{ "meta": { "book": { "id": "laozi", "title": "老子", "titleSimp": "老子", "author": "老聃", "authorSimp": "老聃", "era": "春秋", "eraSimp": "春秋", "editor": "河上公、王弼等", "editorSimp": "河上公、王弼等", "edition": "王弼《老子注》", "editionSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "slug": "laozi", "baseLabel": "王弼《老子注》", "baseLabelSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "separationLabel": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英義疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、嚴遵指歸、李榮注、陸希聲傳、呂惠卿傳、蘇轍老子解、吳澄道德真經注、憨山道德經解、魏源老子本義、俞樾平議、王夫之老子衍十四家", "separationLabelSimp": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英义疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、严遵指归、李荣注、陆希声传、吕惠卿传、苏辙老子解、吴澄道德真经注、憨山道德经解、魏源老子本义、俞樾平议、王夫之老子衍十四家", "intro": "《老子》八十一章，分道經、德經。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》為底本，逐章整理正文、舊注、今譯與校記；第一至八十一章已上線，全帙完竣。", "introSimp": "《老子》八十一章，分道经、德经。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》为底本，逐章整理正文、旧注、今译与校记；第一至八十一章已上线，全帙完竣。" }, "chapter": { "id": "laozi-09", "no": 9, "part": "道經", "partSimp": "道经", "title": "第九章", "titleSimp": "第九章", "intro": "《老子》第九章，河上公題「運夷」，唐玄宗題「持而盈之章」。全章五句：首言持盈不如其已，次言揣銳不可長保，次言金玉滿堂莫之能守，次言富貴而驕自遺其咎，末以「功遂身退，天之道」結之。本站以王弼《老子注》為底本，分列河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英義疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、嚴遵指歸、李榮注、陸希聲傳、呂惠卿傳、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》與王夫之《老子衍》，並附編者今譯。諸家多以持盈、揣銳為戒，而歸於功成身退；嚴遵指歸於末句無專文。分章則河上公、通行王弼本以此章為第九章，吳澄、魏源因合「谷神不死」於上章，以此章為第八章。", "introSimp": "《老子》第九章，河上公题「运夷」，唐玄宗题「持而盈之章」。全章五句：首言持盈不如其已，次言揣锐不可长保，次言金玉满堂莫之能守，次言富贵而骄自遗其咎，末以「功遂身退，天之道」结之。本站以王弼《老子注》为底本，分列河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英义疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、严遵指归、李荣注、陆希声传、吕惠卿传、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》与王夫之《老子衍》，并附编者今译。诸家多以持盈、揣锐为戒，而归于功成身退；严遵指归于末句无专文。分章则河上公、通行王弼本以此章为第九章，吴澄、魏源因合「谷神不死」于上章，以此章为第八章。", "guide": "點擊任一句可展開句注；點擊字詞可看本句訓釋；按「諸家並觀」可將同一句的十三家舊注並列對讀。", "guideSimp": "点击任一句可展开句注；点击字词可看本句训释；按「诸家并观」可将同一句的十三家旧注并列对读。", "slug": "09", "order": 9, "status": "published", "revision": "初校", "review": "待复核", "updated": "2026-10-29", "summary": "以「持而盈之，不如其已」開篇，次戒「揣而銳之，不可長保」，轉言金玉滿堂莫之能守、富貴而驕自遺其咎，末以「功遂身退，天之道」收束；附河上公、王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、嚴遵、李榮、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之十三家注疏，王弼本作「揣而銳之」「功遂身退」，蘇轍本作「不如長保」、魏源本作「金玉滿室」，異文並見校記。", "summarySimp": "以「持而盈之，不如其已」开篇，次戒「揣而锐之，不可长保」，转言金玉满堂莫之能守、富贵而骄自遗其咎，末以「功遂身退，天之道」收束；附河上公、王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、严遵、李荣、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之十三家注疏，王弼本作「揣而锐之」「功遂身退」，苏辙本作「不如长保」、魏源本作「金玉满室」，异文并见校记。", "dataFile": "data/chapters/laozi-09.json", "relationsFile": "data/commentary-relations-laozi-09.json", "url": "/laozi/09/", "volumeId": "daojing", "volumeTitle": "道經", "volumeTitleSimp": "道经", "orderLabel": "第九" }, "edition": { "base": "王弼《老子注》", "baseEdition": "王弼《老子注》通行本", "separation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、嚴遵《道德真經指歸》、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德真經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》、王夫之《老子衍》諸本對校；陸希聲、呂惠卿二家據《道藏》本，參焦竑《老子翼》所輯", "punctuation": "數字轉錄所附現代標點，本站僅作閱讀輔助，尚未逐字復核原刻", "digital": "中華典藏網、識典古籍、大道家園公開轉錄、Kanripo 漢籍全文資料庫（僅作文字底本）", "caution": "《玄德纂疏》數字本訛字較多，河上公、王弼、唐玄宗御注御疏、蘇轍、吳澄、李榮、陸希聲、呂惠卿別取專本；成玄英疏、嚴遵文字經人工校正。李榮《道德真經注》道藏本卷一止於第六章，本章據《玄德纂疏》所引輯錄，並以 OCR 本校讀；憨山、魏源、王夫之據公開轉錄本校讀。王弼注數字底本「當貴而驕」為「富貴而驕」之訛，據注文及諸本校正；蘇轍本「不可長保」作「不如長保」，魏源本「金玉滿堂」作「金玉滿室」，並見校記。", "baseSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "baseEditionSimp": "王弼《老子注》通行本", "separationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、严遵《道德真经指归》、李荣《道德真经注》、陆希声《道德真经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》、王夫之《老子衍》诸本对校；陆希声、吕惠卿二家据《道藏》本，参焦竑《老子翼》所辑", "punctuationSimp": "数字转录所附现代标点，本站仅作阅读辅助，尚未逐字复核原刻", "digitalSimp": "中华典藏网、识典古籍、大道家园公开转录、Kanripo 汉籍全文资料库（仅作文字底本）", "cautionSimp": "《玄德纂疏》数字本讹字较多，河上公、王弼、唐玄宗御注御疏、苏辙、吴澄、李荣、陆希声、吕惠卿别取专本；成玄英疏、严遵文字经人工校正。李荣《道德真经注》道藏本卷一止于第六章，本章据《玄德纂疏》所引辑录，并以 OCR 本校读；憨山、魏源、王夫之据公开转录本校读。王弼注数字底本「当贵而骄」为「富贵而骄」之讹，据注文及诸本校正；苏辙本「不可长保」作「不如长保」，魏源本「金玉满堂」作「金玉满室」，并见校记。" }, "license": { "historical": "公有領域", "translation": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "code": "MIT" }, "stats": { "sentences": 5, "commentaries": 43, "charNotes": 7, "collations": 6 } }, "sources": [ { "id": "heshanggong", "name": "河上公章句", "short": "河上公", "author": "河上公", "work": "老子道德經章句", "era": "漢", "years": "傳漢文帝時", "color": "#a3542c", "desc": "分章句解，兼重治身與治國；此章題「運夷」，逐句以持滿必傾、財多累身、富貴驕恣必被禍害為說，末以日中則移、月滿則虧結之。", "count": 5, "nameSimp": "河上公章句", "workSimp": "老子道德经章句", "authorSimp": "河上公", "eraSimp": "汉", 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"workSimp": "道德真经注", "authorSimp": "李荣", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "生卒不详", "descSimp": "唐初道士，以重玄遣执解《老》；此章以欹器满而必倾、尊则议而廉则挫为说，末以阴阳递代、贪荣不退必致危亡。", "shortSimp": "李注" }, { "id": "luxisheng", "name": "陸希聲傳", "short": "陸傳", "author": "陸希聲", "work": "道德經傳", "era": "唐", "years": "？–895", "color": "#6a5a7a", "desc": "以情性說《老》；此章總釋持盈、揣銳、滿堂、富貴四戒，歸於功成不居、名遂不留、退身讓位。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "陆希声传", "workSimp": "道德经传", "authorSimp": "陆希声", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "？–895", "descSimp": "以情性说《老》；此章总释持盈、揣锐、满堂、富贵四戒，归于功成不居、名遂不留、退身让位。", "shortSimp": "陆传" }, { "id": "lvhuiqing", "name": "呂惠卿傳", "short": "呂傳", "author": "呂惠卿", "work": "道德真經傳", "era": "北宋", "years": "1032–1111", "color": "#7a6a4a", "desc": "北宋新學一系；此章以持所以防溢、揣所以慮失，謂滿而不溢所以長守富、高而不危所以長守貴，歸於法天之道。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "吕惠卿传", "workSimp": "道德真经传", "authorSimp": "吕惠卿", "eraSimp": "北宋", "yearsSimp": "1032–1111", "descSimp": "北宋新学一系；此章以持所以防溢、揣所以虑失，谓满而不溢所以长守富、高而不危所以长守贵，归于法天之道。", "shortSimp": "吕传" }, { "id": "suzhe", "name": "蘇轍老子解", "short": "蘇解", "author": "蘇轍", "work": "老子解", "era": "北宋", "years": "1039–1112", "color": "#4a6a6a", "desc": "以形名言道；此章以知盈必溢、知銳必折為說，謂聖人有而不有、循理而行，末以日中則移、月滿則虧、功成者去結之。", "count": 2, "nameSimp": "苏辙老子解", "workSimp": "老子解", "authorSimp": "苏辙", "eraSimp": "北宋", "yearsSimp": "1039–1112", "descSimp": "以形名言道；此章以知盈必溢、知锐必折为说，谓圣人有而不有、循理而行，末以日中则移、月满则亏、功成者去结之。", "shortSimp": "苏解" }, { "id": "wucheng", "name": "吳澄道德真經注", "short": "吳注", "author": "吳澄", "work": "道德真經注", "era": "元", "years": "1249–1333", "color": "#5a6a3a", "desc": "元代朱學大家；此章以持奉、已止、揣捶為訓，謂道不欲盈、以銳為比，末以富貴驕盈則不能保、身退不盈則長保富貴。", "count": 2, "nameSimp": "吴澄道德真经注", "workSimp": "道德真经注", "authorSimp": "吴澄", "eraSimp": "元", "yearsSimp": "1249–1333", "descSimp": "元代朱学大家；此章以持奉、已止、揣捶为训，谓道不欲盈、以锐为比，末以富贵骄盈则不能保、身退不盈则长保富贵。", "shortSimp": "吴注" }, { "id": "hanshan", "name": "憨山道德經解", "short": "憨山", "author": "釋德清", "work": "道德經解", "era": "明", "years": "1546–1623", "color": "#705a4a", "desc": "晚明高僧；此章以知進不知退者之害為說，舉李斯、蘇張為驗，末以天道惡盈好謙、成功者退。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "憨山道德经解", "workSimp": "道德经解", "authorSimp": "释德清", "eraSimp": "明", "yearsSimp": "1546–1623", "descSimp": "晚明高僧；此章以知进不知退者之害为说，举李斯、苏张为验，末以天道恶盈好谦、成功者退。", "shortSimp": "憨山" }, { "id": "weiyuan", "name": "魏源老子本義", "short": "魏本義", "author": "魏源", "work": "老子本義", "era": "清", "years": "1794–1857", "color": "#3d5a6a", "desc": "清代今文經學家；此章以盈而持、銳而揣為說，謂滿而不溢、高而不危，歸於法天之道、功成名遂身退。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "魏源老子本义", "workSimp": "老子本义", "authorSimp": "魏源", "eraSimp": "清", "yearsSimp": "1794–1857", "descSimp": "清代今文经学家；此章以盈而持、锐而揣为说，谓满而不溢、高而不危，归于法天之道、功成名遂身退。", "shortSimp": "魏本义" }, { "id": "wangfuzhi", "name": "船山衍", "short": "船山", "author": "王夫之", "work": "老子衍", "era": "清", "years": "1619–1692", "color": "#3f5d52", "desc": "以「兩端生於一致」解《老》；此章以谷善盈、水善銳為喻，謂方盈方虛、方銳方鈍，跡、機、神三層遞進。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "船山衍", "workSimp": "老子衍", "authorSimp": "王夫之", "eraSimp": "清", "yearsSimp": "1619–1692", "descSimp": "以「两端生于一致」解《老》；此章以谷善盈、水善锐为喻，谓方盈方虚、方锐方钝，迹、机、神三层递进。", "shortSimp": "船山" }, { "id": "translator", "name": "本站今譯", "short": "今譯", "author": "LibreBook 編者", "work": "今譯", "era": "當代", "years": "", "color": "#8a8a8a", "desc": "編者據舊注與上下文所作語體今譯，供閱讀參照。", "count": 5, "nameSimp": "本站今译", "workSimp": "今译", "authorSimp": "LibreBook 编者", "eraSimp": "当代", "yearsSimp": "", "descSimp": "编者据旧注与上下文所作语体今译，供阅读参照。", "shortSimp": "今译" } ], "sentences": [ { "id": "s001", "paragraph": 1, "text": "持而盈之，不如其已。", "textSimp": "持而盈之，不如其已。", "translation": "执持盈满，不如及早停止。", "translationTrad": "執持盈滿，不如及早停止。", "noteIds": [ "c001", "c006", "c011", "c016", "c021", "c026", "c030", "c035", "c036", "c037", "c039", "c041", "c042", "c043" ], "noteCount": 14, "charNoteIds": [ "n001", "n002" ], "key": "laozi-09:s001", "n": 1 }, { "id": "s002", "paragraph": 1, "text": "揣而銳之，不可長保。", "textSimp": "揣而锐之，不可长保。", "translation": "捶磨使之尖锐，不能长久保持。", "translationTrad": "捶磨使之尖銳，不能長久保持。", "noteIds": [ "c002", "c007", "c012", "c017", "c022", "c027", "c031", "c035", "c036", "c037", "c039", "c041", "c042", "c043" ], "noteCount": 14, "charNoteIds": [ "n003" ], "key": "laozi-09:s002", "n": 2 }, { "id": "s003", "paragraph": 1, "text": "金玉滿堂，莫之能守。", "textSimp": "金玉满堂，莫之能守。", "translation": "金玉堆满厅堂，没有人能长久守住。", "translationTrad": "金玉堆滿廳堂，沒有人能長久守住。", "noteIds": [ "c003", "c008", "c013", "c018", "c023", "c028", "c032", "c035", "c036", "c038", "c040", "c041", "c042", "c043" ], "noteCount": 14, "charNoteIds": [ "n004" ], "key": "laozi-09:s003", "n": 3 }, { "id": "s004", "paragraph": 1, "text": "富貴而驕，自遺其咎。", "textSimp": "富贵而骄，自遗其咎。", "translation": "富贵而骄纵，是自己招来祸咎。", "translationTrad": "富貴而驕縱，是自己招來禍咎。", "noteIds": [ "c004", "c009", "c014", "c019", "c024", "c029", "c033", "c035", "c036", "c038", "c040", "c041", "c042", "c043" ], "noteCount": 14, "charNoteIds": [ "n005" ], "key": "laozi-09:s004", "n": 4 }, { "id": "s005", "paragraph": 1, "text": "功遂身退，天之道。", "textSimp": "功遂身退，天之道。", "translation": "功业成就便抽身退隐，这才是自然的常道。", "translationTrad": "功業成就便抽身退隱，這才是自然的常道。", "noteIds": [ "c005", "c010", "c015", "c020", "c025", "c034", "c035", "c036", "c038", "c040", "c041", "c042", "c043" ], "noteCount": 13, "charNoteIds": [ "n006", "n007" ], "key": "laozi-09:s005", "n": 5 } ], "commentaries": [ { "id": "c001", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "持而盈之，不如其已", "kind": "note", "text": "盈，滿也。已，止也。持滿必傾，不如止也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "textSimp": "盈，满也。已，止也。持满必倾，不如止也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》", "lemmaSimp": "持而盈之，不如其已" }, { "id": "c002", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "揣而銳之", "kind": "note", "text": "揣，治也。先揣之，後必棄捐。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "textSimp": "揣，治也。先揣之，后必弃捐。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》", "lemmaSimp": "揣而锐之" }, { "id": "c003", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "金玉滿堂", "kind": "note", "text": "嗜欲傷神，財多累身。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "textSimp": "嗜欲伤神，财多累身。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》", "lemmaSimp": "金玉满堂" }, { "id": "c004", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "富貴而驕，自遺其咎", "kind": "note", "text": "夫富當賑貧，貴當憐賤，而反自驕恣，必被禍害。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "textSimp": "夫富当赈贫，贵当怜贱，而反自骄恣，必被祸害。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》", "lemmaSimp": "富贵而骄，自遗其咎" }, { "id": "c005", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "功遂身退，天之道", "kind": "note", "text": "言人所為，功成事立，名跡稱遂，不退身避位，則遇於害，此乃天之常道也。譬如日中則移，月滿則虧，物盛則衰，樂極則哀。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "textSimp": "言人所为，功成事立，名迹称遂，不退身避位，则遇于害，此乃天之常道也。譬如日中则移，月满则亏，物盛则衰，乐极则哀。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》", "lemmaSimp": "功遂身退，天之道" }, { "id": "c006", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "持而盈之，不如其已", "kind": "note", "text": "持謂不失德也。既不失其德，又盈之，勢必傾危，故不如其已者，謂乃更不如無德無功者也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》", "textSimp": "持谓不失德也。既不失其德，又盈之，势必倾危，故不如其已者，谓乃更不如无德无功者也。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》", "lemmaSimp": "持而盈之，不如其已" }, { "id": "c007", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "揣而銳之，不可長保", "kind": "note", "text": "既揣末令尖，又銳之令利，勢必摧衄，故不可長保也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》", "textSimp": "既揣末令尖，又锐之令利，势必摧衄，故不可长保也。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》", "lemmaSimp": "揣而锐之，不可长保" }, { "id": "c008", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "金玉滿堂，莫之能守", "kind": "note", "text": "不若其已。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》", "textSimp": "不若其已。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》", "lemmaSimp": "金玉满堂，莫之能守" }, { "id": "c009", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "富貴而驕，自遺其咎", "kind": "note", "text": "不可長保也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》", "textSimp": "不可长保也。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》", "lemmaSimp": "富贵而骄，自遗其咎" }, { "id": "c010", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "功遂身退，天之道", "kind": "note", "text": "四時更運，功成則移。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》", "textSimp": "四时更运，功成则移。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》", "lemmaSimp": "功遂身退，天之道" }, { "id": "c011", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "持而盈之，不如其已", "kind": "note", "text": "持，執也；盈，滿也；已，止也。言不能靜退謙虛，恆欲執求盈滿，誇矜我大，意在凌人，必致傾危，不如止而勿行也。故《莊子》云：卮滿則傾危。又《書》云：滿招損，謙受益。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》", "textSimp": "持，执也；盈，满也；已，止也。言不能静退谦虚，恒欲执求盈满，夸矜我大，意在凌人，必致倾危，不如止而勿行也。故《庄子》云：卮满则倾危。又《书》云：满招损，谦受益。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》", "lemmaSimp": "持而盈之，不如其已" }, { "id": "c012", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "揣而銳之，不可長保", "kind": "note", "text": "揣，磨也。銳，利也。夫揣劍磨刀，雖利必損，況勵己陵物，寧不困乎。又揣磨心智，唯欲貪求，其為傷害，甚於戈戟，物皆我讎，故不可長保。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》", "textSimp": "揣，磨也。锐，利也。夫揣剑磨刀，虽利必损，况励己陵物，宁不困乎。又揣磨心智，唯欲贪求，其为伤害，甚于戈戟，物皆我雠，故不可长保。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》", "lemmaSimp": "揣而锐之，不可长保" }, { "id": "c013", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "金玉滿堂，莫之能守", "kind": "note", "text": "欲甚神倦，財富形勞，身心既困，莫能守也。又積不能散，必招巨盜，內懷憂戚，外周棲疏，身死財泮，故莫之能守。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》", "textSimp": "欲甚神倦，财富形劳，身心既困，莫能守也。又积不能散，必招巨盗，内怀忧戚，外周栖疏，身死财泮，故莫之能守。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》", "lemmaSimp": "金玉满堂，莫之能守" }, { "id": "c014", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "富貴而驕，自遺其咎", "kind": "note", "text": "咎，釁也。遺，與也。夫處富貴應須濟物，不能謙遜，反更驕盈，自致危亡，豈關他與。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》", "textSimp": "咎，衅也。遗，与也。夫处富贵应须济物，不能谦逊，反更骄盈，自致危亡，岂关他与。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》", "lemmaSimp": "富贵而骄，自遗其咎" }, { "id": "c015", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "功遂身退，天之道", "kind": "note", "text": "天者自然之謂也。夫日中則昃，月滿則虧，虧必盈，極則反，數其然也。所以佐世之功成，富貴之名遂者，必須守分知足，謙柔靜退，處不競之地，遠害全身，能如是者，深合天真之道也。功成名遂者，謂退身隱行，行自然也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》", "textSimp": "天者自然之谓也。夫日中则昃，月满则亏，亏必盈，极则反，数其然也。所以佐世之功成，富贵之名遂者，必须守分知足，谦柔静退，处不竞之地，远害全身，能如是者，深合天真之道也。功成名遂者，谓退身隐行，行自然也。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》", "lemmaSimp": "功遂身退，天之道" }, { "id": "c016", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "持而盈之，不如其已", "kind": "note", "text": "執持盈滿，使不傾失，積財為累，悔吝必生，故不如其已。已，止也。", "authorNote": "御注", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "textSimp": "执持盈满，使不倾失，积财为累，悔吝必生，故不如其已。已，止也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（御注）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》", "authorNoteSimp": "御注", "lemmaSimp": "持而盈之，不如其已" }, { "id": "c017", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "揣而銳之，不可長保", "kind": "note", "text": "揣度銳利，進取榮名，富貴必驕，坐招殃咎，故不可長保也。", "authorNote": "御注", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "textSimp": "揣度锐利，进取荣名，富贵必骄，坐招殃咎，故不可长保也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（御注）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》", "authorNoteSimp": "御注", "lemmaSimp": "揣而锐之，不可长保" }, { "id": "c018", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "金玉滿堂，莫之能守", "kind": "note", "text": "此明盈難久持也。", "authorNote": "御注", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "textSimp": "此明盈难久持也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（御注）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》", "authorNoteSimp": "御注", "lemmaSimp": "金玉满堂，莫之能守" }, { "id": "c019", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "富貴而驕，自遺其咎", "kind": "note", "text": "此明銳不可揣也。驕猶心生，故咎非他與。", "authorNote": "御注", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "textSimp": "此明锐不可揣也。骄犹心生，故咎非他与。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（御注）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》", "authorNoteSimp": "御注", "lemmaSimp": "富贵而骄，自遗其咎" }, { "id": "c020", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "功遂身退，天之道", "kind": "note", "text": "功成名遂者，當退身以辭盛，亦如天道虛盈有時，則無憂患矣。", "authorNote": "御注", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "textSimp": "功成名遂者，当退身以辞盛，亦如天道虚盈有时，则无忧患矣。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（御注）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》", "authorNoteSimp": "御注", "lemmaSimp": "功遂身退，天之道" }, { "id": "c021", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "持而盈之，不如其已", "kind": "note", "text": "持，執也。盈，滿也。已，止也。言人心貪愛欲，求取無厭，執守保持，使令盈滿，積財為累，悔吝必生，故聖人戒云：不如休止。", "authorNote": "御疏", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "textSimp": "持，执也。盈，满也。已，止也。言人心贪爱欲，求取无厌，执守保持，使令盈满，积财为累，悔吝必生，故圣人戒云：不如休止。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（御疏）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》", "authorNoteSimp": "御疏", "lemmaSimp": "持而盈之，不如其已" }, { "id": "c022", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "揣而銳之，不可長保", "kind": "note", "text": "揣，量度也。銳，銛利也。凡情滯溺，貪求榮利，故揣量前事，銛利欲心，鬼瞰人怨，坐招殃咎，故曰不可長保也。", "authorNote": "御疏", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "textSimp": "揣，量度也。锐，铦利也。凡情滞溺，贪求荣利，故揣量前事，铦利欲心，鬼瞰人怨，坐招殃咎，故曰不可长保也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（御疏）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》", "authorNoteSimp": "御疏", "lemmaSimp": "揣而锐之，不可长保" }, { "id": "c023", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "金玉滿堂，莫之能守", "kind": "note", "text": "假使貪求不已，適令金玉滿堂，象既有齒而焚身，雞故畏犧而斷尾，且失不貪之寶，坐貽致寇之憂，其以賈害，豈云能守？此覆釋持盈也。", "authorNote": "御疏", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "textSimp": "假使贪求不已，适令金玉满堂，象既有齿而焚身，鸡故畏牺而断尾，且失不贪之宝，坐贻致寇之忧，其以贾害，岂云能守？此覆释持盈也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（御疏）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》", "authorNoteSimp": "御疏", "lemmaSimp": "金玉满堂，莫之能守" }, { "id": "c024", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "富貴而驕，自遺其咎", "kind": "note", "text": "遺，與也。富則人求之，故便欺物。貴則人下之，故好凌人。驕奢至而不期，殃咎來而誰與？因驕獲咎，驕自心生，故云自遺爾。此覆釋揣銳也。", "authorNote": "御疏", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "textSimp": "遗，与也。富则人求之，故便欺物。贵则人下之，故好凌人。骄奢至而不期，殃咎来而谁与？因骄获咎，骄自心生，故云自遗尔。此覆释揣锐也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（御疏）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》", "authorNoteSimp": "御疏", "lemmaSimp": "富贵而骄，自遗其咎" }, { "id": "c025", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "功遂身退，天之道", "kind": "note", "text": "此舉戒也。夫滿則招損，謙便受益。惟彼天道，尚不常盈，故功成者隳，名遂者虧。欲求長保，未聞斯語。當須忘功與名，退身辭盛，如彼天道，不失盈虛，則無憂責矣。", "authorNote": "御疏", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "textSimp": "此举戒也。夫满则招损，谦便受益。惟彼天道，尚不常盈，故功成者隳，名遂者亏。欲求长保，未闻斯语。当须忘功与名，退身辞盛，如彼天道，不失盈虚，则无忧责矣。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（御疏）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》", "authorNoteSimp": "御疏", "lemmaSimp": "功遂身退，天之道" }, { "id": "c026", "block": 0, "source": "yanzun", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "持而盈之，不如其已", "kind": "note", "text": "污眾趣時，以致財貨，財貨愈重，神明愈耗，財貨累積，以生患咎，不如未盈而止者矣。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "污众趣时，以致财货，财货愈重，神明愈耗，财货累积，以生患咎，不如未盈而止者矣。", "citationFull": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "citationSimp": "严遵《道德真经指归》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "lemmaSimp": "持而盈之，不如其已" }, { "id": "c027", "block": 0, "source": "yanzun", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "揣而銳之，不可長保", "kind": "note", "text": "砥心銳志，運籌策，奢智能，爵尊名達，身進神去，安可長保也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "砥心锐志，运筹策，奢智能，爵尊名达，身进神去，安可长保也。", "citationFull": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "citationSimp": "严遵《道德真经指归》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "lemmaSimp": "揣而锐之，不可长保" }, { "id": "c028", "block": 0, "source": "yanzun", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "金玉滿堂，莫之能守", "kind": "note", "text": "夫金玉之與名勢，身之與神，若冰之與炭，勢不兩存。名勢者神之穢，財利者身之害，養神之穢，積身之害，損我之所以成，而益之所以敗，財利日益，生炁日盡，莫之能守也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "夫金玉之与名势，身之与神，若冰之与炭，势不两存。名势者神之秽，财利者身之害，养神之秽，积身之害，损我之所以成，而益之所以败，财利日益，生炁日尽，莫之能守也。", "citationFull": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "citationSimp": "严遵《道德真经指归》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "lemmaSimp": "金玉满堂，莫之能守" }, { "id": "c029", "block": 0, "source": "yanzun", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "富貴而驕，自遺其咎", "kind": "note", "text": "富貴而不驕，易言而難行；身愈尊貴，志愈高遠，而富貴而驕，猶炬得火，舉明愈大，炬明愈盡，可不慎乎。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "富贵而不骄，易言而难行；身愈尊贵，志愈高远，而富贵而骄，犹炬得火，举明愈大，炬明愈尽，可不慎乎。", "citationFull": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "citationSimp": "严遵《道德真经指归》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "lemmaSimp": "富贵而骄，自遗其咎" }, { "id": "c030", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "持而盈之，不如其已", "kind": "note", "text": "欹器滿而必傾，奢侈滿而必敗，若欲不傾不敗，唯有不驕不盈。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "欹器满而必倾，奢侈满而必败，若欲不倾不败，唯有不骄不盈。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "lemmaSimp": "持而盈之，不如其已" }, { "id": "c031", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "揣而銳之，不可長保", "kind": "note", "text": "尊則議，廉則挫，銳意出群，為人所辱，難長保也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "尊则议，廉则挫，锐意出群，为人所辱，难长保也。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "lemmaSimp": "揣而锐之，不可长保" }, { "id": "c032", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "金玉滿堂，莫之能守", "kind": "note", "text": "金玉無趾，自爾流行，水火之災，莫之能卻，盜賊之來，難可防守，是知貪而聚者，失理也，積而散者，合道也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "金玉无趾，自尔流行，水火之灾，莫之能却，盗贼之来，难可防守，是知贪而聚者，失理也，积而散者，合道也。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "lemmaSimp": "金玉满堂，莫之能守" }, { "id": "c033", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "富貴而驕，自遺其咎", "kind": "note", "text": "積貨不能散，乘貴以凌人，咎自內生，非自外得。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "积货不能散，乘贵以凌人，咎自内生，非自外得。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "lemmaSimp": "富贵而骄，自遗其咎" }, { "id": "c034", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "功遂身退，天之道", "kind": "note", "text": "陰陽遞代，涼燠推遷，物之恆理，天之常道。若貪榮不退，必致危亡。二疏所以見機，四皓於焉長往，達於物理，合於天道也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "阴阳递代，凉燠推迁，物之恒理，天之常道。若贪荣不退，必致危亡。二疏所以见机，四皓于焉长往，达于物理，合于天道也。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "lemmaSimp": "功遂身退，天之道" }, { "id": "c035", "block": 0, "source": "luxisheng", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "第九章", "kind": "note", "text": "持大器而滿盈，雖懼之不如早止；居大位而亢極，雖憂之不如早退；揣勢利而銳意，雖得之不可求保；貪金玉而滿堂，雖有之莫能長守。貴而驕則得其禍，富而驕則益其過，驕生乎心，咎自於己，豈可怨天尤人乎？故有道之士，功成不居，名遂不留，退身以全其歸，讓位以免其危，若四時之運，寒暑代謝而萬物以成，豈非天之道乎？", "authorNote": "", "citation": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "持大器而满盈，虽惧之不如早止；居大位而亢极，虽忧之不如早退；揣势利而锐意，虽得之不可求保；贪金玉而满堂，虽有之莫能长守。贵而骄则得其祸，富而骄则益其过，骄生乎心，咎自于己，岂可怨天尤人乎？故有道之士，功成不居，名遂不留，退身以全其归，让位以免其危，若四时之运，寒暑代谢而万物以成，岂非天之道乎？", "citationFull": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "陆希声《道德经传》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "第九章" }, { "id": "c036", "block": 0, "source": "lvhuiqing", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "第九章", "kind": "note", "text": "持所以防溢，而盈之則重溢也，如欲勿溢則如勿盈，故曰持而盈之不如其已。揣所以慮失，而銳之則重失也，如欲勿失則如勿銳，故曰揣而銳之不可長保。滿而不溢，所以長守富也；持而盈之，則金玉滿堂莫之能守矣。高而不危，所以長守貴也；揣而銳之，則富貴而驕自遺其咎矣。然則何以免此患哉？法天之道而已矣。蓋功成名遂身退，天之道，此所以無私而成其私也。封人之告堯曰『退已』，其法天之道之謂乎。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "呂惠卿《道德真經傳》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "持所以防溢，而盈之则重溢也，如欲勿溢则如勿盈，故曰持而盈之不如其已。揣所以虑失，而锐之则重失也，如欲勿失则如勿锐，故曰揣而锐之不可长保。满而不溢，所以长守富也；持而盈之，则金玉满堂莫之能守矣。高而不危，所以长守贵也；揣而锐之，则富贵而骄自遗其咎矣。然则何以免此患哉？法天之道而已矣。盖功成名遂身退，天之道，此所以无私而成其私也。封人之告尧曰『退已』，其法天之道之谓乎。", "citationFull": "呂惠卿《道德真經傳》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "吕惠卿《道德真经传》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "第九章" }, { "id": "c037", "block": 0, "source": "suzhe", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "持而盈之，不如其已；揣而銳之，不可長保", "kind": "note", "text": "知盈之必溢，而以持固之，不若不盈之安也；知銳之必折，而以揣先之，不如揣之不可必恃也。若夫聖人有而不有，尚安有盈？循理而後行，尚安有銳？無盈則無所用持，而無銳則無所用揣矣。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "蘇轍《老子解》", "textSimp": "知盈之必溢，而以持固之，不若不盈之安也；知锐之必折，而以揣先之，不如揣之不可必恃也。若夫圣人有而不有，尚安有盈？循理而后行，尚安有锐？无盈则无所用持，而无锐则无所用揣矣。", "citationFull": "蘇轍《老子解》", "citationSimp": "苏辙《老子解》", "lemmaSimp": "持而盈之，不如其已；揣而锐之，不可长保" }, { "id": "c038", "block": 0, "source": "suzhe", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "金玉滿堂，莫之能守；富貴而驕，自遺其咎；功遂身退，天之道", "kind": "note", "text": "日中則移，月滿則虧，四時之運，功成者去。天地尚然，而況於人乎？", "authorNote": "", "citation": "蘇轍《老子解》", "textSimp": "日中则移，月满则亏，四时之运，功成者去。天地尚然，而况于人乎？", "citationFull": "蘇轍《老子解》", "citationSimp": "苏辙《老子解》", "lemmaSimp": "金玉满堂，莫之能守；富贵而骄，自遗其咎；功遂身退，天之道" }, { "id": "c039", "block": 0, "source": "wucheng", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "持而盈之，不如其已；揣而銳之，不可長保", "kind": "note", "text": "持，奉之也；已，止也；揣，捶之也。此章謂道不欲盈，而又以銳為比。言槃水者不可以盈，盈之則易至於溢，不如已之而不使盈也。遂言捶錐鋒者不可以銳，銳之則易至於挫，而不可長保其銳矣。盈之則不長保其盈，亦猶是也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "吳澄《道德真經注》", "textSimp": "持，奉之也；已，止也；揣，捶之也。此章谓道不欲盈，而又以锐为比。言槃水者不可以盈，盈之则易至于溢，不如已之而不使盈也。遂言捶锥锋者不可以锐，锐之则易至于挫，而不可长保其锐矣。盈之则不长保其盈，亦犹是也。", "citationFull": "吳澄《道德真經注》", "citationSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》", "lemmaSimp": "持而盈之，不如其已；揣而锐之，不可长保" }, { "id": "c040", "block": 0, "source": "wucheng", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "金玉滿堂，莫之能守；富貴而驕，自遺其咎；功遂身退，天之道", "kind": "note", "text": "世有金玉滿堂莫能守者，何哉？蓋因富貴而驕，自遺其咎耳。是以功成名遂而身退，乃合於天之道，此言不可盈之也。金玉謂富，驕謂盈，自遺謂由己所致，非由乎人，咎謂不能守之咎。功成名遂謂貴，身退謂不盈之者。天之道虛而不盈，故四時之序，成功者去。前言富後言貴，而富貴二字在中間一句，通貫前後：惟貴乃富，則富之中有貴；既貴必富，則貴之中有富。富貴二者相須而有，故驕盈而不保其富，是即不保其貴也；身退不盈而長保其貴，是亦長保其富也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "吳澄《道德真經注》", "textSimp": "世有金玉满堂莫能守者，何哉？盖因富贵而骄，自遗其咎耳。是以功成名遂而身退，乃合于天之道，此言不可盈之也。金玉谓富，骄谓盈，自遗谓由己所致，非由乎人，咎谓不能守之咎。功成名遂谓贵，身退谓不盈之者。天之道虚而不盈，故四时之序，成功者去。前言富后言贵，而富贵二字在中间一句，通贯前后：惟贵乃富，则富之中有贵；既贵必富，则贵之中有富。富贵二者相须而有，故骄盈而不保其富，是即不保其贵也；身退不盈而长保其贵，是亦长保其富也。", "citationFull": "吳澄《道德真經注》", "citationSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》", "lemmaSimp": "金玉满堂，莫之能守；富贵而骄，自遗其咎；功遂身退，天之道" }, { "id": "c041", "block": 0, "source": "hanshan", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "第九章", "kind": "note", "text": "此言知進而不知退者之害，誡人當知止可也。持而盈之不如其已者，謂世人自恃有持滿之術，故貪位慕祿，進進而不已。老子意謂雖是能持，不若放下休歇為高，故不如其已。倘一旦禍及其身，悔之不及。即若李斯臨刑，顧謂其子曰：『吾欲與若復牽黃犬，出上蔡東門逐狡兔，豈可得乎？』此蓋恃善持其盈而不已者之驗也。故云『知足常足，終身不辱；知止常止，終身不恥』，此之謂也。揣而銳之不可長保者，揣，揣摩；銳，精其智思，如蘇張善揣摩之術者是也。謂世人以智巧自處，恃其善於揣摩，而更益其精銳之思，用智以取功名，進進而不已。老子謂雖是善能揣摩，畢竟不可長保，如蘇張縱橫之術，彼此相詐，不旋踵而身死名滅，此蓋揣銳之驗也。如此不知止足之人，貪心無厭，縱得金玉滿堂，而身死財散，故曰莫之能守；縱然位極人臣，而驕泰以取禍，乃自遺其咎。此蓋知進不知退者之害也。人殊不知天道惡盈而好謙，獨不見四時乎？成功者退。人若功成名遂而身退，此乃得天之道也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "釋德清《道德經解》", "textSimp": "此言知进而不知退者之害，诫人当知止可也。持而盈之不如其已者，谓世人自恃有持满之术，故贪位慕禄，进进而不已。老子意谓虽是能持，不若放下休歇为高，故不如其已。倘一旦祸及其身，悔之不及。即若李斯临刑，顾谓其子曰：『吾欲与若复牵黄犬，出上蔡东门逐狡兔，岂可得乎？』此盖恃善持其盈而不已者之验也。故云『知足常足，终身不辱；知止常止，终身不耻』，此之谓也。揣而锐之不可长保者，揣，揣摩；锐，精其智思，如苏张善揣摩之术者是也。谓世人以智巧自处，恃其善于揣摩，而更益其精锐之思，用智以取功名，进进而不已。老子谓虽是善能揣摩，毕竟不可长保，如苏张纵横之术，彼此相诈，不旋踵而身死名灭，此盖揣锐之验也。如此不知止足之人，贪心无厌，纵得金玉满堂，而身死财散，故曰莫之能守；纵然位极人臣，而骄泰以取祸，乃自遗其咎。此盖知进不知退者之害也。人殊不知天道恶盈而好谦，独不见四时乎？成功者退。人若功成名遂而身退，此乃得天之道也。", "citationFull": "釋德清《道德經解》", "citationSimp": "释德清《道德经解》", "lemmaSimp": "第九章" }, { "id": "c042", "block": 0, "source": "weiyuan", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "第九章", "kind": "note", "text": "持而盈之，謂盈而持之也；揣而銳之，謂銳而揣之也。知盈而持，知銳而揣，已為不善，況盈不持而金玉滿堂者乎？將多藏厚亡，莫之能守矣。況銳而不揣而富貴益驕者乎？將未能驕物，先自遺咎矣。蓋滿而不溢，所以長守富；高而不危，所以長守貴。夫何以能不溢不危哉？法天之道而已。日中則昃，月滿則虧，四時之運，成功者退，天地尚然，而況於人乎？亢之為言也，知進而不知退，知存而不知亡，知得而不知喪，是以動而有悔也。聖人成功而不有，安有盈？名遂而不居，安有銳？蓋隨事大小而能自全，故曰成曰遂也。若不知自足，則何時而為成？何日而後遂邪？此言非必處山林、絕人事，然後可以入道，雖居功名富貴之域，皆可守而行之也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "持而盈之，谓盈而持之也；揣而锐之，谓锐而揣之也。知盈而持，知锐而揣，已为不善，况盈不持而金玉满堂者乎？将多藏厚亡，莫之能守矣。况锐而不揣而富贵益骄者乎？将未能骄物，先自遗咎矣。盖满而不溢，所以长守富；高而不危，所以长守贵。夫何以能不溢不危哉？法天之道而已。日中则昃，月满则亏，四时之运，成功者退，天地尚然，而况于人乎？亢之为言也，知进而不知退，知存而不知亡，知得而不知丧，是以动而有悔也。圣人成功而不有，安有盈？名遂而不居，安有锐？盖随事大小而能自全，故曰成曰遂也。若不知自足，则何时而为成？何日而后遂邪？此言非必处山林、绝人事，然后可以入道，虽居功名富贵之域，皆可守而行之也。", "citationFull": "魏源《老子本義》", "citationSimp": "魏源《老子本义》", "lemmaSimp": "第九章" }, { "id": "c043", "block": 0, "source": "wangfuzhi", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "第九章", "kind": "evaluation", "text": "善盈者唯谷乎！善銳者唯水乎！居器以待，而無所持也；順勢以遷，而未嘗揣也。故方盈方虛，方銳方鈍。其不然也，以天為成遂，而生未息；以天為退，而氣未縮；何信乎？故鴟夷子皮之遁，得其跡也；郭子儀之晦，得其機也；許繇、支父之逝也，得其神也。跡者，以進為進，以退為退；機者，方進其退，方退其進。其唯神乎！無所成而成，無所遂而遂也。雖然，其有退之跡也，神之未忘乎道，遭之未降處於機也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "王夫之《老子衍》", "textSimp": "善盈者唯谷乎！善锐者唯水乎！居器以待，而无所持也；顺势以迁，而未尝揣也。故方盈方虚，方锐方钝。其不然也，以天为成遂，而生未息；以天为退，而气未缩；何信乎？故鸱夷子皮之遁，得其迹也；郭子仪之晦，得其机也；许繇、支父之逝也，得其神也。迹者，以进为进，以退为退；机者，方进其退，方退其进。其唯神乎！无所成而成，无所遂而遂也。虽然，其有退之迹也，神之未忘乎道，遭之未降处于机也。", "citationFull": "王夫之《老子衍》", "citationSimp": "王夫之《老子衍》", "lemmaSimp": "第九章" } ], "charNotes": [ { "id": "n001", "sentenceId": "s001", "start": 0, "end": 4, "char": "持而盈之", "charSimp": "持而盈之", "startSimp": 0, "endSimp": 4, "pinyin": "chí ér yíng zhī", "gloss": "執持而使之盈滿；持，執也，盈，滿也。", "glossSimp": "执持而使之盈满；持，执也，盈，满也。", "general": "河上公注：「盈，滿也。」御疏：「持，執也。盈，滿也。」", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「盈，满也。」御疏：「持，执也。盈，满也。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "御疏" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "御疏" ] }, { "id": "n002", "sentenceId": "s001", "start": 5, "end": 9, "char": "不如其已", "charSimp": "不如其已", "startSimp": 5, "endSimp": 9, "pinyin": "bù rú qí yǐ", "gloss": "不如停止；已，止也。", "glossSimp": "不如停止；已，止也。", "general": "河上公注：「已，止也。持滿必傾，不如止也。」成玄英疏：「已，止也。」", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「已，止也。持满必倾，不如止也。」成玄英疏：「已，止也。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏" ] }, { "id": "n003", "sentenceId": "s002", "start": 0, "end": 4, "char": "揣而銳之", "charSimp": "揣而锐之", "startSimp": 0, "endSimp": 4, "pinyin": "chuǎi ér ruì zhī", "gloss": "捶磨使之尖銳；揣，治、磨也。", "glossSimp": "捶磨使之尖锐；揣，治、磨也。", "general": "河上公注：「揣，治也。」成玄英疏：「揣，磨也。銳，利也。」吳澄注：「揣，捶之也。」", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「揣，治也。」成玄英疏：「揣，磨也。锐，利也。」吴澄注：「揣，捶之也。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "吳澄注" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "吴澄注" ] }, { "id": "n004", "sentenceId": "s003", "start": 0, "end": 4, "char": "金玉滿堂", "charSimp": "金玉满堂", "startSimp": 0, "endSimp": 4, "pinyin": "jīn yù mǎn táng", "gloss": "金玉堆滿廳堂，喻財富極盛。", "glossSimp": "金玉堆满厅堂，喻财富极盛。", "general": "河上公注：「嗜欲傷神，財多累身。」成玄英疏：「欲甚神倦，財富形勞。」", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「嗜欲伤神，财多累身。」成玄英疏：「欲甚神倦，财富形劳。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏" ] }, { "id": "n005", "sentenceId": "s004", "start": 5, "end": 9, "char": "自遺其咎", "charSimp": "自遗其咎", "startSimp": 5, "endSimp": 9, "pinyin": "zì yí qí jiù", "gloss": "自己招致禍咎；遺，與也，招致。", "glossSimp": "自己招致祸咎；遗，与也，招致。", "general": "御疏：「遺，與也……因驕獲咎，驕自心生，故云自遺爾。」成玄英疏：「咎，釁也。遺，與也。」", "generalSimp": "御疏：「遗，与也……因骄获咎，骄自心生，故云自遗尔。」成玄英疏：「咎，衅也。遗，与也。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "御疏", "成玄英疏" ], "refsSimp": [ "御疏", "成玄英疏" ] }, { "id": "n006", "sentenceId": "s005", "start": 0, "end": 4, "char": "功遂身退", "charSimp": "功遂身退", "startSimp": 0, "endSimp": 4, "pinyin": "gōng suì shēn tuì", "gloss": "功業成就便抽身退隱；遂，成也。", "glossSimp": "功业成就便抽身退隐；遂，成也。", "general": "河上公注：「功成事立，名跡稱遂，不退身避位，則遇於害。」王弼注：「四時更運，功成則移。」", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「功成事立，名迹称遂，不退身避位，则遇于害。」王弼注：「四时更运，功成则移。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "王弼注" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "王弼注" ] }, { "id": "n007", "sentenceId": "s005", "start": 5, "end": 8, "char": "天之道", "charSimp": "天之道", "startSimp": 5, "endSimp": 8, "pinyin": "tiān zhī dào", "gloss": "自然的常道；天道盈虛有時，物盛則衰。", "glossSimp": "自然的常道；天道盈虚有时，物盛则衰。", "general": "御疏：「惟彼天道，尚不常盈。」成玄英疏：「天者自然之謂也。」河上公注：「此乃天之常道。」", "generalSimp": "御疏：「惟彼天道，尚不常盈。」成玄英疏：「天者自然之谓也。」河上公注：「此乃天之常道。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "御疏", "成玄英疏", "河上公注" ], "refsSimp": [ "御疏", "成玄英疏", "河上公注" ] } ], "glossary": { "持盈": "執持盈滿。", "揣銳": "捶磨使之尖銳。", "自遺其咎": "自己招致禍咎。", "功遂身退": "功業成就而抽身退隱。", "天之道": "自然的常道。" }, "collations": [ { "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "揣而銳之", "text": "蘇轍《老子解》此句作「揣而銳之，不如長保」，「不如」與王弼本「不可」異；正文從王弼本。", "source": "王弼《老子道德經注》、蘇轍《老子解》", "textSimp": "苏辙《老子解》此句作「揣而锐之，不如长保」，「不如」与王弼本「不可」异；正文从王弼本。", "headwordSimp": "揣而锐之", "sourceSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》、苏辙《老子解》", "id": "k001" }, { "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "揣而悅之", "text": "魏源《老子本義》校記謂傅奕本作「揣而悅之」，王弼別本亦作「悅」；王弼通行本、河上公本、陸希聲本、呂惠卿本、吳澄本並作「銳」。正文從王弼本。", "source": "傅奕《道德經古本篇》、王弼《老子道德經注》、河上公《老子道德經章句》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、吳澄《道德真經注》、魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "魏源《老子本义》校记谓傅奕本作「揣而悦之」，王弼别本亦作「悦」；王弼通行本、河上公本、陆希声本、吕惠卿本、吴澄本并作「锐」。正文从王弼本。", "headwordSimp": "揣而悦之", "sourceSimp": "傅奕《道德经古本篇》、王弼《老子道德经注》、河上公《老子道德经章句》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、吴澄《道德真经注》、魏源《老子本义》", "id": "k002" }, { "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "金玉滿堂", "text": "魏源本作「金玉滿室」，其校記云「室，河上及諸本作堂」；王弼、河上公、蘇轍、吳澄諸本並作「堂」。正文從王弼本。", "source": "王弼《老子道德經注》、河上公《老子道德經章句》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "魏源本作「金玉满室」，其校记云「室，河上及诸本作堂」；王弼、河上公、苏辙、吴澄诸本并作「堂」。正文从王弼本。", "headwordSimp": "金玉满堂", "sourceSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》、河上公《老子道德经章句》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、魏源《老子本义》", "id": "k003" }, { "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "富貴而驕", "text": "王弼注數字底本此句誤作「當貴而驕」，據王弼注文、河上公本、唐玄宗御注御疏及諸本校正為「富貴而驕」。", "source": "王弼《老子道德經注》、河上公《老子道德經章句》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "textSimp": "王弼注数字底本此句误作「当贵而骄」，据王弼注文、河上公本、唐玄宗御注御疏及诸本校正为「富贵而骄」。", "headwordSimp": "富贵而骄", "sourceSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》、河上公《老子道德经章句》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》", "id": "k004" }, { "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "功遂身退", "text": "王弼本作「功遂身退，天之道」，無「成」「名」二字，亦無「也」字；河上公、唐玄宗、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之諸本多作「功成名遂身退，天之道」或「功成名遂身退，天之道也」。魏源校記又謂碑本作「名成功遂身退」，李約本「名」作「事」。正文從王弼本。", "source": "王弼《老子道德經注》、河上公《老子道德經章句》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》、王夫之《老子衍》", "textSimp": "王弼本作「功遂身退，天之道」，无「成」「名」二字，亦无「也」字；河上公、唐玄宗、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之诸本多作「功成名遂身退，天之道」或「功成名遂身退，天之道也」。魏源校记又谓碑本作「名成功遂身退」，李约本「名」作「事」。正文从王弼本。", "headwordSimp": "功遂身退", "sourceSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》、河上公《老子道德经章句》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》、王夫之《老子衍》", "id": "k005" }, { "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "章次", "text": "河上公題「運夷第九」，唐玄宗題「持而盈之章第九」；吳澄、魏源因合「谷神不死」於上章，本章在其本題為第八章。本站從通行分章。", "source": "河上公《老子道德經章句》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、吳澄《道德真經注》、魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "河上公题「运夷第九」，唐玄宗题「持而盈之章第九」；吴澄、魏源因合「谷神不死」于上章，本章在其本题为第八章。本站从通行分章。", "headwordSimp": "章次", "sourceSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、吴澄《道德真经注》、魏源《老子本义》", "id": "k006" } ], "glossarySimp": { "持盈": "执持盈满。", "揣锐": "捶磨使之尖锐。", "自遗其咎": "自己招致祸咎。", "功遂身退": "功业成就而抽身退隐。", "天之道": "自然的常道。" }, "lexicon": { "note": "由构建脚本从字词注与常用字表生成，供义位词典和开放数据集使用；occurrence 统计按繁体与简体正文分别匹配后合并。", "entries": [ { "order": 1, "id": "n001", "noteId": "n001", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "持而盈之", "headwordSimp": "持而盈之", "pinyin": "chí ér yíng zhī", "gloss": "執持而使之盈滿；持，執也，盈，滿也。", "glossSimp": "执持而使之盈满；持，执也，盈，满也。", "general": "河上公注：「盈，滿也。」御疏：「持，執也。盈，滿也。」", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「盈，满也。」御疏：「持，执也。盈，满也。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "御疏" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "御疏" ], "forms": [ { "form": "持而盈之", "formSimp": "持而盈之", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 2, "id": "n002", "noteId": "n002", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "不如其已", "headwordSimp": "不如其已", "pinyin": "bù rú qí yǐ", "gloss": "不如停止；已，止也。", "glossSimp": "不如停止；已，止也。", "general": "河上公注：「已，止也。持滿必傾，不如止也。」成玄英疏：「已，止也。」", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「已，止也。持满必倾，不如止也。」成玄英疏：「已，止也。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏" ], "forms": [ { "form": "不如其已", "formSimp": "不如其已", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 3, "id": "n003", "noteId": "n003", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "揣而銳之", "headwordSimp": "揣而锐之", "pinyin": "chuǎi ér ruì zhī", "gloss": "捶磨使之尖銳；揣，治、磨也。", "glossSimp": "捶磨使之尖锐；揣，治、磨也。", "general": "河上公注：「揣，治也。」成玄英疏：「揣，磨也。銳，利也。」吳澄注：「揣，捶之也。」", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「揣，治也。」成玄英疏：「揣，磨也。锐，利也。」吴澄注：「揣，捶之也。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "吳澄注" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "吴澄注" ], "forms": [ { "form": "揣而銳之", "formSimp": "揣而锐之", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 4, "id": "n004", "noteId": "n004", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "金玉滿堂", "headwordSimp": "金玉满堂", "pinyin": "jīn yù mǎn táng", "gloss": "金玉堆滿廳堂，喻財富極盛。", "glossSimp": "金玉堆满厅堂，喻财富极盛。", "general": "河上公注：「嗜欲傷神，財多累身。」成玄英疏：「欲甚神倦，財富形勞。」", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「嗜欲伤神，财多累身。」成玄英疏：「欲甚神倦，财富形劳。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏" ], "forms": [ { "form": "金玉滿堂", "formSimp": "金玉满堂", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 5, "id": "n005", "noteId": "n005", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "自遺其咎", "headwordSimp": "自遗其咎", "pinyin": "zì yí qí jiù", "gloss": "自己招致禍咎；遺，與也，招致。", "glossSimp": "自己招致祸咎；遗，与也，招致。", "general": "御疏：「遺，與也……因驕獲咎，驕自心生，故云自遺爾。」成玄英疏：「咎，釁也。遺，與也。」", "generalSimp": "御疏：「遗，与也……因骄获咎，骄自心生，故云自遗尔。」成玄英疏：「咎，衅也。遗，与也。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "御疏", "成玄英疏" ], "refsSimp": [ "御疏", "成玄英疏" ], "forms": [ { "form": "自遺其咎", "formSimp": "自遗其咎", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 6, "id": "n006", "noteId": "n006", "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "功遂身退", "headwordSimp": "功遂身退", "pinyin": "gōng suì shēn tuì", "gloss": "功業成就便抽身退隱；遂，成也。", "glossSimp": "功业成就便抽身退隐；遂，成也。", "general": "河上公注：「功成事立，名跡稱遂，不退身避位，則遇於害。」王弼注：「四時更運，功成則移。」", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「功成事立，名迹称遂，不退身避位，则遇于害。」王弼注：「四时更运，功成则移。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "王弼注" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "王弼注" ], "forms": [ { "form": "功遂身退", "formSimp": "功遂身退", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s005" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s005" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 7, "id": "n007", "noteId": "n007", "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "天之道", "headwordSimp": "天之道", "pinyin": "tiān zhī dào", "gloss": "自然的常道；天道盈虛有時，物盛則衰。", "glossSimp": "自然的常道；天道盈虚有时，物盛则衰。", "general": "御疏：「惟彼天道，尚不常盈。」成玄英疏：「天者自然之謂也。」河上公注：「此乃天之常道。」", "generalSimp": "御疏：「惟彼天道，尚不常盈。」成玄英疏：「天者自然之谓也。」河上公注：「此乃天之常道。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "御疏", "成玄英疏", "河上公注" ], "refsSimp": [ "御疏", "成玄英疏", "河上公注" ], "forms": [ { "form": "天之道", "formSimp": "天之道", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s005" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s005" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 } ], "glossaryEntries": [ { "order": 8, "id": "g001", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "持盈", "headwordSimp": "持盈", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "執持盈滿。", "glossSimp": "执持盈满。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "持盈", "formSimp": "持盈", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 9, "id": "g002", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "揣銳", "headwordSimp": "揣锐", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "捶磨使之尖銳。", "glossSimp": "捶磨使之尖锐。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "揣銳", "formSimp": "揣锐", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 10, "id": "g003", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "自遺其咎", "headwordSimp": "自遗其咎", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "自己招致禍咎。", "glossSimp": "自己招致祸咎。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "自遺其咎", "formSimp": "自遗其咎", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 11, "id": "g004", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "功遂身退", "headwordSimp": "功遂身退", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "功業成就而抽身退隱。", "glossSimp": "功业成就而抽身退隐。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "功遂身退", "formSimp": "功遂身退", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s005" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s005" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 12, "id": "g005", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "天之道", "headwordSimp": "天之道", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "自然的常道。", "glossSimp": "自然的常道。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "天之道", "formSimp": "天之道", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s005" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s005" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 } ] }, "relations": { "version": "1.0.0", "note": "第九章四組觀念的十三家對照。河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗三家四組皆備；嚴遵於「功遂身退」一組無專文，故末組十二家，前三組各十三家。王弼四組皆有注。", "concepts": [ { "id": "chijiyingzhi", "name": "持盈之戒", "nameTrad": "持盈之戒", "question": "「持而盈之，不如其已」何以成為全章首戒？", "questionTrad": "「持而盈之，不如其已」何以成為全章首戒？", "intro": "首句以「持而盈之，不如其已」立戒。河上公以盈滿則傾，不如止；王弼以既不失德又盈之，勢必傾危，乃更不如無德無功；成玄英以不能靜退謙虛、恆欲執求盈滿，必致傾危，引《莊子》卮滿則傾、《書》滿招損為證；唐玄宗御注以執持盈滿、積財為累，御疏以人心貪愛無厭、執守保持；嚴遵以財貨愈重、神明愈耗，不如未盈而止；李榮以欹器滿而必傾、奢侈滿而必敗；陸希聲以持大器而滿盈，雖懼之不如早止；呂惠卿以持所以防溢，盈之則重溢，如欲勿溢則如勿盈；蘇轍以知盈必溢而以持固之，不若不盈之安；吳澄以槃水不可以盈，盈之則易溢；憨山以世人自恃持滿之術，不若放下休歇；魏源以盈而持之，已為不善；王夫之以谷善盈、居器以待而無所持。諸家皆以「止」「不盈」為解，而理由各有側重。", "introTrad": "首句以「持而盈之，不如其已」立戒。河上公以盈滿則傾，不如止；王弼以既不失德又盈之，勢必傾危，乃更不如無德無功；成玄英以不能靜退謙虛、恆欲執求盈滿，必致傾危，引《莊子》卮滿則傾、《書》滿招損為證；唐玄宗御注以執持盈滿、積財為累，御疏以人心貪愛無厭、執守保持；嚴遵以財貨愈重、神明愈耗，不如未盈而止；李榮以欹器滿而必傾、奢侈滿而必敗；陸希聲以持大器而滿盈，雖懼之不如早止；呂惠卿以持所以防溢，盈之則重溢，如欲勿溢則如勿盈；蘇轍以知盈必溢而以持固之，不若不盈之安；吳澄以槃水不可以盈，盈之則易溢；憨山以世人自恃持滿之術，不若放下休歇；魏源以盈而持之，已為不善；王夫之以谷善盈、居器以待而無所持。諸家皆以「止」「不盈」為解，而理由各有側重。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "盈滿則傾，不如止。", "thesisTrad": "盈滿則傾，不如止。", "noteIds": [ "c001" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "盈满则倾，不如止。" }, "wangbi": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "持謂不失德；既不失德又盈之，勢必傾危，不如其已。", "thesisTrad": "持謂不失德；既不失德又盈之，勢必傾危，不如其已。", "noteIds": [ "c006" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "持谓不失德；既不失德又盈之，势必倾危，不如其已。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "不能靜退謙虛、恆欲執求盈滿，必致傾危，不如止而勿行。", "thesisTrad": "不能靜退謙虛、恆欲執求盈滿，必致傾危，不如止而勿行。", "noteIds": [ "c011" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "不能静退谦虚、恒欲执求盈满，必致倾危，不如止而勿行。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "執持盈滿，積財為累，悔吝必生；人心貪愛無厭，不如休止。", "thesisTrad": "執持盈滿，積財為累，悔吝必生；人心貪愛無厭，不如休止。", "noteIds": [ "c016", "c021" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "执持盈满，积财为累，悔吝必生；人心贪爱无厌，不如休止。" }, "yanzun": { "workType": "指歸", "workTypeTrad": "指歸", "thesis": "財貨愈重，神明愈耗，累積生患，不如未盈而止。", "thesisTrad": "財貨愈重，神明愈耗，累積生患，不如未盈而止。", "noteIds": [ "c026" ], "workTypeSimp": "指归", "thesisSimp": "财货愈重，神明愈耗，累积生患，不如未盈而止。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "欹器滿而必傾，奢侈滿而必敗，唯不驕不盈。", "thesisTrad": "欹器滿而必傾，奢侈滿而必敗，唯不驕不盈。", "noteIds": [ "c030" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "欹器满而必倾，奢侈满而必败，唯不骄不盈。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "持大器而滿盈，雖懼之不如早止。", "thesisTrad": "持大器而滿盈，雖懼之不如早止。", "noteIds": [ "c035" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "持大器而满盈，虽惧之不如早止。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "持所以防溢，盈之則重溢，如欲勿溢則如勿盈。", "thesisTrad": "持所以防溢，盈之則重溢，如欲勿溢則如勿盈。", "noteIds": [ "c036" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "持所以防溢，盈之则重溢，如欲勿溢则如勿盈。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "知盈必溢而以持固之，不若不盈之安。", "thesisTrad": "知盈必溢而以持固之，不若不盈之安。", "noteIds": [ "c037" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "知盈必溢而以持固之，不若不盈之安。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "槃水不可以盈，盈之則易溢，不如已之而不使盈。", "thesisTrad": "槃水不可以盈，盈之則易溢，不如已之而不使盈。", "noteIds": [ "c039" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "槃水不可以盈，盈之则易溢，不如已之而不使盈。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "世人自恃持滿之術，不若放下休歇為高。", "thesisTrad": "世人自恃持滿之術，不若放下休歇為高。", "noteIds": [ "c041" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "世人自恃持满之术，不若放下休歇为高。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "盈而持之，已為不善。", "thesisTrad": "盈而持之，已為不善。", "noteIds": [ "c042" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "盈而持之，已为不善。" }, "wangfuzhi": { "workType": "衍", "workTypeTrad": "衍", "thesis": "善盈者唯谷，居器以待而無所持。", "thesisTrad": "善盈者唯谷，居器以待而無所持。", "noteIds": [ "c043" ], "workTypeSimp": "衍", "thesisSimp": "善盈者唯谷，居器以待而无所持。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c001", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公以持滿必傾、不如止立說。", "textTrad": "河上公以持滿必傾、不如止立說。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公以持满必倾、不如止立说。" }, { "noteId": "c006", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "王弼以不失德而盈之，勢必傾危。", "textTrad": "王弼以不失德而盈之，勢必傾危。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "王弼以不失德而盈之，势必倾危。" }, { "noteId": "c011", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英以不能靜退、恆欲盈滿，必致傾危。", "textTrad": "成玄英以不能靜退、恆欲盈滿，必致傾危。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英以不能静退、恒欲盈满，必致倾危。" }, { "noteId": "c016", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "唐玄宗御注以執持盈滿、積財為累。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗御注以執持盈滿、積財為累。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "唐玄宗御注以执持盈满、积财为累。" }, { "noteId": "c021", "relation": "御疏", "relationTrad": "御疏", "text": "御疏以人心貪愛無厭、執守保持為說。", "textTrad": "御疏以人心貪愛無厭、執守保持為說。", "relationSimp": "御疏", "textSimp": "御疏以人心贪爱无厌、执守保持为说。" }, { "noteId": "c026", "relation": "指歸", "relationTrad": "指歸", "text": "嚴遵以財貨愈重、神明愈耗，不如未盈而止。", "textTrad": "嚴遵以財貨愈重、神明愈耗，不如未盈而止。", "relationSimp": "指归", "textSimp": "严遵以财货愈重、神明愈耗，不如未盈而止。" }, { "noteId": "c030", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮以欹器滿而必傾，唯不驕不盈。", "textTrad": "李榮以欹器滿而必傾，唯不驕不盈。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣以欹器满而必倾，唯不骄不盈。" }, { "noteId": "c035", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "陸希聲以持大器而滿盈，不如早止。", "textTrad": "陸希聲以持大器而滿盈，不如早止。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "陆希声以持大器而满盈，不如早止。" }, { "noteId": "c036", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "呂惠卿以持所以防溢，盈之則重溢。", "textTrad": "呂惠卿以持所以防溢，盈之則重溢。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "吕惠卿以持所以防溢，盈之则重溢。" }, { "noteId": "c037", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "蘇轍以知盈必溢，不若不盈之安。", "textTrad": "蘇轍以知盈必溢，不若不盈之安。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "苏辙以知盈必溢，不若不盈之安。" }, { "noteId": "c039", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄以槃水不可以盈，不如已之而不使盈。", "textTrad": "吳澄以槃水不可以盈，不如已之而不使盈。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄以槃水不可以盈，不如已之而不使盈。" }, { "noteId": "c041", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "憨山以自恃持滿，不若放下休歇。", "textTrad": "憨山以自恃持滿，不若放下休歇。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "憨山以自恃持满，不若放下休歇。" }, { "noteId": "c042", "relation": "本義", "relationTrad": "本義", "text": "魏源以盈而持之，已為不善。", "textTrad": "魏源以盈而持之，已為不善。", "relationSimp": "本义", "textSimp": "魏源以盈而持之，已为不善。" }, { "noteId": "c043", "relation": "衍", "relationTrad": "衍", "text": "王夫之以谷善盈，居器以待而無所持。", "textTrad": "王夫之以谷善盈，居器以待而無所持。", "relationSimp": "衍", "textSimp": "王夫之以谷善盈，居器以待而无所持。" } ], "nameSimp": "持盈之戒", "questionSimp": "「持而盈之，不如其已」何以成为全章首戒？", "introSimp": "首句以「持而盈之，不如其已」立戒。河上公以盈满则倾，不如止；王弼以既不失德又盈之，势必倾危，乃更不如无德无功；成玄英以不能静退谦虚、恒欲执求盈满，必致倾危，引《庄子》卮满则倾、《书》满招损为证；唐玄宗御注以执持盈满、积财为累，御疏以人心贪爱无厌、执守保持；严遵以财货愈重、神明愈耗，不如未盈而止；李荣以欹器满而必倾、奢侈满而必败；陆希声以持大器而满盈，虽惧之不如早止；吕惠卿以持所以防溢，盈之则重溢，如欲勿溢则如勿盈；苏辙以知盈必溢而以持固之，不若不盈之安；吴澄以槃水不可以盈，盈之则易溢；憨山以世人自恃持满之术，不若放下休歇；魏源以盈而持之，已为不善；王夫之以谷善盈、居器以待而无所持。诸家皆以「止」「不盈」为解，而理由各有侧重。" }, { "id": "chuairuizhijie", "name": "揣銳之戒", "nameTrad": "揣銳之戒", "question": "「揣而銳之，不可長保」中的「揣」「銳」應如何訓釋？", "questionTrad": "「揣而銳之，不可長保」中的「揣」「銳」應如何訓釋？", "intro": "次句以「揣而銳之，不可長保」為戒。河上公以揣為治，先揣而後必棄捐；王弼以揣末令尖、又銳令利，勢必摧衄；成玄英以揣劍磨刀雖利必損，又揣磨心智、貪求傷害甚於戈戟；唐玄宗御注以揣度銳利、進取榮名，富貴必驕，坐招殃咎，御疏以揣量前事、銛利欲心，鬼瞰人怨；嚴遵以砥心銳志、運籌策、爵尊名達，身進神去；李榮以尊則議、廉則挫，銳意出群為人所辱；陸希聲以揣勢利而銳意，雖得之不可求保；呂惠卿以揣所以慮失，銳之則重失，如欲勿失則如勿銳；蘇轍以知銳必折而以揣先之，不如揣之不可必恃；吳澄以捶錐鋒者不可以銳，銳之則易挫；憨山以蘇張揣摩縱橫之術，身死名滅為驗；魏源以銳而揣之，已為不善；王夫之以水善銳、順勢以遷而未嘗揣。諸家或以器喻，或以心智言，皆謂銳不可恃。", "introTrad": "次句以「揣而銳之，不可長保」為戒。河上公以揣為治，先揣而後必棄捐；王弼以揣末令尖、又銳令利，勢必摧衄；成玄英以揣劍磨刀雖利必損，又揣磨心智、貪求傷害甚於戈戟；唐玄宗御注以揣度銳利、進取榮名，富貴必驕，坐招殃咎，御疏以揣量前事、銛利欲心，鬼瞰人怨；嚴遵以砥心銳志、運籌策、爵尊名達，身進神去；李榮以尊則議、廉則挫，銳意出群為人所辱；陸希聲以揣勢利而銳意，雖得之不可求保；呂惠卿以揣所以慮失，銳之則重失，如欲勿失則如勿銳；蘇轍以知銳必折而以揣先之，不如揣之不可必恃；吳澄以捶錐鋒者不可以銳，銳之則易挫；憨山以蘇張揣摩縱橫之術，身死名滅為驗；魏源以銳而揣之，已為不善；王夫之以水善銳、順勢以遷而未嘗揣。諸家或以器喻，或以心智言，皆謂銳不可恃。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "揣，治也；先揣而後必棄捐。", "thesisTrad": "揣，治也；先揣而後必棄捐。", "noteIds": [ "c002" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "揣，治也；先揣而后必弃捐。" }, "wangbi": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "揣末令尖，又銳令利，勢必摧衄。", "thesisTrad": "揣末令尖，又銳令利，勢必摧衄。", "noteIds": [ "c007" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "揣末令尖，又锐令利，势必摧衄。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "揣劍磨刀雖利必損；揣磨心智，傷害甚於戈戟。", "thesisTrad": "揣劍磨刀雖利必損；揣磨心智，傷害甚於戈戟。", "noteIds": [ "c012" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "揣剑磨刀虽利必损；揣磨心智，伤害甚于戈戟。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "揣度銳利，進取榮名，坐招殃咎；揣量前事，銛利欲心，鬼瞰人怨。", "thesisTrad": "揣度銳利，進取榮名，坐招殃咎；揣量前事，銛利欲心，鬼瞰人怨。", "noteIds": [ "c017", "c022" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "揣度锐利，进取荣名，坐招殃咎；揣量前事，铦利欲心，鬼瞰人怨。" }, "yanzun": { "workType": "指歸", "workTypeTrad": "指歸", "thesis": "砥心銳志，運籌策，爵尊名達，身進神去。", "thesisTrad": "砥心銳志，運籌策，爵尊名達，身進神去。", "noteIds": [ "c027" ], "workTypeSimp": "指归", "thesisSimp": "砥心锐志，运筹策，爵尊名达，身进神去。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "尊則議，廉則挫，銳意出群，為人所辱。", "thesisTrad": "尊則議，廉則挫，銳意出群，為人所辱。", "noteIds": [ "c031" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "尊则议，廉则挫，锐意出群，为人所辱。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "揣勢利而銳意，雖得之不可求保。", "thesisTrad": "揣勢利而銳意，雖得之不可求保。", "noteIds": [ "c035" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "揣势利而锐意，虽得之不可求保。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "揣所以慮失，銳之則重失，如欲勿失則如勿銳。", "thesisTrad": "揣所以慮失，銳之則重失，如欲勿失則如勿銳。", "noteIds": [ "c036" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "揣所以虑失，锐之则重失，如欲勿失则如勿锐。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "知銳必折而以揣先之，不如揣之不可必恃。", "thesisTrad": "知銳必折而以揣先之，不如揣之不可必恃。", "noteIds": [ "c037" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "知锐必折而以揣先之，不如揣之不可必恃。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "捶錐鋒者不可以銳，銳之則易挫。", "thesisTrad": "捶錐鋒者不可以銳，銳之則易挫。", "noteIds": [ "c039" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "捶锥锋者不可以锐，锐之则易挫。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "蘇張揣摩縱橫，身死名滅，為揣銳之驗。", "thesisTrad": "蘇張揣摩縱橫，身死名滅，為揣銳之驗。", "noteIds": [ "c041" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "苏张揣摩纵横，身死名灭，为揣锐之验。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "銳而揣之，已為不善。", "thesisTrad": "銳而揣之，已為不善。", "noteIds": [ "c042" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "锐而揣之，已为不善。" }, "wangfuzhi": { "workType": "衍", "workTypeTrad": "衍", "thesis": "善銳者唯水，順勢以遷而未嘗揣。", "thesisTrad": "善銳者唯水，順勢以遷而未嘗揣。", "noteIds": [ "c043" ], "workTypeSimp": "衍", "thesisSimp": "善锐者唯水，顺势以迁而未尝揣。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c002", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公以揣為治，先揣而後必棄捐。", "textTrad": "河上公以揣為治，先揣而後必棄捐。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公以揣为治，先揣而后必弃捐。" }, { "noteId": "c007", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "王弼以揣末令尖、又銳令利，勢必摧衄。", "textTrad": "王弼以揣末令尖、又銳令利，勢必摧衄。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "王弼以揣末令尖、又锐令利，势必摧衄。" }, { "noteId": "c012", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英以揣劍磨刀、揣磨心智為喻。", "textTrad": "成玄英以揣劍磨刀、揣磨心智為喻。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英以揣剑磨刀、揣磨心智为喻。" }, { "noteId": "c017", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "唐玄宗御注以揣度銳利、進取榮名為說。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗御注以揣度銳利、進取榮名為說。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "唐玄宗御注以揣度锐利、进取荣名为说。" }, { "noteId": "c022", "relation": "御疏", "relationTrad": "御疏", "text": "御疏以揣量前事、銛利欲心，鬼瞰人怨。", "textTrad": "御疏以揣量前事、銛利欲心，鬼瞰人怨。", "relationSimp": "御疏", "textSimp": "御疏以揣量前事、铦利欲心，鬼瞰人怨。" }, { "noteId": "c027", "relation": "指歸", "relationTrad": "指歸", "text": "嚴遵以砥心銳志、爵尊名達，身進神去。", "textTrad": "嚴遵以砥心銳志、爵尊名達，身進神去。", "relationSimp": "指归", "textSimp": "严遵以砥心锐志、爵尊名达，身进神去。" }, { "noteId": "c031", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮以尊則議、廉則挫，銳意出群為人所辱。", "textTrad": "李榮以尊則議、廉則挫，銳意出群為人所辱。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣以尊则议、廉则挫，锐意出群为人所辱。" }, { "noteId": "c035", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "陸希聲以揣勢利而銳意，不可求保。", "textTrad": "陸希聲以揣勢利而銳意，不可求保。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "陆希声以揣势利而锐意，不可求保。" }, { "noteId": "c036", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "呂惠卿以揣所以慮失，銳之則重失。", "textTrad": "呂惠卿以揣所以慮失，銳之則重失。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "吕惠卿以揣所以虑失，锐之则重失。" }, { "noteId": "c037", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "蘇轍以知銳必折，不如揣之不可必恃。", "textTrad": "蘇轍以知銳必折，不如揣之不可必恃。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "苏辙以知锐必折，不如揣之不可必恃。" }, { "noteId": "c039", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄以捶錐鋒者不可以銳，銳之則易挫。", "textTrad": "吳澄以捶錐鋒者不可以銳，銳之則易挫。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄以捶锥锋者不可以锐，锐之则易挫。" }, { "noteId": "c041", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "憨山以蘇張揣摩縱橫、身死名滅為驗。", "textTrad": "憨山以蘇張揣摩縱橫、身死名滅為驗。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "憨山以苏张揣摩纵横、身死名灭为验。" }, { "noteId": "c042", "relation": "本義", "relationTrad": "本義", "text": "魏源以銳而揣之，已為不善。", "textTrad": "魏源以銳而揣之，已為不善。", "relationSimp": "本义", "textSimp": "魏源以锐而揣之，已为不善。" }, { "noteId": "c043", "relation": "衍", "relationTrad": "衍", "text": "王夫之以水善銳，順勢以遷而未嘗揣。", "textTrad": "王夫之以水善銳，順勢以遷而未嘗揣。", "relationSimp": "衍", "textSimp": "王夫之以水善锐，顺势以迁而未尝揣。" } ], "nameSimp": "揣锐之戒", "questionSimp": "「揣而锐之，不可长保」中的「揣」「锐」应如何训释？", "introSimp": "次句以「揣而锐之，不可长保」为戒。河上公以揣为治，先揣而后必弃捐；王弼以揣末令尖、又锐令利，势必摧衄；成玄英以揣剑磨刀虽利必损，又揣磨心智、贪求伤害甚于戈戟；唐玄宗御注以揣度锐利、进取荣名，富贵必骄，坐招殃咎，御疏以揣量前事、铦利欲心，鬼瞰人怨；严遵以砥心锐志、运筹策、爵尊名达，身进神去；李荣以尊则议、廉则挫，锐意出群为人所辱；陆希声以揣势利而锐意，虽得之不可求保；吕惠卿以揣所以虑失，锐之则重失，如欲勿失则如勿锐；苏辙以知锐必折而以揣先之，不如揣之不可必恃；吴澄以捶锥锋者不可以锐，锐之则易挫；憨山以苏张揣摩纵横之术，身死名灭为验；魏源以锐而揣之，已为不善；王夫之以水善锐、顺势以迁而未尝揣。诸家或以器喻，或以心智言，皆谓锐不可恃。" }, { "id": "mantangjiaoying", "name": "滿堂與驕盈", "nameTrad": "滿堂與驕盈", "question": "金玉滿堂何以莫之能守？富貴而驕何以自遺其咎？", "questionTrad": "金玉滿堂何以莫之能守？富貴而驕何以自遺其咎？", "intro": "第三、四句由物及人：金玉滿堂而莫能守，富貴而驕則自遺其咎。河上公以嗜欲傷神、財多累身，富當賑貧、貴當憐賤，反自驕恣必被禍害；王弼以「不若其已」「不可長保」互文見義；成玄英以欲甚神倦、財富形勞，積不能散必招巨盜，處富貴應濟物而不能謙遜，自致危亡；唐玄宗御注以盈難久持、銳不可揣，驕由心生故咎非他與，御疏以富則人求、貴則人下，驕奢致殃，因驕獲咎；嚴遵以名勢為神之穢、財利為身之害，富貴而驕猶炬得火，舉明愈大而炬明愈盡；李榮以金玉流行、水火盜賊難防，貪聚失理、積散合道，積貨乘貴，咎自內生；陸希聲以貴驕得禍、富驕益過，咎自於己；呂惠卿以滿而不溢所以長守富、高而不危所以長守貴；蘇轍以日中則移、月滿則虧、功成者去；吳澄以富貴相須，驕盈則不保其富貴；憨山以身死財散、位極人臣而驕泰取禍；魏源以多藏厚亡、未能驕物先自遺咎；王夫之以固當以不守守之。諸家於「守」與「咎」二字發揮最詳。", "introTrad": "第三、四句由物及人：金玉滿堂而莫能守，富貴而驕則自遺其咎。河上公以嗜欲傷神、財多累身，富當賑貧、貴當憐賤，反自驕恣必被禍害；王弼以「不若其已」「不可長保」互文見義；成玄英以欲甚神倦、財富形勞，積不能散必招巨盜，處富貴應濟物而不能謙遜，自致危亡；唐玄宗御注以盈難久持、銳不可揣，驕由心生故咎非他與，御疏以富則人求、貴則人下，驕奢致殃，因驕獲咎；嚴遵以名勢為神之穢、財利為身之害，富貴而驕猶炬得火，舉明愈大而炬明愈盡；李榮以金玉流行、水火盜賊難防，貪聚失理、積散合道，積貨乘貴，咎自內生；陸希聲以貴驕得禍、富驕益過，咎自於己；呂惠卿以滿而不溢所以長守富、高而不危所以長守貴；蘇轍以日中則移、月滿則虧、功成者去；吳澄以富貴相須，驕盈則不保其富貴；憨山以身死財散、位極人臣而驕泰取禍；魏源以多藏厚亡、未能驕物先自遺咎；王夫之以固當以不守守之。諸家於「守」與「咎」二字發揮最詳。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "嗜欲傷神，財多累身；富當賑貧，貴當憐賤，反自驕恣必被禍害。", "thesisTrad": "嗜欲傷神，財多累身；富當賑貧，貴當憐賤，反自驕恣必被禍害。", "noteIds": [ "c003", "c004" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "嗜欲伤神，财多累身；富当赈贫，贵当怜贱，反自骄恣必被祸害。" }, "wangbi": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "金玉滿堂則不若其已，富貴而驕則不可長保。", "thesisTrad": "金玉滿堂則不若其已，富貴而驕則不可長保。", "noteIds": [ "c008", "c009" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "金玉满堂则不若其已，富贵而骄则不可长保。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "欲甚神倦，積不能散必招巨盜；處富貴不能謙遜，自致危亡。", "thesisTrad": "欲甚神倦，積不能散必招巨盜；處富貴不能謙遜，自致危亡。", "noteIds": [ "c013", "c014" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "欲甚神倦，积不能散必招巨盗；处富贵不能谦逊，自致危亡。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "盈難久持，銳不可揣；富則人求、貴則人下，驕奢致殃，咎由自取。", "thesisTrad": "盈難久持，銳不可揣；富則人求、貴則人下，驕奢致殃，咎由自取。", "noteIds": [ "c018", "c019", "c023", "c024" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "盈难久持，锐不可揣；富则人求、贵则人下，骄奢致殃，咎由自取。" }, "yanzun": { "workType": "指歸", "workTypeTrad": "指歸", "thesis": "名勢為神之穢，財利為身之害；富貴而驕如炬得火，明愈大而盡愈速。", "thesisTrad": "名勢為神之穢，財利為身之害；富貴而驕如炬得火，明愈大而盡愈速。", "noteIds": [ "c028", "c029" ], "workTypeSimp": "指归", "thesisSimp": "名势为神之秽，财利为身之害；富贵而骄如炬得火，明愈大而尽愈速。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "金玉流行，水火盜賊難防；貪聚失理，積貨乘貴，咎自內生。", "thesisTrad": "金玉流行，水火盜賊難防；貪聚失理，積貨乘貴，咎自內生。", "noteIds": [ "c032", "c033" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "金玉流行，水火盗贼难防；贪聚失理，积货乘贵，咎自内生。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "貴驕得禍，富驕益過，咎自於己。", "thesisTrad": "貴驕得禍，富驕益過，咎自於己。", "noteIds": [ "c035" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "贵骄得祸，富骄益过，咎自于己。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "滿而不溢所以長守富，高而不危所以長守貴。", "thesisTrad": "滿而不溢所以長守富，高而不危所以長守貴。", "noteIds": [ "c036" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "满而不溢所以长守富，高而不危所以长守贵。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "日中則移，月滿則虧，功成者去。", "thesisTrad": "日中則移，月滿則虧，功成者去。", "noteIds": [ "c038" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "日中则移，月满则亏，功成者去。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "富貴相須，驕盈則不保其富貴。", "thesisTrad": "富貴相須，驕盈則不保其富貴。", "noteIds": [ "c040" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "富贵相须，骄盈则不保其富贵。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "身死財散，位極人臣而驕泰取禍。", "thesisTrad": "身死財散，位極人臣而驕泰取禍。", "noteIds": [ "c041" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "身死财散，位极人臣而骄泰取祸。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "多藏厚亡，未能驕物先自遺咎。", "thesisTrad": "多藏厚亡，未能驕物先自遺咎。", "noteIds": [ "c042" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "多藏厚亡，未能骄物先自遗咎。" }, "wangfuzhi": { "workType": "衍", "workTypeTrad": "衍", "thesis": "固當以不守守之。", "thesisTrad": "固當以不守守之。", "noteIds": [ "c043" ], "workTypeSimp": "衍", "thesisSimp": "固当以不守守之。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c003", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公以嗜欲傷神、財多累身說金玉滿堂。", "textTrad": "河上公以嗜欲傷神、財多累身說金玉滿堂。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公以嗜欲伤神、财多累身说金玉满堂。" }, { "noteId": "c004", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "河上公以富當賑貧、貴當憐賤，反自驕恣必被禍害。", "textTrad": "河上公以富當賑貧、貴當憐賤，反自驕恣必被禍害。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "河上公以富当赈贫、贵当怜贱，反自骄恣必被祸害。" }, { "noteId": "c008", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "王弼以「不若其已」釋金玉滿堂。", "textTrad": "王弼以「不若其已」釋金玉滿堂。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "王弼以「不若其已」释金玉满堂。" }, { "noteId": "c009", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "王弼以「不可長保」釋富貴而驕。", "textTrad": "王弼以「不可長保」釋富貴而驕。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "王弼以「不可长保」释富贵而骄。" }, { "noteId": "c013", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英以欲甚神倦、積不能散必招巨盜。", "textTrad": "成玄英以欲甚神倦、積不能散必招巨盜。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英以欲甚神倦、积不能散必招巨盗。" }, { "noteId": "c014", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英以處富貴不能謙遜，自致危亡。", "textTrad": "成玄英以處富貴不能謙遜，自致危亡。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英以处富贵不能谦逊，自致危亡。" }, { "noteId": "c018", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "唐玄宗御注以盈難久持釋金玉滿堂。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗御注以盈難久持釋金玉滿堂。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "唐玄宗御注以盈难久持释金玉满堂。" }, { "noteId": "c019", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "御注以銳不可揣、驕由心生，故咎非他與。", "textTrad": "御注以銳不可揣、驕由心生，故咎非他與。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "御注以锐不可揣、骄由心生，故咎非他与。" }, { "noteId": "c023", "relation": "御疏", "relationTrad": "御疏", "text": "御疏以象齒焚身、致寇之憂說不能守。", "textTrad": "御疏以象齒焚身、致寇之憂說不能守。", "relationSimp": "御疏", "textSimp": "御疏以象齿焚身、致寇之忧说不能守。" }, { "noteId": "c024", "relation": "御疏", "relationTrad": "御疏", "text": "御疏以富則人求、貴則人下，驕奢致殃。", "textTrad": "御疏以富則人求、貴則人下，驕奢致殃。", "relationSimp": "御疏", "textSimp": "御疏以富则人求、贵则人下，骄奢致殃。" }, { "noteId": "c028", "relation": "指歸", "relationTrad": "指歸", "text": "嚴遵以名勢為神之穢、財利為身之害。", "textTrad": "嚴遵以名勢為神之穢、財利為身之害。", "relationSimp": "指归", "textSimp": "严遵以名势为神之秽、财利为身之害。" }, { "noteId": "c029", "relation": "指歸", "relationTrad": "指歸", "text": "嚴遵以富貴而驕如炬得火，明愈大而盡愈速。", "textTrad": "嚴遵以富貴而驕如炬得火，明愈大而盡愈速。", "relationSimp": "指归", "textSimp": "严遵以富贵而骄如炬得火，明愈大而尽愈速。" }, { "noteId": "c032", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮以金玉流行、水火盜賊難防，貪聚失理。", "textTrad": "李榮以金玉流行、水火盜賊難防，貪聚失理。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣以金玉流行、水火盗贼难防，贪聚失理。" }, { "noteId": "c033", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮以積貨乘貴，咎自內生。", "textTrad": "李榮以積貨乘貴，咎自內生。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣以积货乘贵，咎自内生。" }, { "noteId": "c035", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "陸希聲以貴驕得禍、富驕益過，咎自於己。", "textTrad": "陸希聲以貴驕得禍、富驕益過，咎自於己。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "陆希声以贵骄得祸、富骄益过，咎自于己。" }, { "noteId": "c036", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "呂惠卿以滿而不溢、高而不危為長守富貴之道。", "textTrad": "呂惠卿以滿而不溢、高而不危為長守富貴之道。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "吕惠卿以满而不溢、高而不危为长守富贵之道。" }, { "noteId": "c038", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "蘇轍以日中則移、月滿則虧、功成者去。", "textTrad": "蘇轍以日中則移、月滿則虧、功成者去。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "苏辙以日中则移、月满则亏、功成者去。" }, { "noteId": "c040", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄以富貴相須，驕盈則不保其富貴。", "textTrad": "吳澄以富貴相須，驕盈則不保其富貴。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄以富贵相须，骄盈则不保其富贵。" }, { "noteId": "c041", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "憨山以身死財散、驕泰取禍為說。", "textTrad": "憨山以身死財散、驕泰取禍為說。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "憨山以身死财散、骄泰取祸为说。" }, { "noteId": "c042", "relation": "本義", "relationTrad": "本義", "text": "魏源以多藏厚亡、先自遺咎為說。", "textTrad": "魏源以多藏厚亡、先自遺咎為說。", "relationSimp": "本义", "textSimp": "魏源以多藏厚亡、先自遗咎为说。" }, { "noteId": "c043", "relation": "衍", "relationTrad": "衍", "text": "王夫之以固當以不守守之。", "textTrad": "王夫之以固當以不守守之。", "relationSimp": "衍", "textSimp": "王夫之以固当以不守守之。" } ], "nameSimp": "满堂与骄盈", "questionSimp": "金玉满堂何以莫之能守？富贵而骄何以自遗其咎？", "introSimp": "第三、四句由物及人：金玉满堂而莫能守，富贵而骄则自遗其咎。河上公以嗜欲伤神、财多累身，富当赈贫、贵当怜贱，反自骄恣必被祸害；王弼以「不若其已」「不可长保」互文见义；成玄英以欲甚神倦、财富形劳，积不能散必招巨盗，处富贵应济物而不能谦逊，自致危亡；唐玄宗御注以盈难久持、锐不可揣，骄由心生故咎非他与，御疏以富则人求、贵则人下，骄奢致殃，因骄获咎；严遵以名势为神之秽、财利为身之害，富贵而骄犹炬得火，举明愈大而炬明愈尽；李荣以金玉流行、水火盗贼难防，贪聚失理、积散合道，积货乘贵，咎自内生；陆希声以贵骄得祸、富骄益过，咎自于己；吕惠卿以满而不溢所以长守富、高而不危所以长守贵；苏辙以日中则移、月满则亏、功成者去；吴澄以富贵相须，骄盈则不保其富贵；憨山以身死财散、位极人臣而骄泰取祸；魏源以多藏厚亡、未能骄物先自遗咎；王夫之以固当以不守守之。诸家于「守」与「咎」二字发挥最详。" }, { "id": "gongsuishentui", "name": "功遂身退", "nameTrad": "功遂身退", "question": "「功遂身退」何以是「天之道」？", "questionTrad": "「功遂身退」何以是「天之道」？", "intro": "末句以「功遂身退，天之道」收束。河上公以功成事立、名跡稱遂而不退身避位則遇害，譬日中則移、月滿則虧；王弼以四時更運、功成則移；成玄英以日中則昃、月滿則虧、極則反，功成名遂者須守分知足、謙柔靜退；唐玄宗御注以功成名遂當退身辭盛，亦如天道虛盈有時，御疏以滿招損、謙受益，當忘功與名、退身辭盛；李榮以陰陽遞代、物之恆理，貪榮不退必致危亡，舉二疏、四皓為證；陸希聲以功成不居、名遂不留、退身讓位，若四時寒暑代謝；呂惠卿以法天之道，無私而成其私，引封人告堯「退已」；蘇轍以四時之運、功成者去；吳澄以天之道虛而不盈，故四時之序成功者去，身退不盈則長保富貴；憨山以天道惡盈好謙，成功者退；魏源以四時之運成功者退，聖人成功而不有、名遂而不居；王夫之以跡、機、神三層說退，唯神者無所成而成、無所遂而遂。嚴遵於此句無專文。", "introTrad": "末句以「功遂身退，天之道」收束。河上公以功成事立、名跡稱遂而不退身避位則遇害，譬日中則移、月滿則虧；王弼以四時更運、功成則移；成玄英以日中則昃、月滿則虧、極則反，功成名遂者須守分知足、謙柔靜退；唐玄宗御注以功成名遂當退身辭盛，亦如天道虛盈有時，御疏以滿招損、謙受益，當忘功與名、退身辭盛；李榮以陰陽遞代、物之恆理，貪榮不退必致危亡，舉二疏、四皓為證；陸希聲以功成不居、名遂不留、退身讓位，若四時寒暑代謝；呂惠卿以法天之道，無私而成其私，引封人告堯「退已」；蘇轍以四時之運、功成者去；吳澄以天之道虛而不盈，故四時之序成功者去，身退不盈則長保富貴；憨山以天道惡盈好謙，成功者退；魏源以四時之運成功者退，聖人成功而不有、名遂而不居；王夫之以跡、機、神三層說退，唯神者無所成而成、無所遂而遂。嚴遵於此句無專文。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "功成事立而不退身避位則遇害，譬日中則移、月滿則虧。", "thesisTrad": "功成事立而不退身避位則遇害，譬日中則移、月滿則虧。", "noteIds": [ "c005" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "功成事立而不退身避位则遇害，譬日中则移、月满则亏。" }, "wangbi": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "四時更運，功成則移。", "thesisTrad": "四時更運，功成則移。", "noteIds": [ "c010" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "四时更运，功成则移。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "日中則昃，月滿則虧，極則反；當守分知足，謙柔靜退。", "thesisTrad": "日中則昃，月滿則虧，極則反；當守分知足，謙柔靜退。", "noteIds": [ "c015" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "日中则昃，月满则亏，极则反；当守分知足，谦柔静退。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "功成名遂當退身辭盛，如天道虛盈有時；忘功與名，退身辭盛。", "thesisTrad": "功成名遂當退身辭盛，如天道虛盈有時；忘功與名，退身辭盛。", "noteIds": [ "c020", "c025" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "功成名遂当退身辞盛，如天道虚盈有时；忘功与名，退身辞盛。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "陰陽遞代，物之恆理；貪榮不退必致危亡，二疏、四皓為證。", "thesisTrad": "陰陽遞代，物之恆理；貪榮不退必致危亡，二疏、四皓為證。", "noteIds": [ "c034" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "阴阳递代，物之恒理；贪荣不退必致危亡，二疏、四皓为证。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "功成不居，名遂不留，退身讓位，若四時寒暑代謝。", "thesisTrad": "功成不居，名遂不留，退身讓位，若四時寒暑代謝。", "noteIds": [ "c035" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "功成不居，名遂不留，退身让位，若四时寒暑代谢。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "法天之道，無私而成其私；封人告堯「退已」。", "thesisTrad": "法天之道，無私而成其私；封人告堯「退已」。", "noteIds": [ "c036" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "法天之道，无私而成其私；封人告尧「退已」。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "四時之運，功成者去。", "thesisTrad": "四時之運，功成者去。", "noteIds": [ "c038" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "四时之运，功成者去。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "天道虛而不盈，四時之序成功者去；身退不盈則長保富貴。", "thesisTrad": "天道虛而不盈，四時之序成功者去；身退不盈則長保富貴。", "noteIds": [ "c040" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "天道虚而不盈，四时之序成功者去；身退不盈则长保富贵。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "天道惡盈好謙，成功者退。", "thesisTrad": "天道惡盈好謙，成功者退。", "noteIds": [ "c041" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "天道恶盈好谦，成功者退。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "四時之運成功者退；聖人成功而不有、名遂而不居。", "thesisTrad": "四時之運成功者退；聖人成功而不有、名遂而不居。", "noteIds": [ "c042" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "四时之运成功者退；圣人成功而不有、名遂而不居。" }, "wangfuzhi": { "workType": "衍", "workTypeTrad": "衍", "thesis": "跡、機、神三層說退，唯神者無所成而成、無所遂而遂。", "thesisTrad": "跡、機、神三層說退，唯神者無所成而成、無所遂而遂。", "noteIds": [ "c043" ], "workTypeSimp": "衍", "thesisSimp": "迹、机、神三层说退，唯神者无所成而成、无所遂而遂。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c005", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公以不退身避位則遇害，譬日中則移、月滿則虧。", "textTrad": "河上公以不退身避位則遇害，譬日中則移、月滿則虧。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公以不退身避位则遇害，譬日中则移、月满则亏。" }, { "noteId": "c010", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "王弼以四時更運、功成則移說天道。", "textTrad": "王弼以四時更運、功成則移說天道。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "王弼以四时更运、功成则移说天道。" }, { "noteId": "c015", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英以日中則昃、月滿則虧，當守分知足、謙柔靜退。", "textTrad": "成玄英以日中則昃、月滿則虧，當守分知足、謙柔靜退。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英以日中则昃、月满则亏，当守分知足、谦柔静退。" }, { "noteId": "c020", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "唐玄宗御注以功成名遂當退身辭盛，如天道虛盈有時。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗御注以功成名遂當退身辭盛，如天道虛盈有時。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "唐玄宗御注以功成名遂当退身辞盛，如天道虚盈有时。" }, { "noteId": "c025", "relation": "御疏", "relationTrad": "御疏", "text": "御疏以滿招損、謙受益，當忘功與名、退身辭盛。", "textTrad": "御疏以滿招損、謙受益，當忘功與名、退身辭盛。", "relationSimp": "御疏", "textSimp": "御疏以满招损、谦受益，当忘功与名、退身辞盛。" }, { "noteId": "c034", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮以陰陽遞代、貪榮不退必致危亡，舉二疏、四皓。", "textTrad": "李榮以陰陽遞代、貪榮不退必致危亡，舉二疏、四皓。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣以阴阳递代、贪荣不退必致危亡，举二疏、四皓。" }, { "noteId": "c035", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "陸希聲以功成不居、名遂不留、退身讓位。", "textTrad": "陸希聲以功成不居、名遂不留、退身讓位。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "陆希声以功成不居、名遂不留、退身让位。" }, { "noteId": "c036", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "呂惠卿以法天之道、無私成其私，引封人告堯。", "textTrad": "呂惠卿以法天之道、無私成其私，引封人告堯。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "吕惠卿以法天之道、无私成其私，引封人告尧。" }, { "noteId": "c038", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "蘇轍以四時之運、功成者去。", "textTrad": "蘇轍以四時之運、功成者去。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "苏辙以四时之运、功成者去。" }, { "noteId": "c040", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄以天道虛而不盈，身退不盈則長保富貴。", "textTrad": "吳澄以天道虛而不盈，身退不盈則長保富貴。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄以天道虚而不盈，身退不盈则长保富贵。" }, { "noteId": "c041", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "憨山以天道惡盈好謙、成功者退。", "textTrad": "憨山以天道惡盈好謙、成功者退。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "憨山以天道恶盈好谦、成功者退。" }, { "noteId": "c042", "relation": "本義", "relationTrad": "本義", "text": "魏源以四時之運成功者退，聖人成功而不有、名遂而不居。", "textTrad": "魏源以四時之運成功者退，聖人成功而不有、名遂而不居。", "relationSimp": "本义", "textSimp": "魏源以四时之运成功者退，圣人成功而不有、名遂而不居。" }, { "noteId": "c043", "relation": "衍", "relationTrad": "衍", "text": "王夫之以跡、機、神三層說退，唯神者無所成而成。", "textTrad": "王夫之以跡、機、神三層說退，唯神者無所成而成。", "relationSimp": "衍", "textSimp": "王夫之以迹、机、神三层说退，唯神者无所成而成。" } ], "nameSimp": "功遂身退", "questionSimp": "「功遂身退」何以是「天之道」？", "introSimp": "末句以「功遂身退，天之道」收束。河上公以功成事立、名迹称遂而不退身避位则遇害，譬日中则移、月满则亏；王弼以四时更运、功成则移；成玄英以日中则昃、月满则亏、极则反，功成名遂者须守分知足、谦柔静退；唐玄宗御注以功成名遂当退身辞盛，亦如天道虚盈有时，御疏以满招损、谦受益，当忘功与名、退身辞盛；李荣以阴阳递代、物之恒理，贪荣不退必致危亡，举二疏、四皓为证；陆希声以功成不居、名遂不留、退身让位，若四时寒暑代谢；吕惠卿以法天之道，无私而成其私，引封人告尧「退已」；苏辙以四时之运、功成者去；吴澄以天之道虚而不盈，故四时之序成功者去，身退不盈则长保富贵；憨山以天道恶盈好谦，成功者退；魏源以四时之运成功者退，圣人成功而不有、名遂而不居；王夫之以迹、机、神三层说退，唯神者无所成而成、无所遂而遂。严遵于此句无专文。" } ], "requiredSources": [ "heshanggong", "chengxuanying", "tangxuanzong" ] }, "schema": "librebook.chapter/1", "generatedAt": "2026-10-30T11:41:46.843Z", "keyPrefix": "laozi-09", "idRules": { "chapter": "章节目录名（slug），如 01；URL 为 /laozi/01/。", "sentence": "章内局部编号 sNNN，全篇引用使用 laozi-01:sNNN；页面锚点继续使用 #sNNN。", "commentary": "章内注号 cNNN，字词注 nNNN，校记 kNNN；编号在章内稳定，跨章引用时加章节前缀。", "paragraph": "章内段落号 pNNN，与 sentence.paragraph 对应。" }, "book": { "id": "laozi", "slug": "laozi", "title": "老子", "titleSimp": "老子", "author": "老聃", "authorSimp": "老聃", "era": "春秋", "eraSimp": "春秋", "editor": "河上公、王弼等", "editorSimp": "河上公、王弼等", "edition": "王弼《老子注》", "editionSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "baseLabel": "王弼《老子注》", "baseLabelSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "separationLabel": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英義疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、嚴遵指歸、李榮注、陸希聲傳、呂惠卿傳、蘇轍老子解、吳澄道德真經注、憨山道德經解、魏源老子本義、俞樾平議、王夫之老子衍十四家", "separationLabelSimp": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英义疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、严遵指归、李荣注、陆希声传、吕惠卿传、苏辙老子解、吴澄道德真经注、憨山道德经解、魏源老子本义、俞樾平议、王夫之老子衍十四家", "intro": "《老子》八十一章，分道經、德經。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》為底本，逐章整理正文、舊注、今譯與校記；第一至八十一章已上線，全帙完竣。", "introSimp": "《老子》八十一章，分道经、德经。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》为底本，逐章整理正文、旧注、今译与校记；第一至八十一章已上线，全帙完竣。" }, "volume": { "id": "daojing", "order": 1, "title": "道經", "titleSimp": "道经" }, "chapter": { "id": "laozi-09", "slug": "09", "order": 9, "title": "第九章", "titleSimp": "第九章", "status": "published", "revision": "初校", "review": "待复核", "updated": "2026-10-29", "summary": "以「持而盈之，不如其已」開篇，次戒「揣而銳之，不可長保」，轉言金玉滿堂莫之能守、富貴而驕自遺其咎，末以「功遂身退，天之道」收束；附河上公、王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、嚴遵、李榮、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之十三家注疏，王弼本作「揣而銳之」「功遂身退」，蘇轍本作「不如長保」、魏源本作「金玉滿室」，異文並見校記。", "summarySimp": "以「持而盈之，不如其已」开篇，次戒「揣而锐之，不可长保」，转言金玉满堂莫之能守、富贵而骄自遗其咎，末以「功遂身退，天之道」收束；附河上公、王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、严遵、李荣、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之十三家注疏，王弼本作「揣而锐之」「功遂身退」，苏辙本作「不如长保」、魏源本作「金玉满室」，异文并见校记。", "dataFile": "data/chapters/laozi-09.json", "relationsFile": "data/commentary-relations-laozi-09.json", "url": "/laozi/09/", "orderLabel": "第九", "volumeId": "daojing", "part": "道經", "partSimp": "道经" }, "paragraphs": [ { "id": "p001", "no": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001", "s002", "s003", "s004", "s005" ], "count": 5 } ], "coverage": { "sentences": 5, "paragraphs": 1, "notes": { "covered": 5, "total": 5, "percent": 100 }, "charNotes": { "covered": 5, "total": 5, "percent": 100 }, "collations": { "covered": 5, "total": 5, "percent": 100, "count": 6 }, "translations": { "covered": 5, "total": 5, "percent": 100 } } }