{ "meta": { "book": { "id": "laozi", "title": "老子", "titleSimp": "老子", "author": "老聃", "authorSimp": "老聃", "era": "春秋", "eraSimp": "春秋", "editor": "河上公、王弼等", "editorSimp": "河上公、王弼等", "edition": "王弼《老子注》", "editionSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "slug": "laozi", "baseLabel": "王弼《老子注》", "baseLabelSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "separationLabel": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英義疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、嚴遵指歸、李榮注、陸希聲傳、呂惠卿傳、蘇轍老子解、吳澄道德真經注、憨山道德經解、魏源老子本義、俞樾平議、王夫之老子衍十四家", "separationLabelSimp": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英义疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、严遵指归、李荣注、陆希声传、吕惠卿传、苏辙老子解、吴澄道德真经注、憨山道德经解、魏源老子本义、俞樾平议、王夫之老子衍十四家", "intro": "《老子》八十一章，分道經、德經。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》為底本，逐章整理正文、舊注、今譯與校記；第一至八十一章已上線，全帙完竣。", "introSimp": "《老子》八十一章，分道经、德经。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》为底本，逐章整理正文、旧注、今译与校记；第一至八十一章已上线，全帙完竣。" }, "chapter": { "id": "laozi-05", "no": 5, "part": "道經", "partSimp": "道经", "title": "第五章", "titleSimp": "第五章", "intro": "《老子》第五章，河上公題「虛用」，唐玄宗題「天地不仁章」。全章六句：前四句以天地、聖人與芻狗、橐籥為喻，說不施仁恩而任自然、虛空而用不窮；末二句「多言數窮，不如守中」由天道轉入治道與修身。本站以王弼《老子注》為底本，分列河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英義疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、嚴遵指歸、李榮注、陸希聲傳、呂惠卿傳、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》與王夫之《老子衍》，並附編者今譯。「不仁」諸家皆解作不作有心之愛，非殘忍無情；魏源更翻案謂此章乃悲天憫人之詞。", "introSimp": "《老子》第五章，河上公题「虚用」，唐玄宗题「天地不仁章」。全章六句：前四句以天地、圣人与刍狗、橐籥为喻，说不施仁恩而任自然、虚空而用不穷；末二句「多言数穷，不如守中」由天道转入治道与修身。本站以王弼《老子注》为底本，分列河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英义疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、严遵指归、李荣注、陆希声传、吕惠卿传、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》与王夫之《老子衍》，并附编者今译。「不仁」诸家皆解作不作有心之爱，非残忍无情；魏源更翻案谓此章乃悲天悯人之词。", "guide": "點擊任一句可展開句注；點擊字詞可看本句訓釋；按「諸家並觀」可將同一句的十三家舊注並列對讀。", "guideSimp": "点击任一句可展开句注；点击字词可看本句训释；按「诸家并观」可将同一句的十三家旧注并列对读。", "slug": "05", "order": 5, "status": "published", "revision": "初校", "review": "待复核", "updated": "2026-10-29", "summary": "以「天地不仁，以萬物為芻狗」開篇，借芻狗、橐籥為喻，說天地聖人無心於仁而任自然、虛空而用不窮；末以「多言數窮，不如守中」由天道轉入治道與修身；附河上公、王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、嚴遵、李榮、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之十三家注疏。", "summarySimp": "以「天地不仁，以万物为刍狗」开篇，借刍狗、橐籥为喻，说天地圣人无心于仁而任自然、虚空而用不穷；末以「多言数穷，不如守中」由天道转入治道与修身；附河上公、王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、严遵、李荣、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之十三家注疏。", "dataFile": "data/chapters/laozi-05.json", "relationsFile": "data/commentary-relations-laozi-05.json", "url": "/laozi/05/", "volumeId": "daojing", "volumeTitle": "道經", "volumeTitleSimp": "道经", "orderLabel": "第五" }, "edition": { "base": "王弼《老子注》", "baseEdition": "王弼《老子注》通行本", "separation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、嚴遵《道德真經指歸》、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德真經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》、王夫之《老子衍》諸本對校；陸希聲、呂惠卿二家據《道藏》本，參焦竑《老子翼》所輯", "punctuation": "數字轉錄所附現代標點，本站僅作閱讀輔助，尚未逐字復核原刻", "digital": "中華典藏網、大道家園公開轉錄、Kanripo 漢籍全文資料庫（僅作文字底本）", "caution": "《玄德纂疏》數字本訛字較多，河上公、王弼、唐玄宗御注御疏、蘇轍、吳澄、李榮、陸希聲、呂惠卿別取專本；成玄英疏、嚴遵文字經人工校正，刪除現代整理者所加校勘括號，未補缺文。憨山、魏源、王夫之據公開轉錄本校讀。", "baseSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "baseEditionSimp": "王弼《老子注》通行本", "separationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、严遵《道德真经指归》、李荣《道德真经注》、陆希声《道德真经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》、王夫之《老子衍》诸本对校；陆希声、吕惠卿二家据《道藏》本，参焦竑《老子翼》所辑", "punctuationSimp": "数字转录所附现代标点，本站仅作阅读辅助，尚未逐字复核原刻", "digitalSimp": "中华典藏网、大道家园公开转录、Kanripo 汉籍全文资料库（仅作文字底本）", "cautionSimp": "《玄德纂疏》数字本讹字较多，河上公、王弼、唐玄宗御注御疏、苏辙、吴澄、李荣、陆希声、吕惠卿别取专本；成玄英疏、严遵文字经人工校正，删除现代整理者所加校勘括号，未补缺文。憨山、魏源、王夫之据公开转录本校读。" }, "license": { "historical": "公有領域", "translation": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "code": "MIT" }, "stats": { "sentences": 6, "commentaries": 42, "charNotes": 10, "collations": 5 } }, "sources": [ { "id": "heshanggong", "name": "河上公章句", "short": "河上公", "author": "河上公", "work": "老子道德經章句", "era": "漢", "years": "傳漢文帝時", "color": "#a3542c", "desc": "分章句解，兼重治身與治國；此章以「不以仁恩，任自然」釋不仁，以空虛和氣、守德於中為說。", "count": 9, "nameSimp": "河上公章句", "workSimp": "老子道德经章句", "authorSimp": "河上公", "eraSimp": "汉", "yearsSimp": "传汉文帝时", "descSimp": "分章句解，兼重治身与治国；此章以「不以仁恩，任自然」释不仁，以空虚和气、守德于中为说。", "shortSimp": "河上公" }, { "id": "wangbi", "name": "王弼注", "short": "王注", "author": "王弼", "work": "老子道德經注", "era": "曹魏", "years": "226–249", "color": "#8c5a2b", "desc": "以「無」為本，倡崇本息末；此章以「无為无造」釋不仁，以橐籥空洞無情、守數中則无窮盡說虛用。", "count": 3, "nameSimp": "王弼注", "workSimp": "老子道德经注", "authorSimp": "王弼", "eraSimp": "曹魏", "yearsSimp": "226–249", "descSimp": "以「无」为本，倡崇本息末；此章以「无为无造」释不仁，以橐籥空洞无情、守数中则无穷尽说虚用。", "shortSimp": "王注" }, { "id": "chengxuanying", "name": "成玄英疏", "short": "成疏", "author": "成玄英", "work": "老子道德經義疏", "era": "唐", "years": "約 608–669", "color": "#6b7a4a", "desc": "以重玄雙遣為宗；此章以芻狗有狗名而無狗實說萬物虛幻，以空心利物、守中長生久視為解。", "count": 4, "nameSimp": "成玄英疏", "workSimp": "老子道德经义疏", "authorSimp": "成玄英", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "约 608–669", "descSimp": "以重玄双遣为宗；此章以刍狗有狗名而无狗实说万物虚幻，以空心利物、守中长生久视为解。", "shortSimp": "成疏" }, { "id": "tangxuanzong", "name": "唐玄宗御注御疏", "short": "御注", "author": "李隆基", "work": "道德真經注疏", "era": "唐", "years": "685–762", "color": "#9b3d3d", "desc": "帝王御注，兼採諸家；此章以「至仁無親乃至親」翻轉不仁之說，以虛而無心、抱守中和為歸。", "count": 7, "nameSimp": "唐玄宗御注御疏", "workSimp": "道德真经注疏", "authorSimp": "李隆基", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "685–762", "descSimp": "帝王御注，兼采诸家；此章以「至仁无亲乃至亲」翻转不仁之说，以虚而无心、抱守中和为归。", "shortSimp": "御注" }, { "id": "yanzun", "name": "嚴遵指歸", "short": "嚴指歸", "author": "嚴遵", "work": "道德真經指歸", "era": "漢", "years": "約前 83–10", "color": "#7a5c3e", "desc": "以自然、真素立說；此章以泊然無為、非傾心為仁愛說天地，以釋虛事愛則氣息不依說橐籥；「天地之間」句無專文。", "count": 3, "nameSimp": "严遵指归", "workSimp": "道德真经指归", "authorSimp": "严遵", "eraSimp": "汉", "yearsSimp": "约前 83–10", "descSimp": "以自然、真素立说；此章以泊然无为、非倾心为仁爱说天地，以释虚事爱则气息不依说橐籥；「天地之间」句无专文。", "shortSimp": "严指归" }, { "id": "lirong", "name": "李榮注", "short": "李注", "author": "李榮", "work": "道德真經注", "era": "唐", "years": "生卒不詳", "color": "#4f6b7a", "desc": "唐初道士，以重玄遣執解《老》；此章以有愛則有憎、天地無心絕於憎愛釋不仁，以中空生物、守中忘言為說。", "count": 4, "nameSimp": "李荣注", "workSimp": "道德真经注", "authorSimp": "李荣", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "生卒不详", "descSimp": "唐初道士，以重玄遣执解《老》；此章以有爱则有憎、天地无心绝于憎爱释不仁，以中空生物、守中忘言为说。", "shortSimp": "李注" }, { "id": "luxisheng", "name": "陸希聲傳", "short": "陸傳", "author": "陸希聲", "work": "道德經傳", "era": "唐", "years": "？–895", "color": "#6a5a7a", "desc": "以情性說《老》；此章以無用則無私、無私則無恩而大恩生，說天地聖人不仁之大仁。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "陆希声传", "workSimp": "道德经传", "authorSimp": "陆希声", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "？–895", "descSimp": "以情性说《老》；此章以无用则无私、无私则无恩而大恩生，说天地圣人不仁之大仁。", "shortSimp": "陆传" }, { "id": "lvhuiqing", "name": "呂惠卿傳", "short": "呂傳", "author": "呂惠卿", "work": "道德真經傳", "era": "北宋", "years": "1032–1111", "color": "#7a6a4a", "desc": "北宋新學一系；此章以「無所事仁」為大仁，以不有不無、不取不捨為守中。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "吕惠卿传", "workSimp": "道德真经传", "authorSimp": "吕惠卿", "eraSimp": "北宋", "yearsSimp": "1032–1111", "descSimp": "北宋新学一系；此章以「无所事仁」为大仁，以不有不无、不取不舍为守中。", "shortSimp": "吕传" }, { "id": "suzhe", "name": "蘇轍老子解", "short": "蘇解", "author": "蘇轍", "work": "老子解", "era": "北宋", "years": "1039–1112", "color": "#4a6a6a", "desc": "以形名言道；此章以天地無私、生死非吾仁，說不仁乃仁之大；以虛中為橐籥之報。", "count": 3, "nameSimp": "苏辙老子解", "workSimp": "老子解", "authorSimp": "苏辙", "eraSimp": "北宋", "yearsSimp": "1039–1112", "descSimp": "以形名言道；此章以天地无私、生死非吾仁，说不仁乃仁之大；以虚中为橐籥之报。", "shortSimp": "苏解" }, { "id": "wucheng", "name": "吳澄道德真經注", "short": "吳注", "author": "吳澄", "work": "道德真經注", "era": "元", "years": "1249–1333", "color": "#5a6a3a", "desc": "元代朱學大家；此章以有心於愛則心不虛釋不仁，以橐象太虛、籥象元氣，中為籥所湊之處。", "count": 3, "nameSimp": "吴澄道德真经注", "workSimp": "道德真经注", "authorSimp": "吴澄", "eraSimp": "元", "yearsSimp": "1249–1333", "descSimp": "元代朱学大家；此章以有心于爱则心不虚释不仁，以橐象太虚、籥象元气，中为籥所凑之处。", "shortSimp": "吴注" }, { "id": "hanshan", "name": "憨山道德經解", "short": "憨山", "author": "釋德清", "work": "道德經解", "era": "明", "years": "1546–1623", "color": "#705a4a", "desc": "晚明高僧；此章以無心而成物、忘言而體玄為綱，謂生而不有、雖用而本非有。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "憨山道德经解", "workSimp": "道德经解", "authorSimp": "释德清", "eraSimp": "明", "yearsSimp": "1546–1623", "descSimp": "晚明高僧；此章以无心而成物、忘言而体玄为纲，谓生而不有、虽用而本非有。", "shortSimp": "憨山" }, { "id": "weiyuan", "name": "魏源老子本義", "short": "魏本義", "author": "魏源", "work": "老子本義", "era": "清", "years": "1794–1857", "color": "#3d5a6a", "desc": "清代今文經學家；此章翻案謂乃悲天憫人、無所歸咎之詞，以中虛無物、氣機自出說橐籥。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "魏源老子本义", "workSimp": "老子本义", "authorSimp": "魏源", "eraSimp": "清", "yearsSimp": "1794–1857", "descSimp": "清代今文经学家；此章翻案谓乃悲天悯人、无所归咎之词，以中虚无物、气机自出说橐籥。", "shortSimp": "魏本义" }, { "id": "wangfuzhi", "name": "船山衍", "short": "船山", "author": "王夫之", "work": "老子衍", "era": "清", "years": "1619–1692", "color": "#3f5d52", "desc": "以「兩端生於一致」解《老》；此章以風生於空、橐待於鼓說虛用，以仁為有窮之業。", "count": 2, "nameSimp": "船山衍", "workSimp": "老子衍", "authorSimp": "王夫之", "eraSimp": "清", "yearsSimp": "1619–1692", "descSimp": "以「两端生于一致」解《老》；此章以风生于空、橐待于鼓说虚用，以仁为有穷之业。", "shortSimp": "船山" }, { "id": "translator", "name": "本站今譯", "short": "今譯", "author": "LibreBook 編者", "work": "今譯", "era": "當代", "years": "", "color": "#8a8a8a", "desc": "編者據舊注與上下文所作語體今譯，供閱讀參照。", "count": 6, "nameSimp": "本站今译", "workSimp": "今译", "authorSimp": "LibreBook 编者", "eraSimp": "当代", "yearsSimp": "", "descSimp": "编者据旧注与上下文所作语体今译，供阅读参照。", "shortSimp": "今译" } ], "sentences": [ { "id": "s001", "paragraph": 1, "text": "天地不仁，以萬物為芻狗；", "textSimp": "天地不仁，以万物为刍狗；", "translation": "天地不施仁恩，把万物看作草扎的祭狗；", "translationTrad": "天地不施仁恩，把萬物看作草紮的祭狗；", "noteIds": [ "c001", "c002", "c010", "c013", "c017", "c021", "c024", "c027", "c031", "c032", "c033", "c036", "c039", "c040", "c042" ], "noteCount": 15, "charNoteIds": [ "n001", "n002" ], "key": "laozi-05:s001", "n": 1 }, { "id": "s002", "paragraph": 1, "text": "聖人不仁，以百姓為芻狗。", "textSimp": "圣人不仁，以百姓为刍狗。", "translation": "圣人不施仁恩，把百姓看作草扎的祭狗。", "translationTrad": "聖人不施仁恩，把百姓看作草紮的祭狗。", "noteIds": [ "c003", "c004", "c010", "c013", "c017", "c021", "c024", "c028", "c031", "c032", "c033", "c036", "c039", "c040", "c042" ], "noteCount": 15, "charNoteIds": [ "n003", "n004" ], "key": "laozi-05:s002", "n": 2 }, { "id": "s003", "paragraph": 2, "text": "天地之間，其猶橐籥乎？", "textSimp": "天地之间，其犹橐籥乎？", "translation": "天地之间，岂不像风箱与管籥吗？", "translationTrad": "天地之間，豈不像風箱與管籥嗎？", "noteIds": [ "c005", "c006", "c011", "c014", "c018", "c022", "c029", "c031", "c032", "c034", "c037", "c039", "c040", "c042" ], "noteCount": 14, "charNoteIds": [ "n005" ], "key": "laozi-05:s003", "n": 3 }, { "id": "s004", "paragraph": 2, "text": "虛而不屈，動而愈出。", "textSimp": "虚而不屈，动而愈出。", "translation": "空虚而不竭尽，一鼓动就愈出愈多。", "translationTrad": "空虛而不竭盡，一鼓動就愈出愈多。", "noteIds": [ "c007", "c011", "c015", "c019", "c022", "c025", "c029", "c031", "c032", "c034", "c037", "c039", "c040", "c041", "c042" ], "noteCount": 15, "charNoteIds": [ "n006", "n007" ], "key": "laozi-05:s004", "n": 4 }, { "id": "s005", "paragraph": 3, "text": "多言數窮，", "textSimp": "多言数穷，", "translation": "政令繁多反而屡屡困穷，", "translationTrad": "政令繁多反而屢屢困窮，", "noteIds": [ "c008", "c012", "c016", "c020", "c023", "c026", "c030", "c031", "c032", "c035", "c038", "c039", "c040", "c041", "c042" ], "noteCount": 15, "charNoteIds": [ "n008", "n009" ], "key": "laozi-05:s005", "n": 5 }, { "id": "s006", "paragraph": 3, "text": "不如守中。", "textSimp": "不如守中。", "translation": "不如守住虚静的中道。", "translationTrad": "不如守住虛靜的中道。", "noteIds": [ "c009", "c012", "c016", "c020", "c023", "c026", "c030", "c031", "c032", "c035", "c038", "c039", "c040", "c042" ], "noteCount": 14, "charNoteIds": [ "n010" ], "key": "laozi-05:s006", "n": 6 } ], "commentaries": [ { "id": "c001", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "天地不仁", "kind": "note", "text": "天施地化，不以仁恩，任自然。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "textSimp": "天施地化，不以仁恩，任自然。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》", "lemmaSimp": "天地不仁" }, { "id": "c002", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "以萬物為芻狗", "kind": "note", "text": "天地生萬物，人最為貴，天地視之如芻草狗畜，不責望其報。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "textSimp": "天地生万物，人最为贵，天地视之如刍草狗畜，不责望其报。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》", "lemmaSimp": "以万物为刍狗" }, { "id": "c003", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "聖人不仁", "kind": "note", "text": "聖人愛養萬民，不以仁恩，法天地之行自然。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "textSimp": "圣人爱养万民，不以仁恩，法天地之行自然。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》", "lemmaSimp": "圣人不仁" }, { "id": "c004", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "以百姓為芻狗", "kind": "note", "text": "聖人視百姓如芻草狗畜，不責望於其禮意。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "textSimp": "圣人视百姓如刍草狗畜，不责望于其礼意。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》", "lemmaSimp": "以百姓为刍狗" }, { "id": "c005", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "天地之間", "kind": "note", "text": "天地之間空虛，和氣流行，故萬物自生。人能除情欲，卻滋味，清五臟，則神明居。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "textSimp": "天地之间空虚，和气流行，故万物自生。人能除情欲，却滋味，清五脏，则神明居。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》", "lemmaSimp": "天地之间" }, { "id": "c006", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "其猶橐籥乎", "kind": "note", "text": "橐籥中空虛，故能有聲氣。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "textSimp": "橐籥中空虚，故能有声气。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》", "lemmaSimp": "其犹橐籥乎" }, { "id": "c007", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "虛而不屈，動而愈出", "kind": "note", "text": "言空虛无有竭時，動搖之，益出聲氣。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "textSimp": "言空虚无有竭时，动摇之，益出声气。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》", "lemmaSimp": "虚而不屈，动而愈出" }, { "id": "c008", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "多言數窮", "kind": "note", "text": "多事害神，多言害身，口開舌舉，必有禍患。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "textSimp": "多事害神，多言害身，口开舌举，必有祸患。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》", "lemmaSimp": "多言数穷" }, { "id": "c009", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s006", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "不如守中", "kind": "note", "text": "不如守德於中，育養精神，愛氣希言。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "textSimp": "不如守德于中，育养精神，爱气希言。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》", "lemmaSimp": "不如守中" }, { "id": "c010", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "天地不仁，以萬物為芻狗；聖人不仁，以百姓為芻狗", "kind": "note", "text": "天地任自然，无為无造，萬物自相治理，故不仁也。仁者必造立施化，有恩有為；造立施化則物失其真，有恩有為則物不具存，物不具存則不足以備載矣。地不為獸生芻而獸食芻，不為人生狗而人食狗，无為於萬物而萬物各適其所用，則莫不贍矣。若慧由己樹，未足任也。聖人與天地合其德，以百姓比芻狗也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》", "textSimp": "天地任自然，无为无造，万物自相治理，故不仁也。仁者必造立施化，有恩有为；造立施化则物失其真，有恩有为则物不具存，物不具存则不足以备载矣。地不为兽生刍而兽食刍，不为人生狗而人食狗，无为于万物而万物各适其所用，则莫不赡矣。若慧由己树，未足任也。圣人与天地合其德，以百姓比刍狗也。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》", "lemmaSimp": "天地不仁，以万物为刍狗；圣人不仁，以百姓为刍狗" }, { "id": "c011", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "天地之間，其猶橐籥乎？虛而不屈，動而愈出", "kind": "note", "text": "橐，排橐也；籥，樂籥也。橐籥之中空洞，无情无為，故虛而不得窮屈，動而不可竭盡也。天地之中，蕩然任自然，故不可得而窮，猶若橐籥也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》", "textSimp": "橐，排橐也；籥，乐籥也。橐籥之中空洞，无情无为，故虚而不得穷屈，动而不可竭尽也。天地之中，荡然任自然，故不可得而穷，犹若橐籥也。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》", "lemmaSimp": "天地之间，其犹橐籥乎？虚而不屈，动而愈出" }, { "id": "c012", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "多言數窮，不如守中", "kind": "note", "text": "愈為之則愈失之矣。物樹其惡，事錯其言，不濟不言，不理必窮之數也。橐籥而守數中，則无窮盡；棄己任物，則莫不理。若橐籥有意於為聲也，則不足以共吹者之求也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》", "textSimp": "愈为之则愈失之矣。物树其恶，事错其言，不济不言，不理必穷之数也。橐籥而守数中，则无穷尽；弃己任物，则莫不理。若橐籥有意于为声也，则不足以共吹者之求也。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》", "lemmaSimp": "多言数穷，不如守中" }, { "id": "c013", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "天地不仁，以萬物為芻狗；聖人不仁，以百姓為芻狗", "kind": "note", "text": "仁，恩也；芻狗，草狗也，《莊》云「已陳之芻狗」。且圓穹在上，方峙於下，二儀覆載，亭毒群生，有大至功而言不仁者，視萬物如一狗也。何者？夫芻狗之為物，但有狗名而無狗實也，況一切萬物虛幻亦然，莫不相與皆空，故無恩報之可責也。聖人者與天地合其德，與日月齊其明，故能空心利物，功侔造化，所以先舉天地，次顯聖人。聖人雖復拯救蒼生，竟不見能化所化，亦同芻狗虛幻無實也。前舉二儀遍該無識，故稱萬物；後顯聖人意在有情，故言百姓。非是不化無識，為有識能稟教故也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》", "textSimp": "仁，恩也；刍狗，草狗也，《庄》云「已陈之刍狗」。且圆穹在上，方峙于下，二仪覆载，亭毒群生，有大至功而言不仁者，视万物如一狗也。何者？夫刍狗之为物，但有狗名而无狗实也，况一切万物虚幻亦然，莫不相与皆空，故无恩报之可责也。圣人者与天地合其德，与日月齐其明，故能空心利物，功侔造化，所以先举天地，次显圣人。圣人虽复拯救苍生，竟不见能化所化，亦同刍狗虚幻无实也。前举二仪遍该无识，故称万物；后显圣人意在有情，故言百姓。非是不化无识，为有识能禀教故也。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》", "lemmaSimp": "天地不仁，以万物为刍狗；圣人不仁，以百姓为刍狗" }, { "id": "c014", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "天地之間，其猶橐籥乎", "kind": "note", "text": "橐，韝袋也；籥，簫管也。夫天地聖人虛心利物，譬彼笙管，方資韝袋，虛心之義，繼在下文。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》", "textSimp": "橐，鞲袋也；籥，箫管也。夫天地圣人虚心利物，譬彼笙管，方资鞲袋，虚心之义，继在下文。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》", "lemmaSimp": "天地之间，其犹橐籥乎" }, { "id": "c015", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "虛而不屈，動而愈出", "kind": "note", "text": "屈，竭也。橐籥內空，故出聲氣不竭，亦猶天地無心，故能生化無窮也。動而愈出者，言橐籥動則聲氣生，聖人應則經教出也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》", "textSimp": "屈，竭也。橐籥内空，故出声气不竭，亦犹天地无心，故能生化无穷也。动而愈出者，言橐籥动则声气生，圣人应则经教出也。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》", "lemmaSimp": "虚而不屈，动而愈出" }, { "id": "c016", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "多言數窮，不如守中", "kind": "note", "text": "多聞博贍也，數窮多言也。博學多言，唯益世智，既不體理，道歸於窮。中，一道也。多聞適足有為，守中即長生久視。以此校量，故不如守中也。故《莊子》云「文滅質，博溺心」，又陽朱云「鄰人以多岐路所以亡羊，學者以多方所以喪道」也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》", "textSimp": "多闻博赡也，数穷多言也。博学多言，唯益世智，既不体理，道归于穷。中，一道也。多闻适足有为，守中即长生久视。以此校量，故不如守中也。故《庄子》云「文灭质，博溺心」，又阳朱云「邻人以多岐路所以亡羊，学者以多方所以丧道」也。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》", "lemmaSimp": "多言数穷，不如守中" }, { "id": "c017", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "天地不仁，以萬物為芻狗；聖人不仁，以百姓為芻狗", "kind": "note", "text": "不仁者，不為仁恩也。芻狗者，結芻為狗也。犬以守禦則有蔽蓋之恩，今芻狗徒有狗形而無警吠之用，故無情於仁愛也。言天地視人亦如人視芻狗，無責望爾。嘗試論之曰：夫至仁無親，孰為兼愛？愛則不至，適是偏私。不獨親其親，則天下皆親矣；不獨子其子，則天下皆子矣。是則至仁之無親，乃至親也，豈兼愛乎？", "authorNote": "御注", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "textSimp": "不仁者，不为仁恩也。刍狗者，结刍为狗也。犬以守御则有蔽盖之恩，今刍狗徒有狗形而无警吠之用，故无情于仁爱也。言天地视人亦如人视刍狗，无责望尔。尝试论之曰：夫至仁无亲，孰为兼爱？爱则不至，适是偏私。不独亲其亲，则天下皆亲矣；不独子其子，则天下皆子矣。是则至仁之无亲，乃至亲也，岂兼爱乎？", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（御注）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》", "authorNoteSimp": "御注", "lemmaSimp": "天地不仁，以万物为刍狗；圣人不仁，以百姓为刍狗" }, { "id": "c018", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "天地之間，其猶橐籥乎", "kind": "note", "text": "橐者，韝也；籥者，笛也。橐之鼓風，笛之運吹，皆以虛而無心，故能動而有應；則天地之間生物無私者，亦以虛而無心故也。", "authorNote": "御注", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "textSimp": "橐者，鞲也；籥者，笛也。橐之鼓风，笛之运吹，皆以虚而无心，故能动而有应；则天地之间生物无私者，亦以虚而无心故也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（御注）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》", "authorNoteSimp": "御注", "lemmaSimp": "天地之间，其犹橐籥乎" }, { "id": "c019", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "虛而不屈，動而愈出", "kind": "note", "text": "橐籥虛之而不屈撓，動之而愈出聲，以況聖人心無偏愛，則無屈撓之時，應用不窮，可謂動而愈出也。", "authorNote": "御注", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "textSimp": "橐籥虚之而不屈挠，动之而愈出声，以况圣人心无偏爱，则无屈挠之时，应用不穷，可谓动而愈出也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（御注）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》", "authorNoteSimp": "御注", "lemmaSimp": "虚而不屈，动而愈出" }, { "id": "c020", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "多言數窮，不如守中", "kind": "note", "text": "多言而不酬，故數被窮屈；兼愛則難遍，便致怨憎。故不如抱守中和，自然皆足。", "authorNote": "御注", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "textSimp": "多言而不酬，故数被穷屈；兼爱则难遍，便致怨憎。故不如抱守中和，自然皆足。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（御注）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》", "authorNoteSimp": "御注", "lemmaSimp": "多言数穷，不如守中" }, { "id": "c021", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "天地不仁，以萬物為芻狗；聖人不仁，以百姓為芻狗", "kind": "note", "text": "仁者，兼愛之目也。芻，草也，謂結草為狗，以用祭祀也。《莊子》師金謂顏回曰：「夫芻狗之未陳，巾以文繡；及其已陳，則蘇者取而爨之。」今天地至仁，生成群物，亦如人結草為狗，不責其吠守之功，不以生成為仁恩，故云「不仁」也。則聖人在宥天下，視彼百姓亦當如此爾。注云「蔽蓋之恩」者，孔子曰「蔽蓋不棄，為埋狗也」；「不獨親其親」者，《禮運》文也。", "authorNote": "御疏", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "textSimp": "仁者，兼爱之目也。刍，草也，谓结草为狗，以用祭祀也。《庄子》师金谓颜回曰：「夫刍狗之未陈，巾以文绣；及其已陈，则苏者取而爨之。」今天地至仁，生成群物，亦如人结草为狗，不责其吠守之功，不以生成为仁恩，故云「不仁」也。则圣人在宥天下，视彼百姓亦当如此尔。注云「蔽盖之恩」者，孔子曰「蔽盖不弃，为埋狗也」；「不独亲其亲」者，《礼运》文也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（御疏）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》", "authorNoteSimp": "御疏", "lemmaSimp": "天地不仁，以万物为刍狗；圣人不仁，以百姓为刍狗" }, { "id": "c022", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "天地之間，其猶橐籥乎？虛而不屈，動而愈出", "kind": "note", "text": "橐，韝也，謂以皮為橐，鼓風以吹火也；籥，笛也。言天地能芻狗萬物者，為其間空虛，故生成無私而不責望；亦猶橐之鼓風、笛之運吹，常應求者，於我無情，故能虛之而不屈撓，動之愈出聲氣，以況人君虛心玄默，淳化均一，則無屈撓，日用不知，動而愈出也。", "authorNote": "御疏", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "textSimp": "橐，鞲也，谓以皮为橐，鼓风以吹火也；籥，笛也。言天地能刍狗万物者，为其间空虚，故生成无私而不责望；亦犹橐之鼓风、笛之运吹，常应求者，于我无情，故能虚之而不屈挠，动之愈出声气，以况人君虚心玄默，淳化均一，则无屈挠，日用不知，动而愈出也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（御疏）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》", "authorNoteSimp": "御疏", "lemmaSimp": "天地之间，其犹橐籥乎？虚而不屈，动而愈出" }, { "id": "c023", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "多言數窮，不如守中", "kind": "note", "text": "多言者，多有兼愛之言也。多有兼愛之言而行難遍，故數窮屈不遂。是知不如忘懷虛應，抱守中和，則自然皆足矣。注云「不酬」者，酬，答也，謂空有其言而行不酬答。", "authorNote": "御疏", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "textSimp": "多言者，多有兼爱之言也。多有兼爱之言而行难遍，故数穷屈不遂。是知不如忘怀虚应，抱守中和，则自然皆足矣。注云「不酬」者，酬，答也，谓空有其言而行不酬答。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（御疏）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》", "authorNoteSimp": "御疏", "lemmaSimp": "多言数穷，不如守中" }, { "id": "c024", "block": 0, "source": "yanzun", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "天地不仁，以萬物為芻狗；聖人不仁，以百姓為芻狗", "kind": "note", "text": "天以高而清明，地以厚而潤寧，陰陽交通，和氣流行，泊然行無為而萬物自生，非傾心以為仁愛。聖人秉道統和，清靜不改，一以變化，神明玄達，與道同儀，天下應之，萬物自化，豈不釋恩慮，遑以顯仁愛乎？", "authorNote": "", "citation": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "天以高而清明，地以厚而润宁，阴阳交通，和气流行，泊然行无为而万物自生，非倾心以为仁爱。圣人秉道统和，清静不改，一以变化，神明玄达，与道同仪，天下应之，万物自化，岂不释恩虑，遑以显仁爱乎？", "citationFull": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "citationSimp": "严遵《道德真经指归》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "lemmaSimp": "天地不仁，以万物为刍狗；圣人不仁，以百姓为刍狗" }, { "id": "c025", "block": 0, "source": "yanzun", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "虛而不屈，動而愈出", "kind": "note", "text": "天地釋虛而事愛，則變化不通，物不盡生；聖人釋虛事愛，則德澤不普，海內不升，恩不下究，功不盡成；橐籥釋虛而事愛，則中外隔閉，氣息不依。何則？仁愛之弊矣。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "天地释虚而事爱，则变化不通，物不尽生；圣人释虚事爱，则德泽不普，海内不升，恩不下究，功不尽成；橐籥释虚而事爱，则中外隔闭，气息不依。何则？仁爱之弊矣。", "citationFull": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "citationSimp": "严遵《道德真经指归》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "lemmaSimp": "虚而不屈，动而愈出" }, { "id": "c026", "block": 0, "source": "yanzun", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "多言數窮，不如守中", "kind": "note", "text": "天地不言，以其虛無，得物之中，生物不窮；聖人不言，法令虛而合物，則天獄空而無禁，鬼神靜而無為，天下蕩蕩，不識不知而大治也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "天地不言，以其虚无，得物之中，生物不穷；圣人不言，法令虚而合物，则天狱空而无禁，鬼神静而无为，天下荡荡，不识不知而大治也。", "citationFull": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "citationSimp": "严遵《道德真经指归》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "lemmaSimp": "多言数穷，不如守中" }, { "id": "c027", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "天地不仁，以萬物為芻狗", "kind": "note", "text": "長短相形，是非相對，理自然也。仁，愛也；有愛則有憎。天地無心，絕於憎愛，以無愛故，故曰不仁。芻狗者，結草為狗，古人祝所用，已而棄之。言人於芻狗，用之不以為愛，棄之不以為憎，喻明天地暖然若春氣之自和，生者不以為仁；凄然若秋霜之自降，殺者不以為義。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》", "textSimp": "长短相形，是非相对，理自然也。仁，爱也；有爱则有憎。天地无心，绝于憎爱，以无爱故，故曰不仁。刍狗者，结草为狗，古人祝所用，已而弃之。言人于刍狗，用之不以为爱，弃之不以为憎，喻明天地暖然若春气之自和，生者不以为仁；凄然若秋霜之自降，杀者不以为义。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》", "lemmaSimp": "天地不仁，以万物为刍狗" }, { "id": "c028", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "聖人不仁，以百姓為芻狗", "kind": "note", "text": "聖人無心，與天地合德，不仁芻狗，義可知矣。雖恩霑草木，澤被豚魚，宣風闡化，必先於人，故云百姓也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》", "textSimp": "圣人无心，与天地合德，不仁刍狗，义可知矣。虽恩沾草木，泽被豚鱼，宣风阐化，必先于人，故云百姓也。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》", "lemmaSimp": "圣人不仁，以百姓为刍狗" }, { "id": "c029", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "天地之間，其猶橐籥乎？虛而不屈，動而愈出", "kind": "note", "text": "橐，排橐；籥，樂管。屈，竭也；間，中也。夫橐籥中空，故能出聲氣而不竭；天地中空，故能生品物而無盡。言人若能虛心空身，運用智德，無窮極也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》", "textSimp": "橐，排橐；籥，乐管。屈，竭也；间，中也。夫橐籥中空，故能出声气而不竭；天地中空，故能生品物而无尽。言人若能虚心空身，运用智德，无穷极也。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》", "lemmaSimp": "天地之间，其犹橐籥乎？虚而不屈，动而愈出" }, { "id": "c030", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "多言數窮，不如守中", "kind": "note", "text": "窮，困也。若言當理，滿天下而無過；言而不中，亦出口而禍入，禍云入也，是困窮。然禍福在當與不當，得失非多；今言多則數窮，欲戒多言之失，勸以守中之得，使無滯教，內契忘言也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》", "textSimp": "穷，困也。若言当理，满天下而无过；言而不中，亦出口而祸入，祸云入也，是困穷。然祸福在当与不当，得失非多；今言多则数穷，欲戒多言之失，劝以守中之得，使无滞教，内契忘言也。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》", "lemmaSimp": "多言数穷，不如守中" }, { "id": "c031", "block": 0, "source": "luxisheng", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "第五章", "kind": "note", "text": "萬物資天地而生，天地無取於萬物也；百姓仰聖人而治，聖人無假於百姓也。猶芻狗因神明而成，神明無用於芻狗也。夫唯無用則無私，無私則無恩，是以天地無恩而大恩生，聖人不仁而大仁成，故百姓不辭德於聖人，萬物不謝生於天地。何以知其然哉？吾觀天地之間，猶橐籥之無心也。橐籥無心，故其聲不屈，其氣愈出；天地無心，故生成而不息。故為治不至多言，多言而無敬，則動而數窮矣。未若處無為之事，行不言之教，此為抱道之實、保生之質，乃守中之術也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "万物资天地而生，天地无取于万物也；百姓仰圣人而治，圣人无假于百姓也。犹刍狗因神明而成，神明无用于刍狗也。夫唯无用则无私，无私则无恩，是以天地无恩而大恩生，圣人不仁而大仁成，故百姓不辞德于圣人，万物不谢生于天地。何以知其然哉？吾观天地之间，犹橐籥之无心也。橐籥无心，故其声不屈，其气愈出；天地无心，故生成而不息。故为治不至多言，多言而无敬，则动而数穷矣。未若处无为之事，行不言之教，此为抱道之实、保生之质，乃守中之术也。", "citationFull": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "陆希声《道德经传》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "第五章" }, { "id": "c032", "block": 0, "source": "lvhuiqing", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "第五章", "kind": "note", "text": "夫道冥於象帝之先，而不知誰之所自出，則體此道者，仁惡足以名之哉？夫仁，人心而已矣。天地體此道者也，無所事仁，以萬物為芻狗；聖人體此道者也，無所事仁，以百姓為芻狗。芻狗之為物，無所事仁而畜之者也。萬物者，與天地同體者也；百姓者，與聖人同體者也。天地聖人自視猶芻狗，則其視萬物百姓亦若是而已，則生之畜之長之育之，何所事仁哉？夫唯不仁，是之謂大仁。然則天地之間其猶橐籥，固可見矣。蓋橐籥之為物，唯其虛而不屈，所以動而愈出者也，則人也而體此道者，言出於不言而已。言無言則為無為可知也。發於聲而為言，見於事而為為，或云或為，其實一也。何則？言為之體如是而已。不知此，則言不出於不言；言不出於不言，則異乎橐籥之虛動矣，其多而數窮，不亦宜乎？孔子曰「夫今之歌者其誰乎」，知此則知言出於不言矣。言出於不言，人莫不然也，然而不能者，以其心不麗乎有則麗乎無，不麗乎取則麗乎捨，不能適與道相當故也。不有不無，不取不捨，而適與道相當者，是之謂守中。守中而不已，則知言之所以言矣，則多言數窮，不若守中之為務也。故曰「人心惟危，道心惟微，惟精惟一，允執厥中」。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "呂惠卿《道德真經傳》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "夫道冥于象帝之先，而不知谁之所自出，则体此道者，仁恶足以名之哉？夫仁，人心而已矣。天地体此道者也，无所事仁，以万物为刍狗；圣人体此道者也，无所事仁，以百姓为刍狗。刍狗之为物，无所事仁而畜之者也。万物者，与天地同体者也；百姓者，与圣人同体者也。天地圣人自视犹刍狗，则其视万物百姓亦若是而已，则生之畜之长之育之，何所事仁哉？夫唯不仁，是之谓大仁。然则天地之间其犹橐籥，固可见矣。盖橐籥之为物，唯其虚而不屈，所以动而愈出者也，则人也而体此道者，言出于不言而已。言无言则为无为可知也。发于声而为言，见于事而为为，或云或为，其实一也。何则？言为之体如是而已。不知此，则言不出于不言；言不出于不言，则异乎橐籥之虚动矣，其多而数穷，不亦宜乎？孔子曰「夫今之歌者其谁乎」，知此则知言出于不言矣。言出于不言，人莫不然也，然而不能者，以其心不丽乎有则丽乎无，不丽乎取则丽乎舍，不能适与道相当故也。不有不无，不取不舍，而适与道相当者，是之谓守中。守中而不已，则知言之所以言矣，则多言数穷，不若守中之为务也。故曰「人心惟危，道心惟微，惟精惟一，允执厥中」。", "citationFull": "呂惠卿《道德真經傳》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "吕惠卿《道德真经传》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "第五章" }, { "id": "c033", "block": 0, "source": "suzhe", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "天地不仁，以萬物為芻狗；聖人不仁，以百姓為芻狗", "kind": "note", "text": "天地無私而聽萬物之自然，故萬物自生自死。死非吾虐之，生非吾仁之也。譬如結芻以為狗，設之於祭祀，盡飾以奉之，夫豈愛之？時適然也。既事而棄之，行者踐之，夫豈惡之？亦適然也。聖人之於民亦然，特無以害之，則民全其性，死生得喪吾無與焉。雖未嘗仁之，而仁亦大矣。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "蘇轍《老子解》", "textSimp": "天地无私而听万物之自然，故万物自生自死。死非吾虐之，生非吾仁之也。譬如结刍以为狗，设之于祭祀，尽饰以奉之，夫岂爱之？时适然也。既事而弃之，行者践之，夫岂恶之？亦适然也。圣人之于民亦然，特无以害之，则民全其性，死生得丧吾无与焉。虽未尝仁之，而仁亦大矣。", "citationFull": "蘇轍《老子解》", "citationSimp": "苏辙《老子解》", "lemmaSimp": "天地不仁，以万物为刍狗；圣人不仁，以百姓为刍狗" }, { "id": "c034", "block": 0, "source": "suzhe", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "天地之間，其猶橐籥乎？虛而不屈，動而愈出", "kind": "note", "text": "排之有橐與籥也，方其一動，氣之所及無不靡也。不知者以為機巧極矣，然橐籥則何為哉？蓋亦虛而不屈，是以動而愈出耳。天地之間，其所以生殺萬物、雕刻眾形者，亦若是而已矣。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "蘇轍《老子解》", "textSimp": "排之有橐与籥也，方其一动，气之所及无不靡也。不知者以为机巧极矣，然橐籥则何为哉？盖亦虚而不屈，是以动而愈出耳。天地之间，其所以生杀万物、雕刻众形者，亦若是而已矣。", "citationFull": "蘇轍《老子解》", "citationSimp": "苏辙《老子解》", "lemmaSimp": "天地之间，其犹橐籥乎？虚而不屈，动而愈出" }, { "id": "c035", "block": 0, "source": "suzhe", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "多言數窮，不如守中", "kind": "note", "text": "見其動而愈出，不知其為虛中之報也，故告之以多言數窮，不如守中之不窮也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "蘇轍《老子解》", "textSimp": "见其动而愈出，不知其为虚中之报也，故告之以多言数穷，不如守中之不穷也。", "citationFull": "蘇轍《老子解》", "citationSimp": "苏辙《老子解》", "lemmaSimp": "多言数穷，不如守中" }, { "id": "c036", "block": 0, "source": "wucheng", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "天地不仁，以萬物為芻狗；聖人不仁，以百姓為芻狗", "kind": "note", "text": "仁謂有心於愛之也。芻狗，縛草為狗之形，禱雨所用也，既禱則棄之，無復有顧惜之意。天地無心於愛物，而任其自生自成；聖人無心於愛民，而任其自作自息，故以芻狗為喻。蓋聖人之心虛而無所倚著，若有心於愛民，則心不虛矣。○復，符后切；著，直略切。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "吳澄《道德真經注》", "textSimp": "仁谓有心于爱之也。刍狗，缚草为狗之形，祷雨所用也，既祷则弃之，无复有顾惜之意。天地无心于爱物，而任其自生自成；圣人无心于爱民，而任其自作自息，故以刍狗为喻。盖圣人之心虚而无所倚着，若有心于爱民，则心不虚矣。○复，符后切；着，直略切。", "citationFull": "吳澄《道德真經注》", "citationSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》", "lemmaSimp": "天地不仁，以万物为刍狗；圣人不仁，以百姓为刍狗" }, { "id": "c037", "block": 0, "source": "wucheng", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "天地之間，其猶橐籥乎？虛而不屈，動而愈出", "kind": "note", "text": "橐籥，冶鑄所用噓風熾火之器也。為函以周罩於外者，橐也；為轄以鼓扇於內者，籥也。天地間猶橐籥者，橐象太虛包含周遍之體，籥象元氣絪縕流行之用。不屈謂其動也直，愈出謂其生不窮。惟其橐之虛而籥之化，化者常伸，故其籥之動而橐之生，生者日富。在天地之間者如此；其在人也，則惟心虛無物而氣之道路不壅，故氣動有恒而虛中之生出益多。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "吳澄《道德真經注》", "textSimp": "橐籥，冶铸所用嘘风炽火之器也。为函以周罩于外者，橐也；为辖以鼓扇于内者，籥也。天地间犹橐籥者，橐象太虚包含周遍之体，籥象元气𬘡缊流行之用。不屈谓其动也直，愈出谓其生不穷。惟其橐之虚而籥之化，化者常伸，故其籥之动而橐之生，生者日富。在天地之间者如此；其在人也，则惟心虚无物而气之道路不壅，故气动有恒而虚中之生出益多。", "citationFull": "吳澄《道德真經注》", "citationSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》", "lemmaSimp": "天地之间，其犹橐籥乎？虚而不屈，动而愈出" }, { "id": "c038", "block": 0, "source": "wucheng", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "多言數窮，不如守中", "kind": "note", "text": "數，猶速也；窮，謂氣乏。人而多言，則其氣耗損，是速其匱竭也。不如虛心固守其所，使外物不入，內神不出，則其虛也無涯，而所生之氣亦無涯矣。中，謂橐之內、籥所湊之處也。○數，音朔。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "吳澄《道德真經注》", "textSimp": "数，犹速也；穷，谓气乏。人而多言，则其气耗损，是速其匮竭也。不如虚心固守其所，使外物不入，内神不出，则其虚也无涯，而所生之气亦无涯矣。中，谓橐之内、籥所凑之处也。○数，音朔。", "citationFull": "吳澄《道德真經注》", "citationSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》", "lemmaSimp": "多言数穷，不如守中" }, { "id": "c039", "block": 0, "source": "hanshan", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "第五章", "kind": "note", "text": "此言天地之道，以無心而成物；聖人之道，以忘言而體玄也。仁，好生愛物之心。芻狗，乃縛芻為狗，以用祭祀者。且天地聖人，皆有好生愛物之仁，而今言不仁者，謂天地雖是生育萬物，不是有心要生，蓋由一氣當生，不得不生，故雖生而不有。譬如芻狗，本無用之物，而祭者當用，不得不用，雖用而本非有也，故曰「天地不仁，以萬物為芻狗」。聖人雖是愛養百姓，不是有心要愛，蓋由同體當愛，不得不愛，雖愛而無心；譬如芻狗，雖虛假之物，而尸之者當重，不得不重，雖重而知終無用也，故曰「聖人不仁，以百姓為芻狗」。「猶」，似也。橐，即皮韝，乃鼓風鑄物之器；籥，即管籥，乃承氣出音之器。「屈」，枉己從人之意；「動」，猶感觸也。謂橐籥二物，其體至虛而有用，未嘗恃巧而好為，故用不為伸，不用則虛以自處，置之而亦不自以為屈，故曰「虛而不屈」。且人不用則已，若用之，則觸動其機，任其造作而不休，故曰「動而愈出」。然道在天地，則生生而不已；道在聖人，則既已為人己愈有，既已與人己愈多。大道之妙如此，惜乎談道者不知虛無自然之妙，方且眾口之辯說，說而不休，去道轉遠，故曰「多言數窮」；不若忘言以體玄，故曰「不若守中」。蓋守中，即進道之功夫也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "釋德清《道德經解》", "textSimp": "此言天地之道，以无心而成物；圣人之道，以忘言而体玄也。仁，好生爱物之心。刍狗，乃缚刍为狗，以用祭祀者。且天地圣人，皆有好生爱物之仁，而今言不仁者，谓天地虽是生育万物，不是有心要生，盖由一气当生，不得不生，故虽生而不有。譬如刍狗，本无用之物，而祭者当用，不得不用，虽用而本非有也，故曰「天地不仁，以万物为刍狗」。圣人虽是爱养百姓，不是有心要爱，盖由同体当爱，不得不爱，虽爱而无心；譬如刍狗，虽虚假之物，而尸之者当重，不得不重，虽重而知终无用也，故曰「圣人不仁，以百姓为刍狗」。「犹」，似也。橐，即皮鞲，乃鼓风铸物之器；籥，即管籥，乃承气出音之器。「屈」，枉己从人之意；「动」，犹感触也。谓橐籥二物，其体至虚而有用，未尝恃巧而好为，故用不为伸，不用则虚以自处，置之而亦不自以为屈，故曰「虚而不屈」。且人不用则已，若用之，则触动其机，任其造作而不休，故曰「动而愈出」。然道在天地，则生生而不已；道在圣人，则既已为人己愈有，既已与人己愈多。大道之妙如此，惜乎谈道者不知虚无自然之妙，方且众口之辩说，说而不休，去道转远，故曰「多言数穷」；不若忘言以体玄，故曰「不若守中」。盖守中，即进道之功夫也。", "citationFull": "釋德清《道德經解》", "citationSimp": "释德清《道德经解》", "lemmaSimp": "第五章" }, { "id": "c040", "block": 0, "source": "weiyuan", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "第五章", "kind": "note", "text": "此老子知己道不行，憫世亂之不救，而思遺世隱處、獨善其身之言也。聖人斥當世之君予聖自雄者，結芻為狗，用之祭祀，既畢事則棄而踐之。老子見亂世民命如寄，故感而言曰：悲哉！天地有時而不仁乎，乃視萬物如土苴而聽其生死也；聖人其不重仁乎，乃視斯民如草芥而無所顧惜也。諉之於天地，尊之為聖人，蓋悲天憫人、無所歸咎之詞。然將諉之於天地，而天地不可諉也：夫天地無心而成化，猶橐籥然，中虛無物，氣機所至，動而愈出，所謂「顯諸仁，藏諸用，鼓萬物而不與聖人同憂」也。是聖人固宜有憂矣。天地無心而成化，聖人則有心而無為；百姓萬物之責在於聖人，則非天地之能芻狗之，而人之芻狗之矣。言至此而老子不欲長言矣。然則吾生天地間，既不能使民物各遂其性，而吾亦將自棄其性，一任天人之芻狗乎？近取諸身，則吾身一小天地也，返觀默識，吾有中而自守之，亦何為嘵嘵多言，以其身深與天下事，而自取理數之窮乎？外橐內籥，機而鼓之，致風之器也。屈，竭也。首以天地聖人並言，而繼但言天地，不及聖人者，是即老子不欲多言之故也。數窮，《釋文》謂理數、勢數也。中者，虛中，謂心也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "此老子知己道不行，悯世乱之不救，而思遗世隐处、独善其身之言也。圣人斥当世之君予圣自雄者，结刍为狗，用之祭祀，既毕事则弃而践之。老子见乱世民命如寄，故感而言曰：悲哉！天地有时而不仁乎，乃视万物如土苴而听其生死也；圣人其不重仁乎，乃视斯民如草芥而无所顾惜也。诿之于天地，尊之为圣人，盖悲天悯人、无所归咎之词。然将诿之于天地，而天地不可诿也：夫天地无心而成化，犹橐籥然，中虚无物，气机所至，动而愈出，所谓「显诸仁，藏诸用，鼓万物而不与圣人同忧」也。是圣人固宜有忧矣。天地无心而成化，圣人则有心而无为；百姓万物之责在于圣人，则非天地之能刍狗之，而人之刍狗之矣。言至此而老子不欲长言矣。然则吾生天地间，既不能使民物各遂其性，而吾亦将自弃其性，一任天人之刍狗乎？近取诸身，则吾身一小天地也，返观默识，吾有中而自守之，亦何为哓哓多言，以其身深与天下事，而自取理数之穷乎？外橐内籥，机而鼓之，致风之器也。屈，竭也。首以天地圣人并言，而继但言天地，不及圣人者，是即老子不欲多言之故也。数穷，《释文》谓理数、势数也。中者，虚中，谓心也。", "citationFull": "魏源《老子本義》", "citationSimp": "魏源《老子本义》", "lemmaSimp": "第五章" }, { "id": "c041", "block": 0, "source": "wangfuzhi", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "虛而不屈，動而愈出，多言數窮", "kind": "note", "text": "屈然後仁，出已必窮，仁則必言。", "authorNote": "夾注", "citation": "王夫之《老子衍》", "textSimp": "屈然后仁，出已必穷，仁则必言。", "citationFull": "王夫之《老子衍》（夾注）", "citationSimp": "王夫之《老子衍》", "authorNoteSimp": "夹注", "lemmaSimp": "虚而不屈，动而愈出，多言数穷" }, { "id": "c042", "block": 0, "source": "wangfuzhi", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "第五章", "kind": "evaluation", "text": "風生於空，橐待於鼓，相須以成，而器原非用。故同聲不必其應，而同氣不必其求。是以天不能生，地不能成，天地無以自擅，而況於萬物乎？況於聖人乎？設之於彼者，「虛而不屈」而已矣。道縫其中，則魚可使鳥，而鳥可使魚，仁者不足以似之也。仁者，天之氣，地之滋，有窮之業也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "王夫之《老子衍》", "textSimp": "风生于空，橐待于鼓，相须以成，而器原非用。故同声不必其应，而同气不必其求。是以天不能生，地不能成，天地无以自擅，而况于万物乎？况于圣人乎？设之于彼者，「虚而不屈」而已矣。道缝其中，则鱼可使鸟，而鸟可使鱼，仁者不足以似之也。仁者，天之气，地之滋，有穷之业也。", "citationFull": "王夫之《老子衍》", "citationSimp": "王夫之《老子衍》", "lemmaSimp": "第五章" } ], "charNotes": [ { "id": "n001", "sentenceId": "s001", "start": 2, "end": 4, "char": "不仁", "charSimp": "不仁", "startSimp": 2, "endSimp": 4, "pinyin": "bù rén", "gloss": "不施仁恩、不作有心之愛，非殘忍無情。", "glossSimp": "不施仁恩、不作有心之爱，非残忍无情。", "general": "河上公注：「天施地化，不以仁恩，任自然。」王弼注：「天地任自然，无為无造。」", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「天施地化，不以仁恩，任自然。」王弼注：「天地任自然，无为无造。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "王弼注" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "王弼注" ] }, { "id": "n002", "sentenceId": "s001", "start": 9, "end": 11, "char": "芻狗", "charSimp": "刍狗", "startSimp": 9, "endSimp": 11, "pinyin": "chú gǒu", "gloss": "草紮的狗，祭祀所用，用畢即棄；喻天地任物自然、不責其報。", "glossSimp": "草扎的狗，祭祀所用，用毕即弃；喻天地任物自然、不责其报。", "general": "河上公注：「天地視之如芻草狗畜，不責望其報。」吳澄注：「縛草為狗之形，禱雨所用也，既禱則棄之。」", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「天地视之如刍草狗畜，不责望其报。」吴澄注：「缚草为狗之形，祷雨所用也，既祷则弃之。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "吳澄注" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "吴澄注" ] }, { "id": "n003", "sentenceId": "s002", "start": 0, "end": 2, "char": "聖人", "charSimp": "圣人", "startSimp": 0, "endSimp": 2, "pinyin": "shèng rén", "gloss": "與天地合德的統治者；此章謂其無心於愛民而任民自化。", "glossSimp": "与天地合德的统治者；此章谓其无心于爱民而任民自化。", "general": "王弼注：「聖人與天地合其德，以百姓比芻狗也。」成玄英疏：「聖人者與天地合其德，與日月齊其明。」", "generalSimp": "王弼注：「圣人与天地合其德，以百姓比刍狗也。」成玄英疏：「圣人者与天地合其德，与日月齐其明。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "王弼注", "成玄英疏" ], "refsSimp": [ "王弼注", "成玄英疏" ] }, { "id": "n004", "sentenceId": "s002", "start": 6, "end": 8, "char": "百姓", "charSimp": "百姓", "startSimp": 6, "endSimp": 8, "pinyin": "bǎi xìng", "gloss": "庶民、民眾。", "glossSimp": "庶民、民众。", "general": "河上公注：「聖人視百姓如芻草狗畜。」成玄英疏：「後顯聖人意在有情，故言百姓。」", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「圣人视百姓如刍草狗畜。」成玄英疏：「后显圣人意在有情，故言百姓。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏" ] }, { "id": "n005", "sentenceId": "s003", "start": 7, "end": 9, "char": "橐籥", "charSimp": "橐籥", "startSimp": 7, "endSimp": 9, "pinyin": "tuó yuè", "gloss": "風箱與管籥；喻天地中空無心而生物不窮。", "glossSimp": "风箱与管籥；喻天地中空无心而生物不穷。", "general": "王弼注：「橐，排橐也；籥，樂籥也。」吳澄注：「冶鑄所用噓風熾火之器也。」", "generalSimp": "王弼注：「橐，排橐也；籥，乐籥也。」吴澄注：「冶铸所用嘘风炽火之器也。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "王弼注", "吳澄注" ], "refsSimp": [ "王弼注", "吴澄注" ] }, { "id": "n006", "sentenceId": "s004", "start": 3, "end": 4, "char": "屈", "charSimp": "屈", "startSimp": 3, "endSimp": 4, "pinyin": "qū", "gloss": "竭盡、窮盡。", "glossSimp": "竭尽、穷尽。", "general": "河上公注：「言空虛无有竭時。」李榮注：「屈，竭也。」", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「言空虚无有竭时。」李荣注：「屈，竭也。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "李榮注" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "李荣注" ] }, { "id": "n007", "sentenceId": "s004", "start": 7, "end": 9, "char": "愈出", "charSimp": "愈出", "startSimp": 7, "endSimp": 9, "pinyin": "yù chū", "gloss": "越鼓動越輸出，沒有窮盡。", "glossSimp": "越鼓动越输出，没有穷尽。", "general": "王弼注：「動而不可竭盡也。」唐玄宗注：「動之而愈出聲。」", "generalSimp": "王弼注：「动而不可竭尽也。」唐玄宗注：「动之而愈出声。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "王弼注", "唐玄宗注" ], "refsSimp": [ "王弼注", "唐玄宗注" ] }, { "id": "n008", "sentenceId": "s005", "start": 0, "end": 2, "char": "多言", "charSimp": "多言", "startSimp": 0, "endSimp": 2, "pinyin": "duō yán", "gloss": "政令繁多、言說繁瑣。", "glossSimp": "政令繁多、言说繁琐。", "general": "河上公注：「多事害神，多言害身。」唐玄宗注：「多言而不酬，故數被窮屈。」", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「多事害神，多言害身。」唐玄宗注：「多言而不酬，故数被穷屈。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "唐玄宗注" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "唐玄宗注" ] }, { "id": "n009", "sentenceId": "s005", "start": 2, "end": 4, "char": "數窮", "charSimp": "数穷", "startSimp": 2, "endSimp": 4, "pinyin": "shù qióng", "gloss": "屢次困窮；數，屢次。一說數猶速，謂氣乏速盡。", "glossSimp": "屡次困穷；数，屡次。一说数犹速，谓气乏速尽。", "general": "河上公注：「口開舌舉，必有禍患。」吳澄注：「數，猶速也；窮，謂氣乏。」", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「口开舌举，必有祸患。」吴澄注：「数，犹速也；穷，谓气乏。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "吳澄注" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "吴澄注" ] }, { "id": "n010", "sentenceId": "s006", "start": 2, "end": 4, "char": "守中", "charSimp": "守中", "startSimp": 2, "endSimp": 4, "pinyin": "shǒu zhōng", "gloss": "守住虛靜的中道，不偏不倚；一說守虛中之處。", "glossSimp": "守住虚静的中道，不偏不倚；一说守虚中之处。", "general": "河上公注：「守德於中，育養精神，愛氣希言。」唐玄宗注：「抱守中和，自然皆足。」", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「守德于中，育养精神，爱气希言。」唐玄宗注：「抱守中和，自然皆足。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "唐玄宗注" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "唐玄宗注" ] } ], "glossary": { "不仁": "不施仁恩、不作有心之愛；諸家皆謂非殘忍無情。", "芻狗": "草紮的狗，祭祀用，用畢即棄；喻任物自然、不責其報。", "橐籥": "風箱與管籥，中空而能出聲氣；喻天地虛空生物不窮。", "虛而不屈": "空虛而不竭盡；屈，竭。", "多言數窮": "政令言說繁多而屢屢困窮；數，屢次。", "守中": "守住虛靜的中道；一說守虛中之處，不使外物入、內神出。" }, "collations": [ { "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "其猶橐籥乎", "text": "蘇轍本「猶」作「獨」；「籥」諸本或作「龠」，魏源本作「鑰」。正文從王弼本作「橐籥」。", "source": "蘇轍《老子解》、魏源《老子本義》、王弼《老子道德經注》", "textSimp": "苏辙本「犹」作「独」；「籥」诸本或作「龠」，魏源本作「钥」。正文从王弼本作「橐籥」。", "headwordSimp": "其犹橐籥乎", "sourceSimp": "苏辙《老子解》、魏源《老子本义》、王弼《老子道德经注》", "id": "k001" }, { "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "虛而不屈", "text": "《經典釋文》所見一本「屈」作「掘」，傅奕本作「詘」，顧歡本作古字；河上公本、王弼通行本作「屈」。正文從底本。", "source": "陸德明《經典釋文》、傅奕《道德經古本篇》、河上公《老子道德經章句》、王弼《老子道德經注》", "textSimp": "《经典释文》所见一本「屈」作「掘」，傅奕本作「诎」，顾欢本作古字；河上公本、王弼通行本作「屈」。正文从底本。", "headwordSimp": "虚而不屈", "sourceSimp": "陆德明《经典释文》、傅奕《道德经古本篇》、河上公《老子道德经章句》、王弼《老子道德经注》", "id": "k002" }, { "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "多言數窮", "text": "傅奕本作「言多數窮」，碑本作「多聞數窮」；河上公、王弼本作「多言數窮」。正文從底本。", "source": "傅奕《道德經古本篇》、河上公《老子道德經章句》、王弼《老子道德經注》、魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "傅奕本作「言多数穷」，碑本作「多闻数穷」；河上公、王弼本作「多言数穷」。正文从底本。", "headwordSimp": "多言数穷", "sourceSimp": "傅奕《道德经古本篇》、河上公《老子道德经章句》、王弼《老子道德经注》、魏源《老子本义》", "id": "k003" }, { "sentenceId": "s006", "headword": "不如守中", "text": "憨山本作「不若守中」；河上公、王弼本作「不如守中」。正文從底本。", "source": "釋德清《道德經解》、河上公《老子道德經章句》、王弼《老子道德經注》", "textSimp": "憨山本作「不若守中」；河上公、王弼本作「不如守中」。正文从底本。", "headwordSimp": "不如守中", "sourceSimp": "释德清《道德经解》、河上公《老子道德经章句》、王弼《老子道德经注》", "id": "k004" }, { "sentenceId": "s006", "headword": "章次", "text": "河上公本以「多言數窮，不如守中」以上為第五章；姚鼐、魏源以二句合下章「谷神不死」為一章，永樂大典所載王弼本與吳澄本亦合。本站從王弼八十一章通行分章，以「不如守中」收本章。", "source": "河上公《老子道德經章句》、魏源《老子本義》、吳澄《道德真經注》、王弼《老子道德經注》", "textSimp": "河上公本以「多言数穷，不如守中」以上为第五章；姚鼐、魏源以二句合下章「谷神不死」为一章，永乐大典所载王弼本与吴澄本亦合。本站从王弼八十一章通行分章，以「不如守中」收本章。", "headwordSimp": "章次", "sourceSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》、魏源《老子本义》、吴澄《道德真经注》、王弼《老子道德经注》", "id": "k005" } ], "glossarySimp": { "不仁": "不施仁恩、不作有心之爱；诸家皆谓非残忍无情。", "刍狗": "草扎的狗，祭祀用，用毕即弃；喻任物自然、不责其报。", "橐籥": "风箱与管籥，中空而能出声气；喻天地虚空生物不穷。", "虚而不屈": "空虚而不竭尽；屈，竭。", "多言数穷": "政令言说繁多而屡屡困穷；数，屡次。", "守中": "守住虚静的中道；一说守虚中之处，不使外物入、内神出。" }, "lexicon": { "note": "由构建脚本从字词注与常用字表生成，供义位词典和开放数据集使用；occurrence 统计按繁体与简体正文分别匹配后合并。", "entries": [ { "order": 1, "id": "n001", "noteId": "n001", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "不仁", "headwordSimp": "不仁", "pinyin": "bù rén", "gloss": "不施仁恩、不作有心之愛，非殘忍無情。", "glossSimp": "不施仁恩、不作有心之爱，非残忍无情。", "general": "河上公注：「天施地化，不以仁恩，任自然。」王弼注：「天地任自然，无為无造。」", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「天施地化，不以仁恩，任自然。」王弼注：「天地任自然，无为无造。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "王弼注" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "王弼注" ], "forms": [ { "form": "不仁", "formSimp": "不仁", "kind": "headword", "count": 2, "sentenceIds": [ "s001", "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001", "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 2 }, { "order": 2, "id": "n002", "noteId": "n002", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "芻狗", "headwordSimp": "刍狗", "pinyin": "chú gǒu", "gloss": "草紮的狗，祭祀所用，用畢即棄；喻天地任物自然、不責其報。", "glossSimp": "草扎的狗，祭祀所用，用毕即弃；喻天地任物自然、不责其报。", "general": "河上公注：「天地視之如芻草狗畜，不責望其報。」吳澄注：「縛草為狗之形，禱雨所用也，既禱則棄之。」", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「天地视之如刍草狗畜，不责望其报。」吴澄注：「缚草为狗之形，祷雨所用也，既祷则弃之。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "吳澄注" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "吴澄注" ], "forms": [ { "form": "芻狗", "formSimp": "刍狗", "kind": "headword", "count": 2, "sentenceIds": [ "s001", "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001", "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 2 }, { "order": 3, "id": "n003", "noteId": "n003", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "聖人", "headwordSimp": "圣人", "pinyin": "shèng rén", "gloss": "與天地合德的統治者；此章謂其無心於愛民而任民自化。", "glossSimp": "与天地合德的统治者；此章谓其无心于爱民而任民自化。", "general": "王弼注：「聖人與天地合其德，以百姓比芻狗也。」成玄英疏：「聖人者與天地合其德，與日月齊其明。」", "generalSimp": "王弼注：「圣人与天地合其德，以百姓比刍狗也。」成玄英疏：「圣人者与天地合其德，与日月齐其明。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "王弼注", "成玄英疏" ], "refsSimp": [ "王弼注", "成玄英疏" ], "forms": [ { "form": "聖人", "formSimp": "圣人", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 4, "id": "n004", "noteId": "n004", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "百姓", "headwordSimp": "百姓", "pinyin": "bǎi xìng", "gloss": "庶民、民眾。", "glossSimp": "庶民、民众。", "general": "河上公注：「聖人視百姓如芻草狗畜。」成玄英疏：「後顯聖人意在有情，故言百姓。」", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「圣人视百姓如刍草狗畜。」成玄英疏：「后显圣人意在有情，故言百姓。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏" ], "forms": [ { "form": "百姓", "formSimp": "百姓", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 5, "id": "n005", "noteId": "n005", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "橐籥", "headwordSimp": "橐籥", "pinyin": "tuó yuè", "gloss": "風箱與管籥；喻天地中空無心而生物不窮。", "glossSimp": "风箱与管籥；喻天地中空无心而生物不穷。", "general": "王弼注：「橐，排橐也；籥，樂籥也。」吳澄注：「冶鑄所用噓風熾火之器也。」", "generalSimp": "王弼注：「橐，排橐也；籥，乐籥也。」吴澄注：「冶铸所用嘘风炽火之器也。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "王弼注", "吳澄注" ], "refsSimp": [ "王弼注", "吴澄注" ], "forms": [ { "form": "橐籥", "formSimp": "橐籥", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 6, "id": "n006", "noteId": "n006", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "屈", "headwordSimp": "屈", "pinyin": "qū", "gloss": "竭盡、窮盡。", "glossSimp": "竭尽、穷尽。", "general": "河上公注：「言空虛无有竭時。」李榮注：「屈，竭也。」", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「言空虚无有竭时。」李荣注：「屈，竭也。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "李榮注" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "李荣注" ], "forms": [ { "form": "屈", "formSimp": "屈", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 7, "id": "n007", "noteId": "n007", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "愈出", "headwordSimp": "愈出", "pinyin": "yù chū", "gloss": "越鼓動越輸出，沒有窮盡。", "glossSimp": "越鼓动越输出，没有穷尽。", "general": "王弼注：「動而不可竭盡也。」唐玄宗注：「動之而愈出聲。」", "generalSimp": "王弼注：「动而不可竭尽也。」唐玄宗注：「动之而愈出声。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "王弼注", "唐玄宗注" ], "refsSimp": [ "王弼注", "唐玄宗注" ], "forms": [ { "form": "愈出", "formSimp": "愈出", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 8, "id": "n008", "noteId": "n008", "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "多言", "headwordSimp": "多言", "pinyin": "duō yán", "gloss": "政令繁多、言說繁瑣。", "glossSimp": "政令繁多、言说繁琐。", "general": "河上公注：「多事害神，多言害身。」唐玄宗注：「多言而不酬，故數被窮屈。」", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「多事害神，多言害身。」唐玄宗注：「多言而不酬，故数被穷屈。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "唐玄宗注" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "唐玄宗注" ], "forms": [ { "form": "多言", "formSimp": "多言", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s005" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s005" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 9, "id": "n009", "noteId": "n009", "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "數窮", "headwordSimp": "数穷", "pinyin": "shù qióng", "gloss": "屢次困窮；數，屢次。一說數猶速，謂氣乏速盡。", "glossSimp": "屡次困穷；数，屡次。一说数犹速，谓气乏速尽。", "general": "河上公注：「口開舌舉，必有禍患。」吳澄注：「數，猶速也；窮，謂氣乏。」", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「口开舌举，必有祸患。」吴澄注：「数，犹速也；穷，谓气乏。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "吳澄注" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "吴澄注" ], "forms": [ { "form": "數窮", "formSimp": "数穷", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s005" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s005" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 10, "id": "n010", "noteId": "n010", "sentenceId": "s006", "headword": "守中", "headwordSimp": "守中", "pinyin": "shǒu zhōng", "gloss": "守住虛靜的中道，不偏不倚；一說守虛中之處。", "glossSimp": "守住虚静的中道，不偏不倚；一说守虚中之处。", "general": "河上公注：「守德於中，育養精神，愛氣希言。」唐玄宗注：「抱守中和，自然皆足。」", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「守德于中，育养精神，爱气希言。」唐玄宗注：「抱守中和，自然皆足。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "唐玄宗注" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "唐玄宗注" ], "forms": [ { "form": "守中", "formSimp": "守中", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s006" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s006" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 } ], "glossaryEntries": [ { "order": 11, "id": "g001", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "不仁", "headwordSimp": "不仁", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "不施仁恩、不作有心之愛；諸家皆謂非殘忍無情。", "glossSimp": "不施仁恩、不作有心之爱；诸家皆谓非残忍无情。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "不仁", "formSimp": "不仁", "kind": "headword", "count": 2, "sentenceIds": [ "s001", "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001", "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 2 }, { "order": 12, "id": "g002", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "芻狗", "headwordSimp": "刍狗", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "草紮的狗，祭祀用，用畢即棄；喻任物自然、不責其報。", "glossSimp": "草扎的狗，祭祀用，用毕即弃；喻任物自然、不责其报。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "芻狗", "formSimp": "刍狗", "kind": "headword", "count": 2, "sentenceIds": [ "s001", "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001", "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 2 }, { "order": 13, "id": "g003", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "橐籥", "headwordSimp": "橐籥", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "風箱與管籥，中空而能出聲氣；喻天地虛空生物不窮。", "glossSimp": "风箱与管籥，中空而能出声气；喻天地虚空生物不穷。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "橐籥", "formSimp": "橐籥", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 14, "id": "g004", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "虛而不屈", "headwordSimp": "虚而不屈", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "空虛而不竭盡；屈，竭。", "glossSimp": "空虚而不竭尽；屈，竭。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "虛而不屈", "formSimp": "虚而不屈", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 15, "id": "g005", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "多言數窮", "headwordSimp": "多言数穷", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "政令言說繁多而屢屢困窮；數，屢次。", "glossSimp": "政令言说繁多而屡屡困穷；数，屡次。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "多言數窮", "formSimp": "多言数穷", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s005" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s005" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 16, "id": "g006", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s006", "headword": "守中", "headwordSimp": "守中", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "守住虛靜的中道；一說守虛中之處，不使外物入、內神出。", "glossSimp": "守住虚静的中道；一说守虚中之处，不使外物入、内神出。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "守中", "formSimp": "守中", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s006" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s006" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 } ] }, "relations": { "version": "1.0.0", "note": "第五章四組觀念的十三家對照。河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗三家四組皆備；嚴遵於「天地之間其猶橐籥」無專文，故第二組不列嚴遵。", "concepts": [ { "id": "burenchugou", "name": "天地不仁與聖人不仁", "nameTrad": "天地不仁與聖人不仁", "question": "「天地不仁，以萬物為芻狗；聖人不仁，以百姓為芻狗」，天地聖人真的不仁嗎？", "questionTrad": "「天地不仁，以萬物為芻狗；聖人不仁，以百姓為芻狗」，天地聖人真的不仁嗎？", "intro": "開篇兩句最易招致誤解：天地、聖人為何把萬物、百姓當作祭後即棄的芻狗？十三家幾乎一致地把「不仁」解作「不作有心之愛」，而非殘忍。河上公以「不以仁恩，任自然」為說；王弼謂「无為无造」，仁者「造立施化」則物失其真；成玄英以芻狗「有狗名而無狗實」說萬物虛幻、無恩報可責；唐玄宗以「至仁無親」翻轉，謂「乃至親也，豈兼愛乎」；嚴遵以「非傾心以為仁愛」；李榮以「有愛則有憎」、天地無心絕於憎愛；陸希聲以「無用則無私，無私則無恩」而大恩生；呂惠卿以「無所事仁」為大仁；蘇轍以生死「非吾仁之」而仁大；吳澄以「無心於愛物」任其自成；憨山以「不是有心要生」、雖生而不有；魏源則翻案謂此章乃悲天憫人、無所歸咎之詞；王夫之以仁為「天之氣，地之滋，有窮之業」。諸家路數不同，都不把「不仁」讀作冷酷。", "introTrad": "開篇兩句最易招致誤解：天地、聖人為何把萬物、百姓當作祭後即棄的芻狗？十三家幾乎一致地把「不仁」解作「不作有心之愛」，而非殘忍。河上公以「不以仁恩，任自然」為說；王弼謂「无為无造」，仁者「造立施化」則物失其真；成玄英以芻狗「有狗名而無狗實」說萬物虛幻、無恩報可責；唐玄宗以「至仁無親」翻轉，謂「乃至親也，豈兼愛乎」；嚴遵以「非傾心以為仁愛」；李榮以「有愛則有憎」、天地無心絕於憎愛；陸希聲以「無用則無私，無私則無恩」而大恩生；呂惠卿以「無所事仁」為大仁；蘇轍以生死「非吾仁之」而仁大；吳澄以「無心於愛物」任其自成；憨山以「不是有心要生」、雖生而不有；魏源則翻案謂此章乃悲天憫人、無所歸咎之詞；王夫之以仁為「天之氣，地之滋，有窮之業」。諸家路數不同，都不把「不仁」讀作冷酷。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "天施地化不以仁恩，任自然；視萬物如芻草狗畜，不責其報。", "thesisTrad": "天施地化不以仁恩，任自然；視萬物如芻草狗畜，不責其報。", "noteIds": [ "c001", "c002", "c003", "c004" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "天施地化不以仁恩，任自然；视万物如刍草狗畜，不责其报。" }, "wangbi": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "天地任自然，无為无造；仁者造立施化則物失其真，故不仁。", "thesisTrad": "天地任自然，无為无造；仁者造立施化則物失其真，故不仁。", "noteIds": [ "c010" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "天地任自然，无为无造；仁者造立施化则物失其真，故不仁。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "芻狗有狗名而無狗實，萬物虛幻亦然，故無恩報可責。", "thesisTrad": "芻狗有狗名而無狗實，萬物虛幻亦然，故無恩報可責。", "noteIds": [ "c013" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "刍狗有狗名而无狗实，万物虚幻亦然，故无恩报可责。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "不仁者不為仁恩；至仁無親，乃至親也，豈兼愛乎？", "thesisTrad": "不仁者不為仁恩；至仁無親，乃至親也，豈兼愛乎？", "noteIds": [ "c017", "c021" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "不仁者不为仁恩；至仁无亲，乃至亲也，岂兼爱乎？" }, "yanzun": { "workType": "指歸", "workTypeTrad": "指歸", "thesis": "天地泊然無為而萬物自生，非傾心以為仁愛；聖人與道同儀，萬物自化。", "thesisTrad": "天地泊然無為而萬物自生，非傾心以為仁愛；聖人與道同儀，萬物自化。", "noteIds": [ "c024" ], "workTypeSimp": "指归", "thesisSimp": "天地泊然无为而万物自生，非倾心以为仁爱；圣人与道同仪，万物自化。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "有愛則有憎，天地無心絕於憎愛，以無愛故曰不仁。", "thesisTrad": "有愛則有憎，天地無心絕於憎愛，以無愛故曰不仁。", "noteIds": [ "c027", "c028" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "有爱则有憎，天地无心绝于憎爱，以无爱故曰不仁。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "無用則無私，無私則無恩；天地無恩而大恩生，聖人不仁而大仁成。", "thesisTrad": "無用則無私，無私則無恩；天地無恩而大恩生，聖人不仁而大仁成。", "noteIds": [ "c031" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "无用则无私，无私则无恩；天地无恩而大恩生，圣人不仁而大仁成。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "天地聖人無所事仁，以萬物百姓為芻狗；夫唯不仁，是之謂大仁。", "thesisTrad": "天地聖人無所事仁，以萬物百姓為芻狗；夫唯不仁，是之謂大仁。", "noteIds": [ "c032" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "天地圣人无所事仁，以万物百姓为刍狗；夫唯不仁，是之谓大仁。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "天地無私而聽萬物自然，生死非吾仁；雖未嘗仁之，而仁亦大矣。", "thesisTrad": "天地無私而聽萬物自然，生死非吾仁；雖未嘗仁之，而仁亦大矣。", "noteIds": [ "c033" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "天地无私而听万物自然，生死非吾仁；虽未尝仁之，而仁亦大矣。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "仁謂有心於愛；天地無心於愛物，聖人無心於愛民，故以芻狗為喻。", "thesisTrad": "仁謂有心於愛；天地無心於愛物，聖人無心於愛民，故以芻狗為喻。", "noteIds": [ "c036" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "仁谓有心于爱；天地无心于爱物，圣人无心于爱民，故以刍狗为喻。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "天地雖生育萬物，不是有心要生，雖生而不有；聖人雖愛養百姓，愛而無心。", "thesisTrad": "天地雖生育萬物，不是有心要生，雖生而不有；聖人雖愛養百姓，愛而無心。", "noteIds": [ "c039" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "天地虽生育万物，不是有心要生，虽生而不有；圣人虽爱养百姓，爱而无心。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "此乃悲天憫人、無所歸咎之詞；天地無心而成化，聖人有心而無為。", "thesisTrad": "此乃悲天憫人、無所歸咎之詞；天地無心而成化，聖人有心而無為。", "noteIds": [ "c040" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "此乃悲天悯人、无所归咎之词；天地无心而成化，圣人有心而无为。" }, "wangfuzhi": { "workType": "衍", "workTypeTrad": "衍", "thesis": "天地無以自擅，況於萬物聖人；仁者天之氣、地之滋，有窮之業。", "thesisTrad": "天地無以自擅，況於萬物聖人；仁者天之氣、地之滋，有窮之業。", "noteIds": [ "c042" ], "workTypeSimp": "衍", "thesisSimp": "天地无以自擅，况于万物圣人；仁者天之气、地之滋，有穷之业。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c001", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公以不以仁恩、任自然釋天地不仁。", "textTrad": "河上公以不以仁恩、任自然釋天地不仁。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公以不以仁恩、任自然释天地不仁。" }, { "noteId": "c010", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "王弼以无為无造、仁者造立施化則物失其真，說天地不仁。", "textTrad": "王弼以无為无造、仁者造立施化則物失其真，說天地不仁。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "王弼以无为无造、仁者造立施化则物失其真，说天地不仁。" }, { "noteId": "c013", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英以芻狗有名無實，說萬物虛幻、無恩報可責。", "textTrad": "成玄英以芻狗有名無實，說萬物虛幻、無恩報可責。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英以刍狗有名无实，说万物虚幻、无恩报可责。" }, { "noteId": "c017", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "唐玄宗以至仁無親乃至親，翻轉不仁之說。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗以至仁無親乃至親，翻轉不仁之說。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "唐玄宗以至仁无亲乃至亲，翻转不仁之说。" }, { "noteId": "c024", "relation": "指歸", "relationTrad": "指歸", "text": "嚴遵以泊然無為、非傾心為仁愛，說天地生物。", "textTrad": "嚴遵以泊然無為、非傾心為仁愛，說天地生物。", "relationSimp": "指归", "textSimp": "严遵以泊然无为、非倾心为仁爱，说天地生物。" }, { "noteId": "c027", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮以有愛則有憎、天地無心絕於憎愛，釋不仁。", "textTrad": "李榮以有愛則有憎、天地無心絕於憎愛，釋不仁。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣以有爱则有憎、天地无心绝于憎爱，释不仁。" }, { "noteId": "c031", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "陸希聲以無用無私、無恩而大恩生，說不仁之大仁。", "textTrad": "陸希聲以無用無私、無恩而大恩生，說不仁之大仁。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "陆希声以无用无私、无恩而大恩生，说不仁之大仁。" }, { "noteId": "c032", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "呂惠卿以無所事仁為大仁，說天地聖人自視猶芻狗。", "textTrad": "呂惠卿以無所事仁為大仁，說天地聖人自視猶芻狗。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "吕惠卿以无所事仁为大仁，说天地圣人自视犹刍狗。" }, { "noteId": "c033", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "蘇轍以生死非吾仁，說未嘗仁之而仁大。", "textTrad": "蘇轍以生死非吾仁，說未嘗仁之而仁大。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "苏辙以生死非吾仁，说未尝仁之而仁大。" }, { "noteId": "c036", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄以有心於愛則心不虛，說天地聖人無心。", "textTrad": "吳澄以有心於愛則心不虛，說天地聖人無心。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄以有心于爱则心不虚，说天地圣人无心。" }, { "noteId": "c039", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "憨山以不是有心要生、雖生而不有，說天地之不仁。", "textTrad": "憨山以不是有心要生、雖生而不有，說天地之不仁。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "憨山以不是有心要生、虽生而不有，说天地之不仁。" }, { "noteId": "c040", "relation": "本義", "relationTrad": "本義", "text": "魏源翻案，以悲天憫人、無所歸咎讀此章。", "textTrad": "魏源翻案，以悲天憫人、無所歸咎讀此章。", "relationSimp": "本义", "textSimp": "魏源翻案，以悲天悯人、无所归咎读此章。" }, { "noteId": "c042", "relation": "衍", "relationTrad": "衍", "text": "王夫之以天地無以自擅、仁為有窮之業收束。", "textTrad": "王夫之以天地無以自擅、仁為有窮之業收束。", "relationSimp": "衍", "textSimp": "王夫之以天地无以自擅、仁为有穷之业收束。" } ], "nameSimp": "天地不仁与圣人不仁", "questionSimp": "「天地不仁，以万物为刍狗；圣人不仁，以百姓为刍狗」，天地圣人真的不仁吗？", "introSimp": "开篇两句最易招致误解：天地、圣人为何把万物、百姓当作祭后即弃的刍狗？十三家几乎一致地把「不仁」解作「不作有心之爱」，而非残忍。河上公以「不以仁恩，任自然」为说；王弼谓「无为无造」，仁者「造立施化」则物失其真；成玄英以刍狗「有狗名而无狗实」说万物虚幻、无恩报可责；唐玄宗以「至仁无亲」翻转，谓「乃至亲也，岂兼爱乎」；严遵以「非倾心以为仁爱」；李荣以「有爱则有憎」、天地无心绝于憎爱；陆希声以「无用则无私，无私则无恩」而大恩生；吕惠卿以「无所事仁」为大仁；苏辙以生死「非吾仁之」而仁大；吴澄以「无心于爱物」任其自成；憨山以「不是有心要生」、虽生而不有；魏源则翻案谓此章乃悲天悯人、无所归咎之词；王夫之以仁为「天之气，地之滋，有穷之业」。诸家路数不同，都不把「不仁」读作冷酷。" }, { "id": "tuoyue", "name": "天地之間其猶橐籥", "nameTrad": "天地之間其猶橐籥", "question": "「天地之間，其猶橐籥乎」，天地為何取喻於風箱與管籥？", "questionTrad": "「天地之間，其猶橐籥乎」，天地為何取喻於風箱與管籥？", "intro": "橐是鼓風的皮囊，籥是出氣的管樂器，二者中空而能出聲氣，正是「虛而用」的具體形象。河上公以天地之間空虛、和氣流行為說；王弼以橐籥之中「空洞无情无為」比喻天地蕩然任自然；成玄英以韝袋、簫管為釋；唐玄宗以「虛而無心，故能動而有應」；李榮以橐籥中空出聲、天地中空生物；陸希聲以無心故聲不屈、氣愈出；呂惠卿以「唯其虛而不屈，所以動而愈出」；蘇轍以氣動無不靡、看似機巧而實虛；吳澄以橐象太虛包含周遍、籥象元氣流行；憨山以皮韝管籥至虛而有用；魏源以外橐內籥、機而鼓之，並指出「首以天地聖人並言，而繼但言天地」；王夫之以「風生於空，橐待於鼓，相須以成，而器原非用」。嚴遵此句無專文，故不列。", "introTrad": "橐是鼓風的皮囊，籥是出氣的管樂器，二者中空而能出聲氣，正是「虛而用」的具體形象。河上公以天地之間空虛、和氣流行為說；王弼以橐籥之中「空洞无情无為」比喻天地蕩然任自然；成玄英以韝袋、簫管為釋；唐玄宗以「虛而無心，故能動而有應」；李榮以橐籥中空出聲、天地中空生物；陸希聲以無心故聲不屈、氣愈出；呂惠卿以「唯其虛而不屈，所以動而愈出」；蘇轍以氣動無不靡、看似機巧而實虛；吳澄以橐象太虛包含周遍、籥象元氣流行；憨山以皮韝管籥至虛而有用；魏源以外橐內籥、機而鼓之，並指出「首以天地聖人並言，而繼但言天地」；王夫之以「風生於空，橐待於鼓，相須以成，而器原非用」。嚴遵此句無專文，故不列。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "天地之間空虛，和氣流行，故萬物自生；橐籥中空虛，故能有聲氣。", "thesisTrad": "天地之間空虛，和氣流行，故萬物自生；橐籥中空虛，故能有聲氣。", "noteIds": [ "c005", "c006" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "天地之间空虚，和气流行，故万物自生；橐籥中空虚，故能有声气。" }, "wangbi": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "橐籥之中空洞无情无為，故虛而不得窮屈；天地蕩然任自然，猶若橐籥。", "thesisTrad": "橐籥之中空洞无情无為，故虛而不得窮屈；天地蕩然任自然，猶若橐籥。", "noteIds": [ "c011" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "橐籥之中空洞无情无为，故虚而不得穷屈；天地荡然任自然，犹若橐籥。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "橐為韝袋、籥為簫管；天地聖人虛心利物，譬彼笙管資於韝袋。", "thesisTrad": "橐為韝袋、籥為簫管；天地聖人虛心利物，譬彼笙管資於韝袋。", "noteIds": [ "c014" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "橐为鞲袋、籥为箫管；天地圣人虚心利物，譬彼笙管资于鞲袋。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "橐鼓風、笛運吹，皆以虛而無心，故能動而有應；天地生物無私亦然。", "thesisTrad": "橐鼓風、笛運吹，皆以虛而無心，故能動而有應；天地生物無私亦然。", "noteIds": [ "c018", "c022" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "橐鼓风、笛运吹，皆以虚而无心，故能动而有应；天地生物无私亦然。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "橐籥中空故出聲氣不竭，天地中空故生品物無盡。", "thesisTrad": "橐籥中空故出聲氣不竭，天地中空故生品物無盡。", "noteIds": [ "c029" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "橐籥中空故出声气不竭，天地中空故生品物无尽。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "橐籥無心，故其聲不屈、其氣愈出；天地無心，故生成不息。", "thesisTrad": "橐籥無心，故其聲不屈、其氣愈出；天地無心，故生成不息。", "noteIds": [ "c031" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "橐籥无心，故其声不屈、其气愈出；天地无心，故生成不息。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "橐籥唯其虛而不屈，所以動而愈出；體道者言出於不言。", "thesisTrad": "橐籥唯其虛而不屈，所以動而愈出；體道者言出於不言。", "noteIds": [ "c032" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "橐籥唯其虚而不屈，所以动而愈出；体道者言出于不言。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "橐籥一動氣無不靡，似機巧極而實無為，唯虛而不屈故愈出。", "thesisTrad": "橐籥一動氣無不靡，似機巧極而實無為，唯虛而不屈故愈出。", "noteIds": [ "c034" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "橐籥一动气无不靡，似机巧极而实无为，唯虚而不屈故愈出。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "橐象太虛包含周遍之體，籥象元氣流行之用。", "thesisTrad": "橐象太虛包含周遍之體，籥象元氣流行之用。", "noteIds": [ "c037" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "橐象太虚包含周遍之体，籥象元气流行之用。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "橐即皮韝、籥即管籥，其體至虛而有用，未嘗恃巧而好為。", "thesisTrad": "橐即皮韝、籥即管籥，其體至虛而有用，未嘗恃巧而好為。", "noteIds": [ "c039" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "橐即皮鞲、籥即管籥，其体至虚而有用，未尝恃巧而好为。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "外橐內籥，機而鼓之；天地中虛無物，氣機所至，動而愈出。", "thesisTrad": "外橐內籥，機而鼓之；天地中虛無物，氣機所至，動而愈出。", "noteIds": [ "c040" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "外橐内籥，机而鼓之；天地中虚无物，气机所至，动而愈出。" }, "wangfuzhi": { "workType": "衍", "workTypeTrad": "衍", "thesis": "風生於空，橐待於鼓，相須以成而器原非用。", "thesisTrad": "風生於空，橐待於鼓，相須以成而器原非用。", "noteIds": [ "c042" ], "workTypeSimp": "衍", "thesisSimp": "风生于空，橐待于鼓，相须以成而器原非用。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c005", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公以天地空虛、和氣流行，說萬物自生。", "textTrad": "河上公以天地空虛、和氣流行，說萬物自生。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公以天地空虚、和气流行，说万物自生。" }, { "noteId": "c011", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "王弼以橐籥空洞無情、天地蕩然任自然，說虛用。", "textTrad": "王弼以橐籥空洞無情、天地蕩然任自然，說虛用。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "王弼以橐籥空洞无情、天地荡然任自然，说虚用。" }, { "noteId": "c014", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英以韝袋簫管釋名，說天地聖人虛心利物。", "textTrad": "成玄英以韝袋簫管釋名，說天地聖人虛心利物。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英以鞲袋箫管释名，说天地圣人虚心利物。" }, { "noteId": "c018", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "唐玄宗以虛而無心、動而有應，說天地生物無私。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗以虛而無心、動而有應，說天地生物無私。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "唐玄宗以虚而无心、动而有应，说天地生物无私。" }, { "noteId": "c029", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮以中空出聲、中空生物，說虛心空身則用無窮。", "textTrad": "李榮以中空出聲、中空生物，說虛心空身則用無窮。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣以中空出声、中空生物，说虚心空身则用无穷。" }, { "noteId": "c031", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "陸希聲以橐籥無心而聲不屈、氣愈出，喻天地生成不息。", "textTrad": "陸希聲以橐籥無心而聲不屈、氣愈出，喻天地生成不息。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "陆希声以橐籥无心而声不屈、气愈出，喻天地生成不息。" }, { "noteId": "c032", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "呂惠卿以唯虛故動而愈出，推及體道者言出於不言。", "textTrad": "呂惠卿以唯虛故動而愈出，推及體道者言出於不言。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "吕惠卿以唯虚故动而愈出，推及体道者言出于不言。" }, { "noteId": "c034", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "蘇轍以氣動無不靡、機巧極而實虛，說橐籥之報。", "textTrad": "蘇轍以氣動無不靡、機巧極而實虛，說橐籥之報。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "苏辙以气动无不靡、机巧极而实虚，说橐籥之报。" }, { "noteId": "c037", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄以橐象太虛、籥象元氣，說包含周遍與流行。", "textTrad": "吳澄以橐象太虛、籥象元氣，說包含周遍與流行。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄以橐象太虚、籥象元气，说包含周遍与流行。" }, { "noteId": "c039", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "憨山以皮韝管籥至虛有用，說不恃巧而好為。", "textTrad": "憨山以皮韝管籥至虛有用，說不恃巧而好為。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "憨山以皮鞲管籥至虚有用，说不恃巧而好为。" }, { "noteId": "c040", "relation": "本義", "relationTrad": "本義", "text": "魏源以外橐內籥、中虛氣機，說天地之動而愈出。", "textTrad": "魏源以外橐內籥、中虛氣機，說天地之動而愈出。", "relationSimp": "本义", "textSimp": "魏源以外橐内籥、中虚气机，说天地之动而愈出。" }, { "noteId": "c042", "relation": "衍", "relationTrad": "衍", "text": "王夫之以風生於空、橐待於鼓，說器原非用。", "textTrad": "王夫之以風生於空、橐待於鼓，說器原非用。", "relationSimp": "衍", "textSimp": "王夫之以风生于空、橐待于鼓，说器原非用。" } ], "nameSimp": "天地之间其犹橐籥", "questionSimp": "「天地之间，其犹橐籥乎」，天地为何取喻于风箱与管籥？", "introSimp": "橐是鼓风的皮囊，籥是出气的管乐器，二者中空而能出声气，正是「虚而用」的具体形象。河上公以天地之间空虚、和气流行为说；王弼以橐籥之中「空洞无情无为」比喻天地荡然任自然；成玄英以鞲袋、箫管为释；唐玄宗以「虚而无心，故能动而有应」；李荣以橐籥中空出声、天地中空生物；陆希声以无心故声不屈、气愈出；吕惠卿以「唯其虚而不屈，所以动而愈出」；苏辙以气动无不靡、看似机巧而实虚；吴澄以橐象太虚包含周遍、籥象元气流行；憨山以皮鞲管籥至虚而有用；魏源以外橐内籥、机而鼓之，并指出「首以天地圣人并言，而继但言天地」；王夫之以「风生于空，橐待于鼓，相须以成，而器原非用」。严遵此句无专文，故不列。" }, { "id": "xuerbuchu", "name": "虛而不屈動而愈出", "nameTrad": "虛而不屈動而愈出", "question": "「虛而不屈，動而愈出」是在說道體的哪一面？", "questionTrad": "「虛而不屈，動而愈出」是在說道體的哪一面？", "intro": "由器入道，這兩句是全章的樞紐：正因為中空不竭，所以一動就愈出。河上公以「空虛无有竭時」為說；王弼以「虛而不得窮屈，動而不可竭盡」；成玄英以橐籥內空、出聲氣不竭；唐玄宗以「虛之而不屈撓，動之而愈出聲」；嚴遵從反面立論，謂「釋虛而事愛」則變化不通、氣息不依；李榮以中空生物無盡；陸希聲以「其聲不屈，其氣愈出」；呂惠卿以「唯其虛而不屈，所以動而愈出」；蘇轍以氣動無不靡而實無為；吳澄以「動也直」「生不窮」，並推及人心虛則氣道不壅；憨山以「用不為伸，不用則虛以自處」；魏源以中虛無物、氣機自出；王夫之則以夾注「屈然後仁，出已必窮，仁則必言」點出反面。諸家都把「虛」理解為用之不竭的條件，而非空無一物。", "introTrad": "由器入道，這兩句是全章的樞紐：正因為中空不竭，所以一動就愈出。河上公以「空虛无有竭時」為說；王弼以「虛而不得窮屈，動而不可竭盡」；成玄英以橐籥內空、出聲氣不竭；唐玄宗以「虛之而不屈撓，動之而愈出聲」；嚴遵從反面立論，謂「釋虛而事愛」則變化不通、氣息不依；李榮以中空生物無盡；陸希聲以「其聲不屈，其氣愈出」；呂惠卿以「唯其虛而不屈，所以動而愈出」；蘇轍以氣動無不靡而實無為；吳澄以「動也直」「生不窮」，並推及人心虛則氣道不壅；憨山以「用不為伸，不用則虛以自處」；魏源以中虛無物、氣機自出；王夫之則以夾注「屈然後仁，出已必窮，仁則必言」點出反面。諸家都把「虛」理解為用之不竭的條件，而非空無一物。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "空虛无有竭時，動搖之則益出聲氣。", "thesisTrad": "空虛无有竭時，動搖之則益出聲氣。", "noteIds": [ "c007" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "空虚无有竭时，动摇之则益出声气。" }, "wangbi": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "橐籥空洞无情，故虛而不得窮屈，動而不可竭盡。", "thesisTrad": "橐籥空洞无情，故虛而不得窮屈，動而不可竭盡。", "noteIds": [ "c011" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "橐籥空洞无情，故虚而不得穷屈，动而不可竭尽。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "屈，竭也；橐籥內空故出聲氣不竭，天地無心故生化無窮。", "thesisTrad": "屈，竭也；橐籥內空故出聲氣不竭，天地無心故生化無窮。", "noteIds": [ "c015" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "屈，竭也；橐籥内空故出声气不竭，天地无心故生化无穷。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "虛之而不屈撓，動之而愈出聲；以況聖人應用不窮。", "thesisTrad": "虛之而不屈撓，動之而愈出聲；以況聖人應用不窮。", "noteIds": [ "c019", "c022" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "虚之而不屈挠，动之而愈出声；以况圣人应用不穷。" }, "yanzun": { "workType": "指歸", "workTypeTrad": "指歸", "thesis": "釋虛而事愛，則變化不通、氣息不依；從反面見虛之為用。", "thesisTrad": "釋虛而事愛，則變化不通、氣息不依；從反面見虛之為用。", "noteIds": [ "c025" ], "workTypeSimp": "指归", "thesisSimp": "释虚而事爱，则变化不通、气息不依；从反面见虚之为用。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "橐籥中空故出聲氣不竭，天地中空故生品物無盡。", "thesisTrad": "橐籥中空故出聲氣不竭，天地中空故生品物無盡。", "noteIds": [ "c029" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "橐籥中空故出声气不竭，天地中空故生品物无尽。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "橐籥無心，故其聲不屈、其氣愈出；天地無心，故生成不息。", "thesisTrad": "橐籥無心，故其聲不屈、其氣愈出；天地無心，故生成不息。", "noteIds": [ "c031" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "橐籥无心，故其声不屈、其气愈出；天地无心，故生成不息。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "唯其虛而不屈，所以動而愈出；不知此則多而數窮。", "thesisTrad": "唯其虛而不屈，所以動而愈出；不知此則多而數窮。", "noteIds": [ "c032" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "唯其虚而不屈，所以动而愈出；不知此则多而数穷。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "一動而氣無不靡，似機巧極而橐籥實無為，唯虛故愈出。", "thesisTrad": "一動而氣無不靡，似機巧極而橐籥實無為，唯虛故愈出。", "noteIds": [ "c034" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "一动而气无不靡，似机巧极而橐籥实无为，唯虚故愈出。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "不屈謂其動也直，愈出謂其生不窮；人心虛則氣道不壅。", "thesisTrad": "不屈謂其動也直，愈出謂其生不窮；人心虛則氣道不壅。", "noteIds": [ "c037" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "不屈谓其动也直，愈出谓其生不穷；人心虚则气道不壅。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "用不為伸，不用則虛以自處，置之而不自以為屈。", "thesisTrad": "用不為伸，不用則虛以自處，置之而不自以為屈。", "noteIds": [ "c039" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "用不为伸，不用则虚以自处，置之而不自以为屈。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "天地中虛無物，氣機所至，動而愈出。", "thesisTrad": "天地中虛無物，氣機所至，動而愈出。", "noteIds": [ "c040" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "天地中虚无物，气机所至，动而愈出。" }, "wangfuzhi": { "workType": "衍", "workTypeTrad": "衍", "thesis": "屈然後仁，出已必窮，仁則必言。", "thesisTrad": "屈然後仁，出已必窮，仁則必言。", "noteIds": [ "c041" ], "workTypeSimp": "衍", "thesisSimp": "屈然后仁，出已必穷，仁则必言。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c007", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公以空虛無竭時、動搖益出聲氣釋之。", "textTrad": "河上公以空虛無竭時、動搖益出聲氣釋之。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公以空虚无竭时、动摇益出声气释之。" }, { "noteId": "c011", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "王弼以空洞無情、虛不得窮屈、動不可竭盡說之。", "textTrad": "王弼以空洞無情、虛不得窮屈、動不可竭盡說之。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "王弼以空洞无情、虚不得穷屈、动不可竭尽说之。" }, { "noteId": "c015", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英以內空出聲不竭，喻天地無心生化無窮。", "textTrad": "成玄英以內空出聲不竭，喻天地無心生化無窮。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英以内空出声不竭，喻天地无心生化无穷。" }, { "noteId": "c019", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "唐玄宗以不屈撓、愈出聲，說聖人應用不窮。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗以不屈撓、愈出聲，說聖人應用不窮。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "唐玄宗以不屈挠、愈出声，说圣人应用不穷。" }, { "noteId": "c025", "relation": "指歸", "relationTrad": "指歸", "text": "嚴遵從釋虛事愛則氣息不依的反面，見虛之為用。", "textTrad": "嚴遵從釋虛事愛則氣息不依的反面，見虛之為用。", "relationSimp": "指归", "textSimp": "严遵从释虚事爱则气息不依的反面，见虚之为用。" }, { "noteId": "c029", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮以中空生物無盡，說虛心空身則用無窮。", "textTrad": "李榮以中空生物無盡，說虛心空身則用無窮。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣以中空生物无尽，说虚心空身则用无穷。" }, { "noteId": "c031", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "陸希聲以無心故聲不屈、氣愈出。", "textTrad": "陸希聲以無心故聲不屈、氣愈出。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "陆希声以无心故声不屈、气愈出。" }, { "noteId": "c032", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "呂惠卿以唯虛故動而愈出，反襯多言之窮。", "textTrad": "呂惠卿以唯虛故動而愈出，反襯多言之窮。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "吕惠卿以唯虚故动而愈出，反衬多言之穷。" }, { "noteId": "c034", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "蘇轍以氣動無不靡而橐籥無為，說愈出之由。", "textTrad": "蘇轍以氣動無不靡而橐籥無為，說愈出之由。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "苏辙以气动无不靡而橐籥无为，说愈出之由。" }, { "noteId": "c037", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄以動直生窮，推及人心虛則氣道不壅。", "textTrad": "吳澄以動直生窮，推及人心虛則氣道不壅。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄以动直生穷，推及人心虚则气道不壅。" }, { "noteId": "c039", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "憨山以用不為伸、不用自處，說虛而不屈。", "textTrad": "憨山以用不為伸、不用自處，說虛而不屈。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "憨山以用不为伸、不用自处，说虚而不屈。" }, { "noteId": "c040", "relation": "本義", "relationTrad": "本義", "text": "魏源以中虛氣機、動而愈出，說天地之化。", "textTrad": "魏源以中虛氣機、動而愈出，說天地之化。", "relationSimp": "本义", "textSimp": "魏源以中虚气机、动而愈出，说天地之化。" }, { "noteId": "c041", "relation": "衍", "relationTrad": "衍", "text": "王夫之以屈然後仁、出已必窮，從反面點出。", "textTrad": "王夫之以屈然後仁、出已必窮，從反面點出。", "relationSimp": "衍", "textSimp": "王夫之以屈然后仁、出已必穷，从反面点出。" } ], "nameSimp": "虚而不屈动而愈出", "questionSimp": "「虚而不屈，动而愈出」是在说道体的哪一面？", "introSimp": "由器入道，这两句是全章的枢纽：正因为中空不竭，所以一动就愈出。河上公以「空虚无有竭时」为说；王弼以「虚而不得穷屈，动而不可竭尽」；成玄英以橐籥内空、出声气不竭；唐玄宗以「虚之而不屈挠，动之而愈出声」；严遵从反面立论，谓「释虚而事爱」则变化不通、气息不依；李荣以中空生物无尽；陆希声以「其声不屈，其气愈出」；吕惠卿以「唯其虚而不屈，所以动而愈出」；苏辙以气动无不靡而实无为；吴澄以「动也直」「生不穷」，并推及人心虚则气道不壅；憨山以「用不为伸，不用则虚以自处」；魏源以中虚无物、气机自出；王夫之则以夹注「屈然后仁，出已必穷，仁则必言」点出反面。诸家都把「虚」理解为用之不竭的条件，而非空无一物。" }, { "id": "duoyanshouzhong", "name": "多言數窮不如守中", "nameTrad": "多言數窮不如守中", "question": "「多言數窮，不如守中」的「中」究竟指什麼？", "questionTrad": "「多言數窮，不如守中」的「中」究竟指什麼？", "intro": "末兩句由天道轉入治道與修身，也是諸家分歧最大的一處。河上公以「守德於中，育養精神，愛氣希言」為說；王弼以「愈為之則愈失之」、守數中則无窮盡；成玄英讀「多言」為多聞博贍，以守中為長生久視；唐玄宗以「多言而不酬」、抱守中和；嚴遵以天地不言而生物不窮；李榮以禍福在當與不當，戒多言之失；陸希聲以多言無敬則數窮，守中為抱道之實；呂惠卿以不有不無、不取不捨為守中，引「允執厥中」；蘇轍以「虛中之報」；吳澄以「數猶速也，窮謂氣乏」，中為橐內籥湊之處；憨山以忘言體玄；魏源以「中者虛中，謂心」；王夫之以「仁則必言」反證。同一個「中」，或指心中之德，或指虛空之中，或指中和之道，讀者正可於此見注解的分寸。", "introTrad": "末兩句由天道轉入治道與修身，也是諸家分歧最大的一處。河上公以「守德於中，育養精神，愛氣希言」為說；王弼以「愈為之則愈失之」、守數中則无窮盡；成玄英讀「多言」為多聞博贍，以守中為長生久視；唐玄宗以「多言而不酬」、抱守中和；嚴遵以天地不言而生物不窮；李榮以禍福在當與不當，戒多言之失；陸希聲以多言無敬則數窮，守中為抱道之實；呂惠卿以不有不無、不取不捨為守中，引「允執厥中」；蘇轍以「虛中之報」；吳澄以「數猶速也，窮謂氣乏」，中為橐內籥湊之處；憨山以忘言體玄；魏源以「中者虛中，謂心」；王夫之以「仁則必言」反證。同一個「中」，或指心中之德，或指虛空之中，或指中和之道，讀者正可於此見注解的分寸。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "多事害神、多言害身；不如守德於中，育養精神，愛氣希言。", "thesisTrad": "多事害神、多言害身；不如守德於中，育養精神，愛氣希言。", "noteIds": [ "c008", "c009" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "多事害神、多言害身；不如守德于中，育养精神，爱气希言。" }, "wangbi": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "愈為之則愈失之；橐籥而守數中則无窮盡，棄己任物則莫不理。", "thesisTrad": "愈為之則愈失之；橐籥而守數中則无窮盡，棄己任物則莫不理。", "noteIds": [ "c012" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "愈为之则愈失之；橐籥而守数中则无穷尽，弃己任物则莫不理。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "多聞博贍唯益世智，不體理則歸窮；守中即長生久視。", "thesisTrad": "多聞博贍唯益世智，不體理則歸窮；守中即長生久視。", "noteIds": [ "c016" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "多闻博赡唯益世智，不体理则归穷；守中即长生久视。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "多言而不酬故數被窮屈；不如抱守中和，自然皆足。", "thesisTrad": "多言而不酬故數被窮屈；不如抱守中和，自然皆足。", "noteIds": [ "c020", "c023" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "多言而不酬故数被穷屈；不如抱守中和，自然皆足。" }, "yanzun": { "workType": "指歸", "workTypeTrad": "指歸", "thesis": "天地不言而生物不窮；聖人不言而天下蕩蕩大治。", "thesisTrad": "天地不言而生物不窮；聖人不言而天下蕩蕩大治。", "noteIds": [ "c026" ], "workTypeSimp": "指归", "thesisSimp": "天地不言而生物不穷；圣人不言而天下荡荡大治。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "禍福在當與不當，得失非多；戒多言之失，勸以守中之得。", "thesisTrad": "禍福在當與不當，得失非多；戒多言之失，勸以守中之得。", "noteIds": [ "c030" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "祸福在当与不当，得失非多；戒多言之失，劝以守中之得。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "多言而無敬則動而數窮；守中乃抱道之實、保生之質。", "thesisTrad": "多言而無敬則動而數窮；守中乃抱道之實、保生之質。", "noteIds": [ "c031" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "多言而无敬则动而数穷；守中乃抱道之实、保生之质。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "不有不無、不取不捨而適與道相當，是之謂守中。", "thesisTrad": "不有不無、不取不捨而適與道相當，是之謂守中。", "noteIds": [ "c032" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "不有不无、不取不舍而适与道相当，是之谓守中。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "動而愈出乃虛中之報；多言數窮，不如守中之不窮。", "thesisTrad": "動而愈出乃虛中之報；多言數窮，不如守中之不窮。", "noteIds": [ "c035" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "动而愈出乃虚中之报；多言数穷，不如守中之不穷。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "數猶速，窮謂氣乏；虛心固守，使外物不入、內神不出。", "thesisTrad": "數猶速，窮謂氣乏；虛心固守，使外物不入、內神不出。", "noteIds": [ "c038" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "数犹速，穷谓气乏；虚心固守，使外物不入、内神不出。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "眾口辯說去道轉遠；不若忘言以體玄，守中即進道功夫。", "thesisTrad": "眾口辯說去道轉遠；不若忘言以體玄，守中即進道功夫。", "noteIds": [ "c039" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "众口辩说去道转远；不若忘言以体玄，守中即进道功夫。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "中者虛中，謂心；返觀默識，自守其中，不取理數之窮。", "thesisTrad": "中者虛中，謂心；返觀默識，自守其中，不取理數之窮。", "noteIds": [ "c040" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "中者虚中，谓心；返观默识，自守其中，不取理数之穷。" }, "wangfuzhi": { "workType": "衍", "workTypeTrad": "衍", "thesis": "仁則必言；出已必窮，故不如守中。", "thesisTrad": "仁則必言；出已必窮，故不如守中。", "noteIds": [ "c041", "c042" ], "workTypeSimp": "衍", "thesisSimp": "仁则必言；出已必穷，故不如守中。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c008", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公以多事害神、多言害身，說守德於中。", "textTrad": "河上公以多事害神、多言害身，說守德於中。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公以多事害神、多言害身，说守德于中。" }, { "noteId": "c012", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "王弼以愈為愈失、守數中則無窮，說棄己任物。", "textTrad": "王弼以愈為愈失、守數中則無窮，說棄己任物。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "王弼以愈为愈失、守数中则无穷，说弃己任物。" }, { "noteId": "c016", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英以多聞博贍為世智，守中即長生久視。", "textTrad": "成玄英以多聞博贍為世智，守中即長生久視。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英以多闻博赡为世智，守中即长生久视。" }, { "noteId": "c020", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "唐玄宗以多言不酬、數被窮屈，說抱守中和。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗以多言不酬、數被窮屈，說抱守中和。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "唐玄宗以多言不酬、数被穷屈，说抱守中和。" }, { "noteId": "c026", "relation": "指歸", "relationTrad": "指歸", "text": "嚴遵以天地不言而生物不窮，說聖人不言而大治。", "textTrad": "嚴遵以天地不言而生物不窮，說聖人不言而大治。", "relationSimp": "指归", "textSimp": "严遵以天地不言而生物不穷，说圣人不言而大治。" }, { "noteId": "c030", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮以禍福在當與不當，戒多言、勸守中。", "textTrad": "李榮以禍福在當與不當，戒多言、勸守中。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣以祸福在当与不当，戒多言、劝守中。" }, { "noteId": "c031", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "陸希聲以多言無敬則數窮，守中為抱道保生之實。", "textTrad": "陸希聲以多言無敬則數窮，守中為抱道保生之實。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "陆希声以多言无敬则数穷，守中为抱道保生之实。" }, { "noteId": "c032", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "呂惠卿以不有不無、不取不捨為守中，引允執厥中。", "textTrad": "呂惠卿以不有不無、不取不捨為守中，引允執厥中。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "吕惠卿以不有不无、不取不舍为守中，引允执厥中。" }, { "noteId": "c035", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "蘇轍以動而愈出為虛中之報，說守中之不窮。", "textTrad": "蘇轍以動而愈出為虛中之報，說守中之不窮。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "苏辙以动而愈出为虚中之报，说守中之不穷。" }, { "noteId": "c038", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄以數速氣乏釋數窮，以虛心固守釋守中。", "textTrad": "吳澄以數速氣乏釋數窮，以虛心固守釋守中。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄以数速气乏释数穷，以虚心固守释守中。" }, { "noteId": "c039", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "憨山以忘言體玄、守中為進道功夫收束。", "textTrad": "憨山以忘言體玄、守中為進道功夫收束。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "憨山以忘言体玄、守中为进道功夫收束。" }, { "noteId": "c040", "relation": "本義", "relationTrad": "本義", "text": "魏源以中為虛中、謂心，說自守其中。", "textTrad": "魏源以中為虛中、謂心，說自守其中。", "relationSimp": "本义", "textSimp": "魏源以中为虚中、谓心，说自守其中。" }, { "noteId": "c041", "relation": "衍", "relationTrad": "衍", "text": "王夫之以仁則必言、出已必窮，說不如守中。", "textTrad": "王夫之以仁則必言、出已必窮，說不如守中。", "relationSimp": "衍", "textSimp": "王夫之以仁则必言、出已必穷，说不如守中。" } ], "nameSimp": "多言数穷不如守中", "questionSimp": "「多言数穷，不如守中」的「中」究竟指什么？", "introSimp": "末两句由天道转入治道与修身，也是诸家分歧最大的一处。河上公以「守德于中，育养精神，爱气希言」为说；王弼以「愈为之则愈失之」、守数中则无穷尽；成玄英读「多言」为多闻博赡，以守中为长生久视；唐玄宗以「多言而不酬」、抱守中和；严遵以天地不言而生物不穷；李荣以祸福在当与不当，戒多言之失；陆希声以多言无敬则数穷，守中为抱道之实；吕惠卿以不有不无、不取不舍为守中，引「允执厥中」；苏辙以「虚中之报」；吴澄以「数犹速也，穷谓气乏」，中为橐内籥凑之处；憨山以忘言体玄；魏源以「中者虚中，谓心」；王夫之以「仁则必言」反证。同一个「中」，或指心中之德，或指虚空之中，或指中和之道，读者正可于此见注解的分寸。" } ], "requiredSources": [ "heshanggong", "chengxuanying", "tangxuanzong" ] }, "schema": "librebook.chapter/1", "generatedAt": "2026-10-30T11:41:46.839Z", "keyPrefix": "laozi-05", "idRules": { "chapter": "章节目录名（slug），如 01；URL 为 /laozi/01/。", "sentence": "章内局部编号 sNNN，全篇引用使用 laozi-01:sNNN；页面锚点继续使用 #sNNN。", "commentary": "章内注号 cNNN，字词注 nNNN，校记 kNNN；编号在章内稳定，跨章引用时加章节前缀。", "paragraph": "章内段落号 pNNN，与 sentence.paragraph 对应。" }, "book": { "id": "laozi", "slug": "laozi", "title": "老子", "titleSimp": "老子", "author": "老聃", "authorSimp": "老聃", "era": "春秋", "eraSimp": "春秋", "editor": "河上公、王弼等", "editorSimp": "河上公、王弼等", "edition": "王弼《老子注》", "editionSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "baseLabel": "王弼《老子注》", "baseLabelSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "separationLabel": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英義疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、嚴遵指歸、李榮注、陸希聲傳、呂惠卿傳、蘇轍老子解、吳澄道德真經注、憨山道德經解、魏源老子本義、俞樾平議、王夫之老子衍十四家", "separationLabelSimp": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英义疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、严遵指归、李荣注、陆希声传、吕惠卿传、苏辙老子解、吴澄道德真经注、憨山道德经解、魏源老子本义、俞樾平议、王夫之老子衍十四家", "intro": "《老子》八十一章，分道經、德經。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》為底本，逐章整理正文、舊注、今譯與校記；第一至八十一章已上線，全帙完竣。", "introSimp": "《老子》八十一章，分道经、德经。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》为底本，逐章整理正文、旧注、今译与校记；第一至八十一章已上线，全帙完竣。" }, "volume": { "id": "daojing", "order": 1, "title": "道經", "titleSimp": "道经" }, "chapter": { "id": "laozi-05", "slug": "05", "order": 5, "title": "第五章", "titleSimp": "第五章", "status": "published", "revision": "初校", "review": "待复核", "updated": "2026-10-29", "summary": "以「天地不仁，以萬物為芻狗」開篇，借芻狗、橐籥為喻，說天地聖人無心於仁而任自然、虛空而用不窮；末以「多言數窮，不如守中」由天道轉入治道與修身；附河上公、王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、嚴遵、李榮、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之十三家注疏。", "summarySimp": 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