{ "meta": { "book": { "id": "laozi", "title": "老子", "titleSimp": "老子", "author": "老聃", "authorSimp": "老聃", "era": "春秋", "eraSimp": "春秋", "editor": "河上公、王弼等", "editorSimp": "河上公、王弼等", "edition": "王弼《老子注》", "editionSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "slug": "laozi", "baseLabel": "王弼《老子注》", "baseLabelSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "separationLabel": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英義疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、嚴遵指歸、李榮注、陸希聲傳、呂惠卿傳、蘇轍老子解、吳澄道德真經注、憨山道德經解、魏源老子本義、俞樾平議、王夫之老子衍十四家", "separationLabelSimp": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英义疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、严遵指归、李荣注、陆希声传、吕惠卿传、苏辙老子解、吴澄道德真经注、憨山道德经解、魏源老子本义、俞樾平议、王夫之老子衍十四家", "intro": "《老子》八十一章，分道經、德經。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》為底本，逐章整理正文、舊注、今譯與校記；第一至八十一章已上線，全帙完竣。", "introSimp": "《老子》八十一章，分道经、德经。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》为底本，逐章整理正文、旧注、今译与校记；第一至八十一章已上线，全帙完竣。" }, "chapter": { "id": "laozi-03", "no": 3, "part": "道經", "partSimp": "道经", "title": "第三章", "titleSimp": "第三章", "intro": "《老子》第三章，王弼本題「不尚賢章」。全章七句，先舉不尚賢、不貴難得之貨、不見可欲三事，說爭、盜、昏亂之源；轉出聖人之治虛心實腹、弱志強骨，終於常使民無知無欲、為無為則無不治。本站以王弼《老子注》為底本，分列河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英義疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、嚴遵指歸、李榮注、陸希聲傳、呂惠卿傳、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》與王夫之《老子衍》，並附編者今譯。陸希聲、呂惠卿二家據道藏專本，參焦竑《老子翼》所輯。", "introSimp": "《老子》第三章，王弼本题「不尚贤章」。全章七句，先举不尚贤、不贵难得之货、不见可欲三事，说争、盗、昏乱之源；转出圣人之治虚心实腹、弱志强骨，终于常使民无知无欲、为无为则无不治。本站以王弼《老子注》为底本，分列河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英义疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、严遵指归、李荣注、陆希声传、吕惠卿传、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》与王夫之《老子衍》，并附编者今译。陆希声、吕惠卿二家据道藏专本，参焦竑《老子翼》所辑。", "guide": "點擊任一句可展開句注；點擊字詞可看本句訓釋；按「諸家並觀」可將同一句的十三家舊注並列對讀。", "guideSimp": "点击任一句可展开句注；点击字词可看本句训释；按「诸家并观」可将同一句的十三家旧注并列对读。", "slug": "03", "order": 3, "status": "published", "revision": "初校", "review": "待复核", "updated": "2026-10-29", "summary": "以「不尚賢」三事開篇，說尚賢、貴貨、見可欲為爭盜昏亂之源；轉出聖人虛心實腹、弱志強骨之治，終於「為無為，則無不治」；附河上公、王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、嚴遵、李榮、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之十三家注疏。", "summarySimp": "以「不尚贤」三事开篇，说尚贤、贵货、见可欲为争盗昏乱之源；转出圣人虚心实腹、弱志强骨之治，终于「为无为，则无不治」；附河上公、王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、严遵、李荣、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之十三家注疏。", "dataFile": "data/chapters/laozi-03.json", "relationsFile": "data/commentary-relations-laozi-03.json", "url": "/laozi/03/", "volumeId": "daojing", "volumeTitle": "道經", "volumeTitleSimp": "道经", "orderLabel": "第三" }, "edition": { "base": "王弼《老子注》", "baseEdition": "王弼《老子注》通行本", "separation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、嚴遵《道德真經指歸》、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德真經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》、王夫之《老子衍》諸本對校；陸希聲、呂惠卿二家據《道藏》本，參焦竑《老子翼》所輯", "punctuation": "數字轉錄所附現代標點，本站僅作閱讀輔助，尚未逐字復核原刻", "digital": "中華典藏網、大道家園公開轉錄、Kanripo 漢籍全文資料庫（僅作文字底本）", "caution": "《玄德纂疏》數字本訛字較多，河上公、王弼、唐玄宗御注御疏、蘇轍、吳澄、李榮、陸希聲、呂惠卿別取專本；成玄英疏、嚴遵文字經人工校正，刪除現代整理者所加校勘括號，未補缺文。憨山、魏源、王夫之據公開轉錄本校讀。", "baseSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "baseEditionSimp": "王弼《老子注》通行本", "separationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、严遵《道德真经指归》、李荣《道德真经注》、陆希声《道德真经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》、王夫之《老子衍》诸本对校；陆希声、吕惠卿二家据《道藏》本，参焦竑《老子翼》所辑", "punctuationSimp": "数字转录所附现代标点，本站仅作阅读辅助，尚未逐字复核原刻", "digitalSimp": "中华典藏网、大道家园公开转录、Kanripo 汉籍全文资料库（仅作文字底本）", "cautionSimp": "《玄德纂疏》数字本讹字较多，河上公、王弼、唐玄宗御注御疏、苏辙、吴澄、李荣、陆希声、吕惠卿别取专本；成玄英疏、严遵文字经人工校正，删除现代整理者所加校勘括号，未补缺文。憨山、魏源、王夫之据公开转录本校读。" }, "license": { "historical": "公有領域", "translation": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "code": "MIT" }, "stats": { "sentences": 7, "commentaries": 76, "charNotes": 10, "collations": 5 } }, "sources": [ { "id": "heshanggong", "name": "河上公章句", "short": "河上公", "author": "河上公", "work": "老子道德經章句", "era": "漢", "years": "傳漢文帝時", "color": "#a3542c", "desc": "分章句解，兼重治身與治國；此章以不貴祿位、除嗜欲、懷道抱一釋之。", "count": 10, "nameSimp": "河上公章句", "workSimp": "老子道德经章句", "authorSimp": "河上公", "eraSimp": "汉", "yearsSimp": "传汉文帝时", "descSimp": "分章句解，兼重治身与治国；此章以不贵禄位、除嗜欲、怀道抱一释之。", "shortSimp": "河上公" }, { "id": "wangbi", "name": "王弼注", "short": "王注", "author": "王弼", "work": "老子道德經注", "era": "曹魏", "years": "226–249", "color": "#8c5a2b", "desc": "以「無」為本，倡崇本息末；此章以榮過其任、虛有智而實無知說不尚賢。", "count": 4, "nameSimp": "王弼注", "workSimp": "老子道德经注", "authorSimp": "王弼", "eraSimp": "曹魏", "yearsSimp": "226–249", "descSimp": "以「无」为本，倡崇本息末；此章以荣过其任、虚有智而实无知说不尚贤。", "shortSimp": "王注" }, { "id": "chengxuanying", "name": "成玄英疏", "short": "成疏", "author": "成玄英", "work": "老子道德經義疏", "era": "唐", "years": "約 608–669", "color": "#6b7a4a", "desc": "以重玄雙遣為宗；此章以心境兩忘、雙遣有無說虛心實腹。", "count": 10, "nameSimp": "成玄英疏", "workSimp": "老子道德经义疏", "authorSimp": "成玄英", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "约 608–669", "descSimp": "以重玄双遣为宗；此章以心境两忘、双遣有无说虚心实腹。", "shortSimp": "成疏" }, { "id": "tangxuanzong", "name": "唐玄宗御注御疏", "short": "御注", "author": "李隆基", "work": "道德真經注疏", "era": "唐", "years": "685–762", "color": "#9b3d3d", "desc": "帝王御注，兼採諸家；此章以有迹徇迹說爭，以人得其性說無為。", "count": 21, "nameSimp": "唐玄宗御注御疏", "workSimp": "道德真经注疏", "authorSimp": "李隆基", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "685–762", "descSimp": "帝王御注，兼采诸家；此章以有迹徇迹说争，以人得其性说无为。", "shortSimp": "御注" }, { "id": "yanzun", "name": "嚴遵指歸", "short": "嚴指歸", "author": "嚴遵", "work": "道德真經指歸", "era": "漢", "years": "約前 83–10", "color": "#7a5c3e", "desc": "以自然、真素立說；此章以尚禮義則爭、藏珠玉則盜，歸於反真復素。", "count": 7, "nameSimp": "严遵指归", "workSimp": "道德真经指归", "authorSimp": "严遵", "eraSimp": "汉", "yearsSimp": "约前 83–10", "descSimp": "以自然、真素立说；此章以尚礼义则争、藏珠玉则盗，归于反真复素。", "shortSimp": "严指归" }, { "id": "lirong", "name": "李榮注", "short": "李注", "author": "李榮", "work": "道德真經注", "era": "唐", "years": "生卒不詳", "color": "#4f6b7a", "desc": "唐初道士，以重玄遣執解《老》；此章以王道蕩蕩、賞罰得當說不爭。", "count": 8, "nameSimp": "李荣注", "workSimp": "道德真经注", "authorSimp": "李荣", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "生卒不详", "descSimp": "唐初道士，以重玄遣执解《老》；此章以王道荡荡、赏罚得当说不争。", "shortSimp": "李注" }, { "id": "luxisheng", "name": "陸希聲傳", "short": "陸傳", "author": "陸希聲", "work": "道德經傳", "era": "唐", "years": "？–895", "color": "#6a5a7a", "desc": "以情性說《老》；此章謂情所貴尚則徇欲生偽，聖人散貨實腹以正情。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "陆希声传", "workSimp": "道德经传", "authorSimp": "陆希声", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "？–895", "descSimp": "以情性说《老》；此章谓情所贵尚则徇欲生伪，圣人散货实腹以正情。", "shortSimp": "陆传" }, { "id": "lvhuiqing", "name": "呂惠卿傳", "short": "呂傳", "author": "呂惠卿", "work": "道德真經傳", "era": "北宋", "years": "1032–1111", "color": "#7a6a4a", "desc": "北宋新學一系；此章謂舉賢則民相軋，聖人非遺賢棄貨，內不存諸心。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "吕惠卿传", "workSimp": "道德真经传", "authorSimp": "吕惠卿", "eraSimp": "北宋", "yearsSimp": "1032–1111", "descSimp": "北宋新学一系；此章谓举贤则民相轧，圣人非遗贤弃货，内不存诸心。", "shortSimp": "吕传" }, { "id": "suzhe", "name": "蘇轍老子解", "short": "蘇解", "author": "蘇轍", "work": "老子解", "era": "北宋", "years": "1039–1112", "color": "#4a6a6a", "desc": "以形名言美惡；此章謂聖人未嘗不用賢，獨不尚之，虛心而不害腹實。", "count": 4, "nameSimp": "苏辙老子解", "workSimp": "老子解", "authorSimp": "苏辙", "eraSimp": "北宋", "yearsSimp": "1039–1112", "descSimp": "以形名言美恶；此章谓圣人未尝不用贤，独不尚之，虚心而不害腹实。", "shortSimp": "苏解" }, { "id": "wucheng", "name": "吳澄道德真經注", "short": "吳注", "author": "吳澄", "work": "道德真經注", "era": "元", "years": "1249–1333", "color": "#5a6a3a", "desc": "元代朱學大家；此章以四「其」字指民，謂虛實弱強皆所以使民。", "count": 5, "nameSimp": "吴澄道德真经注", "workSimp": "道德真经注", "authorSimp": "吴澄", "eraSimp": "元", "yearsSimp": "1249–1333", "descSimp": "元代朱学大家；此章以四「其」字指民，谓虚实弱强皆所以使民。", "shortSimp": "吴注" }, { "id": "hanshan", "name": "憨山道德經解", "short": "憨山", "author": "釋德清", "work": "道德經解", "era": "明", "years": "1546–1623", "color": "#705a4a", "desc": "晚明高僧；此章以尚名好利為爭盜之源，教人先斷妄想思慮之心。", "count": 2, "nameSimp": "憨山道德经解", "workSimp": "道德经解", "authorSimp": "释德清", "eraSimp": "明", "yearsSimp": "1546–1623", "descSimp": "晚明高僧；此章以尚名好利为争盗之源，教人先断妄想思虑之心。", "shortSimp": "憨山" }, { "id": "weiyuan", "name": "魏源老子本義", "short": "魏本義", "author": "魏源", "work": "老子本義", "era": "清", "years": "1794–1857", "color": "#3d5a6a", "desc": "清代今文經學家；此章以有為由於有欲、有欲由於有知，歸於無為之為。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "魏源老子本义", "workSimp": "老子本义", "authorSimp": "魏源", "eraSimp": "清", "yearsSimp": "1794–1857", "descSimp": "清代今文经学家；此章以有为由于有欲、有欲由于有知，归于无为之为。", "shortSimp": "魏本义" }, { "id": "wangfuzhi", "name": "船山衍", "short": "船山", "author": "王夫之", "work": "老子衍", "era": "清", "years": "1619–1692", "color": "#3f5d52", "desc": "以「兩端生於一致」解《老》；此章謂爭盜未必起於賢貨，神形自平則治。", "count": 2, "nameSimp": "船山衍", "workSimp": "老子衍", "authorSimp": "王夫之", "eraSimp": "清", "yearsSimp": "1619–1692", "descSimp": "以「两端生于一致」解《老》；此章谓争盗未必起于贤货，神形自平则治。", "shortSimp": "船山" }, { "id": "translator", "name": "本站今譯", "short": "今譯", "author": "LibreBook 編者", "work": "今譯", "era": "當代", "years": "", "color": "#8a8a8a", "desc": "編者據舊注與上下文所作語體今譯，供閱讀參照。", "count": 7, "nameSimp": "本站今译", "workSimp": "今译", "authorSimp": "LibreBook 编者", "eraSimp": "当代", "yearsSimp": "", "descSimp": "编者据旧注与上下文所作语体今译，供阅读参照。", "shortSimp": "今译" } ], "sentences": [ { "id": "s001", "paragraph": 1, "text": "不尚賢，使民不爭；", "textSimp": "不尚贤，使民不争；", "translation": "不推崇贤能之名，使百姓不去争逐名位；", "translationTrad": "不推崇賢能之名，使百姓不去爭逐名位；", "noteIds": [ "c001", "c011", "c015", "c025", "c035", "c046", "c053", "c061", "c062", "c063", "c067", "c072", "c074", "c075" ], "noteCount": 14, "charNoteIds": [ "n001", "n002" ], "key": "laozi-03:s001", "n": 1 }, { "id": "s002", "paragraph": 1, "text": "不貴難得之貨，使民不為盜；", "textSimp": "不贵难得之货，使民不为盗；", "translation": "不珍视稀有难得的财货，使百姓不去偷盗；", "translationTrad": "不珍視稀有難得的財貨，使百姓不去偷盜；", "noteIds": [ "c002", "c011", "c016", "c026", "c036", "c047", "c054", "c061", "c062", "c063", "c067", "c072", "c074", "c075" ], "noteCount": 14, "charNoteIds": [ "n003", "n004" ], "key": "laozi-03:s002", "n": 2 }, { "id": "s003", "paragraph": 1, "text": "不見可欲，使民心不亂。", "textSimp": "不见可欲，使民心不乱。", "translation": "不显露足以引起贪欲的东西，使百姓的心不被扰乱。", "translationTrad": "不顯露足以引起貪欲的東西，使百姓的心不被擾亂。", "noteIds": [ "c003", "c011", "c017", "c027", "c037", "c048", "c055", "c061", "c062", "c063", "c067", "c072", "c074", "c075" ], "noteCount": 14, "charNoteIds": [ "n005", "n006" ], "key": "laozi-03:s003", "n": 3 }, { "id": "s004", "paragraph": 2, "text": "是以聖人之治，虛其心，實其腹，", "textSimp": "是以圣人之治，虚其心，实其腹，", "translation": "所以圣人治理天下，是使人心虚静而无所贪求，使百姓腹中充实而衣食无忧，", "translationTrad": "所以聖人治理天下，是使人心虛靜而無所貪求，使百姓腹中充實而衣食無憂，", "noteIds": [ "c004", "c005", "c012", "c018", "c019", "c028", "c029", "c038", "c039", "c040", "c049", "c050", "c056", "c057", "c061", "c062", "c064", "c068", "c073", "c074", "c075", "c076" ], "noteCount": 22, "charNoteIds": [ "n007" ], "key": "laozi-03:s004", "n": 4 }, { "id": "s005", "paragraph": 2, "text": "弱其志，強其骨。", "textSimp": "弱其志，强其骨。", "translation": "削弱他们争胜的意志，强健他们的筋骨。", "translationTrad": "削弱他們爭勝的意志，強健他們的筋骨。", "noteIds": [ "c006", "c007", "c012", "c020", "c021", "c030", "c031", "c041", "c042", "c051", "c058", "c059", "c061", "c062", "c064", "c068", "c073", "c074", "c075", "c076" ], "noteCount": 20, "charNoteIds": [ "n008" ], "key": "laozi-03:s005", "n": 5 }, { "id": "s006", "paragraph": 2, "text": "常使民無知無欲，使夫智者不敢為也。", "textSimp": "常使民无知无欲，使夫智者不敢为也。", "translation": "常使百姓没有巧诈之知、没有贪得之欲，使那些自以为聪明的人不敢妄为。", "translationTrad": "常使百姓沒有巧詐之知、沒有貪得之欲，使那些自以為聰明的人不敢妄為。", "noteIds": [ "c008", "c009", "c013", "c014", "c022", "c023", "c032", "c033", "c043", "c044", "c060", "c061", "c062", "c065", "c069", "c070", "c073", "c074", "c075" ], "noteCount": 19, "charNoteIds": [ "n009" ], "key": "laozi-03:s006", "n": 6 }, { "id": "s007", "paragraph": 2, "text": "為無為，則無不治。", "textSimp": "为无为，则无不治。", "translation": "以无为的方式去作为，天下就没有治理不好的。", "translationTrad": "以無為的方式去作為，天下就沒有治理不好的。", "noteIds": [ "c010", "c024", "c034", "c045", "c052", "c060", "c061", "c062", "c066", "c071", "c073", "c074", "c075" ], "noteCount": 13, "charNoteIds": [ "n010" ], "key": "laozi-03:s007", "n": 7 } ], "commentaries": [ { "id": "c001", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "不尚賢，使民不爭", "kind": "note", "text": "賢謂世俗之賢，辨口明文，離道行權，去質為文。不尚者，不貴之以祿，不尊之以官也。不爭功名，乃自然也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "textSimp": "贤谓世俗之贤，辨口明文，离道行权，去质为文。不尚者，不贵之以禄，不尊之以官也。不争功名，乃自然也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》", "lemmaSimp": "不尚贤，使民不争" }, { "id": "c002", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "不貴難得之貨，使民不為盜", "kind": "note", "text": "言人君不御好珍寶，則黃金棄於山，珠玉捐於淵也。上化清靜，下無貪人。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "textSimp": "言人君不御好珍宝，则黄金弃于山，珠玉捐于渊也。上化清静，下无贪人。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》", "lemmaSimp": "不贵难得之货，使民不为盗" }, { "id": "c003", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "不見可欲，使民心不亂", "kind": "note", "text": "放鄭聲，遠佞人。不邪淫也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "textSimp": "放郑声，远佞人。不邪淫也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》", "lemmaSimp": "不见可欲，使民心不乱" }, { "id": "c004", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "是以聖人之治，虛其心", "kind": "note", "text": "說聖人治國與治身。除嗜欲，去煩亂。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "textSimp": "说圣人治国与治身。除嗜欲，去烦乱。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》", "lemmaSimp": "是以圣人之治，虚其心" }, { "id": "c005", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "實其腹", "kind": "note", "text": "懷道抱一，守五神也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "textSimp": "怀道抱一，守五神也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》", "lemmaSimp": "实其腹" }, { "id": "c006", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "弱其志", "kind": "note", "text": "和柔謙讓，不處權也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "textSimp": "和柔谦让，不处权也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》", "lemmaSimp": "弱其志" }, { "id": "c007", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "強其骨", "kind": "note", "text": "愛精重施，髓滿骨堅也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "textSimp": "爱精重施，髓满骨坚也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》", "lemmaSimp": "强其骨" }, { "id": "c008", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s006", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "常使民無知無欲", "kind": "note", "text": "反樸守淳。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "textSimp": "反朴守淳。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》", "lemmaSimp": "常使民无知无欲" }, { "id": "c009", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s006", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "使夫智者不敢為也", "kind": "note", "text": "思慮深，不輕言。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "textSimp": "思虑深，不轻言。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》", "lemmaSimp": "使夫智者不敢为也" }, { "id": "c010", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s007", "end": "s007" }, "lemma": "為無為，則無不治", "kind": "note", "text": "不造作，動因循。德化厚，百姓安。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "textSimp": "不造作，动因循。德化厚，百姓安。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》", "lemmaSimp": "为无为，则无不治" }, { "id": "c011", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "不尚賢……使民心不亂", "kind": "note", "text": "賢，猶能也。尚者，嘉之名也。貴者，隆之稱也。唯能是任，尚也曷為？唯用是施，貴之何為？尚賢顯名，榮過其任，為而常校能相射；貴貨過用，貪者競趣，穿窬探篋，沒命而盜。故可欲不見，則心無所亂也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》", "textSimp": "贤，犹能也。尚者，嘉之名也。贵者，隆之称也。唯能是任，尚也曷为？唯用是施，贵之何为？尚贤显名，荣过其任，为而常校能相射；贵货过用，贪者竞趣，穿窬探箧，没命而盗。故可欲不见，则心无所乱也。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》", "lemmaSimp": "不尚贤……使民心不乱" }, { "id": "c012", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "虛其心……強其骨", "kind": "note", "text": "心懷智而腹懷食，虛有智而實無知也。骨無知以幹，志生事以亂。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》", "textSimp": "心怀智而腹怀食，虚有智而实无知也。骨无知以干，志生事以乱。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》", "lemmaSimp": "虚其心……强其骨" }, { "id": "c013", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s006", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "常使民無知無欲", "kind": "note", "text": "守其真也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》", "textSimp": "守其真也。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》", "lemmaSimp": "常使民无知无欲" }, { "id": "c014", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s006", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "使夫智者不敢為也", "kind": "note", "text": "知者謂知為也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》", "textSimp": "知者谓知为也。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》", "lemmaSimp": "使夫智者不敢为也" }, { "id": "c015", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "不尚賢，使民不爭", "kind": "note", "text": "尚，貴也；賢，能也。非謂君王不尚賢人，直是學者撝謙，先物後己，不自貴尚而賤人也。而言不爭者，若使人人自貴、賤物，則浮競互彰；若能各各退己先人，則爭忿自息，故云不爭。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》", "textSimp": "尚，贵也；贤，能也。非谓君王不尚贤人，直是学者㧑谦，先物后己，不自贵尚而贱人也。而言不争者，若使人人自贵、贱物，则浮竞互彰；若能各各退己先人，则争忿自息，故云不争。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》", "lemmaSimp": "不尚贤，使民不争" }, { "id": "c016", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "不貴難得之貨，使民不為盜", "kind": "note", "text": "難得之貨，謂隋珠、荆璧、垂棘、照車也。若使普天貴寶，則盜賊斯生；率土賤珍，則盜竊不起，故言不盜。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》", "textSimp": "难得之货，谓隋珠、荆璧、垂棘、照车也。若使普天贵宝，则盗贼斯生；率土贱珍，则盗窃不起，故言不盗。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》", "lemmaSimp": "不贵难得之货，使民不为盗" }, { "id": "c017", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "不見可欲，使民心不亂", "kind": "note", "text": "可欲者，即是世間一切前境色聲等法可貪求染愛之物也。所言不見者，非杜耳目以避之也，妙體塵境虛幻，竟無可欲之法，推窮根塵，不合故也。既無可欲之境，故恣耳目之見聞而心恆虛靜，故言不亂也。故《西昇經》云：「譬如鏡中影，可見不可取。」又云：「欲視亦無所見，欲聽亦無所聞。」前不盜不爭是別，今可欲是總，遣三業及一切法也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》", "textSimp": "可欲者，即是世间一切前境色声等法可贪求染爱之物也。所言不见者，非杜耳目以避之也，妙体尘境虚幻，竟无可欲之法，推穷根尘，不合故也。既无可欲之境，故恣耳目之见闻而心恒虚静，故言不乱也。故《西升经》云：「譬如镜中影，可见不可取。」又云：「欲视亦无所见，欲听亦无所闻。」前不盗不争是别，今可欲是总，遣三业及一切法也。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》", "lemmaSimp": "不见可欲，使民心不乱" }, { "id": "c018", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "虛其心", "kind": "note", "text": "聖人治國同前釋。虛其心者，既外無可欲之境，內無能欲之心，心境兩忘，故即心無心也。前境後境，又心虛也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》", "textSimp": "圣人治国同前释。虚其心者，既外无可欲之境，内无能欲之心，心境两忘，故即心无心也。前境后境，又心虚也。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》", "lemmaSimp": "虚其心" }, { "id": "c019", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "實其腹", "kind": "note", "text": "雖復即心無心，而實有靈照，乃言妙體虛寂，而赴感無差，德充於內，故言實腹。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》", "textSimp": "虽复即心无心，而实有灵照，乃言妙体虚寂，而赴感无差，德充于内，故言实腹。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》", "lemmaSimp": "实其腹" }, { "id": "c020", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "弱其志", "kind": "note", "text": "既內懷實智，而外弘接物，處俗同塵，柔弱退己也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》", "textSimp": "既内怀实智，而外弘接物，处俗同尘，柔弱退己也。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》", "lemmaSimp": "弱其志" }, { "id": "c021", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "強其骨", "kind": "note", "text": "骨譬內也，言聖人雖復外亦和光，而內恆憺泊，欲明動不傷性，應不離真，故言強骨。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》", "textSimp": "骨譬内也，言圣人虽复外亦和光，而内恒憺泊，欲明动不伤性，应不离真，故言强骨。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》", "lemmaSimp": "强其骨" }, { "id": "c022", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s006", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "常使民無知無欲", "kind": "note", "text": "知者，分別之名；欲者，貪求之目。言聖人常以空惠利益蒼生，令倒置之徒息分別之心、捨貪求之欲。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》", "textSimp": "知者，分别之名；欲者，贪求之目。言圣人常以空惠利益苍生，令倒置之徒息分别之心、舍贪求之欲。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》", "lemmaSimp": "常使民无知无欲" }, { "id": "c023", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s006", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "使夫智者不敢為也", "kind": "note", "text": "使知者不敢為，則無不治。前既捨有欲得無欲，復恐無欲之人滯於空見，以無欲為道，而言不敢不為者，即遣無欲也；恐執此不為，故繼以不敢也。治，正也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》", "textSimp": "使知者不敢为，则无不治。前既舍有欲得无欲，复恐无欲之人滞于空见，以无欲为道，而言不敢不为者，即遣无欲也；恐执此不为，故继以不敢也。治，正也。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》", "lemmaSimp": "使夫智者不敢为也" }, { "id": "c024", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s007", "end": "s007" }, "lemma": "為無為，則無不治", "kind": "note", "text": "行人但能先遣有欲、後遣無欲者，此則雙遣二邊，妙體一道，物我齊觀，境智兩忘，以斯為治，理無不正也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》", "textSimp": "行人但能先遣有欲、后遣无欲者，此则双遣二边，妙体一道，物我齐观，境智两忘，以斯为治，理无不正也。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》", "lemmaSimp": "为无为，则无不治" }, { "id": "c025", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "不尚賢，使民不爭", "kind": "note", "text": "尚賢則有迹，徇迹則爭興；使賢不肖各當其分，則不爭矣。", "authorNote": "御注", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "textSimp": "尚贤则有迹，徇迹则争兴；使贤不肖各当其分，则不争矣。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（御注）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》", "authorNoteSimp": "御注", "lemmaSimp": "不尚贤，使民不争" }, { "id": "c026", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "不貴難得之貨，使民不為盜", "kind": "note", "text": "難得之貨，謂性分所無者，求不可得，故云難得。夫不安本分，希效所無，既失性分，寧非盜竊？欲使物任其性，事稱其能，則難得之貨不貴，性命之情不為盜矣。", "authorNote": "御注", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "textSimp": "难得之货，谓性分所无者，求不可得，故云难得。夫不安本分，希效所无，既失性分，宁非盗窃？欲使物任其性，事称其能，则难得之货不贵，性命之情不为盗矣。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（御注）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》", "authorNoteSimp": "御注", "lemmaSimp": "不贵难得之货，使民不为盗" }, { "id": "c027", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "不見可欲，使民心不亂", "kind": "note", "text": "既無尚賢之迹，不求難得之貨，是無可見之欲，而心不惑亂也。", "authorNote": "御注", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "textSimp": "既无尚贤之迹，不求难得之货，是无可见之欲，而心不惑乱也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（御注）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》", "authorNoteSimp": "御注", "lemmaSimp": "不见可欲，使民心不乱" }, { "id": "c028", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "虛其心", "kind": "note", "text": "心不為可欲所亂，則虛矣。", "authorNote": "御注", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "textSimp": "心不为可欲所乱，则虚矣。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（御注）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》", "authorNoteSimp": "御注", "lemmaSimp": "虚其心" }, { "id": "c029", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "實其腹", "kind": "note", "text": "道德內充，則無矜徇，亦如屬厭而止，不生貪求。", "authorNote": "御注", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "textSimp": "道德内充，则无矜徇，亦如属厌而止，不生贪求。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（御注）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》", "authorNoteSimp": "御注", "lemmaSimp": "实其腹" }, { "id": "c030", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "弱其志", "kind": "note", "text": "心虛則志弱。", "authorNote": "御注", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "textSimp": "心虚则志弱。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（御注）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》", "authorNoteSimp": "御注", "lemmaSimp": "弱其志" }, { "id": "c031", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "強其骨", "kind": "note", "text": "腹實則骨強。", "authorNote": "御注", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "textSimp": "腹实则骨强。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（御注）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》", "authorNoteSimp": "御注", "lemmaSimp": "强其骨" }, { "id": "c032", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s006", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "常使民無知無欲", "kind": "note", "text": "常使民無爭尚之知、無貪求之欲也。", "authorNote": "御注", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "textSimp": "常使民无争尚之知、无贪求之欲也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（御注）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》", "authorNoteSimp": "御注", "lemmaSimp": "常使民无知无欲" }, { "id": "c033", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s006", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "使夫智者不敢為也", "kind": "note", "text": "清靜化人，盡無知欲；適有知者，令不敢為也。", "authorNote": "御注", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "textSimp": "清静化人，尽无知欲；适有知者，令不敢为也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（御注）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》", "authorNoteSimp": "御注", "lemmaSimp": "使夫智者不敢为也" }, { "id": "c034", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s007", "end": "s007" }, "lemma": "為無為，則無不治", "kind": "note", "text": "於為無為，人得其性，則淳化有孚矣。", "authorNote": "御注", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "textSimp": "于为无为，人得其性，则淳化有孚矣。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（御注）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》", "authorNoteSimp": "御注", "lemmaSimp": "为无为，则无不治" }, { "id": "c035", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "不尚賢，使民不爭", "kind": "note", "text": "尚，崇貴也；賢，才能也。言人君崇貴才能，則有迹；飾偽者徇迹而失真，失真必是尚賢之由，徇迹定起交爭之弊。不若陶之玄化，任以無為，使雲自從龍、風常隨虎，則唐虞在上不乏元凱之臣，伊呂升朝自得台衡之望，各當其分，人無覬覦，則不爭也。", "authorNote": "御疏", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "textSimp": "尚，崇贵也；贤，才能也。言人君崇贵才能，则有迹；饰伪者徇迹而失真，失真必是尚贤之由，徇迹定起交争之弊。不若陶之玄化，任以无为，使云自从龙、风常随虎，则唐虞在上不乏元凯之臣，伊吕升朝自得台衡之望，各当其分，人无觊觎，则不争也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（御疏）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》", "authorNoteSimp": "御疏", "lemmaSimp": "不尚贤，使民不争" }, { "id": "c036", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "不貴難得之貨，使民不為盜", "kind": "note", "text": "人之受生，所稟有分，則所稟材器是身貨寶。分外妄求，求不可得，故云難得。夫不安性分，希慕聰明，且失天真，盡成私盜。今使賢愚襲性、可否用情，既無越分之求，自輕難得之貨，皆得性分，誰為盜乎？故莊子曰：「不仁之仁，竊性命之情而饕富貴。」又解云：以人君不貴珠犀寶貝，則其政清靜，故百姓化之，自絕貪取，人各知足，故不為盜。", "authorNote": "御疏", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "textSimp": "人之受生，所禀有分，则所禀材器是身货宝。分外妄求，求不可得，故云难得。夫不安性分，希慕聪明，且失天真，尽成私盗。今使贤愚袭性、可否用情，既无越分之求，自轻难得之货，皆得性分，谁为盗乎？故庄子曰：「不仁之仁，窃性命之情而饕富贵。」又解云：以人君不贵珠犀宝贝，则其政清静，故百姓化之，自绝贪取，人各知足，故不为盗。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（御疏）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》", "authorNoteSimp": "御疏", "lemmaSimp": "不贵难得之货，使民不为盗" }, { "id": "c037", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "不見可欲，使民心不亂", "kind": "note", "text": "希慕聰明，是見可欲；欲心興動，非亂而何？今既不崇貴賢能，亦不妄求越分，則不見可欲之事，而心不惑亂也。", "authorNote": "御疏", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "textSimp": "希慕聪明，是见可欲；欲心兴动，非乱而何？今既不崇贵贤能，亦不妄求越分，则不见可欲之事，而心不惑乱也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（御疏）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》", "authorNoteSimp": "御疏", "lemmaSimp": "不见可欲，使民心不乱" }, { "id": "c038", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "是以聖人之治", "kind": "note", "text": "聖人治國理身以為教本。夫理國者，復何為乎？但理身爾。故虛心實腹，絕欲忘知，於為無為，則無不理矣。", "authorNote": "御疏", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "textSimp": "圣人治国理身以为教本。夫理国者，复何为乎？但理身尔。故虚心实腹，绝欲忘知，于为无为，则无不理矣。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（御疏）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》", "authorNoteSimp": "御疏", "lemmaSimp": "是以圣人之治" }, { "id": "c039", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "虛其心", "kind": "note", "text": "夫役心逐境，則塵事汩昏；靜慮全真，則情欲不作；情欲不作，則心虛矣。莊子曰「虛室生白」，謂心虛則純白獨生也，故曰虛其心。", "authorNote": "御疏", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "textSimp": "夫役心逐境，则尘事汩昏；静虑全真，则情欲不作；情欲不作，则心虚矣。庄子曰「虚室生白」，谓心虚则纯白独生也，故曰虚其心。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（御疏）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》", "authorNoteSimp": "御疏", "lemmaSimp": "虚其心" }, { "id": "c040", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "實其腹", "kind": "note", "text": "腹者含受之義，足則不貪，欲使道德內充，不生貪愛，故云實其腹。注云「屬厭而止」者，春秋閻沒、汝寬諫魏獻子辭也，欲以小人之腹為君子之心，屬厭則足而不貪也。", "authorNote": "御疏", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "textSimp": "腹者含受之义，足则不贪，欲使道德内充，不生贪爱，故云实其腹。注云「属厌而止」者，春秋阎没、汝宽谏魏献子辞也，欲以小人之腹为君子之心，属厌则足而不贪也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（御疏）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》", "authorNoteSimp": "御疏", "lemmaSimp": "实其腹" }, { "id": "c041", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "弱其志", "kind": "note", "text": "志者心之事，事在心曰志。欲令心有所行皆守柔弱，故知心虛則志弱矣。", "authorNote": "御疏", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "textSimp": "志者心之事，事在心曰志。欲令心有所行皆守柔弱，故知心虚则志弱矣。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（御疏）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》", "authorNoteSimp": "御疏", "lemmaSimp": "弱其志" }, { "id": "c042", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "強其骨", "kind": "note", "text": "骨者體之幹，既其道德內充，常無貪取；不貪則腹實，腹實則自骨強矣。", "authorNote": "御疏", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "textSimp": "骨者体之干，既其道德内充，常无贪取；不贪则腹实，腹实则自骨强矣。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（御疏）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》", "authorNoteSimp": "御疏", "lemmaSimp": "强其骨" }, { "id": "c043", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s006", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "常使民無知無欲", "kind": "note", "text": "聖人所以行虛心實腹之教者，常欲使百姓無爭尚之知、貪求之欲，令其自化爾。", "authorNote": "御疏", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "textSimp": "圣人所以行虚心实腹之教者，常欲使百姓无争尚之知、贪求之欲，令其自化尔。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（御疏）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》", "authorNoteSimp": "御疏", "lemmaSimp": "常使民无知无欲" }, { "id": "c044", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s006", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "使夫智者不敢為也", "kind": "note", "text": "夫無知無欲者已清靜也，則使夫有知者漸陶淳化，不敢為徇迹貪求而無為也。", "authorNote": "御疏", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "textSimp": "夫无知无欲者已清静也，则使夫有知者渐陶淳化，不敢为徇迹贪求而无为也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（御疏）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》", "authorNoteSimp": "御疏", "lemmaSimp": "使夫智者不敢为也" }, { "id": "c045", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s007", "end": "s007" }, "lemma": "為無為，則無不治", "kind": "note", "text": "夫得其性而為之，雖為而無為也。且絕尚賢之迹，不求難得之貨，人因本分，物必全真。於為無為，復何矜徇？化既無馨而無臭，人故不識而不知，淳風大行，誰云不理？", "authorNote": "御疏", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "textSimp": "夫得其性而为之，虽为而无为也。且绝尚贤之迹，不求难得之货，人因本分，物必全真。于为无为，复何矜徇？化既无馨而无臭，人故不识而不知，淳风大行，谁云不理？", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（御疏）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》", "authorNoteSimp": "御疏", "lemmaSimp": "为无为，则无不治" }, { "id": "c046", "block": 0, "source": "yanzun", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "不尚賢，使民不爭", "kind": "note", "text": "世尚禮義，則人爭而不逮，則為偽。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "世尚礼义，则人争而不逮，则为伪。", "citationFull": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "citationSimp": "严遵《道德真经指归》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "lemmaSimp": "不尚贤，使民不争" }, { "id": "c047", "block": 0, "source": "yanzun", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "不貴難得之貨，使民不為盜", "kind": "note", "text": "藏珠寶玉，則人求而不贍，則為盜。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "藏珠宝玉，则人求而不赡，则为盗。", "citationFull": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "citationSimp": "严遵《道德真经指归》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "lemmaSimp": "不贵难得之货，使民不为盗" }, { "id": "c048", "block": 0, "source": "yanzun", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "不見可欲，使民心不亂", "kind": "note", "text": "發揚三五，則人悅；悅而不窮，則邪亂也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "发扬三五，则人悦；悦而不穷，则邪乱也。", "citationFull": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "citationSimp": "严遵《道德真经指归》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "lemmaSimp": "不见可欲，使民心不乱" }, { "id": "c049", "block": 0, "source": "yanzun", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "虛其心", "kind": "note", "text": "虛心以靜氣。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "虚心以静气。", "citationFull": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "citationSimp": "严遵《道德真经指归》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "lemmaSimp": "虚其心" }, { "id": "c050", "block": 0, "source": "yanzun", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "實其腹", "kind": "note", "text": "專精以積神。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "专精以积神。", "citationFull": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "citationSimp": "严遵《道德真经指归》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "lemmaSimp": "实其腹" }, { "id": "c051", "block": 0, "source": "yanzun", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "弱其志", "kind": "note", "text": "寂然無為，泊然無治。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "寂然无为，泊然无治。", "citationFull": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "citationSimp": "严遵《道德真经指归》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "lemmaSimp": "弱其志" }, { "id": "c052", "block": 0, "source": "yanzun", "target": { "start": "s007", "end": "s007" }, "lemma": "為無為，則無不治", "kind": "note", "text": "無爵祿以勸之而孝慈自起，無刑罰以禁之而奸邪自止；反真復素，歸於元始。世主無為，天人交市，翱翔自然，物物而治也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "无爵禄以劝之而孝慈自起，无刑罚以禁之而奸邪自止；反真复素，归于元始。世主无为，天人交市，翱翔自然，物物而治也。", "citationFull": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "citationSimp": "严遵《道德真经指归》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "lemmaSimp": "为无为，则无不治" }, { "id": "c053", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "不尚賢，使民不爭", "kind": "note", "text": "王道蕩蕩，無偏無黨，貴賤將玉石同塗，賢者與愚人共貫，此大道之化，無爭者也。夫賢當於位，賞須以功；愚受於役，罰須以過。若賞賢過度，則極以驕奢；役愚越分，則困於貧窶。驕奢必欺侮，獸窮者亦能鬥，則忿爭生也。是以日月曜彩，不為賢不肖易光；天地覆載，不為善不善改度也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》", "textSimp": "王道荡荡，无偏无党，贵贱将玉石同涂，贤者与愚人共贯，此大道之化，无争者也。夫贤当于位，赏须以功；愚受于役，罚须以过。若赏贤过度，则极以骄奢；役愚越分，则困于贫窭。骄奢必欺侮，兽穷者亦能斗，则忿争生也。是以日月曜彩，不为贤不肖易光；天地覆载，不为善不善改度也。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》", "lemmaSimp": "不尚贤，使民不争" }, { "id": "c054", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "不貴難得之貨，使民不為盜", "kind": "note", "text": "棄十城之璧，擲千金之珠，視如瓦礫，豈有盜乎？", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》", "textSimp": "弃十城之璧，掷千金之珠，视如瓦砾，岂有盗乎？", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》", "lemmaSimp": "不贵难得之货，使民不为盗" }, { "id": "c055", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "不見可欲，使民心不亂", "kind": "note", "text": "耳不聞鄭衛絲竹之聲，眼不見褒姒妲己之色，洗心潔己，遺情去欲，豈有亂乎？", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》", "textSimp": "耳不闻郑卫丝竹之声，眼不见褒姒妲己之色，洗心洁己，遗情去欲，岂有乱乎？", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》", "lemmaSimp": "不见可欲，使民心不乱" }, { "id": "c056", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "虛其心", "kind": "note", "text": "除嗜欲，絕是非，遺萬慮，存真一。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》", "textSimp": "除嗜欲，绝是非，遗万虑，存真一。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》", "lemmaSimp": "虚其心" }, { "id": "c057", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "實其腹", "kind": "note", "text": "道實於懷，德充於內。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》", "textSimp": "道实于怀，德充于内。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》", "lemmaSimp": "实其腹" }, { "id": "c058", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "弱其志", "kind": "note", "text": "心志柔弱，順道無違。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》", "textSimp": "心志柔弱，顺道无违。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》", "lemmaSimp": "弱其志" }, { "id": "c059", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "強其骨", "kind": "note", "text": "唯道集虛，虛心懷道，道在物無害者，得成仙骨自強。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》", "textSimp": "唯道集虚，虚心怀道，道在物无害者，得成仙骨自强。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》", "lemmaSimp": "强其骨" }, { "id": "c060", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s006", "end": "s007" }, "lemma": "常使民無知無欲……則無不治", "kind": "note", "text": "上扇無為之風，下行淳樸之化，下從於上，上下皆安，則無不化之化矣。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》", "textSimp": "上扇无为之风，下行淳朴之化，下从于上，上下皆安，则无不化之化矣。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》", "lemmaSimp": "常使民无知无欲……则无不治" }, { "id": "c061", "block": 0, "source": "luxisheng", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s007" }, "lemma": "第三章", "kind": "note", "text": "夫情所貴尚，則物徇其欲；徇則生偽，偽則生姦。故尚賢則爭奪之心萌，貴貨則盜賊之機作。夫唯以性正情者，不見貴尚之欲，從事於道而無姦偽之心。故聖人之治人也，散有餘之貨所以虛貪盜之欲心，糞甚蕪之田所以實饑民之腹胃；不尚爭能之賢以弱其志意，不勞兵役之力以強其筋骨。常使天下之民無知於知、無欲於欲，雖有知其貴尚者，亦不果於所行，以兵不敢為也。為無為者，用有名而體無名，則天下莫不臻於治矣。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "夫情所贵尚，则物徇其欲；徇则生伪，伪则生奸。故尚贤则争夺之心萌，贵货则盗贼之机作。夫唯以性正情者，不见贵尚之欲，从事于道而无奸伪之心。故圣人之治人也，散有余之货所以虚贪盗之欲心，粪甚芜之田所以实饥民之腹胃；不尚争能之贤以弱其志意，不劳兵役之力以强其筋骨。常使天下之民无知于知、无欲于欲，虽有知其贵尚者，亦不果于所行，以兵不敢为也。为无为者，用有名而体无名，则天下莫不臻于治矣。", "citationFull": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "陆希声《道德经传》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "第三章" }, { "id": "c062", "block": 0, "source": "lvhuiqing", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s007" }, "lemma": "第三章", "kind": "note", "text": "聖人知夫美斯惡、善斯不善，而我無容心焉。故雖靡天下之爵，因任而已，而賢非所尚也；聚天下之財，養仁而已，而難得之貨非所貴也。民之爭常出於相賢，知賢非上之所尚則不爭矣，故曰舉賢則民相軋；民之盜常出於欲利，知貨非上之所貴則不為盜矣，故曰苟子之不欲，雖賞之不竊。君子之所欲者賢也，小人之所欲者貨也，我皆不見其可欲，則心不亂矣。然則不尚賢者，非遺於野而不用也；不貴難得之貨者，非委之地而不收也，內不以存諸心，而外不以遺其迹而已矣。是以聖人之治也，虛其心，實其腹，弱其志，強其骨。心藏神而腹者心之宅，虛其心則神不虧而腹實矣；腎藏志而骨者腎之餘，弱其志則精不搖而骨強矣。虛其心而腹實，則常使民無知也；弱其志而骨強，則常使民無欲也。智者知賢非上之所尚而貨非上之所貴，則為之非所利，故不敢為也。夫唯如此，則為無為而無不治也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "呂惠卿《道德真經傳》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "圣人知夫美斯恶、善斯不善，而我无容心焉。故虽靡天下之爵，因任而已，而贤非所尚也；聚天下之财，养仁而已，而难得之货非所贵也。民之争常出于相贤，知贤非上之所尚则不争矣，故曰举贤则民相轧；民之盗常出于欲利，知货非上之所贵则不为盗矣，故曰苟子之不欲，虽赏之不窃。君子之所欲者贤也，小人之所欲者货也，我皆不见其可欲，则心不乱矣。然则不尚贤者，非遗于野而不用也；不贵难得之货者，非委之地而不收也，内不以存诸心，而外不以遗其迹而已矣。是以圣人之治也，虚其心，实其腹，弱其志，强其骨。心藏神而腹者心之宅，虚其心则神不亏而腹实矣；肾藏志而骨者肾之余，弱其志则精不摇而骨强矣。虚其心而腹实，则常使民无知也；弱其志而骨强，则常使民无欲也。智者知贤非上之所尚而货非上之所贵，则为之非所利，故不敢为也。夫唯如此，则为无为而无不治也。", "citationFull": "呂惠卿《道德真經傳》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "吕惠卿《道德真经传》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "第三章" }, { "id": "c063", "block": 0, "source": "suzhe", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "不尚賢……使民心不亂", "kind": "note", "text": "尚賢則民恥於不若而至於爭，貴難得之貨則民病於無有而至於盜，見可欲則民患於不得而至於亂。雖然，天下知三者之為患而欲舉而廢之，則惑矣。聖人不然，未嘗不用賢也，獨不尚賢耳；未嘗棄難得之貨也，獨不貴之耳；未嘗去可欲也，獨不見之耳。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "蘇轍《老子解》", "textSimp": "尚贤则民耻于不若而至于争，贵难得之货则民病于无有而至于盗，见可欲则民患于不得而至于乱。虽然，天下知三者之为患而欲举而废之，则惑矣。圣人不然，未尝不用贤也，独不尚贤耳；未尝弃难得之货也，独不贵之耳；未尝去可欲也，独不见之耳。", "citationFull": "蘇轍《老子解》", "citationSimp": "苏辙《老子解》", "lemmaSimp": "不尚贤……使民心不乱" }, { "id": "c064", "block": 0, "source": "suzhe", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "虛其心……強其骨", "kind": "note", "text": "夫是以賢者用而民不爭，難得之貨、可欲之事畢效於前，而盜賊禍亂不起，是不亦虛其心而不害腹之實、弱其志而不害骨之強也哉？今將舉賢而尚之，寶貨而貴之，衒可欲以示之，則是心與腹皆實也；若舉而廢之，則是志與骨皆弱也。心與腹皆實則民爭，志與骨皆弱則無以立矣。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "蘇轍《老子解》", "textSimp": "夫是以贤者用而民不争，难得之货、可欲之事毕效于前，而盗贼祸乱不起，是不亦虚其心而不害腹之实、弱其志而不害骨之强也哉？今将举贤而尚之，宝货而贵之，衒可欲以示之，则是心与腹皆实也；若举而废之，则是志与骨皆弱也。心与腹皆实则民争，志与骨皆弱则无以立矣。", "citationFull": "蘇轍《老子解》", "citationSimp": "苏辙《老子解》", "lemmaSimp": "虚其心……强其骨" }, { "id": "c065", "block": 0, "source": "suzhe", "target": { "start": "s006", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "常使民無知無欲", "kind": "note", "text": "不以三者衒之，則民不知所慕，澹乎其無欲，雖有智者，無所用巧矣。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "蘇轍《老子解》", "textSimp": "不以三者衒之，则民不知所慕，澹乎其无欲，虽有智者，无所用巧矣。", "citationFull": "蘇轍《老子解》", "citationSimp": "苏辙《老子解》", "lemmaSimp": "常使民无知无欲" }, { "id": "c066", "block": 0, "source": "suzhe", "target": { "start": "s007", "end": "s007" }, "lemma": "為無為，則無不治", "kind": "note", "text": "即用三者之自然而不尚、不貴、不見，所謂為無為也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "蘇轍《老子解》", "textSimp": "即用三者之自然而不尚、不贵、不见，所谓为无为也。", "citationFull": "蘇轍《老子解》", "citationSimp": "苏辙《老子解》", "lemmaSimp": "为无为，则无不治" }, { "id": "c067", "block": 0, "source": "wucheng", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "不尚賢……使民心不亂", "kind": "note", "text": "尚謂尊崇之，貴謂寶重之，見猶示也。人之賢者其名可尚，上之人苟尚之，則民皆欲趨其名而至於爭矣；貨之難得者其利可貴，上之人苟貴之，則民皆欲求其利而至於為盜矣。蓋名利，可欲者也，不尚之不貴之，是不示之以可欲，使民之心不爭、不為盜，是不亂也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "吳澄《道德真經注》", "textSimp": "尚谓尊崇之，贵谓宝重之，见犹示也。人之贤者其名可尚，上之人苟尚之，则民皆欲趋其名而至于争矣；货之难得者其利可贵，上之人苟贵之，则民皆欲求其利而至于为盗矣。盖名利，可欲者也，不尚之不贵之，是不示之以可欲，使民之心不争、不为盗，是不乱也。", "citationFull": "吳澄《道德真經注》", "citationSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》", "lemmaSimp": "不尚贤……使民心不乱" }, { "id": "c068", "block": 0, "source": "wucheng", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "虛其心……強其骨", "kind": "note", "text": "四「其」字皆指民而言。虛其心，謂使民不知利之可貴而無盜心也；實其腹，謂民雖不貪於利，然聖人陰使之足食而充實，未嘗不資夫貨也；弱其志，謂使民不知名之可尚而無爭心也；強其骨，謂民雖不貪於名，然聖人陰使之勉力而自強，未嘗不希夫賢也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "吳澄《道德真經注》", "textSimp": "四「其」字皆指民而言。虚其心，谓使民不知利之可贵而无盗心也；实其腹，谓民虽不贪于利，然圣人阴使之足食而充实，未尝不资夫货也；弱其志，谓使民不知名之可尚而无争心也；强其骨，谓民虽不贪于名，然圣人阴使之勉力而自强，未尝不希夫贤也。", "citationFull": "吳澄《道德真經注》", "citationSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》", "lemmaSimp": "虚其心……强其骨" }, { "id": "c069", "block": 0, "source": "wucheng", "target": { "start": "s006", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "常使民無知無欲", "kind": "note", "text": "謂使民皆無所知，不知名利之可欲，而無欲之之心。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "吳澄《道德真經注》", "textSimp": "谓使民皆无所知，不知名利之可欲，而无欲之之心。", "citationFull": "吳澄《道德真經注》", "citationSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》", "lemmaSimp": "常使民无知无欲" }, { "id": "c070", "block": 0, "source": "wucheng", "target": { "start": "s006", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "使夫智者不敢為也", "kind": "note", "text": "謂民縱有知名利可欲者，亦不敢為爭盜之事。然不敢為，則猶有欲為之心，特不敢爾。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "吳澄《道德真經注》", "textSimp": "谓民纵有知名利可欲者，亦不敢为争盗之事。然不敢为，则犹有欲为之心，特不敢尔。", "citationFull": "吳澄《道德真經注》", "citationSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》", "lemmaSimp": "使夫智者不敢为也" }, { "id": "c071", "block": 0, "source": "wucheng", "target": { "start": "s007", "end": "s007" }, "lemma": "為無為，則無不治", "kind": "note", "text": "為無為，謂為爭為盜者皆無為之之心，如此則天下無不治矣。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "吳澄《道德真經注》", "textSimp": "为无为，谓为争为盗者皆无为之之心，如此则天下无不治矣。", "citationFull": "吳澄《道德真經注》", "citationSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》", "lemmaSimp": "为无为，则无不治" }, { "id": "c072", "block": 0, "source": "hanshan", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "不尚賢……使民心不亂", "kind": "note", "text": "此言世人競有為之跡，尚名好利嗜欲之害，教君人者治之之方，以釋上章處無為之事、行不言之教之實效也。蓋尚賢，好名也；名，爭之端也，故曰爭名於朝。若上不好名，則民自然不爭。貴難得之貨，好利也；利，盜之招也，若上不好利，則民自然不為盜，故曰苟子之不欲，雖賞之不竊。所以好名好利者，因見名利之可欲也，故動亂其心以爭競之。若在上者苟不見名利有可欲，則民亦各安其志，而心不亂矣，故曰不見可欲，使心不亂。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "釋德清《道德經解》", "textSimp": "此言世人竞有为之迹，尚名好利嗜欲之害，教君人者治之之方，以释上章处无为之事、行不言之教之实效也。盖尚贤，好名也；名，争之端也，故曰争名于朝。若上不好名，则民自然不争。贵难得之货，好利也；利，盗之招也，若上不好利，则民自然不为盗，故曰苟子之不欲，虽赏之不窃。所以好名好利者，因见名利之可欲也，故动乱其心以争竞之。若在上者苟不见名利有可欲，则民亦各安其志，而心不乱矣，故曰不见可欲，使心不乱。", "citationFull": "釋德清《道德經解》", "citationSimp": "释德清《道德经解》", "lemmaSimp": "不尚贤……使民心不乱" }, { "id": "c073", "block": 0, "source": "hanshan", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s007" }, "lemma": "虛其心……則無不治", "kind": "note", "text": "然利，假物也；人以隋珠為重寶，以之投雀，則飛而去之。色，妖態也；人以西施為美色，麋鹿則見而驟之。名，虛聲也；人以崇高為貴名，許由則避而遠之。食，爽味也；人以太牢為珍羞，海鳥則觴而悲之。是則財色名食，本無可欲，而人欲之者，蓋由人心妄想思慮之過也。是以聖人之治，教人先斷妄想思慮之心，此則拔本塞源，故曰虛其心；然後使民安飽自足，心無外慕，故曰實其腹。然而人心剛強好爭者，蓋因外物誘之而起奔競之志也：故小人雞鳴而起，孳孳為利；君子雞鳴而起，孳孳為名，此強志也。然民既安飽自足，而在上者則以清靜自正，不可以聲色貨利外誘民心，則民自絕貪求，不起奔競之志，其志自弱，故曰弱其志。民既無求，則使之鑿井而飲、耕田而食，自食其力，故曰強其骨。如此則常使民不識不知，而全不知聲色貨利之可欲，而自然無欲矣，故曰常使民無知無欲。縱然間有一二黠滑之徒，雖知功利之可欲，亦不敢有妄為攘奪之心矣，故曰使夫知者不敢為也。如上所言，乃不言之教、無為之事也，人君苟能體此而行以治天下，則天下無不治者矣，故結之曰：為無為，則無不治。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "釋德清《道德經解》", "textSimp": "然利，假物也；人以隋珠为重宝，以之投雀，则飞而去之。色，妖态也；人以西施为美色，麋鹿则见而骤之。名，虚声也；人以崇高为贵名，许由则避而远之。食，爽味也；人以太牢为珍羞，海鸟则觞而悲之。是则财色名食，本无可欲，而人欲之者，盖由人心妄想思虑之过也。是以圣人之治，教人先断妄想思虑之心，此则拔本塞源，故曰虚其心；然后使民安饱自足，心无外慕，故曰实其腹。然而人心刚强好争者，盖因外物诱之而起奔竞之志也：故小人鸡鸣而起，孳孳为利；君子鸡鸣而起，孳孳为名，此强志也。然民既安饱自足，而在上者则以清静自正，不可以声色货利外诱民心，则民自绝贪求，不起奔竞之志，其志自弱，故曰弱其志。民既无求，则使之凿井而饮、耕田而食，自食其力，故曰强其骨。如此则常使民不识不知，而全不知声色货利之可欲，而自然无欲矣，故曰常使民无知无欲。纵然间有一二黠滑之徒，虽知功利之可欲，亦不敢有妄为攘夺之心矣，故曰使夫知者不敢为也。如上所言，乃不言之教、无为之事也，人君苟能体此而行以治天下，则天下无不治者矣，故结之曰：为无为，则无不治。", "citationFull": "釋德清《道德經解》", "citationSimp": "释德清《道德经解》", "lemmaSimp": "虚其心……则无不治" }, { "id": "c074", "block": 0, "source": "weiyuan", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s007" }, "lemma": "第三章", "kind": "note", "text": "老子，救世之書也，故首二章統言宗旨，此遂以太古之治矯末世之弊。夫世之不治，以有為亂之也；有為由於有欲，有欲由於有知。日啟其無涯之知，而後節其無涯之欲，是濫觴江河而徐以一葦障之也。太上未嘗自謂有知，未嘗見有可欲，故其治世也亦然。所謂賢者，專指瑰材畸行而言。蓋君子好名，小人好利，賢與貨皆可欲之具。是故人以相賢為尚，則民恥不若而至於爭；貨以難得為貴，則民病其無而至於盜，皆由見可欲耳。治世人尚純樸，無事乎以賢知勝人；物取養人，無貴乎難得而無用。則賢與不賢同用，難得與易得等視，民不至見之以亂其心，而爭盜之原絕矣。夫民心之不虛者，以其有可尚、可貴、可欲之事也；志之不弱者，以其有爭盜悖亂之萌也。今既心無外慕而虛矣，則腹雖實而含哺鼓腹，目無所紛其心；志無忿競而弱矣，則骨雖強而精足筋完，自無所逞其力。蓋道以虛為體、以弱為用，無事乎實與強也，故可實者惟腹而已，可強者惟骨而已。以虛弱為心志，而置強實於無用之地，則其心志常無知無欲矣。無知無欲則無為，縱有聰明知識者出，欲有所作為，而自不敢為。無為之為，民返於樸而不自知，夫安有不治哉？張氏爾岐謂心腹志骨四者皆借喻也：聖人之治，於華豔之事則務空之，於質樸之業則務充之，於爭競之端則務塞之，於自玄之實則務崇之，使民無知而不生分別之見、無欲而不起貪得之心，其說亦通。至後世養生家亦借四者為說，則舛矣。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "老子，救世之书也，故首二章统言宗旨，此遂以太古之治矫末世之弊。夫世之不治，以有为乱之也；有为由于有欲，有欲由于有知。日启其无涯之知，而后节其无涯之欲，是滥觞江河而徐以一苇障之也。太上未尝自谓有知，未尝见有可欲，故其治世也亦然。所谓贤者，专指瑰材畸行而言。盖君子好名，小人好利，贤与货皆可欲之具。是故人以相贤为尚，则民耻不若而至于争；货以难得为贵，则民病其无而至于盗，皆由见可欲耳。治世人尚纯朴，无事乎以贤知胜人；物取养人，无贵乎难得而无用。则贤与不贤同用，难得与易得等视，民不至见之以乱其心，而争盗之原绝矣。夫民心之不虚者，以其有可尚、可贵、可欲之事也；志之不弱者，以其有争盗悖乱之萌也。今既心无外慕而虚矣，则腹虽实而含哺鼓腹，目无所纷其心；志无忿竞而弱矣，则骨虽强而精足筋完，自无所逞其力。盖道以虚为体、以弱为用，无事乎实与强也，故可实者惟腹而已，可强者惟骨而已。以虚弱为心志，而置强实于无用之地，则其心志常无知无欲矣。无知无欲则无为，纵有聪明知识者出，欲有所作为，而自不敢为。无为之为，民返于朴而不自知，夫安有不治哉？张氏尔岐谓心腹志骨四者皆借喻也：圣人之治，于华艳之事则务空之，于质朴之业则务充之，于争竞之端则务塞之，于自玄之实则务崇之，使民无知而不生分别之见、无欲而不起贪得之心，其说亦通。至后世养生家亦借四者为说，则舛矣。", "citationFull": "魏源《老子本義》", "citationSimp": "魏源《老子本义》", "lemmaSimp": "第三章" }, { "id": "c075", "block": 0, "source": "wangfuzhi", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s007" }, "lemma": "第三章", "kind": "evaluation", "text": "「爭」未必起於「賢」，「盜」未必因於「難得之貨」，「心」未必「亂」於「見可欲」。萬物塊處而夢妄作，我之神與形無以自平，則木與木相鑽而熱生，水與水相激而漚生；而又為以治之，則其生不息。故陽火進，而既進之位，虛以召陰；陰符退，而所退之物，遊以犯陽。夫不有其反焉者乎？「虛」者歸「心」，「實」者歸「腹」，「弱」者歸「志」，「強」者歸「骨」，四數各有歸而得其樂土，則我不往而治矣。夫使之歸者，「誰氏」之子？而執其命者何時也？此可以知爭哉，而不知者不與於此。故聖人內以之治身，外以之治世。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "王夫之《老子衍》", "textSimp": "「争」未必起于「贤」，「盗」未必因于「难得之货」，「心」未必「乱」于「见可欲」。万物块处而梦妄作，我之神与形无以自平，则木与木相钻而热生，水与水相激而沤生；而又为以治之，则其生不息。故阳火进，而既进之位，虚以召阴；阴符退，而所退之物，游以犯阳。夫不有其反焉者乎？「虚」者归「心」，「实」者归「腹」，「弱」者归「志」，「强」者归「骨」，四数各有归而得其乐土，则我不往而治矣。夫使之归者，「谁氏」之子？而执其命者何时也？此可以知争哉，而不知者不与于此。故圣人内以之治身，外以之治世。", "citationFull": "王夫之《老子衍》", "citationSimp": "王夫之《老子衍》", "lemmaSimp": "第三章" }, { "id": "c076", "block": 0, "source": "wangfuzhi", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "虛其心……強其骨", "kind": "note", "text": "虛其心，以無用用無；實其腹，以有用用有；弱其志，善入萬物；強其骨，植之以俟。", "authorNote": "夾注", "citation": "王夫之《老子衍》", "textSimp": "虚其心，以无用用无；实其腹，以有用用有；弱其志，善入万物；强其骨，植之以俟。", "citationFull": "王夫之《老子衍》（夾注）", "citationSimp": "王夫之《老子衍》", "authorNoteSimp": "夹注", "lemmaSimp": "虚其心……强其骨" } ], "charNotes": [ { "id": "n001", "sentenceId": "s001", "start": 1, "end": 2, "char": "尚", "charSimp": "尚", "startSimp": 1, "endSimp": 2, "pinyin": "shàng", "gloss": "尊崇、推崇。", "glossSimp": "尊崇、推崇。", "general": "河上公注：「不尚者，不貴之以祿，不尊之以官也。」吳澄注：「尚謂尊崇之。」", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「不尚者，不贵之以禄，不尊之以官也。」吴澄注：「尚谓尊崇之。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "吳澄注" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "吴澄注" ] }, { "id": "n002", "sentenceId": "s001", "start": 2, "end": 3, "char": "賢", "charSimp": "贤", "startSimp": 2, "endSimp": 3, "pinyin": "xián", "gloss": "有才能、有德行的人；此處指以賢名相標榜。", "glossSimp": "有才能、有德行的人；此处指以贤名相标榜。", "general": "王弼注：「賢，猶能也。」河上公謂「世俗之賢」，成玄英謂「非謂君王不尚賢人」。", "generalSimp": "王弼注：「贤，犹能也。」河上公谓「世俗之贤」，成玄英谓「非谓君王不尚贤人」。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "王弼注", "河上公注", "成玄英疏" ], "refsSimp": [ "王弼注", "河上公注", "成玄英疏" ] }, { "id": "n003", "sentenceId": "s002", "start": 1, "end": 2, "char": "貴", "charSimp": "贵", "startSimp": 1, "endSimp": 2, "pinyin": "guì", "gloss": "珍視、以之為貴。", "glossSimp": "珍视、以之为贵。", "general": "王弼注：「貴者，隆之稱也。」吳澄注：「貴謂寶重之。」", "generalSimp": "王弼注：「贵者，隆之称也。」吴澄注：「贵谓宝重之。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "王弼注", "吳澄注" ], "refsSimp": [ "王弼注", "吴澄注" ] }, { "id": "n004", "sentenceId": "s002", "start": 2, "end": 6, "char": "難得之貨", "charSimp": "难得之货", "startSimp": 2, "endSimp": 6, "pinyin": "nán dé zhī huò", "gloss": "稀有難得的財貨。", "glossSimp": "稀有难得的财货。", "general": "唐玄宗注：「謂性分所無者，求不可得，故云難得。」成玄英疏舉隋珠、荆璧、垂棘、照車為說。", "generalSimp": "唐玄宗注：「谓性分所无者，求不可得，故云难得。」成玄英疏举隋珠、荆璧、垂棘、照车为说。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "唐玄宗注", "成玄英疏" ], "refsSimp": [ "唐玄宗注", "成玄英疏" ] }, { "id": "n005", "sentenceId": "s003", "start": 1, "end": 2, "char": "見", "charSimp": "见", "startSimp": 1, "endSimp": 2, "pinyin": "xiàn", "gloss": "同「現」，顯露、示人。", "glossSimp": "同「现」，显露、示人。", "general": "吳澄注：「見猶示也。」陸德明《經典釋文》作賢遍切。", "generalSimp": "吴澄注：「见犹示也。」陆德明《经典释文》作贤遍切。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "吳澄注" ], "refsSimp": [ "吴澄注" ] }, { "id": "n006", "sentenceId": "s003", "start": 2, "end": 4, "char": "可欲", "charSimp": "可欲", "startSimp": 2, "endSimp": 4, "pinyin": "kě yù", "gloss": "足以引起貪求的事物。", "glossSimp": "足以引起贪求的事物。", "general": "成玄英疏：「即是世間一切前境色聲等法可貪求染愛之物也。」", "generalSimp": "成玄英疏：「即是世间一切前境色声等法可贪求染爱之物也。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "成玄英疏" ], "refsSimp": [ "成玄英疏" ] }, { "id": "n007", "sentenceId": "s004", "start": 7, "end": 10, "char": "虛其心", "charSimp": "虚其心", "startSimp": 7, "endSimp": 10, "pinyin": "xū qí xīn", "gloss": "使人心虛靜，去除嗜欲與成見。", "glossSimp": "使人心虚静，去除嗜欲与成见。", "general": "河上公注：「除嗜欲，去煩亂。」王弼注：「虛有智而實無知也。」", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「除嗜欲，去烦乱。」王弼注：「虚有智而实无知也。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "王弼注" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "王弼注" ] }, { "id": "n008", "sentenceId": "s005", "start": 0, "end": 3, "char": "弱其志", "charSimp": "弱其志", "startSimp": 0, "endSimp": 3, "pinyin": "ruò qí zhì", "gloss": "削弱爭勝之心，使志意柔弱。", "glossSimp": "削弱争胜之心，使志意柔弱。", "general": "河上公注：「和柔謙讓，不處權也。」李榮注：「心志柔弱，順道無違。」", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「和柔谦让，不处权也。」李荣注：「心志柔弱，顺道无违。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "李榮注" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "李荣注" ] }, { "id": "n009", "sentenceId": "s006", "start": 3, "end": 7, "char": "無知無欲", "charSimp": "无知无欲", "startSimp": 3, "endSimp": 7, "pinyin": "wú zhī wú yù", "gloss": "沒有巧詐之知、貪得之欲；非謂使民愚昧。", "glossSimp": "没有巧诈之知、贪得之欲；非谓使民愚昧。", "general": "王弼注：「守其真也。」吳澄謂使民不知名利之可欲，非絕其知覺。", "generalSimp": "王弼注：「守其真也。」吴澄谓使民不知名利之可欲，非绝其知觉。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "王弼注", "吳澄注" ], "refsSimp": [ "王弼注", "吴澄注" ] }, { "id": "n010", "sentenceId": "s007", "start": 0, "end": 3, "char": "為無為", "charSimp": "为无为", "startSimp": 0, "endSimp": 3, "pinyin": "wéi wú wéi", "gloss": "以無為的方式去作為，不立名迹、不違自然。", "glossSimp": "以无为的方式去作为，不立名迹、不违自然。", "general": "河上公注：「不造作，動因循。」蘇轍謂即用三者之自然而不尚、不貴、不見。", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「不造作，动因循。」苏辙谓即用三者之自然而不尚、不贵、不见。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "蘇轍老子解" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "苏辙老子解" ] } ], "glossary": { "尚賢": "推崇賢能之名，並以爵祿官位尊顯之；非謂不用賢才。蘇轍謂聖人「未嘗不用賢，獨不尚賢耳」。", "難得之貨": "稀有難得的財貨；諸家多從性分說，謂分外妄求即為盜。", "可欲": "足以引起貪求的外物；成玄英謂一切色聲等可貪染之法。", "虛心實腹": "使人心虛靜而無貪求，腹充實而衣食足；河上公兼治身、治國說。", "弱志強骨": "削弱爭勝之志，強健自立之骨；吳澄謂四「其」字皆指民。", "無知無欲": "去巧詐之知、貪得之欲，復歸真樸；非使民愚昧無知覺。", "為無為": "不立名迹、不違自然地作為；河上公謂「不造作，動因循」。" }, "collations": [ { "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "使民心不亂", "text": "河上公本、道藏王弼本、《淮南子》無「民」字；傅奕本作「使民心」。正文從通行王弼本，異文入校記。", "source": "河上公《老子道德經章句》、王弼《老子道德經注》、《淮南子》、魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "河上公本、道藏王弼本、《淮南子》无「民」字；傅奕本作「使民心」。正文从通行王弼本，异文入校记。", "headwordSimp": "使民心不乱", "sourceSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》、王弼《老子道德经注》、《淮南子》、魏源《老子本义》", "id": "k001" }, { "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "強其骨", "text": "道藏本王弼注「骨無知以幹，志生事以亂」下無「弱其志而強其骨也」一句；《老子翼》所引作「骨無知以幹，故強之；志生事以亂，故弱之」。今從道藏本，不加補字。", "source": "王弼《老子道德經注》、焦竑《老子翼》", "textSimp": "道藏本王弼注「骨无知以干，志生事以乱」下无「弱其志而强其骨也」一句；《老子翼》所引作「骨无知以干，故强之；志生事以乱，故弱之」。今从道藏本，不加补字。", "headwordSimp": "强其骨", "sourceSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》、焦竑《老子翼》", "id": "k002" }, { "sentenceId": "s006", "headword": "常使民無知無欲", "text": "顧歡本「常使」下有「心」字；傅奕本作「常使民無知無欲」而無「也」字。正文從底本。", "source": "魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "顾欢本「常使」下有「心」字；傅奕本作「常使民无知无欲」而无「也」字。正文从底本。", "headwordSimp": "常使民无知无欲", "sourceSimp": "魏源《老子本义》", "id": "k003" }, { "sentenceId": "s006", "headword": "使夫智者不敢為也", "text": "道藏王弼本作「知者」；焦竑云一本無「敢」字；傅奕本無「也」字。正文從通行王弼本。", "source": "王弼《老子道德經注》、焦竑《老子翼》、魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "道藏王弼本作「知者」；焦竑云一本无「敢」字；傅奕本无「也」字。正文从通行王弼本。", "headwordSimp": "使夫智者不敢为也", "sourceSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》、焦竑《老子翼》、魏源《老子本义》", "id": "k004" }, { "sentenceId": "s007", "headword": "則無不治", "text": "傅奕本作「則無不為」，又「治」下有「矣」字；河上公、王弼本無「矣」。正文從底本。", "source": "魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "傅奕本作「则无不为」，又「治」下有「矣」字；河上公、王弼本无「矣」。正文从底本。", "headwordSimp": "则无不治", "sourceSimp": "魏源《老子本义》", "id": "k005" } ], "glossarySimp": { "尚贤": "推崇贤能之名，并以爵禄官位尊显之；非谓不用贤才。苏辙谓圣人「未尝不用贤，独不尚贤耳」。", "难得之货": "稀有难得的财货；诸家多从性分说，谓分外妄求即为盗。", "可欲": "足以引起贪求的外物；成玄英谓一切色声等可贪染之法。", "虚心实腹": "使人心虚静而无贪求，腹充实而衣食足；河上公兼治身、治国说。", "弱志强骨": "削弱争胜之志，强健自立之骨；吴澄谓四「其」字皆指民。", "无知无欲": "去巧诈之知、贪得之欲，复归真朴；非使民愚昧无知觉。", "为无为": "不立名迹、不违自然地作为；河上公谓「不造作，动因循」。" }, "lexicon": { "note": "由构建脚本从字词注与常用字表生成，供义位词典和开放数据集使用；occurrence 统计按繁体与简体正文分别匹配后合并。", "entries": [ { "order": 1, "id": "n001", "noteId": "n001", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "尚", "headwordSimp": "尚", "pinyin": "shàng", "gloss": "尊崇、推崇。", "glossSimp": "尊崇、推崇。", "general": "河上公注：「不尚者，不貴之以祿，不尊之以官也。」吳澄注：「尚謂尊崇之。」", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「不尚者，不贵之以禄，不尊之以官也。」吴澄注：「尚谓尊崇之。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "吳澄注" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "吴澄注" ], "forms": [ { "form": "尚", "formSimp": "尚", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 2, "id": "n002", "noteId": "n002", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "賢", "headwordSimp": "贤", "pinyin": "xián", "gloss": "有才能、有德行的人；此處指以賢名相標榜。", "glossSimp": "有才能、有德行的人；此处指以贤名相标榜。", "general": "王弼注：「賢，猶能也。」河上公謂「世俗之賢」，成玄英謂「非謂君王不尚賢人」。", "generalSimp": "王弼注：「贤，犹能也。」河上公谓「世俗之贤」，成玄英谓「非谓君王不尚贤人」。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "王弼注", "河上公注", "成玄英疏" ], "refsSimp": [ "王弼注", "河上公注", "成玄英疏" ], "forms": [ { "form": "賢", "formSimp": "贤", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 3, "id": "n003", "noteId": "n003", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "貴", "headwordSimp": "贵", "pinyin": "guì", "gloss": "珍視、以之為貴。", "glossSimp": "珍视、以之为贵。", "general": "王弼注：「貴者，隆之稱也。」吳澄注：「貴謂寶重之。」", "generalSimp": "王弼注：「贵者，隆之称也。」吴澄注：「贵谓宝重之。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "王弼注", "吳澄注" ], "refsSimp": [ "王弼注", "吴澄注" ], "forms": [ { "form": "貴", "formSimp": "贵", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 4, "id": "n004", "noteId": "n004", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "難得之貨", "headwordSimp": "难得之货", "pinyin": "nán dé zhī huò", "gloss": "稀有難得的財貨。", "glossSimp": "稀有难得的财货。", "general": "唐玄宗注：「謂性分所無者，求不可得，故云難得。」成玄英疏舉隋珠、荆璧、垂棘、照車為說。", "generalSimp": "唐玄宗注：「谓性分所无者，求不可得，故云难得。」成玄英疏举隋珠、荆璧、垂棘、照车为说。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "唐玄宗注", "成玄英疏" ], "refsSimp": [ "唐玄宗注", "成玄英疏" ], "forms": [ { "form": "難得之貨", "formSimp": "难得之货", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 5, "id": "n005", "noteId": "n005", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "見", "headwordSimp": "见", "pinyin": "xiàn", "gloss": "同「現」，顯露、示人。", "glossSimp": "同「现」，显露、示人。", "general": "吳澄注：「見猶示也。」陸德明《經典釋文》作賢遍切。", "generalSimp": "吴澄注：「见犹示也。」陆德明《经典释文》作贤遍切。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "吳澄注" ], "refsSimp": [ "吴澄注" ], "forms": [ { "form": "見", "formSimp": "见", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 6, "id": "n006", "noteId": "n006", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "可欲", "headwordSimp": "可欲", "pinyin": "kě yù", "gloss": "足以引起貪求的事物。", "glossSimp": "足以引起贪求的事物。", "general": "成玄英疏：「即是世間一切前境色聲等法可貪求染愛之物也。」", "generalSimp": "成玄英疏：「即是世间一切前境色声等法可贪求染爱之物也。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "成玄英疏" ], "refsSimp": [ "成玄英疏" ], "forms": [ { "form": "可欲", "formSimp": "可欲", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 7, "id": "n007", "noteId": "n007", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "虛其心", "headwordSimp": "虚其心", "pinyin": "xū qí xīn", "gloss": "使人心虛靜，去除嗜欲與成見。", "glossSimp": "使人心虚静，去除嗜欲与成见。", "general": "河上公注：「除嗜欲，去煩亂。」王弼注：「虛有智而實無知也。」", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「除嗜欲，去烦乱。」王弼注：「虚有智而实无知也。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "王弼注" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "王弼注" ], "forms": [ { "form": "虛其心", "formSimp": "虚其心", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 8, "id": "n008", "noteId": "n008", "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "弱其志", "headwordSimp": "弱其志", "pinyin": "ruò qí zhì", "gloss": "削弱爭勝之心，使志意柔弱。", "glossSimp": "削弱争胜之心，使志意柔弱。", "general": "河上公注：「和柔謙讓，不處權也。」李榮注：「心志柔弱，順道無違。」", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「和柔谦让，不处权也。」李荣注：「心志柔弱，顺道无违。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "李榮注" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "李荣注" ], "forms": [ { "form": "弱其志", "formSimp": "弱其志", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s005" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s005" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 9, "id": "n009", "noteId": "n009", "sentenceId": "s006", "headword": "無知無欲", "headwordSimp": "无知无欲", "pinyin": "wú zhī wú yù", "gloss": "沒有巧詐之知、貪得之欲；非謂使民愚昧。", "glossSimp": "没有巧诈之知、贪得之欲；非谓使民愚昧。", "general": "王弼注：「守其真也。」吳澄謂使民不知名利之可欲，非絕其知覺。", "generalSimp": "王弼注：「守其真也。」吴澄谓使民不知名利之可欲，非绝其知觉。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "王弼注", "吳澄注" ], "refsSimp": [ "王弼注", "吴澄注" ], "forms": [ { "form": "無知無欲", "formSimp": "无知无欲", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s006" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s006" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 10, "id": "n010", "noteId": "n010", "sentenceId": "s007", "headword": "為無為", "headwordSimp": "为无为", "pinyin": "wéi wú wéi", "gloss": "以無為的方式去作為，不立名迹、不違自然。", "glossSimp": "以无为的方式去作为，不立名迹、不违自然。", "general": "河上公注：「不造作，動因循。」蘇轍謂即用三者之自然而不尚、不貴、不見。", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「不造作，动因循。」苏辙谓即用三者之自然而不尚、不贵、不见。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "蘇轍老子解" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "苏辙老子解" ], "forms": [ { "form": "為無為", "formSimp": "为无为", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s007" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s007" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 } ], "glossaryEntries": [ { "order": 11, "id": "g001", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "尚賢", "headwordSimp": "尚贤", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "推崇賢能之名，並以爵祿官位尊顯之；非謂不用賢才。蘇轍謂聖人「未嘗不用賢，獨不尚賢耳」。", "glossSimp": "推崇贤能之名，并以爵禄官位尊显之；非谓不用贤才。苏辙谓圣人「未尝不用贤，独不尚贤耳」。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "尚賢", "formSimp": "尚贤", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 12, "id": "g002", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "難得之貨", "headwordSimp": "难得之货", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "稀有難得的財貨；諸家多從性分說，謂分外妄求即為盜。", "glossSimp": "稀有难得的财货；诸家多从性分说，谓分外妄求即为盗。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "難得之貨", "formSimp": "难得之货", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 13, "id": "g003", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "可欲", "headwordSimp": "可欲", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "足以引起貪求的外物；成玄英謂一切色聲等可貪染之法。", "glossSimp": "足以引起贪求的外物；成玄英谓一切色声等可贪染之法。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "可欲", "formSimp": "可欲", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 14, "id": "g004", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "虛心實腹", "headwordSimp": "虚心实腹", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "使人心虛靜而無貪求，腹充實而衣食足；河上公兼治身、治國說。", "glossSimp": "使人心虚静而无贪求，腹充实而衣食足；河上公兼治身、治国说。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "虛心實腹", "formSimp": "虚心实腹", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 15, "id": "g005", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "弱志強骨", "headwordSimp": "弱志强骨", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "削弱爭勝之志，強健自立之骨；吳澄謂四「其」字皆指民。", "glossSimp": "削弱争胜之志，强健自立之骨；吴澄谓四「其」字皆指民。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "弱志強骨", "formSimp": "弱志强骨", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 16, "id": "g006", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s006", "headword": "無知無欲", "headwordSimp": "无知无欲", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "去巧詐之知、貪得之欲，復歸真樸；非使民愚昧無知覺。", "glossSimp": "去巧诈之知、贪得之欲，复归真朴；非使民愚昧无知觉。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "無知無欲", "formSimp": "无知无欲", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s006" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s006" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 17, "id": "g007", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s007", "headword": "為無為", "headwordSimp": "为无为", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "不立名迹、不違自然地作為；河上公謂「不造作，動因循」。", "glossSimp": "不立名迹、不违自然地作为；河上公谓「不造作，动因循」。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "為無為", "formSimp": "为无为", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s007" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s007" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 } ] }, "relations": { "version": "1.0.0", "note": "第三章四组观念的十三家对照。河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗三家四组皆备；王弼於末句無注，嚴遵於「常使民無知無欲」一節無專文，故各有一組不列。", "concepts": [ { "id": "shangxian", "name": "尚賢、貴貨與可欲", "nameTrad": "尚賢、貴貨與可欲", "question": "「不尚賢，使民不爭」，為何不推崇賢名，反而能使民不爭？", "questionTrad": "「不尚賢，使民不爭」，為何不推崇賢名，反而能使民不爭？", "intro": "開章三句是本章的入口。河上公從「貴祿尊官」說尚賢之弊，王弼從「榮過其任」說名位之爭，成玄英以「自貴賤物」說爭忿之源，唐玄宗以「有迹徇迹」說爭興之由；嚴遵、李榮、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之則由尚禮、賞罰、性情、形迹、好名好利層層推入。諸家路數不同，都指向一點：爭盜之起不在賢貨本身，而在上位者以名位貨利示人可欲。", "introTrad": "開章三句是本章的入口。河上公從「貴祿尊官」說尚賢之弊，王弼從「榮過其任」說名位之爭，成玄英以「自貴賤物」說爭忿之源，唐玄宗以「有迹徇迹」說爭興之由；嚴遵、李榮、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之則由尚禮、賞罰、性情、形迹、好名好利層層推入。諸家路數不同，都指向一點：爭盜之起不在賢貨本身，而在上位者以名位貨利示人可欲。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "賢謂世俗之賢，不以祿位尊之；不爭功名，乃自然。", "thesisTrad": "賢謂世俗之賢，不以祿位尊之；不爭功名，乃自然。", "noteIds": [ "c001", "c002", "c003" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "贤谓世俗之贤，不以禄位尊之；不争功名，乃自然。" }, "wangbi": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "尚賢顯名，榮過其任，故爭；貴貨過用，貪者競趣，故盜。", "thesisTrad": "尚賢顯名，榮過其任，故爭；貴貨過用，貪者競趣，故盜。", "noteIds": [ "c011" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "尚贤显名，荣过其任，故争；贵货过用，贪者竞趣，故盗。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "非不用賢，學者撝謙先物後己；人人自貴賤物，則浮競互彰。", "thesisTrad": "非不用賢，學者撝謙先物後己；人人自貴賤物，則浮競互彰。", "noteIds": [ "c015", "c016", "c017" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "非不用贤，学者㧑谦先物后己；人人自贵贱物，则浮竞互彰。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "尚賢則有迹，徇迹則爭興；難得之貨求不可得，失性分則為盜。", "thesisTrad": "尚賢則有迹，徇迹則爭興；難得之貨求不可得，失性分則為盜。", "noteIds": [ "c025", "c026", "c027" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "尚贤则有迹，徇迹则争兴；难得之货求不可得，失性分则为盗。" }, "yanzun": { "workType": "指歸", "workTypeTrad": "指歸", "thesis": "世尚禮義則人爭，爭而不逮則為偽；藏珠寶玉則人求而不贍則為盜。", "thesisTrad": "世尚禮義則人爭，爭而不逮則為偽；藏珠寶玉則人求而不贍則為盜。", "noteIds": [ "c046", "c047", "c048" ], "workTypeSimp": "指归", "thesisSimp": "世尚礼义则人争，争而不逮则为伪；藏珠宝玉则人求而不赡则为盗。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "王道蕩蕩，無偏無黨；賞賢過度則驕奢，役愚越分則貧窶，忿爭由是生。", "thesisTrad": "王道蕩蕩，無偏無黨；賞賢過度則驕奢，役愚越分則貧窶，忿爭由是生。", "noteIds": [ "c053", "c054", "c055" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "王道荡荡，无偏无党；赏贤过度则骄奢，役愚越分则贫窭，忿争由是生。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "情所貴尚則物徇其欲，徇則生偽，偽則生姦；尚賢則爭奪之心萌，貴貨則盜賊之機作。", "thesisTrad": "情所貴尚則物徇其欲，徇則生偽，偽則生姦；尚賢則爭奪之心萌，貴貨則盜賊之機作。", "noteIds": [ "c061" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "情所贵尚则物徇其欲，徇则生伪，伪则生奸；尚贤则争夺之心萌，贵货则盗贼之机作。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "舉賢則民相軋，貨貴則民為盜；非遺賢棄貨，內不存諸心、外不遺其迹。", "thesisTrad": "舉賢則民相軋，貨貴則民為盜；非遺賢棄貨，內不存諸心、外不遺其迹。", "noteIds": [ "c062" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "举贤则民相轧，货贵则民为盗；非遗贤弃货，内不存诸心、外不遗其迹。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "尚賢則民恥不若而爭，貴貨則民病無有而盜，見可欲則民患不得而亂。", "thesisTrad": "尚賢則民恥不若而爭，貴貨則民病無有而盜，見可欲則民患不得而亂。", "noteIds": [ "c063" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "尚贤则民耻不若而争，贵货则民病无有而盗，见可欲则民患不得而乱。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "尚謂尊崇，貴謂寶重，見猶示；上苟尚之貴之，則民趨名求利而爭盜。", "thesisTrad": "尚謂尊崇，貴謂寶重，見猶示；上苟尚之貴之，則民趨名求利而爭盜。", "noteIds": [ "c067" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "尚谓尊崇，贵谓宝重，见犹示；上苟尚之贵之，则民趋名求利而争盗。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "尚賢好名，名為爭之端；貴貨好利，利為盜之招；皆由見名利可欲而心亂。", "thesisTrad": "尚賢好名，名為爭之端；貴貨好利，利為盜之招；皆由見名利可欲而心亂。", "noteIds": [ "c072" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "尚贤好名，名为争之端；贵货好利，利为盗之招；皆由见名利可欲而心乱。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "賢與貨皆可欲之具；以相賢為尚則恥不若而爭，以難得為貴則病其無而盜。", "thesisTrad": "賢與貨皆可欲之具；以相賢為尚則恥不若而爭，以難得為貴則病其無而盜。", "noteIds": [ "c074" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "贤与货皆可欲之具；以相贤为尚则耻不若而争，以难得为贵则病其无而盗。" }, "wangfuzhi": { "workType": "衍", "workTypeTrad": "衍", "thesis": "爭未必起於賢，盜未必因於貨，心未必亂於見可欲；神形無以自平，則爭盜生。", "thesisTrad": "爭未必起於賢，盜未必因於貨，心未必亂於見可欲；神形無以自平，則爭盜生。", "noteIds": [ "c075" ], "workTypeSimp": "衍", "thesisSimp": "争未必起于贤，盗未必因于货，心未必乱于见可欲；神形无以自平，则争盗生。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c001", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公從世俗之賢與祿位尊官說不尚賢，以不爭功名為自然。", "textTrad": "河上公從世俗之賢與祿位尊官說不尚賢，以不爭功名為自然。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公从世俗之贤与禄位尊官说不尚贤，以不争功名为自然。" }, { "noteId": "c011", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "王弼以榮過其任、貴貨過用說爭盜之源。", "textTrad": "王弼以榮過其任、貴貨過用說爭盜之源。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "王弼以荣过其任、贵货过用说争盗之源。" }, { "noteId": "c015", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英以撝謙退己、不貴尚賤物解不爭。", "textTrad": "成玄英以撝謙退己、不貴尚賤物解不爭。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英以㧑谦退己、不贵尚贱物解不争。" }, { "noteId": "c025", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "唐玄宗以尚賢有迹、徇迹爭興解不尚賢。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗以尚賢有迹、徇迹爭興解不尚賢。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "唐玄宗以尚贤有迹、徇迹争兴解不尚贤。" }, { "noteId": "c046", "relation": "指歸", "relationTrad": "指歸", "text": "嚴遵以尚禮義則爭、爭而不逮則偽立說。", "textTrad": "嚴遵以尚禮義則爭、爭而不逮則偽立說。", "relationSimp": "指归", "textSimp": "严遵以尚礼义则争、争而不逮则伪立说。" }, { "noteId": "c053", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮以王道蕩蕩、賞罰得當說無爭。", "textTrad": "李榮以王道蕩蕩、賞罰得當說無爭。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣以王道荡荡、赏罚得当说无争。" }, { "noteId": "c061", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "陸希聲以情徇其欲、偽生姦說尚賢貴貨之弊。", "textTrad": "陸希聲以情徇其欲、偽生姦說尚賢貴貨之弊。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "陆希声以情徇其欲、伪生奸说尚贤贵货之弊。" }, { "noteId": "c062", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "呂惠卿以舉賢相軋、貨貴為盜，明非遺賢棄貨。", "textTrad": "呂惠卿以舉賢相軋、貨貴為盜，明非遺賢棄貨。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "吕惠卿以举贤相轧、货贵为盗，明非遗贤弃货。" }, { "noteId": "c063", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "蘇轍以恥不若、病無有、患不得三層說爭盜亂。", "textTrad": "蘇轍以恥不若、病無有、患不得三層說爭盜亂。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "苏辙以耻不若、病无有、患不得三层说争盗乱。" }, { "noteId": "c067", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄以尊崇、寶重、示三字訓詁說名利可欲。", "textTrad": "吳澄以尊崇、寶重、示三字訓詁說名利可欲。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄以尊崇、宝重、示三字训诂说名利可欲。" }, { "noteId": "c072", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "憨山以好名好利、名利為爭盜之招說三患。", "textTrad": "憨山以好名好利、名利為爭盜之招說三患。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "憨山以好名好利、名利为争盗之招说三患。" }, { "noteId": "c074", "relation": "本義", "relationTrad": "本義", "text": "魏源以賢貨皆可欲之具，總說爭盜由見可欲。", "textTrad": "魏源以賢貨皆可欲之具，總說爭盜由見可欲。", "relationSimp": "本义", "textSimp": "魏源以贤货皆可欲之具，总说争盗由见可欲。" }, { "noteId": "c075", "relation": "衍", "relationTrad": "衍", "text": "王夫之以爭盜未必起於賢貨，歸於神形自平。", "textTrad": "王夫之以爭盜未必起於賢貨，歸於神形自平。", "relationSimp": "衍", "textSimp": "王夫之以争盗未必起于贤货，归于神形自平。" } ], "nameSimp": "尚贤、贵货与可欲", "questionSimp": "「不尚贤，使民不争」，为何不推崇贤名，反而能使民不争？", "introSimp": "开章三句是本章的入口。河上公从「贵禄尊官」说尚贤之弊，王弼从「荣过其任」说名位之争，成玄英以「自贵贱物」说争忿之源，唐玄宗以「有迹徇迹」说争兴之由；严遵、李荣、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之则由尚礼、赏罚、性情、形迹、好名好利层层推入。诸家路数不同，都指向一点：争盗之起不在贤货本身，而在上位者以名位货利示人可欲。" }, { "id": "xushi", "name": "虛心實腹與弱志強骨", "nameTrad": "虛心實腹與弱志強骨", "question": "「虛其心，實其腹，弱其志，強其骨」，四者為何兩兩相對？", "questionTrad": "「虛其心，實其腹，弱其志，強其骨」，四者為何兩兩相對？", "intro": "四句是本章的治術核心。河上公以除嗜欲、懷道抱一、和柔謙讓、愛精重施分釋，王弼以「虛有智而實無知」總說，成玄英以心境兩忘、德充於內、柔弱退己、動不傷性層層推進，唐玄宗以「心不為可欲所亂則虛」立說；嚴遵、李榮、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之則或就治身、或就治民、或就體用，發揮四者相成之義。諸家都強調：虛弱其心志，正所以實強其腹骨，並非一概削弱百姓。", "introTrad": "四句是本章的治術核心。河上公以除嗜欲、懷道抱一、和柔謙讓、愛精重施分釋，王弼以「虛有智而實無知」總說，成玄英以心境兩忘、德充於內、柔弱退己、動不傷性層層推進，唐玄宗以「心不為可欲所亂則虛」立說；嚴遵、李榮、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之則或就治身、或就治民、或就體用，發揮四者相成之義。諸家都強調：虛弱其心志，正所以實強其腹骨，並非一概削弱百姓。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "虛心除嗜欲去煩亂，實腹懷道抱一守五神；弱志和柔謙讓不處權，強骨愛精重施髓滿骨堅。", "thesisTrad": "虛心除嗜欲去煩亂，實腹懷道抱一守五神；弱志和柔謙讓不處權，強骨愛精重施髓滿骨堅。", "noteIds": [ "c004", "c005", "c006", "c007" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "虚心除嗜欲去烦乱，实腹怀道抱一守五神；弱志和柔谦让不处权，强骨爱精重施髓满骨坚。" }, "wangbi": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "心懷智而腹懷食，虛有智而實無知；骨無知以幹，志生事以亂。", "thesisTrad": "心懷智而腹懷食，虛有智而實無知；骨無知以幹，志生事以亂。", "noteIds": [ "c012" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "心怀智而腹怀食，虚有智而实无知；骨无知以干，志生事以乱。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "外無可欲之境，內無能欲之心，心境兩忘；德充於內，柔弱退己，動不傷性。", "thesisTrad": "外無可欲之境，內無能欲之心，心境兩忘；德充於內，柔弱退己，動不傷性。", "noteIds": [ "c018", "c019", "c020", "c021" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "外无可欲之境，内无能欲之心，心境两忘；德充于内，柔弱退己，动不伤性。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "心不為可欲所亂則虛，道德內充則實；心虛則志弱，腹實則骨強。", "thesisTrad": "心不為可欲所亂則虛，道德內充則實；心虛則志弱，腹實則骨強。", "noteIds": [ "c028", "c029", "c030", "c031" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "心不为可欲所乱则虚，道德内充则实；心虚则志弱，腹实则骨强。" }, "yanzun": { "workType": "指歸", "workTypeTrad": "指歸", "thesis": "虛心以靜氣，專精以積神，寂然無為，泊然無治。", "thesisTrad": "虛心以靜氣，專精以積神，寂然無為，泊然無治。", "noteIds": [ "c049", "c050", "c051" ], "workTypeSimp": "指归", "thesisSimp": "虚心以静气，专精以积神，寂然无为，泊然无治。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "除嗜欲、絕是非、遺萬慮、存真一；道實於懷，德充於內；心志柔弱，得成仙骨自強。", "thesisTrad": "除嗜欲、絕是非、遺萬慮、存真一；道實於懷，德充於內；心志柔弱，得成仙骨自強。", "noteIds": [ "c056", "c057", "c058", "c059" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "除嗜欲、绝是非、遗万虑、存真一；道实于怀，德充于内；心志柔弱，得成仙骨自强。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "散有餘之貨以虛貪盜之欲心，糞蕪之田以實饑民之腹胃；不尚爭能之賢以弱志，不勞兵役之力以強骨。", "thesisTrad": "散有餘之貨以虛貪盜之欲心，糞蕪之田以實饑民之腹胃；不尚爭能之賢以弱志，不勞兵役之力以強骨。", "noteIds": [ "c061" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "散有余之货以虚贪盗之欲心，粪芜之田以实饥民之腹胃；不尚争能之贤以弱志，不劳兵役之力以强骨。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "心藏神而腹為心宅，虛心則神不虧而腹實；腎藏志而骨為腎餘，弱志則精不搖而骨強。", "thesisTrad": "心藏神而腹為心宅，虛心則神不虧而腹實；腎藏志而骨為腎餘，弱志則精不搖而骨強。", "noteIds": [ "c062" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "心藏神而腹为心宅，虚心则神不亏而腹实；肾藏志而骨为肾余，弱志则精不摇而骨强。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "虛心而不害腹之實，弱志而不害骨之強；若舉而廢之，則心腹皆實而民爭，志骨皆弱而無以立。", "thesisTrad": "虛心而不害腹之實，弱志而不害骨之強；若舉而廢之，則心腹皆實而民爭，志骨皆弱而無以立。", "noteIds": [ "c064" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "虚心而不害腹之实，弱志而不害骨之强；若举而废之，则心腹皆实而民争，志骨皆弱而无以立。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "四「其」字皆指民：虛心使不知利之可貴，實腹使足食，弱志使不知名之可尚，強骨使勉力自強。", "thesisTrad": "四「其」字皆指民：虛心使不知利之可貴，實腹使足食，弱志使不知名之可尚，強骨使勉力自強。", "noteIds": [ "c068" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "四「其」字皆指民：虚心使不知利之可贵，实腹使足食，弱志使不知名之可尚，强骨使勉力自强。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "先斷妄想思慮之心，使民安飽自足，不起奔競之志，自食其力。", "thesisTrad": "先斷妄想思慮之心，使民安飽自足，不起奔競之志，自食其力。", "noteIds": [ "c073" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "先断妄想思虑之心，使民安饱自足，不起奔竞之志，自食其力。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "道以虛為體、以弱為用；心無外慕而虛，腹雖實而含哺鼓腹；志無忿競而弱，骨雖強而精足筋完。", "thesisTrad": "道以虛為體、以弱為用；心無外慕而虛，腹雖實而含哺鼓腹；志無忿競而弱，骨雖強而精足筋完。", "noteIds": [ "c074" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "道以虚为体、以弱为用；心无外慕而虚，腹虽实而含哺鼓腹；志无忿竞而弱，骨虽强而精足筋完。" }, "wangfuzhi": { "workType": "衍", "workTypeTrad": "衍", "thesis": "虛者歸心，實者歸腹，弱者歸志，強者歸骨；四數各有歸而得其樂土，則我不往而治。", "thesisTrad": "虛者歸心，實者歸腹，弱者歸志，強者歸骨；四數各有歸而得其樂土，則我不往而治。", "noteIds": [ "c075", "c076" ], "workTypeSimp": "衍", "thesisSimp": "虚者归心，实者归腹，弱者归志，强者归骨；四数各有归而得其乐土，则我不往而治。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c004", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公以除嗜欲、去煩亂釋虛心，以懷道抱一釋實腹。", "textTrad": "河上公以除嗜欲、去煩亂釋虛心，以懷道抱一釋實腹。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公以除嗜欲、去烦乱释虚心，以怀道抱一释实腹。" }, { "noteId": "c012", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "王弼以虛有智而實無知、骨無知而志生亂總說四句。", "textTrad": "王弼以虛有智而實無知、骨無知而志生亂總說四句。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "王弼以虚有智而实无知、骨无知而志生乱总说四句。" }, { "noteId": "c018", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英以心境兩忘、即心無心釋虛心。", "textTrad": "成玄英以心境兩忘、即心無心釋虛心。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英以心境两忘、即心无心释虚心。" }, { "noteId": "c028", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "唐玄宗以心不為可欲所亂則虛、道德內充則實立說。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗以心不為可欲所亂則虛、道德內充則實立說。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "唐玄宗以心不为可欲所乱则虚、道德内充则实立说。" }, { "noteId": "c049", "relation": "指歸", "relationTrad": "指歸", "text": "嚴遵以虛心靜氣、專精積神說虛實二句。", "textTrad": "嚴遵以虛心靜氣、專精積神說虛實二句。", "relationSimp": "指归", "textSimp": "严遵以虚心静气、专精积神说虚实二句。" }, { "noteId": "c056", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮以除嗜欲、絕是非、存真一釋虛心。", "textTrad": "李榮以除嗜欲、絕是非、存真一釋虛心。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣以除嗜欲、绝是非、存真一释虚心。" }, { "noteId": "c061", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "陸希聲以散貨實腹、弱志強骨說聖人治民之術。", "textTrad": "陸希聲以散貨實腹、弱志強骨說聖人治民之術。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "陆希声以散货实腹、弱志强骨说圣人治民之术。" }, { "noteId": "c062", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "呂惠卿以心宅神、腎藏志說虛心弱志與腹實骨強相成。", "textTrad": "呂惠卿以心宅神、腎藏志說虛心弱志與腹實骨強相成。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "吕惠卿以心宅神、肾藏志说虚心弱志与腹实骨强相成。" }, { "noteId": "c064", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "蘇轍以虛心不害腹實、弱志不害骨強，駁舉而廢之之惑。", "textTrad": "蘇轍以虛心不害腹實、弱志不害骨強，駁舉而廢之之惑。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "苏辙以虚心不害腹实、弱志不害骨强，驳举而废之之惑。" }, { "noteId": "c068", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄以四「其」字指民，分說虛實弱強皆是使民。", "textTrad": "吳澄以四「其」字指民，分說虛實弱強皆是使民。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄以四「其」字指民，分说虚实弱强皆是使民。" }, { "noteId": "c073", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "憨山以先斷妄想、安飽自足、自食其力說四句。", "textTrad": "憨山以先斷妄想、安飽自足、自食其力說四句。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "憨山以先断妄想、安饱自足、自食其力说四句。" }, { "noteId": "c074", "relation": "本義", "relationTrad": "本義", "text": "魏源以道虛弱為體用，說心虛腹實、志弱骨強。", "textTrad": "魏源以道虛弱為體用，說心虛腹實、志弱骨強。", "relationSimp": "本义", "textSimp": "魏源以道虚弱为体用，说心虚腹实、志弱骨强。" }, { "noteId": "c075", "relation": "衍", "relationTrad": "衍", "text": "王夫之以四數各歸其樂土，說我不往而治。", "textTrad": "王夫之以四數各歸其樂土，說我不往而治。", "relationSimp": "衍", "textSimp": "王夫之以四数各归其乐土，说我不往而治。" } ], "nameSimp": "虚心实腹与弱志强骨", "questionSimp": "「虚其心，实其腹，弱其志，强其骨」，四者为何两两相对？", "introSimp": "四句是本章的治术核心。河上公以除嗜欲、怀道抱一、和柔谦让、爱精重施分释，王弼以「虚有智而实无知」总说，成玄英以心境两忘、德充于内、柔弱退己、动不伤性层层推进，唐玄宗以「心不为可欲所乱则虚」立说；严遵、李荣、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之则或就治身、或就治民、或就体用，发挥四者相成之义。诸家都强调：虚弱其心志，正所以实强其腹骨，并非一概削弱百姓。" }, { "id": "wuzhi", "name": "無知無欲與智者不敢為", "nameTrad": "無知無欲與智者不敢為", "question": "「常使民無知無欲」，是老子的愚民之術嗎？", "questionTrad": "「常使民無知無欲」，是老子的愚民之術嗎？", "intro": "這兩句最易被讀作愚民。河上公以「反樸守淳」解之，王弼以「守其真」解之，成玄英以「先遣有欲、後遣無欲」的雙遣說之，唐玄宗以「清靜化人」說之；李榮、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之則分別從上化下從、性正情、心腹志骨、澹乎無欲、名利之知、妄想思慮、無涯之知等角度說明：所去者是巧詐貪求之知欲，不是百姓本有的知覺。嚴遵此節無專文，故不列。", "introTrad": "這兩句最易被讀作愚民。河上公以「反樸守淳」解之，王弼以「守其真」解之，成玄英以「先遣有欲、後遣無欲」的雙遣說之，唐玄宗以「清靜化人」說之；李榮、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之則分別從上化下從、性正情、心腹志骨、澹乎無欲、名利之知、妄想思慮、無涯之知等角度說明：所去者是巧詐貪求之知欲，不是百姓本有的知覺。嚴遵此節無專文，故不列。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "反樸守淳；思慮深，不輕言。", "thesisTrad": "反樸守淳；思慮深，不輕言。", "noteIds": [ "c008", "c009" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "反朴守淳；思虑深，不轻言。" }, "wangbi": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "常使民無知無欲，守其真也；知者謂知為也。", "thesisTrad": "常使民無知無欲，守其真也；知者謂知為也。", "noteIds": [ "c013", "c014" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "常使民无知无欲，守其真也；知者谓知为也。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "知者分別之名，欲者貪求之目；先遣有欲，後遣無欲，雙遣二邊。", "thesisTrad": "知者分別之名，欲者貪求之目；先遣有欲，後遣無欲，雙遣二邊。", "noteIds": [ "c022", "c023" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "知者分别之名，欲者贪求之目；先遣有欲，后遣无欲，双遣二边。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "常使無爭尚之知、無貪求之欲；有知者漸陶淳化，不敢徇迹貪求。", "thesisTrad": "常使無爭尚之知、無貪求之欲；有知者漸陶淳化，不敢徇迹貪求。", "noteIds": [ "c032", "c033", "c043", "c044" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "常使无争尚之知、无贪求之欲；有知者渐陶淳化，不敢徇迹贪求。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "上扇無為之風，下行淳樸之化，上下皆安，則無不化之化。", "thesisTrad": "上扇無為之風，下行淳樸之化，上下皆安，則無不化之化。", "noteIds": [ "c060" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "上扇无为之风，下行淳朴之化，上下皆安，则无不化之化。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "常使民無知於知、無欲於欲；雖有知其貴尚者，亦不果於所行。", "thesisTrad": "常使民無知於知、無欲於欲；雖有知其貴尚者，亦不果於所行。", "noteIds": [ "c061" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "常使民无知于知、无欲于欲；虽有知其贵尚者，亦不果于所行。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "虛心腹實則常使民無知，弱志骨強則常使民無欲；智者知為之非利，故不敢為。", "thesisTrad": "虛心腹實則常使民無知，弱志骨強則常使民無欲；智者知為之非利，故不敢為。", "noteIds": [ "c062" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "虚心腹实则常使民无知，弱志骨强则常使民无欲；智者知为之非利，故不敢为。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "不以三者衒之，則民不知所慕，澹乎其無欲，雖有智者無所用巧。", "thesisTrad": "不以三者衒之，則民不知所慕，澹乎其無欲，雖有智者無所用巧。", "noteIds": [ "c065" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "不以三者衒之，则民不知所慕，澹乎其无欲，虽有智者无所用巧。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "使民無所知，不知名利之可欲；縱有知之者，亦不敢為爭盜。", "thesisTrad": "使民無所知，不知名利之可欲；縱有知之者，亦不敢為爭盜。", "noteIds": [ "c069", "c070" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "使民无所知，不知名利之可欲；纵有知之者，亦不敢为争盗。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "常使民不識不知，全不知聲色貨利之可欲；縱有黠滑之徒，亦不敢妄為。", "thesisTrad": "常使民不識不知，全不知聲色貨利之可欲；縱有黠滑之徒，亦不敢妄為。", "noteIds": [ "c073" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "常使民不识不知，全不知声色货利之可欲；纵有黠滑之徒，亦不敢妄为。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "日啟無涯之知而後節無涯之欲，是濫觴江河而徐以一葦障之；無知無欲則無為。", "thesisTrad": "日啟無涯之知而後節無涯之欲，是濫觴江河而徐以一葦障之；無知無欲則無為。", "noteIds": [ "c074" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "日启无涯之知而后节无涯之欲，是滥觞江河而徐以一苇障之；无知无欲则无为。" }, "wangfuzhi": { "workType": "衍", "workTypeTrad": "衍", "thesis": "不知者不與於此；聖人內以治身，外以治世。", "thesisTrad": "不知者不與於此；聖人內以治身，外以治世。", "noteIds": [ "c075" ], "workTypeSimp": "衍", "thesisSimp": "不知者不与于此；圣人内以治身，外以治世。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c008", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公以反樸守淳、思慮深不輕言釋無知無欲。", "textTrad": "河上公以反樸守淳、思慮深不輕言釋無知無欲。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公以反朴守淳、思虑深不轻言释无知无欲。" }, { "noteId": "c013", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "王弼以守其真、知者謂知為釋之。", "textTrad": "王弼以守其真、知者謂知為釋之。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "王弼以守其真、知者谓知为释之。" }, { "noteId": "c022", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英以息分別、捨貪求，進而雙遣有欲無欲。", "textTrad": "成玄英以息分別、捨貪求，進而雙遣有欲無欲。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英以息分别、舍贪求，进而双遣有欲无欲。" }, { "noteId": "c032", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "唐玄宗以無爭尚之知、無貪求之欲說無知無欲。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗以無爭尚之知、無貪求之欲說無知無欲。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "唐玄宗以无争尚之知、无贪求之欲说无知无欲。" }, { "noteId": "c060", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮以上化下從、上下皆安說無不化之化。", "textTrad": "李榮以上化下從、上下皆安說無不化之化。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣以上化下从、上下皆安说无不化之化。" }, { "noteId": "c061", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "陸希聲以無知於知、無欲於欲說民不果於所行。", "textTrad": "陸希聲以無知於知、無欲於欲說民不果於所行。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "陆希声以无知于知、无欲于欲说民不果于所行。" }, { "noteId": "c062", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "呂惠卿以心腹志骨四者相成，說民無知無欲。", "textTrad": "呂惠卿以心腹志骨四者相成，說民無知無欲。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "吕惠卿以心腹志骨四者相成，说民无知无欲。" }, { "noteId": "c065", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "蘇轍以不衒三者、民無所慕說智者無所用巧。", "textTrad": "蘇轍以不衒三者、民無所慕說智者無所用巧。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "苏辙以不衒三者、民无所慕说智者无所用巧。" }, { "noteId": "c069", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄以使民不知名利可欲說無知無欲。", "textTrad": "吳澄以使民不知名利可欲說無知無欲。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄以使民不知名利可欲说无知无欲。" }, { "noteId": "c073", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "憨山以不識不知、全不知聲色貨利之可欲說之。", "textTrad": "憨山以不識不知、全不知聲色貨利之可欲說之。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "憨山以不识不知、全不知声色货利之可欲说之。" }, { "noteId": "c074", "relation": "本義", "relationTrad": "本義", "text": "魏源以無涯之知、無涯之欲相因，反證無知無欲之要。", "textTrad": "魏源以無涯之知、無涯之欲相因，反證無知無欲之要。", "relationSimp": "本义", "textSimp": "魏源以无涯之知、无涯之欲相因，反证无知无欲之要。" }, { "noteId": "c075", "relation": "衍", "relationTrad": "衍", "text": "王夫之以不知者不與、內治身外治世收束。", "textTrad": "王夫之以不知者不與、內治身外治世收束。", "relationSimp": "衍", "textSimp": "王夫之以不知者不与、内治身外治世收束。" } ], "nameSimp": "无知无欲与智者不敢为", "questionSimp": "「常使民无知无欲」，是老子的愚民之术吗？", "introSimp": "这两句最易被读作愚民。河上公以「反朴守淳」解之，王弼以「守其真」解之，成玄英以「先遣有欲、后遣无欲」的双遣说之，唐玄宗以「清静化人」说之；李荣、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之则分别从上化下从、性正情、心腹志骨、澹乎无欲、名利之知、妄想思虑、无涯之知等角度说明：所去者是巧诈贪求之知欲，不是百姓本有的知觉。严遵此节无专文，故不列。" }, { "id": "wuwei", "name": "為無為則無不治", "nameTrad": "為無為則無不治", "question": "「為無為，則無不治」，無為何以能無不治？", "questionTrad": "「為無為，則無不治」，無為何以能無不治？", "intro": "末句是一章歸宿。河上公以「不造作、動因循」說之，成玄英以「雙遣二邊、妙體一道」說之，唐玄宗以「人得其性、淳化有孚」說之；嚴遵以「無爵祿以勸、無刑罰以禁」說之，李榮以「上扇無為之風」說之，陸希聲以「用有名而體無名」說之，呂惠卿、蘇轍以「用三者之自然」說之，吳澄以「為爭為盜者皆無為之之心」說之，憨山以「不言之教、無為之事」說之，魏源以「無為之為，民返於樸」說之，王夫之以「內以治身、外以治世」說之。王弼於此句無注，故不列。諸家都指出：無為不是不動，而是不違自然、不立名迹。", "introTrad": "末句是一章歸宿。河上公以「不造作、動因循」說之，成玄英以「雙遣二邊、妙體一道」說之，唐玄宗以「人得其性、淳化有孚」說之；嚴遵以「無爵祿以勸、無刑罰以禁」說之，李榮以「上扇無為之風」說之，陸希聲以「用有名而體無名」說之，呂惠卿、蘇轍以「用三者之自然」說之，吳澄以「為爭為盜者皆無為之之心」說之，憨山以「不言之教、無為之事」說之，魏源以「無為之為，民返於樸」說之，王夫之以「內以治身、外以治世」說之。王弼於此句無注，故不列。諸家都指出：無為不是不動，而是不違自然、不立名迹。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "不造作，動因循；德化厚，百姓安。", "thesisTrad": "不造作，動因循；德化厚，百姓安。", "noteIds": [ "c010" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "不造作，动因循；德化厚，百姓安。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "雙遣二邊，妙體一道，物我齊觀，境智兩忘，以斯為治。", "thesisTrad": "雙遣二邊，妙體一道，物我齊觀，境智兩忘，以斯為治。", "noteIds": [ "c024" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "双遣二边，妙体一道，物我齐观，境智两忘，以斯为治。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "於為無為，人得其性，則淳化有孚；絕尚賢之迹，物必全真。", "thesisTrad": "於為無為，人得其性，則淳化有孚；絕尚賢之迹，物必全真。", "noteIds": [ "c034", "c045" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "于为无为，人得其性，则淳化有孚；绝尚贤之迹，物必全真。" }, "yanzun": { "workType": "指歸", "workTypeTrad": "指歸", "thesis": "無爵祿以勸而孝慈自起，無刑罰以禁而奸邪自止；反真復素，物物而治。", "thesisTrad": "無爵祿以勸而孝慈自起，無刑罰以禁而奸邪自止；反真復素，物物而治。", "noteIds": [ "c052" ], "workTypeSimp": "指归", "thesisSimp": "无爵禄以劝而孝慈自起，无刑罚以禁而奸邪自止；反真复素，物物而治。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "上扇無為之風，下行淳樸之化，上下皆安，則無不化之化。", "thesisTrad": "上扇無為之風，下行淳樸之化，上下皆安，則無不化之化。", "noteIds": [ "c060" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "上扇无为之风，下行淳朴之化，上下皆安，则无不化之化。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "用有名而體無名，則天下莫不臻於治。", "thesisTrad": "用有名而體無名，則天下莫不臻於治。", "noteIds": [ "c061" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "用有名而体无名，则天下莫不臻于治。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "用三者之自然而不尚、不貴、不見，是為無為而無不治。", "thesisTrad": "用三者之自然而不尚、不貴、不見，是為無為而無不治。", "noteIds": [ "c062" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "用三者之自然而不尚、不贵、不见，是为无为而无不治。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "即用三者之自然而不尚、不貴、不見，所謂為無為也。", "thesisTrad": "即用三者之自然而不尚、不貴、不見，所謂為無為也。", "noteIds": [ "c066" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "即用三者之自然而不尚、不贵、不见，所谓为无为也。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "為爭為盜者皆無為之之心，如此則天下無不治。", "thesisTrad": "為爭為盜者皆無為之之心，如此則天下無不治。", "noteIds": [ "c071" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "为争为盗者皆无为之之心，如此则天下无不治。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "不言之教、無為之事，人君體此以治天下，則無不治。", "thesisTrad": "不言之教、無為之事，人君體此以治天下，則無不治。", "noteIds": [ "c073" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "不言之教、无为之事，人君体此以治天下，则无不治。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "無知無欲則無為，無為之為，民返於樸而不自知。", "thesisTrad": "無知無欲則無為，無為之為，民返於樸而不自知。", "noteIds": [ "c074" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "无知无欲则无为，无为之为，民返于朴而不自知。" }, "wangfuzhi": { "workType": "衍", "workTypeTrad": "衍", "thesis": "聖人內以治身，外以治世；四數各得其歸，則我不往而治。", "thesisTrad": "聖人內以治身，外以治世；四數各得其歸，則我不往而治。", "noteIds": [ "c075" ], "workTypeSimp": "衍", "thesisSimp": "圣人内以治身，外以治世；四数各得其归，则我不往而治。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c010", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公以不造作、動因循說為無為。", "textTrad": "河上公以不造作、動因循說為無為。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公以不造作、动因循说为无为。" }, { "noteId": "c024", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英以雙遣二邊、妙體一道說無不治。", "textTrad": "成玄英以雙遣二邊、妙體一道說無不治。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英以双遣二边、妙体一道说无不治。" }, { "noteId": "c034", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "唐玄宗以人得其性、淳化有孚說為無為。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗以人得其性、淳化有孚說為無為。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "唐玄宗以人得其性、淳化有孚说为无为。" }, { "noteId": "c052", "relation": "指歸", "relationTrad": "指歸", "text": "嚴遵以無爵祿刑罰而孝慈自起、奸邪自止說之。", "textTrad": "嚴遵以無爵祿刑罰而孝慈自起、奸邪自止說之。", "relationSimp": "指归", "textSimp": "严遵以无爵禄刑罚而孝慈自起、奸邪自止说之。" }, { "noteId": "c060", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮以上扇無為之風、下行淳樸之化說之。", "textTrad": "李榮以上扇無為之風、下行淳樸之化說之。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣以上扇无为之风、下行淳朴之化说之。" }, { "noteId": "c061", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "陸希聲以用有名而體無名說天下臻治。", "textTrad": "陸希聲以用有名而體無名說天下臻治。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "陆希声以用有名而体无名说天下臻治。" }, { "noteId": "c062", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "呂惠卿以用三者之自然說為無為而無不治。", "textTrad": "呂惠卿以用三者之自然說為無為而無不治。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "吕惠卿以用三者之自然说为无为而无不治。" }, { "noteId": "c066", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "蘇轍以即用三者之自然說為無為。", "textTrad": "蘇轍以即用三者之自然說為無為。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "苏辙以即用三者之自然说为无为。" }, { "noteId": "c071", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄以為爭為盜者皆無為之之心說無不治。", "textTrad": "吳澄以為爭為盜者皆無為之之心說無不治。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄以为争为盗者皆无为之之心说无不治。" }, { "noteId": "c073", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "憨山以不言之教、無為之事說人君體此而治。", "textTrad": "憨山以不言之教、無為之事說人君體此而治。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "憨山以不言之教、无为之事说人君体此而治。" }, { "noteId": "c074", "relation": "本義", "relationTrad": "本義", "text": "魏源以無為之為、民返於樸說無不治。", "textTrad": "魏源以無為之為、民返於樸說無不治。", "relationSimp": "本义", "textSimp": "魏源以无为之为、民返于朴说无不治。" }, { "noteId": "c075", "relation": "衍", "relationTrad": "衍", "text": "王夫之以內治身、外治世、四數各歸說之。", "textTrad": "王夫之以內治身、外治世、四數各歸說之。", "relationSimp": "衍", "textSimp": "王夫之以内治身、外治世、四数各归说之。" } ], "nameSimp": "为无为则无不治", "questionSimp": "「为无为，则无不治」，无为何以能无不治？", "introSimp": "末句是一章归宿。河上公以「不造作、动因循」说之，成玄英以「双遣二边、妙体一道」说之，唐玄宗以「人得其性、淳化有孚」说之；严遵以「无爵禄以劝、无刑罚以禁」说之，李荣以「上扇无为之风」说之，陆希声以「用有名而体无名」说之，吕惠卿、苏辙以「用三者之自然」说之，吴澄以「为争为盗者皆无为之之心」说之，憨山以「不言之教、无为之事」说之，魏源以「无为之为，民返于朴」说之，王夫之以「内以治身、外以治世」说之。王弼于此句无注，故不列。诸家都指出：无为不是不动，而是不违自然、不立名迹。" } ], "requiredSources": [ "heshanggong", "chengxuanying", "tangxuanzong" ] }, "schema": "librebook.chapter/1", "generatedAt": "2026-10-30T11:41:46.837Z", "keyPrefix": "laozi-03", "idRules": { "chapter": "章节目录名（slug），如 01；URL 为 /laozi/01/。", "sentence": "章内局部编号 sNNN，全篇引用使用 laozi-01:sNNN；页面锚点继续使用 #sNNN。", "commentary": "章内注号 cNNN，字词注 nNNN，校记 kNNN；编号在章内稳定，跨章引用时加章节前缀。", "paragraph": "章内段落号 pNNN，与 sentence.paragraph 对应。" }, "book": { "id": "laozi", "slug": "laozi", "title": "老子", "titleSimp": "老子", "author": "老聃", "authorSimp": "老聃", "era": "春秋", "eraSimp": "春秋", "editor": "河上公、王弼等", "editorSimp": "河上公、王弼等", "edition": "王弼《老子注》", "editionSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "baseLabel": "王弼《老子注》", "baseLabelSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "separationLabel": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英義疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、嚴遵指歸、李榮注、陸希聲傳、呂惠卿傳、蘇轍老子解、吳澄道德真經注、憨山道德經解、魏源老子本義、俞樾平議、王夫之老子衍十四家", "separationLabelSimp": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英义疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、严遵指归、李荣注、陆希声传、吕惠卿传、苏辙老子解、吴澄道德真经注、憨山道德经解、魏源老子本义、俞樾平议、王夫之老子衍十四家", "intro": "《老子》八十一章，分道經、德經。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》為底本，逐章整理正文、舊注、今譯與校記；第一至八十一章已上線，全帙完竣。", "introSimp": "《老子》八十一章，分道经、德经。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》为底本，逐章整理正文、旧注、今译与校记；第一至八十一章已上线，全帙完竣。" }, "volume": { "id": "daojing", "order": 1, "title": "道經", "titleSimp": "道经" }, "chapter": { "id": "laozi-03", "slug": "03", "order": 3, "title": "第三章", "titleSimp": "第三章", "status": "published", "revision": "初校", "review": "待复核", "updated": "2026-10-29", "summary": "以「不尚賢」三事開篇，說尚賢、貴貨、見可欲為爭盜昏亂之源；轉出聖人虛心實腹、弱志強骨之治，終於「為無為，則無不治」；附河上公、王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、嚴遵、李榮、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之十三家注疏。", "summarySimp": "以「不尚贤」三事开篇，说尚贤、贵货、见可欲为争盗昏乱之源；转出圣人虚心实腹、弱志强骨之治，终于「为无为，则无不治」；附河上公、王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、严遵、李荣、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之十三家注疏。", "dataFile": "data/chapters/laozi-03.json", "relationsFile": "data/commentary-relations-laozi-03.json", "url": 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