{ "meta": { "book": { "id": "laozi", "title": "老子", "titleSimp": "老子", "author": "老聃", "authorSimp": "老聃", "era": "春秋", "eraSimp": "春秋", "editor": "河上公、王弼等", "editorSimp": "河上公、王弼等", "edition": "王弼《老子注》", "editionSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "slug": "laozi", "baseLabel": "王弼《老子注》", "baseLabelSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "separationLabel": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英義疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、嚴遵指歸、李榮注、陸希聲傳、呂惠卿傳、蘇轍老子解、吳澄道德真經注、憨山道德經解、魏源老子本義、俞樾平議、王夫之老子衍十四家", "separationLabelSimp": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英义疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、严遵指归、李荣注、陆希声传、吕惠卿传、苏辙老子解、吴澄道德真经注、憨山道德经解、魏源老子本义、俞樾平议、王夫之老子衍十四家", "intro": "《老子》八十一章，分道經、德經。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》為底本，逐章整理正文、舊注、今譯與校記；第一至八十一章已上線，全帙完竣。", "introSimp": "《老子》八十一章，分道经、德经。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》为底本，逐章整理正文、旧注、今译与校记；第一至八十一章已上线，全帙完竣。" }, "chapter": { "id": "laozi-18", "no": 18, "part": "道經", "partSimp": "道经", "title": "第十八章", "titleSimp": "第十八章", "intro": "《老子》第十八章，河上公題「俗薄」，唐玄宗、呂惠卿並題「大道廢章」。全章四句：首句言大道廢而仁義之名顯；次句言智慧出而大僞隨生；第三句言六親不和乃見孝慈；末句言國家昏亂乃顯忠臣。四句皆言世衰道喪，名善生於失道，非老氏以仁義孝慈為可棄也。本站以王弼《老子注》為底本，分列河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英義疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、李榮注、陸希聲傳、呂惠卿傳、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》與王夫之《老子衍》，並附編者今譯。嚴遵道經原卷缺卷一至六，此章《玄德纂疏》無輯文，故不列嚴遵，凡十二家舊注。分章則河上公、王弼、唐玄宗、李榮、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、憨山、王夫之以此章為第十八章；吳澄合第十七至十九章為其第十六章，篇末自題「右第十六章」；魏源從吳澄，合第十七至十九章為一章，此章為其中段。", "introSimp": "《老子》第十八章，河上公题「俗薄」，唐玄宗、吕惠卿并题「大道废章」。全章四句：首句言大道废而仁义之名显；次句言智慧出而大伪随生；第三句言六亲不和乃见孝慈；末句言国家昏乱乃显忠臣。四句皆言世衰道丧，名善生于失道，非老氏以仁义孝慈为可弃也。本站以王弼《老子注》为底本，分列河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英义疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、李荣注、陆希声传、吕惠卿传、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》与王夫之《老子衍》，并附编者今译。严遵道经原卷缺卷一至六，此章《玄德纂疏》无辑文，故不列严遵，凡十二家旧注。分章则河上公、王弼、唐玄宗、李荣、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、憨山、王夫之以此章为第十八章；吴澄合第十七至十九章为其第十六章，篇末自题「右第十六章」；魏源从吴澄，合第十七至十九章为一章，此章为其中段。", "guide": "點擊任一句可展開句注；點擊字詞可看本句訓釋；按「諸家並觀」可將同一句的十二家舊注並列對讀。", "guideSimp": "点击任一句可展开句注；点击字词可看本句训释；按「诸家并观」可将同一句的十二家旧注并列对读。", "slug": "18", "order": 18, "status": "published", "revision": "初校", "review": "待复核", "updated": "2026-10-29", "summary": "以「大道廢，有仁義」發端，次言「智慧出，有大僞」「六親不和，有孝慈」，末以「國家昏亂，有忠臣」收束；附河上公、王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之十二家注疏，嚴遵此章無輯文；陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山、王夫之各以整章一段通釋，魏源以章次分合立說，吳澄合第十七至十九章為一章、魏源亦合第十七至十九章為一章，「孝慈」一作「孝子」、「忠臣」一作「貞臣」，異文並見校記。", "summarySimp": "以「大道废，有仁义」发端，次言「智慧出，有大伪」「六亲不和，有孝慈」，末以「国家昏乱，有忠臣」收束；附河上公、王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、李荣、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之十二家注疏，严遵此章无辑文；陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、憨山、王夫之各以整章一段通释，魏源以章次分合立说，吴澄合第十七至十九章为一章、魏源亦合第十七至十九章为一章，「孝慈」一作「孝子」、「忠臣」一作「贞臣」，异文并见校记。", "dataFile": "data/chapters/laozi-18.json", "relationsFile": "data/commentary-relations-laozi-18.json", "url": "/laozi/18/", "volumeId": "daojing", "volumeTitle": "道經", "volumeTitleSimp": "道经", "orderLabel": "第十八" }, "edition": { "base": "王弼《老子注》", "baseEdition": "王弼《老子注》通行本", "separation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》（《老子翼》所輯）、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》、王夫之《老子衍》諸本對校；陸希聲、呂惠卿、李榮三家據《道藏》本，參焦竑《老子翼》所輯", "punctuation": "數字轉錄所附現代標點，本站僅作閱讀輔助，尚未逐字復核原刻", "digital": "中華典藏網、識典古籍、大道家園公開轉錄、Kanripo 漢籍全文資料庫（僅作文字底本）", "caution": "王弼底本作「大道廢，有仁義。智慧出，有大僞。六親不和，有孝慈。國家昏亂，有忠臣」；河上公題「俗薄第十八」，唐玄宗、呂惠卿題「大道廢章第十八」；陸希聲、傅奕本「廢」「出」下並有「焉」字（傅奕據魏源校語，下同）；吳澄本作「六親不和有孝子」；傅奕本作「六親不和有孝子，國家昏亂有貞臣」；陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之各以整章一段通釋；蘇轍此章據焦竑《老子翼》所輯，底本「澹足」據文義校正為「贍足」；陸希聲底本「䄍賔」改通行字「蜡賓」；呂惠卿道藏本「德之返」，焦竑《老子翼》所輯作「德之反」。正文從王弼本，異文見校記。", "baseSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "baseEditionSimp": "王弼《老子注》通行本", "separationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、李荣《道德真经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》（《老子翼》所辑）、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》、王夫之《老子衍》诸本对校；陆希声、吕惠卿、李荣三家据《道藏》本，参焦竑《老子翼》所辑", "punctuationSimp": "数字转录所附现代标点，本站仅作阅读辅助，尚未逐字复核原刻", "digitalSimp": "中华典藏网、识典古籍、大道家园公开转录、Kanripo 汉籍全文资料库（仅作文字底本）", "cautionSimp": "王弼底本作「大道废，有仁义。智慧出，有大伪。六亲不和，有孝慈。国家昏乱，有忠臣」；河上公题「俗薄第十八」，唐玄宗、吕惠卿题「大道废章第十八」；陆希声、傅奕本「废」「出」下并有「焉」字（傅奕据魏源校语，下同）；吴澄本作「六亲不和有孝子」；傅奕本作「六亲不和有孝子，国家昏乱有贞臣」；陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之各以整章一段通释；苏辙此章据焦竑《老子翼》所辑，底本「澹足」据文义校正为「赡足」；陆希声底本「䄍賔」改通行字「蜡宾」；吕惠卿道藏本「德之返」，焦竑《老子翼》所辑作「德之反」。正文从王弼本，异文见校记。" }, "license": { "historical": "公有領域", "translation": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "code": "MIT" }, "stats": { "sentences": 4, "commentaries": 30, "charNotes": 10, "collations": 9 } }, "sources": [ { "id": "heshanggong", "name": "河上公章句", "short": "河上公", "author": "河上公", "work": "老子道德經章句", "era": "漢", "years": "傳漢文帝時", "color": "#a3542c", "desc": "分章句解，兼重治身與治國；此章題「俗薄」，以大道之時家有孝子、國有忠信而仁義不見；大道廢而惡逆生，乃有仁義；智慧之君貴文，下應以姦詐；六親絕乃有孝慈，政令不行乃有忠臣。", "count": 4, "nameSimp": "河上公章句", "workSimp": "老子道德经章句", "authorSimp": "河上公", "eraSimp": "汉", "yearsSimp": "传汉文帝时", "descSimp": "分章句解，兼重治身与治国；此章题「俗薄」，以大道之时家有孝子、国有忠信而仁义不见；大道废而恶逆生，乃有仁义；智慧之君贵文，下应以奸诈；六亲绝乃有孝慈，政令不行乃有忠臣。", "shortSimp": "河上公" }, { "id": "wangbi", "name": "王弼注", "short": "王注", "author": "王弼", "work": "老子道德經注", "era": "曹魏", "years": "226–249", "color": "#8c5a2b", "desc": "以崇本息末為宗；此章謂失無為之事而施慧立善，是道之進於物；行術用明以察姦，物知避之，故智慧出則大僞生；美惡同門，六親和、國家治則孝慈忠臣不知所在，魚相忘江湖而相濡之德生。", "count": 3, "nameSimp": "王弼注", "workSimp": "老子道德经注", "authorSimp": "王弼", "eraSimp": "曹魏", "yearsSimp": "226–249", "descSimp": "以崇本息末为宗；此章谓失无为之事而施慧立善，是道之进于物；行术用明以察奸，物知避之，故智慧出则大伪生；美恶同门，六亲和、国家治则孝慈忠臣不知所在，鱼相忘江湖而相濡之德生。", "shortSimp": "王注" }, { "id": "chengxuanying", "name": "成玄英疏", "short": "成疏", "author": "成玄英", "work": "老子道德經義疏", "era": "唐", "years": "約 608–669", "color": "#6b7a4a", "desc": "以重玄雙遣為宗；此章謂太上之教廢而仁義興、淳樸斯廢，引莊子「散道德以為仁義」；聖智治物則法令滋彰，下詐僞百端、還竊聖智以為僞具；六紀失序而孝慈著，昏亂之世而貞節彰。", "count": 4, "nameSimp": "成玄英疏", "workSimp": "老子道德经义疏", "authorSimp": "成玄英", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "约 608–669", "descSimp": "以重玄双遣为宗；此章谓太上之教废而仁义兴、淳朴斯废，引庄子「散道德以为仁义」；圣智治物则法令滋彰，下诈伪百端、还窃圣智以为伪具；六纪失序而孝慈着，昏乱之世而贞节彰。", "shortSimp": "成疏" }, { "id": "tangxuanzong", "name": "唐玄宗御注御疏", "short": "御注", "author": "李隆基", "work": "道德真經注疏", "era": "唐", "years": "685–762", "color": "#9b3d3d", "desc": "帝王御注，兼採諸家；御注謂澆淳散樸、大道不行而仁義見，法出奸生而有大偽，六親失道故有偏名，昏亂見危致命而有忠臣。御疏推明兼愛裁非、符璽斗斛、扇枕溫席、見危致命之義，歸於返樸。", "count": 8, "nameSimp": "唐玄宗御注御疏", "workSimp": "道德真经注疏", "authorSimp": "李隆基", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "685–762", "descSimp": "帝王御注，兼采诸家；御注谓浇淳散朴、大道不行而仁义见，法出奸生而有大伪，六亲失道故有偏名，昏乱见危致命而有忠臣。御疏推明兼爱裁非、符玺斗斛、扇枕温席、见危致命之义，归于返朴。", "shortSimp": "御注" }, { "id": "lirong", "name": "李榮注", "short": "李注", "author": "李榮", "work": "道德真經注", "era": "唐", "years": "生卒不詳", "color": "#4f6b7a", "desc": "唐初道士，以重玄遣執解《老》；此章謂道無興廢、時有澆淳，行偏愛之仁、用裁非之義則道廢；飾智慧以驚愚、競是非以先物則大偽生；和以不和標稱，孝因不孝立名；君昏臣亂而忠名顯。", "count": 4, "nameSimp": "李荣注", "workSimp": "道德真经注", "authorSimp": "李荣", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "生卒不详", "descSimp": "唐初道士，以重玄遣执解《老》；此章谓道无兴废、时有浇淳，行偏爱之仁、用裁非之义则道废；饰智慧以惊愚、竞是非以先物则大伪生；和以不和标称，孝因不孝立名；君昏臣乱而忠名显。", "shortSimp": "李注" }, { "id": "luxisheng", "name": "陸希聲傳", "short": "陸傳", "author": "陸希聲", "work": "道德經傳", "era": "唐", "years": "？–895", "color": "#6a5a7a", "desc": "以情性說道器；此章總為一傳，引《禮運》大同，明大道既隱而仁義始彰；智慧出而姦偽匿，引兩觀誅少正卯、春秋書楚子虔；父子天性，感物而情生，故孝慈之名顯；君昏民亂而忠臣之節著，終謂孔老不相悖。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "陆希声传", "workSimp": "道德经传", "authorSimp": "陆希声", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "？–895", "descSimp": "以情性说道器；此章总为一传，引《礼运》大同，明大道既隐而仁义始彰；智慧出而奸伪匿，引两观诛少正卯、春秋书楚子虔；父子天性，感物而情生，故孝慈之名显；君昏民乱而忠臣之节着，终谓孔老不相悖。", "shortSimp": "陆传" }, { "id": "lvhuiqing", "name": "呂惠卿傳", "short": "呂傳", "author": "呂惠卿", "work": "道德真經傳", "era": "北宋", "years": "1032–1111", "color": "#7a6a4a", "desc": "以道不可名為宗；此章謂名之為道已非道，分而為仁義則道廢；德有心而有眼，內視則敗，故智慧出而大偽生；仁義之弊至六親不和，大偽之弊至國家昏亂，去本愈遠。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "吕惠卿传", "workSimp": "道德真经传", "authorSimp": "吕惠卿", "eraSimp": "北宋", "yearsSimp": "1032–1111", "descSimp": "以道不可名为宗；此章谓名之为道已非道，分而为仁义则道废；德有心而有眼，内视则败，故智慧出而大伪生；仁义之弊至六亲不和，大伪之弊至国家昏乱，去本愈远。", "shortSimp": "吕传" }, { "id": "suzhe", "name": "蘇轍老子解", "short": "蘇解", "author": "蘇轍", "work": "老子解", "era": "北宋", "years": "1039–1112", "color": "#4a6a6a", "desc": "以道在宥天下為說；此章謂大道之隆，仁義行於其中而民不知，廢而後仁義見；以智慧加之則民以偽報；六親和、國家治則孝慈忠臣無名，引舜、龍逢、比干及涸澤之魚為喻。此章據焦竑《老子翼》所輯。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "苏辙老子解", "workSimp": "老子解", "authorSimp": "苏辙", "eraSimp": "北宋", "yearsSimp": "1039–1112", "descSimp": "以道在宥天下为说；此章谓大道之隆，仁义行于其中而民不知，废而后仁义见；以智慧加之则民以伪报；六亲和、国家治则孝慈忠臣无名，引舜、龙逢、比干及涸泽之鱼为喻。此章据焦竑《老子翼》所辑。", "shortSimp": "苏解" }, { "id": "wucheng", "name": "吳澄道德真經注", "short": "吳注", "author": "吳澄", "work": "道德真經注", "era": "元", "years": "1249–1333", "color": "#5a6a3a", "desc": "以大道降為仁義、智慧、大偽四等為說；此章謂大道廢而仁義、智慧出而大偽，其變愈亟；六親不和有孝子、國家昏亂有忠臣，乃推廣言之，孝慈忠臣本為常分，至失道而後顯。合第十七至十九章為其第十六章。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "吴澄道德真经注", "workSimp": "道德真经注", "authorSimp": "吴澄", "eraSimp": "元", "yearsSimp": "1249–1333", "descSimp": "以大道降为仁义、智慧、大伪四等为说；此章谓大道废而仁义、智慧出而大伪，其变愈亟；六亲不和有孝子、国家昏乱有忠臣，乃推广言之，孝慈忠臣本为常分，至失道而后显。合第十七至十九章为其第十六章。", "shortSimp": "吴注" }, { "id": "hanshan", "name": "憨山道德經解", "short": "憨山", "author": "釋德清", "work": "道德經解", "era": "明", "years": "1546–1623", "color": "#705a4a", "desc": "以內聖外王、返樸還淳為宗；此章謂大道無心愛物，仁義有心而有親疏，故大道廢有仁義；智巧一出，民因法作奸，故有大偽；孝慈忠臣之名皆因衰世而有，非老氏憤世之談。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "憨山道德经解", "workSimp": "道德经解", "authorSimp": "释德清", "eraSimp": "明", "yearsSimp": "1546–1623", "descSimp": "以内圣外王、返朴还淳为宗；此章谓大道无心爱物，仁义有心而有亲疏，故大道废有仁义；智巧一出，民因法作奸，故有大伪；孝慈忠臣之名皆因衰世而有，非老氏愤世之谈。", "shortSimp": "憨山" }, { "id": "weiyuan", "name": "魏源老子本義", "short": "魏本義", "author": "魏源", "work": "老子本義", "era": "清", "years": "1794–1857", "color": "#3d5a6a", "desc": "清儒治《老》，重校勘與通義；此章從吳澄合第十七至十九章為一章，謂大道廢而後有仁義其變猶緩、智慧出而遄有大偽其變甚亟，六親不和二語乃推廣言之；並存傅奕「焉」「孝子貞臣」異文。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "魏源老子本义", "workSimp": "老子本义", "authorSimp": "魏源", "eraSimp": "清", "yearsSimp": "1794–1857", "descSimp": "清儒治《老》，重校勘与通义；此章从吴澄合第十七至十九章为一章，谓大道废而后有仁义其变犹缓、智慧出而遄有大伪其变甚亟，六亲不和二语乃推广言之；并存傅奕「焉」「孝子贞臣」异文。", "shortSimp": "魏本义" }, { "id": "wangfuzhi", "name": "船山衍", "short": "船山", "author": "王夫之", "work": "老子衍", "era": "清", "years": "1619–1692", "color": "#3f5d52", "desc": "以「器成而和去」為說；此章謂桮棬成於匠而木死於山、罌盎成於陶而土死於邱，器成而所以飲天地之和者去；利在物而害在己謂之不全，善在己而敗在物謂之不公。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "船山衍", "workSimp": "老子衍", "authorSimp": "王夫之", "eraSimp": "清", "yearsSimp": "1619–1692", "descSimp": "以「器成而和去」为说；此章谓桮棬成于匠而木死于山、罂盎成于陶而土死于邱，器成而所以饮天地之和者去；利在物而害在己谓之不全，善在己而败在物谓之不公。", "shortSimp": "船山" }, { "id": "translator", "name": "本站今譯", "short": "今譯", "author": "LibreBook 編者", "work": "今譯", "era": "當代", "years": "", "color": "#8a8a8a", "desc": "編者據舊注與上下文所作語體今譯，供閱讀參照。", "count": 4, "nameSimp": "本站今译", "workSimp": "今译", "authorSimp": "LibreBook 编者", "eraSimp": "当代", "yearsSimp": "", "descSimp": "编者据旧注与上下文所作语体今译，供阅读参照。", "shortSimp": "今译" } ], "sentences": [ { "id": "s001", "paragraph": 1, "text": "大道廢，有仁義。", "textSimp": "大道废，有仁义。", "translation": "大道被废弃了，才出现仁义。", "translationTrad": "大道被廢棄了，才出現仁義。", "noteIds": [ "c001", "c005", "c008", "c012", "c016", "c020", "c024", "c025", "c026", "c027", "c028", "c029", "c030" ], "noteCount": 13, "charNoteIds": [ "n001", "n002" ], "key": "laozi-18:s001", "n": 1 }, { "id": "s002", "paragraph": 1, "text": "智慧出，有大僞。", "textSimp": "智慧出，有大伪。", "translation": "智巧出现了，才有严重的虚伪欺诈。", "translationTrad": "智巧出現了，才有嚴重的虛偽欺詐。", "noteIds": [ "c002", "c006", "c009", "c013", "c017", "c021", "c024", "c025", "c026", "c027", "c028", "c029", "c030" ], "noteCount": 13, "charNoteIds": [ "n003", "n004" ], "key": "laozi-18:s002", "n": 2 }, { "id": "s003", "paragraph": 1, "text": "六親不和，有孝慈。", "textSimp": "六亲不和，有孝慈。", "translation": "六亲不和睦，才显出孝慈。", "translationTrad": "六親不和睦，才顯出孝慈。", "noteIds": [ "c003", "c007", "c010", "c014", "c018", "c022", "c024", "c025", "c026", "c027", "c028", "c029", "c030" ], "noteCount": 13, "charNoteIds": [ "n005", "n006", "n007" ], "key": "laozi-18:s003", "n": 3 }, { "id": "s004", "paragraph": 1, "text": "國家昏亂，有忠臣。", "textSimp": "国家昏乱，有忠臣。", "translation": "国家昏乱，才显出忠臣。", "translationTrad": "國家昏亂，才顯出忠臣。", "noteIds": [ "c004", "c007", "c011", "c015", "c019", "c023", "c024", "c025", "c026", "c027", "c028", "c029", "c030" ], "noteCount": 13, "charNoteIds": [ "n008", "n009", "n010" ], "key": "laozi-18:s004", "n": 4 } ], "commentaries": [ { "id": "c001", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "大道廢，有仁義", "kind": "note", "text": "大道之時，家有孝子，國有忠信，仁義不見。大道廢不用，而惡逆生，乃有仁義可傳道。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "textSimp": "大道之时，家有孝子，国有忠信，仁义不见。大道废不用，而恶逆生，乃有仁义可传道。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》", "lemmaSimp": "大道废，有仁义" }, { "id": "c002", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "智慧出，有大僞", "kind": "note", "text": "智慧之君賤德貴言，賤質貴文，下則應之以大偽奸詐。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "textSimp": "智慧之君贱德贵言，贱质贵文，下则应之以大伪奸诈。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》", "lemmaSimp": "智慧出，有大伪" }, { "id": "c003", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "六親不和，有孝慈", "kind": "note", "text": "六親絕，親戚不和，乃有孝慈相牧養。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "textSimp": "六亲绝，亲戚不和，乃有孝慈相牧养。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》", "lemmaSimp": "六亲不和，有孝慈" }, { "id": "c004", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "國家昏亂，有忠臣", "kind": "note", "text": "政令不行，上下相怨，邪辟爭權，乃有忠臣匡救其君也。此言天下太平不知仁，人盡無欲不知廉，各潔己不知貞。故大道之世，孝慈滅，仁義沒，猶日月盛明，眾星失光。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "textSimp": "政令不行，上下相怨，邪辟争权，乃有忠臣匡救其君也。此言天下太平不知仁，人尽无欲不知廉，各洁己不知贞。故大道之世，孝慈灭，仁义没，犹日月盛明，众星失光。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》", "lemmaSimp": "国家昏乱，有忠臣" }, { "id": "c005", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "大道廢，有仁義", "kind": "note", "text": "失無為之事，更以施慧立善，道進物也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》", "textSimp": "失无为之事，更以施慧立善，道进物也。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》", "lemmaSimp": "大道废，有仁义" }, { "id": "c006", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "智慧出，有大僞", "kind": "note", "text": "行術用明，以察姦僞；趣睹形見，物知避之，故智慧出則大僞生也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》", "textSimp": "行术用明，以察奸伪；趣睹形见，物知避之，故智慧出则大伪生也。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》", "lemmaSimp": "智慧出，有大伪" }, { "id": "c007", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "六親不和，有孝慈；國家昏亂，有忠臣", "kind": "note", "text": "甚美之名，生於大惡，所謂美惡同門。六親，父子兄弟夫婦也。若六親自和，國家自治，則孝慈忠臣不知其所在矣。魚相忘於江湖之道，則相濡之德生也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》", "textSimp": "甚美之名，生于大恶，所谓美恶同门。六亲，父子兄弟夫妇也。若六亲自和，国家自治，则孝慈忠臣不知其所在矣。鱼相忘于江湖之道，则相濡之德生也。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》", "lemmaSimp": "六亲不和，有孝慈；国家昏乱，有忠臣" }, { "id": "c008", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "大道廢，有仁義", "kind": "note", "text": "即是太上之教廢也。言大道之世，五德不彰；仁義既興，淳樸斯廢。故莊子云「散道德以為仁義，聖人之罪也」，又云「相喣以濕，不如相忘於江湖」。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "即是太上之教废也。言大道之世，五德不彰；仁义既兴，淳朴斯废。故庄子云「散道德以为仁义，圣人之罪也」，又云「相喣以湿，不如相忘于江湖」。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "lemmaSimp": "大道废，有仁义" }, { "id": "c009", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "智慧出，有大僞", "kind": "note", "text": "智慧，聖智也。上以聖智治物，法令滋彰，下則詐僞百端以避刑網，還竊聖智以為僞具，智之害物，備在莊文。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "智慧，圣智也。上以圣智治物，法令滋彰，下则诈伪百端以避刑网，还窃圣智以为伪具，智之害物，备在庄文。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "lemmaSimp": "智慧出，有大伪" }, { "id": "c010", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "六親不和，有孝慈", "kind": "note", "text": "六親謂父子兄弟夫妻也。淳和之世，偏愛不彰；六紀失序，孝慈方著。是以周德既衰，澆競斯起，致彼曾閔之孝，顯其高行也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "六亲谓父子兄弟夫妻也。淳和之世，偏爱不彰；六纪失序，孝慈方着。是以周德既衰，浇竞斯起，致彼曾闵之孝，显其高行也。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "lemmaSimp": "六亲不和，有孝慈" }, { "id": "c011", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "國家昏亂，有忠臣", "kind": "note", "text": "萬乘之主以四海為家，故言國家。但至治之時，忠誠不見；昏亂之世，貞節斯彰。是以龍逄名芳於夏桀，比干譽美於商紂。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "万乘之主以四海为家，故言国家。但至治之时，忠诚不见；昏乱之世，贞节斯彰。是以龙逄名芳于夏桀，比干誉美于商纣。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "lemmaSimp": "国家昏乱，有忠臣" }, { "id": "c012", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "大道廢，有仁義", "kind": "note", "text": "澆淳散樸，大道不行，曰仁與義。小成遂作，濡沫生於不足，凋弊起於有為。然則聖人救代之心未嘗異，而夷險之迹不得一爾。", "authorNote": "「代」避唐諱", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "textSimp": "浇淳散朴，大道不行，曰仁与义。小成遂作，濡沫生于不足，凋弊起于有为。然则圣人救代之心未尝异，而夷险之迹不得一尔。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（「代」避唐諱）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》", "authorNoteSimp": "「代」避唐讳", "lemmaSimp": "大道废，有仁义" }, { "id": "c013", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "智慧出，有大僞", "kind": "note", "text": "用智慧者，將立法也。法出而奸生，則有大偽矣。并竊符璽，可不信然？", "authorNote": "", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "textSimp": "用智慧者，将立法也。法出而奸生，则有大伪矣。并窃符玺，可不信然？", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》", "lemmaSimp": "智慧出，有大伪" }, { "id": "c014", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "六親不和，有孝慈", "kind": "note", "text": "父子夫婦兄弟，六親也。疏戚無倫，不和也。各親各子，有孝慈也。皆由失道，故有偏名也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "textSimp": "父子夫妇兄弟，六亲也。疏戚无伦，不和也。各亲各子，有孝慈也。皆由失道，故有偏名也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》", "lemmaSimp": "六亲不和，有孝慈" }, { "id": "c015", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "國家昏亂，有忠臣", "kind": "note", "text": "太平之時，上下交足，何異名乎？昏亂之日，見危致命，有忠臣矣。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "textSimp": "太平之时，上下交足，何异名乎？昏乱之日，见危致命，有忠臣矣。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》", "lemmaSimp": "国家昏乱，有忠臣" }, { "id": "c016", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "大道廢，有仁義", "kind": "note", "text": "大道廢者，代俗澆漓，人人浮競，玄晏之風斯泯，穆清之化不存，失夫至道無為之事，故云廢也。廢則有兼愛之仁、裁非之義，踧踖於其間矣。故莊子曰「道隱於小成」，小成謂仁義等各自其成，不能大通，故謂之小成爾。", "authorNote": "「代」避唐諱；「踧踖」底本作罕見異體，今改通行字", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "textSimp": "大道废者，代俗浇漓，人人浮竞，玄晏之风斯泯，穆清之化不存，失夫至道无为之事，故云废也。废则有兼爱之仁、裁非之义，踧踖于其间矣。故庄子曰「道隐于小成」，小成谓仁义等各自其成，不能大通，故谓之小成尔。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（「代」避唐諱；「踧踖」底本作罕見異體，今改通行字）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》", "authorNoteSimp": "「代」避唐讳；「踧踖」底本作罕见异体，今改通行字", "lemmaSimp": "大道废，有仁义" }, { "id": "c017", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "智慧出，有大僞", "kind": "note", "text": "智慧出者，謂後代之人役用智慧，立法以檢俗，制典以詰奸；恐其不信，作符璽以信之；恐其不平，為斗斛以量之。而不仁之人兼盜符璽，并竊斗斛，則夫智慧之作法，適足侈大其詐僞，故云有大僞矣。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "textSimp": "智慧出者，谓后代之人役用智慧，立法以检俗，制典以诘奸；恐其不信，作符玺以信之；恐其不平，为斗斛以量之。而不仁之人兼盗符玺，并窃斗斛，则夫智慧之作法，适足侈大其诈伪，故云有大伪矣。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》", "lemmaSimp": "智慧出，有大伪" }, { "id": "c018", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "六親不和，有孝慈", "kind": "note", "text": "六親者，父子兄弟夫婦也。夫大同之俗，無自私之親；及乎上下不和，怨恩私起，則有扇枕溫席人謂之孝，出復入顧人謂之慈。被慈孝之名，有自矜之色，殊不知大道之代，天下為家，上承下綏，自然之分足，視人猶己，不獨親其親，則天下之人皆可孝也；人亦視之猶己，不獨子其子，則天下之人皆可慈也，則孝慈之名復何所施乎？", "authorNote": "", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "textSimp": "六亲者，父子兄弟夫妇也。夫大同之俗，无自私之亲；及乎上下不和，怨恩私起，则有扇枕温席人谓之孝，出复入顾人谓之慈。被慈孝之名，有自矜之色，殊不知大道之代，天下为家，上承下绥，自然之分足，视人犹己，不独亲其亲，则天下之人皆可孝也；人亦视之犹己，不独子其子，则天下之人皆可慈也，则孝慈之名复何所施乎？", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》", "lemmaSimp": "六亲不和，有孝慈" }, { "id": "c019", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "國家昏亂，有忠臣", "kind": "note", "text": "忠者，人臣之職分，而云有忠臣者何？由人主失御臣之道，令佞主之人獲進，親君於昏暗，使生禍亂，則有見危致命、蒙死難以匡社稷而獲忠臣之名。若夫道化大行，無為清靜，聖皇多士，盡是夔龍，彝倫攸序，無非作乂，然後忠孝之名息，淳樸之道興，則於忠臣孝子何有？此四者頽弊之極也，焉得不返之於淳樸乎？", "authorNote": "", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "textSimp": "忠者，人臣之职分，而云有忠臣者何？由人主失御臣之道，令佞主之人获进，亲君于昏暗，使生祸乱，则有见危致命、蒙死难以匡社稷而获忠臣之名。若夫道化大行，无为清静，圣皇多士，尽是夔龙，彝伦攸序，无非作乂，然后忠孝之名息，淳朴之道兴，则于忠臣孝子何有？此四者颓弊之极也，焉得不返之于淳朴乎？", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》", "lemmaSimp": "国家昏乱，有忠臣" }, { "id": "c020", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "大道廢，有仁義", "kind": "note", "text": "夫重玄之境，氣象不能私；至虛之理，空有未足議。迎隨不得，何始何終乎？盛衰無變，何廢何興乎？純粹之日，彼此不隔於親疏；靜恭之辰，上下不彰於貴賤。自然符會，未待結繩；蹈乎大方，寧資書契？時冥至一，故言道興。行偏愛之仁，用裁非之義，澆薄斯作，不能行道，故言道廢。時有澆淳，道無興廢。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "夫重玄之境，气象不能私；至虚之理，空有未足议。迎随不得，何始何终乎？盛衰无变，何废何兴乎？纯粹之日，彼此不隔于亲疏；静恭之辰，上下不彰于贵贱。自然符会，未待结绳；蹈乎大方，宁资书契？时冥至一，故言道兴。行偏爱之仁，用裁非之义，浇薄斯作，不能行道，故言道废。时有浇淳，道无兴废。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "大道废，有仁义" }, { "id": "c021", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "智慧出，有大僞", "kind": "note", "text": "昏昏默默，道之極也；昧昧晦晦，行之至也。未能光而不耀，故知飾智慧以驚愚，競是非以先物，是非迭起，姦巧互生，盜跖履之以為盜，田成乘之而竊國，斯大偽也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "昏昏默默，道之极也；昧昧晦晦，行之至也。未能光而不耀，故知饰智慧以惊愚，竞是非以先物，是非迭起，奸巧互生，盗跖履之以为盗，田成乘之而窃国，斯大伪也。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "智慧出，有大伪" }, { "id": "c022", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "六親不和，有孝慈", "kind": "note", "text": "父子兄弟夫妻，六親也。彼此相須，是非不作；長短相形，好惡斯起。和以不和標稱，孝因不孝立名也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "父子兄弟夫妻，六亲也。彼此相须，是非不作；长短相形，好恶斯起。和以不和标称，孝因不孝立名也。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "六亲不和，有孝慈" }, { "id": "c023", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "國家昏亂，有忠臣", "kind": "note", "text": "羲農之時，未聞股肱之節；桀紂之日，始稱關比之賢。故知旭日麗天，星宿無以照其景；時雨降矣，浸灌無以著其功。若君昏於上，臣亂於下，有能內輔其君，外靜於寇，忠名顯矣。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "羲农之时，未闻股肱之节；桀纣之日，始称关比之贤。故知旭日丽天，星宿无以照其景；时雨降矣，浸灌无以着其功。若君昏于上，臣乱于下，有能内辅其君，外静于寇，忠名显矣。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "国家昏乱，有忠臣" }, { "id": "c024", "block": 0, "source": "luxisheng", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "第十八章", "kind": "note", "text": "夫老氏之指，執古御今，故辨其必然之理，蓋不得已而為之者。後世不能通其意，乃謂不合於仲尼，在此與後章也。於乎！老氏之受誣久矣，吾今乃闡而明之。記不云乎：大道之行也，人不獨親其親，不獨子其子，貨惡其棄於地，不必藏於己；力惡其不出諸身，不必為己。故姦謀不興，亂賊不作，外戶不閉，是謂大同。當此時也，鑿井而飲，耕田而食，日出而作，日入而息，帝何力於我哉？下知有之而已，豈容行仁義於其間哉？大道既隱，人各親其親，各子其子，貨力為己，仁義為治，以正君臣，以篤父子，以睦兄弟，以和夫婦，百姓親而譽之，而仁義始彰矣。由此言之，樸散為器，豈非大道廢焉有仁義耶？是以仲尼興歎於蜡賓，老氏垂文於道論，其指一也。夫聖人智周萬物而不以飾行，慧利天下而不以示義，方此時人未知為智慧也。遠世下衰，爭奪滋生，用智以行其姦，用慧以賊其義，然後智慧之術顯而姦僞之跡匿矣，豈非智慧出焉有大僞耶？是以兩觀之誅少正卯，春秋之書楚子虔，然則仲尼之意與老氏何異？至若父子之道，天性也。率天之性，薰然大和，父子相親，孰知慈孝？及為外物所誘，性化為情，情生而物或間之，則有離其天性者矣。聖人修道為教，以順天下，使父子交相愛而孝慈之名顯矣，故曰六親不和有孝慈。是以瞽叟頑而舜稱大孝，曾晳嚴而參稱能養，斯必然之理也，豈老氏非之哉？至如飛龍在天，賢人在位，股肱元首無所間，然乃其君昏於上，民亂於下，然後亡身徇國之節著，拂心逆耳之言發，故曰國家昏亂有忠臣。是以夏癸立而龍逄彰，殷辛亡而比干顯，斯不得已而為之者，又豈老氏非之耶？學者能統會其旨，則孔老之術不相悖矣。", "authorNote": "整章一注", "citation": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "夫老氏之指，执古御今，故辨其必然之理，盖不得已而为之者。后世不能通其意，乃谓不合于仲尼，在此与后章也。於乎！老氏之受诬久矣，吾今乃阐而明之。记不云乎：大道之行也，人不独亲其亲，不独子其子，货恶其弃于地，不必藏于己；力恶其不出诸身，不必为己。故奸谋不兴，乱贼不作，外户不闭，是谓大同。当此时也，凿井而饮，耕田而食，日出而作，日入而息，帝何力于我哉？下知有之而已，岂容行仁义于其间哉？大道既隐，人各亲其亲，各子其子，货力为己，仁义为治，以正君臣，以笃父子，以睦兄弟，以和夫妇，百姓亲而誉之，而仁义始彰矣。由此言之，朴散为器，岂非大道废焉有仁义耶？是以仲尼兴叹于蜡宾，老氏垂文于道论，其指一也。夫圣人智周万物而不以饰行，慧利天下而不以示义，方此时人未知为智慧也。远世下衰，争夺滋生，用智以行其奸，用慧以贼其义，然后智慧之术显而奸伪之迹匿矣，岂非智慧出焉有大伪耶？是以两观之诛少正卯，春秋之书楚子虔，然则仲尼之意与老氏何异？至若父子之道，天性也。率天之性，薰然大和，父子相亲，孰知慈孝？及为外物所诱，性化为情，情生而物或间之，则有离其天性者矣。圣人修道为教，以顺天下，使父子交相爱而孝慈之名显矣，故曰六亲不和有孝慈。是以瞽叟顽而舜称大孝，曾晳严而参称能养，斯必然之理也，岂老氏非之哉？至如飞龙在天，贤人在位，股肱元首无所间，然乃其君昏于上，民乱于下，然后亡身徇国之节着，拂心逆耳之言发，故曰国家昏乱有忠臣。是以夏癸立而龙逄彰，殷辛亡而比干显，斯不得已而为之者，又岂老氏非之耶？学者能统会其旨，则孔老之术不相悖矣。", "citationFull": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本）（整章一注）", "citationSimp": "陆希声《道德经传》（《道藏》本）", "authorNoteSimp": "整章一注", "lemmaSimp": "第十八章" }, { "id": "c025", "block": 0, "source": "lvhuiqing", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "第十八章", "kind": "note", "text": "傳曰：道不可名，名之為道，已非道也，則又分而為仁義，豈道之全哉？則有仁義者，固大道之廢也。賊莫大乎德有心而心有眼，及有眼而內視，內視則敗矣，則智慧出固所以有大僞也。僞者，德之返也。有仁義則其弊至於六親不和而有孝慈矣，有大僞則其弊至於國家昏亂而有忠臣矣。是故有瞽瞍之頑嚚、弟象之傲，而後有舜；有桀紂之暴，而後有龍逄、比干。此無他，去本愈遠而已矣。", "authorNote": "整章一注", "citation": "呂惠卿《道德真經傳》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "传曰：道不可名，名之为道，已非道也，则又分而为仁义，岂道之全哉？则有仁义者，固大道之废也。贼莫大乎德有心而心有眼，及有眼而内视，内视则败矣，则智慧出固所以有大伪也。伪者，德之返也。有仁义则其弊至于六亲不和而有孝慈矣，有大伪则其弊至于国家昏乱而有忠臣矣。是故有瞽瞍之顽嚚、弟象之傲，而后有舜；有桀纣之暴，而后有龙逄、比干。此无他，去本愈远而已矣。", "citationFull": "呂惠卿《道德真經傳》（《道藏》本）（整章一注）", "citationSimp": "吕惠卿《道德真经传》（《道藏》本）", "authorNoteSimp": "整章一注", "lemmaSimp": "第十八章" }, { "id": "c026", "block": 0, "source": "suzhe", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "第十八章", "kind": "note", "text": "大道之隆也，仁義行於其中而民不知；大道廢而後仁義見矣。世不知道之足以贍足萬物也，而以智慧加之，於是民始以僞報之矣。六親方和，孰非孝慈？國家方治，孰非忠臣？堯非不孝也，而獨稱舜，無瞽叟也；伊尹、周公非不忠也，而獨稱龍逢、比干，無桀紂也。涸澤之魚，相呴以沫，相濡以濕，不如相忘於江湖。", "authorNote": "整章一注；據《老子翼》所輯，「澹足」校正為「贍足」", "citation": "蘇轍《老子解》（《老子翼》所輯）", "textSimp": "大道之隆也，仁义行于其中而民不知；大道废而后仁义见矣。世不知道之足以赡足万物也，而以智慧加之，于是民始以伪报之矣。六亲方和，孰非孝慈？国家方治，孰非忠臣？尧非不孝也，而独称舜，无瞽叟也；伊尹、周公非不忠也，而独称龙逢、比干，无桀纣也。涸泽之鱼，相呴以沫，相濡以湿，不如相忘于江湖。", "citationFull": "蘇轍《老子解》（《老子翼》所輯）（整章一注；據《老子翼》所輯，「澹足」校正為「贍足」）", "citationSimp": "苏辙《老子解》（《老子翼》所辑）", "authorNoteSimp": "整章一注；据《老子翼》所辑，「澹足」校正为「赡足」", "lemmaSimp": "第十八章" }, { "id": "c027", "block": 0, "source": "wucheng", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "第十八章", "kind": "note", "text": "上文不知有之者，大道也；親譽之者，仁義也；畏侮之者，智慧也。自大道一降再降，已是三等，智慧又變為大僞，則共有四等也。然大道廢而後有仁義，則其變猶稍緩；智慧出而遄有大僞，則其變為甚亟。四者之分，與邵子所言皇帝王伯、聖賢才術之等，略相似。六親不和有孝子，國家昏亂有忠臣，此言大道廢有仁義之事，然與上文之意微不同，蓋推廣言之爾。六親，父子兄弟夫婦也。尊卑長幼各由其道而無有不和，則子之孝者乃其常分，不知其為孝也。瞽叟不父，嚚傲參會，而後知有大舜之孝子。國謂君，家謂臣，君臣上下各由其道而無有昏亂，則臣之忠者亦其常分，不知其為忠也。商紂不君，姦回羣聚，而後知有三代之忠臣。", "authorNote": "整章一注", "citation": "吳澄《道德真經注》", "textSimp": "上文不知有之者，大道也；亲誉之者，仁义也；畏侮之者，智慧也。自大道一降再降，已是三等，智慧又变为大伪，则共有四等也。然大道废而后有仁义，则其变犹稍缓；智慧出而遄有大伪，则其变为甚亟。四者之分，与邵子所言皇帝王伯、圣贤才术之等，略相似。六亲不和有孝子，国家昏乱有忠臣，此言大道废有仁义之事，然与上文之意微不同，盖推广言之尔。六亲，父子兄弟夫妇也。尊卑长幼各由其道而无有不和，则子之孝者乃其常分，不知其为孝也。瞽叟不父，嚚傲参会，而后知有大舜之孝子。国谓君，家谓臣，君臣上下各由其道而无有昏乱，则臣之忠者亦其常分，不知其为忠也。商纣不君，奸回群聚，而后知有三代之忠臣。", "citationFull": "吳澄《道德真經注》（整章一注）", "citationSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》", "authorNoteSimp": "整章一注", "lemmaSimp": "第十八章" }, { "id": "c028", "block": 0, "source": "hanshan", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "第十八章", "kind": "note", "text": "此承上章言世道愈流愈下，以釋其次親之譽之之意也。大道無心愛物，而物物各得其所；仁義則有心愛物，即有親疏區別之分，故曰大道廢，有仁義。智慧，謂聖人治天下之智巧，即禮樂權衡斗斛法令之事。然上古不識不知，而民自朴素；及乎中古，民情日鑿，而治天下者乃以智巧設法以治之。殊不知智巧一出，而民則因法作奸，故曰智慧出，有大偽。上古雖無孝慈之名，而父子之情自足；及乎衰世之道，為父不慈者眾，故立慈以規天下之父；為子不孝者眾，以立孝以教天下之子。是則孝慈之名，因六親不和而後有也。蓋忠臣以諫人主得名。上古之世，君道無為而天下自治，臣道未嘗不忠，而亦未嘗以忠立名。及乎衰世，人君荒淫無度，雖有為而不足以治天下，故臣有殺身諫諍，不足以盡其忠者。是則忠臣之名，因國家昏亂而有也。此老子因見世道衰微，思復太古之治，殆非憤世勵俗之談也。", "authorNote": "整章一注", "citation": "釋德清《道德經解》", "textSimp": "此承上章言世道愈流愈下，以释其次亲之誉之之意也。大道无心爱物，而物物各得其所；仁义则有心爱物，即有亲疏区别之分，故曰大道废，有仁义。智慧，谓圣人治天下之智巧，即礼乐权衡斗斛法令之事。然上古不识不知，而民自朴素；及乎中古，民情日凿，而治天下者乃以智巧设法以治之。殊不知智巧一出，而民则因法作奸，故曰智慧出，有大伪。上古虽无孝慈之名，而父子之情自足；及乎衰世之道，为父不慈者众，故立慈以规天下之父；为子不孝者众，以立孝以教天下之子。是则孝慈之名，因六亲不和而后有也。盖忠臣以谏人主得名。上古之世，君道无为而天下自治，臣道未尝不忠，而亦未尝以忠立名。及乎衰世，人君荒淫无度，虽有为而不足以治天下，故臣有杀身谏诤，不足以尽其忠者。是则忠臣之名，因国家昏乱而有也。此老子因见世道衰微，思复太古之治，殆非愤世励俗之谈也。", "citationFull": "釋德清《道德經解》（整章一注）", "citationSimp": "释德清《道德经解》", "authorNoteSimp": "整章一注", "lemmaSimp": "第十八章" }, { "id": "c029", "block": 0, "source": "weiyuan", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "第十八章", "kind": "note", "text": "河上公以「我自然」以上為一章，「大道廢」四句為一章，「絕仁棄義」至「無」末為一章。今考其詞義相承，別無更端，故《永樂大典》王弼本合後兩段為一章，得之矣。吳澄本并通三章為一，於義尤備，故從之。", "authorNote": "節引", "citation": "魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "河上公以「我自然」以上为一章，「大道废」四句为一章，「绝仁弃义」至「无」末为一章。今考其词义相承，别无更端，故《永乐大典》王弼本合后两段为一章，得之矣。吴澄本并通三章为一，于义尤备，故从之。", "citationFull": "魏源《老子本義》（節引）", "citationSimp": "魏源《老子本义》", "authorNoteSimp": "节引", "lemmaSimp": "第十八章" }, { "id": "c030", "block": 0, "source": "wangfuzhi", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "第十八章", "kind": "note", "text": "桮棬成於匠，而木死於山；罌盎成於陶，而土死於邱。其器是也，而所以飲天地之和者去之也。夫土木且有以飲，而況於人乎？而況於道乎？故利在物而害在己，謂之不全；善在己而敗在物，謂之不公。", "authorNote": "整章一注", "citation": "王夫之《老子衍》", "textSimp": "桮棬成于匠，而木死于山；罂盎成于陶，而土死于邱。其器是也，而所以饮天地之和者去之也。夫土木且有以饮，而况于人乎？而况于道乎？故利在物而害在己，谓之不全；善在己而败在物，谓之不公。", "citationFull": "王夫之《老子衍》（整章一注）", "citationSimp": "王夫之《老子衍》", "authorNoteSimp": "整章一注", "lemmaSimp": "第十八章" } ], "charNotes": [ { "id": "n001", "sentenceId": "s001", "start": 0, "end": 3, "char": "大道廢", "charSimp": "大道废", "startSimp": 0, "endSimp": 3, "pinyin": "dà dào fèi", "gloss": "大道被廢棄。廢，廢棄、衰廢；此謂無為之治不行。", "glossSimp": "大道被废弃。废，废弃、衰废；此谓无为之治不行。", "general": "河上公注：「大道廢不用，而惡逆生。」王弼注：「失無為之事，更以施慧立善。」御注：「澆淳散樸，大道不行。」", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「大道废不用，而恶逆生。」王弼注：「失无为之事，更以施慧立善。」御注：「浇淳散朴，大道不行。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "王弼注", "御注" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "王弼注", "御注" ] }, { "id": "n002", "sentenceId": "s001", "start": 5, "end": 7, "char": "仁義", "charSimp": "仁义", "startSimp": 5, "endSimp": 7, "pinyin": "rén yì", "gloss": "仁愛與裁非合宜。仁，兼愛；義，裁非合宜。", "glossSimp": "仁爱与裁非合宜。仁，兼爱；义，裁非合宜。", "general": "河上公注：「乃有仁義可傳道。」御疏：「兼愛之仁、裁非之義。」成玄英疏：「仁義既興，淳樸斯廢。」", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「乃有仁义可传道。」御疏：「兼爱之仁、裁非之义。」成玄英疏：「仁义既兴，淳朴斯废。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "御疏", "成玄英疏" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "御疏", "成玄英疏" ] }, { "id": "n003", "sentenceId": "s002", "start": 0, "end": 2, "char": "智慧", "charSimp": "智慧", "startSimp": 0, "endSimp": 2, "pinyin": "zhì huì", "gloss": "智巧、聰明；此指治天下的聖智、法令智巧。", "glossSimp": "智巧、聪明；此指治天下的圣智、法令智巧。", "general": "河上公注：「智慧之君賤德貴言。」成玄英疏：「智慧，聖智也。」御疏：「役用智慧，立法以檢俗。」", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「智慧之君贱德贵言。」成玄英疏：「智慧，圣智也。」御疏：「役用智慧，立法以检俗。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "御疏" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "御疏" ] }, { "id": "n004", "sentenceId": "s002", "start": 5, "end": 7, "char": "大僞", "charSimp": "大伪", "startSimp": 5, "endSimp": 7, "pinyin": "dà wěi", "gloss": "嚴重的虛偽欺詐。僞，虛偽、詐偽。", "glossSimp": "严重的虚伪欺诈。伪，虚伪、诈伪。", "general": "王弼注：「智慧出則大僞生也。」御注：「法出而奸生，則有大偽矣。」李榮注：「田成乘之而竊國，斯大偽也。」", "generalSimp": "王弼注：「智慧出则大伪生也。」御注：「法出而奸生，则有大伪矣。」李荣注：「田成乘之而窃国，斯大伪也。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "王弼注", "御注", "李榮注" ], "refsSimp": [ "王弼注", "御注", "李荣注" ] }, { "id": "n005", "sentenceId": "s003", "start": 0, "end": 2, "char": "六親", "charSimp": "六亲", "startSimp": 0, "endSimp": 2, "pinyin": "liù qīn", "gloss": "父子、兄弟、夫婦；一說兼及親戚。", "glossSimp": "父子、兄弟、夫妇；一说兼及亲戚。", "general": "王弼注：「六親，父子兄弟夫婦也。」御注：「父子夫婦兄弟，六親也。」成玄英疏：「六親謂父子兄弟夫妻也。」", "generalSimp": "王弼注：「六亲，父子兄弟夫妇也。」御注：「父子夫妇兄弟，六亲也。」成玄英疏：「六亲谓父子兄弟夫妻也。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "王弼注", "御注", "成玄英疏" ], "refsSimp": [ "王弼注", "御注", "成玄英疏" ] }, { "id": "n006", "sentenceId": "s003", "start": 2, "end": 4, "char": "不和", "charSimp": "不和", "startSimp": 2, "endSimp": 4, "pinyin": "bù hé", "gloss": "不和睦，失去倫序。", "glossSimp": "不和睦，失去伦序。", "general": "河上公注：「六親絕，親戚不和。」御注：「疏戚無倫，不和也。」御疏：「上下不和，怨恩私起。」", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「六亲绝，亲戚不和。」御注：「疏戚无伦，不和也。」御疏：「上下不和，怨恩私起。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "御注", "御疏" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "御注", "御疏" ] }, { "id": "n007", "sentenceId": "s003", "start": 6, "end": 8, "char": "孝慈", "charSimp": "孝慈", "startSimp": 6, "endSimp": 8, "pinyin": "xiào cí", "gloss": "子女孝順父母，父母慈愛子女。", "glossSimp": "子女孝顺父母，父母慈爱子女。", "general": "河上公注：「乃有孝慈相牧養。」御疏：「扇枕溫席人謂之孝，出復入顧人謂之慈。」成玄英疏：「六紀失序，孝慈方著。」", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「乃有孝慈相牧养。」御疏：「扇枕温席人谓之孝，出复入顾人谓之慈。」成玄英疏：「六纪失序，孝慈方着。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "御疏", "成玄英疏" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "御疏", "成玄英疏" ] }, { "id": "n008", "sentenceId": "s004", "start": 0, "end": 2, "char": "國家", "charSimp": "国家", "startSimp": 0, "endSimp": 2, "pinyin": "guó jiā", "gloss": "諸侯之國與卿大夫之家；此泛指邦國朝廷。", "glossSimp": "诸侯之国与卿大夫之家；此泛指邦国朝廷。", "general": "成玄英疏：「萬乘之主以四海為家，故言國家。」御注：「太平之時，上下交足。」河上公注：「政令不行，上下相怨。」", "generalSimp": "成玄英疏：「万乘之主以四海为家，故言国家。」御注：「太平之时，上下交足。」河上公注：「政令不行，上下相怨。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "成玄英疏", "御注", "河上公注" ], "refsSimp": [ "成玄英疏", "御注", "河上公注" ] }, { "id": "n009", "sentenceId": "s004", "start": 2, "end": 4, "char": "昏亂", "charSimp": "昏乱", "startSimp": 2, "endSimp": 4, "pinyin": "hūn luàn", "gloss": "昏暗混亂。", "glossSimp": "昏暗混乱。", "general": "御注：「昏亂之日，見危致命。」御疏：「親君於昏暗，使生禍亂。」王弼注：「國家自治，則忠臣不知其所在矣。」", "generalSimp": "御注：「昏乱之日，见危致命。」御疏：「亲君于昏暗，使生祸乱。」王弼注：「国家自治，则忠臣不知其所在矣。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "御注", "御疏", "王弼注" ], "refsSimp": [ "御注", "御疏", "王弼注" ] }, { "id": "n010", "sentenceId": "s004", "start": 6, "end": 8, "char": "忠臣", "charSimp": "忠臣", "startSimp": 6, "endSimp": 8, "pinyin": "zhōng chén", "gloss": "忠於君國、能匡救危難之臣。", "glossSimp": "忠于君国、能匡救危难之臣。", "general": "河上公注：「有忠臣匡救其君。」御注：「見危致命，有忠臣矣。」成玄英疏：「至治之時，忠誠不見；昏亂之世，貞節斯彰。」", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「有忠臣匡救其君。」御注：「见危致命，有忠臣矣。」成玄英疏：「至治之时，忠诚不见；昏乱之世，贞节斯彰。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "御注", "成玄英疏" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "御注", "成玄英疏" ] } ], "glossary": { "大道廢": "大道被廢棄。廢，廢棄、衰廢；此謂無為之治不行。", "仁義": "仁愛與裁非合宜。仁，兼愛；義，裁非合宜。", "智慧": "智巧、聰明；此指治天下的聖智、法令智巧。", "大僞": "嚴重的虛偽欺詐。僞，虛偽、詐偽。", "六親": "父子、兄弟、夫婦；一說兼及親戚。", "不和": "不和睦，失去倫序。", "孝慈": "子女孝順父母，父母慈愛子女。", "國家": "諸侯之國與卿大夫之家；此泛指邦國朝廷。", "昏亂": "昏暗混亂。", "忠臣": "忠於君國、能匡救危難之臣。" }, "collations": [ { "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "章次與吳澄、魏源合章", "text": "河上公題「俗薄第十八」，唐玄宗、呂惠卿題「大道廢章第十八」，王弼、李榮、陸希聲、蘇轍、憨山、王夫之皆以此章為第十八章；吳澄合第十七至十九章為其第十六章，篇末自題「右第十六章」；魏源從吳澄，亦合第十七至十九章為一章，此章為其中段。本站從通行分章。", "source": "河上公《老子道德經章句》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、王弼《老子道德經注》、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、釋德清《道德經解》、王夫之《老子衍》、吳澄《道德真經注》、魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "河上公题「俗薄第十八」，唐玄宗、吕惠卿题「大道废章第十八」，王弼、李荣、陆希声、苏辙、憨山、王夫之皆以此章为第十八章；吴澄合第十七至十九章为其第十六章，篇末自题「右第十六章」；魏源从吴澄，亦合第十七至十九章为一章，此章为其中段。本站从通行分章。", "headwordSimp": "章次与吴澄、魏源合章", "sourceSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、王弼《老子道德经注》、李荣《道德真经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、苏辙《老子解》、释德清《道德经解》、王夫之《老子衍》、吴澄《道德真经注》、魏源《老子本义》", "id": "k001" }, { "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "大道廢焉、智慧出焉", "text": "陸希聲本作「大道廢焉有仁義，智慧出焉有大僞」；傅奕本亦於「廢」「出」下並有「焉」字（據魏源校語）；王弼、河上公、唐玄宗、李榮、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之諸本無「焉」。正文從王弼本。", "source": "陸希聲《道德經傳》、魏源《老子本義》、王弼《老子道德經注》、河上公《老子道德經章句》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、李榮《道德真經注》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、王夫之《老子衍》", "textSimp": "陆希声本作「大道废焉有仁义，智慧出焉有大伪」；傅奕本亦于「废」「出」下并有「焉」字（据魏源校语）；王弼、河上公、唐玄宗、李荣、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之诸本无「焉」。正文从王弼本。", "headwordSimp": "大道废焉、智慧出焉", "sourceSimp": "陆希声《道德经传》、魏源《老子本义》、王弼《老子道德经注》、河上公《老子道德经章句》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、李荣《道德真经注》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、王夫之《老子衍》", "id": "k002" }, { "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "大僞與大偽", "text": "王弼、陸希聲、李榮本作「大僞」，河上公、唐玄宗御注御疏、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山諸本作「大偽」；僞、偽為異體字。正文從王弼本作「大僞」。", "source": "王弼《老子道德經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、李榮《道德真經注》、河上公《老子道德經章句》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》", "textSimp": "王弼、陆希声、李荣本作「大伪」，河上公、唐玄宗御注御疏、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、憨山诸本作「大伪」；伪、伪为异体字。正文从王弼本作「大伪」。", "headwordSimp": "大伪与大伪", "sourceSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、李荣《道德真经注》、河上公《老子道德经章句》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》", "id": "k003" }, { "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "孝慈與孝子", "text": "王弼、河上公、唐玄宗、李榮、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、憨山、魏源、王夫之諸本作「六親不和，有孝慈」；吳澄本作「六親不和有孝子」；傅奕本作「孝子貞臣」（據魏源校語）。正文從王弼本作「孝慈」。", "source": "王弼《老子道德經注》、河上公《老子道德經章句》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》、王夫之《老子衍》、吳澄《道德真經注》", "textSimp": "王弼、河上公、唐玄宗、李荣、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、憨山、魏源、王夫之诸本作「六亲不和，有孝慈」；吴澄本作「六亲不和有孝子」；傅奕本作「孝子贞臣」（据魏源校语）。正文从王弼本作「孝慈」。", "headwordSimp": "孝慈与孝子", "sourceSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》、河上公《老子道德经章句》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、李荣《道德真经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》、王夫之《老子衍》、吴澄《道德真经注》", "id": "k004" }, { "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "忠臣與貞臣", "text": "王弼、河上公、唐玄宗、李榮、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之諸本作「國家昏亂，有忠臣」；傅奕本作「貞臣」（據魏源校語）。正文從王弼本作「忠臣」。", "source": "王弼《老子道德經注》、河上公《老子道德經章句》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》、王夫之《老子衍》", "textSimp": "王弼、河上公、唐玄宗、李荣、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之诸本作「国家昏乱，有忠臣」；傅奕本作「贞臣」（据魏源校语）。正文从王弼本作「忠臣」。", "headwordSimp": "忠臣与贞臣", "sourceSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》、河上公《老子道德经章句》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、李荣《道德真经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》、王夫之《老子衍》", "id": "k005" }, { "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "呂惠卿德之返與德之反", "text": "呂惠卿《道德真經傳》道藏本作「僞者，德之返也」，焦竑《老子翼》所輯作「德之反」；返、反義近，今從道藏本。", "source": "呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、焦竑《老子翼》", "textSimp": "吕惠卿《道德真经传》道藏本作「伪者，德之返也」，焦竑《老子翼》所辑作「德之反」；返、反义近，今从道藏本。", "headwordSimp": "吕惠卿德之返与德之反", "sourceSimp": "吕惠卿《道德真经传》、焦竑《老子翼》", "id": "k006" }, { "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "蘇轍澹足與贍足", "text": "蘇轍此章據焦竑《老子翼》所輯，底本「世不知道之足以澹足萬物」，「澹」當作「贍」，據文義校正為「贍足」。", "source": "蘇轍《老子解》、焦竑《老子翼》", "textSimp": "苏辙此章据焦竑《老子翼》所辑，底本「世不知道之足以澹足万物」，「澹」当作「赡」，据文义校正为「赡足」。", "headwordSimp": "苏辙澹足与赡足", "sourceSimp": "苏辙《老子解》、焦竑《老子翼》", "id": "k007" }, { "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "陸希聲䄍賔與蜡賓", "text": "陸希聲底本「仲尼興歎於䄍賔」，「䄍賔」為「蜡賓」之異體，今改通行字；《禮記·禮運》「仲尼與於蜡賓」可證。", "source": "陸希聲《道德經傳》、《禮記·禮運》", "textSimp": "陆希声底本「仲尼兴叹于䄍賔」，「䄍賔」为「蜡宾」之异体，今改通行字；《礼记·礼运》「仲尼与于蜡宾」可证。", "headwordSimp": "陆希声䄍賔与蜡宾", "sourceSimp": "陆希声《道德经传》、《礼记·礼运》", "id": "k008" }, { "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "河上公國有忠信與國有忠臣", "text": "河上公注「國有忠信，仁義不見」，《玄德纂疏》所引作「國有忠臣則仁義不見」；「忠信」與下文仁義相應，於義為長，今從河上公本。", "source": "河上公《老子道德經章句》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "河上公注「国有忠信，仁义不见」，《玄德纂疏》所引作「国有忠臣则仁义不见」；「忠信」与下文仁义相应，于义为长，今从河上公本。", "headwordSimp": "河上公国有忠信与国有忠臣", "sourceSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "id": "k009" } ], "glossarySimp": { "大道废": "大道被废弃。废，废弃、衰废；此谓无为之治不行。", "仁义": "仁爱与裁非合宜。仁，兼爱；义，裁非合宜。", "智慧": "智巧、聪明；此指治天下的圣智、法令智巧。", "大伪": "严重的虚伪欺诈。伪，虚伪、诈伪。", "六亲": "父子、兄弟、夫妇；一说兼及亲戚。", "不和": "不和睦，失去伦序。", "孝慈": "子女孝顺父母，父母慈爱子女。", "国家": "诸侯之国与卿大夫之家；此泛指邦国朝廷。", "昏乱": "昏暗混乱。", "忠臣": "忠于君国、能匡救危难之臣。" }, "lexicon": { "note": "由构建脚本从字词注与常用字表生成，供义位词典和开放数据集使用；occurrence 统计按繁体与简体正文分别匹配后合并。", "entries": [ { "order": 1, "id": "n001", "noteId": "n001", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "大道廢", "headwordSimp": "大道废", "pinyin": "dà dào fèi", "gloss": "大道被廢棄。廢，廢棄、衰廢；此謂無為之治不行。", "glossSimp": "大道被废弃。废，废弃、衰废；此谓无为之治不行。", "general": "河上公注：「大道廢不用，而惡逆生。」王弼注：「失無為之事，更以施慧立善。」御注：「澆淳散樸，大道不行。」", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「大道废不用，而恶逆生。」王弼注：「失无为之事，更以施慧立善。」御注：「浇淳散朴，大道不行。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "王弼注", "御注" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "王弼注", "御注" ], "forms": [ { "form": "大道廢", "formSimp": "大道废", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 2, "id": "n002", "noteId": "n002", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "仁義", "headwordSimp": "仁义", "pinyin": "rén yì", "gloss": "仁愛與裁非合宜。仁，兼愛；義，裁非合宜。", "glossSimp": "仁爱与裁非合宜。仁，兼爱；义，裁非合宜。", "general": "河上公注：「乃有仁義可傳道。」御疏：「兼愛之仁、裁非之義。」成玄英疏：「仁義既興，淳樸斯廢。」", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「乃有仁义可传道。」御疏：「兼爱之仁、裁非之义。」成玄英疏：「仁义既兴，淳朴斯废。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "御疏", "成玄英疏" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "御疏", "成玄英疏" ], "forms": [ { "form": "仁義", "formSimp": "仁义", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 3, "id": "n003", "noteId": "n003", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "智慧", "headwordSimp": "智慧", "pinyin": "zhì huì", "gloss": "智巧、聰明；此指治天下的聖智、法令智巧。", "glossSimp": "智巧、聪明；此指治天下的圣智、法令智巧。", "general": "河上公注：「智慧之君賤德貴言。」成玄英疏：「智慧，聖智也。」御疏：「役用智慧，立法以檢俗。」", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「智慧之君贱德贵言。」成玄英疏：「智慧，圣智也。」御疏：「役用智慧，立法以检俗。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "御疏" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "御疏" ], "forms": [ { "form": "智慧", "formSimp": "智慧", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 4, "id": "n004", "noteId": "n004", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "大僞", "headwordSimp": "大伪", "pinyin": "dà wěi", "gloss": "嚴重的虛偽欺詐。僞，虛偽、詐偽。", "glossSimp": "严重的虚伪欺诈。伪，虚伪、诈伪。", "general": "王弼注：「智慧出則大僞生也。」御注：「法出而奸生，則有大偽矣。」李榮注：「田成乘之而竊國，斯大偽也。」", "generalSimp": "王弼注：「智慧出则大伪生也。」御注：「法出而奸生，则有大伪矣。」李荣注：「田成乘之而窃国，斯大伪也。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "王弼注", "御注", "李榮注" ], "refsSimp": [ "王弼注", "御注", "李荣注" ], "forms": [ { "form": "大僞", "formSimp": "大伪", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 5, "id": "n005", "noteId": "n005", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "六親", "headwordSimp": "六亲", "pinyin": "liù qīn", "gloss": "父子、兄弟、夫婦；一說兼及親戚。", "glossSimp": "父子、兄弟、夫妇；一说兼及亲戚。", "general": "王弼注：「六親，父子兄弟夫婦也。」御注：「父子夫婦兄弟，六親也。」成玄英疏：「六親謂父子兄弟夫妻也。」", "generalSimp": "王弼注：「六亲，父子兄弟夫妇也。」御注：「父子夫妇兄弟，六亲也。」成玄英疏：「六亲谓父子兄弟夫妻也。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "王弼注", "御注", "成玄英疏" ], "refsSimp": [ "王弼注", "御注", "成玄英疏" ], "forms": [ { "form": "六親", "formSimp": "六亲", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 6, "id": "n006", "noteId": "n006", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "不和", "headwordSimp": "不和", "pinyin": "bù hé", "gloss": "不和睦，失去倫序。", "glossSimp": "不和睦，失去伦序。", "general": "河上公注：「六親絕，親戚不和。」御注：「疏戚無倫，不和也。」御疏：「上下不和，怨恩私起。」", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「六亲绝，亲戚不和。」御注：「疏戚无伦，不和也。」御疏：「上下不和，怨恩私起。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "御注", "御疏" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "御注", "御疏" ], "forms": [ { "form": "不和", "formSimp": "不和", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 7, "id": "n007", "noteId": "n007", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "孝慈", "headwordSimp": "孝慈", "pinyin": "xiào cí", "gloss": "子女孝順父母，父母慈愛子女。", "glossSimp": "子女孝顺父母，父母慈爱子女。", "general": "河上公注：「乃有孝慈相牧養。」御疏：「扇枕溫席人謂之孝，出復入顧人謂之慈。」成玄英疏：「六紀失序，孝慈方著。」", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「乃有孝慈相牧养。」御疏：「扇枕温席人谓之孝，出复入顾人谓之慈。」成玄英疏：「六纪失序，孝慈方着。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "御疏", "成玄英疏" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "御疏", "成玄英疏" ], "forms": [ { "form": "孝慈", "formSimp": "孝慈", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 8, "id": "n008", "noteId": "n008", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "國家", "headwordSimp": "国家", "pinyin": "guó jiā", "gloss": "諸侯之國與卿大夫之家；此泛指邦國朝廷。", "glossSimp": "诸侯之国与卿大夫之家；此泛指邦国朝廷。", "general": "成玄英疏：「萬乘之主以四海為家，故言國家。」御注：「太平之時，上下交足。」河上公注：「政令不行，上下相怨。」", "generalSimp": "成玄英疏：「万乘之主以四海为家，故言国家。」御注：「太平之时，上下交足。」河上公注：「政令不行，上下相怨。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "成玄英疏", "御注", "河上公注" ], "refsSimp": [ "成玄英疏", "御注", "河上公注" ], "forms": [ { "form": "國家", "formSimp": "国家", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 9, "id": "n009", "noteId": "n009", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "昏亂", "headwordSimp": "昏乱", "pinyin": "hūn luàn", "gloss": "昏暗混亂。", "glossSimp": "昏暗混乱。", "general": "御注：「昏亂之日，見危致命。」御疏：「親君於昏暗，使生禍亂。」王弼注：「國家自治，則忠臣不知其所在矣。」", "generalSimp": "御注：「昏乱之日，见危致命。」御疏：「亲君于昏暗，使生祸乱。」王弼注：「国家自治，则忠臣不知其所在矣。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "御注", "御疏", "王弼注" ], "refsSimp": [ "御注", "御疏", "王弼注" ], "forms": [ { "form": "昏亂", "formSimp": "昏乱", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 10, "id": "n010", "noteId": "n010", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "忠臣", "headwordSimp": "忠臣", "pinyin": "zhōng chén", "gloss": "忠於君國、能匡救危難之臣。", "glossSimp": "忠于君国、能匡救危难之臣。", "general": "河上公注：「有忠臣匡救其君。」御注：「見危致命，有忠臣矣。」成玄英疏：「至治之時，忠誠不見；昏亂之世，貞節斯彰。」", "generalSimp": "河上公注：「有忠臣匡救其君。」御注：「见危致命，有忠臣矣。」成玄英疏：「至治之时，忠诚不见；昏乱之世，贞节斯彰。」", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "御注", "成玄英疏" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "御注", "成玄英疏" ], "forms": [ { "form": "忠臣", "formSimp": "忠臣", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 } ], "glossaryEntries": [ { "order": 11, "id": "g001", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "大道廢", "headwordSimp": "大道废", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "大道被廢棄。廢，廢棄、衰廢；此謂無為之治不行。", "glossSimp": "大道被废弃。废，废弃、衰废；此谓无为之治不行。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "大道廢", "formSimp": "大道废", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 12, "id": "g002", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "仁義", "headwordSimp": "仁义", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "仁愛與裁非合宜。仁，兼愛；義，裁非合宜。", "glossSimp": "仁爱与裁非合宜。仁，兼爱；义，裁非合宜。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "仁義", "formSimp": "仁义", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 13, "id": "g003", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "智慧", "headwordSimp": "智慧", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "智巧、聰明；此指治天下的聖智、法令智巧。", "glossSimp": "智巧、聪明；此指治天下的圣智、法令智巧。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "智慧", "formSimp": "智慧", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 14, "id": "g004", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "大僞", "headwordSimp": "大伪", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "嚴重的虛偽欺詐。僞，虛偽、詐偽。", "glossSimp": "严重的虚伪欺诈。伪，虚伪、诈伪。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "大僞", "formSimp": "大伪", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 15, "id": "g005", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "六親", "headwordSimp": "六亲", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "父子、兄弟、夫婦；一說兼及親戚。", "glossSimp": "父子、兄弟、夫妇；一说兼及亲戚。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "六親", "formSimp": "六亲", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 16, "id": "g006", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "不和", "headwordSimp": "不和", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "不和睦，失去倫序。", "glossSimp": "不和睦，失去伦序。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "不和", "formSimp": "不和", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 17, "id": "g007", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "孝慈", "headwordSimp": "孝慈", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "子女孝順父母，父母慈愛子女。", "glossSimp": "子女孝顺父母，父母慈爱子女。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "孝慈", "formSimp": "孝慈", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 18, "id": "g008", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "國家", "headwordSimp": "国家", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "諸侯之國與卿大夫之家；此泛指邦國朝廷。", "glossSimp": "诸侯之国与卿大夫之家；此泛指邦国朝廷。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "國家", "formSimp": "国家", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 19, "id": "g009", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "昏亂", "headwordSimp": "昏乱", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "昏暗混亂。", "glossSimp": "昏暗混乱。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "昏亂", "formSimp": "昏乱", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 20, "id": "g010", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "忠臣", "headwordSimp": "忠臣", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "忠於君國、能匡救危難之臣。", "glossSimp": "忠于君国、能匡救危难之臣。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "忠臣", "formSimp": "忠臣", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 } ] }, "relations": { "version": "1.0.0", "note": "第十八章四句的十二家對照。嚴遵道經原卷缺卷一至六，此章《玄德纂疏》無輯文，故不列；河上公、王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之十二家四組皆備。陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之各以整章一段通釋，故四組皆見；河上公、王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮則逐句分疏。", "concepts": [ { "id": "da-dao-fei-you-ren-yi", "name": "大道廢，有仁義", "nameTrad": "大道廢，有仁義", "question": "大道既廢，何以反有仁義？仁義是大道之補救，還是大道衰廢之徵？", "questionTrad": "大道既廢，何以反有仁義？仁義是大道之補救，還是大道衰廢之徵？", "intro": "首句言仁義之名生於大道之廢。河上公謂大道之時家有孝子、國有忠信而仁義不見，大道廢不用、惡逆生，乃有仁義可傳道；王弼謂失無為之事而更以施慧立善，是道進於物；成玄英謂太上之教廢、五德不彰，仁義既興而淳樸斯廢，引莊子「散道德以為仁義」；唐玄宗御注謂澆淳散樸、大道不行而曰仁與義，御疏申以兼愛之仁、裁非之義踧踖其間，引莊子「道隱於小成」；李榮謂道無興廢、時有澆淳，行偏愛之仁、用裁非之義則道廢；陸希聲引《禮運》大同，明大道既隱、人各親其親，仁義為治而仁義始彰；呂惠卿謂道不可名，分而為仁義則非道之全；蘇轍謂大道之隆仁義行於其中而民不知，廢而後仁義見；吳澄謂大道廢而後有仁義，其變猶緩；憨山謂大道無心愛物，仁義有心而有親疏之別；魏源謂大道廢而後有仁義，其變猶緩；王夫之喻桮棬成於匠而木死於山，器成而天地之和去。諸家皆以仁義為失道後之名，非謂仁義可棄。", "introTrad": "首句言仁義之名生於大道之廢。河上公謂大道之時家有孝子、國有忠信而仁義不見，大道廢不用、惡逆生，乃有仁義可傳道；王弼謂失無為之事而更以施慧立善，是道進於物；成玄英謂太上之教廢、五德不彰，仁義既興而淳樸斯廢，引莊子「散道德以為仁義」；唐玄宗御注謂澆淳散樸、大道不行而曰仁與義，御疏申以兼愛之仁、裁非之義踧踖其間，引莊子「道隱於小成」；李榮謂道無興廢、時有澆淳，行偏愛之仁、用裁非之義則道廢；陸希聲引《禮運》大同，明大道既隱、人各親其親，仁義為治而仁義始彰；呂惠卿謂道不可名，分而為仁義則非道之全；蘇轍謂大道之隆仁義行於其中而民不知，廢而後仁義見；吳澄謂大道廢而後有仁義，其變猶緩；憨山謂大道無心愛物，仁義有心而有親疏之別；魏源謂大道廢而後有仁義，其變猶緩；王夫之喻桮棬成於匠而木死於山，器成而天地之和去。諸家皆以仁義為失道後之名，非謂仁義可棄。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "大道之時仁義不見；大道廢而惡逆生，乃有仁義可傳道。", "thesisTrad": "大道之時仁義不見；大道廢而惡逆生，乃有仁義可傳道。", "noteIds": [ "c001" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "大道之时仁义不见；大道废而恶逆生，乃有仁义可传道。" }, "wangbi": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "失無為之事，更以施慧立善，是道進於物。", "thesisTrad": "失無為之事，更以施慧立善，是道進於物。", "noteIds": [ "c005" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "失无为之事，更以施慧立善，是道进于物。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "太上之教廢，五德不彰，仁義既興而淳樸斯廢。", "thesisTrad": "太上之教廢，五德不彰，仁義既興而淳樸斯廢。", "noteIds": [ "c008" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "太上之教废，五德不彰，仁义既兴而淳朴斯废。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "澆淳散樸、大道不行而曰仁與義；御疏申以兼愛裁非、道隱小成。", "thesisTrad": "澆淳散樸、大道不行而曰仁與義；御疏申以兼愛裁非、道隱小成。", "noteIds": [ "c012", "c016" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "浇淳散朴、大道不行而曰仁与义；御疏申以兼爱裁非、道隐小成。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "道無興廢，時有澆淳；行偏愛之仁、用裁非之義則道廢。", "thesisTrad": "道無興廢，時有澆淳；行偏愛之仁、用裁非之義則道廢。", "noteIds": [ "c020" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "道无兴废，时有浇淳；行偏爱之仁、用裁非之义则道废。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "大道既隱，仁義為治而仁義始彰；引《禮運》大同為證。", "thesisTrad": "大道既隱，仁義為治而仁義始彰；引《禮運》大同為證。", "noteIds": [ "c024" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "大道既隐，仁义为治而仁义始彰；引《礼运》大同为证。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "道不可名，分而為仁義則非道之全，有仁義固大道之廢。", "thesisTrad": "道不可名，分而為仁義則非道之全，有仁義固大道之廢。", "noteIds": [ "c025" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "道不可名，分而为仁义则非道之全，有仁义固大道之废。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "大道之隆仁義行於其中而民不知，廢而後仁義見。", "thesisTrad": "大道之隆仁義行於其中而民不知，廢而後仁義見。", "noteIds": [ "c026" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "大道之隆仁义行于其中而民不知，废而后仁义见。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "大道廢而後有仁義，其變猶稍緩。", "thesisTrad": "大道廢而後有仁義，其變猶稍緩。", "noteIds": [ "c027" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "大道废而后有仁义，其变犹稍缓。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "大道無心愛物，仁義有心而有親疏之別，故大道廢有仁義。", "thesisTrad": "大道無心愛物，仁義有心而有親疏之別，故大道廢有仁義。", "noteIds": [ "c028" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "大道无心爱物，仁义有心而有亲疏之别，故大道废有仁义。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "大道廢而後有仁義，其變猶緩。", "thesisTrad": "大道廢而後有仁義，其變猶緩。", "noteIds": [ "c029" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "大道废而后有仁义，其变犹缓。" }, "wangfuzhi": { "workType": "衍", "workTypeTrad": "衍", "thesis": "桮棬成於匠而木死於山，器成而天地之和去，利在物而害在己。", "thesisTrad": "桮棬成於匠而木死於山，器成而天地之和去，利在物而害在己。", "noteIds": [ "c030" ], "workTypeSimp": "衍", "thesisSimp": "桮棬成于匠而木死于山，器成而天地之和去，利在物而害在己。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c001", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公謂大道之時仁義不見，大道廢而惡逆生，乃有仁義可傳道。", "textTrad": "河上公謂大道之時仁義不見，大道廢而惡逆生，乃有仁義可傳道。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公谓大道之时仁义不见，大道废而恶逆生，乃有仁义可传道。" }, { "noteId": "c005", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "王弼謂失無為之事而施慧立善，是道進於物。", "textTrad": "王弼謂失無為之事而施慧立善，是道進於物。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "王弼谓失无为之事而施慧立善，是道进于物。" }, { "noteId": "c008", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英謂太上之教廢、五德不彰，仁義興而淳樸廢。", "textTrad": "成玄英謂太上之教廢、五德不彰，仁義興而淳樸廢。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英谓太上之教废、五德不彰，仁义兴而淳朴废。" }, { "noteId": "c012", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "唐玄宗謂澆淳散樸、大道不行而曰仁與義。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗謂澆淳散樸、大道不行而曰仁與義。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "唐玄宗谓浇淳散朴、大道不行而曰仁与义。" }, { "noteId": "c016", "relation": "御疏", "relationTrad": "御疏", "text": "御疏申以兼愛之仁、裁非之義踧踖其間，引莊子道隱小成。", "textTrad": "御疏申以兼愛之仁、裁非之義踧踖其間，引莊子道隱小成。", "relationSimp": "御疏", "textSimp": "御疏申以兼爱之仁、裁非之义踧踖其间，引庄子道隐小成。" }, { "noteId": "c020", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮謂道無興廢、時有澆淳，行偏愛之仁則道廢。", "textTrad": "李榮謂道無興廢、時有澆淳，行偏愛之仁則道廢。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣谓道无兴废、时有浇淳，行偏爱之仁则道废。" }, { "noteId": "c024", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "陸希聲引《禮運》大同，明大道既隱而仁義始彰。", "textTrad": "陸希聲引《禮運》大同，明大道既隱而仁義始彰。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "陆希声引《礼运》大同，明大道既隐而仁义始彰。" }, { "noteId": "c025", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "呂惠卿謂道不可名，分而為仁義則非道之全。", "textTrad": "呂惠卿謂道不可名，分而為仁義則非道之全。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "吕惠卿谓道不可名，分而为仁义则非道之全。" }, { "noteId": "c026", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "蘇轍謂大道之隆仁義行於其中而民不知，廢而後見。", "textTrad": "蘇轍謂大道之隆仁義行於其中而民不知，廢而後見。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "苏辙谓大道之隆仁义行于其中而民不知，废而后见。" }, { "noteId": "c027", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄謂大道廢而後有仁義，其變猶稍緩。", "textTrad": "吳澄謂大道廢而後有仁義，其變猶稍緩。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄谓大道废而后有仁义，其变犹稍缓。" }, { "noteId": "c028", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "憨山謂大道無心愛物，仁義有心而有親疏之別。", "textTrad": "憨山謂大道無心愛物，仁義有心而有親疏之別。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "憨山谓大道无心爱物，仁义有心而有亲疏之别。" }, { "noteId": "c029", "relation": "本義", "relationTrad": "本義", "text": "魏源謂大道廢而後有仁義，其變猶緩。", "textTrad": "魏源謂大道廢而後有仁義，其變猶緩。", "relationSimp": "本义", "textSimp": "魏源谓大道废而后有仁义，其变犹缓。" }, { "noteId": "c030", "relation": "衍", "relationTrad": "衍", "text": "王夫之喻器成而木死、土死，天地之和去。", "textTrad": "王夫之喻器成而木死、土死，天地之和去。", "relationSimp": "衍", "textSimp": "王夫之喻器成而木死、土死，天地之和去。" } ], "nameSimp": "大道废，有仁义", "questionSimp": "大道既废，何以反有仁义？仁义是大道之补救，还是大道衰废之征？", "introSimp": "首句言仁义之名生于大道之废。河上公谓大道之时家有孝子、国有忠信而仁义不见，大道废不用、恶逆生，乃有仁义可传道；王弼谓失无为之事而更以施慧立善，是道进于物；成玄英谓太上之教废、五德不彰，仁义既兴而淳朴斯废，引庄子「散道德以为仁义」；唐玄宗御注谓浇淳散朴、大道不行而曰仁与义，御疏申以兼爱之仁、裁非之义踧踖其间，引庄子「道隐于小成」；李荣谓道无兴废、时有浇淳，行偏爱之仁、用裁非之义则道废；陆希声引《礼运》大同，明大道既隐、人各亲其亲，仁义为治而仁义始彰；吕惠卿谓道不可名，分而为仁义则非道之全；苏辙谓大道之隆仁义行于其中而民不知，废而后仁义见；吴澄谓大道废而后有仁义，其变犹缓；憨山谓大道无心爱物，仁义有心而有亲疏之别；魏源谓大道废而后有仁义，其变犹缓；王夫之喻桮棬成于匠而木死于山，器成而天地之和去。诸家皆以仁义为失道后之名，非谓仁义可弃。" }, { "id": "zhi-hui-chu-you-da-wei", "name": "智慧出，有大僞", "nameTrad": "智慧出，有大僞", "question": "智慧何以生出大僞？是智慧本身為惡，還是以智治物、立法檢俗而姦偽隨生？", "questionTrad": "智慧何以生出大僞？是智慧本身為惡，還是以智治物、立法檢俗而姦偽隨生？", "intro": "次句言智巧之用為大僞之端。河上公謂智慧之君賤德貴言、賤質貴文，下應之以大偽奸詐；王弼謂行術用明以察姦僞，形見而物知避之，故智慧出則大僞生；成玄英謂智慧即聖智，上以聖智治物則法令滋彰，下詐僞百端以避刑網，還竊聖智以為僞具；唐玄宗御注謂用智慧者將立法，法出而奸生，并有竊符璽；御疏申以立法檢俗、制典詰奸，作符璽斗斛，不仁者兼盜並竊，智慧之作法適足侈大詐僞；李榮謂未能光而不耀，飾智慧以驚愚、競是非以先物，盜跖履之為盜、田成乘之竊國；陸希聲謂聖人智周萬物而不飾行、慧利天下而不示義，及世衰爭奪，用智行姦、用慧賊義，智慧之術顯而姦偽之跡匿，引兩觀誅少正卯、春秋書楚子虔；呂惠卿謂德有心而有眼，內視則敗，故智慧出而大僞生，偽者德之返；蘇轍謂世不知道足以贍足萬物而以智慧加之，民始以偽報；吳澄謂智慧又變為大僞，其變甚亟；憨山謂智巧即禮樂權衡斗斛法令，智巧一出而民因法作奸；魏源謂智慧出而遄有大僞，其變為甚亟；王夫之謂器成而和去，善在己而敗在物謂之不公。諸家皆不以智慧為可廢，而戒其以智治物、立法生奸。", "introTrad": "次句言智巧之用為大僞之端。河上公謂智慧之君賤德貴言、賤質貴文，下應之以大偽奸詐；王弼謂行術用明以察姦僞，形見而物知避之，故智慧出則大僞生；成玄英謂智慧即聖智，上以聖智治物則法令滋彰，下詐僞百端以避刑網，還竊聖智以為僞具；唐玄宗御注謂用智慧者將立法，法出而奸生，并有竊符璽；御疏申以立法檢俗、制典詰奸，作符璽斗斛，不仁者兼盜並竊，智慧之作法適足侈大詐僞；李榮謂未能光而不耀，飾智慧以驚愚、競是非以先物，盜跖履之為盜、田成乘之竊國；陸希聲謂聖人智周萬物而不飾行、慧利天下而不示義，及世衰爭奪，用智行姦、用慧賊義，智慧之術顯而姦偽之跡匿，引兩觀誅少正卯、春秋書楚子虔；呂惠卿謂德有心而有眼，內視則敗，故智慧出而大僞生，偽者德之返；蘇轍謂世不知道足以贍足萬物而以智慧加之，民始以偽報；吳澄謂智慧又變為大僞，其變甚亟；憨山謂智巧即禮樂權衡斗斛法令，智巧一出而民因法作奸；魏源謂智慧出而遄有大僞，其變為甚亟；王夫之謂器成而和去，善在己而敗在物謂之不公。諸家皆不以智慧為可廢，而戒其以智治物、立法生奸。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "智慧之君賤德貴言、賤質貴文，下應之以大偽奸詐。", "thesisTrad": "智慧之君賤德貴言、賤質貴文，下應之以大偽奸詐。", "noteIds": [ "c002" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "智慧之君贱德贵言、贱质贵文，下应之以大伪奸诈。" }, "wangbi": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "行術用明以察姦僞，物知避之，故智慧出則大僞生。", "thesisTrad": "行術用明以察姦僞，物知避之，故智慧出則大僞生。", "noteIds": [ "c006" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "行术用明以察奸伪，物知避之，故智慧出则大伪生。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "聖智治物則法令滋彰，下詐僞百端、還竊聖智以為僞具。", "thesisTrad": "聖智治物則法令滋彰，下詐僞百端、還竊聖智以為僞具。", "noteIds": [ "c009" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "圣智治物则法令滋彰，下诈伪百端、还窃圣智以为伪具。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "用智慧者將立法，法出奸生；御疏申以符璽斗斛適足侈大詐僞。", "thesisTrad": "用智慧者將立法，法出奸生；御疏申以符璽斗斛適足侈大詐僞。", "noteIds": [ "c013", "c017" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "用智慧者将立法，法出奸生；御疏申以符玺斗斛适足侈大诈伪。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "飾智慧以驚愚、競是非以先物，盜跖田成由是大偽。", "thesisTrad": "飾智慧以驚愚、競是非以先物，盜跖田成由是大偽。", "noteIds": [ "c021" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "饰智慧以惊愚、竞是非以先物，盗跖田成由是大伪。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "聖人智周萬物而不飾行，世衰則用智行姦、用慧賊義。", "thesisTrad": "聖人智周萬物而不飾行，世衰則用智行姦、用慧賊義。", "noteIds": [ "c024" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "圣人智周万物而不饰行，世衰则用智行奸、用慧贼义。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "德有心而有眼，內視則敗，故智慧出而大僞生。", "thesisTrad": "德有心而有眼，內視則敗，故智慧出而大僞生。", "noteIds": [ "c025" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "德有心而有眼，内视则败，故智慧出而大伪生。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "世不知道足以贍足萬物而以智慧加之，民始以偽報。", "thesisTrad": "世不知道足以贍足萬物而以智慧加之，民始以偽報。", "noteIds": [ "c026" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "世不知道足以赡足万物而以智慧加之，民始以伪报。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "智慧又變為大僞，其變為甚亟。", "thesisTrad": "智慧又變為大僞，其變為甚亟。", "noteIds": [ "c027" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "智慧又变为大伪，其变为甚亟。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "智巧即禮樂權衡斗斛法令，智巧一出而民因法作奸。", "thesisTrad": "智巧即禮樂權衡斗斛法令，智巧一出而民因法作奸。", "noteIds": [ "c028" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "智巧即礼乐权衡斗斛法令，智巧一出而民因法作奸。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "智慧出而遄有大僞，其變為甚亟。", "thesisTrad": "智慧出而遄有大僞，其變為甚亟。", "noteIds": [ "c029" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "智慧出而遄有大伪，其变为甚亟。" }, "wangfuzhi": { "workType": "衍", "workTypeTrad": "衍", "thesis": "器成而和去，善在己而敗在物謂之不公。", "thesisTrad": "器成而和去，善在己而敗在物謂之不公。", "noteIds": [ "c030" ], "workTypeSimp": "衍", "thesisSimp": "器成而和去，善在己而败在物谓之不公。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c002", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公謂智慧之君貴文，下應之以大偽奸詐。", "textTrad": "河上公謂智慧之君貴文，下應之以大偽奸詐。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公谓智慧之君贵文，下应之以大伪奸诈。" }, { "noteId": "c006", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "王弼謂行術用明以察姦，物知避之而大僞生。", "textTrad": "王弼謂行術用明以察姦，物知避之而大僞生。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "王弼谓行术用明以察奸，物知避之而大伪生。" }, { "noteId": "c009", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英謂法令滋彰，下詐僞百端、還竊聖智以為僞具。", "textTrad": "成玄英謂法令滋彰，下詐僞百端、還竊聖智以為僞具。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英谓法令滋彰，下诈伪百端、还窃圣智以为伪具。" }, { "noteId": "c013", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "唐玄宗謂用智慧者將立法，法出而奸生。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗謂用智慧者將立法，法出而奸生。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "唐玄宗谓用智慧者将立法，法出而奸生。" }, { "noteId": "c017", "relation": "御疏", "relationTrad": "御疏", "text": "御疏申以符璽斗斛之作，適足侈大詐僞。", "textTrad": "御疏申以符璽斗斛之作，適足侈大詐僞。", "relationSimp": "御疏", "textSimp": "御疏申以符玺斗斛之作，适足侈大诈伪。" }, { "noteId": "c021", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮謂飾智慧以驚愚、競是非以先物，盜跖田成由是大偽。", "textTrad": "李榮謂飾智慧以驚愚、競是非以先物，盜跖田成由是大偽。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣谓饰智慧以惊愚、竞是非以先物，盗跖田成由是大伪。" }, { "noteId": "c024", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "陸希聲謂世衰用智行姦、用慧賊義，智慧術顯而姦偽跡匿。", "textTrad": "陸希聲謂世衰用智行姦、用慧賊義，智慧術顯而姦偽跡匿。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "陆希声谓世衰用智行奸、用慧贼义，智慧术显而奸伪迹匿。" }, { "noteId": "c025", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "呂惠卿謂德有心而有眼，內視則敗，故有大僞。", "textTrad": "呂惠卿謂德有心而有眼，內視則敗，故有大僞。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "吕惠卿谓德有心而有眼，内视则败，故有大伪。" }, { "noteId": "c026", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "蘇轍謂以智慧加之，民始以偽報之。", "textTrad": "蘇轍謂以智慧加之，民始以偽報之。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "苏辙谓以智慧加之，民始以伪报之。" }, { "noteId": "c027", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄謂智慧又變為大僞，其變為甚亟。", "textTrad": "吳澄謂智慧又變為大僞，其變為甚亟。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄谓智慧又变为大伪，其变为甚亟。" }, { "noteId": "c028", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "憨山謂智巧一出，民因法作奸。", "textTrad": "憨山謂智巧一出，民因法作奸。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "憨山谓智巧一出，民因法作奸。" }, { "noteId": "c029", "relation": "本義", "relationTrad": "本義", "text": "魏源謂智慧出而遄有大僞，其變為甚亟。", "textTrad": "魏源謂智慧出而遄有大僞，其變為甚亟。", "relationSimp": "本义", "textSimp": "魏源谓智慧出而遄有大伪，其变为甚亟。" }, { "noteId": "c030", "relation": "衍", "relationTrad": "衍", "text": "王夫之謂善在己而敗在物，是謂不公。", "textTrad": "王夫之謂善在己而敗在物，是謂不公。", "relationSimp": "衍", "textSimp": "王夫之谓善在己而败在物，是谓不公。" } ], "nameSimp": "智慧出，有大伪", "questionSimp": "智慧何以生出大伪？是智慧本身为恶，还是以智治物、立法检俗而奸伪随生？", "introSimp": "次句言智巧之用为大伪之端。河上公谓智慧之君贱德贵言、贱质贵文，下应之以大伪奸诈；王弼谓行术用明以察奸伪，形见而物知避之，故智慧出则大伪生；成玄英谓智慧即圣智，上以圣智治物则法令滋彰，下诈伪百端以避刑网，还窃圣智以为伪具；唐玄宗御注谓用智慧者将立法，法出而奸生，并有窃符玺；御疏申以立法检俗、制典诘奸，作符玺斗斛，不仁者兼盗并窃，智慧之作法适足侈大诈伪；李荣谓未能光而不耀，饰智慧以惊愚、竞是非以先物，盗跖履之为盗、田成乘之窃国；陆希声谓圣人智周万物而不饰行、慧利天下而不示义，及世衰争夺，用智行奸、用慧贼义，智慧之术显而奸伪之迹匿，引两观诛少正卯、春秋书楚子虔；吕惠卿谓德有心而有眼，内视则败，故智慧出而大伪生，伪者德之返；苏辙谓世不知道足以赡足万物而以智慧加之，民始以伪报；吴澄谓智慧又变为大伪，其变甚亟；憨山谓智巧即礼乐权衡斗斛法令，智巧一出而民因法作奸；魏源谓智慧出而遄有大伪，其变为甚亟；王夫之谓器成而和去，善在己而败在物谓之不公。诸家皆不以智慧为可废，而戒其以智治物、立法生奸。" }, { "id": "liu-qin-bu-he-you-xiao-ci", "name": "六親不和，有孝慈", "nameTrad": "六親不和，有孝慈", "question": "孝慈是出於天性，還是六親失和後才顯現的名目？若六親和睦，孝慈是否無名？", "questionTrad": "孝慈是出於天性，還是六親失和後才顯現的名目？若六親和睦，孝慈是否無名？", "intro": "第三句言孝慈之名因六親失和而顯。河上公謂六親絕、親戚不和，乃有孝慈相牧養；王弼謂甚美之名生於大惡，美惡同門，六親和、國家治則孝慈忠臣不知所在，魚相忘江湖而相濡之德生；成玄英謂六親謂父子兄弟夫妻，淳和之世偏愛不彰，六紀失序而孝慈方著，周德既衰乃顯曾閔之孝；唐玄宗御注謂父子夫婦兄弟為六親，疏戚無倫為不和，各親各子而有孝慈，皆由失道故有偏名；御疏申以大同之俗無自私之親，上下不和、怨恩私起乃有扇枕溫席之孝、出復入顧之慈，若天下為家、不獨親其親，則孝慈之名無所施；李榮謂彼此相須則是非不作，長短相形、好惡斯起，和以不和標稱，孝因不孝立名；陸希聲謂父子天性，率性則孰知慈孝，外物所誘、性化為情而後孝慈之名顯，引瞽叟頑而舜稱大孝、曾晳嚴而參稱能養；呂惠卿謂仁義之弊至六親不和而有孝慈，有瞽瞍之頑嚚、弟象之傲而後有舜；蘇轍謂六親方和孰非孝慈，堯非不孝而獨稱舜，無瞽叟故也；吳澄謂尊卑長幼各由其道則子之孝乃常分而不知其為孝，瞽叟不父、嚚傲參會而後知有大舜之孝子；憨山謂上古無孝慈之名而父子之情自足，衰世立慈立孝，孝慈之名因六親不和而有；魏源謂此二語亦大道廢有仁義之事而推言之；王夫之謂器成而和去，善在己而敗在物。諸家皆以孝慈為天性之常，其名則生於失和。", "introTrad": "第三句言孝慈之名因六親失和而顯。河上公謂六親絕、親戚不和，乃有孝慈相牧養；王弼謂甚美之名生於大惡，美惡同門，六親和、國家治則孝慈忠臣不知所在，魚相忘江湖而相濡之德生；成玄英謂六親謂父子兄弟夫妻，淳和之世偏愛不彰，六紀失序而孝慈方著，周德既衰乃顯曾閔之孝；唐玄宗御注謂父子夫婦兄弟為六親，疏戚無倫為不和，各親各子而有孝慈，皆由失道故有偏名；御疏申以大同之俗無自私之親，上下不和、怨恩私起乃有扇枕溫席之孝、出復入顧之慈，若天下為家、不獨親其親，則孝慈之名無所施；李榮謂彼此相須則是非不作，長短相形、好惡斯起，和以不和標稱，孝因不孝立名；陸希聲謂父子天性，率性則孰知慈孝，外物所誘、性化為情而後孝慈之名顯，引瞽叟頑而舜稱大孝、曾晳嚴而參稱能養；呂惠卿謂仁義之弊至六親不和而有孝慈，有瞽瞍之頑嚚、弟象之傲而後有舜；蘇轍謂六親方和孰非孝慈，堯非不孝而獨稱舜，無瞽叟故也；吳澄謂尊卑長幼各由其道則子之孝乃常分而不知其為孝，瞽叟不父、嚚傲參會而後知有大舜之孝子；憨山謂上古無孝慈之名而父子之情自足，衰世立慈立孝，孝慈之名因六親不和而有；魏源謂此二語亦大道廢有仁義之事而推言之；王夫之謂器成而和去，善在己而敗在物。諸家皆以孝慈為天性之常，其名則生於失和。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "六親絕、親戚不和，乃有孝慈相牧養。", "thesisTrad": "六親絕、親戚不和，乃有孝慈相牧養。", "noteIds": [ "c003" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "六亲绝、亲戚不和，乃有孝慈相牧养。" }, "wangbi": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "美惡同門；六親和則孝慈不知所在，魚相忘江湖而相濡之德生。", "thesisTrad": "美惡同門；六親和則孝慈不知所在，魚相忘江湖而相濡之德生。", "noteIds": [ "c007" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "美恶同门；六亲和则孝慈不知所在，鱼相忘江湖而相濡之德生。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "淳和之世偏愛不彰，六紀失序而孝慈方著。", "thesisTrad": "淳和之世偏愛不彰，六紀失序而孝慈方著。", "noteIds": [ "c010" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "淳和之世偏爱不彰，六纪失序而孝慈方着。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "六親疏戚無倫為不和，各親各子而有孝慈，皆失道之偏名；御疏申以天下為家則孝慈無所施。", "thesisTrad": "六親疏戚無倫為不和，各親各子而有孝慈，皆失道之偏名；御疏申以天下為家則孝慈無所施。", "noteIds": [ "c014", "c018" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "六亲疏戚无伦为不和，各亲各子而有孝慈，皆失道之偏名；御疏申以天下为家则孝慈无所施。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "長短相形、好惡斯起，和以不和標稱，孝因不孝立名。", "thesisTrad": "長短相形、好惡斯起，和以不和標稱，孝因不孝立名。", "noteIds": [ "c022" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "长短相形、好恶斯起，和以不和标称，孝因不孝立名。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "父子天性，率性則孰知慈孝；情生物間而後孝慈之名顯。", "thesisTrad": "父子天性，率性則孰知慈孝；情生物間而後孝慈之名顯。", "noteIds": [ "c024" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "父子天性，率性则孰知慈孝；情生物间而后孝慈之名显。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "仁義之弊至六親不和而有孝慈，有瞽瞍弟象而後有舜。", "thesisTrad": "仁義之弊至六親不和而有孝慈，有瞽瞍弟象而後有舜。", "noteIds": [ "c025" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "仁义之弊至六亲不和而有孝慈，有瞽瞍弟象而后有舜。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "六親方和孰非孝慈；堯獨稱舜，無瞽叟故也。", "thesisTrad": "六親方和孰非孝慈；堯獨稱舜，無瞽叟故也。", "noteIds": [ "c026" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "六亲方和孰非孝慈；尧独称舜，无瞽叟故也。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "孝乃常分而不知其為孝；瞽叟不父而後知大舜之孝子。", "thesisTrad": "孝乃常分而不知其為孝；瞽叟不父而後知大舜之孝子。", "noteIds": [ "c027" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "孝乃常分而不知其为孝；瞽叟不父而后知大舜之孝子。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "上古無孝慈之名而父子之情自足，衰世立慈立孝，其名因不和而有。", "thesisTrad": "上古無孝慈之名而父子之情自足，衰世立慈立孝，其名因不和而有。", "noteIds": [ "c028" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "上古无孝慈之名而父子之情自足，衰世立慈立孝，其名因不和而有。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "六親不和二語，亦大道廢有仁義之事而推言之。", "thesisTrad": "六親不和二語，亦大道廢有仁義之事而推言之。", "noteIds": [ "c029" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "六亲不和二语，亦大道废有仁义之事而推言之。" }, "wangfuzhi": { "workType": "衍", "workTypeTrad": "衍", "thesis": "器成而和去，善在己而敗在物。", "thesisTrad": "器成而和去，善在己而敗在物。", "noteIds": [ "c030" ], "workTypeSimp": "衍", "thesisSimp": "器成而和去，善在己而败在物。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c003", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公謂六親絕、親戚不和，乃有孝慈相牧養。", "textTrad": "河上公謂六親絕、親戚不和，乃有孝慈相牧養。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公谓六亲绝、亲戚不和，乃有孝慈相牧养。" }, { "noteId": "c007", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "王弼謂美惡同門，六親和則孝慈不知所在。", "textTrad": "王弼謂美惡同門，六親和則孝慈不知所在。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "王弼谓美恶同门，六亲和则孝慈不知所在。" }, { "noteId": "c010", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英謂六紀失序而孝慈方著，周衰乃顯曾閔之孝。", "textTrad": "成玄英謂六紀失序而孝慈方著，周衰乃顯曾閔之孝。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英谓六纪失序而孝慈方着，周衰乃显曾闵之孝。" }, { "noteId": "c014", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "唐玄宗謂六親疏戚無倫為不和，各親各子而有孝慈。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗謂六親疏戚無倫為不和，各親各子而有孝慈。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "唐玄宗谓六亲疏戚无伦为不和，各亲各子而有孝慈。" }, { "noteId": "c018", "relation": "御疏", "relationTrad": "御疏", "text": "御疏申以天下為家、不獨親其親，則孝慈之名無所施。", "textTrad": "御疏申以天下為家、不獨親其親，則孝慈之名無所施。", "relationSimp": "御疏", "textSimp": "御疏申以天下为家、不独亲其亲，则孝慈之名无所施。" }, { "noteId": "c022", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮謂和以不和標稱，孝因不孝立名。", "textTrad": "李榮謂和以不和標稱，孝因不孝立名。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣谓和以不和标称，孝因不孝立名。" }, { "noteId": "c024", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "陸希聲謂父子天性，情生物間而後孝慈之名顯。", "textTrad": "陸希聲謂父子天性，情生物間而後孝慈之名顯。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "陆希声谓父子天性，情生物间而后孝慈之名显。" }, { "noteId": "c025", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "呂惠卿謂仁義之弊至六親不和而有孝慈。", "textTrad": "呂惠卿謂仁義之弊至六親不和而有孝慈。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "吕惠卿谓仁义之弊至六亲不和而有孝慈。" }, { "noteId": "c026", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "蘇轍謂六親方和孰非孝慈，堯獨稱舜而無瞽叟。", "textTrad": "蘇轍謂六親方和孰非孝慈，堯獨稱舜而無瞽叟。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "苏辙谓六亲方和孰非孝慈，尧独称舜而无瞽叟。" }, { "noteId": "c027", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄謂孝乃常分，瞽叟不父而後知大舜之孝子。", "textTrad": "吳澄謂孝乃常分，瞽叟不父而後知大舜之孝子。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄谓孝乃常分，瞽叟不父而后知大舜之孝子。" }, { "noteId": "c028", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "憨山謂上古父子之情自足，衰世立慈立孝而其名始有。", "textTrad": "憨山謂上古父子之情自足，衰世立慈立孝而其名始有。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "憨山谓上古父子之情自足，衰世立慈立孝而其名始有。" }, { "noteId": "c029", "relation": "本義", "relationTrad": "本義", "text": "魏源謂此二語乃大道廢有仁義之事而推言之。", "textTrad": "魏源謂此二語乃大道廢有仁義之事而推言之。", "relationSimp": "本义", "textSimp": "魏源谓此二语乃大道废有仁义之事而推言之。" }, { "noteId": "c030", "relation": "衍", "relationTrad": "衍", "text": "王夫之謂器成而和去，善在己而敗在物。", "textTrad": "王夫之謂器成而和去，善在己而敗在物。", "relationSimp": "衍", "textSimp": "王夫之谓器成而和去，善在己而败在物。" } ], "nameSimp": "六亲不和，有孝慈", "questionSimp": "孝慈是出于天性，还是六亲失和后才显现的名目？若六亲和睦，孝慈是否无名？", "introSimp": "第三句言孝慈之名因六亲失和而显。河上公谓六亲绝、亲戚不和，乃有孝慈相牧养；王弼谓甚美之名生于大恶，美恶同门，六亲和、国家治则孝慈忠臣不知所在，鱼相忘江湖而相濡之德生；成玄英谓六亲谓父子兄弟夫妻，淳和之世偏爱不彰，六纪失序而孝慈方着，周德既衰乃显曾闵之孝；唐玄宗御注谓父子夫妇兄弟为六亲，疏戚无伦为不和，各亲各子而有孝慈，皆由失道故有偏名；御疏申以大同之俗无自私之亲，上下不和、怨恩私起乃有扇枕温席之孝、出复入顾之慈，若天下为家、不独亲其亲，则孝慈之名无所施；李荣谓彼此相须则是非不作，长短相形、好恶斯起，和以不和标称，孝因不孝立名；陆希声谓父子天性，率性则孰知慈孝，外物所诱、性化为情而后孝慈之名显，引瞽叟顽而舜称大孝、曾晳严而参称能养；吕惠卿谓仁义之弊至六亲不和而有孝慈，有瞽瞍之顽嚚、弟象之傲而后有舜；苏辙谓六亲方和孰非孝慈，尧非不孝而独称舜，无瞽叟故也；吴澄谓尊卑长幼各由其道则子之孝乃常分而不知其为孝，瞽叟不父、嚚傲参会而后知有大舜之孝子；憨山谓上古无孝慈之名而父子之情自足，衰世立慈立孝，孝慈之名因六亲不和而有；魏源谓此二语亦大道废有仁义之事而推言之；王夫之谓器成而和去，善在己而败在物。诸家皆以孝慈为天性之常，其名则生于失和。" }, { "id": "guo-jia-hun-luan-you-zhong-chen", "name": "國家昏亂，有忠臣", "nameTrad": "國家昏亂，有忠臣", "question": "忠臣之名何以生於昏亂？君道清明、國家至治之時，忠臣為何不可見？", "questionTrad": "忠臣之名何以生於昏亂？君道清明、國家至治之時，忠臣為何不可見？", "intro": "末句言忠臣之名因國家昏亂而著。河上公謂政令不行、上下相怨、邪辟爭權，乃有忠臣匡救其君，太平不知仁、無欲不知廉、潔己不知貞，大道之世仁義沒、孝慈滅，猶日月盛明而眾星失光；王弼謂六親和、國家治則忠臣不知所在，魚相忘江湖而相濡之德生；成玄英謂萬乘之主以四海為家故言國家，至治之時忠誠不見，昏亂之世貞節斯彰，龍逄芳於夏桀、比干美於商紂；唐玄宗御注謂太平之時上下交足而無異名，昏亂之日見危致命而有忠臣；御疏申以忠為人臣職分，人主失御臣之道、佞人獲進、君昏生亂，乃有見危致命、蒙死難匡社稷而獲忠臣之名，道化大行則忠孝之名息；李榮謂羲農之時未聞股肱之節，桀紂之日始稱關比之賢，旭日麗天則星宿無光、時雨降則浸灌無功，君昏臣亂而有能內輔外靜者，忠名乃顯；陸希聲謂飛龍在天、賢人在位而股肱元首無所間，君昏於上、民亂於下，然後亡身徇國之節著，夏癸立而龍逄彰、殷辛亡而比干顯；呂惠卿謂大偽之弊至國家昏亂而有忠臣，有桀紂之暴而後有龍逄、比干，去本愈遠；蘇轍謂國家方治孰非忠臣，伊尹周公非不忠而獨稱龍逢、比干，無桀紂故也；吳澄謂國謂君、家謂臣，君臣上下各由其道而無昏亂則臣之忠乃常分而不知其為忠，商紂不君、姦回羣聚而後知三代之忠臣；憨山謂忠臣以諫人主得名，上古君道無為、臣道未嘗不忠而不以忠立名，衰世人君荒淫，臣殺身諫諍不足盡忠，忠臣之名因國家昏亂而有；魏源謂世變之降，六親不和二語乃推廣言之；王夫之謂器成而和去，利在物而害在己、善在己而敗在物。諸家皆以忠臣之名為衰世之徵，非以忠為可少。", "introTrad": "末句言忠臣之名因國家昏亂而著。河上公謂政令不行、上下相怨、邪辟爭權，乃有忠臣匡救其君，太平不知仁、無欲不知廉、潔己不知貞，大道之世仁義沒、孝慈滅，猶日月盛明而眾星失光；王弼謂六親和、國家治則忠臣不知所在，魚相忘江湖而相濡之德生；成玄英謂萬乘之主以四海為家故言國家，至治之時忠誠不見，昏亂之世貞節斯彰，龍逄芳於夏桀、比干美於商紂；唐玄宗御注謂太平之時上下交足而無異名，昏亂之日見危致命而有忠臣；御疏申以忠為人臣職分，人主失御臣之道、佞人獲進、君昏生亂，乃有見危致命、蒙死難匡社稷而獲忠臣之名，道化大行則忠孝之名息；李榮謂羲農之時未聞股肱之節，桀紂之日始稱關比之賢，旭日麗天則星宿無光、時雨降則浸灌無功，君昏臣亂而有能內輔外靜者，忠名乃顯；陸希聲謂飛龍在天、賢人在位而股肱元首無所間，君昏於上、民亂於下，然後亡身徇國之節著，夏癸立而龍逄彰、殷辛亡而比干顯；呂惠卿謂大偽之弊至國家昏亂而有忠臣，有桀紂之暴而後有龍逄、比干，去本愈遠；蘇轍謂國家方治孰非忠臣，伊尹周公非不忠而獨稱龍逢、比干，無桀紂故也；吳澄謂國謂君、家謂臣，君臣上下各由其道而無昏亂則臣之忠乃常分而不知其為忠，商紂不君、姦回羣聚而後知三代之忠臣；憨山謂忠臣以諫人主得名，上古君道無為、臣道未嘗不忠而不以忠立名，衰世人君荒淫，臣殺身諫諍不足盡忠，忠臣之名因國家昏亂而有；魏源謂世變之降，六親不和二語乃推廣言之；王夫之謂器成而和去，利在物而害在己、善在己而敗在物。諸家皆以忠臣之名為衰世之徵，非以忠為可少。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "政令不行、上下相怨、邪辟爭權，乃有忠臣匡救其君。", "thesisTrad": "政令不行、上下相怨、邪辟爭權，乃有忠臣匡救其君。", "noteIds": [ "c004" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "政令不行、上下相怨、邪辟争权，乃有忠臣匡救其君。" }, "wangbi": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "國家治則忠臣不知所在，魚相忘江湖而相濡之德生。", "thesisTrad": "國家治則忠臣不知所在，魚相忘江湖而相濡之德生。", "noteIds": [ "c007" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "国家治则忠臣不知所在，鱼相忘江湖而相濡之德生。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "至治之時忠誠不見，昏亂之世貞節斯彰。", "thesisTrad": "至治之時忠誠不見，昏亂之世貞節斯彰。", "noteIds": [ "c011" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "至治之时忠诚不见，昏乱之世贞节斯彰。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "太平上下交足而無異名，昏亂見危致命而有忠臣。", "thesisTrad": "太平上下交足而無異名，昏亂見危致命而有忠臣。", "noteIds": [ "c015", "c019" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "太平上下交足而无异名，昏乱见危致命而有忠臣。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "羲農未聞股肱之節，桀紂始稱關比之賢；君昏臣亂而忠名顯。", "thesisTrad": "羲農未聞股肱之節，桀紂始稱關比之賢；君昏臣亂而忠名顯。", "noteIds": [ "c023" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "羲农未闻股肱之节，桀纣始称关比之贤；君昏臣乱而忠名显。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "君昏於上、民亂於下，然後亡身徇國之節著。", "thesisTrad": "君昏於上、民亂於下，然後亡身徇國之節著。", "noteIds": [ "c024" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "君昏于上、民乱于下，然后亡身徇国之节着。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "大偽之弊至國家昏亂而有忠臣，去本愈遠。", "thesisTrad": "大偽之弊至國家昏亂而有忠臣，去本愈遠。", "noteIds": [ "c025" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "大伪之弊至国家昏乱而有忠臣，去本愈远。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "國家方治孰非忠臣；伊尹周公獨稱龍逢比干，無桀紂故也。", "thesisTrad": "國家方治孰非忠臣；伊尹周公獨稱龍逢比干，無桀紂故也。", "noteIds": [ "c026" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "国家方治孰非忠臣；伊尹周公独称龙逢比干，无桀纣故也。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "忠乃常分而不知其為忠；商紂不君而後知三代之忠臣。", "thesisTrad": "忠乃常分而不知其為忠；商紂不君而後知三代之忠臣。", "noteIds": [ "c027" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "忠乃常分而不知其为忠；商纣不君而后知三代之忠臣。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "上古臣道未嘗不忠而不以忠立名，衰世殺身諫諍不足盡忠。", "thesisTrad": "上古臣道未嘗不忠而不以忠立名，衰世殺身諫諍不足盡忠。", "noteIds": [ "c028" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "上古臣道未尝不忠而不以忠立名，衰世杀身谏诤不足尽忠。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "世變之降，六親不和二語乃推廣言之。", "thesisTrad": "世變之降，六親不和二語乃推廣言之。", "noteIds": [ "c029" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "世变之降，六亲不和二语乃推广言之。" }, "wangfuzhi": { "workType": "衍", "workTypeTrad": "衍", "thesis": "器成而和去，利在物而害在己、善在己而敗在物。", "thesisTrad": "器成而和去，利在物而害在己、善在己而敗在物。", "noteIds": [ "c030" ], "workTypeSimp": "衍", "thesisSimp": "器成而和去，利在物而害在己、善在己而败在物。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c004", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公謂政令不行、上下相怨，乃有忠臣匡救其君。", "textTrad": "河上公謂政令不行、上下相怨，乃有忠臣匡救其君。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公谓政令不行、上下相怨，乃有忠臣匡救其君。" }, { "noteId": "c007", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "王弼謂國家治則忠臣不知所在，魚相忘江湖而相濡之德生。", "textTrad": "王弼謂國家治則忠臣不知所在，魚相忘江湖而相濡之德生。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "王弼谓国家治则忠臣不知所在，鱼相忘江湖而相濡之德生。" }, { "noteId": "c011", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英謂至治忠誠不見，昏亂貞節斯彰。", "textTrad": "成玄英謂至治忠誠不見，昏亂貞節斯彰。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英谓至治忠诚不见，昏乱贞节斯彰。" }, { "noteId": "c015", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "唐玄宗謂太平無異名，昏亂見危致命而有忠臣。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗謂太平無異名，昏亂見危致命而有忠臣。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "唐玄宗谓太平无异名，昏乱见危致命而有忠臣。" }, { "noteId": "c019", "relation": "御疏", "relationTrad": "御疏", "text": "御疏申以人主失御臣之道，乃有見危致命、匡社稷之名。", "textTrad": "御疏申以人主失御臣之道，乃有見危致命、匡社稷之名。", "relationSimp": "御疏", "textSimp": "御疏申以人主失御臣之道，乃有见危致命、匡社稷之名。" }, { "noteId": "c023", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮謂羲農未聞股肱之節，桀紂始稱關比之賢。", "textTrad": "李榮謂羲農未聞股肱之節，桀紂始稱關比之賢。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣谓羲农未闻股肱之节，桀纣始称关比之贤。" }, { "noteId": "c024", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "陸希聲謂君昏民亂，然後亡身徇國之節著。", "textTrad": "陸希聲謂君昏民亂，然後亡身徇國之節著。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "陆希声谓君昏民乱，然后亡身徇国之节着。" }, { "noteId": "c025", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "呂惠卿謂大偽之弊至國家昏亂而有忠臣。", "textTrad": "呂惠卿謂大偽之弊至國家昏亂而有忠臣。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "吕惠卿谓大伪之弊至国家昏乱而有忠臣。" }, { "noteId": "c026", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "蘇轍謂國家方治孰非忠臣，獨稱龍逢比干而無桀紂。", "textTrad": "蘇轍謂國家方治孰非忠臣，獨稱龍逢比干而無桀紂。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "苏辙谓国家方治孰非忠臣，独称龙逢比干而无桀纣。" }, { "noteId": "c027", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄謂忠乃常分，商紂不君而後知三代之忠臣。", "textTrad": "吳澄謂忠乃常分，商紂不君而後知三代之忠臣。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄谓忠乃常分，商纣不君而后知三代之忠臣。" }, { "noteId": "c028", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "憨山謂上古臣道不以忠立名，衰世殺身諫諍不足盡忠。", "textTrad": "憨山謂上古臣道不以忠立名，衰世殺身諫諍不足盡忠。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "憨山谓上古臣道不以忠立名，衰世杀身谏诤不足尽忠。" }, { "noteId": "c029", "relation": "本義", "relationTrad": "本義", "text": "魏源謂世變之降，六親不和二語乃推廣言之。", "textTrad": "魏源謂世變之降，六親不和二語乃推廣言之。", "relationSimp": "本义", "textSimp": "魏源谓世变之降，六亲不和二语乃推广言之。" }, { "noteId": "c030", "relation": "衍", "relationTrad": "衍", "text": "王夫之謂利在物而害在己、善在己而敗在物。", "textTrad": "王夫之謂利在物而害在己、善在己而敗在物。", "relationSimp": "衍", "textSimp": "王夫之谓利在物而害在己、善在己而败在物。" } ], "nameSimp": "国家昏乱，有忠臣", "questionSimp": "忠臣之名何以生于昏乱？君道清明、国家至治之时，忠臣为何不可见？", "introSimp": "末句言忠臣之名因国家昏乱而着。河上公谓政令不行、上下相怨、邪辟争权，乃有忠臣匡救其君，太平不知仁、无欲不知廉、洁己不知贞，大道之世仁义没、孝慈灭，犹日月盛明而众星失光；王弼谓六亲和、国家治则忠臣不知所在，鱼相忘江湖而相濡之德生；成玄英谓万乘之主以四海为家故言国家，至治之时忠诚不见，昏乱之世贞节斯彰，龙逄芳于夏桀、比干美于商纣；唐玄宗御注谓太平之时上下交足而无异名，昏乱之日见危致命而有忠臣；御疏申以忠为人臣职分，人主失御臣之道、佞人获进、君昏生乱，乃有见危致命、蒙死难匡社稷而获忠臣之名，道化大行则忠孝之名息；李荣谓羲农之时未闻股肱之节，桀纣之日始称关比之贤，旭日丽天则星宿无光、时雨降则浸灌无功，君昏臣乱而有能内辅外静者，忠名乃显；陆希声谓飞龙在天、贤人在位而股肱元首无所间，君昏于上、民乱于下，然后亡身徇国之节着，夏癸立而龙逄彰、殷辛亡而比干显；吕惠卿谓大伪之弊至国家昏乱而有忠臣，有桀纣之暴而后有龙逄、比干，去本愈远；苏辙谓国家方治孰非忠臣，伊尹周公非不忠而独称龙逢、比干，无桀纣故也；吴澄谓国谓君、家谓臣，君臣上下各由其道而无昏乱则臣之忠乃常分而不知其为忠，商纣不君、奸回群聚而后知三代之忠臣；憨山谓忠臣以谏人主得名，上古君道无为、臣道未尝不忠而不以忠立名，衰世人君荒淫，臣杀身谏诤不足尽忠，忠臣之名因国家昏乱而有；魏源谓世变之降，六亲不和二语乃推广言之；王夫之谓器成而和去，利在物而害在己、善在己而败在物。诸家皆以忠臣之名为衰世之征，非以忠为可少。" } ], "requiredSources": [ "heshanggong", "tangxuanzong" ] }, "schema": "librebook.chapter/1", "generatedAt": "2026-10-30T11:41:46.868Z", "keyPrefix": "laozi-18", "idRules": { "chapter": "章节目录名（slug），如 01；URL 为 /laozi/01/。", "sentence": "章内局部编号 sNNN，全篇引用使用 laozi-01:sNNN；页面锚点继续使用 #sNNN。", "commentary": "章内注号 cNNN，字词注 nNNN，校记 kNNN；编号在章内稳定，跨章引用时加章节前缀。", "paragraph": "章内段落号 pNNN，与 sentence.paragraph 对应。" }, "book": { "id": "laozi", "slug": "laozi", "title": "老子", "titleSimp": "老子", "author": "老聃", "authorSimp": "老聃", "era": "春秋", "eraSimp": "春秋", "editor": "河上公、王弼等", "editorSimp": "河上公、王弼等", "edition": "王弼《老子注》", "editionSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "baseLabel": "王弼《老子注》", "baseLabelSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "separationLabel": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英義疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、嚴遵指歸、李榮注、陸希聲傳、呂惠卿傳、蘇轍老子解、吳澄道德真經注、憨山道德經解、魏源老子本義、俞樾平議、王夫之老子衍十四家", "separationLabelSimp": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英义疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、严遵指归、李荣注、陆希声传、吕惠卿传、苏辙老子解、吴澄道德真经注、憨山道德经解、魏源老子本义、俞樾平议、王夫之老子衍十四家", "intro": "《老子》八十一章，分道經、德經。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》為底本，逐章整理正文、舊注、今譯與校記；第一至八十一章已上線，全帙完竣。", "introSimp": "《老子》八十一章，分道经、德经。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》为底本，逐章整理正文、旧注、今译与校记；第一至八十一章已上线，全帙完竣。" }, "volume": { "id": "daojing", "order": 1, "title": "道經", "titleSimp": "道经" }, "chapter": { "id": "laozi-18", "slug": "18", "order": 18, "title": "第十八章", "titleSimp": "第十八章", "status": "published", "revision": "初校", "review": "待复核", "updated": "2026-10-29", "summary": "以「大道廢，有仁義」發端，次言「智慧出，有大僞」「六親不和，有孝慈」，末以「國家昏亂，有忠臣」收束；附河上公、王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之十二家注疏，嚴遵此章無輯文；陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山、王夫之各以整章一段通釋，魏源以章次分合立說，吳澄合第十七至十九章為一章、魏源亦合第十七至十九章為一章，「孝慈」一作「孝子」、「忠臣」一作「貞臣」，異文並見校記。", "summarySimp": "以「大道废，有仁义」发端，次言「智慧出，有大伪」「六亲不和，有孝慈」，末以「国家昏乱，有忠臣」收束；附河上公、王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、李荣、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之十二家注疏，严遵此章无辑文；陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、憨山、王夫之各以整章一段通释，魏源以章次分合立说，吴澄合第十七至十九章为一章、魏源亦合第十七至十九章为一章，「孝慈」一作「孝子」、「忠臣」一作「贞臣」，异文并见校记。", "dataFile": "data/chapters/laozi-18.json", "relationsFile": "data/commentary-relations-laozi-18.json", "url": "/laozi/18/", "orderLabel": "第十八", "volumeId": "daojing", "part": "道經", "partSimp": "道经" }, "paragraphs": [ { "id": "p001", "no": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001", "s002", "s003", "s004" ], "count": 4 } ], "coverage": { "sentences": 4, "paragraphs": 1, "notes": { "covered": 4, "total": 4, "percent": 100 }, "charNotes": { "covered": 4, "total": 4, "percent": 100 }, "collations": { "covered": 4, "total": 4, "percent": 100, "count": 9 }, "translations": { "covered": 4, "total": 4, "percent": 100 } } }