{ "meta": { "book": { "id": "laozi", "title": "老子", "titleSimp": "老子", "author": "老聃", "authorSimp": "老聃", "era": "春秋", "eraSimp": "春秋", "editor": "河上公、王弼等", "editorSimp": "河上公、王弼等", "edition": "王弼《老子注》", "editionSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "slug": "laozi", "baseLabel": "王弼《老子注》", "baseLabelSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "separationLabel": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英義疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、嚴遵指歸、李榮注、陸希聲傳、呂惠卿傳、蘇轍老子解、吳澄道德真經注、憨山道德經解、魏源老子本義、俞樾平議、王夫之老子衍十四家", "separationLabelSimp": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英义疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、严遵指归、李荣注、陆希声传、吕惠卿传、苏辙老子解、吴澄道德真经注、憨山道德经解、魏源老子本义、俞樾平议、王夫之老子衍十四家", "intro": "《老子》八十一章，分道經、德經。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》為底本，逐章整理正文、舊注、今譯與校記；第一至八十一章已上線，全帙完竣。", "introSimp": "《老子》八十一章，分道经、德经。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》为底本，逐章整理正文、旧注、今译与校记；第一至八十一章已上线，全帙完竣。" }, "chapter": { "id": "laozi-11", "no": 11, "part": "道經", "partSimp": "道经", "title": "第十一章", "titleSimp": "第十一章", "intro": "《老子》第十一章，河上公題「無用」，唐玄宗題「三十輻章」。全章四句：前三句以車轂、陶器、室屋為喻，反覆申明「當其無」而後有其用；末句總收為「有之以為利，無之以為用」。本站以王弼《老子注》為底本，分列河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英義疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、李榮注、陸希聲傳、呂惠卿傳、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》與王夫之《老子衍》，並附編者今譯。嚴遵《指歸》道經原卷缺卷一至六，此章無存文，故僅十二家；李榮於首句無專文，王弼於第二、三句無注，唐玄宗御疏首句亦無存文。分章則河上公、王弼本以此章為第十一章，吳澄、魏源因合上章於前，以此章為第十章。", "introSimp": "《老子》第十一章，河上公题「无用」，唐玄宗题「三十辐章」。全章四句：前三句以车毂、陶器、室屋为喻，反复申明「当其无」而后有其用；末句总收为「有之以为利，无之以为用」。本站以王弼《老子注》为底本，分列河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英义疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、李荣注、陆希声传、吕惠卿传、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》与王夫之《老子衍》，并附编者今译。严遵《指归》道经原卷缺卷一至六，此章无存文，故仅十二家；李荣于首句无专文，王弼于第二、三句无注，唐玄宗御疏首句亦无存文。分章则河上公、王弼本以此章为第十一章，吴澄、魏源因合上章于前，以此章为第十章。", "guide": "點擊任一句可展開句注；點擊字詞可看本句訓釋；按「諸家並觀」可將同一句的十二家舊注並列對讀。", "guideSimp": "点击任一句可展开句注；点击字词可看本句训释；按「诸家并观」可将同一句的十二家旧注并列对读。", "slug": "11", "order": 11, "status": "published", "revision": "初校", "review": "待复核", "updated": "2026-10-29", "summary": "以「三十輻共一轂，當其無，有車之用」三喻起筆，末以「有之以為利，無之以為用」總收；附河上公、王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之十二家注疏，嚴遵道經原卷缺佚、此章無存文，陸希聲底本「蜒埴」據諸本校正，「當其無」句讀與「有體利無」異文並見校記。", "summarySimp": "以「三十辐共一毂，当其无，有车之用」三喻起笔，末以「有之以为利，无之以为用」总收；附河上公、王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、李荣、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之十二家注疏，严遵道经原卷缺佚、此章无存文，陆希声底本「蜒埴」据诸本校正，「当其无」句读与「有体利无」异文并见校记。", "dataFile": "data/chapters/laozi-11.json", "relationsFile": "data/commentary-relations-laozi-11.json", "url": "/laozi/11/", "volumeId": "daojing", "volumeTitle": "道經", "volumeTitleSimp": "道经", "orderLabel": "第十一" }, "edition": { "base": "王弼《老子注》", "baseEdition": "王弼《老子注》通行本", "separation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德真經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》、王夫之《老子衍》諸本對校；陸希聲、呂惠卿二家據《道藏》本，參焦竑《老子翼》所輯", "punctuation": "數字轉錄所附現代標點，本站僅作閱讀輔助，尚未逐字復核原刻", "digital": "中華典藏網、識典古籍、大道家園公開轉錄、Kanripo 漢籍全文資料庫（僅作文字底本）", "caution": "嚴遵《指歸》道經原卷缺卷一至六，此章無存文，故本章不列嚴遵；李榮注據《玄德纂疏》所引輯錄，首句無專文；唐玄宗御疏此章首句不見於《玄德纂疏》所引，姑闕。河上公注數字底本「輪得轉行」訛作「輸得轉行」，「形，用也」訛作「利形於用」，據《玄德纂疏》所引及文義校正。成玄英疏「有籍」當作「有藉」，「叉須」當作「必須」，「成．」為衍文；李榮注「不以難乎」疑當作「不亦難乎」，姑仍其舊。陸希聲傳「蜒埴」為「埏埴」之訛，據諸本校正；魏源本引吳澄「空以居人」當作「室以居人」。", "baseSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "baseEditionSimp": "王弼《老子注》通行本", 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"以情性說《老》；此章以道器、有無立說，謂車象天、室象地，利常在空虛，埏埴資水火而後利用，猶聖人本道德而後教化。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "陆希声传", "workSimp": "道德经传", "authorSimp": "陆希声", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "？–895", "descSimp": "以情性说《老》；此章以道器、有无立说，谓车象天、室象地，利常在空虚，埏埴资水火而后利用，犹圣人本道德而后教化。", "shortSimp": "陆传" }, { "id": "lvhuiqing", "name": "呂惠卿傳", "short": "呂傳", "author": "呂惠卿", "work": "道德真經傳", "era": "北宋", "years": "1032–1111", "color": "#7a6a4a", "desc": "北宋新學一系；此章以車、器、室皆吾所乘用居，其用未嘗不在無；末以聖人入無有物、出未嘗無物，有無合一為說。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "吕惠卿传", "workSimp": "道德真经传", "authorSimp": "吕惠卿", "eraSimp": "北宋", "yearsSimp": "1032–1111", "descSimp": "北宋新学一系；此章以车、器、室皆吾所乘用居，其用未尝不在无；末以圣人入无有物、出未尝无物，有无合一为说。", "shortSimp": "吕传" }, { "id": "suzhe", "name": "蘇轍老子解", "short": "蘇解", "author": "蘇轍", "work": "老子解", "era": "北宋", "years": "1039–1112", "color": "#4a6a6a", "desc": "以形名言道；此章謂器之用常在無有中，非有則無以致其用，非無則有以施其利；聖人常無常有、觀妙觀徼，知二者為一。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "苏辙老子解", "workSimp": "老子解", "authorSimp": "苏辙", "eraSimp": "北宋", "yearsSimp": "1039–1112", "descSimp": "以形名言道；此章谓器之用常在无有中，非有则无以致其用，非无则有以施其利；圣人常无常有、观妙观徼，知二者为一。", "shortSimp": "苏解" }, { "id": "wucheng", "name": "吳澄道德真經注", "short": "吳注", "author": "吳澄", "work": "道德真經注", "era": "元", "years": "1249–1333", "color": "#5a6a3a", "desc": "元代朱學大家；此章以輻轂、埏埴、戶牖訓詁入，謂車器室皆利在有、用在空中，末以實腹有氣為利、虛心無物為用。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "吴澄道德真经注", "workSimp": "道德真经注", "authorSimp": "吴澄", "eraSimp": "元", "yearsSimp": "1249–1333", "descSimp": "元代朱学大家；此章以辐毂、埏埴、户牖训诂入，谓车器室皆利在有、用在空中，末以实腹有气为利、虚心无物为用。", "shortSimp": "吴注" }, { "id": "hanshan", "name": "憨山道德經解", "short": "憨山", "author": "釋德清", "work": "道德經解", "era": "明", "years": "1546–1623", "color": "#705a4a", "desc": "晚明高僧；此章以有用之用與無用之用對說，謂用在轂中一竅、器中虛、室中空，無不能自用、須賴有以濟，末歸即有觀無、雖有而不有。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "憨山道德经解", "workSimp": "道德经解", "authorSimp": "释德清", "eraSimp": "明", "yearsSimp": "1546–1623", "descSimp": "晚明高僧；此章以有用之用与无用之用对说，谓用在毂中一窍、器中虚、室中空，无不能自用、须赖有以济，末归即有观无、虽有而不有。", "shortSimp": "憨山" }, { "id": "weiyuan", "name": "魏源老子本義", "short": "魏本義", "author": "魏源", "work": 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"当代", "yearsSimp": "", "descSimp": "编者据旧注与上下文所作语体今译，供阅读参照。", "shortSimp": "今译" } ], "sentences": [ { "id": "s001", "paragraph": 1, "text": "三十輻共一轂，當其無，有車之用。", "textSimp": "三十辐共一毂，当其无，有车之用。", "translation": "三十根辐条共聚一毂，正因为毂中空虚，才有车的作用。", "translationTrad": "三十根輻條共聚一轂，正因為轂中空虛，才有車的作用。", "noteIds": [ "c001", "c005", "c007", "c011", "c021", "c022", "c023", "c024", "c025", "c026", "c027" ], "noteCount": 11, "charNoteIds": [ "n001", "n002", "n003" ], "key": "laozi-11:s001", "n": 1 }, { "id": "s002", "paragraph": 1, "text": "埏埴以為器，當其無，有器之用。", "textSimp": "埏埴以为器，当其无，有器之用。", "translation": "揉和黏土制成器皿，正因为器中空虚，才有器皿的作用。", "translationTrad": "揉和黏土製成器皿，正因為器中空虛，才有器皿的作用。", "noteIds": [ "c002", "c008", "c012", "c015", "c018", "c021", "c022", "c023", "c024", "c025", "c026", "c027" ], "noteCount": 12, "charNoteIds": [ "n004", "n005" ], "key": "laozi-11:s002", "n": 2 }, { "id": "s003", "paragraph": 1, "text": "鑿戶牖以為室，當其無，有室之用。", "textSimp": "凿户牖以为室，当其无，有室之用。", "translation": "开凿门窗建成房室，正因为室中空虚，才有房屋的作用。", "translationTrad": "開鑿門窗建成房室，正因為室中空虛，才有房屋的作用。", "noteIds": [ "c003", "c009", "c013", "c016", "c019", "c021", "c022", "c023", "c024", "c025", "c026", "c027" ], "noteCount": 12, "charNoteIds": [ "n006" ], "key": "laozi-11:s003", "n": 3 }, { "id": "s004", "paragraph": 1, "text": "故有之以為利，無之以為用。", "textSimp": "故有之以为利，无之以为用。", "translation": "所以「有」给人便利，「无」发挥作用。", "translationTrad": "所以「有」給人便利，「無」發揮作用。", "noteIds": [ "c004", "c006", "c010", "c014", "c017", "c020", "c021", "c022", "c023", "c024", "c025", "c026", "c027" ], "noteCount": 13, "charNoteIds": [ "n007", "n008" ], "key": "laozi-11:s004", "n": 4 } ], "commentaries": [ { "id": "c001", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "三十輻共一轂，當其無，有車之用", "kind": "note", "text": "古者車三十輻，法月數也。共一轂者，中有孔，故眾輻湊之。治身者當除情去欲，使五藏空虛，神乃歸之。無為空虛。轂中空虛，輪得轉行；輿中空虛，人得載其上。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "textSimp": "古者车三十辐，法月数也。共一毂者，中有孔，故众辐凑之。治身者当除情去欲，使五藏空虚，神乃归之。无为空虚。毂中空虚，轮得转行；舆中空虚，人得载其上。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》", "lemmaSimp": "三十辐共一毂，当其无，有车之用" }, { "id": "c002", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "埏埴以為器，當其無，有器之用", "kind": "note", "text": "埏，和也。埴，土也。和土以為飲食之器。器中空虛，故有所受。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "textSimp": "埏，和也。埴，土也。和土以为饮食之器。器中空虚，故有所受。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》", "lemmaSimp": "埏埴以为器，当其无，有器之用" }, { "id": "c003", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "鑿戶牖以為室，當其無，有室之用", "kind": "note", "text": "謂作室屋。戶牖空虛，人得以出入；室中空虛，人得以居處。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "textSimp": "谓作室屋。户牖空虚，人得以出入；室中空虚，人得以居处。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》", "lemmaSimp": "凿户牖以为室，当其无，有室之用" }, { "id": "c004", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "故有之以為利，無之以為用", "kind": "note", "text": "利，物也；形，用也。器中有物，室中有人，恐其屋破壞；腹中有神，畏其形之消亡也。言虛空者乃可感受萬物，故曰虛無能制有形。道者，虛空也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "textSimp": "利，物也；形，用也。器中有物，室中有人，恐其屋破坏；腹中有神，畏其形之消亡也。言虚空者乃可感受万物，故曰虚无能制有形。道者，虚空也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》", "lemmaSimp": "故有之以为利，无之以为用" }, { "id": "c005", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "三十輻共一轂，當其無，有車之用", "kind": "note", "text": "轂所以能統三十輻者，無也。以其無能受物之故，故能以實統眾也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》", "textSimp": "毂所以能统三十辐者，无也。以其无能受物之故，故能以实统众也。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》", "lemmaSimp": "三十辐共一毂，当其无，有车之用" }, { "id": "c006", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "故有之以為利，無之以為用", "kind": "note", "text": "木、埴、壁所以成三者，而皆以無為用也。言無者，有之所以為利，皆賴無以為用也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》", "textSimp": "木、埴、壁所以成三者，而皆以无为用也。言无者，有之所以为利，皆赖无以为用也。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》", "lemmaSimp": "故有之以为利，无之以为用" }, { "id": "c007", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "三十輻共一轂，當其無，有車之用", "kind": "note", "text": "《周禮·考工記》云：三十輻象三十日，以成一月也。當其無者，箱轂內空也，只為空能容物，故有車用。況學人心空，故能運載蒼生也。又車是假名，諸緣和合而成，此車細析推尋，遍體虛幻，況一切諸法，亦復如是。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》", "textSimp": "《周礼·考工记》云：三十辐象三十日，以成一月也。当其无者，箱毂内空也，只为空能容物，故有车用。况学人心空，故能运载苍生也。又车是假名，诸缘和合而成，此车细析推寻，遍体虚幻，况一切诸法，亦复如是。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》", "lemmaSimp": "三十辐共一毂，当其无，有车之用" }, { "id": "c008", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "埏埴以為器，當其無，有器之用", "kind": "note", "text": "《考工記》云：埏，和也；埴，黏土也。和黏水土，燒以成器，器中空無，故得盛受。以況學人心空，故能容物。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》", "textSimp": "《考工记》云：埏，和也；埴，黏土也。和黏水土，烧以成器，器中空无，故得盛受。以况学人心空，故能容物。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》", "lemmaSimp": "埏埴以为器，当其无，有器之用" }, { "id": "c009", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "鑿戶牖以為室，當其無，有室之用", "kind": "note", "text": "穿鑿戶牖，以為屋室，室中空無，故得居處。況學人心空，故能覆物。又穿鑿戶牖，通人往來，況根竅虛通，故能用而無染。車等三物，其義相類，所以重出者，車則動而不靜，室則靜而不動，器則亦動亦靜，有此三異，故重出之。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》", "textSimp": "穿凿户牖，以为屋室，室中空无，故得居处。况学人心空，故能覆物。又穿凿户牖，通人往来，况根窍虚通，故能用而无染。车等三物，其义相类，所以重出者，车则动而不静，室则静而不动，器则亦动亦静，有此三异，故重出之。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》", "lemmaSimp": "凿户牖以为室，当其无，有室之用" }, { "id": "c010", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "故有之以為利，無之以為用", "kind": "note", "text": "無賴有為利，有藉無為用，二法相假，故成車等也。言學人必須以有資空，以空導有，有無資導，心不偏溺，故成學人之利用。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》", "textSimp": "无赖有为利，有藉无为用，二法相假，故成车等也。言学人必须以有资空，以空导有，有无资导，心不偏溺，故成学人之利用。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》", "lemmaSimp": "故有之以为利，无之以为用" }, { "id": "c011", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "三十輻共一轂，當其無，有車之用", "kind": "note", "text": "此明有無功用，相資而立。三十輻者，明造車也；共一轂者，因言少總眾。夫轅箱之有，共則成車；車中空無，乃可運用。若無轅箱之有，亦無所用之車；車中若不空無，則轅箱之有皆為棄物。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "textSimp": "此明有无功用，相资而立。三十辐者，明造车也；共一毂者，因言少总众。夫辕箱之有，共则成车；车中空无，乃可运用。若无辕箱之有，亦无所用之车；车中若不空无，则辕箱之有皆为弃物。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》", "lemmaSimp": "三十辐共一毂，当其无，有车之用" }, { "id": "c012", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "埏埴以為器，當其無，有器之用", "kind": "note", "text": "埏，和也；埴，土也。陶匠和土，為瓦缶之器。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "textSimp": "埏，和也；埴，土也。陶匠和土，为瓦缶之器。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》", "lemmaSimp": "埏埴以为器，当其无，有器之用" }, { "id": "c013", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "鑿戶牖以為室，當其無，有室之用", "kind": "note", "text": "古者陶穴以為室宇，亦開戶牖，故云鑿爾。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "textSimp": "古者陶穴以为室宇，亦开户牖，故云凿尔。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》", "lemmaSimp": "凿户牖以为室，当其无，有室之用" }, { "id": "c014", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "故有之以為利，無之以為用", "kind": "note", "text": "有體利無，以無為利；無體用有，以有為用。且形而上者曰道，形而下者曰器。將明至道之用，約形質以彰，故借粗有之利無，以明妙無之用有爾。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "textSimp": "有体利无，以无为利；无体用有，以有为用。且形而上者曰道，形而下者曰器。将明至道之用，约形质以彰，故借粗有之利无，以明妙无之用有尔。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》", "lemmaSimp": "故有之以为利，无之以为用" }, { "id": "c015", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "埏埴以為器，當其無，有器之用", "kind": "shu", "text": "埏埴，黏土也。注云陶匠者，《尚書》云：範土曰陶。此言陶匠範和黏土，燒成瓦器，亦取其中空虛，以用盛受物也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "textSimp": "埏埴，黏土也。注云陶匠者，《尚书》云：范土曰陶。此言陶匠范和黏土，烧成瓦器，亦取其中空虚，以用盛受物也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》", "lemmaSimp": "埏埴以为器，当其无，有器之用" }, { "id": "c016", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "鑿戶牖以為室，當其無，有室之用", "kind": "shu", "text": "鑿，穿也。門旁窗謂之牖。古者穴居，故《詩》云：陶復陶穴，謂穿鑿穴中之土以復覆其上，故云鑿耳。後代聖人易之以宮室，取其室中空虛，所以人得居處。《莊子》曰：室無空虛，則婦姑勃蹊。勃蹊，謂爭路也。《爾雅》云：宮謂之室。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "textSimp": "凿，穿也。门旁窗谓之牖。古者穴居，故《诗》云：陶复陶穴，谓穿凿穴中之土以复覆其上，故云凿耳。后代圣人易之以宫室，取其室中空虚，所以人得居处。《庄子》曰：室无空虚，则妇姑勃蹊。勃蹊，谓争路也。《尔雅》云：宫谓之室。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》", "lemmaSimp": "凿户牖以为室，当其无，有室之用" }, { "id": "c017", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "故有之以為利，無之以為用", "kind": "shu", "text": "故有之以為利，無之以為用。有之所利，利必資無，故有以無為利也；無之所用，用於體，體必資有，故無以有為用也。注云：形而上者曰道，形而下者曰器，《易·系辭》文也。自無則稱道，涉有則稱器，欲明道用，必約形器以彰，雖借喻於三翻，終用無於一政耳。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "textSimp": "故有之以为利，无之以为用。有之所利，利必资无，故有以无为利也；无之所用，用于体，体必资有，故无以有为用也。注云：形而上者曰道，形而下者曰器，《易·系辞》文也。自无则称道，涉有则称器，欲明道用，必约形器以彰，虽借喻于三翻，终用无于一政耳。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》", "lemmaSimp": "故有之以为利，无之以为用" }, { "id": "c018", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "埏埴以為器，當其無，有器之用", "kind": "note", "text": "作器必須和泥，泥調則器可用；修身理宜煉行，行潔則道可成。埏，和也；埴，土也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "作器必须和泥，泥调则器可用；修身理宜炼行，行洁则道可成。埏，和也；埴，土也。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "lemmaSimp": "埏埴以为器，当其无，有器之用" }, { "id": "c019", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "鑿戶牖以為室，當其無，有室之用", "kind": "note", "text": "為室內不空虛，外無戶牖，其為用不以難乎？為道內既暗昧，外復聾瞽，以此求道，理非易乎？室開戶牖，有用也；人生慧解，道成之。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "为室内不空虚，外无户牖，其为用不以难乎？为道内既暗昧，外复聋瞽，以此求道，理非易乎？室开户牖，有用也；人生慧解，道成之。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "lemmaSimp": "凿户牖以为室，当其无，有室之用" }, { "id": "c020", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "故有之以為利，無之以為用", "kind": "note", "text": "單有而無無，有不得為利；單無而無有，無不得為用。明有因無以為利，無因有以為用。既識有無之相因，自知粗妙之相藉也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "单有而无，有不得为利；单无而无有，无不得为用。明有因无以为利，无因有以为用。既识有无之相因，自知粗妙之相藉也。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "lemmaSimp": "故有之以为利，无之以为用" }, { "id": "c021", "block": 0, "source": "luxisheng", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "第十一章", "kind": "note", "text": "夫形而上者謂之道，形而下者謂之器。道者以無為其用，器者以有為其利。然則有之所利利於無，無之所用用於有。故車有輻轂以象天，室有戶牖以象地，車室之所以全其利常在於空虛之處耳，豈非天地之間其猶橐籥之謂乎？至於埏埴以為器，實資於水火而後利用之理可得而言，猶聖人成器長必本於道德而後教化之術可得而行也。是以埏埴之器象之於人，處乎天地之間，以明道器之際也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "夫形而上者谓之道，形而下者谓之器。道者以无为其用，器者以有为其利。然则有之所利利于无，无之所用用于有。故车有辐毂以象天，室有户牖以象地，车室之所以全其利常在于空虚之处耳，岂非天地之间其犹橐籥之谓乎？至于埏埴以为器，实资于水火而后利用之理可得而言，犹圣人成器长必本于道德而后教化之术可得而行也。是以埏埴之器象之于人，处乎天地之间，以明道器之际也。", "citationFull": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "陆希声《道德经传》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "第十一章" }, { "id": "c022", "block": 0, "source": "lvhuiqing", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "第十一章", "kind": "note", "text": "三十輻共一轂，當其無，有車之用，車吾所乘也；埏埴以為器，當其無，有器之用，器吾所用也；鑿戶牖以為室，當其無，有室之用，室吾所居也。乘則觀乎車，用則觀乎器，居則觀乎室，其用未嘗不在於無，其則不遠矣。至於身，則不知吾之所以用者何耶？故有之以為利，無之以為用。有有之為利，而無無之為用，則所謂利者亦廢而不用矣；有無之為用，而無有之為利，則所謂用者亦害而不利矣。是故聖人入而未嘗有物也，所以為無之之用；出而未嘗無物也，所以為有之之利。故曰精義入神以致用也，利用安身以崇德也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "呂惠卿《道德真經傳》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "三十辐共一毂，当其无，有车之用，车吾所乘也；埏埴以为器，当其无，有器之用，器吾所用也；凿户牖以为室，当其无，有室之用，室吾所居也。乘则观乎车，用则观乎器，居则观乎室，其用未尝不在于无，其则不远矣。至于身，则不知吾之所以用者何耶？故有之以为利，无之以为用。有有之为利，而无之为用，则所谓利者亦废而不用矣；有无之为用，而无有之为利，则所谓用者亦害而不利矣。是故圣人入而未尝有物也，所以为无之之用；出而未尝无物也，所以为有之之利。故曰精义入神以致用也，利用安身以崇德也。", "citationFull": "呂惠卿《道德真經傳》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "吕惠卿《道德真经传》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "第十一章" }, { "id": "c023", "block": 0, "source": "suzhe", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "第十一章", "kind": "note", "text": "竭知盡物以為器，而器之用常在無有中。非有則無無以致其用，非無則有有以施其利。是以聖人常無以觀其妙，常有以觀其徼，知兩者之為一而不可分，則至矣。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "蘇轍《老子解》", "textSimp": "竭知尽物以为器，而器之用常在无有中。非有则无以致其用，非无则有有以施其利。是以圣人常无以观其妙，常有以观其徼，知两者之为一而不可分，则至矣。", "citationFull": "蘇轍《老子解》", "citationSimp": "苏辙《老子解》", "lemmaSimp": "第十一章" }, { "id": "c024", "block": 0, "source": "wucheng", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "第十一章", "kind": "note", "text": "輻，輪之轑也；轂，輪之心也；無，空虛之處也。埏，和土也；埴，土之黏膩者，為器謂以水和黏膩之土為陶器也。凡室之前，東戶西牖，戶以出入，牖以通明。車載重行遠，器物所貯藏，室人所寢處，故有此車、有此器、有此室，皆所以為天下利也，故曰有之以為利。然車非轂中空虛之處可以轉軸，則不可以行地；器非中間空虛之處可以容物，則不可以貯藏；室非戶牖空虛之處可以出入通明，則不可以寢處。車以轉軸者為用，器以容物者為用，室以出入通明者為用，皆在空虛之處，故曰無之以為用。人之實腹有氣所以存身，所謂為利也；虛心無物所以生氣，所謂為用也。故取三物為喻。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "吳澄《道德真經注》", "textSimp": "辐，轮之轑也；毂，轮之心也；无，空虚之处也。埏，和土也；埴，土之黏腻者，为器谓以水和黏腻之土为陶器也。凡室之前，东户西牖，户以出入，牖以通明。车载重行远，器物所贮藏，室人所寝处，故有此车、有此器、有此室，皆所以为天下利也，故曰有之以为利。然车非毂中空虚之处可以转轴，则不可以行地；器非中间空虚之处可以容物，则不可以贮藏；室非户牖空虚之处可以出入通明，则不可以寝处。车以转轴者为用，器以容物者为用，室以出入通明者为用，皆在空虚之处，故曰无之以为用。人之实腹有气所以存身，所谓为利也；虚心无物所以生气，所谓为用也。故取三物为喻。", "citationFull": "吳澄《道德真經注》", "citationSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》", "lemmaSimp": "第十一章" }, { "id": "c025", "block": 0, "source": "hanshan", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "第十一章", "kind": "note", "text": "此言向世人但知有用之用，而不知無用之用也。意謂人人皆知車轂有用，而不知用在轂中一竅；人人皆知器之有用，而不知用在器中之虛；人人皆知室之有用，而不知用在室中之空。以此為譬，譬如天地有形也，人皆知天地有用，而不知用在虛無大道；亦似人之有形，而人皆知人有用，而不知用在虛靈無相之心。是知有雖有用，而實用在無也。然無不能自用，須賴有以濟之。故曰有之以為利，無之以為用。利，猶濟也。老氏之學，要即有以觀無；若即有以觀無，則雖有而不有，是謂道妙。此其宗也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "釋德清《道德經解》", "textSimp": "此言向世人但知有用之用，而不知无用之用也。意谓人人皆知车毂有用，而不知用在毂中一窍；人人皆知器之有用，而不知用在器中之虚；人人皆知室之有用，而不知用在室中之空。以此为譬，譬如天地有形也，人皆知天地有用，而不知用在虚无大道；亦似人之有形，而人皆知人有用，而不知用在虚灵无相之心。是知有虽有用，而实用在无也。然无不能自用，须赖有以济之。故曰有之以为利，无之以为用。利，犹济也。老氏之学，要即有以观无；若即有以观无，则虽有而不有，是谓道妙。此其宗也。", "citationFull": "釋德清《道德經解》", "citationSimp": "释德清《道德经解》", "lemmaSimp": "第十一章" }, { "id": "c026", "block": 0, "source": "weiyuan", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "第十一章", "kind": "note", "text": "輻，輪之轑也；轂，眾輪所湊之心。《考工記》云：轂也者，所以為利轉也。利轉者，以無有為用也，正同斯旨。埏，和也；埴，黏土也。和水土而燒為匋也。凡室之前，東戶西牖，戶以出入，牖以通明也。無皆謂空虛之處也。吳氏澄曰：器以貯物，室以居人，車以載重致遠，皆所以為天下利。利在有也。然車以轉軸為用，器以容物為用，室以出入通明為用，皆在於空虛無礙之處。人之腹實而心虛，亦猶是也。呂氏惠卿曰：非有則無，無以致其用；非無則有，有以施其利。觀於車器居室，而其則不遠矣。至於身，則不知吾之所以為用者何邪？是故聖人入而未嘗有物，所以觀其妙；出而未嘗無物，所以觀其徼。故曰利用以安身，而入神以致用也。知兩者之合一而不可離，則至矣。薛氏蕙曰：章末雖並舉有無而言，顧其情意，則即有而明無之為貴也。蓋有之為利，人莫不知，而無之為用，則皆忽而不察，故借人所明數事以曉之。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "辐，轮之轑也；毂，众轮所凑之心。《考工记》云：毂也者，所以为利转也。利转者，以无有为用也，正同斯旨。埏，和也；埴，黏土也。和水土而烧为匋也。凡室之前，东户西牖，户以出入，牖以通明也。无皆谓空虚之处也。吴氏澄曰：器以贮物，室以居人，车以载重致远，皆所以为天下利。利在有也。然车以转轴为用，器以容物为用，室以出入通明为用，皆在于空虚无碍之处。人之腹实而心虚，亦犹是也。吕氏惠卿曰：非有则无，无以致其用；非无则有，有以施其利。观于车器居室，而其则不远矣。至于身，则不知吾之所以为用者何邪？是故圣人入而未尝有物，所以观其妙；出而未尝无物，所以观其徼。故曰利用以安身，而入神以致用也。知两者之合一而不可离，则至矣。薛氏蕙曰：章末虽并举有无而言，顾其情意，则即有而明无之为贵也。盖有之为利，人莫不知，而无之为用，则皆忽而不察，故借人所明数事以晓之。", "citationFull": "魏源《老子本義》", "citationSimp": "魏源《老子本义》", "lemmaSimp": "第十一章" }, { "id": "c027", "block": 0, "source": "wangfuzhi", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "第十一章", "kind": "evaluation", "text": "造有者，求其有也。孰知夫求其有者，所以保其無也？經營以有，而但為其無，豈樂無哉？無者，用之藏也。物立於我前，固非我之所得執矣；象數立於道前，而道不居之以自礙矣。陰凝陽融以為人，而沖氣俱其間；不倚於火，不倚於符者遇之。仁義剛柔以為教，而大樸俱其間；不倚於性，不倚於情者遇之。勝負得失以為變，而事會俱其間；不倚於治，不倚於亂者遇之。故避其堅，攻其瑕，去其名，就其實，俟之俄頃，而萬機合於一。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "王夫之《老子衍》", "textSimp": "造有者，求其有也。孰知夫求其有者，所以保其无也？经营以有，而但为其无，岂乐无哉？无者，用之藏也。物立于我前，固非我之所得执矣；象数立于道前，而道不居之以自碍矣。阴凝阳融以为人，而冲气俱其间；不倚于火，不倚于符者遇之。仁义刚柔以为教，而大朴俱其间；不倚于性，不倚于情者遇之。胜负得失以为变，而事会俱其间；不倚于治，不倚于乱者遇之。故避其坚，攻其瑕，去其名，就其实，俟之俄顷，而万机合于一。", "citationFull": "王夫之《老子衍》", "citationSimp": "王夫之《老子衍》", "lemmaSimp": "第十一章" } ], "charNotes": [ { "id": "n001", "sentenceId": "s001", "start": 2, "end": 3, "char": "輻", "charSimp": "辐", "startSimp": 2, "endSimp": 3, "pinyin": "fú", "gloss": "車輪中湊集於轂的直木條。", "glossSimp": "车轮中凑集于毂的直木条。", "general": "《考工記》謂輪輻三十，以象一月三十日；河上公注：「古者車三十輻，法月數也。」成玄英疏：「三十輻象三十日，以成一月也。」", "generalSimp": "《考工记》谓轮辐三十，以象一月三十日；河上公注：「古者车三十辐，法月数也。」成玄英疏：「三十辐象三十日，以成一月也。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏" ] }, { "id": "n002", "sentenceId": "s001", "start": 5, "end": 6, "char": "轂", "charSimp": "毂", "startSimp": 5, "endSimp": 6, "pinyin": "gǔ", "gloss": "車輪中心穿軸的圓木，中空以受軸。", "glossSimp": "车轮中心穿轴的圆木，中空以受轴。", "general": "河上公注：「共一轂者，中有孔，故眾輻湊之。」王弼注：「轂所以能統三十輻者，無也。」吳澄注：「轂，輪之心也。」", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「共一毂者，中有孔，故众辐凑之。」王弼注：「毂所以能统三十辐者，无也。」吴澄注：「毂，轮之心也。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "王弼注", "吳澄注" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "王弼注", "吴澄注" ] }, { "id": "n003", "sentenceId": "s001", "start": 7, "end": 10, "char": "當其無", "charSimp": "当其无", "startSimp": 7, "endSimp": 10, "pinyin": "dāng qí wú", "gloss": "正因為它中間空虛。無，指器物的空處。", "glossSimp": "正因为它中间空虚。无，指器物的空处。", "general": "河上公注：「無為空虛。轂中空虛，輪得轉行。」王弼注：「皆以無為用也。」唐玄宗御注：「車中空無，乃可運用。」", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「无为空虚。毂中空虚，轮得转行。」王弼注：「皆以无为用也。」唐玄宗御注：「车中空无，乃可运用。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "王弼注", "御注" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "王弼注", "御注" ] }, { "id": "n004", "sentenceId": "s002", "start": 0, "end": 2, "char": "埏埴", "charSimp": "埏埴", "startSimp": 0, "endSimp": 2, "pinyin": "shān zhí", "gloss": "揉和黏土。埏，和；埴，黏土。", "glossSimp": "揉和黏土。埏，和；埴，黏土。", "general": "河上公注：「埏，和也。埴，土也。」御疏：「埏埴，黏土也。」魏源注：「埏，和也；埴，黏土也。和水土而燒為匋也。」", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「埏，和也。埴，土也。」御疏：「埏埴，黏土也。」魏源注：「埏，和也；埴，黏土也。和水土而烧为匋也。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "御疏", "魏源注" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "御疏", "魏源注" ] }, { "id": "n005", "sentenceId": "s002", "start": 4, "end": 5, "char": "器", "charSimp": "器", "startSimp": 4, "endSimp": 5, "pinyin": "qì", "gloss": "器皿；此指陶器。", "glossSimp": "器皿；此指陶器。", "general": "河上公注：「和土以為飲食之器。器中空虛，故有所受。」成玄英疏：「器中空無，故得盛受。」", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「和土以为饮食之器。器中空虚，故有所受。」成玄英疏：「器中空无，故得盛受。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏" ] }, { "id": "n006", "sentenceId": "s003", "start": 1, "end": 3, "char": "戶牖", "charSimp": "户牖", "startSimp": 1, "endSimp": 3, "pinyin": "hù yǒu", "gloss": "門與窗。戶以出入，牖以通明。", "glossSimp": "门与窗。户以出入，牖以通明。", "general": "御疏：「鑿，穿也。門旁窗謂之牖。」吳澄注：「凡室之前，東戶西牖，戶以出入，牖以通明。」", "generalSimp": "御疏：「凿，穿也。门旁窗谓之牖。」吴澄注：「凡室之前，东户西牖，户以出入，牖以通明。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "御疏", "吳澄注" ], "refsSimp": [ "御疏", "吴澄注" ] }, { "id": "n007", "sentenceId": "s004", "start": 5, "end": 6, "char": "利", "charSimp": "利", "startSimp": 5, "endSimp": 6, "pinyin": "lì", "gloss": "便利、利益；此指器物之有用。", "glossSimp": "便利、利益；此指器物之有用。", "general": "河上公注：「利，物也；形，用也。」王弼注：「有之所以為利，皆賴無以為用也。」", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「利，物也；形，用也。」王弼注：「有之所以为利，皆赖无以为用也。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "王弼注" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "王弼注" ] }, { "id": "n008", "sentenceId": "s004", "start": 11, "end": 12, "char": "用", "charSimp": "用", "startSimp": 11, "endSimp": 12, "pinyin": "yòng", "gloss": "作用、功用；此指因空虛而能受物。", "glossSimp": "作用、功用；此指因空虚而能受物。", "general": "河上公注：「言虛空者乃可感受萬物，故曰虛無能制有形。」蘇轍注：「器之用常在無有中。」", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「言虚空者乃可感受万物，故曰虚无能制有形。」苏辙注：「器之用常在无有中。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "蘇轍注" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "苏辙注" ] } ], "glossary": { "輻": "車輪中湊集於轂的直木條。", "轂": "車輪中心穿軸的圓木，中空以受軸。", "當其無": "正因為它中間空虛。無，指器物的空處。", "埏埴": "揉和黏土。埏，和；埴，黏土。", "戶牖": "門與窗。戶以出入，牖以通明。", "有之以為利，無之以為用": "有提供便利，無發揮作用；有無相資。" }, "collations": [ { "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "章次", "text": "河上公題「無用第十一」，唐玄宗題「三十輻章第十一」，呂惠卿題「三十輻共一轂章第十一」，蘇轍題「三十輻章第十一」；吳澄、魏源合上章於前，此章在其本題為第十章。本站從通行分章。", "source": "河上公《老子道德經章句》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "河上公题「无用第十一」，唐玄宗题「三十辐章第十一」，吕惠卿题「三十辐共一毂章第十一」，苏辙题「三十辐章第十一」；吴澄、魏源合上章于前，此章在其本题为第十章。本站从通行分章。", "headwordSimp": "章次", "sourceSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、魏源《老子本义》", "id": "k001" }, { "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "當其無，有車之用", "text": "王弼本數字底本「當其無有車之用」連書，據文義於「無」下斷句；河上公、唐玄宗、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山、魏源諸本並以「當其無」為句。正文從諸本斷句。", "source": "王弼《老子道德經注》、河上公《老子道德經章句》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "王弼本数字底本「当其无有车之用」连书，据文义于「无」下断句；河上公、唐玄宗、苏辙、吴澄、憨山、魏源诸本并以「当其无」为句。正文从诸本断句。", "headwordSimp": "当其无，有车之用", "sourceSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》、河上公《老子道德经章句》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》", "id": "k002" }, { "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "埏埴", "text": "王弼、河上公、唐玄宗、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山、魏源諸本並作「埏埴」；陸希聲傳數字底本作「蜒埴」，據文義及諸本校正為「埏埴」。李榮注：「埏，和也；埴，土也。」", "source": "王弼《老子道德經注》、河上公《老子道德經章句》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "王弼、河上公、唐玄宗、苏辙、吴澄、憨山、魏源诸本并作「埏埴」；陆希声传数字底本作「蜒埴」，据文义及诸本校正为「埏埴」。李荣注：「埏，和也；埴，土也。」", "headwordSimp": "埏埴", "sourceSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》、河上公《老子道德经章句》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、李荣《道德真经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》", "id": "k003" }, { "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "有體利無", "text": "唐玄宗御注數字底本作「有體利無，以無為利；無體用有，以有為用」，《玄德纂疏》所引作「有體利無，以無為利。無用體者，以有為用」，文義小異，今從御注專本。", "source": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、《道德真經玄德纂疏》", "textSimp": "唐玄宗御注数字底本作「有体利无，以无为利；无体用有，以有为用」，《玄德纂疏》所引作「有体利无，以无为利。无用体者，以有为用」，文义小异，今从御注专本。", "headwordSimp": "有体利无", "sourceSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、《道德真经玄德纂疏》", "id": "k004" }, { "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "木、埴、壁", "text": "王弼注數字底本「木埴壁所以成三者」連書，據文義讀為「木、埴、壁所以成三者」，謂車、器、室三物皆以無為用。", "source": "王弼《老子道德經注》", "textSimp": "王弼注数字底本「木埴壁所以成三者」连书，据文义读为「木、埴、壁所以成三者」，谓车、器、室三物皆以无为用。", "headwordSimp": "木、埴、壁", "sourceSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》", "id": "k005" }, { "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "轂中空虛，輪得轉行", "text": "河上公注數字底本「輪」訛作「輸」，據《玄德纂疏》所引及文義校正；「利，物也；形，用也」底本訛作「利形於用」，據諸本及文義校正。", "source": "河上公《老子道德經章句》、《道德真經玄德纂疏》", "textSimp": "河上公注数字底本「轮」讹作「输」，据《玄德纂疏》所引及文义校正；「利，物也；形，用也」底本讹作「利形于用」，据诸本及文义校正。", "headwordSimp": "毂中空虚，轮得转行", "sourceSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》、《道德真经玄德纂疏》", "id": "k006" } ], "glossarySimp": { "辐": "车轮中凑集于毂的直木条。", "毂": "车轮中心穿轴的圆木，中空以受轴。", "当其无": "正因为它中间空虚。无，指器物的空处。", "埏埴": "揉和黏土。埏，和；埴，黏土。", "户牖": "门与窗。户以出入，牖以通明。", "有之以为利，无之以为用": "有提供便利，无发挥作用；有无相资。" }, "lexicon": { "note": "由构建脚本从字词注与常用字表生成，供义位词典和开放数据集使用；occurrence 统计按繁体与简体正文分别匹配后合并。", "entries": [ { "order": 1, "id": "n001", "noteId": "n001", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "輻", "headwordSimp": "辐", "pinyin": "fú", "gloss": "車輪中湊集於轂的直木條。", "glossSimp": "车轮中凑集于毂的直木条。", "general": "《考工記》謂輪輻三十，以象一月三十日；河上公注：「古者車三十輻，法月數也。」成玄英疏：「三十輻象三十日，以成一月也。」", "generalSimp": "《考工记》谓轮辐三十，以象一月三十日；河上公注：「古者车三十辐，法月数也。」成玄英疏：「三十辐象三十日，以成一月也。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏" ], "forms": [ { "form": "輻", "formSimp": "辐", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 2, "id": "n002", "noteId": "n002", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "轂", "headwordSimp": "毂", "pinyin": "gǔ", "gloss": "車輪中心穿軸的圓木，中空以受軸。", "glossSimp": "车轮中心穿轴的圆木，中空以受轴。", "general": "河上公注：「共一轂者，中有孔，故眾輻湊之。」王弼注：「轂所以能統三十輻者，無也。」吳澄注：「轂，輪之心也。」", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「共一毂者，中有孔，故众辐凑之。」王弼注：「毂所以能统三十辐者，无也。」吴澄注：「毂，轮之心也。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "王弼注", "吳澄注" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "王弼注", "吴澄注" ], "forms": [ { "form": "轂", "formSimp": "毂", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 3, "id": "n003", "noteId": "n003", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "當其無", "headwordSimp": "当其无", "pinyin": "dāng qí wú", "gloss": "正因為它中間空虛。無，指器物的空處。", "glossSimp": "正因为它中间空虚。无，指器物的空处。", "general": "河上公注：「無為空虛。轂中空虛，輪得轉行。」王弼注：「皆以無為用也。」唐玄宗御注：「車中空無，乃可運用。」", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「无为空虚。毂中空虚，轮得转行。」王弼注：「皆以无为用也。」唐玄宗御注：「车中空无，乃可运用。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "王弼注", "御注" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "王弼注", "御注" ], "forms": [ { "form": "當其無", "formSimp": "当其无", "kind": "headword", "count": 3, "sentenceIds": [ "s001", "s002", "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001", "s002", "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 3 }, { "order": 4, "id": "n004", "noteId": "n004", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "埏埴", "headwordSimp": "埏埴", "pinyin": "shān zhí", "gloss": "揉和黏土。埏，和；埴，黏土。", "glossSimp": "揉和黏土。埏，和；埴，黏土。", "general": "河上公注：「埏，和也。埴，土也。」御疏：「埏埴，黏土也。」魏源注：「埏，和也；埴，黏土也。和水土而燒為匋也。」", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「埏，和也。埴，土也。」御疏：「埏埴，黏土也。」魏源注：「埏，和也；埴，黏土也。和水土而烧为匋也。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "御疏", "魏源注" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "御疏", "魏源注" ], "forms": [ { "form": "埏埴", "formSimp": "埏埴", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 5, "id": "n005", "noteId": "n005", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "器", "headwordSimp": "器", "pinyin": "qì", "gloss": "器皿；此指陶器。", "glossSimp": "器皿；此指陶器。", "general": "河上公注：「和土以為飲食之器。器中空虛，故有所受。」成玄英疏：「器中空無，故得盛受。」", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「和土以为饮食之器。器中空虚，故有所受。」成玄英疏：「器中空无，故得盛受。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏" ], "forms": [ { "form": "器", "formSimp": "器", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 6, "id": "n006", "noteId": "n006", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "戶牖", "headwordSimp": "户牖", "pinyin": "hù yǒu", "gloss": "門與窗。戶以出入，牖以通明。", "glossSimp": "门与窗。户以出入，牖以通明。", "general": "御疏：「鑿，穿也。門旁窗謂之牖。」吳澄注：「凡室之前，東戶西牖，戶以出入，牖以通明。」", "generalSimp": "御疏：「凿，穿也。门旁窗谓之牖。」吴澄注：「凡室之前，东户西牖，户以出入，牖以通明。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "御疏", "吳澄注" ], "refsSimp": [ "御疏", "吴澄注" ], "forms": [ { "form": "戶牖", "formSimp": "户牖", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 7, "id": "n007", "noteId": "n007", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "利", "headwordSimp": "利", "pinyin": "lì", "gloss": "便利、利益；此指器物之有用。", "glossSimp": "便利、利益；此指器物之有用。", "general": "河上公注：「利，物也；形，用也。」王弼注：「有之所以為利，皆賴無以為用也。」", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「利，物也；形，用也。」王弼注：「有之所以为利，皆赖无以为用也。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "王弼注" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "王弼注" ], "forms": [ { "form": "利", "formSimp": "利", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 8, "id": "n008", "noteId": "n008", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "用", "headwordSimp": "用", "pinyin": "yòng", "gloss": "作用、功用；此指因空虛而能受物。", "glossSimp": "作用、功用；此指因空虚而能受物。", "general": "河上公注：「言虛空者乃可感受萬物，故曰虛無能制有形。」蘇轍注：「器之用常在無有中。」", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「言虚空者乃可感受万物，故曰虚无能制有形。」苏辙注：「器之用常在无有中。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "蘇轍注" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "苏辙注" ], "forms": [ { "form": "用", "formSimp": "用", "kind": "headword", "count": 4, "sentenceIds": [ "s001", "s002", "s003", "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001", "s002", "s003", "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 4 } ], "glossaryEntries": [ { "order": 9, "id": "g001", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "輻", "headwordSimp": "辐", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "車輪中湊集於轂的直木條。", "glossSimp": "车轮中凑集于毂的直木条。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "輻", "formSimp": "辐", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 10, "id": "g002", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "轂", "headwordSimp": "毂", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "車輪中心穿軸的圓木，中空以受軸。", "glossSimp": "车轮中心穿轴的圆木，中空以受轴。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "轂", "formSimp": "毂", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 11, "id": "g003", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "當其無", "headwordSimp": "当其无", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "正因為它中間空虛。無，指器物的空處。", "glossSimp": "正因为它中间空虚。无，指器物的空处。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "當其無", "formSimp": "当其无", "kind": "headword", "count": 3, "sentenceIds": [ "s001", "s002", "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001", "s002", "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 3 }, { "order": 12, "id": "g004", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "埏埴", "headwordSimp": "埏埴", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "揉和黏土。埏，和；埴，黏土。", "glossSimp": "揉和黏土。埏，和；埴，黏土。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "埏埴", "formSimp": "埏埴", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 13, "id": "g005", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "戶牖", "headwordSimp": "户牖", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "門與窗。戶以出入，牖以通明。", "glossSimp": "门与窗。户以出入，牖以通明。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "戶牖", "formSimp": "户牖", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 14, "id": "g006", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "有之以為利，無之以為用", "headwordSimp": "有之以为利，无之以为用", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "有提供便利，無發揮作用；有無相資。", "glossSimp": "有提供便利，无发挥作用；有无相资。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "有之以為利，無之以為用", "formSimp": "有之以为利，无之以为用", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 } ] }, "relations": { "version": "1.0.0", "note": "第十一章四組觀念的十二家對照。嚴遵道經原卷缺卷一至六，此章無存文；李榮於首句無專文，王弼於埏埴、鑿室二句無注，唐玄宗御疏首句無存文，故各組家數不一。河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗三家四組皆備。", "concepts": [ { "id": "sanshifu-gongyigu", "name": "三十輻共一轂", "nameTrad": "三十輻共一轂", "question": "「三十輻共一轂，當其無，有車之用」何以見無之為用？", "questionTrad": "「三十輻共一轂，當其無，有車之用」何以見無之為用？", "intro": "首句以車轂為喻，諸家皆就「無」言用。河上公以轂中有孔、眾輻湊之，治身則除情去欲、五藏空虛而神歸；王弼以轂所以統三十輻者無，無能受物故能以實統眾；成玄英以車為假名緣合、遍體虛幻，學人心空故能運載蒼生；唐玄宗御注謂車中空無乃可運用，若無轅箱之有亦無所用之車；陸希聲以車輻轂象天、利在空虛；呂惠卿以車吾所乘、其用未嘗不在無；蘇轍以器之用常在無有中，非有則無以致其用；吳澄以車非轂中空虛則不可行地；憨山以用在轂中一竅；魏源訓輻轂引《考工記》利轉以無有為用；王夫之謂求有所以保無，無者用之藏。", "introTrad": "首句以車轂為喻，諸家皆就「無」言用。河上公以轂中有孔、眾輻湊之，治身則除情去欲、五藏空虛而神歸；王弼以轂所以統三十輻者無，無能受物故能以實統眾；成玄英以車為假名緣合、遍體虛幻，學人心空故能運載蒼生；唐玄宗御注謂車中空無乃可運用，若無轅箱之有亦無所用之車；陸希聲以車輻轂象天、利在空虛；呂惠卿以車吾所乘、其用未嘗不在無；蘇轍以器之用常在無有中，非有則無以致其用；吳澄以車非轂中空虛則不可行地；憨山以用在轂中一竅；魏源訓輻轂引《考工記》利轉以無有為用；王夫之謂求有所以保無，無者用之藏。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "轂中有孔，眾輻湊之；治身除情去欲、五藏空虛則神歸。", "thesisTrad": "轂中有孔，眾輻湊之；治身除情去欲、五藏空虛則神歸。", "noteIds": [ "c001" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "毂中有孔，众辐凑之；治身除情去欲、五藏空虚则神归。" }, "wangbi": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "轂所以統三十輻者無；無能受物，故能以實統眾。", "thesisTrad": "轂所以統三十輻者無；無能受物，故能以實統眾。", "noteIds": [ "c005" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "毂所以统三十辐者无；无能受物，故能以实统众。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "車為假名緣合、遍體虛幻；學人心空，故能運載蒼生。", "thesisTrad": "車為假名緣合、遍體虛幻；學人心空，故能運載蒼生。", "noteIds": [ "c007" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "车为假名缘合、遍体虚幻；学人心空，故能运载苍生。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "有無功用相資而立；車中空無乃可運用，轅箱之有方成其車。", "thesisTrad": "有無功用相資而立；車中空無乃可運用，轅箱之有方成其車。", "noteIds": [ "c011" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "有无功用相资而立；车中空无乃可运用，辕箱之有方成其车。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "車有輻轂以象天，車之全利常在空虛之處。", "thesisTrad": "車有輻轂以象天，車之全利常在空虛之處。", "noteIds": [ "c021" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "车有辐毂以象天，车之全利常在空虚之处。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "車吾所乘，其用未嘗不在無；即車器室而身之不知用者可知。", "thesisTrad": "車吾所乘，其用未嘗不在無；即車器室而身之不知用者可知。", "noteIds": [ "c022" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "车吾所乘，其用未尝不在无；即车器室而身之不知用者可知。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "器之用常在無有中；非有則無以致其用，非無則有以施其利。", "thesisTrad": "器之用常在無有中；非有則無以致其用，非無則有以施其利。", "noteIds": [ "c023" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "器之用常在无有中；非有则无以致其用，非无则有以施其利。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "車非轂中空虛可以轉軸，則不可以行地。", "thesisTrad": "車非轂中空虛可以轉軸，則不可以行地。", "noteIds": [ "c024" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "车非毂中空虚可以转轴，则不可以行地。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "人人知車轂有用，而不知用在轂中一竅。", "thesisTrad": "人人知車轂有用，而不知用在轂中一竅。", "noteIds": [ "c025" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "人人知车毂有用，而不知用在毂中一窍。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "訓輻轂引《考工記》利轉，以無有為用，正同斯旨。", "thesisTrad": "訓輻轂引《考工記》利轉，以無有為用，正同斯旨。", "noteIds": [ "c026" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "训辐毂引《考工记》利转，以无有为用，正同斯旨。" }, "wangfuzhi": { "workType": "衍", "workTypeTrad": "衍", "thesis": "求其有者所以保其無；無者，用之藏也。", "thesisTrad": "求其有者所以保其無；無者，用之藏也。", "noteIds": [ "c027" ], "workTypeSimp": "衍", "thesisSimp": "求其有者所以保其无；无者，用之藏也。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c001", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公以轂中有孔、眾輻湊之，治身則五藏空虛而神歸。", "textTrad": "河上公以轂中有孔、眾輻湊之，治身則五藏空虛而神歸。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公以毂中有孔、众辐凑之，治身则五藏空虚而神归。" }, { "noteId": "c005", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "王弼以轂所以統輻者無，無能受物故能以實統眾。", "textTrad": "王弼以轂所以統輻者無，無能受物故能以實統眾。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "王弼以毂所以统辐者无，无能受物故能以实统众。" }, { "noteId": "c007", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英以車為假名緣合、遍體虛幻，學人心空故能運載。", "textTrad": "成玄英以車為假名緣合、遍體虛幻，學人心空故能運載。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英以车为假名缘合、遍体虚幻，学人心空故能运载。" }, { "noteId": "c011", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "唐玄宗御注謂車中空無乃可運用，無轅箱之有則車無所用。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗御注謂車中空無乃可運用，無轅箱之有則車無所用。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "唐玄宗御注谓车中空无乃可运用，无辕箱之有则车无所用。" }, { "noteId": "c021", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "陸希聲以車輻轂象天，車之全利常在空虛。", "textTrad": "陸希聲以車輻轂象天，車之全利常在空虛。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "陆希声以车辐毂象天，车之全利常在空虚。" }, { "noteId": "c022", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "呂惠卿以車吾所乘，其用未嘗不在無。", "textTrad": "呂惠卿以車吾所乘，其用未嘗不在無。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "吕惠卿以车吾所乘，其用未尝不在无。" }, { "noteId": "c023", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "蘇轍以器之用常在無有中，有無相須而後利施。", "textTrad": "蘇轍以器之用常在無有中，有無相須而後利施。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "苏辙以器之用常在无有中，有无相须而后利施。" }, { "noteId": "c024", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄以車非轂中空虛則不可行地。", "textTrad": "吳澄以車非轂中空虛則不可行地。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄以车非毂中空虚则不可行地。" }, { "noteId": "c025", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "憨山以用在轂中一竅，非轂之有形處。", "textTrad": "憨山以用在轂中一竅，非轂之有形處。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "憨山以用在毂中一窍，非毂之有形处。" }, { "noteId": "c026", "relation": "本義", "relationTrad": "本義", "text": "魏源引《考工記》利轉之說，以無有為用。", "textTrad": "魏源引《考工記》利轉之說，以無有為用。", "relationSimp": "本义", "textSimp": "魏源引《考工记》利转之说，以无有为用。" }, { "noteId": "c027", "relation": "衍", "relationTrad": "衍", "text": "王夫之謂求有所以保無，無者用之藏。", "textTrad": "王夫之謂求有所以保無，無者用之藏。", "relationSimp": "衍", "textSimp": "王夫之谓求有所以保无，无者用之藏。" } ], "nameSimp": "三十辐共一毂", "questionSimp": "「三十辐共一毂，当其无，有车之用」何以见无之为用？", "introSimp": "首句以车毂为喻，诸家皆就「无」言用。河上公以毂中有孔、众辐凑之，治身则除情去欲、五藏空虚而神归；王弼以毂所以统三十辐者无，无能受物故能以实统众；成玄英以车为假名缘合、遍体虚幻，学人心空故能运载苍生；唐玄宗御注谓车中空无乃可运用，若无辕箱之有亦无所用之车；陆希声以车辐毂象天、利在空虚；吕惠卿以车吾所乘、其用未尝不在无；苏辙以器之用常在无有中，非有则无以致其用；吴澄以车非毂中空虚则不可行地；憨山以用在毂中一窍；魏源训辐毂引《考工记》利转以无有为用；王夫之谓求有所以保无，无者用之藏。" }, { "id": "shanzhi-weichi", "name": "埏埴以為器", "nameTrad": "埏埴以為器", "question": "「埏埴以為器，當其無，有器之用」諸家如何取譬？", "questionTrad": "「埏埴以為器，當其無，有器之用」諸家如何取譬？", "intro": "次句以陶器為喻，諸家或重和土成器，或重器中空虛。河上公以埏和土、器成而中空，故能受物；成玄英以和黏水土燒器、器中空無，況學人心空容物；唐玄宗御注以陶匠和土為瓦缶，御疏以範和黏土、取中空虛以盛受；李榮以和泥調則器用、修身煉行潔則道成；陸希聲以埏埴資水火而後利用，猶聖人本道德而後教化；呂惠卿以器吾所用、其用不在無；蘇轍以器之用常在無有中；吳澄以器非中間空虛則不可貯藏；憨山以用在器中之虛；魏源訓埏埴為和水土燒匋；王夫之謂無者用之藏。王弼於此句無注。", "introTrad": "次句以陶器為喻，諸家或重和土成器，或重器中空虛。河上公以埏和土、器成而中空，故能受物；成玄英以和黏水土燒器、器中空無，況學人心空容物；唐玄宗御注以陶匠和土為瓦缶，御疏以範和黏土、取中空虛以盛受；李榮以和泥調則器用、修身煉行潔則道成；陸希聲以埏埴資水火而後利用，猶聖人本道德而後教化；呂惠卿以器吾所用、其用不在無；蘇轍以器之用常在無有中；吳澄以器非中間空虛則不可貯藏；憨山以用在器中之虛；魏源訓埏埴為和水土燒匋；王夫之謂無者用之藏。王弼於此句無注。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "埏和土以為飲食之器；器中空虛，故有所受。", "thesisTrad": "埏和土以為飲食之器；器中空虛，故有所受。", "noteIds": [ "c002" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "埏和土以为饮食之器；器中空虚，故有所受。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "和黏水土燒以成器，器中空無故得盛受；況學人心空容物。", "thesisTrad": "和黏水土燒以成器，器中空無故得盛受；況學人心空容物。", "noteIds": [ "c008" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "和黏水土烧以成器，器中空无故得盛受；况学人心空容物。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "陶匠和土為瓦缶，取其中空虛以盛受物。", "thesisTrad": "陶匠和土為瓦缶，取其中空虛以盛受物。", "noteIds": [ "c012", "c015" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "陶匠和土为瓦缶，取其中空虚以盛受物。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "作器必須和泥，泥調則器可用；修身煉行，行潔則道可成。", "thesisTrad": "作器必須和泥，泥調則器可用；修身煉行，行潔則道可成。", "noteIds": [ "c018" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "作器必须和泥，泥调则器可用；修身炼行，行洁则道可成。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "埏埴資水火而後利用，猶聖人本道德而後教化可行。", "thesisTrad": "埏埴資水火而後利用，猶聖人本道德而後教化可行。", "noteIds": [ "c021" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "埏埴资水火而后利用，犹圣人本道德而后教化可行。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "器吾所用，其用未嘗不在無。", "thesisTrad": "器吾所用，其用未嘗不在無。", "noteIds": [ "c022" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "器吾所用，其用未尝不在无。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "器之用常在無有中；有無相須，利乃施。", "thesisTrad": "器之用常在無有中；有無相須，利乃施。", "noteIds": [ "c023" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "器之用常在无有中；有无相须，利乃施。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "器非中間空虛可以容物，則不可以貯藏。", "thesisTrad": "器非中間空虛可以容物，則不可以貯藏。", "noteIds": [ "c024" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "器非中间空虚可以容物，则不可以贮藏。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "人人知器之有用，而不知用在器中之虛。", "thesisTrad": "人人知器之有用，而不知用在器中之虛。", "noteIds": [ "c025" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "人人知器之有用，而不知用在器中之虚。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "訓埏為和、埴為黏土，和水土而燒為匋。", "thesisTrad": "訓埏為和、埴為黏土，和水土而燒為匋。", "noteIds": [ "c026" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "训埏为和、埴为黏土，和水土而烧为匋。" }, "wangfuzhi": { "workType": "衍", "workTypeTrad": "衍", "thesis": "求有所以保無；無者，用之藏也。", "thesisTrad": "求有所以保無；無者，用之藏也。", "noteIds": [ "c027" ], "workTypeSimp": "衍", "thesisSimp": "求有所以保无；无者，用之藏也。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c002", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公以和土為器、器中空虛故有所受。", "textTrad": "河上公以和土為器、器中空虛故有所受。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公以和土为器、器中空虚故有所受。" }, { "noteId": "c008", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英以器中空無故得盛受，況學人心空容物。", "textTrad": "成玄英以器中空無故得盛受，況學人心空容物。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英以器中空无故得盛受，况学人心空容物。" }, { "noteId": "c012", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "唐玄宗御注以陶匠和土為瓦缶之器。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗御注以陶匠和土為瓦缶之器。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "唐玄宗御注以陶匠和土为瓦缶之器。" }, { "noteId": "c015", "relation": "御疏", "relationTrad": "御疏", "text": "御疏謂範和黏土、燒成瓦器，取中空虛以盛受。", "textTrad": "御疏謂範和黏土、燒成瓦器，取中空虛以盛受。", "relationSimp": "御疏", "textSimp": "御疏谓范和黏土、烧成瓦器，取中空虚以盛受。" }, { "noteId": "c018", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮以和泥調則器用，喻煉行潔則道成。", "textTrad": "李榮以和泥調則器用，喻煉行潔則道成。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣以和泥调则器用，喻炼行洁则道成。" }, { "noteId": "c021", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "陸希聲以埏埴資水火而後利用，猶聖人本道德而教化。", "textTrad": "陸希聲以埏埴資水火而後利用，猶聖人本道德而教化。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "陆希声以埏埴资水火而后利用，犹圣人本道德而教化。" }, { "noteId": "c022", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "呂惠卿以器吾所用，其用不在無。", "textTrad": "呂惠卿以器吾所用，其用不在無。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "吕惠卿以器吾所用，其用不在无。" }, { "noteId": "c023", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "蘇轍以器之用常在無有中。", "textTrad": "蘇轍以器之用常在無有中。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "苏辙以器之用常在无有中。" }, { "noteId": "c024", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄以器非中間空虛則不可貯藏。", "textTrad": "吳澄以器非中間空虛則不可貯藏。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄以器非中间空虚则不可贮藏。" }, { "noteId": "c025", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "憨山以用在器中之虛。", "textTrad": "憨山以用在器中之虛。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "憨山以用在器中之虚。" }, { "noteId": "c026", "relation": "本義", "relationTrad": "本義", "text": "魏源訓埏埴為和水土燒匋。", "textTrad": "魏源訓埏埴為和水土燒匋。", "relationSimp": "本义", "textSimp": "魏源训埏埴为和水土烧匋。" }, { "noteId": "c027", "relation": "衍", "relationTrad": "衍", "text": "王夫之謂無者用之藏。", "textTrad": "王夫之謂無者用之藏。", "relationSimp": "衍", "textSimp": "王夫之谓无者用之藏。" } ], "nameSimp": "埏埴以为器", "questionSimp": "「埏埴以为器，当其无，有器之用」诸家如何取譬？", "introSimp": "次句以陶器为喻，诸家或重和土成器，或重器中空虚。河上公以埏和土、器成而中空，故能受物；成玄英以和黏水土烧器、器中空无，况学人心空容物；唐玄宗御注以陶匠和土为瓦缶，御疏以范和黏土、取中空虚以盛受；李荣以和泥调则器用、修身炼行洁则道成；陆希声以埏埴资水火而后利用，犹圣人本道德而后教化；吕惠卿以器吾所用、其用不在无；苏辙以器之用常在无有中；吴澄以器非中间空虚则不可贮藏；憨山以用在器中之虚；魏源训埏埴为和水土烧匋；王夫之谓无者用之藏。王弼于此句无注。" }, { "id": "zaohuyou-weishi", "name": "鑿戶牖以為室", "nameTrad": "鑿戶牖以為室", "question": "「鑿戶牖以為室，當其無，有室之用」室之用在何處？", "questionTrad": "「鑿戶牖以為室，當其無，有室之用」室之用在何處？", "intro": "第三句以室屋為喻。河上公以戶牖空虛人得出入、室中空虛人得居處；成玄英以穿鑿戶牖、室中空無故得居處，並分車動、室靜、器亦動亦靜三異；唐玄宗御注以古者陶穴開戶牖，御疏以穴居穿鑿、後代易以宮室，取室中空虛而人得居處，並引《莊子》「室無空虛則婦姑勃蹊」；李榮以室開戶牖則有用，喻人生慧解而道成；陸希聲以室有戶牖象地、利在空虛；呂惠卿以室吾所居、其用不在無；蘇轍以器之用常在無有中，室亦同例；吳澄以室非戶牖空虛則不可寢處；憨山以用在室中之空；魏源訓戶牖東戶西牖、以通明出入；王夫之謂無者用之藏。王弼於此句無注。", "introTrad": "第三句以室屋為喻。河上公以戶牖空虛人得出入、室中空虛人得居處；成玄英以穿鑿戶牖、室中空無故得居處，並分車動、室靜、器亦動亦靜三異；唐玄宗御注以古者陶穴開戶牖，御疏以穴居穿鑿、後代易以宮室，取室中空虛而人得居處，並引《莊子》「室無空虛則婦姑勃蹊」；李榮以室開戶牖則有用，喻人生慧解而道成；陸希聲以室有戶牖象地、利在空虛；呂惠卿以室吾所居、其用不在無；蘇轍以器之用常在無有中，室亦同例；吳澄以室非戶牖空虛則不可寢處；憨山以用在室中之空；魏源訓戶牖東戶西牖、以通明出入；王夫之謂無者用之藏。王弼於此句無注。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "戶牖空虛人得出入，室中空虛人得居處。", "thesisTrad": "戶牖空虛人得出入，室中空虛人得居處。", "noteIds": [ "c003" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "户牖空虚人得出入，室中空虚人得居处。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "穿鑿戶牖、室中空無故得居處；車動、室靜、器亦動亦靜。", "thesisTrad": "穿鑿戶牖、室中空無故得居處；車動、室靜、器亦動亦靜。", "noteIds": [ "c009" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "穿凿户牖、室中空无故得居处；车动、室静、器亦动亦静。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "古者陶穴為室宇，開戶牖以通明；室中空虛故人得居處。", "thesisTrad": "古者陶穴為室宇，開戶牖以通明；室中空虛故人得居處。", "noteIds": [ "c013", "c016" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "古者陶穴为室宇，开户牖以通明；室中空虚故人得居处。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "室開戶牖則有用，喻人生慧解而道成。", "thesisTrad": "室開戶牖則有用，喻人生慧解而道成。", "noteIds": [ "c019" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "室开户牖则有用，喻人生慧解而道成。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "室有戶牖以象地，室之全利常在空虛。", "thesisTrad": "室有戶牖以象地，室之全利常在空虛。", "noteIds": [ "c021" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "室有户牖以象地，室之全利常在空虚。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "室吾所居，其用未嘗不在無。", "thesisTrad": "室吾所居，其用未嘗不在無。", "noteIds": [ "c022" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "室吾所居，其用未尝不在无。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "器之用常在無有中，室之為用亦同。", "thesisTrad": "器之用常在無有中，室之為用亦同。", "noteIds": [ "c023" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "器之用常在无有中，室之为用亦同。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "室非戶牖空虛可以出入通明，則不可以寢處。", "thesisTrad": "室非戶牖空虛可以出入通明，則不可以寢處。", "noteIds": [ "c024" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "室非户牖空虚可以出入通明，则不可以寝处。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "人人知室之有用，而不知用在室中之空。", "thesisTrad": "人人知室之有用，而不知用在室中之空。", "noteIds": [ "c025" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "人人知室之有用，而不知用在室中之空。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "室東戶西牖，戶以出入、牖以通明，無皆謂空虛之處。", "thesisTrad": "室東戶西牖，戶以出入、牖以通明，無皆謂空虛之處。", "noteIds": [ "c026" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "室东户西牖，户以出入、牖以通明，无皆谓空虚之处。" }, "wangfuzhi": { "workType": "衍", "workTypeTrad": "衍", "thesis": "無者，用之藏也；求有所以保無。", "thesisTrad": "無者，用之藏也；求有所以保無。", "noteIds": [ "c027" ], "workTypeSimp": "衍", "thesisSimp": "无者，用之藏也；求有所以保无。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c003", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公以戶牖空虛人得出入、室中空虛人得居處。", "textTrad": "河上公以戶牖空虛人得出入、室中空虛人得居處。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公以户牖空虚人得出入、室中空虚人得居处。" }, { "noteId": "c009", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英以室中空無故得居處，並分車動、室靜、器亦動亦靜。", "textTrad": "成玄英以室中空無故得居處，並分車動、室靜、器亦動亦靜。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英以室中空无故得居处，并分车动、室静、器亦动亦静。" }, { "noteId": "c013", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "唐玄宗御注以古者陶穴為室宇、開戶牖故云鑿。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗御注以古者陶穴為室宇、開戶牖故云鑿。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "唐玄宗御注以古者陶穴为室宇、开户牖故云凿。" }, { "noteId": "c016", "relation": "御疏", "relationTrad": "御疏", "text": "御疏謂穴居穿鑿、後代易以宮室，取室中空虛而人得居處。", "textTrad": "御疏謂穴居穿鑿、後代易以宮室，取室中空虛而人得居處。", "relationSimp": "御疏", "textSimp": "御疏谓穴居穿凿、后代易以宫室，取室中空虚而人得居处。" }, { "noteId": "c019", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮以室開戶牖則有用，喻人生慧解而道成。", "textTrad": "李榮以室開戶牖則有用，喻人生慧解而道成。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣以室开户牖则有用，喻人生慧解而道成。" }, { "noteId": "c021", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "陸希聲以室有戶牖象地，其利常在空虛。", "textTrad": "陸希聲以室有戶牖象地，其利常在空虛。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "陆希声以室有户牖象地，其利常在空虚。" }, { "noteId": "c022", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "呂惠卿以室吾所居，其用不在無。", "textTrad": "呂惠卿以室吾所居，其用不在無。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "吕惠卿以室吾所居，其用不在无。" }, { "noteId": "c023", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "蘇轍以器之用常在無有中，室亦同例。", "textTrad": "蘇轍以器之用常在無有中，室亦同例。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "苏辙以器之用常在无有中，室亦同例。" }, { "noteId": "c024", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄以室非戶牖空虛則不可寢處。", "textTrad": "吳澄以室非戶牖空虛則不可寢處。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄以室非户牖空虚则不可寝处。" }, { "noteId": "c025", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "憨山以用在室中之空。", "textTrad": "憨山以用在室中之空。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "憨山以用在室中之空。" }, { "noteId": "c026", "relation": "本義", "relationTrad": "本義", "text": "魏源訓戶牖東戶西牖，戶以出入、牖以通明。", "textTrad": "魏源訓戶牖東戶西牖，戶以出入、牖以通明。", "relationSimp": "本义", "textSimp": "魏源训户牖东户西牖，户以出入、牖以通明。" }, { "noteId": "c027", "relation": "衍", "relationTrad": "衍", "text": "王夫之謂無者用之藏，求有所以保無。", "textTrad": "王夫之謂無者用之藏，求有所以保無。", "relationSimp": "衍", "textSimp": "王夫之谓无者用之藏，求有所以保无。" } ], "nameSimp": "凿户牖以为室", "questionSimp": "「凿户牖以为室，当其无，有室之用」室之用在何处？", "introSimp": "第三句以室屋为喻。河上公以户牖空虚人得出入、室中空虚人得居处；成玄英以穿凿户牖、室中空无故得居处，并分车动、室静、器亦动亦静三异；唐玄宗御注以古者陶穴开户牖，御疏以穴居穿凿、后代易以宫室，取室中空虚而人得居处，并引《庄子》「室无空虚则妇姑勃蹊」；李荣以室开户牖则有用，喻人生慧解而道成；陆希声以室有户牖象地、利在空虚；吕惠卿以室吾所居、其用不在无；苏辙以器之用常在无有中，室亦同例；吴澄以室非户牖空虚则不可寝处；憨山以用在室中之空；魏源训户牖东户西牖、以通明出入；王夫之谓无者用之藏。王弼于此句无注。" }, { "id": "youli-wuyong", "name": "有之以為利，無之以為用", "nameTrad": "有之以為利，無之以為用", "question": "末句「有之以為利，無之以為用」如何總收三喻？", "questionTrad": "末句「有之以為利，無之以為用」如何總收三喻？", "intro": "末句總承三喻，諸家皆言有無相資而歸重於無。河上公以利為物、形為用，器中有物、室中有人、腹中有神，虛空乃能受物，道即虛空；王弼以木、埴、壁三者皆以無為用，有之所以為利皆賴無；成玄英以有無相資，以有資空、以空導有，心不偏溺；唐玄宗御注以有體利無、無體用有，御疏以有以無為利、無以有為用，道器相資；李榮以單有無無則不利、單無無有則不用，有無相因、粗妙相藉；陸希聲以道器、有無相為用；呂惠卿以有有之利而無無之用則利廢，有無之用而無有之利則用害，聖人入無有物、出未嘗無物；蘇轍以非有則無以致用、非無則有以施利，知兩者為一；吳澄以實腹有氣為利、虛心無物為用；憨山以有用之用與無用之用，無不能自用須賴有以濟；魏源引薛蕙謂即有以明無之為貴；王夫之謂求有所以保無，不倚有無則萬機合一。", "introTrad": "末句總承三喻，諸家皆言有無相資而歸重於無。河上公以利為物、形為用，器中有物、室中有人、腹中有神，虛空乃能受物，道即虛空；王弼以木、埴、壁三者皆以無為用，有之所以為利皆賴無；成玄英以有無相資，以有資空、以空導有，心不偏溺；唐玄宗御注以有體利無、無體用有，御疏以有以無為利、無以有為用，道器相資；李榮以單有無無則不利、單無無有則不用，有無相因、粗妙相藉；陸希聲以道器、有無相為用；呂惠卿以有有之利而無無之用則利廢，有無之用而無有之利則用害，聖人入無有物、出未嘗無物；蘇轍以非有則無以致用、非無則有以施利，知兩者為一；吳澄以實腹有氣為利、虛心無物為用；憨山以有用之用與無用之用，無不能自用須賴有以濟；魏源引薛蕙謂即有以明無之為貴；王夫之謂求有所以保無，不倚有無則萬機合一。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "利為物、形為用；虛空能受萬物，道即虛空。", "thesisTrad": "利為物、形為用；虛空能受萬物，道即虛空。", "noteIds": [ "c004" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "利为物、形为用；虚空能受万物，道即虚空。" }, "wangbi": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "木、埴、壁三者皆以無為用；有之所以為利皆賴無。", "thesisTrad": "木、埴、壁三者皆以無為用；有之所以為利皆賴無。", "noteIds": [ "c006" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "木、埴、壁三者皆以无为用；有之所以为利皆赖无。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "有無相資，以有資空、以空導有，心不偏溺。", "thesisTrad": "有無相資，以有資空、以空導有，心不偏溺。", "noteIds": [ "c010" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "有无相资，以有资空、以空导有，心不偏溺。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "有體利無、無體用有；道器相資，妙無之用因有而彰。", "thesisTrad": "有體利無、無體用有；道器相資，妙無之用因有而彰。", "noteIds": [ "c014", "c017" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "有体利无、无体用有；道器相资，妙无之用因有而彰。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "單有無無則不利，單無無有則不用；有無相因、粗妙相藉。", "thesisTrad": "單有無無則不利，單無無有則不用；有無相因、粗妙相藉。", "noteIds": [ "c020" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "单有无则不利，单无有则不用；有无相因、粗妙相藉。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "道以無為用、器以有為利；有之所利利於無，無之所用用於有。", "thesisTrad": "道以無為用、器以有為利；有之所利利於無，無之所用用於有。", "noteIds": [ "c021" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "道以无为用、器以有为利；有之所利利于无，无之所用用于有。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "有無偏廢則利與用俱害；聖人入無有物、出未嘗無物。", "thesisTrad": "有無偏廢則利與用俱害；聖人入無有物、出未嘗無物。", "noteIds": [ "c022" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "有无偏废则利与用俱害；圣人入无有物、出未尝无物。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "非有則無以致用，非無則有以施利；知兩者為一。", "thesisTrad": "非有則無以致用，非無則有以施利；知兩者為一。", "noteIds": [ "c023" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "非有则无以致用，非无则有以施利；知两者为一。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "實腹有氣為利，虛心無物為用。", "thesisTrad": "實腹有氣為利，虛心無物為用。", "noteIds": [ "c024" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "实腹有气为利，虚心无物为用。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "無不能自用，須賴有以濟；即有觀無，雖有而不有。", "thesisTrad": "無不能自用，須賴有以濟；即有觀無，雖有而不有。", "noteIds": [ "c025" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "无不能自用，须赖有以济；即有观无，虽有而不有。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "引薛蕙說，章末並舉有無而意在有以明無之為貴。", "thesisTrad": "引薛蕙說，章末並舉有無而意在有以明無之為貴。", "noteIds": [ "c026" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "引薛蕙说，章末并举有无而意在有以明无之为贵。" }, "wangfuzhi": { "workType": "衍", "workTypeTrad": "衍", "thesis": "求有所以保無；不倚有無，去名就實，萬機合於一。", "thesisTrad": "求有所以保無；不倚有無，去名就實，萬機合於一。", "noteIds": [ "c027" ], "workTypeSimp": "衍", "thesisSimp": "求有所以保无；不倚有无，去名就实，万机合于一。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c004", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公以利為物、形為用，虛空能受萬物，道即虛空。", "textTrad": "河上公以利為物、形為用，虛空能受萬物，道即虛空。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公以利为物、形为用，虚空能受万物，道即虚空。" }, { "noteId": "c006", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "王弼以木、埴、壁三者皆以無為用，有利皆賴無。", "textTrad": "王弼以木、埴、壁三者皆以無為用，有利皆賴無。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "王弼以木、埴、壁三者皆以无为用，有利皆赖无。" }, { "noteId": "c010", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英以有無相資、心不偏溺為學人之利用。", "textTrad": "成玄英以有無相資、心不偏溺為學人之利用。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英以有无相资、心不偏溺为学人之利用。" }, { "noteId": "c014", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "唐玄宗御注以有體利無、無體用有，道器相資。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗御注以有體利無、無體用有，道器相資。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "唐玄宗御注以有体利无、无体用有，道器相资。" }, { "noteId": "c017", "relation": "御疏", "relationTrad": "御疏", "text": "御疏以有以無為利、無以有為用，妙無之用因有而彰。", "textTrad": "御疏以有以無為利、無以有為用，妙無之用因有而彰。", "relationSimp": "御疏", "textSimp": "御疏以有以无为利、无以有为用，妙无之用因有而彰。" }, { "noteId": "c020", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮以單有單無皆不成利用，有無相因、粗妙相藉。", "textTrad": "李榮以單有單無皆不成利用，有無相因、粗妙相藉。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣以单有单无皆不成利用，有无相因、粗妙相藉。" }, { "noteId": "c021", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "陸希聲以道器、有無相為用。", "textTrad": "陸希聲以道器、有無相為用。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "陆希声以道器、有无相为用。" }, { "noteId": "c022", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "呂惠卿以有無偏廢則利用俱害，聖人出入皆有無。", "textTrad": "呂惠卿以有無偏廢則利用俱害，聖人出入皆有無。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "吕惠卿以有无偏废则利用俱害，圣人出入皆有无。" }, { "noteId": "c023", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "蘇轍以非有則無以致用、非無則有以施利，知兩者為一。", "textTrad": "蘇轍以非有則無以致用、非無則有以施利，知兩者為一。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "苏辙以非有则无以致用、非无则有以施利，知两者为一。" }, { "noteId": "c024", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄以實腹有氣為利、虛心無物為用。", "textTrad": "吳澄以實腹有氣為利、虛心無物為用。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄以实腹有气为利、虚心无物为用。" }, { "noteId": "c025", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "憨山以無不能自用須賴有以濟，即有觀無則雖有而不有。", "textTrad": "憨山以無不能自用須賴有以濟，即有觀無則雖有而不有。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "憨山以无不能自用须赖有以济，即有观无则虽有而不有。" }, { "noteId": "c026", "relation": "本義", "relationTrad": "本義", "text": "魏源引薛蕙說，意在有以明無之為貴。", "textTrad": "魏源引薛蕙說，意在有以明無之為貴。", "relationSimp": "本义", "textSimp": "魏源引薛蕙说，意在有以明无之为贵。" }, { "noteId": "c027", "relation": "衍", "relationTrad": "衍", "text": "王夫之謂求有所以保無，不倚有無則萬機合一。", "textTrad": "王夫之謂求有所以保無，不倚有無則萬機合一。", "relationSimp": "衍", "textSimp": "王夫之谓求有所以保无，不倚有无则万机合一。" } ], "nameSimp": "有之以为利，无之以为用", "questionSimp": "末句「有之以为利，无之以为用」如何总收三喻？", "introSimp": "末句总承三喻，诸家皆言有无相资而归重于无。河上公以利为物、形为用，器中有物、室中有人、腹中有神，虚空乃能受物，道即虚空；王弼以木、埴、壁三者皆以无为用，有之所以为利皆赖无；成玄英以有无相资，以有资空、以空导有，心不偏溺；唐玄宗御注以有体利无、无体用有，御疏以有以无为利、无以有为用，道器相资；李荣以单有无则不利、单无有则不用，有无相因、粗妙相藉；陆希声以道器、有无相为用；吕惠卿以有有之利而无之用则利废，有无之用而无有之利则用害，圣人入无有物、出未尝无物；苏辙以非有则无以致用、非无则有以施利，知两者为一；吴澄以实腹有气为利、虚心无物为用；憨山以有用之用与无用之用，无不能自用须赖有以济；魏源引薛蕙谓即有以明无之为贵；王夫之谓求有所以保无，不倚有无则万机合一。" } ], "requiredSources": [ "heshanggong", "chengxuanying", "tangxuanzong" ] }, "schema": "librebook.chapter/1", "generatedAt": "2026-10-30T11:41:46.856Z", "keyPrefix": "laozi-11", "idRules": { "chapter": "章节目录名（slug），如 01；URL 为 /laozi/01/。", "sentence": "章内局部编号 sNNN，全篇引用使用 laozi-01:sNNN；页面锚点继续使用 #sNNN。", "commentary": "章内注号 cNNN，字词注 nNNN，校记 kNNN；编号在章内稳定，跨章引用时加章节前缀。", "paragraph": "章内段落号 pNNN，与 sentence.paragraph 对应。" }, "book": { "id": "laozi", "slug": "laozi", "title": "老子", "titleSimp": "老子", "author": "老聃", "authorSimp": "老聃", "era": "春秋", "eraSimp": "春秋", "editor": "河上公、王弼等", "editorSimp": "河上公、王弼等", "edition": "王弼《老子注》", "editionSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "baseLabel": "王弼《老子注》", "baseLabelSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "separationLabel": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英義疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、嚴遵指歸、李榮注、陸希聲傳、呂惠卿傳、蘇轍老子解、吳澄道德真經注、憨山道德經解、魏源老子本義、俞樾平議、王夫之老子衍十四家", "separationLabelSimp": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英义疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、严遵指归、李荣注、陆希声传、吕惠卿传、苏辙老子解、吴澄道德真经注、憨山道德经解、魏源老子本义、俞樾平议、王夫之老子衍十四家", "intro": "《老子》八十一章，分道經、德經。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》為底本，逐章整理正文、舊注、今譯與校記；第一至八十一章已上線，全帙完竣。", "introSimp": "《老子》八十一章，分道经、德经。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》为底本，逐章整理正文、旧注、今译与校记；第一至八十一章已上线，全帙完竣。" }, 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"covered": 4, "total": 4, "percent": 100 }, "collations": { "covered": 3, "total": 4, "percent": 75, "count": 6 }, "translations": { "covered": 4, "total": 4, "percent": 100 } } }