{ "meta": { "book": { "id": "laozi", "title": "老子", "titleSimp": "老子", "author": "老聃", "authorSimp": "老聃", "era": "春秋", "eraSimp": "春秋", "editor": "河上公、王弼等", "editorSimp": "河上公、王弼等", "edition": "王弼《老子注》", "editionSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "slug": "laozi", "baseLabel": "王弼《老子注》", "baseLabelSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "separationLabel": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英義疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、嚴遵指歸、李榮注、陸希聲傳、呂惠卿傳、蘇轍老子解、吳澄道德真經注、憨山道德經解、魏源老子本義、俞樾平議、王夫之老子衍十四家", "separationLabelSimp": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英义疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、严遵指归、李荣注、陆希声传、吕惠卿传、苏辙老子解、吴澄道德真经注、憨山道德经解、魏源老子本义、俞樾平议、王夫之老子衍十四家", "intro": "《老子》八十一章，分道經、德經。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》為底本，逐章整理正文、舊注、今譯與校記；第一至八十一章已上線，全帙完竣。", "introSimp": "《老子》八十一章，分道经、德经。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》为底本，逐章整理正文、旧注、今译与校记；第一至八十一章已上线，全帙完竣。" }, "chapter": { "id": "laozi-07", "no": 7, "part": "道經", "partSimp": "道经", "title": "第七章", "titleSimp": "第七章", "intro": "《老子》第七章，河上公題「韜光」，唐玄宗題「天長地久章」。全章五句：以天地不自生而長久，喻聖人後身外身、無私而成其私。本站以王弼《老子注》為底本，分列河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英義疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、嚴遵指歸、李榮注、陸希聲傳、呂惠卿傳、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》與王夫之《老子衍》，並附編者今譯。諸家於「不自生」或解作不為己生，或解作不自矜生成之功；「成其私」或解作身先身存之效，成玄英則讀「私」為「尸」，解作無主而獨成化主。分章則吳澄、魏源因合上章「谷神不死」於第五章，本章在其本題為第六章。", "introSimp": "《老子》第七章，河上公题「韬光」，唐玄宗题「天长地久章」。全章五句：以天地不自生而长久，喻圣人后身外身、无私而成其私。本站以王弼《老子注》为底本，分列河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英义疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、严遵指归、李荣注、陆希声传、吕惠卿传、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》与王夫之《老子衍》，并附编者今译。诸家于「不自生」或解作不为己生，或解作不自矜生成之功；「成其私」或解作身先身存之效，成玄英则读「私」为「尸」，解作无主而独成化主。分章则吴澄、魏源因合上章「谷神不死」于第五章，本章在其本题为第六章。", "guide": "點擊任一句可展開句注；點擊字詞可看本句訓釋；按「諸家並觀」可將同一句的十三家舊注並列對讀。", "guideSimp": "点击任一句可展开句注；点击字词可看本句训释；按「诸家并观」可将同一句的十三家旧注并列对读。", "slug": "07", "order": 7, "status": "published", "revision": "初校", "review": "待复核", "updated": "2026-10-29", "summary": "以「天長地久」起筆，謂天地不自生故能長生；轉言聖人後其身而身先、外其身而身存，末以「非以其無私耶？故能成其私」點明無私成私之旨；附河上公、王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、嚴遵、李榮、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之十三家注疏，成玄英讀「私」為「尸」一說並見校記。", "summarySimp": "以「天长地久」起笔，谓天地不自生故能长生；转言圣人后其身而身先、外其身而身存，末以「非以其无私耶？故能成其私」点明无私成私之旨；附河上公、王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、严遵、李荣、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之十三家注疏，成玄英读「私」为「尸」一说并见校记。", "dataFile": "data/chapters/laozi-07.json", "relationsFile": "data/commentary-relations-laozi-07.json", "url": "/laozi/07/", "volumeId": "daojing", "volumeTitle": "道經", "volumeTitleSimp": "道经", "orderLabel": "第七" }, "edition": { "base": "王弼《老子注》", "baseEdition": "王弼《老子注》通行本", "separation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、嚴遵《道德真經指歸》、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德真經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》、王夫之《老子衍》諸本對校；陸希聲、呂惠卿二家據《道藏》本，參焦竑《老子翼》所輯", "punctuation": "數字轉錄所附現代標點，本站僅作閱讀輔助，尚未逐字復核原刻", "digital": "中華典藏網、大道家園公開轉錄、Kanripo 漢籍全文資料庫（僅作文字底本）", "caution": "《玄德纂疏》數字本訛字較多，河上公、王弼、唐玄宗御注御疏、蘇轍、吳澄、陸希聲、呂惠卿別取專本；成玄英疏、嚴遵指歸、李榮注第七章據《玄德纂疏》輯本文字，經人工校正，刪除現代整理者所加校勘括號，未補缺文。憨山、魏源、王夫之據公開轉錄本校讀。李榮《道德真經注》卷一止於第六章，第七章注文從《玄德纂疏》所引輯錄。", "baseSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "baseEditionSimp": "王弼《老子注》通行本", "separationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、严遵《道德真经指归》、李荣《道德真经注》、陆希声《道德真经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》、王夫之《老子衍》诸本对校；陆希声、吕惠卿二家据《道藏》本，参焦竑《老子翼》所辑", "punctuationSimp": "数字转录所附现代标点，本站仅作阅读辅助，尚未逐字复核原刻", "digitalSimp": "中华典藏网、大道家园公开转录、Kanripo 汉籍全文资料库（仅作文字底本）", "cautionSimp": "《玄德纂疏》数字本讹字较多，河上公、王弼、唐玄宗御注御疏、苏辙、吴澄、陆希声、吕惠卿别取专本；成玄英疏、严遵指归、李荣注第七章据《玄德纂疏》辑本文字，经人工校正，删除现代整理者所加校勘括号，未补缺文。憨山、魏源、王夫之据公开转录本校读。李荣《道德真经注》卷一止于第六章，第七章注文从《玄德纂疏》所引辑录。" }, "license": { "historical": "公有領域", "translation": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "code": "MIT" }, "stats": { "sentences": 5, "commentaries": 33, "charNotes": 6, "collations": 5 } }, "sources": [ { "id": "heshanggong", "name": "河上公章句", "short": "河上公", "author": "河上公", "work": "老子道德經章句", "era": "漢", "years": "傳漢文帝時", "color": "#a3542c", "desc": "分章句解，兼重治身與治國；此章以天地安靜自然、施不求報釋不自生，以先人後己、薄己厚人釋後身外身。", "count": 6, "nameSimp": "河上公章句", "workSimp": "老子道德经章句", "authorSimp": "河上公", "eraSimp": "汉", "yearsSimp": "传汉文帝时", "descSimp": "分章句解，兼重治身与治国；此章以天地安静自然、施不求报释不自生，以先人后己、薄己厚人释后身外身。", "shortSimp": "河上公" }, { "id": "wangbi", "name": "王弼注", "short": "王注", "author": "王弼", "work": "老子道德經注", "era": "曹魏", "years": "226–249", "color": "#8c5a2b", "desc": "以「無」為本，倡崇本息末；此章以自生則與物爭、不自生則物歸釋長生，以無私無為於身釋成其私。", "count": 2, "nameSimp": "王弼注", "workSimp": "老子道德经注", "authorSimp": "王弼", "eraSimp": "曹魏", "yearsSimp": "226–249", "descSimp": "以「无」为本，倡崇本息末；此章以自生则与物争、不自生则物归释长生，以无私无为于身释成其私。", "shortSimp": "王注" }, { "id": "chengxuanying", "name": "成玄英疏", "short": "成疏", "author": "成玄英", "work": "老子道德經義疏", "era": "唐", "years": "約 608–669", "color": "#6b7a4a", "desc": "以重玄雙遣為宗；此章以二儀猶有劫盡、舉天地以況聖人，以先度物、超三界、隳肢體、得長生釋後身外身，並讀「私」為「尸」。", "count": 4, "nameSimp": "成玄英疏", "workSimp": "老子道德经义疏", "authorSimp": "成玄英", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "约 608–669", "descSimp": "以重玄双遣为宗；此章以二仪犹有劫尽、举天地以况圣人，以先度物、超三界、隳肢体、得长生释后身外身，并读「私」为「尸」。", "shortSimp": "成疏" }, { "id": "tangxuanzong", "name": "唐玄宗御注御疏", "short": "御注", "author": "李隆基", "work": "道德真經注疏", "era": "唐", "years": "685–762", "color": "#9b3d3d", "desc": "帝王御注，兼採諸家；此章以無私無心則能長久、資稟於道不自矜生成之功為說，以忘生養之功釋無私。", "count": 8, "nameSimp": "唐玄宗御注御疏", "workSimp": "道德真经注疏", "authorSimp": "李隆基", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "685–762", "descSimp": "帝王御注，兼采诸家；此章以无私无心则能长久、资禀于道不自矜生成之功为说，以忘生养之功释无私。", "shortSimp": "御注" }, { "id": "yanzun", "name": "嚴遵指歸", "short": "嚴指歸", "author": "嚴遵", "work": "道德真經指歸", "era": "漢", "years": "約前 83–10", "color": "#7a5c3e", "desc": "以自然、真素立說；此章以卑身尊天、後己安人、逆身順道、外己安人釋後身外身，歸於化與神明通流、壽與山川為常。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "严遵指归", "workSimp": "道德真经指归", "authorSimp": "严遵", "eraSimp": "汉", "yearsSimp": "约前 83–10", "descSimp": "以自然、真素立说；此章以卑身尊天、后己安人、逆身顺道、外己安人释后身外身，归于化与神明通流、寿与山川为常。", "shortSimp": "严指归" }, { "id": "lirong", "name": "李榮注", "short": "李注", "author": "李榮", "work": "道德真經注", "era": "唐", "years": "生卒不詳", "color": "#4f6b7a", "desc": "唐初道士，以重玄遣執解《老》；此章以天地無心、不自營生為說，並以法天地無心、不自營厚養勸人。", "count": 3, "nameSimp": "李荣注", "workSimp": "道德真经注", "authorSimp": "李荣", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "生卒不详", "descSimp": "唐初道士，以重玄遣执解《老》；此章以天地无心、不自营生为说，并以法天地无心、不自营厚养劝人。", "shortSimp": "李注" }, { "id": "luxisheng", "name": "陸希聲傳", "short": "陸傳", "author": "陸希聲", "work": "道德經傳", "era": "唐", "years": "？–895", "color": "#6a5a7a", "desc": "以情性說《老》；此章以天地生萬物而不自生、聖人養百姓而不自養為說，歸於不私於身而後能有天下。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "陆希声传", "workSimp": "道德经传", "authorSimp": "陆希声", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "？–895", "descSimp": "以情性说《老》；此章以天地生万物而不自生、圣人养百姓而不自养为说，归于不私于身而后能有天下。", "shortSimp": "陆传" }, { "id": "lvhuiqing", "name": "呂惠卿傳", "short": "呂傳", "author": "呂惠卿", "work": "道德真經傳", "era": "北宋", "years": "1032–1111", "color": "#7a6a4a", "desc": "北宋新學一系；此章以長短形、久近時起論，以不自生故長生、無私乃能成其私為說。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "吕惠卿传", "workSimp": "道德真经传", "authorSimp": "吕惠卿", "eraSimp": "北宋", "yearsSimp": "1032–1111", "descSimp": "北宋新学一系；此章以长短形、久近时起论，以不自生故长生、无私乃能成其私为说。", "shortSimp": "吕传" }, { "id": "suzhe", "name": "蘇轍老子解", "short": "蘇解", "author": "蘇轍", "work": "老子解", "era": "北宋", "years": "1039–1112", "color": "#4a6a6a", "desc": "以形名言道；此章以天地未離形數、長久有量，而以不自生、不競生說其所以長久。", "count": 2, "nameSimp": "苏辙老子解", "workSimp": "老子解", "authorSimp": "苏辙", "eraSimp": "北宋", "yearsSimp": "1039–1112", "descSimp": "以形名言道；此章以天地未离形数、长久有量，而以不自生、不竞生说其所以长久。", "shortSimp": "苏解" }, { "id": "wucheng", "name": "吳澄道德真經注", "short": "吳注", "author": "吳澄", "work": "道德真經注", "era": "元", "years": "1249–1333", "color": "#5a6a3a", "desc": "元代朱學大家；此章以天地以氣生萬物而不自生其氣釋不自生，以卑賤在下、清靜無為分釋後身外身。", "count": 2, "nameSimp": "吴澄道德真经注", "workSimp": "道德真经注", "authorSimp": "吴澄", "eraSimp": "元", "yearsSimp": "1249–1333", "descSimp": "元代朱学大家；此章以天地以气生万物而不自生其气释不自生，以卑贱在下、清静无为分释后身外身。", "shortSimp": "吴注" }, { "id": "hanshan", "name": "憨山道德經解", "short": "憨山", "author": "釋德清", "work": "道德經解", "era": "明", "years": "1546–1623", "color": "#705a4a", "desc": "晚明高僧；此章以天地以不生故長生，比聖人忘身故身存，謂有我之私者皆不能長久。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "憨山道德经解", "workSimp": "道德经解", "authorSimp": "释德清", "eraSimp": "明", "yearsSimp": "1546–1623", "descSimp": "晚明高僧；此章以天地以不生故长生，比圣人忘身故身存，谓有我之私者皆不能长久。", "shortSimp": "憨山" }, { "id": "weiyuan", "name": "魏源老子本義", "short": "魏本義", "author": "魏源", "work": "老子本義", "era": "清", "years": "1794–1857", "color": "#3d5a6a", "desc": "清代今文經學家；此章以天施地生而不自私其生說長久，以處柔處下、寡欲無求說後身外身，歸於理勢之固然。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "魏源老子本义", "workSimp": "老子本义", "authorSimp": "魏源", "eraSimp": "清", "yearsSimp": "1794–1857", "descSimp": "清代今文经学家；此章以天施地生而不自私其生说长久，以处柔处下、寡欲无求说后身外身，归于理势之固然。", "shortSimp": "魏本义" }, { "id": "wangfuzhi", "name": "船山衍", "short": "船山", "author": "王夫之", "work": "老子衍", "era": "清", "years": "1619–1692", "color": "#3f5d52", "desc": "以「兩端生於一致」解《老》；此章以胎壯母羸、實登莖獲為喻，說聖人不以身犯準、不以身入中，故能配天地之長久。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "船山衍", "workSimp": "老子衍", "authorSimp": "王夫之", "eraSimp": "清", "yearsSimp": "1619–1692", "descSimp": "以「两端生于一致」解《老》；此章以胎壮母羸、实登茎获为喻，说圣人不以身犯准、不以身入中，故能配天地之长久。", "shortSimp": "船山" }, { "id": "translator", "name": "本站今譯", "short": "今譯", "author": "LibreBook 編者", "work": "今譯", "era": "當代", "years": "", "color": "#8a8a8a", "desc": "編者據舊注與上下文所作語體今譯，供閱讀參照。", "count": 5, "nameSimp": "本站今译", "workSimp": "今译", "authorSimp": "LibreBook 编者", "eraSimp": "当代", "yearsSimp": "", "descSimp": "编者据旧注与上下文所作语体今译，供阅读参照。", "shortSimp": "今译" } ], "sentences": [ { "id": "s001", "paragraph": 1, "text": "天長地久。", "textSimp": "天长地久。", "translation": "天地长久存在。", "translationTrad": "天地長久存在。", "noteIds": [ "c001", "c009", "c013", "c017", "c022", "c025", "c026", "c027", "c031", "c032", "c033" ], "noteCount": 11, "charNoteIds": [ "n001" ], "key": "laozi-07:s001", "n": 1 }, { "id": "s002", "paragraph": 1, "text": "天地所以能長且久者，以其不自生，故能長生。", "textSimp": "天地所以能长且久者，以其不自生，故能长生。", "translation": "天地能够长久存在，是因为它们不为自己营生，所以能够长生。", "translationTrad": "天地能夠長久存在，是因為它們不為自己營生，所以能夠長生。", "noteIds": [ "c002", "c003", "c007", "c010", "c014", "c018", "c022", "c025", "c026", "c028", "c029", "c031", "c032", "c033" ], "noteCount": 14, "charNoteIds": [ "n002" ], "key": "laozi-07:s002", "n": 2 }, { "id": "s003", "paragraph": 2, "text": "是以聖人後其身而身先，外其身而身存。", "textSimp": "是以圣人后其身而身先，外其身而身存。", "translation": "因此圣人把自身放在后面，反而居于人前；把自身置之度外，反而得以保全。", "translationTrad": "因此聖人把自身放在後面，反而居於人前；把自身置之度外，反而得以保全。", "noteIds": [ "c004", "c005", "c011", "c015", "c019", "c021", "c023", "c025", "c026", "c028", "c030", "c031", "c032", "c033" ], "noteCount": 14, "charNoteIds": [ "n003", "n004" ], "key": "laozi-07:s003", "n": 3 }, { "id": "s004", "paragraph": 2, "text": "非以其無私耶？", "textSimp": "非以其无私耶？", "translation": "不正是因为他无私吗？", "translationTrad": "不正是因為他無私嗎？", "noteIds": [ "c006", "c008", "c012", "c016", "c020", "c024", "c025", "c026", "c028", "c030", "c031", "c032", "c033" ], "noteCount": 13, "charNoteIds": [ "n005" ], "key": "laozi-07:s004", "n": 4 }, { "id": "s005", "paragraph": 2, "text": "故能成其私。", "textSimp": "故能成其私。", "translation": "所以反而能成就他自己。", "translationTrad": "所以反而能成就他自己。", "noteIds": [ "c006", "c008", "c012", "c016", "c020", "c024", "c025", "c026", "c028", "c030", "c031", "c032", "c033" ], "noteCount": 13, "charNoteIds": [ "n006" ], "key": "laozi-07:s005", "n": 5 } ], "commentaries": [ { "id": "c001", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "天長地久", "kind": "note", "text": "說天地長生久壽，以教喻人也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "textSimp": "说天地长生久寿，以教喻人也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》", "lemmaSimp": "天长地久" }, { "id": "c002", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "天地所以能長且久者，以其不自生", "kind": "note", "text": "天地所以獨能長且久者，以其安靜自然，施不求報，不如世人居處汲汲求自饒之利，奪人以自與矣。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "textSimp": "天地所以独能长且久者，以其安静自然，施不求报，不如世人居处汲汲求自饶之利，夺人以自与矣。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》", "lemmaSimp": "天地所以能长且久者，以其不自生" }, { "id": "c003", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "故能長生", "kind": "note", "text": "以其不求生，故能長生不終也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "textSimp": "以其不求生，故能长生不终也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》", "lemmaSimp": "故能长生" }, { "id": "c004", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "後其身而身先", "kind": "note", "text": "先人而後己。天下敬之，先以為長。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "textSimp": "先人而后己。天下敬之，先以为长。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》", "lemmaSimp": "后其身而身先" }, { "id": "c005", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "外其身而身存", "kind": "note", "text": "薄己而厚人。百姓愛之如父母，敬之如神明，佑之若赤子，故身常存也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "textSimp": "薄己而厚人。百姓爱之如父母，敬之如神明，佑之若赤子，故身常存也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》", "lemmaSimp": "外其身而身存" }, { "id": "c006", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "非以其無私耶？故能成其私", "kind": "note", "text": "聖人為人所愛，神明所佑，非以其公正無私所致乎？人以私者，欲以厚己也；聖人無私而己自厚，故能成其私也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "textSimp": "圣人为人所爱，神明所佑，非以其公正无私所致乎？人以私者，欲以厚己也；圣人无私而己自厚，故能成其私也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》", "lemmaSimp": "非以其无私耶？故能成其私" }, { "id": "c007", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "以其不自生，故能長生", "kind": "note", "text": "自生則與物爭，不自生則物歸也。故能長生。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》", "textSimp": "自生则与物争，不自生则物归也。故能长生。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》", "lemmaSimp": "以其不自生，故能长生" }, { "id": "c008", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "非以其無私耶？故能成其私", "kind": "note", "text": "無私者，無為於身也。身先身存，故曰能成其私也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》", "textSimp": "无私者，无为于身也。身先身存，故曰能成其私也。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》", "lemmaSimp": "非以其无私耶？故能成其私" }, { "id": "c009", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "天長地久", "kind": "note", "text": "二儀雖大，猶有劫盡之期；然就形相之中，稍為賒遠，故舉天地以況聖人。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》", "textSimp": "二仪虽大，犹有劫尽之期；然就形相之中，稍为赊远，故举天地以况圣人。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》", "lemmaSimp": "天长地久" }, { "id": "c010", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "天地所以能長且久者，以其不自生", "kind": "note", "text": "天地所以能長久者，假設疑旨，發明其義；以其不自生，假答前問，釋其所由。言天地但施生於萬物，不自營己之生也，故能長久，結釋也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》", "textSimp": "天地所以能长久者，假设疑旨，发明其义；以其不自生，假答前问，释其所由。言天地但施生于万物，不自营己之生也，故能长久，结释也。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》", "lemmaSimp": "天地所以能长且久者，以其不自生" }, { "id": "c011", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "是以聖人後其身而身先，外其身而身存", "kind": "note", "text": "是以聖人，是以仍上以合喻也。聖人即與天地合德者也，舉其高行，楷模群有也。後其身，先度物也；而身先，超三界也；外其身，隳肢體也；而身存，得長生也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》", "textSimp": "是以圣人，是以仍上以合喻也。圣人即与天地合德者也，举其高行，楷模群有也。后其身，先度物也；而身先，超三界也；外其身，隳肢体也；而身存，得长生也。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》", "lemmaSimp": "是以圣人后其身而身先，外其身而身存" }, { "id": "c012", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "非以其無私耶？故能成其私", "kind": "note", "text": "此其無尸，故能成其尸。尸，主也。言聖人觀物我虛幻，名實俱空，故能後己先人，忘我濟物，故無主也。而言成其尸者，結歎聖人也。只為德合二儀，芻狗百姓，故獨居三界之尊，成天人之化主也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》", "textSimp": "此其无尸，故能成其尸。尸，主也。言圣人观物我虚幻，名实俱空，故能后己先人，忘我济物，故无主也。而言成其尸者，结叹圣人也。只为德合二仪，刍狗百姓，故独居三界之尊，成天人之化主也。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》", "lemmaSimp": "非以其无私耶？故能成其私" }, { "id": "c013", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "天長地久", "kind": "note", "text": "標天地長久者，欲明無私無心，則能長能久；結喻成義，在乎聖人，後身外身、無私成私爾。", "authorNote": "御注", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "textSimp": "标天地长久者，欲明无私无心，则能长能久；结喻成义，在乎圣人，后身外身、无私成私尔。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（御注）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》", "authorNoteSimp": "御注", "lemmaSimp": "天长地久" }, { "id": "c014", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "天地所以能長且久者，以其不自生", "kind": "note", "text": "天地生物，德用甚多，而能長且久者，以其資稟於道，不自矜其生成之功故爾。", "authorNote": "御注", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "textSimp": "天地生物，德用甚多，而能长且久者，以其资禀于道，不自矜其生成之功故尔。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（御注）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》", "authorNoteSimp": "御注", "lemmaSimp": "天地所以能长且久者，以其不自生" }, { "id": "c015", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "是以聖人後其身而身先，外其身而身存", "kind": "note", "text": "後身則人樂推，故身先；外身則心忘淡泊，故身存。", "authorNote": "御注", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "textSimp": "后身则人乐推，故身先；外身则心忘淡泊，故身存。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（御注）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》", "authorNoteSimp": "御注", "lemmaSimp": "是以圣人后其身而身先，外其身而身存" }, { "id": "c016", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "非以其無私耶？故能成其私", "kind": "note", "text": "天地忘生養之功，是無私，而能長且久，是成其私；聖人後外其身，是無私，而能先能存，是成其私也。", "authorNote": "御注", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "textSimp": "天地忘生养之功，是无私，而能长且久，是成其私；圣人后外其身，是无私，而能先能存，是成其私也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（御注）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》", "authorNoteSimp": "御注", "lemmaSimp": "非以其无私耶？故能成其私" }, { "id": "c017", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "天長地久", "kind": "note", "text": "此標章門也。天以氣象，故稱長；地以形質，故稱久。", "authorNote": "御疏", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "textSimp": "此标章门也。天以气象，故称长；地以形质，故称久。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（御疏）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》", "authorNoteSimp": "御疏", "lemmaSimp": "天长地久" }, { "id": "c018", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "天地所以能長且久者，以其不自生", "kind": "note", "text": "前句標問，此假答云：天地所以能長且久者，以其覆載萬物，長育群材，而皆資稟於妙本，不自矜其生成之功用，以是之故，故能長久。又解云：不自生者，言天地但生養萬物，不自饒益其生，故能長久。", "authorNote": "御疏", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "textSimp": "前句标问，此假答云：天地所以能长且久者，以其覆载万物，长育群材，而皆资禀于妙本，不自矜其生成之功用，以是之故，故能长久。又解云：不自生者，言天地但生养万物，不自饶益其生，故能长久。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（御疏）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》", "authorNoteSimp": "御疏", "lemmaSimp": "天地所以能长且久者，以其不自生" }, { "id": "c019", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "是以聖人後其身而身先，外其身而身存", "kind": "note", "text": "是以聖人效天地之覆載，必均養而無私，故推先與人，百姓欣賴，為下所仰，故身先也；不自矜貴而外薄其身，天下歸仁則無畏害，故身存也。", "authorNote": "御疏", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "textSimp": "是以圣人效天地之覆载，必均养而无私，故推先与人，百姓欣赖，为下所仰，故身先也；不自矜贵而外薄其身，天下归仁则无畏害，故身存也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（御疏）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》", "authorNoteSimp": "御疏", "lemmaSimp": "是以圣人后其身而身先，外其身而身存" }, { "id": "c020", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "非以其無私耶？故能成其私", "kind": "note", "text": "天地所以能長久、聖人所以先存者，非以其無自私之心，故能成此長久先存之私乎？", "authorNote": "御疏", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "textSimp": "天地所以能长久、圣人所以先存者，非以其无自私之心，故能成此长久先存之私乎？", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（御疏）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》", "authorNoteSimp": "御疏", "lemmaSimp": "非以其无私耶？故能成其私" }, { "id": "c021", "block": 0, "source": "yanzun", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "是以聖人後其身而身先，外其身而身存", "kind": "note", "text": "聖人威震八表，聰明四達，委慮於無欲，歸計於不為；卑身以尊天，後己以安人，故不為而成，不言而信，人願為主，故先人；逆身以順道，外己以安人，功大無外而不可見，德高如蓋而不可聞，化與神明通流，壽與山川為常，故存。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "圣人威震八表，聪明四达，委虑于无欲，归计于不为；卑身以尊天，后己以安人，故不为而成，不言而信，人愿为主，故先人；逆身以顺道，外己以安人，功大无外而不可见，德高如盖而不可闻，化与神明通流，寿与山川为常，故存。", "citationFull": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "citationSimp": "严遵《道德真经指归》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "lemmaSimp": "是以圣人后其身而身先，外其身而身存" }, { "id": "c022", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "天長地久", "kind": "note", "text": "天長地久，天地所能長久者，以其不自生，故能長生。日月迴薄，虧昃之運難停；陰陽慘舒，寒暑之期易往。萬物於焉不足，兩儀所以獨長，故標天地之德，問乎長久之由，莫不本彼無心，不自營生也。言人若能法天地以無心，不自營以厚養，仙骨冠金石以長存，惠命絡方圓而永固；若不能捐是非以契道，遺情欲以凝真，聲色聾盲於耳目，香味困爽於鼻口，形勞於外，心疲於內，則百年同於朝露，千金齊於暮槿，故曰人之輕死，以其生生之厚，是以輕死也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "天长地久，天地所能长久者，以其不自生，故能长生。日月回薄，亏昃之运难停；阴阳惨舒，寒暑之期易往。万物于焉不足，两仪所以独长，故标天地之德，问乎长久之由，莫不本彼无心，不自营生也。言人若能法天地以无心，不自营以厚养，仙骨冠金石以长存，惠命络方圆而永固；若不能捐是非以契道，遗情欲以凝真，声色聋盲于耳目，香味困爽于鼻口，形劳于外，心疲于内，则百年同于朝露，千金齐于暮槿，故曰人之轻死，以其生生之厚，是以轻死也。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "lemmaSimp": "天长地久" }, { "id": "c023", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "是以聖人後其身而身先，外其身而身存", "kind": "note", "text": "忘情息機者少，逐欲乖真者多；唯聖人能行此行，謙退以居物後，德尊所以居先；存道於是外身，身存自與道合也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "忘情息机者少，逐欲乖真者多；唯圣人能行此行，谦退以居物后，德尊所以居先；存道于是外身，身存自与道合也。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "lemmaSimp": "是以圣人后其身而身先，外其身而身存" }, { "id": "c024", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "非以其無私耶？故能成其私", "kind": "note", "text": "凡情幽滯，靈識不通，無至公之心，有偏私之行；尊己而加物，厚身而薄人，欲先而不能超物，須存而報體已亡。聖人無心，欲居物先，自然在先；無情，欲得存固，自然存固，故曰成其私也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "凡情幽滞，灵识不通，无至公之心，有偏私之行；尊己而加物，厚身而薄人，欲先而不能超物，须存而报体已亡。圣人无心，欲居物先，自然在先；无情，欲得存固，自然存固，故曰成其私也。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "lemmaSimp": "非以其无私耶？故能成其私" }, { "id": "c025", "block": 0, "source": "luxisheng", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "第七章", "kind": "note", "text": "天地生萬物而不自生，故能長存不毀，恒久不已；聖人養百姓而不自養，故其教長久，與天地相似。是以不敢為天下先，則樂推而不厭；不敢有其身，則歿身而不殆。誠以其不私於身，而後能有天下也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "天地生万物而不自生，故能长存不毁，恒久不已；圣人养百姓而不自养，故其教长久，与天地相似。是以不敢为天下先，则乐推而不厌；不敢有其身，则殁身而不殆。诚以其不私于身，而后能有天下也。", "citationFull": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "陆希声《道德经传》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "第七章" }, { "id": "c026", "block": 0, "source": "lvhuiqing", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "第七章", "kind": "note", "text": "傳曰：長短形也，久近時也。天以時行者也，嫌不足於形，故以長言之；地以形運者也，嫌不足於時，故以久言之。天地之根出於玄牝，玄牝之體立於谷神之不死；不死則不生，不生者能生生。天地之所以能長且久者，以其不自生，不自生故能長生，猶谷神而已矣。然則聖人豈以有其身為累哉？緣於不得已而物莫之能止，故曰後其身而身先；立於无何有而物莫之能害，故曰外其身而身存。身者，吾之私也；後其身、外其身，則公而無私矣；無私也，乃能成其私。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "呂惠卿《道德真經傳》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "传曰：长短形也，久近时也。天以时行者也，嫌不足于形，故以长言之；地以形运者也，嫌不足于时，故以久言之。天地之根出于玄牝，玄牝之体立于谷神之不死；不死则不生，不生者能生生。天地之所以能长且久者，以其不自生，不自生故能长生，犹谷神而已矣。然则圣人岂以有其身为累哉？缘于不得已而物莫之能止，故曰后其身而身先；立于无何有而物莫之能害，故曰外其身而身存。身者，吾之私也；后其身、外其身，则公而无私矣；无私也，乃能成其私。", "citationFull": "呂惠卿《道德真經傳》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "吕惠卿《道德真经传》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "第七章" }, { "id": "c027", "block": 0, "source": "suzhe", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "天長地久", "kind": "note", "text": "天地雖大，而未離於形數，則其長久蓋有量矣。然老子之言長久極於天地，蓋以人所見者言之耳。若夫長久之至，則所謂天地始者是矣。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "蘇轍《老子解》", "textSimp": "天地虽大，而未离于形数，则其长久盖有量矣。然老子之言长久极于天地，盖以人所见者言之耳。若夫长久之至，则所谓天地始者是矣。", "citationFull": "蘇轍《老子解》", "citationSimp": "苏辙《老子解》", "lemmaSimp": "天长地久" }, { "id": "c028", "block": 0, "source": "suzhe", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "天地所以能長且久者，以其不自生，故能長生", "kind": "note", "text": "天地生物而不自生，立於萬物之外，故能長生；聖人後其身而先人，外其身而利人，處於眾人之表，故能先且存。如使天地與物競生，而聖人與人爭得，則天地亦一物耳，聖人亦一人耳，何以大過之哉？雖然，彼其無私，非以求成私也，而私以之成，道則固然耳。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "蘇轍《老子解》", "textSimp": "天地生物而不自生，立于万物之外，故能长生；圣人后其身而先人，外其身而利人，处于众人之表，故能先且存。如使天地与物竞生，而圣人与人争得，则天地亦一物耳，圣人亦一人耳，何以大过之哉？虽然，彼其无私，非以求成私也，而私以之成，道则固然耳。", "citationFull": "蘇轍《老子解》", "citationSimp": "苏辙《老子解》", "lemmaSimp": "天地所以能长且久者，以其不自生，故能长生" }, { "id": "c029", "block": 0, "source": "wucheng", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "天地所以能長且久者，以其不自生", "kind": "note", "text": "天地以其氣生萬物，而不自生其氣。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "吳澄《道德真經注》", "textSimp": "天地以其气生万物，而不自生其气。", "citationFull": "吳澄《道德真經注》", "citationSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》", "lemmaSimp": "天地所以能长且久者，以其不自生" }, { "id": "c030", "block": 0, "source": "wucheng", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "是以聖人後其身而身先，外其身而身存", "kind": "note", "text": "後謂卑賤在下，不求先人；先謂尊高在上；外謂清靜無為，不求益生；存謂長久住世；無私謂後其身、外其身；成其私謂身先身存。聖人非欲成其私也，而自有身先身存之效；假設眾人有心成其私者言之，則為能成其私也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "吳澄《道德真經注》", "textSimp": "后谓卑贱在下，不求先人；先谓尊高在上；外谓清静无为，不求益生；存谓长久住世；无私谓后其身、外其身；成其私谓身先身存。圣人非欲成其私也，而自有身先身存之效；假设众人有心成其私者言之，则为能成其私也。", "citationFull": "吳澄《道德真經注》", "citationSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》", "lemmaSimp": "是以圣人后其身而身先，外其身而身存" }, { "id": "c031", "block": 0, "source": "hanshan", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "第七章", "kind": "note", "text": "此言天地以不生故長生，以比聖人忘身故身存也。意謂世人各圖一己之私，以為長久計，殊不知有我之私者，皆不能長久也。何物長久？唯天地長久。然天地所以長久者，以其不自私其生，故能長生。其次則聖人長久，是以聖人體天地之德，不私其身以先人，故人樂推而不厭，故曰後其身而身先。聖人不愛身以喪道，故身死而道存；道存則千古如生，即身存也，故曰外其身而身存。老子言此，乃審問之曰：此豈不是聖人以無私而返成其私耶？且世人營營為一身之謀，欲作千秋之計者，身死而名滅；是雖私，不能成其私，何長久之有？", "authorNote": "", "citation": "釋德清《道德經解》", "textSimp": "此言天地以不生故长生，以比圣人忘身故身存也。意谓世人各图一己之私，以为长久计，殊不知有我之私者，皆不能长久也。何物长久？唯天地长久。然天地所以长久者，以其不自私其生，故能长生。其次则圣人长久，是以圣人体天地之德，不私其身以先人，故人乐推而不厌，故曰后其身而身先。圣人不爱身以丧道，故身死而道存；道存则千古如生，即身存也，故曰外其身而身存。老子言此，乃审问之曰：此岂不是圣人以无私而返成其私耶？且世人营营为一身之谋，欲作千秋之计者，身死而名灭；是虽私，不能成其私，何长久之有？", "citationFull": "釋德清《道德經解》", "citationSimp": "释德清《道德经解》", "lemmaSimp": "第七章" }, { "id": "c032", "block": 0, "source": "weiyuan", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "第七章", "kind": "note", "text": "上章谷神不死，而露天地根，此天地之所以長久也。天施地生，而不自私其生，故能長生；使天地而自私其身，則天地亦一物矣，何以能長且久哉？是以聖人處柔處下，本以先人而後其身也，而人愈貴之；寡欲無求，本以利人而外其身也，而人愈不害之。其後身外身，夫非心之無私邪？乃身以先且存焉而成其私，亦理勢之固然耳。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "上章谷神不死，而露天地根，此天地之所以长久也。天施地生，而不自私其生，故能长生；使天地而自私其身，则天地亦一物矣，何以能长且久哉？是以圣人处柔处下，本以先人而后其身也，而人愈贵之；寡欲无求，本以利人而外其身也，而人愈不害之。其后身外身，夫非心之无私邪？乃身以先且存焉而成其私，亦理势之固然耳。", "citationFull": "魏源《老子本義》", "citationSimp": "魏源《老子本义》", "lemmaSimp": "第七章" }, { "id": "c033", "block": 0, "source": "wangfuzhi", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "第七章", "kind": "evaluation", "text": "夫胎壯則母羸，實登則莖獲，其不疑天地之羸且獲者鮮也。乃天地不得不食萬物矣，而未嘗為之食。胎各有元，荄各有蕾，遊其虛中，而究取資於自有。聖人不以身犯準，是後之也；不以身入中，是外之也。食萬物而不恩，食於萬物而萬物不怨。故無所施功，而功灌於苴鹵；無所期穗，而德行於曾玄；而乃以配天地之長久。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "王夫之《老子衍》", "textSimp": "夫胎壮则母羸，实登则茎获，其不疑天地之羸且获者鲜也。乃天地不得不食万物矣，而未尝为之食。胎各有元，荄各有蕾，游其虚中，而究取资于自有。圣人不以身犯准，是后之也；不以身入中，是外之也。食万物而不恩，食于万物而万物不怨。故无所施功，而功灌于苴卤；无所期穗，而德行于曾玄；而乃以配天地之长久。", "citationFull": "王夫之《老子衍》", "citationSimp": "王夫之《老子衍》", "lemmaSimp": "第七章" } ], "charNotes": [ { "id": "n001", "sentenceId": "s001", "start": 0, "end": 4, "char": "天長地久", "charSimp": "天长地久", "startSimp": 0, "endSimp": 4, "pinyin": "tiān cháng dì jiǔ", "gloss": "天地長久存在；此章借以喻聖人無私而身存。", "glossSimp": "天地长久存在；此章借以喻圣人无私而身存。", "general": "河上公注：「說天地長生久壽，以教喻人也。」蘇轍解：「天地雖大，而未離於形數，則其長久蓋有量矣。」", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「说天地长生久寿，以教喻人也。」苏辙解：「天地虽大，而未离于形数，则其长久盖有量矣。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "蘇轍解" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "苏辙解" ] }, { "id": "n002", "sentenceId": "s002", "start": 12, "end": 15, "char": "不自生", "charSimp": "不自生", "startSimp": 12, "endSimp": 15, "pinyin": "bù zì shēng", "gloss": "不為自己營生、不自我增益其生；諸家或解作不自矜其生成之功。", "glossSimp": "不为自己营生、不自我增益其生；诸家或解作不自矜其生成之功。", "general": "王弼注：「自生則與物爭，不自生則物歸也。」吳澄注：「天地以其氣生萬物，而不自生其氣。」", "generalSimp": "王弼注：「自生则与物争，不自生则物归也。」吴澄注：「天地以其气生万物，而不自生其气。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "王弼注", "吳澄注" ], "refsSimp": [ "王弼注", "吴澄注" ] }, { "id": "n003", "sentenceId": "s003", "start": 4, "end": 7, "char": "後其身", "charSimp": "后其身", "startSimp": 4, "endSimp": 7, "pinyin": "hòu qí shēn", "gloss": "把自身放在別人之後，謙退不爭先。", "glossSimp": "把自身放在别人之后，谦退不争先。", "general": "河上公注：「先人而後己。」吳澄注：「後謂卑賤在下，不求先人。」", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「先人而后己。」吴澄注：「后谓卑贱在下，不求先人。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "吳澄注" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "吴澄注" ] }, { "id": "n004", "sentenceId": "s003", "start": 11, "end": 14, "char": "外其身", "charSimp": "外其身", "startSimp": 11, "endSimp": 14, "pinyin": "wài qí shēn", "gloss": "把自身置之度外，不貪生厚養。", "glossSimp": "把自身置之度外，不贪生厚养。", "general": "河上公注：「薄己而厚人。」吳澄注：「外謂清靜無為，不求益生。」", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「薄己而厚人。」吴澄注：「外谓清静无为，不求益生。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "吳澄注" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "吴澄注" ] }, { "id": "n005", "sentenceId": "s004", "start": 3, "end": 5, "char": "無私", "charSimp": "无私", "startSimp": 3, "endSimp": 5, "pinyin": "wú sī", "gloss": "沒有私心；成玄英讀「私」為「尸」，解作無主。", "glossSimp": "没有私心；成玄英读「私」为「尸」，解作无主。", "general": "河上公注：「聖人為人所愛，神明所佑，非以其公正無私所致乎？」王弼注：「無私者，無為於身也。」", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「圣人为人所爱，神明所佑，非以其公正无私所致乎？」王弼注：「无私者，无为于身也。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "王弼注" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "王弼注" ] }, { "id": "n006", "sentenceId": "s005", "start": 2, "end": 5, "char": "成其私", "charSimp": "成其私", "startSimp": 2, "endSimp": 5, "pinyin": "chéng qí sī", "gloss": "反而成就自身；私，指身先、身存之效。", "glossSimp": "反而成就自身；私，指身先、身存之效。", "general": "王弼注：「身先身存，故曰能成其私也。」唐玄宗注：「聖人後外其身，是無私，而能先能存，是成其私也。」", "generalSimp": "王弼注：「身先身存，故曰能成其私也。」唐玄宗注：「圣人后外其身，是无私，而能先能存，是成其私也。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "王弼注", "唐玄宗注" ], "refsSimp": [ "王弼注", "唐玄宗注" ] } ], "glossary": { "天長地久": "天地長久存在；此章借喻聖人無私而身存。", "不自生": "不為自己營生；一說不自矜其生成之功。", "後其身": "把自身放在人後，謙退不爭先。", "外其身": "把自身置之度外，不貪厚養。", "成其私": "反而成就自身；私指身先、身存之效。" }, "collations": [ { "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "故能長生", "text": "吳澄本作「故能長久」，魏源所見碑本亦作「長久」。正文從王弼本作「長生」。", "source": "吳澄《道德真經注》、魏源《老子本義》、王弼《老子道德經注》", "textSimp": "吴澄本作「故能长久」，魏源所见碑本亦作「长久」。正文从王弼本作「长生」。", "headwordSimp": "故能长生", "sourceSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》、魏源《老子本义》、王弼《老子道德经注》", "id": "k001" }, { "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "非以其無私耶", "text": "河上公本無「非」「邪」二字，作「以其無私」；傅奕本「非」作「不」；唐玄宗御注御疏「耶」作「邪」。正文從王弼本。", "source": "河上公《老子道德經章句》、傅奕《道德經古本篇》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、王弼《老子道德經注》", "textSimp": "河上公本无「非」「邪」二字，作「以其无私」；傅奕本「非」作「不」；唐玄宗御注御疏「耶」作「邪」。正文从王弼本。", "headwordSimp": "非以其无私耶", "sourceSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》、傅奕《道德经古本篇》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、王弼《老子道德经注》", "id": "k002" }, { "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "成其私", "text": "成玄英疏讀「私」為「尸」，訓「尸」為主，謂聖人無主而獨成天人之化主；河上公、王弼諸本皆作「私」。", "source": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、河上公《老子道德經章句》、王弼《老子道德經注》", "textSimp": "成玄英疏读「私」为「尸」，训「尸」为主，谓圣人无主而独成天人之化主；河上公、王弼诸本皆作「私」。", "headwordSimp": "成其私", "sourceSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、河上公《老子道德经章句》、王弼《老子道德经注》", "id": "k003" }, { "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "天長地久", "text": "魏源本正文作「天地長久」，注云碑本作「天長地久」；河上公、王弼本作「天長地久」。正文從底本。", "source": "魏源《老子本義》、河上公《老子道德經章句》、王弼《老子道德經注》", "textSimp": "魏源本正文作「天地长久」，注云碑本作「天长地久」；河上公、王弼本作「天长地久」。正文从底本。", "headwordSimp": "天长地久", "sourceSimp": "魏源《老子本义》、河上公《老子道德经章句》、王弼《老子道德经注》", "id": "k004" }, { "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "章次", "text": "河上公本題「韜光第七」，唐玄宗本題「天長地久章第七」；吳澄本、魏源本因合上章「谷神不死」於第五章，故本章在其本題為第六章。本站從王弼通行分章，以「天長地久」起本章。", "source": "河上公《老子道德經章句》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、吳澄《道德真經注》、魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "河上公本题「韬光第七」，唐玄宗本题「天长地久章第七」；吴澄本、魏源本因合上章「谷神不死」于第五章，故本章在其本题为第六章。本站从王弼通行分章，以「天长地久」起本章。", "headwordSimp": "章次", "sourceSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、吴澄《道德真经注》、魏源《老子本义》", "id": "k005" } ], "glossarySimp": { "天长地久": "天地长久存在；此章借喻圣人无私而身存。", "不自生": "不为自己营生；一说不自矜其生成之功。", "后其身": "把自身放在人后，谦退不争先。", "外其身": "把自身置之度外，不贪厚养。", "成其私": "反而成就自身；私指身先、身存之效。" }, "lexicon": { "note": "由构建脚本从字词注与常用字表生成，供义位词典和开放数据集使用；occurrence 统计按繁体与简体正文分别匹配后合并。", "entries": [ { "order": 1, "id": "n001", "noteId": "n001", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "天長地久", "headwordSimp": "天长地久", "pinyin": "tiān cháng dì jiǔ", "gloss": "天地長久存在；此章借以喻聖人無私而身存。", "glossSimp": "天地长久存在；此章借以喻圣人无私而身存。", "general": "河上公注：「說天地長生久壽，以教喻人也。」蘇轍解：「天地雖大，而未離於形數，則其長久蓋有量矣。」", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「说天地长生久寿，以教喻人也。」苏辙解：「天地虽大，而未离于形数，则其长久盖有量矣。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "蘇轍解" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "苏辙解" ], "forms": [ { "form": "天長地久", "formSimp": "天长地久", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 2, "id": "n002", "noteId": "n002", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "不自生", "headwordSimp": "不自生", "pinyin": "bù zì shēng", "gloss": "不為自己營生、不自我增益其生；諸家或解作不自矜其生成之功。", "glossSimp": "不为自己营生、不自我增益其生；诸家或解作不自矜其生成之功。", "general": "王弼注：「自生則與物爭，不自生則物歸也。」吳澄注：「天地以其氣生萬物，而不自生其氣。」", "generalSimp": "王弼注：「自生则与物争，不自生则物归也。」吴澄注：「天地以其气生万物，而不自生其气。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "王弼注", "吳澄注" ], "refsSimp": [ "王弼注", "吴澄注" ], "forms": [ { "form": "不自生", "formSimp": "不自生", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 3, "id": "n003", "noteId": "n003", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "後其身", "headwordSimp": "后其身", "pinyin": "hòu qí shēn", "gloss": "把自身放在別人之後，謙退不爭先。", "glossSimp": "把自身放在别人之后，谦退不争先。", "general": "河上公注：「先人而後己。」吳澄注：「後謂卑賤在下，不求先人。」", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「先人而后己。」吴澄注：「后谓卑贱在下，不求先人。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "吳澄注" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "吴澄注" ], "forms": [ { "form": "後其身", "formSimp": "后其身", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 4, "id": "n004", "noteId": "n004", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "外其身", "headwordSimp": "外其身", "pinyin": "wài qí shēn", "gloss": "把自身置之度外，不貪生厚養。", "glossSimp": "把自身置之度外，不贪生厚养。", "general": "河上公注：「薄己而厚人。」吳澄注：「外謂清靜無為，不求益生。」", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「薄己而厚人。」吴澄注：「外谓清静无为，不求益生。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "吳澄注" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "吴澄注" ], "forms": [ { "form": "外其身", "formSimp": "外其身", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 5, "id": "n005", "noteId": "n005", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "無私", "headwordSimp": "无私", "pinyin": "wú sī", "gloss": "沒有私心；成玄英讀「私」為「尸」，解作無主。", "glossSimp": "没有私心；成玄英读「私」为「尸」，解作无主。", "general": "河上公注：「聖人為人所愛，神明所佑，非以其公正無私所致乎？」王弼注：「無私者，無為於身也。」", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「圣人为人所爱，神明所佑，非以其公正无私所致乎？」王弼注：「无私者，无为于身也。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "王弼注" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "王弼注" ], "forms": [ { "form": "無私", "formSimp": "无私", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 6, "id": "n006", "noteId": "n006", "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "成其私", "headwordSimp": "成其私", "pinyin": "chéng qí sī", "gloss": "反而成就自身；私，指身先、身存之效。", "glossSimp": "反而成就自身；私，指身先、身存之效。", "general": "王弼注：「身先身存，故曰能成其私也。」唐玄宗注：「聖人後外其身，是無私，而能先能存，是成其私也。」", "generalSimp": "王弼注：「身先身存，故曰能成其私也。」唐玄宗注：「圣人后外其身，是无私，而能先能存，是成其私也。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "王弼注", "唐玄宗注" ], "refsSimp": [ "王弼注", "唐玄宗注" ], "forms": [ { "form": "成其私", "formSimp": "成其私", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s005" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s005" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 } ], "glossaryEntries": [ { "order": 7, "id": "g001", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "天長地久", "headwordSimp": "天长地久", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "天地長久存在；此章借喻聖人無私而身存。", "glossSimp": "天地长久存在；此章借喻圣人无私而身存。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "天長地久", "formSimp": "天长地久", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 8, "id": "g002", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "不自生", "headwordSimp": "不自生", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "不為自己營生；一說不自矜其生成之功。", "glossSimp": "不为自己营生；一说不自矜其生成之功。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "不自生", "formSimp": "不自生", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 9, "id": "g003", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "後其身", "headwordSimp": "后其身", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "把自身放在人後，謙退不爭先。", "glossSimp": "把自身放在人后，谦退不争先。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "後其身", "formSimp": "后其身", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 10, "id": "g004", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "外其身", "headwordSimp": "外其身", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "把自身置之度外，不貪厚養。", "glossSimp": "把自身置之度外，不贪厚养。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "外其身", "formSimp": "外其身", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 11, "id": "g005", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "成其私", "headwordSimp": "成其私", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "反而成就自身；私指身先、身存之效。", "glossSimp": "反而成就自身；私指身先、身存之效。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "成其私", "formSimp": "成其私", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s005" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s005" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 } ] }, "relations": { "version": "1.0.0", "note": "第七章四組觀念的十三家對照。河上公、王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗四家四組皆備；嚴遵於「天長地久」「不自生」「成其私」三組無專文，僅「後其身外其身」一組列十三家，其餘三組十二家。", "concepts": [ { "id": "tianchangdijiu", "name": "天長地久", "nameTrad": "天長地久", "question": "天地為何能長且久？", "questionTrad": "天地為何能長且久？", "intro": "開篇四字標出天地之長久，隨即以「不自生」解釋其所以長久。河上公以安靜自然、施不求報為說；王弼以自生則與物爭、不自生則物歸；成玄英提醒二儀雖大猶有劫盡之期，只是就形相之中稍為賒遠，故舉天地以況聖人；唐玄宗以無私無心則能長能久，並謂結喻成義在乎聖人；李榮以天地無心、不自營生，兩儀所以獨長；陸希聲以天地生萬物而不自生，故能長存不毀；呂惠卿以長短形、久近時起論；蘇轍則說天地未離形數，其長久蓋有量，老子以人所見者言之；吳澄以天地以氣生萬物而不自生其氣；憨山以有我之私者皆不能長久，唯天地長久；魏源以天施地生而不自私其生；王夫之以天地不得不食萬物而未嘗為之食收束。諸家多不把「長久」看作絕對無限，而是就其無心、無私、不營生立說。", "introTrad": "開篇四字標出天地之長久，隨即以「不自生」解釋其所以長久。河上公以安靜自然、施不求報為說；王弼以自生則與物爭、不自生則物歸；成玄英提醒二儀雖大猶有劫盡之期，只是就形相之中稍為賒遠，故舉天地以況聖人；唐玄宗以無私無心則能長能久，並謂結喻成義在乎聖人；李榮以天地無心、不自營生，兩儀所以獨長；陸希聲以天地生萬物而不自生，故能長存不毀；呂惠卿以長短形、久近時起論；蘇轍則說天地未離形數，其長久蓋有量，老子以人所見者言之；吳澄以天地以氣生萬物而不自生其氣；憨山以有我之私者皆不能長久，唯天地長久；魏源以天施地生而不自私其生；王夫之以天地不得不食萬物而未嘗為之食收束。諸家多不把「長久」看作絕對無限，而是就其無心、無私、不營生立說。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "天地安靜自然，施不求報，故能長生久壽。", "thesisTrad": "天地安靜自然，施不求報，故能長生久壽。", "noteIds": [ "c001" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "天地安静自然，施不求报，故能长生久寿。" }, "wangbi": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "自生則與物爭，不自生則物歸，故能長生。", "thesisTrad": "自生則與物爭，不自生則物歸，故能長生。", "noteIds": [ "c007" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "自生则与物争，不自生则物归，故能长生。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "二儀雖大，猶有劫盡之期；就形相之中稍為賒遠，故舉天地以況聖人。", "thesisTrad": "二儀雖大，猶有劫盡之期；就形相之中稍為賒遠，故舉天地以況聖人。", "noteIds": [ "c009" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "二仪虽大，犹有劫尽之期；就形相之中稍为赊远，故举天地以况圣人。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "標天地長久，欲明無私無心則能長能久；結喻成義在乎聖人。", "thesisTrad": "標天地長久，欲明無私無心則能長能久；結喻成義在乎聖人。", "noteIds": [ "c013", "c017" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "标天地长久，欲明无私无心则能长能久；结喻成义在乎圣人。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "天地所能長久者，以其不自生；日月迴薄、寒暑易往，兩儀所以獨長。", "thesisTrad": "天地所能長久者，以其不自生；日月迴薄、寒暑易往，兩儀所以獨長。", "noteIds": [ "c022" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "天地所能长久者，以其不自生；日月回薄、寒暑易往，两仪所以独长。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "天地生萬物而不自生，故能長存不毀，恒久不已。", "thesisTrad": "天地生萬物而不自生，故能長存不毀，恒久不已。", "noteIds": [ "c025" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "天地生万物而不自生，故能长存不毁，恒久不已。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "天以時行故以長言之，地以形運故以久言之；天地之根出於玄牝。", "thesisTrad": "天以時行故以長言之，地以形運故以久言之；天地之根出於玄牝。", "noteIds": [ "c026" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "天以时行故以长言之，地以形运故以久言之；天地之根出于玄牝。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "天地未離形數，其長久蓋有量；老子以人所見者言之。", "thesisTrad": "天地未離形數，其長久蓋有量；老子以人所見者言之。", "noteIds": [ "c027" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "天地未离形数，其长久盖有量；老子以人所见者言之。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "天地以其氣生萬物，而不自生其氣。", "thesisTrad": "天地以其氣生萬物，而不自生其氣。", "noteIds": [ "c029" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "天地以其气生万物，而不自生其气。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "天地以不生故長生；有我之私者皆不能長久，唯天地長久。", "thesisTrad": "天地以不生故長生；有我之私者皆不能長久，唯天地長久。", "noteIds": [ "c031" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "天地以不生故长生；有我之私者皆不能长久，唯天地长久。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "天施地生而不自私其生，故能長生；自私其身則天地亦一物。", "thesisTrad": "天施地生而不自私其生，故能長生；自私其身則天地亦一物。", "noteIds": [ "c032" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "天施地生而不自私其生，故能长生；自私其身则天地亦一物。" }, "wangfuzhi": { "workType": "衍", "workTypeTrad": "衍", "thesis": "天地不得不食萬物而未嘗為之食，故無所施功而功灌於苴鹵。", "thesisTrad": "天地不得不食萬物而未嘗為之食，故無所施功而功灌於苴鹵。", "noteIds": [ "c033" ], "workTypeSimp": "衍", "thesisSimp": "天地不得不食万物而未尝为之食，故无所施功而功灌于苴卤。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c001", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公以安靜自然、施不求報說天地長久。", "textTrad": "河上公以安靜自然、施不求報說天地長久。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公以安静自然、施不求报说天地长久。" }, { "noteId": "c007", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "王弼以不自生則物歸，說其所以長生。", "textTrad": "王弼以不自生則物歸，說其所以長生。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "王弼以不自生则物归，说其所以长生。" }, { "noteId": "c009", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英以二儀猶有劫盡、舉天地況聖人。", "textTrad": "成玄英以二儀猶有劫盡、舉天地況聖人。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英以二仪犹有劫尽、举天地况圣人。" }, { "noteId": "c013", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "唐玄宗以無私無心則能長能久，結喻在乎聖人。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗以無私無心則能長能久，結喻在乎聖人。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "唐玄宗以无私无心则能长能久，结喻在乎圣人。" }, { "noteId": "c022", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮以天地無心、不自營生，說兩儀獨長。", "textTrad": "李榮以天地無心、不自營生，說兩儀獨長。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣以天地无心、不自营生，说两仪独长。" }, { "noteId": "c025", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "陸希聲以生萬物而不自生，說長存不毀。", "textTrad": "陸希聲以生萬物而不自生，說長存不毀。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "陆希声以生万物而不自生，说长存不毁。" }, { "noteId": "c026", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "呂惠卿以長短形、久近時，說天地之長久。", "textTrad": "呂惠卿以長短形、久近時，說天地之長久。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "吕惠卿以长短形、久近时，说天地之长久。" }, { "noteId": "c027", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "蘇轍以天地未離形數、長久有量說之。", "textTrad": "蘇轍以天地未離形數、長久有量說之。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "苏辙以天地未离形数、长久有量说之。" }, { "noteId": "c029", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄以天地以氣生物而不自生其氣說之。", "textTrad": "吳澄以天地以氣生物而不自生其氣說之。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄以天地以气生物而不自生其气说之。" }, { "noteId": "c031", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "憨山以有我之私不能長久，反襯天地長久。", "textTrad": "憨山以有我之私不能長久，反襯天地長久。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "憨山以有我之私不能长久，反衬天地长久。" }, { "noteId": "c032", "relation": "本義", "relationTrad": "本義", "text": "魏源以天施地生而不自私其生說長久。", "textTrad": "魏源以天施地生而不自私其生說長久。", "relationSimp": "本义", "textSimp": "魏源以天施地生而不自私其生说长久。" }, { "noteId": "c033", "relation": "衍", "relationTrad": "衍", "text": "王夫之以天地食萬物而未嘗為之食收束。", "textTrad": "王夫之以天地食萬物而未嘗為之食收束。", "relationSimp": "衍", "textSimp": "王夫之以天地食万物而未尝为之食收束。" } ], "nameSimp": "天长地久", "questionSimp": "天地为何能长且久？", "introSimp": "开篇四字标出天地之长久，随即以「不自生」解释其所以长久。河上公以安静自然、施不求报为说；王弼以自生则与物争、不自生则物归；成玄英提醒二仪虽大犹有劫尽之期，只是就形相之中稍为赊远，故举天地以况圣人；唐玄宗以无私无心则能长能久，并谓结喻成义在乎圣人；李荣以天地无心、不自营生，两仪所以独长；陆希声以天地生万物而不自生，故能长存不毁；吕惠卿以长短形、久近时起论；苏辙则说天地未离形数，其长久盖有量，老子以人所见者言之；吴澄以天地以气生万物而不自生其气；憨山以有我之私者皆不能长久，唯天地长久；魏源以天施地生而不自私其生；王夫之以天地不得不食万物而未尝为之食收束。诸家多不把「长久」看作绝对无限，而是就其无心、无私、不营生立说。" }, { "id": "buzisheng", "name": "以其不自生", "nameTrad": "以其不自生", "question": "「不自生」是不為自己而生嗎？", "questionTrad": "「不自生」是不為自己而生嗎？", "intro": "「不自生」是本章的樞紐，諸家解說可分兩路：一路解作不為自己營生、不自我增益其生；一路解作不自矜其生成之功、不據為己有。河上公以安靜自然、施不求報、不求生故能長生不終；王弼以自生則與物爭、不自生則物歸；成玄英以天地但施生於萬物、不自營己之生；唐玄宗兼採二解，既說資稟於道、不自矜生成之功，又說但生養萬物、不自饒益其生；李榮以天地無心、不自營生，並勸人法天地以無心、不自營厚養；陸希聲以天地生萬物而不自生、聖人養百姓而不自養；呂惠卿以不自生故長生，猶谷神不死；蘇轍以天地生物而不自生、立於萬物之外；吳澄逕說天地以氣生萬物而不自生其氣；憨山以不自私其生；魏源以天施地生而不自私其生；王夫之以天地不得不食萬物而未嘗為之食、胎各有元、荄各有蕾、取資於自有為說。", "introTrad": "「不自生」是本章的樞紐，諸家解說可分兩路：一路解作不為自己營生、不自我增益其生；一路解作不自矜其生成之功、不據為己有。河上公以安靜自然、施不求報、不求生故能長生不終；王弼以自生則與物爭、不自生則物歸；成玄英以天地但施生於萬物、不自營己之生；唐玄宗兼採二解，既說資稟於道、不自矜生成之功，又說但生養萬物、不自饒益其生；李榮以天地無心、不自營生，並勸人法天地以無心、不自營厚養；陸希聲以天地生萬物而不自生、聖人養百姓而不自養；呂惠卿以不自生故長生，猶谷神不死；蘇轍以天地生物而不自生、立於萬物之外；吳澄逕說天地以氣生萬物而不自生其氣；憨山以不自私其生；魏源以天施地生而不自私其生；王夫之以天地不得不食萬物而未嘗為之食、胎各有元、荄各有蕾、取資於自有為說。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "天地安靜自然，施不求報；以其不求生，故能長生不終。", "thesisTrad": "天地安靜自然，施不求報；以其不求生，故能長生不終。", "noteIds": [ "c002", "c003" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "天地安静自然，施不求报；以其不求生，故能长生不终。" }, "wangbi": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "自生則與物爭，不自生則物歸也。", "thesisTrad": "自生則與物爭，不自生則物歸也。", "noteIds": [ "c007" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "自生则与物争，不自生则物归也。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "天地但施生於萬物，不自營己之生，故能長久。", "thesisTrad": "天地但施生於萬物，不自營己之生，故能長久。", "noteIds": [ "c010" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "天地但施生于万物，不自营己之生，故能长久。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "天地資稟於道，不自矜其生成之功；又一解：但生養萬物，不自饒益其生。", "thesisTrad": "天地資稟於道，不自矜其生成之功；又一解：但生養萬物，不自饒益其生。", "noteIds": [ "c014", "c018" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "天地资禀于道，不自矜其生成之功；又一解：但生养万物，不自饶益其生。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "莫不本彼無心，不自營生；人能法天地以無心、不自營厚養，則可長存。", "thesisTrad": "莫不本彼無心，不自營生；人能法天地以無心、不自營厚養，則可長存。", "noteIds": [ "c022" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "莫不本彼无心，不自营生；人能法天地以无心、不自营厚养，则可长存。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "天地生萬物而不自生，聖人養百姓而不自養。", "thesisTrad": "天地生萬物而不自生，聖人養百姓而不自養。", "noteIds": [ "c025" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "天地生万物而不自生，圣人养百姓而不自养。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "不自生故能長生，猶谷神不死；不死則不生，不生者能生生。", "thesisTrad": "不自生故能長生，猶谷神不死；不死則不生，不生者能生生。", "noteIds": [ "c026" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "不自生故能长生，犹谷神不死；不死则不生，不生者能生生。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "天地生物而不自生，立於萬物之外，故能長生。", "thesisTrad": "天地生物而不自生，立於萬物之外，故能長生。", "noteIds": [ "c028" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "天地生物而不自生，立于万物之外，故能长生。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "天地以其氣生萬物，而不自生其氣。", "thesisTrad": "天地以其氣生萬物，而不自生其氣。", "noteIds": [ "c029" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "天地以其气生万物，而不自生其气。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "天地不自私其生，故能長生。", "thesisTrad": "天地不自私其生，故能長生。", "noteIds": [ "c031" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "天地不自私其生，故能长生。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "天施地生而不自私其生，故能長生。", "thesisTrad": "天施地生而不自私其生，故能長生。", "noteIds": [ "c032" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "天施地生而不自私其生，故能长生。" }, "wangfuzhi": { "workType": "衍", "workTypeTrad": "衍", "thesis": "天地不得不食萬物，而未嘗為之食；胎各有元，荄各有蕾，取資於自有。", "thesisTrad": "天地不得不食萬物，而未嘗為之食；胎各有元，荄各有蕾，取資於自有。", "noteIds": [ "c033" ], "workTypeSimp": "衍", "thesisSimp": "天地不得不食万物，而未尝为之食；胎各有元，荄各有蕾，取资于自有。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c002", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公以安靜自然、施不求報說不自生。", "textTrad": "河上公以安靜自然、施不求報說不自生。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公以安静自然、施不求报说不自生。" }, { "noteId": "c007", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "王弼以自生則與物爭、不自生則物歸說之。", "textTrad": "王弼以自生則與物爭、不自生則物歸說之。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "王弼以自生则与物争、不自生则物归说之。" }, { "noteId": "c010", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英以但施生萬物、不自營己生說之。", "textTrad": "成玄英以但施生萬物、不自營己生說之。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英以但施生万物、不自营己生说之。" }, { "noteId": "c014", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "唐玄宗以不自矜生成之功、不自饒益其生說之。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗以不自矜生成之功、不自饒益其生說之。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "唐玄宗以不自矜生成之功、不自饶益其生说之。" }, { "noteId": "c022", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮以天地無心、不自營生，勸人法之。", "textTrad": "李榮以天地無心、不自營生，勸人法之。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣以天地无心、不自营生，劝人法之。" }, { "noteId": "c025", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "陸希聲以天地不自生、聖人不自養對舉。", "textTrad": "陸希聲以天地不自生、聖人不自養對舉。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "陆希声以天地不自生、圣人不自养对举。" }, { "noteId": "c026", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "呂惠卿以不自生故長生，通谷神不死。", "textTrad": "呂惠卿以不自生故長生，通谷神不死。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "吕惠卿以不自生故长生，通谷神不死。" }, { "noteId": "c028", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "蘇轍以生物而不自生、立於物外說長生。", "textTrad": "蘇轍以生物而不自生、立於物外說長生。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "苏辙以生物而不自生、立于物外说长生。" }, { "noteId": "c029", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄以氣生萬物而不自生其氣說之。", "textTrad": "吳澄以氣生萬物而不自生其氣說之。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄以气生万物而不自生其气说之。" }, { "noteId": "c031", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "憨山以不自私其生說天地長生。", "textTrad": "憨山以不自私其生說天地長生。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "憨山以不自私其生说天地长生。" }, { "noteId": "c032", "relation": "本義", "relationTrad": "本義", "text": "魏源以天施地生而不自私其生說之。", "textTrad": "魏源以天施地生而不自私其生說之。", "relationSimp": "本义", "textSimp": "魏源以天施地生而不自私其生说之。" }, { "noteId": "c033", "relation": "衍", "relationTrad": "衍", "text": "王夫之以食萬物而未嘗為之食、取資於自有說之。", "textTrad": "王夫之以食萬物而未嘗為之食、取資於自有說之。", "relationSimp": "衍", "textSimp": "王夫之以食万物而未尝为之食、取资于自有说之。" } ], "nameSimp": "以其不自生", "questionSimp": "「不自生」是不为自己而生吗？", "introSimp": "「不自生」是本章的枢纽，诸家解说可分两路：一路解作不为自己营生、不自我增益其生；一路解作不自矜其生成之功、不据为己有。河上公以安静自然、施不求报、不求生故能长生不终；王弼以自生则与物争、不自生则物归；成玄英以天地但施生于万物、不自营己之生；唐玄宗兼采二解，既说资禀于道、不自矜生成之功，又说但生养万物、不自饶益其生；李荣以天地无心、不自营生，并劝人法天地以无心、不自营厚养；陆希声以天地生万物而不自生、圣人养百姓而不自养；吕惠卿以不自生故长生，犹谷神不死；苏辙以天地生物而不自生、立于万物之外；吴澄迳说天地以气生万物而不自生其气；憨山以不自私其生；魏源以天施地生而不自私其生；王夫之以天地不得不食万物而未尝为之食、胎各有元、荄各有蕾、取资于自有为说。" }, { "id": "houshenwaishen", "name": "後其身而身先外其身而身存", "nameTrad": "後其身而身先外其身而身存", "question": "退後反而居先、忘身反而身存，如何可能？", "questionTrad": "退後反而居先、忘身反而身存，如何可能？", "intro": "由天地轉入聖人：聖人法天地之無私，故後身、外身，而反得身先、身存。河上公以先人後己、薄己厚人為說；王弼以身先身存即無私之效；成玄英以先度物、超三界、隳肢體、得長生分釋；唐玄宗以後身則人樂推、外身則心忘淡泊，並以聖人效天地均養無私為說；嚴遵以卑身尊天、後己安人、逆身順道、外己安人；李榮以謙退居物後而德尊居先、外身而身存自與道合；陸希聲以不敢為天下先、不敢有其身；呂惠卿以緣於不得已而物莫之能止、立於无何有而物莫之能害；蘇轍以後其身而先人、外其身而利人；吳澄以卑賤在下、清靜無為分釋後、外；憨山以不私其身以先人、不愛身以喪道；魏源以處柔處下、寡欲無求；王夫之則以不以身犯準、不以身入中為後、外。諸家皆不把後身外身理解為消極退避，而是無私、無爭、不與物競的積極效果。", "introTrad": "由天地轉入聖人：聖人法天地之無私，故後身、外身，而反得身先、身存。河上公以先人後己、薄己厚人為說；王弼以身先身存即無私之效；成玄英以先度物、超三界、隳肢體、得長生分釋；唐玄宗以後身則人樂推、外身則心忘淡泊，並以聖人效天地均養無私為說；嚴遵以卑身尊天、後己安人、逆身順道、外己安人；李榮以謙退居物後而德尊居先、外身而身存自與道合；陸希聲以不敢為天下先、不敢有其身；呂惠卿以緣於不得已而物莫之能止、立於无何有而物莫之能害；蘇轍以後其身而先人、外其身而利人；吳澄以卑賤在下、清靜無為分釋後、外；憨山以不私其身以先人、不愛身以喪道；魏源以處柔處下、寡欲無求；王夫之則以不以身犯準、不以身入中為後、外。諸家皆不把後身外身理解為消極退避，而是無私、無爭、不與物競的積極效果。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "先人後己，天下敬之；薄己厚人，百姓愛之如父母，故身常存。", "thesisTrad": "先人後己，天下敬之；薄己厚人，百姓愛之如父母，故身常存。", "noteIds": [ "c004", "c005" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "先人后己，天下敬之；薄己厚人，百姓爱之如父母，故身常存。" }, "wangbi": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "無私者無為於身；身先身存，故曰能成其私。", "thesisTrad": "無私者無為於身；身先身存，故曰能成其私。", "noteIds": [ "c008" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "无私者无为于身；身先身存，故曰能成其私。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "謙退居物後而德尊居先；外身隳肢體而得長生。", "thesisTrad": "謙退居物後而德尊居先；外身隳肢體而得長生。", "noteIds": [ "c011" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "谦退居物后而德尊居先；外身隳肢体而得长生。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "後身則人樂推故身先，外身則心忘淡泊故身存；聖人效天地均養無私。", "thesisTrad": "後身則人樂推故身先，外身則心忘淡泊故身存；聖人效天地均養無私。", "noteIds": [ "c015", "c019" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "后身则人乐推故身先，外身则心忘淡泊故身存；圣人效天地均养无私。" }, "yanzun": { "workType": "指歸", "workTypeTrad": "指歸", "thesis": "卑身尊天、後己安人故先人；逆身順道、外己安人故存。", "thesisTrad": "卑身尊天、後己安人故先人；逆身順道、外己安人故存。", "noteIds": [ "c021" ], "workTypeSimp": "指归", "thesisSimp": "卑身尊天、后己安人故先人；逆身顺道、外己安人故存。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "謙退居物後，德尊所以居先；外身而身存，自與道合。", "thesisTrad": "謙退居物後，德尊所以居先；外身而身存，自與道合。", "noteIds": [ "c023" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "谦退居物后，德尊所以居先；外身而身存，自与道合。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "不敢為天下先則樂推不厭，不敢有其身則歿身不殆。", "thesisTrad": "不敢為天下先則樂推不厭，不敢有其身則歿身不殆。", "noteIds": [ "c025" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "不敢为天下先则乐推不厌，不敢有其身则殁身不殆。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "緣於不得已而物莫之能止故身先；立於无何有而物莫之能害故身存。", "thesisTrad": "緣於不得已而物莫之能止故身先；立於无何有而物莫之能害故身存。", "noteIds": [ "c026" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "缘于不得已而物莫之能止故身先；立于无何有而物莫之能害故身存。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "後其身而先人，外其身而利人，處於眾人之表，故能先且存。", "thesisTrad": "後其身而先人，外其身而利人，處於眾人之表，故能先且存。", "noteIds": [ "c028" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "后其身而先人，外其身而利人，处于众人之表，故能先且存。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "後謂卑賤在下不求先人，外謂清靜無為不求益生；聖人非欲成其私而自有身先身存之效。", "thesisTrad": "後謂卑賤在下不求先人，外謂清靜無為不求益生；聖人非欲成其私而自有身先身存之效。", "noteIds": [ "c030" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "后谓卑贱在下不求先人，外谓清静无为不求益生；圣人非欲成其私而自有身先身存之效。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "不私其身以先人，故人樂推；不愛身以喪道，故身死而道存。", "thesisTrad": "不私其身以先人，故人樂推；不愛身以喪道，故身死而道存。", "noteIds": [ "c031" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "不私其身以先人，故人乐推；不爱身以丧道，故身死而道存。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "處柔處下以先人而後其身，人愈貴之；寡欲無求以利人而外其身，人愈不害之。", "thesisTrad": "處柔處下以先人而後其身，人愈貴之；寡欲無求以利人而外其身，人愈不害之。", "noteIds": [ "c032" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "处柔处下以先人而后其身，人愈贵之；寡欲无求以利人而外其身，人愈不害之。" }, "wangfuzhi": { "workType": "衍", "workTypeTrad": "衍", "thesis": "聖人不以身犯準是後之，不以身入中是天外之；食萬物而不恩，食於萬物而萬物不怨。", "thesisTrad": "聖人不以身犯準是後之，不以身入中是天外之；食萬物而不恩，食於萬物而萬物不怨。", "noteIds": [ "c033" ], "workTypeSimp": "衍", "thesisSimp": "圣人不以身犯准是后之，不以身入中是天外之；食万物而不恩，食于万物而万物不怨。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c004", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公以先人後己、薄己厚人，說身先身存。", "textTrad": "河上公以先人後己、薄己厚人，說身先身存。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公以先人后己、薄己厚人，说身先身存。" }, { "noteId": "c008", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "王弼以無私無為於身，說身先身存。", "textTrad": "王弼以無私無為於身，說身先身存。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "王弼以无私无为于身，说身先身存。" }, { "noteId": "c011", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英以先度物、隳肢體，說身先身存。", "textTrad": "成玄英以先度物、隳肢體，說身先身存。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英以先度物、隳肢体，说身先身存。" }, { "noteId": "c015", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "唐玄宗以後身樂推、外身忘淡，說身先身存。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗以後身樂推、外身忘淡，說身先身存。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "唐玄宗以后身乐推、外身忘淡，说身先身存。" }, { "noteId": "c021", "relation": "指歸", "relationTrad": "指歸", "text": "嚴遵以卑身尊天、逆身順道，說先人與存。", "textTrad": "嚴遵以卑身尊天、逆身順道，說先人與存。", "relationSimp": "指归", "textSimp": "严遵以卑身尊天、逆身顺道，说先人与存。" }, { "noteId": "c023", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮以謙退德尊、外身合道，說身先身存。", "textTrad": "李榮以謙退德尊、外身合道，說身先身存。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣以谦退德尊、外身合道，说身先身存。" }, { "noteId": "c025", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "陸希聲以不先、不有其身，說樂推不厭、歿身不殆。", "textTrad": "陸希聲以不先、不有其身，說樂推不厭、歿身不殆。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "陆希声以不先、不有其身，说乐推不厌、殁身不殆。" }, { "noteId": "c026", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "呂惠卿以不得已而物不能止、无何有而物不能害說之。", "textTrad": "呂惠卿以不得已而物不能止、无何有而物不能害說之。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "吕惠卿以不得已而物不能止、无何有而物不能害说之。" }, { "noteId": "c028", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "蘇轍以後身先人、外身利人，說先且存。", "textTrad": "蘇轍以後身先人、外身利人，說先且存。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "苏辙以后身先人、外身利人，说先且存。" }, { "noteId": "c030", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄以卑賤在下、清靜無為，分釋後與外。", "textTrad": "吳澄以卑賤在下、清靜無為，分釋後與外。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄以卑贱在下、清静无为，分释后与外。" }, { "noteId": "c031", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "憨山以不私其身、不愛身以喪道，說樂推與道存。", "textTrad": "憨山以不私其身、不愛身以喪道，說樂推與道存。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "憨山以不私其身、不爱身以丧道，说乐推与道存。" }, { "noteId": "c032", "relation": "本義", "relationTrad": "本義", "text": "魏源以處柔處下、寡欲無求，說人愈貴之、不害之。", "textTrad": "魏源以處柔處下、寡欲無求，說人愈貴之、不害之。", "relationSimp": "本义", "textSimp": "魏源以处柔处下、寡欲无求，说人愈贵之、不害之。" }, { "noteId": "c033", "relation": "衍", "relationTrad": "衍", "text": "王夫之以不犯準、不入中為後外，說食萬物而不恩。", "textTrad": "王夫之以不犯準、不入中為後外，說食萬物而不恩。", "relationSimp": "衍", "textSimp": "王夫之以不犯准、不入中为后外，说食万物而不恩。" } ], "nameSimp": "后其身而身先外其身而身存", "questionSimp": "退后反而居先、忘身反而身存，如何可能？", "introSimp": "由天地转入圣人：圣人法天地之无私，故后身、外身，而反得身先、身存。河上公以先人后己、薄己厚人为说；王弼以身先身存即无私之效；成玄英以先度物、超三界、隳肢体、得长生分释；唐玄宗以后身则人乐推、外身则心忘淡泊，并以圣人效天地均养无私为说；严遵以卑身尊天、后己安人、逆身顺道、外己安人；李荣以谦退居物后而德尊居先、外身而身存自与道合；陆希声以不敢为天下先、不敢有其身；吕惠卿以缘于不得已而物莫之能止、立于无何有而物莫之能害；苏辙以后其身而先人、外其身而利人；吴澄以卑贱在下、清静无为分释后、外；憨山以不私其身以先人、不爱身以丧道；魏源以处柔处下、寡欲无求；王夫之则以不以身犯准、不以身入中为后、外。诸家皆不把后身外身理解为消极退避，而是无私、无争、不与物竞的积极效果。" }, { "id": "wusichengsi", "name": "非以其無私耶故能成其私", "nameTrad": "非以其無私耶故能成其私", "question": "無私為何反而能成其私？", "questionTrad": "無私為何反而能成其私？", "intro": "末二句以反問收束：正因為無私，反而成就了自身。河上公以聖人為人所愛、神明所佑，公正無私而己自厚；王弼以無私者無為於身，身先身存即其效；成玄英別開一解，讀「私」為「尸」，訓「尸」為主，謂聖人觀物我虛幻、後己先人、忘我濟物，故無主而獨成天人之化主；唐玄宗以天地忘生養之功為無私、能長且久為成其私，聖人後外其身亦復如是；李榮以聖人無心無情，欲居物先自然在先、欲得存固自然存固；陸希聲以不私於身而後能有天下；呂惠卿以後身外身則公而無私，無私乃能成其私；蘇轍以無私非以求成私，而私以之成，道則固然；吳澄以聖人非欲成其私而自有身先身存之效，假設眾人有心成其私者言之則為能成其私；憨山以聖人以無私返成其私，世人營營為一身之謀則身死名滅；魏源以後身外身非心之無私邪，身以先且存而成其私，亦理勢之固然；王夫之以食萬物而不恩、食於萬物而萬物不怨，功灌苴鹵、德行曾玄，乃以配天地之長久。諸家都不把「成其私」解作自私自利，而是無私之後自然獲得的結果。", "introTrad": "末二句以反問收束：正因為無私，反而成就了自身。河上公以聖人為人所愛、神明所佑，公正無私而己自厚；王弼以無私者無為於身，身先身存即其效；成玄英別開一解，讀「私」為「尸」，訓「尸」為主，謂聖人觀物我虛幻、後己先人、忘我濟物，故無主而獨成天人之化主；唐玄宗以天地忘生養之功為無私、能長且久為成其私，聖人後外其身亦復如是；李榮以聖人無心無情，欲居物先自然在先、欲得存固自然存固；陸希聲以不私於身而後能有天下；呂惠卿以後身外身則公而無私，無私乃能成其私；蘇轍以無私非以求成私，而私以之成，道則固然；吳澄以聖人非欲成其私而自有身先身存之效，假設眾人有心成其私者言之則為能成其私；憨山以聖人以無私返成其私，世人營營為一身之謀則身死名滅；魏源以後身外身非心之無私邪，身以先且存而成其私，亦理勢之固然；王夫之以食萬物而不恩、食於萬物而萬物不怨，功灌苴鹵、德行曾玄，乃以配天地之長久。諸家都不把「成其私」解作自私自利，而是無私之後自然獲得的結果。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "聖人為人所愛、神明所佑，公正無私而己自厚，故能成其私。", "thesisTrad": "聖人為人所愛、神明所佑，公正無私而己自厚，故能成其私。", "noteIds": [ "c006" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "圣人为人所爱、神明所佑，公正无私而己自厚，故能成其私。" }, "wangbi": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "無私者無為於身；身先身存，故曰能成其私。", "thesisTrad": "無私者無為於身；身先身存，故曰能成其私。", "noteIds": [ "c008" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "无私者无为于身；身先身存，故曰能成其私。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "聖人觀物我虛幻，後己先人、忘我濟物，故無主；德合二儀，獨成天人之化主。", "thesisTrad": "聖人觀物我虛幻，後己先人、忘我濟物，故無主；德合二儀，獨成天人之化主。", "noteIds": [ "c012" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "圣人观物我虚幻，后己先人、忘我济物，故无主；德合二仪，独成天人之化主。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "天地忘生養之功是無私而能長久，聖人後外其身是無私而能先存，是成其私。", "thesisTrad": "天地忘生養之功是無私而能長久，聖人後外其身是無私而能先存，是成其私。", "noteIds": [ "c016", "c020" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "天地忘生养之功是无私而能长久，圣人后外其身是无私而能先存，是成其私。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "聖人無心欲居物先自然在先，無情欲得存固自然存固，故曰成其私。", "thesisTrad": "聖人無心欲居物先自然在先，無情欲得存固自然存固，故曰成其私。", "noteIds": [ "c024" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "圣人无心欲居物先自然在先，无情欲得存固自然存固，故曰成其私。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "不私於身而後能有天下。", "thesisTrad": "不私於身而後能有天下。", "noteIds": [ "c025" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "不私于身而后能有天下。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "後其身、外其身則公而無私，無私乃能成其私。", "thesisTrad": "後其身、外其身則公而無私，無私乃能成其私。", "noteIds": [ "c026" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "后其身、外其身则公而无私，无私乃能成其私。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "彼其無私非以求成私也，而私以之成，道則固然。", "thesisTrad": "彼其無私非以求成私也，而私以之成，道則固然。", "noteIds": [ "c028" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "彼其无私非以求成私也，而私以之成，道则固然。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "聖人非欲成其私，而自有身先身存之效；假設眾人有心成其私者言之，則為能成其私。", "thesisTrad": "聖人非欲成其私，而自有身先身存之效；假設眾人有心成其私者言之，則為能成其私。", "noteIds": [ "c030" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "圣人非欲成其私，而自有身先身存之效；假设众人有心成其私者言之，则为能成其私。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "聖人以無私而返成其私；世人營營為一身之謀，身死名滅，雖私不能成其私。", "thesisTrad": "聖人以無私而返成其私；世人營營為一身之謀，身死名滅，雖私不能成其私。", "noteIds": [ "c031" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "圣人以无私而返成其私；世人营营为一身之谋，身死名灭，虽私不能成其私。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "後身外身非心之無私邪？身以先且存而成其私，亦理勢之固然。", "thesisTrad": "後身外身非心之無私邪？身以先且存而成其私，亦理勢之固然。", "noteIds": [ "c032" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "后身外身非心之无私邪？身以先且存而成其私，亦理势之固然。" }, "wangfuzhi": { "workType": "衍", "workTypeTrad": "衍", "thesis": "食萬物而不恩，食於萬物而萬物不怨；無所施功而功灌，無所期穗而德行，乃以配天地之長久。", "thesisTrad": "食萬物而不恩，食於萬物而萬物不怨；無所施功而功灌，無所期穗而德行，乃以配天地之長久。", "noteIds": [ "c033" ], "workTypeSimp": "衍", "thesisSimp": "食万物而不恩，食于万物而万物不怨；无所施功而功灌，无所期穗而德行，乃以配天地之长久。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c006", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公以公正無私、己自厚，說成其私。", "textTrad": "河上公以公正無私、己自厚，說成其私。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公以公正无私、己自厚，说成其私。" }, { "noteId": "c008", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "王弼以無私無為於身、身先身存，說成其私。", "textTrad": "王弼以無私無為於身、身先身存，說成其私。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "王弼以无私无为于身、身先身存，说成其私。" }, { "noteId": "c012", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英讀私為尸，以無主而成化主說之。", "textTrad": "成玄英讀私為尸，以無主而成化主說之。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英读私为尸，以无主而成化主说之。" }, { "noteId": "c016", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "唐玄宗以忘生養之功、能先能存，說成其私。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗以忘生養之功、能先能存，說成其私。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "唐玄宗以忘生养之功、能先能存，说成其私。" }, { "noteId": "c024", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮以無心無情、自然先存，說成其私。", "textTrad": "李榮以無心無情、自然先存，說成其私。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣以无心无情、自然先存，说成其私。" }, { "noteId": "c025", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "陸希聲以不私於身而後能有天下說之。", "textTrad": "陸希聲以不私於身而後能有天下說之。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "陆希声以不私于身而后能有天下说之。" }, { "noteId": "c026", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "呂惠卿以公而無私乃能成其私說之。", "textTrad": "呂惠卿以公而無私乃能成其私說之。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "吕惠卿以公而无私乃能成其私说之。" }, { "noteId": "c028", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "蘇轍以無私非求、私以之成，說道固然。", "textTrad": "蘇轍以無私非求、私以之成，說道固然。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "苏辙以无私非求、私以之成，说道固然。" }, { "noteId": "c030", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄以非欲成私而自有其效說之。", "textTrad": "吳澄以非欲成私而自有其效說之。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄以非欲成私而自有其效说之。" }, { "noteId": "c031", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "憨山以無私返成其私、營私者反不能成說之。", "textTrad": "憨山以無私返成其私、營私者反不能成說之。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "憨山以无私返成其私、营私者反不能成说之。" }, { "noteId": "c032", "relation": "本義", "relationTrad": "本義", "text": "魏源以理勢之固然，說無私而成其私。", "textTrad": "魏源以理勢之固然，說無私而成其私。", "relationSimp": "本义", "textSimp": "魏源以理势之固然，说无私而成其私。" }, { "noteId": "c033", "relation": "衍", "relationTrad": "衍", "text": "王夫之以不恩不怨、功灌德行，說配天地長久。", "textTrad": "王夫之以不恩不怨、功灌德行，說配天地長久。", "relationSimp": "衍", "textSimp": "王夫之以不恩不怨、功灌德行，说配天地长久。" } ], "nameSimp": "非以其无私耶故能成其私", "questionSimp": "无私为何反而能成其私？", "introSimp": "末二句以反问收束：正因为无私，反而成就了自身。河上公以圣人为人所爱、神明所佑，公正无私而己自厚；王弼以无私者无为于身，身先身存即其效；成玄英别开一解，读「私」为「尸」，训「尸」为主，谓圣人观物我虚幻、后己先人、忘我济物，故无主而独成天人之化主；唐玄宗以天地忘生养之功为无私、能长且久为成其私，圣人后外其身亦复如是；李荣以圣人无心无情，欲居物先自然在先、欲得存固自然存固；陆希声以不私于身而后能有天下；吕惠卿以后身外身则公而无私，无私乃能成其私；苏辙以无私非以求成私，而私以之成，道则固然；吴澄以圣人非欲成其私而自有身先身存之效，假设众人有心成其私者言之则为能成其私；憨山以圣人以无私返成其私，世人营营为一身之谋则身死名灭；魏源以后身外身非心之无私邪，身以先且存而成其私，亦理势之固然；王夫之以食万物而不恩、食于万物而万物不怨，功灌苴卤、德行曾玄，乃以配天地之长久。诸家都不把「成其私」解作自私自利，而是无私之后自然获得的结果。" } ], "requiredSources": [ "heshanggong", "chengxuanying", "tangxuanzong" ] }, "schema": "librebook.chapter/1", "generatedAt": "2026-10-30T11:41:46.840Z", "keyPrefix": "laozi-07", "idRules": { "chapter": "章节目录名（slug），如 01；URL 为 /laozi/01/。", "sentence": "章内局部编号 sNNN，全篇引用使用 laozi-01:sNNN；页面锚点继续使用 #sNNN。", "commentary": "章内注号 cNNN，字词注 nNNN，校记 kNNN；编号在章内稳定，跨章引用时加章节前缀。", "paragraph": "章内段落号 pNNN，与 sentence.paragraph 对应。" }, "book": { "id": "laozi", "slug": "laozi", "title": "老子", "titleSimp": "老子", "author": "老聃", "authorSimp": "老聃", "era": "春秋", "eraSimp": "春秋", "editor": "河上公、王弼等", "editorSimp": "河上公、王弼等", "edition": "王弼《老子注》", "editionSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "baseLabel": "王弼《老子注》", "baseLabelSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "separationLabel": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英義疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、嚴遵指歸、李榮注、陸希聲傳、呂惠卿傳、蘇轍老子解、吳澄道德真經注、憨山道德經解、魏源老子本義、俞樾平議、王夫之老子衍十四家", "separationLabelSimp": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英义疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、严遵指归、李荣注、陆希声传、吕惠卿传、苏辙老子解、吴澄道德真经注、憨山道德经解、魏源老子本义、俞樾平议、王夫之老子衍十四家", "intro": "《老子》八十一章，分道經、德經。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》為底本，逐章整理正文、舊注、今譯與校記；第一至八十一章已上線，全帙完竣。", "introSimp": "《老子》八十一章，分道经、德经。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》为底本，逐章整理正文、旧注、今译与校记；第一至八十一章已上线，全帙完竣。" }, "volume": { "id": "daojing", "order": 1, "title": "道經", "titleSimp": "道经" }, "chapter": { "id": "laozi-07", "slug": "07", "order": 7, "title": "第七章", "titleSimp": "第七章", "status": "published", "revision": "初校", "review": "待复核", "updated": "2026-10-29", "summary": "以「天長地久」起筆，謂天地不自生故能長生；轉言聖人後其身而身先、外其身而身存，末以「非以其無私耶？故能成其私」點明無私成私之旨；附河上公、王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、嚴遵、李榮、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之十三家注疏，成玄英讀「私」為「尸」一說並見校記。", "summarySimp": "以「天长地久」起笔，谓天地不自生故能长生；转言圣人后其身而身先、外其身而身存，末以「非以其无私耶？故能成其私」点明无私成私之旨；附河上公、王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、严遵、李荣、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之十三家注疏，成玄英读「私」为「尸」一说并见校记。", "dataFile": "data/chapters/laozi-07.json", "relationsFile": "data/commentary-relations-laozi-07.json", "url": "/laozi/07/", "orderLabel": "第七", "volumeId": "daojing", "part": "道經", "partSimp": "道经" }, "paragraphs": [ { "id": "p001", "no": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001", "s002" ], "count": 2 }, { "id": "p002", "no": 2, "sentenceIds": [ "s003", "s004", "s005" ], "count": 3 } ], "coverage": { "sentences": 5, "paragraphs": 2, "notes": { "covered": 5, "total": 5, "percent": 100 }, "charNotes": { "covered": 5, "total": 5, "percent": 100 }, "collations": { "covered": 4, "total": 5, "percent": 80, "count": 5 }, "translations": { "covered": 5, "total": 5, "percent": 100 } } }