{ "meta": { "book": { "id": "laozi", "title": "老子", "titleSimp": "老子", "author": "老聃", "authorSimp": "老聃", "era": "春秋", "eraSimp": "春秋", "editor": "河上公、王弼等", "editorSimp": "河上公、王弼等", "edition": "王弼《老子注》", "editionSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "slug": "laozi", "baseLabel": "王弼《老子注》", "baseLabelSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "separationLabel": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英義疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、嚴遵指歸、李榮注、陸希聲傳、呂惠卿傳、蘇轍老子解、吳澄道德真經注、憨山道德經解、魏源老子本義、俞樾平議、王夫之老子衍十四家", "separationLabelSimp": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英义疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、严遵指归、李荣注、陆希声传、吕惠卿传、苏辙老子解、吴澄道德真经注、憨山道德经解、魏源老子本义、俞樾平议、王夫之老子衍十四家", "intro": "《老子》八十一章，分道經、德經。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》為底本，逐章整理正文、舊注、今譯與校記；第一至八十一章已上線，全帙完竣。", "introSimp": "《老子》八十一章，分道经、德经。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》为底本，逐章整理正文、旧注、今译与校记；第一至八十一章已上线，全帙完竣。" }, "chapter": { "id": "laozi-04", "no": 4, "part": "道經", "partSimp": "道经", "title": "第四章", "titleSimp": "第四章", "intro": "《老子》第四章，王弼本題「道沖章」。全章六句：先以「道沖而用之或不盈」標道體虛而用不窮，繼以「淵兮似萬物之宗」說道為萬物所歸；「挫其銳，解其紛，和其光，同其塵」四句轉入修身應世，末以「湛兮似或存」「吾不知誰之子，象帝之先」結於道體深寂、先於天帝。本站以王弼《老子注》為底本，分列河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英義疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、嚴遵指歸、李榮注、陸希聲傳、呂惠卿傳、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》與王夫之《老子衍》，並附編者今譯。嚴遵於「淵兮」「湛兮」以下無專文，故相關觀念不列。", "introSimp": "《老子》第四章，王弼本题「道冲章」。全章六句：先以「道冲而用之或不盈」标道体虚而用不穷，继以「渊兮似万物之宗」说道为万物所归；「挫其锐，解其纷，和其光，同其尘」四句转入修身应世，末以「湛兮似或存」「吾不知谁之子，象帝之先」结于道体深寂、先于天帝。本站以王弼《老子注》为底本，分列河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英义疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、严遵指归、李荣注、陆希声传、吕惠卿传、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》与王夫之《老子衍》，并附编者今译。严遵于「渊兮」「湛兮」以下无专文，故相关观念不列。", "guide": "點擊任一句可展開句注；點擊字詞可看本句訓釋；按「諸家並觀」可將同一句的十三家舊注並列對讀。", "guideSimp": "点击任一句可展开句注；点击字词可看本句训释；按「诸家并观」可将同一句的十三家旧注并列对读。", "slug": "04", "order": 4, "status": "published", "revision": "初校", "review": "待复核", "updated": "2026-10-29", "summary": "以「道沖而用之或不盈」開篇，說道體虛而用不窮、似為萬物之宗；轉入挫銳解紛、和光同塵，末以「湛兮似或存」「象帝之先」收結；附河上公、王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、嚴遵、李榮、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之十三家注疏。", "summarySimp": "以「道冲而用之或不盈」开篇，说道体虚而用不穷、似为万物之宗；转入挫锐解纷、和光同尘，末以「湛兮似或存」「象帝之先」收结；附河上公、王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、严遵、李荣、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之十三家注疏。", "dataFile": "data/chapters/laozi-04.json", "relationsFile": "data/commentary-relations-laozi-04.json", "url": "/laozi/04/", "volumeId": "daojing", "volumeTitle": "道經", "volumeTitleSimp": "道经", "orderLabel": "第四" }, "edition": { "base": "王弼《老子注》", "baseEdition": "王弼《老子注》通行本", "separation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、嚴遵《道德真經指歸》、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德真經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》、王夫之《老子衍》諸本對校；陸希聲、呂惠卿二家據《道藏》本，參焦竑《老子翼》所輯", "punctuation": "數字轉錄所附現代標點，本站僅作閱讀輔助，尚未逐字復核原刻", "digital": "中華典藏網、大道家園公開轉錄、Kanripo 漢籍全文資料庫（僅作文字底本）", "caution": "《玄德纂疏》數字本訛字較多，河上公、王弼、唐玄宗御注御疏、蘇轍、吳澄、李榮、陸希聲、呂惠卿別取專本；成玄英疏、嚴遵文字經人工校正，刪除現代整理者所加校勘括號，未補缺文。憨山、魏源、王夫之據公開轉錄本校讀。", "baseSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "baseEditionSimp": "王弼《老子注》通行本", "separationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、严遵《道德真经指归》、李荣《道德真经注》、陆希声《道德真经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》、王夫之《老子衍》诸本对校；陆希声、吕惠卿二家据《道藏》本，参焦竑《老子翼》所辑", "punctuationSimp": "数字转录所附现代标点，本站仅作阅读辅助，尚未逐字复核原刻", "digitalSimp": "中华典藏网、大道家园公开转录、Kanripo 汉籍全文资料库（仅作文字底本）", "cautionSimp": "《玄德纂疏》数字本讹字较多，河上公、王弼、唐玄宗御注御疏、苏辙、吴澄、李荣、陆希声、吕惠卿别取专本；成玄英疏、严遵文字经人工校正，删除现代整理者所加校勘括号，未补缺文。憨山、魏源、王夫之据公开转录本校读。" }, "license": { "historical": "公有領域", "translation": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "code": "MIT" }, "stats": { "sentences": 6, "commentaries": 49, "charNotes": 11, "collations": 7 } }, "sources": [ { "id": "heshanggong", "name": "河上公章句", "short": "河上公", "author": "河上公", "work": "老子道德經章句", "era": "漢", "years": "傳漢文帝時", "color": "#a3542c", "desc": "分章句解，兼重治身與治國；此章以「中」釋沖，以謙虛不盈、挫銳解紛、和光同塵為修身法道。", "count": 10, "nameSimp": "河上公章句", "workSimp": "老子道德经章句", "authorSimp": "河上公", "eraSimp": "汉", "yearsSimp": "传汉文帝时", "descSimp": "分章句解，兼重治身与治国；此章以「中」释冲，以谦虚不盈、挫锐解纷、和光同尘为修身法道。", "shortSimp": "河上公" }, { "id": "wangbi", "name": "王弼注", "short": "王注", "author": "王弼", "work": "老子道德經注", "era": "曹魏", "years": "226–249", "color": "#8c5a2b", "desc": "以「無」為本，倡崇本息末；此章以「沖而用之又復不盈」說道體無窮，以「銳挫而無損」說湛然常存。", "count": 3, "nameSimp": "王弼注", "workSimp": "老子道德经注", "authorSimp": "王弼", "eraSimp": "曹魏", "yearsSimp": "226–249", "descSimp": "以「无」为本，倡崇本息末；此章以「冲而用之又复不盈」说道体无穷，以「锐挫而无损」说湛然常存。", "shortSimp": "王注" }, { "id": "chengxuanying", "name": "成玄英疏", "short": "成疏", "author": "成玄英", "work": "老子道德經義疏", "era": "唐", "years": "約 608–669", "color": "#6b7a4a", "desc": "以重玄雙遣為宗；此章以一中遣二偏、還遣一中說不盈，以韜光晦迹、處染不染說和光同塵。", "count": 6, "nameSimp": "成玄英疏", "workSimp": "老子道德经义疏", "authorSimp": "成玄英", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "约 608–669", "descSimp": "以重玄双遣为宗；此章以一中遣二偏、还遣一中说不盈，以韬光晦迹、处染不染说和光同尘。", "shortSimp": "成疏" }, { "id": "tangxuanzong", "name": "唐玄宗御注御疏", "short": "御注", "author": "李隆基", "work": "道德真經注疏", "era": "唐", "years": "685–762", "color": "#9b3d3d", "desc": "帝王御注，兼採諸家；此章以沖和之氣生成萬物而不盈滿，以道無不在、所在常無說光塵。", "count": 10, "nameSimp": "唐玄宗御注御疏", "workSimp": "道德真经注疏", "authorSimp": "李隆基", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "685–762", "descSimp": "帝王御注，兼采诸家；此章以冲和之气生成万物而不盈满，以道无不在、所在常无说光尘。", "shortSimp": "御注" }, { "id": "yanzun", "name": "嚴遵指歸", "short": "嚴指歸", "author": "嚴遵", "work": "道德真經指歸", "era": "漢", "years": "約前 83–10", "color": "#7a5c3e", "desc": "以自然、真素立說；此章以至虛至無說沖和，以中道破兩邊、病除藥遣說不盈；末二句無專文。", "count": 2, "nameSimp": "严遵指归", "workSimp": "道德真经指归", "authorSimp": "严遵", "eraSimp": "汉", "yearsSimp": "约前 83–10", "descSimp": "以自然、真素立说；此章以至虚至无说冲和，以中道破两边、病除药遣说不盈；末二句无专文。", "shortSimp": "严指归" }, { "id": "lirong", "name": "李榮注", "short": "李注", "author": "李榮", "work": "道德真經注", "era": "唐", "years": "生卒不詳", "color": "#4f6b7a", "desc": "唐初道士，以重玄遣執解《老》；此章以中道破兩邊說不盈，以海深喻道深、萬物宗奉。", "count": 6, "nameSimp": "李荣注", "workSimp": "道德真经注", "authorSimp": "李荣", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "生卒不详", "descSimp": "唐初道士，以重玄遣执解《老》；此章以中道破两边说不盈，以海深喻道深、万物宗奉。", "shortSimp": "李注" }, { "id": "luxisheng", "name": "陸希聲傳", "short": "陸傳", "author": "陸希聲", "work": "道德經傳", "era": "唐", "years": "？–895", "color": "#6a5a7a", "desc": "以情性說《老》；此章以真精為體、沖虛為用，挫俗情之鋒銳、解世故之糾紛。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "陆希声传", "workSimp": "道德经传", "authorSimp": "陆希声", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "？–895", "descSimp": "以情性说《老》；此章以真精为体、冲虚为用，挫俗情之锋锐、解世故之纠纷。", "shortSimp": "陆传" }, { "id": "lvhuiqing", "name": "呂惠卿傳", "short": "呂傳", "author": "呂惠卿", "work": "道德真經傳", "era": "北宋", "years": "1032–1111", "color": "#7a6a4a", "desc": "北宋新學一系；此章以負陰抱陽、沖氣為和說道體，以挫銳解紛、和光同塵為得道之方。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "吕惠卿传", "workSimp": "道德真经传", "authorSimp": "吕惠卿", "eraSimp": "北宋", "yearsSimp": "1032–1111", "descSimp": "北宋新学一系；此章以负阴抱阳、冲气为和说道体，以挫锐解纷、和光同尘为得道之方。", "shortSimp": "吕传" }, { "id": "suzhe", "name": "蘇轍老子解", "short": "蘇解", "author": "蘇轍", "work": "老子解", "era": "北宋", "years": "1039–1112", "color": "#4a6a6a", "desc": "以形名言道；此章以道沖然至無而無所不遍，說似不盈、似萬物之宗。", "count": 3, "nameSimp": "苏辙老子解", "workSimp": "老子解", "authorSimp": "苏辙", "eraSimp": "北宋", "yearsSimp": "1039–1112", "descSimp": "以形名言道；此章以道冲然至无而无所不遍，说似不盈、似万物之宗。", "shortSimp": "苏解" }, { "id": "wucheng", "name": "吳澄道德真經注", "short": "吳注", "author": "吳澄", "work": "道德真經注", "era": "元", "years": "1249–1333", "color": "#5a6a3a", "desc": "元代朱學大家；此章以器虛釋沖，以四「其」字分屬己物，以似或存說道體虛。", "count": 3, "nameSimp": "吴澄道德真经注", "workSimp": "道德真经注", "authorSimp": "吴澄", "eraSimp": "元", "yearsSimp": "1249–1333", "descSimp": "元代朱学大家；此章以器虚释冲，以四「其」字分属己物，以似或存说道体虚。", "shortSimp": "吴注" }, { "id": "hanshan", "name": "憨山道德經解", "short": "憨山", "author": "釋德清", "work": "道德經解", "era": "明", "years": "1546–1623", "color": "#705a4a", "desc": "晚明高僧；此章以道體至虛而充滿天地、生而不有為不宰說沖用，兼就人說挫銳解紛。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "憨山道德经解", "workSimp": "道德经解", "authorSimp": "释德清", "eraSimp": "明", "yearsSimp": "1546–1623", "descSimp": "晚明高僧；此章以道体至虚而充满天地、生而不有为不宰说冲用，兼就人说挫锐解纷。", "shortSimp": "憨山" }, { "id": "weiyuan", "name": "魏源老子本義", "short": "魏本義", "author": "魏源", "work": "老子本義", "era": "清", "years": "1794–1857", "color": "#3d5a6a", "desc": "清代今文經學家；此章以《說文》「盅，器虛也」立說，以體用一源、復乎道本為歸。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "魏源老子本义", "workSimp": "老子本义", "authorSimp": "魏源", "eraSimp": "清", "yearsSimp": "1794–1857", "descSimp": "清代今文经学家；此章以《说文》「盅，器虚也」立说，以体用一源、复乎道本为归。", "shortSimp": "魏本义" }, { "id": "wangfuzhi", "name": "船山衍", "short": "船山", "author": "王夫之", "work": "老子衍", "era": "清", "years": "1619–1692", "color": "#3f5d52", "desc": "以「兩端生於一致」解《老》；此章以「沖」受四數之歸而四數不留，說似而象之。", "count": 2, "nameSimp": "船山衍", "workSimp": "老子衍", "authorSimp": "王夫之", "eraSimp": "清", "yearsSimp": "1619–1692", "descSimp": "以「两端生于一致」解《老》；此章以「冲」受四数之归而四数不留，说似而象之。", "shortSimp": "船山" }, { "id": "translator", "name": "本站今譯", "short": "今譯", "author": "LibreBook 編者", "work": "今譯", "era": "當代", "years": "", "color": "#8a8a8a", "desc": "編者據舊注與上下文所作語體今譯，供閱讀參照。", "count": 6, "nameSimp": "本站今译", "workSimp": "今译", "authorSimp": "LibreBook 编者", "eraSimp": "当代", "yearsSimp": "", "descSimp": "编者据旧注与上下文所作语体今译，供阅读参照。", "shortSimp": "今译" } ], "sentences": [ { "id": "s001", "paragraph": 1, "text": "道沖而用之或不盈，", "textSimp": "道冲而用之或不盈，", "translation": "道像空虚的器皿，用它却不会满盈；", "translationTrad": "道像空虛的器皿，用它卻不會滿盈；", "noteIds": [ "c001", "c002", "c011", "c014", "c020", "c026", "c030", "c032", "c038", "c039", "c040", "c043", "c046", "c047", "c049" ], "noteCount": 15, "charNoteIds": [ "n001", "n002" ], "key": "laozi-04:s001", "n": 1 }, { "id": "s002", "paragraph": 1, "text": "淵兮似萬物之宗。", "textSimp": "渊兮似万物之宗。", "translation": "深远啊，它好像是万物的宗主。", "translationTrad": "深遠啊，它好像是萬物的宗主。", "noteIds": [ "c003", "c011", "c015", "c021", "c026", "c033", "c038", "c039", "c040", "c043", "c046", "c047", "c049" ], "noteCount": 13, "charNoteIds": [ "n003", "n004" ], "key": "laozi-04:s002", "n": 2 }, { "id": "s003", "paragraph": 2, "text": "挫其銳，解其紛，", "textSimp": "挫其锐，解其纷，", "translation": "磨去它的锋芒，解开它的纷乱；", "translationTrad": "磨去它的鋒芒，解開它的紛亂；", "noteIds": [ "c004", "c005", "c012", "c016", "c022", "c027", "c031", "c034", "c035", "c038", "c039", "c041", "c044", "c046", "c047", "c048", "c049" ], "noteCount": 17, "charNoteIds": [ "n005", "n006", "n007" ], "key": "laozi-04:s003", "n": 3 }, { "id": "s004", "paragraph": 2, "text": "和其光，同其塵。", "textSimp": "和其光，同其尘。", "translation": "收敛它的光耀，混同它的尘垢。", "translationTrad": "收斂它的光耀，混同它的塵垢。", "noteIds": [ "c006", "c007", "c012", "c017", "c023", "c028", "c036", "c038", "c039", "c041", "c044", "c046", "c047", "c048", "c049" ], "noteCount": 15, "charNoteIds": [ "n008", "n009" ], "key": "laozi-04:s004", "n": 4 }, { "id": "s005", "paragraph": 2, "text": "湛兮似或存。", "textSimp": "湛兮似或存。", "translation": "深沉啊，它似乎存在，又似乎不存在。", "translationTrad": "深沉啊，它似乎存在，又似乎不存在。", "noteIds": [ "c008", "c012", "c018", "c024", "c028", "c036", "c038", "c039", "c041", "c044", "c046", "c047", "c049" ], "noteCount": 13, "charNoteIds": [ "n010" ], "key": "laozi-04:s005", "n": 5 }, { "id": "s006", "paragraph": 2, "text": "吾不知誰之子，象帝之先。", "textSimp": "吾不知谁之子，象帝之先。", "translation": "我不知道它是谁所生，好像在天帝之前就已经存在。", "translationTrad": "我不知道它是誰所生，好像在天帝之前就已經存在。", "noteIds": [ "c009", "c010", "c013", "c019", "c025", "c029", "c037", "c038", "c039", "c042", "c045", "c046", "c047", "c049" ], "noteCount": 14, "charNoteIds": [ "n011" ], "key": "laozi-04:s006", "n": 6 } ], "commentaries": [ { "id": "c001", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "道沖而用之", "kind": "note", "text": "沖，中也。道匿名藏譽，其用在中。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "textSimp": "冲，中也。道匿名藏誉，其用在中。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》", "lemmaSimp": "道冲而用之" }, { "id": "c002", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "或不盈", "kind": "note", "text": "或，常也。道常謙虛不盈滿。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "textSimp": "或，常也。道常谦虚不盈满。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》", "lemmaSimp": "或不盈" }, { "id": "c003", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "淵兮似萬物之宗", "kind": "note", "text": "道淵深不可知也，似為萬物之宗祖。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "textSimp": "道渊深不可知也，似为万物之宗祖。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》", "lemmaSimp": "渊兮似万物之宗" }, { "id": "c004", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "挫其銳", "kind": "note", "text": "銳，進也。人欲銳情進取功名，當挫止之，法道不自見也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "textSimp": "锐，进也。人欲锐情进取功名，当挫止之，法道不自见也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》", "lemmaSimp": "挫其锐" }, { "id": "c005", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "解其紛", "kind": "note", "text": "紛，結恨也。當念道無為以解釋。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "textSimp": "纷，结恨也。当念道无为以解释。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》", "lemmaSimp": "解其纷" }, { "id": "c006", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "和其光", "kind": "note", "text": "言雖有獨見之明，當如暗昧，不當以曜亂人也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "textSimp": "言虽有独见之明，当如暗昧，不当以曜乱人也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》", "lemmaSimp": "和其光" }, { "id": "c007", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "同其塵", "kind": "note", "text": "當與眾庶同，不當自殊別。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "textSimp": "当与众庶同，不当自殊别。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》", "lemmaSimp": "同其尘" }, { "id": "c008", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "湛兮似或存", "kind": "note", "text": "言當湛然安靜，故能長存不亡。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "textSimp": "言当湛然安静，故能长存不亡。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》", "lemmaSimp": "湛兮似或存" }, { "id": "c009", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s006", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "吾不知誰之子", "kind": "note", "text": "老子言：我不知道所從生也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "textSimp": "老子言：我不知道所从生也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》", "lemmaSimp": "吾不知谁之子" }, { "id": "c010", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s006", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "象帝之先", "kind": "note", "text": "道自在天帝之前，此言道乃先天地生也。至今在者，以能安靜湛然，不勞煩，欲使人修身法道。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "textSimp": "道自在天帝之前，此言道乃先天地生也。至今在者，以能安静湛然，不劳烦，欲使人修身法道。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》", "lemmaSimp": "象帝之先" }, { "id": "c011", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "道沖而用之或不盈，淵兮似萬物之宗", "kind": "note", "text": "夫執一家之量者不能全家，執一國之量者不能成國，窮力舉重不能為用。故人雖知萬物治也，治而不以二儀之道則不能贍也；地雖形魄，不法於天則不能全其寧；天雖精象，不法於道則不能保其精。沖而用之，用乃不能窮；滿以造實，實來則溢。故沖而用之又復不盈，其為無窮亦已極矣。形雖大不能累其體，事雖殷不能充其量，萬物舍此而求主，主其安在乎？不亦淵兮似萬物之宗乎？", "authorNote": "", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》", "textSimp": "夫执一家之量者不能全家，执一国之量者不能成国，穷力举重不能为用。故人虽知万物治也，治而不以二仪之道则不能赡也；地虽形魄，不法于天则不能全其宁；天虽精象，不法于道则不能保其精。冲而用之，用乃不能穷；满以造实，实来则溢。故冲而用之又复不盈，其为无穷亦已极矣。形虽大不能累其体，事虽殷不能充其量，万物舍此而求主，主其安在乎？不亦渊兮似万物之宗乎？", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》", "lemmaSimp": "道冲而用之或不盈，渊兮似万物之宗" }, { "id": "c012", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "挫其銳，解其紛，和其光，同其塵，湛兮似或存", "kind": "note", "text": "銳挫而無損，紛解而不勞，和光而不汙其體，同塵而不渝其真，不亦湛兮似或存乎？", "authorNote": "", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》", "textSimp": "锐挫而无损，纷解而不劳，和光而不污其体，同尘而不渝其真，不亦湛兮似或存乎？", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》", "lemmaSimp": "挫其锐，解其纷，和其光，同其尘，湛兮似或存" }, { "id": "c013", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s006", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "吾不知誰之子，象帝之先", "kind": "note", "text": "地守其形，德不能過其載；天懷其象，德不能過其覆，天地莫能及之，不亦似帝之先乎？帝，天帝也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》", "textSimp": "地守其形，德不能过其载；天怀其象，德不能过其覆，天地莫能及之，不亦似帝之先乎？帝，天帝也。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》", "lemmaSimp": "吾不知谁之子，象帝之先" }, { "id": "c014", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "道沖而用之或不盈", "kind": "note", "text": "沖，中也。言聖人施化，為用多端，切當而言，莫先中道，故云「沖而用之」，此明以中為用也。而言「又不盈」者，盈，滿也。向以一中之道破二偏之執，既除，一中還遣；今恐執教之人住於中一，自為滿盈，言「不盈」者，即是遣中之義。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》", "textSimp": "冲，中也。言圣人施化，为用多端，切当而言，莫先中道，故云「冲而用之」，此明以中为用也。而言「又不盈」者，盈，满也。向以一中之道破二偏之执，既除，一中还遣；今恐执教之人住于中一，自为满盈，言「不盈」者，即是遣中之义。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》", "lemmaSimp": "道冲而用之或不盈" }, { "id": "c015", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "淵兮似萬物之宗", "kind": "note", "text": "淵，止水也，以況聖人也。言止水能鑒於人，聖知能照萬法，故大匠取則於止水，眾生宗極於聖人。而言「似」者，則無宗而宗，宗不定宗也。故莊子云：「人莫鑒於流波，而必鑒於止水。」又云：「止水之深為淵。」宗則大宗師義也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》", "textSimp": "渊，止水也，以况圣人也。言止水能鉴于人，圣知能照万法，故大匠取则于止水，众生宗极于圣人。而言「似」者，则无宗而宗，宗不定宗也。故庄子云：「人莫鉴于流波，而必鉴于止水。」又云：「止水之深为渊。」宗则大宗师义也。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》", "lemmaSimp": "渊兮似万物之宗" }, { "id": "c016", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "挫其銳，解其紛", "kind": "note", "text": "挫，止也；銳，進也。既重玄行足，自利道圓，為物師宗，故此下明利他也。體知物境虛幻，令進求之人息於貪競也。而言「解忿」者，忿，嗔怒也；解，釋散也。夫忿怒生乎逆順，逆順起乎妄心。聖人達逆順之兩空，體妄心之非有，故能誘導蒼生，令歸真實，釋散其懷，而破嗔癡也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》", "textSimp": "挫，止也；锐，进也。既重玄行足，自利道圆，为物师宗，故此下明利他也。体知物境虚幻，令进求之人息于贪竞也。而言「解忿」者，忿，嗔怒也；解，释散也。夫忿怒生乎逆顺，逆顺起乎妄心。圣人达逆顺之两空，体妄心之非有，故能诱导苍生，令归真实，释散其怀，而破嗔痴也。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》", "lemmaSimp": "挫其锐，解其纷" }, { "id": "c017", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "和其光，同其塵", "kind": "note", "text": "和其光，光，智照也。言聖人智慧光明，與日月齊照，而韜光晦迹，共凡智相和；聖智潛被，不曜於物，故下文云「光而不曜」。同其塵，塵則色聲等六塵也。猶如世間塵土能點穢淨物，色聲等法能汙染清行，故名為塵也。而言「同」者，夫人遭時逢世，俯迹應凡，既韜彼智光，亦混茲塵穢；色聲無別，眼耳固同，處染不染，所以為異也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》", "textSimp": "和其光，光，智照也。言圣人智慧光明，与日月齐照，而韬光晦迹，共凡智相和；圣智潜被，不曜于物，故下文云「光而不曜」。同其尘，尘则色声等六尘也。犹如世间尘土能点秽净物，色声等法能污染清行，故名为尘也。而言「同」者，夫人遭时逢世，俯迹应凡，既韬彼智光，亦混兹尘秽；色声无别，眼耳固同，处染不染，所以为异也。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》", "lemmaSimp": "和其光，同其尘" }, { "id": "c018", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "湛兮似或存", "kind": "note", "text": "湛，凝寂也；似，不定也。言聖人雖復和同光塵，而神凝姑射，動不乖寂，故云「常存」。而言「似」者，明非應非寂，而寂而應；寂不定寂，而應不定應也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》", "textSimp": "湛，凝寂也；似，不定也。言圣人虽复和同光尘，而神凝姑射，动不乖寂，故云「常存」。而言「似」者，明非应非寂，而寂而应；寂不定寂，而应不定应也。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》", "lemmaSimp": "湛兮似或存" }, { "id": "c019", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s006", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "吾不知誰之子，象帝之先", "kind": "note", "text": "吾，老君自稱也。言此即寂即應之聖道，不知從誰而生，故言「誰子」也。象，似也；帝，天也。既能生天生地，似如天帝之先也。故莊子云「神鬼神帝，生天生地」，又云「先天地生而不為老」。然至道幽玄，寂寥恍惚，不生不滅，不先不後，而今言「先」者，欲明先而不先，不先而先，故加以「象」也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》", "textSimp": "吾，老君自称也。言此即寂即应之圣道，不知从谁而生，故言「谁子」也。象，似也；帝，天也。既能生天生地，似如天帝之先也。故庄子云「神鬼神帝，生天生地」，又云「先天地生而不为老」。然至道幽玄，寂寥恍惚，不生不灭，不先不后，而今言「先」者，欲明先而不先，不先而先，故加以「象」也。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》", "lemmaSimp": "吾不知谁之子，象帝之先" }, { "id": "c020", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "道沖而用之或不盈", "kind": "note", "text": "言道動出沖和之氣，而用生成，有生成之功，曾不盈滿。云「或似」者，於道不敢正言也。", "authorNote": "御注", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "textSimp": "言道动出冲和之气，而用生成，有生成之功，曾不盈满。云「或似」者，于道不敢正言也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（御注）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》", "authorNoteSimp": "御注", "lemmaSimp": "道冲而用之或不盈" }, { "id": "c021", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "淵兮似萬物之宗", "kind": "note", "text": "淵，深靜也。道常生物而不盈滿，妙本淵兮深靜，故似為萬物宗主。", "authorNote": "御注", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "textSimp": "渊，深静也。道常生物而不盈满，妙本渊兮深静，故似为万物宗主。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（御注）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》", "authorNoteSimp": "御注", "lemmaSimp": "渊兮似万物之宗" }, { "id": "c022", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "挫其銳，解其紛", "kind": "note", "text": "道以沖和，故能抑止銛利，釋散紛擾。若俗學求復，則彌結矣。", "authorNote": "御注", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "textSimp": "道以冲和，故能抑止铦利，释散纷扰。若俗学求复，则弥结矣。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（御注）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》", "authorNoteSimp": "御注", "lemmaSimp": "挫其锐，解其纷" }, { "id": "c023", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "和其光，同其塵", "kind": "note", "text": "道無不在，所在常無。在光在塵，皆與為一；一光塵爾，而妙本非光塵也。", "authorNote": "御注", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "textSimp": "道无不在，所在常无。在光在尘，皆与为一；一光尘尔，而妙本非光尘也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（御注）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》", "authorNoteSimp": "御注", "lemmaSimp": "和其光，同其尘" }, { "id": "c024", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "湛兮似或存", "kind": "note", "text": "和光同塵，而妙本不雜，故湛兮似有所存。", "authorNote": "御注", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "textSimp": "和光同尘，而妙本不杂，故湛兮似有所存。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（御注）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》", "authorNoteSimp": "御注", "lemmaSimp": "湛兮似或存" }, { "id": "c025", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s006", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "吾不知誰之子，象帝之先", "kind": "note", "text": "吾不知道所從生，明道非生法，故無父。道者似在乎帝先爾。帝者，生物之主；象，似也。", "authorNote": "御注", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "textSimp": "吾不知道所从生，明道非生法，故无父。道者似在乎帝先尔。帝者，生物之主；象，似也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（御注）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》", "authorNoteSimp": "御注", "lemmaSimp": "吾不知谁之子，象帝之先" }, { "id": "c026", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "道沖而用之或不盈，淵兮似萬物之宗", "kind": "note", "text": "沖，虛也，謂道以沖虛為用也。夫和氣沖虛，故為道用；用生萬物，物被其功。論功則物疑其光大，語沖則道曾不盈滿，而妙本深靜，常為萬物之宗。云「或似」者，道非有法，故不正言爾，他皆放此。", "authorNote": "御疏", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "textSimp": "冲，虚也，谓道以冲虚为用也。夫和气冲虚，故为道用；用生万物，物被其功。论功则物疑其光大，语冲则道曾不盈满，而妙本深静，常为万物之宗。云「或似」者，道非有法，故不正言尔，他皆放此。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（御疏）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》", "authorNoteSimp": "御疏", "lemmaSimp": "道冲而用之或不盈，渊兮似万物之宗" }, { "id": "c027", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "挫其銳，解其紛", "kind": "note", "text": "挫，抑止也；銳，銛利也；解，釋散也；紛，多擾也。沖虛之用，物莫之違，故銛利之心、多擾之事，念道沖和，自令抑止釋散矣。此則約人以明道用。注云「俗學求復」者，《莊子·繕性篇》云「繕性於俗，俗學以求復其初」，言銛利紛擾因欲而生，故念道則挫解，俗學則彌結矣。", "authorNote": "御疏", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "textSimp": "挫，抑止也；锐，铦利也；解，释散也；纷，多扰也。冲虚之用，物莫之违，故铦利之心、多扰之事，念道冲和，自令抑止释散矣。此则约人以明道用。注云「俗学求复」者，《庄子·缮性篇》云「缮性于俗，俗学以求复其初」，言铦利纷扰因欲而生，故念道则挫解，俗学则弥结矣。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（御疏）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》", "authorNoteSimp": "御疏", "lemmaSimp": "挫其锐，解其纷" }, { "id": "c028", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "和其光，同其塵，湛兮似或存", "kind": "note", "text": "道之沖用，於物不遺：在光則與光為一，在塵則與塵為一，無所不在，所在常無。沖用則可混光塵，妙本則湛然不雜，故云「似或」也。", "authorNote": "御疏", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "textSimp": "道之冲用，于物不遗：在光则与光为一，在尘则与尘为一，无所不在，所在常无。冲用则可混光尘，妙本则湛然不杂，故云「似或」也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（御疏）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》", "authorNoteSimp": "御疏", "lemmaSimp": "和其光，同其尘，湛兮似或存" }, { "id": "c029", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s006", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "吾不知誰之子，象帝之先", "kind": "note", "text": "吾者，老君自稱。象，似也。老君云：吾見至道沖用，生成萬物，尋責所以，不測由來；既無父道之人，故莫知道為誰子。生物必資於道，故似在乎帝先。注云「帝者，生物之主」，《易》云「帝出乎震」，輔嗣云「帝者，生物之主，興益之宗」也。又解云：兆見曰象，言此生物之帝能兆見物象，故謂之象帝爾。", "authorNote": "御疏", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "textSimp": "吾者，老君自称。象，似也。老君云：吾见至道冲用，生成万物，寻责所以，不测由来；既无父道之人，故莫知道为谁子。生物必资于道，故似在乎帝先。注云「帝者，生物之主」，《易》云「帝出乎震」，辅嗣云「帝者，生物之主，兴益之宗」也。又解云：兆见曰象，言此生物之帝能兆见物象，故谓之象帝尔。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（御疏）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》", "authorNoteSimp": "御疏", "lemmaSimp": "吾不知谁之子，象帝之先" }, { "id": "c030", "block": 0, "source": "yanzun", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "道沖而用之或不盈", "kind": "note", "text": "道以至虛，故動能至沖；德以至無，故動而至和。萬物得之，莫有不通。沖和者，道德之用，神明之常，天地所尊，陰陽所宗也。夫道非偏物，用必在中。天道惡盈，滿必招損，故曰「盈必有虧，無必有有」。中和之道，固不盈不虧，非有非無；有無既非，盈虧亦非。借彼中道之藥，以破兩邊之病；病除藥遣，偏去中忘，都無所有，此亦「不盈」之義。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "道以至虚，故动能至冲；德以至无，故动而至和。万物得之，莫有不通。冲和者，道德之用，神明之常，天地所尊，阴阳所宗也。夫道非偏物，用必在中。天道恶盈，满必招损，故曰「盈必有亏，无必有有」。中和之道，固不盈不亏，非有非无；有无既非，盈亏亦非。借彼中道之药，以破两边之病；病除药遣，偏去中忘，都无所有，此亦「不盈」之义。", "citationFull": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "citationSimp": "严遵《道德真经指归》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "lemmaSimp": "道冲而用之或不盈" }, { "id": "c031", "block": 0, "source": "yanzun", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "挫其銳，解其紛", "kind": "note", "text": "有志而無銳，有心而無思，設無設之設，圖無圖之圖也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "有志而无锐，有心而无思，设无设之设，图无图之图也。", "citationFull": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "citationSimp": "严遵《道德真经指归》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "lemmaSimp": "挫其锐，解其纷" }, { "id": "c032", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "道沖而用之或不盈", "kind": "note", "text": "沖，中也；盈，滿也。道非偏物，用必在中。天道惡盈，滿必招損，故曰「不盈」。盈必有虧，無必有有。中和之道，不盈不虧，非有非無。有無既非，盈虧亦非，借彼中道之藥，以破兩邊之病；病除藥遣，偏去中忘，都無所有，此亦「不盈」之義。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》", "textSimp": "冲，中也；盈，满也。道非偏物，用必在中。天道恶盈，满必招损，故曰「不盈」。盈必有亏，无必有有。中和之道，不盈不亏，非有非无。有无既非，盈亏亦非，借彼中道之药，以破两边之病；病除药遣，偏去中忘，都无所有，此亦「不盈」之义。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》", "lemmaSimp": "道冲而用之或不盈" }, { "id": "c033", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "淵兮似萬物之宗", "kind": "note", "text": "海深，故百谷朝而歸之；道深，故萬物宗而奉之。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》", "textSimp": "海深，故百谷朝而归之；道深，故万物宗而奉之。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》", "lemmaSimp": "渊兮似万物之宗" }, { "id": "c034", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "挫其銳", "kind": "note", "text": "前識傷性，長惡害人，銳也；虛懷忘己，以道折之，挫也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》", "textSimp": "前识伤性，长恶害人，锐也；虚怀忘己，以道折之，挫也。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》", "lemmaSimp": "挫其锐" }, { "id": "c035", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "解其紛", "kind": "note", "text": "可欲亂正，得失滑心，紛也；遺彼忘我，遠欲制情，解也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》", "textSimp": "可欲乱正，得失滑心，纷也；遗彼忘我，远欲制情，解也。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》", "lemmaSimp": "解其纷" }, { "id": "c036", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "和其光，同其塵，湛兮似或存", "kind": "note", "text": "光而不耀，涅而不緇，和而不眩於體，同而不累其真，故知湛然清淨而常存者也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》", "textSimp": "光而不耀，涅而不缁，和而不眩于体，同而不累其真，故知湛然清净而常存者也。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》", "lemmaSimp": "和其光，同其尘，湛兮似或存" }, { "id": "c037", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s006", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "吾不知誰之子，象帝之先", "kind": "note", "text": "道深甚奧，虛無之淵，迎隨之所不能知，終始惡乎而可定，故言「不知誰子」。開自然之治，闢之以三才，運造化之功，羅之以萬有，考之事用，在天帝之先。象，天也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》", "textSimp": "道深甚奥，虚无之渊，迎随之所不能知，终始恶乎而可定，故言「不知谁子」。开自然之治，辟之以三才，运造化之功，罗之以万有，考之事用，在天帝之先。象，天也。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》", "lemmaSimp": "吾不知谁之子，象帝之先" }, { "id": "c038", "block": 0, "source": "luxisheng", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "第四章", "kind": "note", "text": "道以真精為體，沖虛為用。天下歸之，未嘗盈滿；萬物宗之，淵深不測。得其用，則可以挫俗情之鋒銳，解世故之糾紛；得其體，則可以上和光而不皦，下同塵而不昧。雖湛兮不可得窺，而綿綿乎若存，故前稱「或似」而後言「似或」。吾終不能知其所始，象若先天地而生焉。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "道以真精为体，冲虚为用。天下归之，未尝盈满；万物宗之，渊深不测。得其用，则可以挫俗情之锋锐，解世故之纠纷；得其体，则可以上和光而不皦，下同尘而不昧。虽湛兮不可得窥，而绵绵乎若存，故前称「或似」而后言「似或」。吾终不能知其所始，象若先天地而生焉。", "citationFull": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "陆希声《道德经传》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "第四章" }, { "id": "c039", "block": 0, "source": "lvhuiqing", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "第四章", "kind": "note", "text": "萬物負陰而抱陽，沖氣以為和，則沖者，陰陽和也。陰為虛，陽為盈；道之體則沖，而其用之則或不盈。其體沖也，故有欲、無欲同謂之玄；其用之不盈也，故虛心弱志，而常使民無知無欲而已。唯其如此，故淵兮似萬物之宗，而求其為宗者，固不可得也，似之而已。然則何以得此道哉？挫其銳，解其紛，和其光，同其塵而已。心出而入物為銳，挫其銳而勿行；物至而交心為紛，解其紛而勿擾。銳挫而紛解，則知常之明發乎天光。光者塵之外，在光不皦，故和之而不別；塵者光之內，在塵不昧，故同之而不異。夫唯如此，則所謂宗者，湛兮似或存矣。淵兮者，言乎其深也；湛兮者，言乎其清也。或不盈者，非可以為定虛也；似或存者，非可以為定存也。虛盈存亡，吾無所容心，則吾安能知其所自生哉？見其生天神帝而已，故曰「吾不知誰之子，象帝之先」。蓋有吾、有知、有誰，而道隱矣；吾不知誰，則亦不知吾矣。此真道之所自而出也。生天以先象，神帝以始帝，則其為形器之先可知矣。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "呂惠卿《道德真經傳》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "万物负阴而抱阳，冲气以为和，则冲者，阴阳和也。阴为虚，阳为盈；道之体则冲，而其用之则或不盈。其体冲也，故有欲、无欲同谓之玄；其用之不盈也，故虚心弱志，而常使民无知无欲而已。唯其如此，故渊兮似万物之宗，而求其为宗者，固不可得也，似之而已。然则何以得此道哉？挫其锐，解其纷，和其光，同其尘而已。心出而入物为锐，挫其锐而勿行；物至而交心为纷，解其纷而勿扰。锐挫而纷解，则知常之明发乎天光。光者尘之外，在光不皦，故和之而不别；尘者光之内，在尘不昧，故同之而不异。夫唯如此，则所谓宗者，湛兮似或存矣。渊兮者，言乎其深也；湛兮者，言乎其清也。或不盈者，非可以为定虚也；似或存者，非可以为定存也。虚盈存亡，吾无所容心，则吾安能知其所自生哉？见其生天神帝而已，故曰「吾不知谁之子，象帝之先」。盖有吾、有知、有谁，而道隐矣；吾不知谁，则亦不知吾矣。此真道之所自而出也。生天以先象，神帝以始帝，则其为形器之先可知矣。", "citationFull": "呂惠卿《道德真經傳》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "吕惠卿《道德真经传》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "第四章" }, { "id": "c040", "block": 0, "source": "suzhe", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "道沖而用之或不盈，淵兮似萬物之宗", "kind": "note", "text": "夫道沖然至無耳，然以之適眾有，雖天地之大、山河之廣，無所不遍。以其無形，故似不盈者。淵兮深眇，吾知其為萬物宗也，而不敢正言之，故曰「似萬物之宗」。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "蘇轍《老子解》", "textSimp": "夫道冲然至无耳，然以之适众有，虽天地之大、山河之广，无所不遍。以其无形，故似不盈者。渊兮深眇，吾知其为万物宗也，而不敢正言之，故曰「似万物之宗」。", "citationFull": "蘇轍《老子解》", "citationSimp": "苏辙《老子解》", "lemmaSimp": "道冲而用之或不盈，渊兮似万物之宗" }, { "id": "c041", "block": 0, "source": "suzhe", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "挫其銳，解其紛，和其光，同其塵，湛兮似或存", "kind": "note", "text": "人莫不有道也，而聖人能全之。挫其銳，恐其流於妄也；解其紛，恐其與物構也。不流於妄，不構於物，外患已去而光生焉，又從而和之，恐其與物異也。光至潔也，塵至雜也，雖塵無所不同，恐其棄萬物也。如是而後全，則湛然其常存矣。雖存而人莫之識，故曰「似或存」耳。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "蘇轍《老子解》", "textSimp": "人莫不有道也，而圣人能全之。挫其锐，恐其流于妄也；解其纷，恐其与物构也。不流于妄，不构于物，外患已去而光生焉，又从而和之，恐其与物异也。光至洁也，尘至杂也，虽尘无所不同，恐其弃万物也。如是而后全，则湛然其常存矣。虽存而人莫之识，故曰「似或存」耳。", "citationFull": "蘇轍《老子解》", "citationSimp": "苏辙《老子解》", "lemmaSimp": "挫其锐，解其纷，和其光，同其尘，湛兮似或存" }, { "id": "c042", "block": 0, "source": "suzhe", "target": { "start": "s006", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "吾不知誰之子，象帝之先", "kind": "note", "text": "道雖常存，終莫得而名之，然亦不可謂無也，故曰「此豈帝之先耶」？帝先矣而又先於帝，則莫或先之者矣。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "蘇轍《老子解》", "textSimp": "道虽常存，终莫得而名之，然亦不可谓无也，故曰「此岂帝之先耶」？帝先矣而又先于帝，则莫或先之者矣。", "citationFull": "蘇轍《老子解》", "citationSimp": "苏辙《老子解》", "lemmaSimp": "吾不知谁之子，象帝之先" }, { "id": "c043", "block": 0, "source": "wucheng", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "道沖而用之或不盈，淵兮似萬物之宗", "kind": "note", "text": "沖字本作盅，器之虛也。或，疑辭，不敢必也。道之體虛，人之用此道者亦當虛而不盈，盈則非道矣。淵，深不可測也。宗，猶宗子之宗，宗者族之統，道者萬物之統，故曰「萬物之宗」。似者，亦不敢必之辭也。○沖，直中切。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "吳澄《道德真經注》", "textSimp": "冲字本作盅，器之虚也。或，疑辞，不敢必也。道之体虚，人之用此道者亦当虚而不盈，盈则非道矣。渊，深不可测也。宗，犹宗子之宗，宗者族之统，道者万物之统，故曰「万物之宗」。似者，亦不敢必之辞也。○冲，直中切。", "citationFull": "吳澄《道德真經注》", "citationSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》", "lemmaSimp": "道冲而用之或不盈，渊兮似万物之宗" }, { "id": "c044", "block": 0, "source": "wucheng", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "挫其銳，解其紛，和其光，同其塵，湛兮似或存", "kind": "note", "text": "挫，摧也；銳，銛也；紛，糾結也。解糾結者以觿，取其銳也。凡銳者終必鈍，故先自摧其銳，以解彼之紛，不欲其銳也，則亦終無鈍之時矣。和，猶平也，掩抑之意；同，謂齊等與之不異也。鏡受塵者不光，凡光者終必暗，故先自掩其光，以同乎彼之塵，不欲其光也，則亦終無暗之時矣。夫銳者必鈍，光者必暗，猶盈者之必溢。道不欲盈，故銳者摧之而不欲其銳，光者和之而不欲其光也。其銳、其光，二「其」字屬己；其紛、其塵，二「其」字屬物。舊解作一句一義者，非。此四句言道之用不盈也。湛，澄寂之意。道之體虛，故其存於此也，似或存而非實有一物存於此也。此一句言道之體虛也。夫，音扶。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "吳澄《道德真經注》", "textSimp": "挫，摧也；锐，铦也；纷，纠结也。解纠结者以觿，取其锐也。凡锐者终必钝，故先自摧其锐，以解彼之纷，不欲其锐也，则亦终无钝之时矣。和，犹平也，掩抑之意；同，谓齐等与之不异也。镜受尘者不光，凡光者终必暗，故先自掩其光，以同乎彼之尘，不欲其光也，则亦终无暗之时矣。夫锐者必钝，光者必暗，犹盈者之必溢。道不欲盈，故锐者摧之而不欲其锐，光者和之而不欲其光也。其锐、其光，二「其」字属己；其纷、其尘，二「其」字属物。旧解作一句一义者，非。此四句言道之用不盈也。湛，澄寂之意。道之体虚，故其存于此也，似或存而非实有一物存于此也。此一句言道之体虚也。夫，音扶。", "citationFull": "吳澄《道德真經注》", "citationSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》", "lemmaSimp": "挫其锐，解其纷，和其光，同其尘，湛兮似或存" }, { "id": "c045", "block": 0, "source": "wucheng", "target": { "start": "s006", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "吾不知誰之子，象帝之先", "kind": "note", "text": "「吾不知誰之子」，問辭也；「象帝之先」，答辭也。子，父母所生者。象、帝，天也。象言天有象，帝言天之主宰也。謂道果誰之子乎？天先乎萬物，而道又在天之先，則天亦由道而生，無有在道之先者矣。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "吳澄《道德真經注》", "textSimp": "「吾不知谁之子」，问辞也；「象帝之先」，答辞也。子，父母所生者。象、帝，天也。象言天有象，帝言天之主宰也。谓道果谁之子乎？天先乎万物，而道又在天之先，则天亦由道而生，无有在道之先者矣。", "citationFull": "吳澄《道德真經注》", "citationSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》", "lemmaSimp": "吾不知谁之子，象帝之先" }, { "id": "c046", "block": 0, "source": "hanshan", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "第四章", "kind": "note", "text": "此贊道之體用微妙，而不可測知也。沖，虛也；盈，充滿也；淵，靜深不動也；宗，猶依歸也。謂道體至虛，其實充滿天地萬物，但無形而不可見，故曰「用之或不盈」。道體淵深寂漠，其實能發育萬物，而為萬物所依歸，但生而不有，為而不宰，故曰「似萬物之宗」。「或」、「似」，皆不定之辭。老子恐人將言語為實，不肯離言體道，故以此等疑辭以遣其執耳。銳，即剛勇精銳，謂人剛銳之志、勇銳之氣、精銳之智，此皆無物可挫，唯有道者能挫之，故曰「挫其銳」。如子房之博浪，其剛勇可知；大索天下而不得，其精銳可知。此其無可挫之者，唯見挫於圯上老人一草履耳。由子房得此而進之於漢，卒以無事取天下。吾意自莊周以下，而功名之士得老氏之精者，唯子房一人而已。以此較之，周善體而良善用，方朔得之則流為詭矣，其他何足以知之。紛，謂是非紛擾，即百氏眾口之辯也。然各是其是，各非其非，此皆無人解之者，唯有道者以不言之辯而解之，所謂「大辯若訥」。以道本無言，而是非自泯，故曰「解其紛」。和，混融也；光，智識炫耀於外，即所謂「飾智驚愚，修身明汙」者，是也。唯有道者韜光內照，光而不耀，所謂「眾人昭昭，我獨若昏；眾人察察，我獨悶悶」，故曰「和其光」。與俗混一而不分，正謂呼我以牛，以牛應之；呼我以馬，以馬應之，故曰「同其塵」。然其道妙用如此，變化無方，而其體則湛然不動，雖用而無跡，故曰「湛兮或存」。要妙如此，而不知其所從來，故曰「吾不知誰之子」。且而不是有形之物，或象帝之先耶？帝，即天帝；象，或似也。愚謂此章贊道體用之妙，且兼人而釋者。蓋老子凡言道妙，全是述自己胸中受用境界，故愚亦兼人而解之。欲學者知此，可以體認做工夫，方見老子妙處。字字皆有指歸，庶不肖虛無孟浪之談也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "釋德清《道德經解》", "textSimp": "此赞道之体用微妙，而不可测知也。冲，虚也；盈，充满也；渊，静深不动也；宗，犹依归也。谓道体至虚，其实充满天地万物，但无形而不可见，故曰「用之或不盈」。道体渊深寂漠，其实能发育万物，而为万物所依归，但生而不有，为而不宰，故曰「似万物之宗」。「或」、「似」，皆不定之辞。老子恐人将言语为实，不肯离言体道，故以此等疑辞以遣其执耳。锐，即刚勇精锐，谓人刚锐之志、勇锐之气、精锐之智，此皆无物可挫，唯有道者能挫之，故曰「挫其锐」。如子房之博浪，其刚勇可知；大索天下而不得，其精锐可知。此其无可挫之者，唯见挫于圯上老人一草履耳。由子房得此而进之于汉，卒以无事取天下。吾意自庄周以下，而功名之士得老氏之精者，唯子房一人而已。以此较之，周善体而良善用，方朔得之则流为诡矣，其他何足以知之。纷，谓是非纷扰，即百氏众口之辩也。然各是其是，各非其非，此皆无人解之者，唯有道者以不言之辩而解之，所谓「大辩若讷」。以道本无言，而是非自泯，故曰「解其纷」。和，混融也；光，智识炫耀于外，即所谓「饰智惊愚，修身明污」者，是也。唯有道者韬光内照，光而不耀，所谓「众人昭昭，我独若昏；众人察察，我独闷闷」，故曰「和其光」。与俗混一而不分，正谓呼我以牛，以牛应之；呼我以马，以马应之，故曰「同其尘」。然其道妙用如此，变化无方，而其体则湛然不动，虽用而无迹，故曰「湛兮或存」。要妙如此，而不知其所从来，故曰「吾不知谁之子」。且而不是有形之物，或象帝之先耶？帝，即天帝；象，或似也。愚谓此章赞道体用之妙，且兼人而释者。盖老子凡言道妙，全是述自己胸中受用境界，故愚亦兼人而解之。欲学者知此，可以体认做工夫，方见老子妙处。字字皆有指归，庶不肖虚无孟浪之谈也。", "citationFull": "釋德清《道德經解》", "citationSimp": "释德清《道德经解》", "lemmaSimp": "第四章" }, { "id": "c047", "block": 0, "source": "weiyuan", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "第四章", "kind": "note", "text": "此章乃常無觀妙之事也。《說文》曰：「盅，器虛也。」道之體本至虛，而用之有能不盈者乎？淵然其深，物物而不物於物，似萬物之宗矣。夫人之用所以常失之盈者，恃己之銳而與人為紛，以己之光而照人之塵也。挫其銳則紛自解矣，和其光則塵自同矣，是其用之能不盈也。湛兮若存，則其體仍盅矣。世或有斯人，則體用一源，復乎道之本然，象帝之先矣，而誰其能之哉？李氏約曰：「象，似也。道性謙約，故不云定處其先而云似。」蘇氏轍曰：「銳挫紛解，則不流於妄，不構於物，外患已去而光生焉；又從而和之，恐其與物異也。以塵之至雜而無所不同，則於萬物無所異矣。聖人之道如是而後全，則湛然常存矣；雖存而人莫之識，故似或存耳。」源案：末二語就體道之人言之，方平易親切；諸家皆謂推極，然問道為誰氏之子，既太支離，而推道為在帝之先，又太幻渺，故並不取。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "此章乃常无观妙之事也。《说文》曰：「盅，器虚也。」道之体本至虚，而用之有能不盈者乎？渊然其深，物物而不物于物，似万物之宗矣。夫人之用所以常失之盈者，恃己之锐而与人为纷，以己之光而照人之尘也。挫其锐则纷自解矣，和其光则尘自同矣，是其用之能不盈也。湛兮若存，则其体仍盅矣。世或有斯人，则体用一源，复乎道之本然，象帝之先矣，而谁其能之哉？李氏约曰：「象，似也。道性谦约，故不云定处其先而云似。」苏氏辙曰：「锐挫纷解，则不流于妄，不构于物，外患已去而光生焉；又从而和之，恐其与物异也。以尘之至杂而无所不同，则于万物无所异矣。圣人之道如是而后全，则湛然常存矣；虽存而人莫之识，故似或存耳。」源案：末二语就体道之人言之，方平易亲切；诸家皆谓推极，然问道为谁氏之子，既太支离，而推道为在帝之先，又太幻渺，故并不取。", "citationFull": "魏源《老子本義》", "citationSimp": "魏源《老子本义》", "lemmaSimp": "第四章" }, { "id": "c048", "block": 0, "source": "wangfuzhi", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "挫其銳，解其紛，和其光，同其塵", "kind": "note", "text": "陽用銳而體光，陰用紛而體塵。", "authorNote": "夾注", "citation": "王夫之《老子衍》", "textSimp": "阳用锐而体光，阴用纷而体尘。", "citationFull": "王夫之《老子衍》（夾注）", "citationSimp": "王夫之《老子衍》", "authorNoteSimp": "夹注", "lemmaSimp": "挫其锐，解其纷，和其光，同其尘" }, { "id": "c049", "block": 0, "source": "wangfuzhi", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "第四章", "kind": "evaluation", "text": "用者無不盈也，其惟「沖而用之或不盈」乎！用之為數，出乎「紛」、「塵」，入乎「銳」、「光」；出乎「銳」、「光」，入乎「紛」、「塵」。唯沖也，可銳，可光，可紛，可塵，受四數之歸，而四數不留。故盛氣來爭，而寒心退處，雖有亢子，不能背其宗；雖有泰帝，不能軼其先。豈嘗歆彼之俎豆，而競彼之步趨哉？似而象之，因物之不能違，以為之名也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "王夫之《老子衍》", "textSimp": "用者无不盈也，其惟「冲而用之或不盈」乎！用之为数，出乎「纷」、「尘」，入乎「锐」、「光」；出乎「锐」、「光」，入乎「纷」、「尘」。唯冲也，可锐，可光，可纷，可尘，受四数之归，而四数不留。故盛气来争，而寒心退处，虽有亢子，不能背其宗；虽有泰帝，不能轶其先。岂尝歆彼之俎豆，而竞彼之步趋哉？似而象之，因物之不能违，以为之名也。", "citationFull": "王夫之《老子衍》", "citationSimp": "王夫之《老子衍》", "lemmaSimp": "第四章" } ], "charNotes": [ { "id": "n001", "sentenceId": "s001", "start": 1, "end": 2, "char": "沖", "charSimp": "冲", "startSimp": 1, "endSimp": 2, "pinyin": "chōng", "gloss": "虛而不滿；器皿中空之處，引申為道體虛而用不窮。", "glossSimp": "虚而不满；器皿中空之处，引申为道体虚而用不穷。", "general": "河上公注：「沖，中也。」吳澄注：「沖字本作盅，器之虛也。」", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「冲，中也。」吴澄注：「冲字本作盅，器之虚也。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "吳澄注" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "吴澄注" ] }, { "id": "n002", "sentenceId": "s001", "start": 7, "end": 8, "char": "盈", "charSimp": "盈", "startSimp": 7, "endSimp": 8, "pinyin": "yíng", "gloss": "滿溢。", "glossSimp": "满溢。", "general": "河上公注：「或，常也。道常謙虛不盈滿。」唐玄宗注：「有生成之功，曾不盈滿。」", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「或，常也。道常谦虚不盈满。」唐玄宗注：「有生成之功，曾不盈满。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "唐玄宗注" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "唐玄宗注" ] }, { "id": "n003", "sentenceId": "s002", "start": 0, "end": 1, "char": "淵", "charSimp": "渊", "startSimp": 0, "endSimp": 1, "pinyin": "yuān", "gloss": "深靜、深不可測。", "glossSimp": "深静、深不可测。", "general": "河上公注：「道淵深不可知也。」唐玄宗注：「淵，深靜也。」", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「道渊深不可知也。」唐玄宗注：「渊，深静也。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "唐玄宗注" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "唐玄宗注" ] }, { "id": "n004", "sentenceId": "s002", "start": 6, "end": 7, "char": "宗", "charSimp": "宗", "startSimp": 6, "endSimp": 7, "pinyin": "zōng", "gloss": "宗主、歸向的根本。", "glossSimp": "宗主、归向的根本。", "general": "河上公注：「似為萬物之宗祖。」王弼注：「萬物舍此而求主，主其安在乎？」", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「似为万物之宗祖。」王弼注：「万物舍此而求主，主其安在乎？」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "王弼注" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "王弼注" ] }, { "id": "n005", "sentenceId": "s003", "start": 0, "end": 1, "char": "挫", "charSimp": "挫", "startSimp": 0, "endSimp": 1, "pinyin": "cuò", "gloss": "抑止、摧折。", "glossSimp": "抑止、摧折。", "general": "河上公注：「銳，進也……當挫止之。」唐玄宗疏：「挫，抑止也。」", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「锐，进也……当挫止之。」唐玄宗疏：「挫，抑止也。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "唐玄宗疏" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "唐玄宗疏" ] }, { "id": "n006", "sentenceId": "s003", "start": 2, "end": 3, "char": "銳", "charSimp": "锐", "startSimp": 2, "endSimp": 3, "pinyin": "ruì", "gloss": "鋒芒、銳利進取之氣。", "glossSimp": "锋芒、锐利进取之气。", "general": "河上公注：「銳，進也。人欲銳情進取功名，當挫止之。」", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「锐，进也。人欲锐情进取功名，当挫止之。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注" ] }, { "id": "n007", "sentenceId": "s003", "start": 6, "end": 7, "char": "紛", "charSimp": "纷", "startSimp": 6, "endSimp": 7, "pinyin": "fēn", "gloss": "糾紛、紛擾。", "glossSimp": "纠纷、纷扰。", "general": "河上公注：「紛，結恨也。」成玄英疏讀作「忿」，謂嗔怒。", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「纷，结恨也。」成玄英疏读作「忿」，谓嗔怒。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏" ] }, { "id": "n008", "sentenceId": "s004", "start": 0, "end": 3, "char": "和其光", "charSimp": "和其光", "startSimp": 0, "endSimp": 3, "pinyin": "hé qí guāng", "gloss": "收斂光耀，不使炫露。", "glossSimp": "收敛光耀，不使炫露。", "general": "河上公注：「雖有獨見之明，當如暗昧，不當以曜亂人也。」", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「虽有独见之明，当如暗昧，不当以曜乱人也。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注" ] }, { "id": "n009", "sentenceId": "s004", "start": 4, "end": 7, "char": "同其塵", "charSimp": "同其尘", "startSimp": 4, "endSimp": 7, "pinyin": "tóng qí chén", "gloss": "混同於塵世，不自標異。", "glossSimp": "混同于尘世，不自标异。", "general": "河上公注：「當與眾庶同，不當自殊別。」成玄英疏以六塵釋之。", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「当与众庶同，不当自殊别。」成玄英疏以六尘释之。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏" ] }, { "id": "n010", "sentenceId": "s005", "start": 0, "end": 1, "char": "湛", "charSimp": "湛", "startSimp": 0, "endSimp": 1, "pinyin": "zhàn", "gloss": "深沉、凝寂。", "glossSimp": "深沉、凝寂。", "general": "河上公注：「言當湛然安靜，故能長存不亡。」成玄英疏：「湛，凝寂也。」", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「言当湛然安静，故能长存不亡。」成玄英疏：「湛，凝寂也。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏" ] }, { "id": "n011", "sentenceId": "s006", "start": 7, "end": 11, "char": "象帝之先", "charSimp": "象帝之先", "startSimp": 7, "endSimp": 11, "pinyin": "xiàng dì zhī xiān", "gloss": "好像在天帝之先；象，似。", "glossSimp": "好像在天帝之先；象，似。", "general": "王弼注：「帝，天帝也。」唐玄宗注：「道者似在乎帝先爾。」", "generalSimp": "王弼注：「帝，天帝也。」唐玄宗注：「道者似在乎帝先尔。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "王弼注", "唐玄宗注" ], "refsSimp": [ "王弼注", "唐玄宗注" ] } ], "glossary": { "沖": "虛而不滿；器虛曰盅，引申為道體虛而用不窮。河上公釋「中」，王弼、成玄英以虛用說。", "不盈": "不滿溢；諸家多謂道體謙虛，用而不竭，非空無所有。", "萬物之宗": "萬物的宗主、歸向；非謂道另有一物為之主。", "挫銳解紛": "抑止銳利進取之心，消解紛擾糾結。", "和光同塵": "收斂光耀，混同塵世；非謂同流合汙。", "湛兮似或存": "深沉凝寂，若有若無；言道體非實有一物。", "象帝之先": "好像在天帝之先；象，似。諸家謂道先於天帝，非道另有一父。" }, "collations": [ { "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "沖", "text": "《說文》作「盅」，謂器虛；傅奕本亦作「盅」，河上公、王弼及通行諸本作「沖」。正文從底本作「沖」。", "source": "《說文解字》、傅奕《道德經古本篇》、魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "《说文》作「盅」，谓器虚；傅奕本亦作「盅」，河上公、王弼及通行诸本作「冲」。正文从底本作「冲」。", "headwordSimp": "冲", "sourceSimp": "《说文解字》、傅奕《道德经古本篇》、魏源《老子本义》", "id": "k001" }, { "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "或不盈", "text": "唐玄宗注本、蘇轍本作「或似不盈」，傅奕本作「又弗滿」，魏源從《淮南子》作「又弗盈」；河上公、王弼本作「或不盈」。正文從王弼本。", "source": "河上公《老子道德經章句》、王弼《老子道德經注》、唐玄宗《道德真經注》、蘇轍《老子解》、魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "唐玄宗注本、苏辙本作「或似不盈」，傅奕本作「又弗满」，魏源从《淮南子》作「又弗盈」；河上公、王弼本作「或不盈」。正文从王弼本。", "headwordSimp": "或不盈", "sourceSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》、王弼《老子道德经注》、唐玄宗《道德真经注》、苏辙《老子解》、魏源《老子本义》", "id": "k002" }, { "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "淵兮", "text": "河上公本作「淵乎」；陸德明《經典釋文》所見古本作「淵兮」；魏源從王弼本。正文從底本。", "source": "河上公《老子道德經章句》、陸德明《經典釋文》、魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "河上公本作「渊乎」；陆德明《经典释文》所见古本作「渊兮」；魏源从王弼本。正文从底本。", "headwordSimp": "渊兮", "sourceSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》、陆德明《经典释文》、魏源《老子本义》", "id": "k003" }, { "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "解其紛", "text": "碑本作「解其忿」，《經典釋文》云一本作「芬」；成玄英疏即讀「紛」為「忿」，釋作嗔怒。正文從王弼本作「紛」。", "source": "《經典釋文》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "碑本作「解其忿」，《经典释文》云一本作「芬」；成玄英疏即读「纷」为「忿」，释作嗔怒。正文从王弼本作「纷」。", "headwordSimp": "解其纷", "sourceSimp": "《经典释文》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、魏源《老子本义》", "id": "k004" }, { "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "湛兮似或存", "text": "河上公本作「湛兮似若存」；碑本無「兮」字，「或存」作「常存」；王弼本作「湛兮似或存」。正文從底本。", "source": "河上公《老子道德經章句》、王弼《老子道德經注》、魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "河上公本作「湛兮似若存」；碑本无「兮」字，「或存」作「常存」；王弼本作「湛兮似或存」。正文从底本。", "headwordSimp": "湛兮似或存", "sourceSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》、王弼《老子道德经注》、魏源《老子本义》", "id": "k005" }, { "sentenceId": "s006", "headword": "吾不知誰之子", "text": "李榮本作「吾不知誰子」，陳象古本「誰」下無「之」字；王弼本有「之」。正文從底本。", "source": "李榮《道德真經注》、魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "李荣本作「吾不知谁子」，陈象古本「谁」下无「之」字；王弼本有「之」。正文从底本。", "headwordSimp": "吾不知谁之子", "sourceSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》、魏源《老子本义》", "id": "k006" }, { "sentenceId": "s006", "headword": "象帝之先", "text": "王弼注文作「似帝之先」，與正文「象帝之先」用字不同；唐玄宗注亦云「道者似在乎帝先」。正文從王弼本。", "source": "王弼《老子道德經注》、唐玄宗《道德真經注》", "textSimp": "王弼注文作「似帝之先」，与正文「象帝之先」用字不同；唐玄宗注亦云「道者似在乎帝先」。正文从王弼本。", "headwordSimp": "象帝之先", "sourceSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》、唐玄宗《道德真经注》", "id": "k007" } ], "glossarySimp": { "冲": "虚而不满；器虚曰盅，引申为道体虚而用不穷。河上公释「中」，王弼、成玄英以虚用说。", "不盈": "不满溢；诸家多谓道体谦虚，用而不竭，非空无所有。", "万物之宗": "万物的宗主、归向；非谓道另有一物为之主。", "挫锐解纷": "抑止锐利进取之心，消解纷扰纠结。", "和光同尘": "收敛光耀，混同尘世；非谓同流合污。", "湛兮似或存": "深沉凝寂，若有若无；言道体非实有一物。", "象帝之先": "好像在天帝之先；象，似。诸家谓道先于天帝，非道另有一父。" }, "lexicon": { "note": "由构建脚本从字词注与常用字表生成，供义位词典和开放数据集使用；occurrence 统计按繁体与简体正文分别匹配后合并。", "entries": [ { "order": 1, "id": "n001", "noteId": "n001", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "沖", "headwordSimp": "冲", "pinyin": "chōng", "gloss": "虛而不滿；器皿中空之處，引申為道體虛而用不窮。", "glossSimp": "虚而不满；器皿中空之处，引申为道体虚而用不穷。", "general": "河上公注：「沖，中也。」吳澄注：「沖字本作盅，器之虛也。」", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「冲，中也。」吴澄注：「冲字本作盅，器之虚也。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "吳澄注" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "吴澄注" ], "forms": [ { "form": "沖", "formSimp": "冲", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 2, "id": "n002", "noteId": "n002", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "盈", "headwordSimp": "盈", "pinyin": "yíng", "gloss": "滿溢。", "glossSimp": "满溢。", "general": "河上公注：「或，常也。道常謙虛不盈滿。」唐玄宗注：「有生成之功，曾不盈滿。」", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「或，常也。道常谦虚不盈满。」唐玄宗注：「有生成之功，曾不盈满。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "唐玄宗注" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "唐玄宗注" ], "forms": [ { "form": "盈", "formSimp": "盈", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 3, "id": "n003", "noteId": "n003", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "淵", "headwordSimp": "渊", "pinyin": "yuān", "gloss": "深靜、深不可測。", "glossSimp": "深静、深不可测。", "general": "河上公注：「道淵深不可知也。」唐玄宗注：「淵，深靜也。」", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「道渊深不可知也。」唐玄宗注：「渊，深静也。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "唐玄宗注" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "唐玄宗注" ], "forms": [ { "form": "淵", "formSimp": "渊", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 4, "id": "n004", "noteId": "n004", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "宗", "headwordSimp": "宗", "pinyin": "zōng", "gloss": "宗主、歸向的根本。", "glossSimp": "宗主、归向的根本。", "general": "河上公注：「似為萬物之宗祖。」王弼注：「萬物舍此而求主，主其安在乎？」", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「似为万物之宗祖。」王弼注：「万物舍此而求主，主其安在乎？」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "王弼注" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "王弼注" ], "forms": [ { "form": "宗", "formSimp": "宗", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 5, "id": "n005", "noteId": "n005", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "挫", "headwordSimp": "挫", "pinyin": "cuò", "gloss": "抑止、摧折。", "glossSimp": "抑止、摧折。", "general": "河上公注：「銳，進也……當挫止之。」唐玄宗疏：「挫，抑止也。」", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「锐，进也……当挫止之。」唐玄宗疏：「挫，抑止也。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "唐玄宗疏" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "唐玄宗疏" ], "forms": [ { "form": "挫", "formSimp": "挫", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 6, "id": "n006", "noteId": "n006", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "銳", "headwordSimp": "锐", "pinyin": "ruì", "gloss": "鋒芒、銳利進取之氣。", "glossSimp": "锋芒、锐利进取之气。", "general": "河上公注：「銳，進也。人欲銳情進取功名，當挫止之。」", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「锐，进也。人欲锐情进取功名，当挫止之。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注" ], "forms": [ { "form": "銳", "formSimp": "锐", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 7, "id": "n007", "noteId": "n007", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "紛", "headwordSimp": "纷", "pinyin": "fēn", "gloss": "糾紛、紛擾。", "glossSimp": "纠纷、纷扰。", "general": "河上公注：「紛，結恨也。」成玄英疏讀作「忿」，謂嗔怒。", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「纷，结恨也。」成玄英疏读作「忿」，谓嗔怒。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏" ], "forms": [ { "form": "紛", "formSimp": "纷", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 8, "id": "n008", "noteId": "n008", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "和其光", "headwordSimp": "和其光", "pinyin": "hé qí guāng", "gloss": "收斂光耀，不使炫露。", "glossSimp": "收敛光耀，不使炫露。", "general": "河上公注：「雖有獨見之明，當如暗昧，不當以曜亂人也。」", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「虽有独见之明，当如暗昧，不当以曜乱人也。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注" ], "forms": [ { "form": "和其光", "formSimp": "和其光", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 9, "id": "n009", "noteId": "n009", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "同其塵", "headwordSimp": "同其尘", "pinyin": "tóng qí chén", "gloss": "混同於塵世，不自標異。", "glossSimp": "混同于尘世，不自标异。", "general": "河上公注：「當與眾庶同，不當自殊別。」成玄英疏以六塵釋之。", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「当与众庶同，不当自殊别。」成玄英疏以六尘释之。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏" ], "forms": [ { "form": "同其塵", "formSimp": "同其尘", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 10, "id": "n010", "noteId": "n010", "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "湛", "headwordSimp": "湛", "pinyin": "zhàn", "gloss": "深沉、凝寂。", "glossSimp": "深沉、凝寂。", "general": "河上公注：「言當湛然安靜，故能長存不亡。」成玄英疏：「湛，凝寂也。」", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「言当湛然安静，故能长存不亡。」成玄英疏：「湛，凝寂也。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏" ], "forms": [ { "form": "湛", "formSimp": "湛", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s005" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s005" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 11, "id": "n011", "noteId": "n011", "sentenceId": "s006", "headword": "象帝之先", "headwordSimp": "象帝之先", "pinyin": "xiàng dì zhī xiān", "gloss": "好像在天帝之先；象，似。", "glossSimp": "好像在天帝之先；象，似。", "general": "王弼注：「帝，天帝也。」唐玄宗注：「道者似在乎帝先爾。」", "generalSimp": "王弼注：「帝，天帝也。」唐玄宗注：「道者似在乎帝先尔。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "王弼注", "唐玄宗注" ], "refsSimp": [ "王弼注", "唐玄宗注" ], "forms": [ { "form": "象帝之先", "formSimp": "象帝之先", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s006" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s006" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 } ], "glossaryEntries": [ { "order": 12, "id": "g001", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "沖", "headwordSimp": "冲", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "虛而不滿；器虛曰盅，引申為道體虛而用不窮。河上公釋「中」，王弼、成玄英以虛用說。", "glossSimp": "虚而不满；器虚曰盅，引申为道体虚而用不穷。河上公释「中」，王弼、成玄英以虚用说。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "沖", "formSimp": "冲", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 13, "id": "g002", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "不盈", "headwordSimp": "不盈", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "不滿溢；諸家多謂道體謙虛，用而不竭，非空無所有。", "glossSimp": "不满溢；诸家多谓道体谦虚，用而不竭，非空无所有。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "不盈", "formSimp": "不盈", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 14, "id": "g003", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "萬物之宗", "headwordSimp": "万物之宗", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "萬物的宗主、歸向；非謂道另有一物為之主。", "glossSimp": "万物的宗主、归向；非谓道另有一物为之主。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "萬物之宗", "formSimp": "万物之宗", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 15, "id": "g004", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "挫銳解紛", "headwordSimp": "挫锐解纷", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "抑止銳利進取之心，消解紛擾糾結。", "glossSimp": "抑止锐利进取之心，消解纷扰纠结。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "挫銳解紛", "formSimp": "挫锐解纷", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 16, "id": "g005", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "和光同塵", "headwordSimp": "和光同尘", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "收斂光耀，混同塵世；非謂同流合汙。", "glossSimp": "收敛光耀，混同尘世；非谓同流合污。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "和光同塵", "formSimp": "和光同尘", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 17, "id": "g006", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "湛兮似或存", "headwordSimp": "湛兮似或存", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "深沉凝寂，若有若無；言道體非實有一物。", "glossSimp": "深沉凝寂，若有若无；言道体非实有一物。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "湛兮似或存", "formSimp": "湛兮似或存", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s005" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s005" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 18, "id": "g007", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s006", "headword": "象帝之先", "headwordSimp": "象帝之先", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "好像在天帝之先；象，似。諸家謂道先於天帝，非道另有一父。", "glossSimp": "好像在天帝之先；象，似。诸家谓道先于天帝，非道另有一父。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "象帝之先", "formSimp": "象帝之先", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s006" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s006" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 } ] }, "relations": { "version": "1.0.0", "note": "第四章四組觀念的十三家對照。河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗三家四組皆備；嚴遵於「淵兮似萬物之宗」及「湛兮」以下無專文，故後三組不列嚴遵。", "concepts": [ { "id": "chongyong", "name": "道沖而用之不盈", "nameTrad": "道沖而用之不盈", "question": "「道沖而用之或不盈」，道體既虛，為何能用之不竭而不滿盈？", "questionTrad": "「道沖而用之或不盈」，道體既虛，為何能用之不竭而不滿盈？", "intro": "「沖」是全章的第一個字，也是諸家分歧的起點。河上公釋「中」，以匿名藏譽、謙虛不盈為說；王弼以「沖而用之又復不盈」說道體無窮，形大不能累其體，事殷不能充其量；成玄英以一中遣二偏、還遣一中說「不盈」；唐玄宗以沖和之氣生成萬物而不盈滿；嚴遵、李榮同以中道破兩邊、病除藥遣為說；陸希聲以真精為體、沖虛為用；呂惠卿以負陰抱陽、沖氣為和；蘇轍以道沖然至無而無所不遍；吳澄以器虛釋沖；憨山以道體至虛而充滿天地；魏源以《說文》「盅，器虛也」立說；王夫之以「受四數之歸而四數不留」說沖。諸家路數雖異，都反對把「不盈」解作空無所有。", "introTrad": "「沖」是全章的第一個字，也是諸家分歧的起點。河上公釋「中」，以匿名藏譽、謙虛不盈為說；王弼以「沖而用之又復不盈」說道體無窮，形大不能累其體，事殷不能充其量；成玄英以一中遣二偏、還遣一中說「不盈」；唐玄宗以沖和之氣生成萬物而不盈滿；嚴遵、李榮同以中道破兩邊、病除藥遣為說；陸希聲以真精為體、沖虛為用；呂惠卿以負陰抱陽、沖氣為和；蘇轍以道沖然至無而無所不遍；吳澄以器虛釋沖；憨山以道體至虛而充滿天地；魏源以《說文》「盅，器虛也」立說；王夫之以「受四數之歸而四數不留」說沖。諸家路數雖異，都反對把「不盈」解作空無所有。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "「沖」謂中，道匿名藏譽，其用在中；「或」謂常，道常謙虛不盈滿。", "thesisTrad": "「沖」謂中，道匿名藏譽，其用在中；「或」謂常，道常謙虛不盈滿。", "noteIds": [ "c001", "c002" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "「冲」谓中，道匿名藏誉，其用在中；「或」谓常，道常谦虚不盈满。" }, "wangbi": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "沖而用之用乃不能窮，滿以造實實來則溢，故沖而用之又復不盈。", "thesisTrad": "沖而用之用乃不能窮，滿以造實實來則溢，故沖而用之又復不盈。", "noteIds": [ "c011" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "冲而用之用乃不能穷，满以造实实来则溢，故冲而用之又复不盈。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "聖人施化莫先中道；以一中破二偏，既除還遣，恐人住於中一，故言不盈。", "thesisTrad": "聖人施化莫先中道；以一中破二偏，既除還遣，恐人住於中一，故言不盈。", "noteIds": [ "c014" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "圣人施化莫先中道；以一中破二偏，既除还遣，恐人住于中一，故言不盈。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "道動出沖和之氣，生成萬物而不盈滿；「或似」者，於道不敢正言。", "thesisTrad": "道動出沖和之氣，生成萬物而不盈滿；「或似」者，於道不敢正言。", "noteIds": [ "c020", "c026" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "道动出冲和之气，生成万物而不盈满；「或似」者，于道不敢正言。" }, "yanzun": { "workType": "指歸", "workTypeTrad": "指歸", "thesis": "道以至虛故動能至沖，德以至無故動而至和；中道破兩邊，病除藥遣，亦不盈之義。", "thesisTrad": "道以至虛故動能至沖，德以至無故動而至和；中道破兩邊，病除藥遣，亦不盈之義。", "noteIds": [ "c030" ], "workTypeSimp": "指归", "thesisSimp": "道以至虚故动能至冲，德以至无故动而至和；中道破两边，病除药遣，亦不盈之义。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "道非偏物，用必在中；盈必有虧，中和之道不盈不虧，非有非無。", "thesisTrad": "道非偏物，用必在中；盈必有虧，中和之道不盈不虧，非有非無。", "noteIds": [ "c032" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "道非偏物，用必在中；盈必有亏，中和之道不盈不亏，非有非无。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "道以真精為體、沖虛為用，天下歸之未嘗盈滿，萬物宗之淵深不測。", "thesisTrad": "道以真精為體、沖虛為用，天下歸之未嘗盈滿，萬物宗之淵深不測。", "noteIds": [ "c038" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "道以真精为体、冲虚为用，天下归之未尝盈满，万物宗之渊深不测。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "萬物負陰抱陽，沖氣以為和；道體則沖，其用則或不盈。", "thesisTrad": "萬物負陰抱陽，沖氣以為和；道體則沖，其用則或不盈。", "noteIds": [ "c039" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "万物负阴抱阳，冲气以为和；道体则冲，其用则或不盈。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "道沖然至無，而以之適眾有無所不遍；以其無形，故似不盈。", "thesisTrad": "道沖然至無，而以之適眾有無所不遍；以其無形，故似不盈。", "noteIds": [ "c040" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "道冲然至无，而以之适众有无所不遍；以其无形，故似不盈。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "沖字本作盅，器之虛也；道體虛，用道者亦當虛而不盈，盈則非道。", "thesisTrad": "沖字本作盅，器之虛也；道體虛，用道者亦當虛而不盈，盈則非道。", "noteIds": [ "c043" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "冲字本作盅，器之虚也；道体虚，用道者亦当虚而不盈，盈则非道。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "道體至虛而實充滿天地萬物，無形不可見，故曰用之或不盈。", "thesisTrad": "道體至虛而實充滿天地萬物，無形不可見，故曰用之或不盈。", "noteIds": [ "c046" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "道体至虚而实充满天地万物，无形不可见，故曰用之或不盈。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "《說文》「盅，器虛也」；道體本虛，而用之能不盈，體用一源。", "thesisTrad": "《說文》「盅，器虛也」；道體本虛，而用之能不盈，體用一源。", "noteIds": [ "c047" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "《说文》「盅，器虚也」；道体本虚，而用之能不盈，体用一源。" }, "wangfuzhi": { "workType": "衍", "workTypeTrad": "衍", "thesis": "用者無不盈，惟沖而用之或不盈；沖受四數之歸而四數不留。", "thesisTrad": "用者無不盈，惟沖而用之或不盈；沖受四數之歸而四數不留。", "noteIds": [ "c049" ], "workTypeSimp": "衍", "thesisSimp": "用者无不盈，惟冲而用之或不盈；冲受四数之归而四数不留。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c001", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公以「中」釋沖，以匿名藏譽、謙虛不盈說道用。", "textTrad": "河上公以「中」釋沖，以匿名藏譽、謙虛不盈說道用。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公以「中」释冲，以匿名藏誉、谦虚不盈说道用。" }, { "noteId": "c011", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "王弼以沖用不窮、滿實則溢說不盈，歸於道體無窮。", "textTrad": "王弼以沖用不窮、滿實則溢說不盈，歸於道體無窮。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "王弼以冲用不穷、满实则溢说不盈，归于道体无穷。" }, { "noteId": "c014", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英以一中遣二偏、還遣一中說不盈，防人住於中一。", "textTrad": "成玄英以一中遣二偏、還遣一中說不盈，防人住於中一。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英以一中遣二偏、还遣一中说不盈，防人住于中一。" }, { "noteId": "c020", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "唐玄宗以沖和之氣生成萬物而不盈滿，不敢正言，故云或似。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗以沖和之氣生成萬物而不盈滿，不敢正言，故云或似。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "唐玄宗以冲和之气生成万物而不盈满，不敢正言，故云或似。" }, { "noteId": "c030", "relation": "指歸", "relationTrad": "指歸", "text": "嚴遵以至虛至無說沖和，以中道破兩邊、病除藥遣說不盈。", "textTrad": "嚴遵以至虛至無說沖和，以中道破兩邊、病除藥遣說不盈。", "relationSimp": "指归", "textSimp": "严遵以至虚至无说冲和，以中道破两边、病除药遣说不盈。" }, { "noteId": "c032", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮以中道破兩邊說不盈，與嚴遵同一路數而語更簡。", "textTrad": "李榮以中道破兩邊說不盈，與嚴遵同一路數而語更簡。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣以中道破两边说不盈，与严遵同一路数而语更简。" }, { "noteId": "c038", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "陸希聲以真精為體、沖虛為用，說天下歸之而未嘗盈滿。", "textTrad": "陸希聲以真精為體、沖虛為用，說天下歸之而未嘗盈滿。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "陆希声以真精为体、冲虚为用，说天下归之而未尝盈满。" }, { "noteId": "c039", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "呂惠卿以負陰抱陽、沖氣為和，說道體沖而其用不盈。", "textTrad": "呂惠卿以負陰抱陽、沖氣為和，說道體沖而其用不盈。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "吕惠卿以负阴抱阳、冲气为和，说道体冲而其用不盈。" }, { "noteId": "c040", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "蘇轍以道沖然至無而無所不遍，說似不盈而非真虛。", "textTrad": "蘇轍以道沖然至無而無所不遍，說似不盈而非真虛。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "苏辙以道冲然至无而无所不遍，说似不盈而非真虚。" }, { "noteId": "c043", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄以器虛釋沖，說用道者亦當虛而不盈。", "textTrad": "吳澄以器虛釋沖，說用道者亦當虛而不盈。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄以器虚释冲，说用道者亦当虚而不盈。" }, { "noteId": "c046", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "憨山以道體至虛而充滿天地，說無形不可見，故曰不盈。", "textTrad": "憨山以道體至虛而充滿天地，說無形不可見，故曰不盈。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "憨山以道体至虚而充满天地，说无形不可见，故曰不盈。" }, { "noteId": "c047", "relation": "本義", "relationTrad": "本義", "text": "魏源以《說文》器虛之訓立說，歸於體用一源。", "textTrad": "魏源以《說文》器虛之訓立說，歸於體用一源。", "relationSimp": "本义", "textSimp": "魏源以《说文》器虚之训立说，归于体用一源。" }, { "noteId": "c049", "relation": "衍", "relationTrad": "衍", "text": "王夫之以沖受四數之歸而四數不留，說用而不盈。", "textTrad": "王夫之以沖受四數之歸而四數不留，說用而不盈。", "relationSimp": "衍", "textSimp": "王夫之以冲受四数之归而四数不留，说用而不盈。" } ], "nameSimp": "道冲而用之不盈", "questionSimp": "「道冲而用之或不盈」，道体既虚，为何能用之不竭而不满盈？", "introSimp": "「冲」是全章的第一个字，也是诸家分歧的起点。河上公释「中」，以匿名藏誉、谦虚不盈为说；王弼以「冲而用之又复不盈」说道体无穷，形大不能累其体，事殷不能充其量；成玄英以一中遣二偏、还遣一中说「不盈」；唐玄宗以冲和之气生成万物而不盈满；严遵、李荣同以中道破两边、病除药遣为说；陆希声以真精为体、冲虚为用；吕惠卿以负阴抱阳、冲气为和；苏辙以道冲然至无而无所不遍；吴澄以器虚释冲；憨山以道体至虚而充满天地；魏源以《说文》「盅，器虚也」立说；王夫之以「受四数之归而四数不留」说冲。诸家路数虽异，都反对把「不盈」解作空无所有。" }, { "id": "wanwuzong", "name": "淵兮似萬物之宗", "nameTrad": "淵兮似萬物之宗", "question": "道既「不盈」，為何又「似萬物之宗」？「似」字何義？", "questionTrad": "道既「不盈」，為何又「似萬物之宗」？「似」字何義？", "intro": "如果說道「不盈」，接著又說它「似萬物之宗」，似乎自相矛盾：一個虛而不滿的東西，如何能為萬物所歸？諸家的解釋正落在「似」字上。河上公謂道淵深不可知，故似為宗祖；王弼以「萬物舍此而求主」反問，主不在道之外；成玄英以止水能鑒、聖知照物為喻，說「無宗而宗，宗不定宗」；唐玄宗以妙本深靜、生物不盈為說；李榮以海深百谷朝為喻；陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之則分別從體用、沖氣、深眇、統宗、依歸、物物不物等角度，說明「宗」不是另立一個主宰，「似」正是承認道不可正名。嚴遵此句無專文，故不列。", "introTrad": "如果說道「不盈」，接著又說它「似萬物之宗」，似乎自相矛盾：一個虛而不滿的東西，如何能為萬物所歸？諸家的解釋正落在「似」字上。河上公謂道淵深不可知，故似為宗祖；王弼以「萬物舍此而求主」反問，主不在道之外；成玄英以止水能鑒、聖知照物為喻，說「無宗而宗，宗不定宗」；唐玄宗以妙本深靜、生物不盈為說；李榮以海深百谷朝為喻；陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之則分別從體用、沖氣、深眇、統宗、依歸、物物不物等角度，說明「宗」不是另立一個主宰，「似」正是承認道不可正名。嚴遵此句無專文，故不列。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "道淵深不可知，似為萬物宗祖。", "thesisTrad": "道淵深不可知，似為萬物宗祖。", "noteIds": [ "c003" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "道渊深不可知，似为万物宗祖。" }, "wangbi": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "萬物舍此而求主，主其安在乎？不亦淵兮似萬物之宗乎？", "thesisTrad": "萬物舍此而求主，主其安在乎？不亦淵兮似萬物之宗乎？", "noteIds": [ "c011" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "万物舍此而求主，主其安在乎？不亦渊兮似万物之宗乎？" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "止水能鑒，聖知照萬法；無宗而宗，宗不定宗，故言似。", "thesisTrad": "止水能鑒，聖知照萬法；無宗而宗，宗不定宗，故言似。", "noteIds": [ "c015" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "止水能鉴，圣知照万法；无宗而宗，宗不定宗，故言似。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "道常生物而不盈滿，妙本深靜，故似為萬物宗主。", "thesisTrad": "道常生物而不盈滿，妙本深靜，故似為萬物宗主。", "noteIds": [ "c021", "c026" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "道常生物而不盈满，妙本深静，故似为万物宗主。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "海深故百谷朝歸，道深故萬物宗奉。", "thesisTrad": "海深故百谷朝歸，道深故萬物宗奉。", "noteIds": [ "c033" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "海深故百谷朝归，道深故万物宗奉。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "萬物宗之，淵深不測；得其體用，則可挫銳解紛、和光同塵。", "thesisTrad": "萬物宗之，淵深不測；得其體用，則可挫銳解紛、和光同塵。", "noteIds": [ "c038" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "万物宗之，渊深不测；得其体用，则可挫锐解纷、和光同尘。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "求其為宗者固不可得，似之而已。", "thesisTrad": "求其為宗者固不可得，似之而已。", "noteIds": [ "c039" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "求其为宗者固不可得，似之而已。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "淵兮深眇，知其為萬物宗而不敢正言，故曰似。", "thesisTrad": "淵兮深眇，知其為萬物宗而不敢正言，故曰似。", "noteIds": [ "c040" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "渊兮深眇，知其为万物宗而不敢正言，故曰似。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "宗者族之統，道者萬物之統；似者不敢必之辭。", "thesisTrad": "宗者族之統，道者萬物之統；似者不敢必之辭。", "noteIds": [ "c043" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "宗者族之统，道者万物之统；似者不敢必之辞。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "道體淵深寂漠，能發育萬物而為所依歸，生而不有，故曰似。", "thesisTrad": "道體淵深寂漠，能發育萬物而為所依歸，生而不有，故曰似。", "noteIds": [ "c046" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "道体渊深寂漠，能发育万物而为所依归，生而不有，故曰似。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "淵然其深，物物而不物於物，似萬物之宗。", "thesisTrad": "淵然其深，物物而不物於物，似萬物之宗。", "noteIds": [ "c047" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "渊然其深，物物而不物于物，似万物之宗。" }, "wangfuzhi": { "workType": "衍", "workTypeTrad": "衍", "thesis": "雖有亢子不能背其宗；似而象之，因物之不能違以為名。", "thesisTrad": "雖有亢子不能背其宗；似而象之，因物之不能違以為名。", "noteIds": [ "c049" ], "workTypeSimp": "衍", "thesisSimp": "虽有亢子不能背其宗；似而象之，因物之不能违以为名。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c003", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公以淵深不可知釋宗，謂似為萬物宗祖。", "textTrad": "河上公以淵深不可知釋宗，謂似為萬物宗祖。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公以渊深不可知释宗，谓似为万物宗祖。" }, { "noteId": "c011", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "王弼以萬物求主反問，說宗主不在道外。", "textTrad": "王弼以萬物求主反問，說宗主不在道外。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "王弼以万物求主反问，说宗主不在道外。" }, { "noteId": "c015", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英以止水為喻，說無宗而宗、宗不定宗。", "textTrad": "成玄英以止水為喻，說無宗而宗、宗不定宗。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英以止水为喻，说无宗而宗、宗不定宗。" }, { "noteId": "c021", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "唐玄宗以妙本深靜、生物不盈，說似為萬物宗主。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗以妙本深靜、生物不盈，說似為萬物宗主。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "唐玄宗以妙本深静、生物不盈，说似为万物宗主。" }, { "noteId": "c033", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮以海深百谷朝，喻道深萬物宗。", "textTrad": "李榮以海深百谷朝，喻道深萬物宗。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣以海深百谷朝，喻道深万物宗。" }, { "noteId": "c038", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "陸希聲以淵深不測說萬物宗之。", "textTrad": "陸希聲以淵深不測說萬物宗之。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "陆希声以渊深不测说万物宗之。" }, { "noteId": "c039", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "呂惠卿以宗不可得，說似之而已。", "textTrad": "呂惠卿以宗不可得，說似之而已。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "吕惠卿以宗不可得，说似之而已。" }, { "noteId": "c040", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "蘇轍以知其為宗而不敢正言，釋「似」字。", "textTrad": "蘇轍以知其為宗而不敢正言，釋「似」字。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "苏辙以知其为宗而不敢正言，释「似」字。" }, { "noteId": "c043", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄以族統喻道統，說似者不敢必。", "textTrad": "吳澄以族統喻道統，說似者不敢必。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄以族统喻道统，说似者不敢必。" }, { "noteId": "c046", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "憨山以生而不有、為而不宰，說道為萬物依歸。", "textTrad": "憨山以生而不有、為而不宰，說道為萬物依歸。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "憨山以生而不有、为而不宰，说道为万物依归。" }, { "noteId": "c047", "relation": "本義", "relationTrad": "本義", "text": "魏源以物物而不物於物，說淵深而為宗。", "textTrad": "魏源以物物而不物於物，說淵深而為宗。", "relationSimp": "本义", "textSimp": "魏源以物物而不物于物，说渊深而为宗。" }, { "noteId": "c049", "relation": "衍", "relationTrad": "衍", "text": "王夫之以物不能違，說似而象之乃所以為名。", "textTrad": "王夫之以物不能違，說似而象之乃所以為名。", "relationSimp": "衍", "textSimp": "王夫之以物不能违，说似而象之乃所以为名。" } ], "nameSimp": "渊兮似万物之宗", "questionSimp": "道既「不盈」，为何又「似万物之宗」？「似」字何义？", "introSimp": "如果说道「不盈」，接着又说它「似万物之宗」，似乎自相矛盾：一个虚而不满的东西，如何能为万物所归？诸家的解释正落在「似」字上。河上公谓道渊深不可知，故似为宗祖；王弼以「万物舍此而求主」反问，主不在道之外；成玄英以止水能鉴、圣知照物为喻，说「无宗而宗，宗不定宗」；唐玄宗以妙本深静、生物不盈为说；李荣以海深百谷朝为喻；陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之则分别从体用、冲气、深眇、统宗、依归、物物不物等角度，说明「宗」不是另立一个主宰，「似」正是承认道不可正名。严遵此句无专文，故不列。" }, { "id": "cuohe", "name": "挫銳解紛與和光同塵", "nameTrad": "挫銳解紛與和光同塵", "question": "「挫其銳，解其紛，和其光，同其塵」是修身的工夫，還是應世的方術？", "questionTrad": "「挫其銳，解其紛，和其光，同其塵」是修身的工夫，還是應世的方術？", "intro": "四句在全章中位置特殊：前兩句說道體，後兩句說道之深寂，中間忽然轉入「挫、解、和、同」四個動詞。河上公逐字作修身解，謂銳情進取當挫、結恨當解、獨見之明當如暗昧、與眾庶同而不殊別；王弼以「銳挫而無損，紛解而不勞，和光而不汙其體，同塵而不渝其真」說道用；成玄英以韜光晦迹、處染不染說聖人應凡；唐玄宗以沖和抑止銛利、釋散紛擾，並批評俗學求復則彌結；嚴遵以有志無銳、有心無思為說；李榮分銳、紛為前識與可欲；陸希聲以挫俗情、解世故為言；呂惠卿以心出而交物為銳、物至而交心為紛；蘇轍以不流於妄、不構於物為全道；吳澄以「其」字分屬己物，力破一句一義之解；憨山、魏源、王夫之則以子房、體用、四數為喻。四句既可修身，也可應世，諸家並不把它限於一端。", "introTrad": "四句在全章中位置特殊：前兩句說道體，後兩句說道之深寂，中間忽然轉入「挫、解、和、同」四個動詞。河上公逐字作修身解，謂銳情進取當挫、結恨當解、獨見之明當如暗昧、與眾庶同而不殊別；王弼以「銳挫而無損，紛解而不勞，和光而不汙其體，同塵而不渝其真」說道用；成玄英以韜光晦迹、處染不染說聖人應凡；唐玄宗以沖和抑止銛利、釋散紛擾，並批評俗學求復則彌結；嚴遵以有志無銳、有心無思為說；李榮分銳、紛為前識與可欲；陸希聲以挫俗情、解世故為言；呂惠卿以心出而交物為銳、物至而交心為紛；蘇轍以不流於妄、不構於物為全道；吳澄以「其」字分屬己物，力破一句一義之解；憨山、魏源、王夫之則以子房、體用、四數為喻。四句既可修身，也可應世，諸家並不把它限於一端。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "銳情進取當挫止，結恨當以無為解；獨見之明當如暗昧，與眾庶同而不殊別。", "thesisTrad": "銳情進取當挫止，結恨當以無為解；獨見之明當如暗昧，與眾庶同而不殊別。", "noteIds": [ "c004", "c005", "c006", "c007" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "锐情进取当挫止，结恨当以无为解；独见之明当如暗昧，与众庶同而不殊别。" }, "wangbi": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "銳挫而無損，紛解而不勞，和光而不汙其體，同塵而不渝其真。", "thesisTrad": "銳挫而無損，紛解而不勞，和光而不汙其體，同塵而不渝其真。", "noteIds": [ "c012" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "锐挫而无损，纷解而不劳，和光而不污其体，同尘而不渝其真。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "體知物境虛幻，令進求之人息於貪競；韜光晦迹，處染不染。", "thesisTrad": "體知物境虛幻，令進求之人息於貪競；韜光晦迹，處染不染。", "noteIds": [ "c016", "c017" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "体知物境虚幻，令进求之人息于贪竞；韬光晦迹，处染不染。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "道以沖和，抑止銛利、釋散紛擾；在光與光為一，在塵與塵為一，而妙本非光塵。", "thesisTrad": "道以沖和，抑止銛利、釋散紛擾；在光與光為一，在塵與塵為一，而妙本非光塵。", "noteIds": [ "c022", "c023", "c027" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "道以冲和，抑止铦利、释散纷扰；在光与光为一，在尘与尘为一，而妙本非光尘。" }, "yanzun": { "workType": "指歸", "workTypeTrad": "指歸", "thesis": "有志而無銳，有心而無思，設無設之設，圖無圖之圖。", "thesisTrad": "有志而無銳，有心而無思，設無設之設，圖無圖之圖。", "noteIds": [ "c031" ], "workTypeSimp": "指归", "thesisSimp": "有志而无锐，有心而无思，设无设之设，图无图之图。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "前識傷性、可欲亂正為銳與紛；虛懷忘己、遺彼忘我為挫與解。", "thesisTrad": "前識傷性、可欲亂正為銳與紛；虛懷忘己、遺彼忘我為挫與解。", "noteIds": [ "c034", "c035", "c036" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "前识伤性、可欲乱正为锐与纷；虚怀忘己、遗彼忘我为挫与解。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "得其用則可挫俗情之鋒銳、解世故之糾紛；得其體則可和光同塵。", "thesisTrad": "得其用則可挫俗情之鋒銳、解世故之糾紛；得其體則可和光同塵。", "noteIds": [ "c038" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "得其用则可挫俗情之锋锐、解世故之纠纷；得其体则可和光同尘。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "心出而入物為銳，物至而交心為紛；挫之勿行，解之勿擾。", "thesisTrad": "心出而入物為銳，物至而交心為紛；挫之勿行，解之勿擾。", "noteIds": [ "c039" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "心出而入物为锐，物至而交心为纷；挫之勿行，解之勿扰。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "挫銳恐其流於妄，解紛恐其與物構；不流不構，外患去而光生。", "thesisTrad": "挫銳恐其流於妄，解紛恐其與物構；不流不構，外患去而光生。", "noteIds": [ "c041" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "挫锐恐其流于妄，解纷恐其与物构；不流不构，外患去而光生。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "銳者必鈍、光者必暗，故先自摧其銳、自掩其光；四「其」字分屬己物。", "thesisTrad": "銳者必鈍、光者必暗，故先自摧其銳、自掩其光；四「其」字分屬己物。", "noteIds": [ "c044" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "锐者必钝、光者必暗，故先自摧其锐、自掩其光；四「其」字分属己物。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "剛銳之志氣智唯道能挫，是非紛擾以不言之辯解，韜光內照，與俗混一。", "thesisTrad": "剛銳之志氣智唯道能挫，是非紛擾以不言之辯解，韜光內照，與俗混一。", "noteIds": [ "c046" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "刚锐之志气智唯道能挫，是非纷扰以不言之辩解，韬光内照，与俗混一。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "人之用常失於盈，恃銳與人為紛、以光照人之塵；挫銳則紛解，和光則塵同。", "thesisTrad": "人之用常失於盈，恃銳與人為紛、以光照人之塵；挫銳則紛解，和光則塵同。", "noteIds": [ "c047" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "人之用常失于盈，恃锐与人为纷、以光照人之尘；挫锐则纷解，和光则尘同。" }, "wangfuzhi": { "workType": "衍", "workTypeTrad": "衍", "thesis": "陽用銳而體光，陰用紛而體塵；唯沖可受四數之歸而四數不留。", "thesisTrad": "陽用銳而體光，陰用紛而體塵；唯沖可受四數之歸而四數不留。", "noteIds": [ "c048", "c049" ], "workTypeSimp": "衍", "thesisSimp": "阳用锐而体光，阴用纷而体尘；唯冲可受四数之归而四数不留。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c004", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公逐字作修身解，以挫止銳情、無為解紛立說。", "textTrad": "河上公逐字作修身解，以挫止銳情、無為解紛立說。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公逐字作修身解，以挫止锐情、无为解纷立说。" }, { "noteId": "c012", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "王弼以銳挫無損、紛解不勞、光不汙體、塵不渝真說道用。", "textTrad": "王弼以銳挫無損、紛解不勞、光不汙體、塵不渝真說道用。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "王弼以锐挫无损、纷解不劳、光不污体、尘不渝真说道用。" }, { "noteId": "c016", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英以物境虛幻、息於貪競釋挫銳解紛。", "textTrad": "成玄英以物境虛幻、息於貪競釋挫銳解紛。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英以物境虚幻、息于贪竞释挫锐解纷。" }, { "noteId": "c022", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "唐玄宗以沖和抑止銛利、釋散紛擾，並警戒俗學求復。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗以沖和抑止銛利、釋散紛擾，並警戒俗學求復。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "唐玄宗以冲和抑止铦利、释散纷扰，并警戒俗学求复。" }, { "noteId": "c031", "relation": "指歸", "relationTrad": "指歸", "text": "嚴遵以有志無銳、有心無思，說無設之設、無圖之圖。", "textTrad": "嚴遵以有志無銳、有心無思，說無設之設、無圖之圖。", "relationSimp": "指归", "textSimp": "严遵以有志无锐、有心无思，说无设之设、无图之图。" }, { "noteId": "c034", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮以前識傷性為銳，以虛懷忘己、以道折之為挫。", "textTrad": "李榮以前識傷性為銳，以虛懷忘己、以道折之為挫。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣以前识伤性为锐，以虚怀忘己、以道折之为挫。" }, { "noteId": "c038", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "陸希聲以挫俗情、解世故、和光同塵為得道體用。", "textTrad": "陸希聲以挫俗情、解世故、和光同塵為得道體用。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "陆希声以挫俗情、解世故、和光同尘为得道体用。" }, { "noteId": "c039", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "呂惠卿以心出交物為銳、物至交心為紛，說勿行勿擾。", "textTrad": "呂惠卿以心出交物為銳、物至交心為紛，說勿行勿擾。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "吕惠卿以心出交物为锐、物至交心为纷，说勿行勿扰。" }, { "noteId": "c041", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "蘇轍以不流於妄、不構於物為全道之要。", "textTrad": "蘇轍以不流於妄、不構於物為全道之要。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "苏辙以不流于妄、不构于物为全道之要。" }, { "noteId": "c044", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄以銳必鈍、光必暗，說先自摧自掩；四「其」字分屬己物。", "textTrad": "吳澄以銳必鈍、光必暗，說先自摧自掩；四「其」字分屬己物。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄以锐必钝、光必暗，说先自摧自掩；四「其」字分属己物。" }, { "noteId": "c046", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "憨山以剛銳唯道能挫、是非以不言解，說韜光混俗。", "textTrad": "憨山以剛銳唯道能挫、是非以不言解，說韜光混俗。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "憨山以刚锐唯道能挫、是非以不言解，说韬光混俗。" }, { "noteId": "c047", "relation": "本義", "relationTrad": "本義", "text": "魏源以恃銳為紛、以光照塵為失，說挫銳和光則用不盈。", "textTrad": "魏源以恃銳為紛、以光照塵為失，說挫銳和光則用不盈。", "relationSimp": "本义", "textSimp": "魏源以恃锐为纷、以光照尘为失，说挫锐和光则用不盈。" }, { "noteId": "c048", "relation": "衍", "relationTrad": "衍", "text": "王夫之以陽銳陰紛、體光體塵分屬四數，歸於沖。", "textTrad": "王夫之以陽銳陰紛、體光體塵分屬四數，歸於沖。", "relationSimp": "衍", "textSimp": "王夫之以阳锐阴纷、体光体尘分属四数，归于冲。" } ], "nameSimp": "挫锐解纷与和光同尘", "questionSimp": "「挫其锐，解其纷，和其光，同其尘」是修身的工夫，还是应世的方术？", "introSimp": "四句在全章中位置特殊：前两句说道体，后两句说道之深寂，中间忽然转入「挫、解、和、同」四个动词。河上公逐字作修身解，谓锐情进取当挫、结恨当解、独见之明当如暗昧、与众庶同而不殊别；王弼以「锐挫而无损，纷解而不劳，和光而不污其体，同尘而不渝其真」说道用；成玄英以韬光晦迹、处染不染说圣人应凡；唐玄宗以冲和抑止铦利、释散纷扰，并批评俗学求复则弥结；严遵以有志无锐、有心无思为说；李荣分锐、纷为前识与可欲；陆希声以挫俗情、解世故为言；吕惠卿以心出而交物为锐、物至而交心为纷；苏辙以不流于妄、不构于物为全道；吴澄以「其」字分属己物，力破一句一义之解；憨山、魏源、王夫之则以子房、体用、四数为喻。四句既可修身，也可应世，诸家并不把它限于一端。" }, { "id": "zhanxiang", "name": "湛兮似或存與象帝之先", "nameTrad": "湛兮似或存與象帝之先", "question": "「湛兮似或存」與「象帝之先」，是在說道體的存在，還是道的來源？", "questionTrad": "「湛兮似或存」與「象帝之先」，是在說道體的存在，還是道的來源？", "intro": "末兩句把讀者從工夫拉回道體。「湛兮似或存」說的是道體深寂，若有若無；「吾不知誰之子，象帝之先」說的是道不由他物所生，卻又好像在天帝之先。河上公以湛然安靜、長存不亡為說，又以道自在天帝之前；王弼以「地守其形、天懷其象」說天地莫能及，故似帝之先；成玄英以神凝姑射、動不乖寂說常存，以「先而不先，不先而先」說象；唐玄宗以妙本不雜說湛，以道非生法、故無父說誰子；李榮以「光而不耀，涅而不緇」說湛然常存，以「考之事用，在天帝之先」說象；陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之則分別從真精、沖氣、常存、道體虛、不可測知、體用一源、四數不留等角度收束全章。嚴遵此二節無專文，故不列。", "introTrad": "末兩句把讀者從工夫拉回道體。「湛兮似或存」說的是道體深寂，若有若無；「吾不知誰之子，象帝之先」說的是道不由他物所生，卻又好像在天帝之先。河上公以湛然安靜、長存不亡為說，又以道自在天帝之前；王弼以「地守其形、天懷其象」說天地莫能及，故似帝之先；成玄英以神凝姑射、動不乖寂說常存，以「先而不先，不先而先」說象；唐玄宗以妙本不雜說湛，以道非生法、故無父說誰子；李榮以「光而不耀，涅而不緇」說湛然常存，以「考之事用，在天帝之先」說象；陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之則分別從真精、沖氣、常存、道體虛、不可測知、體用一源、四數不留等角度收束全章。嚴遵此二節無專文，故不列。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "湛然安靜故能長存不亡；道自在天帝之前，乃先天地生。", "thesisTrad": "湛然安靜故能長存不亡；道自在天帝之前，乃先天地生。", "noteIds": [ "c008", "c009", "c010" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "湛然安静故能长存不亡；道自在天帝之前，乃先天地生。" }, "wangbi": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "銳挫紛解、和光同塵而不渝其真，故湛兮似或存；天地莫能及，故似帝之先。", "thesisTrad": "銳挫紛解、和光同塵而不渝其真，故湛兮似或存；天地莫能及，故似帝之先。", "noteIds": [ "c012", "c013" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "锐挫纷解、和光同尘而不渝其真，故湛兮似或存；天地莫能及，故似帝之先。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "和同光塵而神凝姑射，動不乖寂，故云常存；先而不先，不先而先，故加以象。", "thesisTrad": "和同光塵而神凝姑射，動不乖寂，故云常存；先而不先，不先而先，故加以象。", "noteIds": [ "c018", "c019" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "和同光尘而神凝姑射，动不乖寂，故云常存；先而不先，不先而先，故加以象。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "和光同塵而妙本不雜，故湛兮似有所存；道非生法故無父，似在乎帝先。", "thesisTrad": "和光同塵而妙本不雜，故湛兮似有所存；道非生法故無父，似在乎帝先。", "noteIds": [ "c024", "c025", "c028", "c029" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "和光同尘而妙本不杂，故湛兮似有所存；道非生法故无父，似在乎帝先。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "光而不耀、涅而不緇，故湛然清淨而常存；考之事用，在天帝之先。", "thesisTrad": "光而不耀、涅而不緇，故湛然清淨而常存；考之事用，在天帝之先。", "noteIds": [ "c036", "c037" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "光而不耀、涅而不缁，故湛然清净而常存；考之事用，在天帝之先。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "湛兮不可得窺而綿綿若存；吾不能知其所始，象若先天地而生。", "thesisTrad": "湛兮不可得窺而綿綿若存；吾不能知其所始，象若先天地而生。", "noteIds": [ "c038" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "湛兮不可得窥而绵绵若存；吾不能知其所始，象若先天地而生。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "虛盈存亡吾無所容心，故不知其所自生；生天神帝，故曰象帝之先。", "thesisTrad": "虛盈存亡吾無所容心，故不知其所自生；生天神帝，故曰象帝之先。", "noteIds": [ "c039" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "虚盈存亡吾无所容心，故不知其所自生；生天神帝，故曰象帝之先。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "道常存而人莫之識，故曰似或存；帝先矣而又先於帝，則莫或先之。", "thesisTrad": "道常存而人莫之識，故曰似或存；帝先矣而又先於帝，則莫或先之。", "noteIds": [ "c041", "c042" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "道常存而人莫之识，故曰似或存；帝先矣而又先于帝，则莫或先之。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "道體虛，故其存於此似或存而非實有一物；天由道生，無有在道之先者。", "thesisTrad": "道體虛，故其存於此似或存而非實有一物；天由道生，無有在道之先者。", "noteIds": [ "c044", "c045" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "道体虚，故其存于此似或存而非实有一物；天由道生，无有在道之先者。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "道體湛然不動，雖用而無跡，故曰湛兮或存；不知其所從來，故曰誰之子。", "thesisTrad": "道體湛然不動，雖用而無跡，故曰湛兮或存；不知其所從來，故曰誰之子。", "noteIds": [ "c046" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "道体湛然不动，虽用而无迹，故曰湛兮或存；不知其所从来，故曰谁之子。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "湛兮若存，則其體仍盅；體用一源，復乎道之本然，象帝之先。", "thesisTrad": "湛兮若存，則其體仍盅；體用一源，復乎道之本然，象帝之先。", "noteIds": [ "c047" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "湛兮若存，则其体仍盅；体用一源，复乎道之本然，象帝之先。" }, "wangfuzhi": { "workType": "衍", "workTypeTrad": "衍", "thesis": "受四數之歸而四數不留；雖有泰帝不能軼其先，似而象之以為名。", "thesisTrad": "受四數之歸而四數不留；雖有泰帝不能軼其先，似而象之以為名。", "noteIds": [ "c049" ], "workTypeSimp": "衍", "thesisSimp": "受四数之归而四数不留；虽有泰帝不能轶其先，似而象之以为名。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c008", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公以湛然安靜、長存不亡釋湛兮，以道在天帝之前釋象帝之先。", "textTrad": "河上公以湛然安靜、長存不亡釋湛兮，以道在天帝之前釋象帝之先。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公以湛然安静、长存不亡释湛兮，以道在天帝之前释象帝之先。" }, { "noteId": "c012", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "王弼以銳挫紛解而不渝其真，說湛兮似或存。", "textTrad": "王弼以銳挫紛解而不渝其真，說湛兮似或存。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "王弼以锐挫纷解而不渝其真，说湛兮似或存。" }, { "noteId": "c018", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英以神凝姑射、動不乖寂釋常存，以先而不先釋象。", "textTrad": "成玄英以神凝姑射、動不乖寂釋常存，以先而不先釋象。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英以神凝姑射、动不乖寂释常存，以先而不先释象。" }, { "noteId": "c024", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "唐玄宗以妙本不雜釋湛，以道非生法故無父釋誰子。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗以妙本不雜釋湛，以道非生法故無父釋誰子。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "唐玄宗以妙本不杂释湛，以道非生法故无父释谁子。" }, { "noteId": "c036", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮以光而不耀、涅而不緇，說湛然清淨而常存。", "textTrad": "李榮以光而不耀、涅而不緇，說湛然清淨而常存。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣以光而不耀、涅而不缁，说湛然清净而常存。" }, { "noteId": "c038", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "陸希聲以不可得窺而綿綿若存，說湛兮似或存。", "textTrad": "陸希聲以不可得窺而綿綿若存，說湛兮似或存。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "陆希声以不可得窥而绵绵若存，说湛兮似或存。" }, { "noteId": "c039", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "呂惠卿以虛盈存亡無所容心，說不知其所自生。", "textTrad": "呂惠卿以虛盈存亡無所容心，說不知其所自生。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "吕惠卿以虚盈存亡无所容心，说不知其所自生。" }, { "noteId": "c041", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "蘇轍以常存而人莫之識釋似或存。", "textTrad": "蘇轍以常存而人莫之識釋似或存。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "苏辙以常存而人莫之识释似或存。" }, { "noteId": "c044", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄以道體虛、非實有一物釋似或存。", "textTrad": "吳澄以道體虛、非實有一物釋似或存。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄以道体虚、非实有一物释似或存。" }, { "noteId": "c046", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "憨山以湛然不動、用而無跡釋湛兮或存。", "textTrad": "憨山以湛然不動、用而無跡釋湛兮或存。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "憨山以湛然不动、用而无迹释湛兮或存。" }, { "noteId": "c047", "relation": "本義", "relationTrad": "本義", "text": "魏源以體仍為盅、體用一源，說復乎道本而象帝之先。", "textTrad": "魏源以體仍為盅、體用一源，說復乎道本而象帝之先。", "relationSimp": "本义", "textSimp": "魏源以体仍为盅、体用一源，说复乎道本而象帝之先。" }, { "noteId": "c049", "relation": "衍", "relationTrad": "衍", "text": "王夫之以四數不留、泰帝不能軼其先，收束全章。", "textTrad": "王夫之以四數不留、泰帝不能軼其先，收束全章。", "relationSimp": "衍", "textSimp": "王夫之以四数不留、泰帝不能轶其先，收束全章。" } ], "nameSimp": "湛兮似或存与象帝之先", "questionSimp": "「湛兮似或存」与「象帝之先」，是在说道体的存在，还是道的来源？", "introSimp": "末两句把读者从工夫拉回道体。「湛兮似或存」说的是道体深寂，若有若无；「吾不知谁之子，象帝之先」说的是道不由他物所生，却又好像在天帝之先。河上公以湛然安静、长存不亡为说，又以道自在天帝之前；王弼以「地守其形、天怀其象」说天地莫能及，故似帝之先；成玄英以神凝姑射、动不乖寂说常存，以「先而不先，不先而先」说象；唐玄宗以妙本不杂说湛，以道非生法、故无父说谁子；李荣以「光而不耀，涅而不缁」说湛然常存，以「考之事用，在天帝之先」说象；陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之则分别从真精、冲气、常存、道体虚、不可测知、体用一源、四数不留等角度收束全章。严遵此二节无专文，故不列。" } ], "requiredSources": [ "heshanggong", "chengxuanying", "tangxuanzong" ] }, "schema": "librebook.chapter/1", "generatedAt": "2026-10-30T11:41:46.838Z", "keyPrefix": "laozi-04", "idRules": { "chapter": "章节目录名（slug），如 01；URL 为 /laozi/01/。", "sentence": "章内局部编号 sNNN，全篇引用使用 laozi-01:sNNN；页面锚点继续使用 #sNNN。", "commentary": "章内注号 cNNN，字词注 nNNN，校记 kNNN；编号在章内稳定，跨章引用时加章节前缀。", "paragraph": "章内段落号 pNNN，与 sentence.paragraph 对应。" }, "book": { "id": "laozi", "slug": "laozi", "title": "老子", "titleSimp": "老子", "author": "老聃", "authorSimp": "老聃", "era": "春秋", "eraSimp": "春秋", "editor": "河上公、王弼等", "editorSimp": "河上公、王弼等", "edition": "王弼《老子注》", "editionSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "baseLabel": "王弼《老子注》", "baseLabelSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "separationLabel": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英義疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、嚴遵指歸、李榮注、陸希聲傳、呂惠卿傳、蘇轍老子解、吳澄道德真經注、憨山道德經解、魏源老子本義、俞樾平議、王夫之老子衍十四家", "separationLabelSimp": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英义疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、严遵指归、李荣注、陆希声传、吕惠卿传、苏辙老子解、吴澄道德真经注、憨山道德经解、魏源老子本义、俞樾平议、王夫之老子衍十四家", "intro": "《老子》八十一章，分道經、德經。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》為底本，逐章整理正文、舊注、今譯與校記；第一至八十一章已上線，全帙完竣。", "introSimp": "《老子》八十一章，分道经、德经。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》为底本，逐章整理正文、旧注、今译与校记；第一至八十一章已上线，全帙完竣。" }, "volume": { "id": "daojing", "order": 1, "title": "道經", "titleSimp": "道经" }, "chapter": { "id": "laozi-04", "slug": "04", "order": 4, "title": "第四章", "titleSimp": "第四章", "status": "published", "revision": "初校", "review": "待复核", "updated": "2026-10-29", "summary": "以「道沖而用之或不盈」開篇，說道體虛而用不窮、似為萬物之宗；轉入挫銳解紛、和光同塵，末以「湛兮似或存」「象帝之先」收結；附河上公、王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、嚴遵、李榮、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之十三家注疏。", "summarySimp": "以「道冲而用之或不盈」开篇，说道体虚而用不穷、似为万物之宗；转入挫锐解纷、和光同尘，末以「湛兮似或存」「象帝之先」收结；附河上公、王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、严遵、李荣、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之十三家注疏。", "dataFile": "data/chapters/laozi-04.json", "relationsFile": "data/commentary-relations-laozi-04.json", "url": "/laozi/04/", "orderLabel": "第四", "volumeId": "daojing", "part": "道經", "partSimp": "道经" }, "paragraphs": [ { "id": "p001", "no": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001", "s002" ], "count": 2 }, { "id": "p002", "no": 2, "sentenceIds": [ "s003", "s004", "s005", "s006" ], "count": 4 } ], "coverage": { "sentences": 6, "paragraphs": 2, "notes": { "covered": 6, "total": 6, "percent": 100 }, "charNotes": { "covered": 6, "total": 6, "percent": 100 }, "collations": { "covered": 5, "total": 6, "percent": 83.3, "count": 7 }, "translations": { "covered": 6, "total": 6, "percent": 100 } } }