{ "meta": { "book": { "id": "laozi", "title": "老子", "titleSimp": "老子", "author": "老聃", "authorSimp": "老聃", "era": "春秋", "eraSimp": "春秋", "editor": "河上公、王弼等", "editorSimp": "河上公、王弼等", "edition": "王弼《老子注》", "editionSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "slug": "laozi", "baseLabel": "王弼《老子注》", "baseLabelSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "separationLabel": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英義疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、嚴遵指歸、李榮注、陸希聲傳、呂惠卿傳、蘇轍老子解、吳澄道德真經注、憨山道德經解、魏源老子本義、俞樾平議、王夫之老子衍十四家", "separationLabelSimp": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英义疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、严遵指归、李荣注、陆希声传、吕惠卿传、苏辙老子解、吴澄道德真经注、憨山道德经解、魏源老子本义、俞樾平议、王夫之老子衍十四家", "intro": "《老子》八十一章，分道經、德經。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》為底本，逐章整理正文、舊注、今譯與校記；第一至八十一章已上線，全帙完竣。", "introSimp": "《老子》八十一章，分道经、德经。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》为底本，逐章整理正文、旧注、今译与校记；第一至八十一章已上线，全帙完竣。" }, "chapter": { "id": "laozi-24", "no": 24, "part": "道經", "partSimp": "道经", "title": "第二十四章", "titleSimp": "第二十四章", "intro": "《老子》第二十四章，河上公題「苦恩」，唐玄宗題「跂者不立章」。全章四句：首句以企立、跨行為喻，明加益於自然之外者不能久；次句列自見、自是、自伐、自矜四病；第三句以「餘食贅行」喻其可厭；末句言物或惡之，故有道者不處。河上公以跂為進，謂貪權慕名、進取功榮則不可久立，以跨為自以為貴而跨越於人，眾共弊之；四病逐句分疏，末以贅為貪、日日賦斂餘祿為食釋餘食贅行，謂有道者不居其國。王弼僅存二注，以物尚進則失安釋企者不立，以卻至之行、盛饌之餘、疣贅喻餘食贅行。成玄英以慕羨、矜傲分釋跂跨，謂躁競之夫分外羨欲、修道之夫應須謙遜；四迷逐句疏解，末以附贅懸疣、殘食贅病釋之，謂懷道之士不處心於矜誇。唐玄宗以舉踵而望、跨挾物為喻，御注御疏逐句申明，末以殘餘之食、疣贅之行釋餘食贅行，引《春秋》《莊子》為證。嚴遵《指歸》道經原卷缺佚，此章《玄德纂疏》僅輯存「自伐者無功」一條，以起兵失君之道、終身無功為說。李榮以徐行緩步、企踵越分分釋跨企，謂謙卑退讓者可久長；四句總謂非君子之行；末以殘食不可薦饗、跨企之行不可進道為說。陸希聲以跂利跨欲、自見蔽人、自是而非人、自伐其才、自矜其能逐層立論，謂四者與跂跨同病，皆不足以致治。呂惠卿以道固无我、无我則不爭為宗，謂自見自是自矜非其常，故於道為餘食贅行；末辨「道處眾人之所惡」與「不處」之別，歸於不爭。蘇轍以立行加跂跨則喪失其行立為喻，謂四者亦若是；末以飲食適飽、四體適完為喻。吳澄以自然之外求益釋跂跨，謂暫時如此終必廢；以食之不盡、肉之附生釋餘食贅，兼人與鬼神而言；並引司馬光、蘇轍，謂行讀如形。憨山承前章好辯不能持久，以跂跨喻用智之過，謂四者皆非自然，有道之士以謙虛自守，必不處此。魏源合上章為其第二十章，引吳澄、司馬光、呂惠卿諸說，謂跂跨矜伐皆加多於當分之外，幽顯之間有物惡之。王夫之以心彌急者機彌失、是彌堅者非彌甚為說，謂前機已往、後機未至，執偏執餘以盡道數，宜其憎物傷己。本站以王弼《老子注》為底本，分列河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英義疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、嚴遵指歸、李榮注、陸希聲傳、呂惠卿傳、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》與王夫之《老子衍》，並附編者今譯，凡十三家舊注。俞樾《諸子平議》此章未列。嚴遵此章僅存輯文一條；王弼此章僅存二注。分章則吳澄、魏源合第二十三章與此章為其第二十章。", "introSimp": "《老子》第二十四章，河上公题「苦恩」，唐玄宗题「跂者不立章」。全章四句：首句以企立、跨行为喻，明加益于自然之外者不能久；次句列自见、自是、自伐、自矜四病；第三句以「余食赘行」喻其可厌；末句言物或恶之，故有道者不处。河上公以跂为进，谓贪权慕名、进取功荣则不可久立，以跨为自以为贵而跨越于人，众共弊之；四病逐句分疏，末以赘为贪、日日赋敛余禄为食释余食赘行，谓有道者不居其国。王弼仅存二注，以物尚进则失安释企者不立，以却至之行、盛馔之余、疣赘喻余食赘行。成玄英以慕羡、矜傲分释跂跨，谓躁竞之夫分外羡欲、修道之夫应须谦逊；四迷逐句疏解，末以附赘悬疣、残食赘病释之，谓怀道之士不处心于矜夸。唐玄宗以举踵而望、跨挟物为喻，御注御疏逐句申明，末以残余之食、疣赘之行释余食赘行，引《春秋》《庄子》为证。严遵《指归》道经原卷缺佚，此章《玄德纂疏》仅辑存「自伐者无功」一条，以起兵失君之道、终身无功为说。李荣以徐行缓步、企踵越分分释跨企，谓谦卑退让者可久长；四句总谓非君子之行；末以残食不可荐飨、跨企之行不可进道为说。陆希声以跂利跨欲、自见蔽人、自是而非人、自伐其才、自矜其能逐层立论，谓四者与跂跨同病，皆不足以致治。吕惠卿以道固无我、无我则不争为宗，谓自见自是自矜非其常，故于道为余食赘行；末辨「道处众人之所恶」与「不处」之别，归于不争。苏辙以立行加跂跨则丧失其行立为喻，谓四者亦若是；末以饮食适饱、四体适完为喻。吴澄以自然之外求益释跂跨，谓暂时如此终必废；以食之不尽、肉之附生释余食赘，兼人与鬼神而言；并引司马光、苏辙，谓行读如形。憨山承前章好辩不能持久，以跂跨喻用智之过，谓四者皆非自然，有道之士以谦虚自守，必不处此。魏源合上章为其第二十章，引吴澄、司马光、吕惠卿诸说，谓跂跨矜伐皆加多于当分之外，幽显之间有物恶之。王夫之以心弥急者机弥失、是弥坚者非弥甚为说，谓前机已往、后机未至，执偏执余以尽道数，宜其憎物伤己。本站以王弼《老子注》为底本，分列河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英义疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、严遵指归、李荣注、陆希声传、吕惠卿传、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》与王夫之《老子衍》，并附编者今译，凡十三家旧注。俞樾《诸子平议》此章未列。严遵此章仅存辑文一条；王弼此章仅存二注。分章则吴澄、魏源合第二十三章与此章为其第二十章。", "guide": "點擊任一句可展開句注；點擊字詞可看本句訓釋；按「諸家並觀」可將同一句的舊注並列對讀，本章十三家舊注。河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮、蘇轍、吳澄隨句分疏，王弼存二注，嚴遵僅存輯文一條；陸希聲、呂惠卿、憨山、魏源、王夫之各以整章一段通釋。", "guideSimp": "点击任一句可展开句注；点击字词可看本句训释；按「诸家并观」可将同一句的旧注并列对读，本章十三家旧注。河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李荣、苏辙、吴澄随句分疏，王弼存二注，严遵仅存辑文一条；陆希声、吕惠卿、憨山、魏源、王夫之各以整章一段通释。", "slug": "24", "order": 24, "status": "published", "revision": "初校", "review": "待复核", "updated": "2026-10-29", "summary": "以「企者不立，跨者不行」二喻發端，次言「自見者不明，自是者不彰，自伐者無功，自矜者不長」四「自」，轉出「其在道也，曰餘食贅行」，末以「物或惡之，故有道者不處」收束；附河上公、王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、嚴遵、李榮、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之十三家注疏，嚴遵存輯文一條、俞樾未列；河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮隨句分疏，王弼、嚴遵存輯逸分注，蘇轍逐段作注，陸希聲、呂惠卿、吳澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之各以整章一段通釋；河上公題「苦恩」、唐玄宗題「跂者不立章」，吳澄、魏源以此章合上章為其第二十章，異文並見校記。", "summarySimp": "以「企者不立，跨者不行」二喻发端，次言「自见者不明，自是者不彰，自伐者无功，自矜者不长」四「自」，转出「其在道也，曰余食赘行」，末以「物或恶之，故有道者不处」收束；附河上公、王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、严遵、李荣、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之十三家注疏，严遵存辑文一条、俞樾未列；河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李荣随句分疏，王弼、严遵存辑逸分注，苏辙逐段作注，陆希声、吕惠卿、吴澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之各以整章一段通释；河上公题「苦恩」、唐玄宗题「跂者不立章」，吴澄、魏源以此章合上章为其第二十章，异文并见校记。", "dataFile": "data/chapters/laozi-24.json", "relationsFile": "data/commentary-relations-laozi-24.json", "url": "/laozi/24/", "volumeId": "daojing", "volumeTitle": "道經", "volumeTitleSimp": "道经", "orderLabel": "第二十四" }, "edition": { "base": "王弼《老子注》", "baseEdition": "王弼《老子注》通行本", "separation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、嚴遵《道德真經指歸》輯文、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》、王夫之《老子衍》諸本對校；河上公、嚴遵、成玄英、唐玄宗此章據《玄德纂疏》所引", "punctuation": "數字轉錄所附現代標點，本站僅作閱讀輔助，尚未逐字復核原刻", "digital": "中華典藏網、識典古籍、大道家園公開轉錄、Kanripo 漢籍全文資料庫（僅作文字底本）", "caution": "王弼底本作「企者不立，跨者不行，自見者不明，自是者不彰，自伐者無功，自矜者不長。其在道也，曰餘食贅行。物或惡之，故有道者不處」；河上公題「苦恩第二十四」，唐玄宗題「跂者不立章第二十四」。王弼本、李榮道藏本、王夫之本作「企」，河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山、魏源諸本作「跂」，魏源云「跂，王弼作企」；王弼、李榮、憨山、王夫之本作「其在道也」，河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、魏源諸本作「其於道也」；王夫之本「贅行」作「贅形」，注「行、形通」，吳澄亦謂行讀如形、古字通；吳澄、憨山本「不處」下有「也」字；一本「物或惡之」之「或」作「故」；李榮道藏本注作「企踵」，《玄德纂疏》所引作「跂踵」，末句道藏本作「故不處也」，《玄德纂疏》所引作「故不愛也」；成玄英疏首句作「跂者不久」；河上公本此章經注相連。吳澄、魏源合第二十三章與此章為其第二十章。正文從王弼本，異文見校記。", "baseSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "baseEditionSimp": "王弼《老子注》通行本", "separationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、严遵《道德真经指归》辑文、李荣《道德真经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》、王夫之《老子衍》诸本对校；河上公、严遵、成玄英、唐玄宗此章据《玄德纂疏》所引", "punctuationSimp": "数字转录所附现代标点，本站仅作阅读辅助，尚未逐字复核原刻", "digitalSimp": "中华典藏网、识典古籍、大道家园公开转录、Kanripo 汉籍全文资料库（仅作文字底本）", "cautionSimp": "王弼底本作「企者不立，跨者不行，自见者不明，自是者不彰，自伐者无功，自矜者不长。其在道也，曰余食赘行。物或恶之，故有道者不处」；河上公题「苦恩第二十四」，唐玄宗题「跂者不立章第二十四」。王弼本、李荣道藏本、王夫之本作「企」，河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、憨山、魏源诸本作「跂」，魏源云「跂，王弼作企」；王弼、李荣、憨山、王夫之本作「其在道也」，河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、魏源诸本作「其于道也」；王夫之本「赘行」作「赘形」，注「行、形通」，吴澄亦谓行读如形、古字通；吴澄、憨山本「不处」下有「也」字；一本「物或恶之」之「或」作「故」；李荣道藏本注作「企踵」，《玄德纂疏》所引作「跂踵」，末句道藏本作「故不处也」，《玄德纂疏》所引作「故不爱也」；成玄英疏首句作「跂者不久」；河上公本此章经注相连。吴澄、魏源合第二十三章与此章为其第二十章。正文从王弼本，异文见校记。" }, "license": { "historical": "公有領域", "translation": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "code": "MIT" }, "stats": { "sentences": 4, "commentaries": 38, "charNotes": 12, "collations": 10 } }, "sources": [ { "id": "heshanggong", "name": "河上公章句", "short": "河上公", "author": "河上公", "work": "老子道德經章句", "era": "漢", "years": "傳漢文帝時", "color": "#a3542c", "desc": "分章句解，兼重治身與治國；此章題「苦恩」，以進取功榮釋跂、以自以為貴而跨越於人釋跨，四病逐句分疏；末以贅為貪、日日賦斂餘祿為食釋餘食贅行，謂有道者不居其國。此章據《玄德纂疏》所引。", "count": 6, "nameSimp": "河上公章句", "workSimp": "老子道德经章句", "authorSimp": "河上公", "eraSimp": "汉", "yearsSimp": "传汉文帝时", "descSimp": "分章句解，兼重治身与治国；此章题「苦恩」，以进取功荣释跂、以自以为贵而跨越于人释跨，四病逐句分疏；末以赘为贪、日日赋敛余禄为食释余食赘行，谓有道者不居其国。此章据《玄德纂疏》所引。", "shortSimp": "河上公" }, { "id": "wangbi", "name": "王弼注", "short": "王注", "author": "王弼", "work": "老子道德經注", "era": "曹魏", "years": "226–249", "color": "#8c5a2b", "desc": "以崇本息末為宗；此章僅存二注：以物尚進則失安釋企者不立；以卻至之行、盛饌之餘、疣贅喻餘食贅行。", "count": 2, "nameSimp": "王弼注", "workSimp": "老子道德经注", "authorSimp": "王弼", "eraSimp": "曹魏", "yearsSimp": "226–249", "descSimp": "以崇本息末为宗；此章仅存二注：以物尚进则失安释企者不立；以却至之行、盛馔之余、疣赘喻余食赘行。", "shortSimp": "王注" }, { "id": "chengxuanying", "name": "成玄英疏", "short": "成疏", "author": "成玄英", "work": "老子道德經義疏", "era": "唐", "years": "約 608–669", "color": "#6b7a4a", "desc": "以重玄雙遣為宗；此章以慕羨、矜傲分釋跂跨，謂躁競之夫分外羨欲、修道之夫應須謙遜；四迷逐句疏解；末以附贅懸疣、殘食贅病釋之，謂懷道之士不處心於矜誇。", "count": 6, "nameSimp": "成玄英疏", "workSimp": "老子道德经义疏", "authorSimp": "成玄英", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "约 608–669", "descSimp": "以重玄双遣为宗；此章以慕羡、矜傲分释跂跨，谓躁竞之夫分外羡欲、修道之夫应须谦逊；四迷逐句疏解；末以附赘悬疣、残食赘病释之，谓怀道之士不处心于矜夸。", "shortSimp": "成疏" }, { "id": "tangxuanzong", "name": "唐玄宗御注御疏", "short": "御注", "author": "李隆基", "work": "道德真經注疏", "era": "唐", "years": "685–762", "color": "#9b3d3d", "desc": "帝王御注，兼採諸家；御注以舉踵而望、跨挾物為喻，謂自見求明終不可得；御疏逐句申釋，末以殘餘之食、疣贅之行釋餘食贅行，引《春秋》《莊子》為證。此章據《玄德纂疏》所引。", "count": 12, "nameSimp": "唐玄宗御注御疏", "workSimp": "道德真经注疏", "authorSimp": "李隆基", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "685–762", "descSimp": "帝王御注，兼采诸家；御注以举踵而望、跨挟物为喻，谓自见求明终不可得；御疏逐句申释，末以残余之食、疣赘之行释余食赘行，引《春秋》《庄子》为证。此章据《玄德纂疏》所引。", "shortSimp": "御注" }, { "id": "yanzun", "name": "嚴遵指歸", "short": "嚴指歸", "author": "嚴遵", "work": "道德真經指歸", "era": "漢", "years": "約前 83–10", "color": "#7a5c3e", "desc": "道經原卷缺卷一至六，此章《玄德纂疏》僅輯存「自伐者無功」一條；以起兵失君之道、萬民怨恨、終身無功為說。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "严遵指归", "workSimp": "道德真经指归", "authorSimp": "严遵", "eraSimp": "汉", "yearsSimp": "约前 83–10", "descSimp": "道经原卷缺卷一至六，此章《玄德纂疏》仅辑存「自伐者无功」一条；以起兵失君之道、万民怨恨、终身无功为说。", "shortSimp": "严指归" }, { "id": "lirong", "name": "李榮注", "short": "李注", "author": "李榮", "work": "道德真經注", "era": "唐", "years": "生卒不詳", "color": "#4f6b7a", "desc": "唐初道士，以重玄遣執解《老》；此章以徐行緩步、企踵越分分釋跨企，謂謙卑退讓者可久長；四句總謂非君子之行；末以殘食不可薦饗、跨企之行不可進道為說。", "count": 3, "nameSimp": "李荣注", "workSimp": "道德真经注", "authorSimp": "李荣", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "生卒不详", "descSimp": "唐初道士，以重玄遣执解《老》；此章以徐行缓步、企踵越分分释跨企，谓谦卑退让者可久长；四句总谓非君子之行；末以残食不可荐飨、跨企之行不可进道为说。", "shortSimp": "李注" }, { "id": "luxisheng", "name": "陸希聲傳", "short": "陸傳", "author": "陸希聲", "work": "道德經傳", "era": "唐", "years": "？–895", "color": "#6a5a7a", "desc": "以情性說道器；此章整章一傳，以跂利跨欲、自見蔽人、自是而非人、自伐其才、自矜其能逐層立論，謂四者與跂跨同病，皆不足以致治。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "陆希声传", "workSimp": "道德经传", "authorSimp": "陆希声", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "？–895", "descSimp": "以情性说道器；此章整章一传，以跂利跨欲、自见蔽人、自是而非人、自伐其才、自矜其能逐层立论，谓四者与跂跨同病，皆不足以致治。", "shortSimp": "陆传" }, { "id": "lvhuiqing", "name": "呂惠卿傳", "short": "呂傳", "author": "呂惠卿", "work": "道德真經傳", "era": "北宋", "years": "1032–1111", "color": "#7a6a4a", "desc": "以道不可名為宗；此章整章一傳，以道固无我、无我則不爭為說，謂自見自是自矜非其常，故於道為餘食贅行；末辨「道處眾人之所惡」與「不處」之別，歸於不爭。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "吕惠卿传", "workSimp": "道德真经传", "authorSimp": "吕惠卿", "eraSimp": "北宋", "yearsSimp": "1032–1111", "descSimp": "以道不可名为宗；此章整章一传，以道固无我、无我则不争为说，谓自见自是自矜非其常，故于道为余食赘行；末辨「道处众人之所恶」与「不处」之别，归于不争。", "shortSimp": "吕传" }, { "id": "suzhe", "name": "蘇轍老子解", "short": "蘇解", "author": "蘇轍", "work": "老子解", "era": "北宋", "years": "1039–1112", "color": "#4a6a6a", "desc": "以道在宥天下為說；此章分段作注，以立行加跂跨則喪失其行立為喻，謂四者亦若是；末以飲食適飽、四體適完為喻。", "count": 2, "nameSimp": "苏辙老子解", "workSimp": "老子解", "authorSimp": "苏辙", "eraSimp": "北宋", "yearsSimp": "1039–1112", "descSimp": "以道在宥天下为说；此章分段作注，以立行加跂跨则丧失其行立为喻，谓四者亦若是；末以饮食适饱、四体适完为喻。", "shortSimp": "苏解" }, { "id": "wucheng", "name": "吳澄道德真經注", "short": "吳注", "author": "吳澄", "work": "道德真經注", "era": "元", "years": "1249–1333", "color": "#5a6a3a", "desc": "逐句分疏；此章以自然之外求益釋跂跨，謂暫時如此終必廢；以食之不盡、肉之附生釋餘食贅，兼人與鬼神而言；引司馬光、蘇轍，謂行讀如形。此章與上章合為其第二十章。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "吴澄道德真经注", "workSimp": "道德真经注", "authorSimp": "吴澄", "eraSimp": "元", "yearsSimp": "1249–1333", "descSimp": "逐句分疏；此章以自然之外求益释跂跨，谓暂时如此终必废；以食之不尽、肉之附生释余食赘，兼人与鬼神而言；引司马光、苏辙，谓行读如形。此章与上章合为其第二十章。", "shortSimp": "吴注" }, { "id": "hanshan", "name": "憨山道德經解", "short": "憨山", "author": "釋德清", "work": "道德經解", "era": "明", "years": "1546–1623", "color": "#705a4a", "desc": "以內聖外王、返樸還淳為宗；此章整章一注，承前章好辯不能持久，以跂跨喻用智之過，謂四者皆非自然，有道之士以謙虛自守，必不處此。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "憨山道德经解", "workSimp": "道德经解", "authorSimp": "释德清", "eraSimp": "明", "yearsSimp": "1546–1623", "descSimp": "以内圣外王、返朴还淳为宗；此章整章一注，承前章好辩不能持久，以跂跨喻用智之过，谓四者皆非自然，有道之士以谦虚自守，必不处此。", "shortSimp": "憨山" }, { "id": "weiyuan", "name": "魏源老子本義", "short": "魏本義", "author": "魏源", "work": "老子本義", "era": "清", "years": "1794–1857", "color": "#3d5a6a", "desc": "清儒治《老》，重校勘與通義；此章與上章合為其第二十章，引吳澄、司馬光、呂惠卿諸說，謂跂跨矜伐皆加多於當分之外，幽顯之間有物惡之。其本「企」作「跂」，云「王弼作企」，一本「或」作「故」。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "魏源老子本义", "workSimp": "老子本义", "authorSimp": "魏源", "eraSimp": "清", "yearsSimp": "1794–1857", "descSimp": "清儒治《老》，重校勘与通义；此章与上章合为其第二十章，引吴澄、司马光、吕惠卿诸说，谓跂跨矜伐皆加多于当分之外，幽显之间有物恶之。其本「企」作「跂」，云「王弼作企」，一本「或」作「故」。", "shortSimp": "魏本义" }, { "id": "wangfuzhi", "name": "船山衍", "short": "船山", "author": "王夫之", "work": "老子衍", "era": "清", "years": "1619–1692", "color": "#3f5d52", "desc": "以「含文資不足」為說；此章整章一注，謂心彌急者機彌失、是彌堅者非彌甚，前機已往、後機未至，執偏執餘以盡道數，宜其憎物傷己。其本「贅行」作「贅形」，注「行、形通」。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "船山衍", "workSimp": "老子衍", "authorSimp": "王夫之", "eraSimp": "清", "yearsSimp": "1619–1692", "descSimp": "以「含文资不足」为说；此章整章一注，谓心弥急者机弥失、是弥坚者非弥甚，前机已往、后机未至，执偏执余以尽道数，宜其憎物伤己。其本「赘行」作「赘形」，注「行、形通」。", "shortSimp": "船山" }, { "id": "translator", "name": "本站今譯", "short": "今譯", "author": "LibreBook 編者", "work": "今譯", "era": "當代", "years": "", "color": "#8a8a8a", "desc": "編者據舊注與上下文所作語體今譯，供閱讀參照。", "count": 4, "nameSimp": "本站今译", "workSimp": "今译", "authorSimp": "LibreBook 编者", "eraSimp": "当代", "yearsSimp": "", "descSimp": "编者据旧注与上下文所作语体今译，供阅读参照。", "shortSimp": "今译" } ], "sentences": [ { "id": "s001", "paragraph": 1, "text": "企者不立，跨者不行。", "textSimp": "企者不立，跨者不行。", "translation": "踮起脚跟想站得高，反而站不稳；迈开大步想走得快，反而走不远。", "translationTrad": "踮起腳跟想站得高，反而站不穩；邁開大步想走得快，反而走不遠。", "noteIds": [ "c001", "c007", "c009", "c015", "c016", "c028", "c031", "c032", "c033", "c035", "c036", "c037", "c038" ], "noteCount": 13, "charNoteIds": [ "n001", "n002" ], "key": "laozi-24:s001", "n": 1 }, { "id": "s002", "paragraph": 1, "text": "自見者不明，自是者不彰，自伐者無功，自矜者不長。", "textSimp": "自见者不明，自是者不彰，自伐者无功，自矜者不长。", "translation": "自我表现的人反而看不清，自以为是的人反而不能彰显，自我夸耀的人反而没有功劳，自高自大的人反而不能长久。", "translationTrad": "自我表現的人反而看不清，自以為是的人反而不能彰顯，自我誇耀的人反而沒有功勞，自高自大的人反而不能長久。", "noteIds": [ "c002", "c003", "c004", "c005", "c010", "c011", "c012", "c013", "c017", "c018", "c019", "c020", "c021", "c022", "c023", "c024", "c027", "c029", "c031", "c032", "c033", "c035", "c036", "c037", "c038" ], "noteCount": 25, "charNoteIds": [ "n003", "n004", "n005", "n006" ], "key": "laozi-24:s002", "n": 2 }, { "id": "s003", "paragraph": 1, "text": "其在道也，曰餘食贅行。", "textSimp": "其在道也，曰余食赘行。", "translation": "从道的角度来看，这些行为可说是剩饭和多余的肉瘤。", "translationTrad": "從道的角度來看，這些行為可說是剩飯和多餘的肉瘤。", "noteIds": [ "c006", "c008", "c014", "c025", "c026", "c030", "c031", "c032", "c034", "c035", "c036", "c037", "c038" ], "noteCount": 13, "charNoteIds": [ "n007", "n008", "n009" ], "key": "laozi-24:s003", "n": 3 }, { "id": "s004", "paragraph": 1, "text": "物或惡之，故有道者不處。", "textSimp": "物或恶之，故有道者不处。", "translation": "万物尚且厌恶它们，所以有道的人不这样自处。", "translationTrad": "萬物尚且厭惡它們，所以有道的人不這樣自處。", "noteIds": [ "c006", "c014", "c025", "c026", "c030", "c031", "c032", "c035", "c036", "c037", "c038" ], "noteCount": 11, "charNoteIds": [ "n010", "n011", "n012" ], "key": "laozi-24:s004", "n": 4 } ], "commentaries": [ { "id": "c001", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "跂者不立，跨者不行", "kind": "note", "text": "跂者不立，跂，進也，謂貪權慕名、進取功榮也，如此則不可久立身行道也。跨者不行，自以為貴而跨越於人，眾共弊之，使不得行。", "authorNote": "河上公本此注經注相連，注首重出經文，今析存注文。", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "跂者不立，跂，进也，谓贪权慕名、进取功荣也，如此则不可久立身行道也。跨者不行，自以为贵而跨越于人，众共弊之，使不得行。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》所引）（河上公本此注經注相連，注首重出經文，今析存注文。）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "河上公本此注经注相连，注首重出经文，今析存注文。", "lemmaSimp": "跂者不立，跨者不行" }, { "id": "c002", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "自見者不明", "kind": "note", "text": "人自見其形容以為好，自見所行以為應道，殊不知其形容醜、操行之鄙也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "人自见其形容以为好，自见所行以为应道，殊不知其形容丑、操行之鄙也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "lemmaSimp": "自见者不明" }, { "id": "c003", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "自是者不彰", "kind": "note", "text": "自以為是而非於人，眾人共弊之，使不得彰明也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "自以为是而非于人，众人共弊之，使不得彰明也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "lemmaSimp": "自是者不彰" }, { "id": "c004", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "自伐者無功", "kind": "note", "text": "所以輒自伐取其功美，自失有功於人。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "所以辄自伐取其功美，自失有功于人。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "lemmaSimp": "自伐者无功" }, { "id": "c005", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "自矜者不長", "kind": "note", "text": "好自矜大者，不可以長久也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "好自矜大者，不可以长久也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "lemmaSimp": "自矜者不长" }, { "id": "c006", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "其於道也，曰餘食贅行", "kind": "note", "text": "贅，貪也。使此自矜伐之人在治國之道，日日賦斂，餘祿為食；此人在位，動欲傷害，故物無有不畏惡之者。故有道者不處，言有道之人不居其國者也。", "authorNote": "河上公本此句經注相連，「行」「物或惡之」等字涉經文而混入，今據文義析出注文。", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "赘，贪也。使此自矜伐之人在治国之道，日日赋敛，余禄为食；此人在位，动欲伤害，故物无有不畏恶之者。故有道者不处，言有道之人不居其国者也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》所引）（河上公本此句經注相連，「行」「物或惡之」等字涉經文而混入，今據文義析出注文。）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "河上公本此句经注相连，「行」「物或恶之」等字涉经文而混入，今据文义析出注文。", "lemmaSimp": "其于道也，曰余食赘行" }, { "id": "c007", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "企者不立", "kind": "note", "text": "物尚進則失安，故曰企者不立。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "物尚进则失安，故曰企者不立。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "企者不立" }, { "id": "c008", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "其在道也，曰餘食贅行", "kind": "note", "text": "其唯於道而論之，若卻至之行、盛饌之餘也。本雖美，更可薉也；本雖有功而自伐之，故更為疣贅者也。", "authorNote": "「卻至」疑當作「郤至」，春秋晉卿，王弼借其行以喻。", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "其唯于道而论之，若却至之行、盛馔之余也。本虽美，更可薉也；本虽有功而自伐之，故更为疣赘者也。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）（「卻至」疑當作「郤至」，春秋晉卿，王弼借其行以喻。）", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》（《道藏》本）", "authorNoteSimp": "「却至」疑当作「郤至」，春秋晋卿，王弼借其行以喻。", "lemmaSimp": "其在道也，曰余食赘行" }, { "id": "c009", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "跂者不立，跨者不行", "kind": "note", "text": "跂者不久，跂，慕羨也。言躁競之夫，心非懷道，不能任真守素，而分外羨欲；然物有素分，不可希跂，既乖其道，豈得久長？跨者不行，跨謂矜傲也。修道之夫應須謙遜，方乃跨誕矜傲於人，以此為懷，不可行道。故莊子云：寄鵬鵰以息跂。又云：權勢不久，則夸者悲。", "authorNote": "成疏首句作「跂者不久」，與經文「跂者不立」異。", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "跂者不久，跂，慕羡也。言躁竞之夫，心非怀道，不能任真守素，而分外羡欲；然物有素分，不可希跂，既乖其道，岂得久长？跨者不行，跨谓矜傲也。修道之夫应须谦逊，方乃跨诞矜傲于人，以此为怀，不可行道。故庄子云：寄鹏雕以息跂。又云：权势不久，则夸者悲。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引）（成疏首句作「跂者不久」，與經文「跂者不立」異。）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "成疏首句作「跂者不久」，与经文「跂者不立」异。", "lemmaSimp": "跂者不立，跨者不行" }, { "id": "c010", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "自見者不明", "kind": "note", "text": "不能忘我，自見有身，此乃昏愚，非明智也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "不能忘我，自见有身，此乃昏愚，非明智也。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "lemmaSimp": "自见者不明" }, { "id": "c011", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "自是者不彰", "kind": "note", "text": "心恒自是，口每非他，物共蔽之，故其德不顯。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "心恒自是，口每非他，物共蔽之，故其德不显。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "lemmaSimp": "自是者不彰" }, { "id": "c012", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "自伐者無功", "kind": "note", "text": "凡有所為，輒自伐取，物皆不免，故無功績。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "凡有所为，辄自伐取，物皆不免，故无功绩。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "lemmaSimp": "自伐者无功" }, { "id": "c013", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "自矜者不長", "kind": "note", "text": "矜誇自高，驕慢陵物，此乃愚短，其德豈長乎？", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "矜夸自高，骄慢陵物，此乃愚短，其德岂长乎？", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "lemmaSimp": "自矜者不长" }, { "id": "c014", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "其在道也，曰餘食贅行", "kind": "note", "text": "餘食，猶殘食也；贅，附生之害也。莊云：附贅懸疣也。言矜誇自是之人，其在道行，實猶殘食贅病，甚可厭賤也。物或惡之，故有道者不處。贅是無用之肉，跨是無用之行，世間人物咸惡見之，故懷道之士豈處心於矜誇贅行乎？", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "余食，犹残食也；赘，附生之害也。庄云：附赘悬疣也。言矜夸自是之人，其在道行，实犹残食赘病，甚可厌贱也。物或恶之，故有道者不处。赘是无用之肉，跨是无用之行，世间人物咸恶见之，故怀道之士岂处心于矜夸赘行乎？", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "lemmaSimp": "其在道也，曰余食赘行" }, { "id": "c015", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "跂者不立，跨者不行", "kind": "note", "text": "跂，舉踵而望也；跨者，跨挾物也。以喻自見求明，明終不得，何異夫跂求久立、跨求行履乎？", "authorNote": "", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "跂，举踵而望也；跨者，跨挟物也。以喻自见求明，明终不得，何异夫跂求久立、跨求行履乎？", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引御注御疏）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引御注御疏）", "lemmaSimp": "跂者不立，跨者不行" }, { "id": "c016", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "跂者不立，跨者不行", "kind": "subcommentary", "text": "跂，舉踵而望也；跨，以跨挾物也。此舉喻也。夫延頸舉踵，欲求遠望，翹跂則危，故不可久立；以跨挾物，物為礙，必不可行。亦如下文自見、自是等也，故跂則不立，跨則不行，自見則不明，自是則不彰，斷可知矣。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "跂，举踵而望也；跨，以跨挟物也。此举喻也。夫延颈举踵，欲求远望，翘跂则危，故不可久立；以跨挟物，物为碍，必不可行。亦如下文自见、自是等也，故跂则不立，跨则不行，自见则不明，自是则不彰，断可知矣。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引御注御疏）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引御注御疏）", "lemmaSimp": "跂者不立，跨者不行" }, { "id": "c017", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "自見者不明", "kind": "note", "text": "露才揚己，動而見尤，故不明也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "露才扬己，动而见尤，故不明也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引御注御疏）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引御注御疏）", "lemmaSimp": "自见者不明" }, { "id": "c018", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "自見者不明", "kind": "subcommentary", "text": "夫自見之人，失之殷鑒，露才揚己，欲以自明，殊不知動則見尤，物無與者，己之事業終於昧然，故云自見不明也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "夫自见之人，失之殷鉴，露才扬己，欲以自明，殊不知动则见尤，物无与者，己之事业终于昧然，故云自见不明也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引御注御疏）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引御注御疏）", "lemmaSimp": "自见者不明" }, { "id": "c019", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "自是者不彰", "kind": "note", "text": "是己非人，直為怨府，故不彰也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "是己非人，直为怨府，故不彰也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引御注御疏）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引御注御疏）", "lemmaSimp": "自是者不彰" }, { "id": "c020", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "自是者不彰", "kind": "subcommentary", "text": "言人不能曲全而自以為是，且欲大誇諸己，而以出眾為心，求彰名迹以自光大，直為怨府，人所不堪，眾毀日聞，故難彰著，故云自是不彰。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "言人不能曲全而自以为是，且欲大夸诸己，而以出众为心，求彰名迹以自光大，直为怨府，人所不堪，众毁日闻，故难彰着，故云自是不彰。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引御注御疏）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引御注御疏）", "lemmaSimp": "自是者不彰" }, { "id": "c021", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "自伐者無功", "kind": "note", "text": "專固伐取，物所以不與，故無功。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "专固伐取，物所以不与，故无功。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引御注御疏）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引御注御疏）", "lemmaSimp": "自伐者无功" }, { "id": "c022", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "自伐者無功", "kind": "subcommentary", "text": "夫謙者德之柄，讓者禮之文，苟失斯道，無從而可；況自專固伐取以求功，不讓則爭，功斯濫矣，故云自伐者無功。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "夫谦者德之柄，让者礼之文，苟失斯道，无从而可；况自专固伐取以求功，不让则争，功斯滥矣，故云自伐者无功。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引御注御疏）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引御注御疏）", "lemmaSimp": "自伐者无功" }, { "id": "c023", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "自矜者不長", "kind": "note", "text": "矜衒行能，人所鄙薄，故不長也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "矜衒行能，人所鄙薄，故不长也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引御注御疏）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引御注御疏）", "lemmaSimp": "自矜者不长" }, { "id": "c024", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "自矜者不長", "kind": "subcommentary", "text": "盛德若愚，昔賢通議；矜衒名器，醜行則多，人所鄙薄，坐招嗤誚。自矜雖欲求益，胥怨物不推長，故云自矜者不長。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "盛德若愚，昔贤通议；矜衒名器，丑行则多，人所鄙薄，坐招嗤诮。自矜虽欲求益，胥怨物不推长，故云自矜者不长。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引御注御疏）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引御注御疏）", "lemmaSimp": "自矜者不长" }, { "id": "c025", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "其在道也，曰餘食贅行", "kind": "note", "text": "自見等行，於道而論，是曰殘餘之食、疣贅之行。凡物尚或惡之，故有道之人不處斯事矣。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "自见等行，于道而论，是曰残余之食、疣赘之行。凡物尚或恶之，故有道之人不处斯事矣。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引御注御疏）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引御注御疏）", "lemmaSimp": "其在道也，曰余食赘行" }, { "id": "c026", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "其在道也，曰餘食贅行", "kind": "subcommentary", "text": "餘食者，殘餘之食也；贅行者，疣贅之行也。殘餘食之穢，疣贅身之病，以此自見自是等行，其於道而論之，如殘餘贅疣，人所共惡也。謂為贅行者，為自見自是等為德行之疣贅，故云贅行。《春秋》曰：人將不食吾餘。《莊子》云：附贅懸疣，出乎形哉而侈於性。物或惡之，故有道者不處。此自見自是等既如餘食贅行，凡物尚或惡之而不為，故有道之君子不處身於此事矣。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "余食者，残余之食也；赘行者，疣赘之行也。残余食之秽，疣赘身之病，以此自见自是等行，其于道而论之，如残余赘疣，人所共恶也。谓为赘行者，为自见自是等为德行之疣赘，故云赘行。《春秋》曰：人将不食吾余。《庄子》云：附赘悬疣，出乎形哉而侈于性。物或恶之，故有道者不处。此自见自是等既如余食赘行，凡物尚或恶之而不为，故有道之君子不处身于此事矣。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引御注御疏）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引御注御疏）", "lemmaSimp": "其在道也，曰余食赘行" }, { "id": "c027", "block": 0, "source": "yanzun", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "自伐者無功", "kind": "note", "text": "萬人未動，天下未應，為之起兵，失君之道；為兵之道，失君之機。萬民怨恨，天心不平，宗廟危殆，終身無功也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》輯文）", "textSimp": "万人未动，天下未应，为之起兵，失君之道；为兵之道，失君之机。万民怨恨，天心不平，宗庙危殆，终身无功也。", "citationFull": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》輯文）", "citationSimp": "严遵《道德真经指归》（《玄德纂疏》辑文）", "lemmaSimp": "自伐者无功" }, { "id": "c028", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "企者不立，跨者不行", "kind": "note", "text": "跨，越也。徐行緩步，其行久也；企踵越分，行不久也。喻明謙卑退讓者可久長也。跨企矜伐者，自危自亡也。", "authorNote": "《玄德纂疏》所引「企踵」作「跂踵」。", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《道藏》本，參《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "跨，越也。徐行缓步，其行久也；企踵越分，行不久也。喻明谦卑退让者可久长也。跨企矜伐者，自危自亡也。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《道藏》本，參《玄德纂疏》所引）（《玄德纂疏》所引「企踵」作「跂踵」。）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《道藏》本，参《玄德纂疏》所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "《玄德纂疏》所引「企踵」作「跂踵」。", "lemmaSimp": "企者不立，跨者不行" }, { "id": "c029", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "自見者不明，自是者不彰，自伐者無功，自矜者不長", "kind": "note", "text": "此非君子之行，豈是忘懷之士？", "authorNote": "《玄德纂疏》所引末有「哉」字。", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《道藏》本，參《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "此非君子之行，岂是忘怀之士？", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《道藏》本，參《玄德纂疏》所引）（《玄德纂疏》所引末有「哉」字。）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《道藏》本，参《玄德纂疏》所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "《玄德纂疏》所引末有「哉」字。", "lemmaSimp": "自见者不明，自是者不彰，自伐者无功，自矜者不长" }, { "id": "c030", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "其在道也，曰餘食贅行", "kind": "note", "text": "殘餘之食，不可以薦饗；跨企之行，不可以進道。昏亂者愛斯行之為是，乃安之；達理者惡此道之為非，故不處也。", "authorNote": "《玄德纂疏》所引末句作「故不愛也」，今從道藏本。", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《道藏》本，參《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "残余之食，不可以荐飨；跨企之行，不可以进道。昏乱者爱斯行之为是，乃安之；达理者恶此道之为非，故不处也。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《道藏》本，參《玄德纂疏》所引）（《玄德纂疏》所引末句作「故不愛也」，今從道藏本。）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《道藏》本，参《玄德纂疏》所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "《玄德纂疏》所引末句作「故不爱也」，今从道藏本。", "lemmaSimp": "其在道也，曰余食赘行" }, { "id": "c031", "block": 0, "source": "luxisheng", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "跂者不立", "kind": "note", "text": "跂於利者，不可以立於常道；跨於欲者，不可以行於常名。欲利之本不忘，而曰我可以為治，無由也。故自見而蔽人，則事不明；自是而非人，則理不彰；自伐其才，則治無功；自矜其能，則道不長。此四者與跂跨同病，皆不足以致治。以道論之，若棄餘之食，不足致飽；負贅之行，亦孔之醜。凡物猶或惡之，有道者焉可以處也？", "authorNote": "", "citation": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "跂于利者，不可以立于常道；跨于欲者，不可以行于常名。欲利之本不忘，而曰我可以为治，无由也。故自见而蔽人，则事不明；自是而非人，则理不彰；自伐其才，则治无功；自矜其能，则道不长。此四者与跂跨同病，皆不足以致治。以道论之，若弃余之食，不足致饱；负赘之行，亦孔之丑。凡物犹或恶之，有道者焉可以处也？", "citationFull": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "陆希声《道德经传》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "跂者不立" }, { "id": "c032", "block": 0, "source": "lvhuiqing", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "跂者不立", "kind": "note", "text": "跂之為立，非立之常也；跨之為行，非行之常也，則不可久，故雖立不立、雖行不行也。道固无我，无我則不爭，則夫自見、自是、自矜者亦非其常也，故其於道也為餘食贅行而已。夫俗人皆嗜之矣，而吾復取焉，是餘食也；性本無是而特侈之，是贅行也。餘食贅行，物或惡之，則有道宜其不處也。夫道處眾人之所惡，而曰物或惡之，故有道者不處，何也？蓋卑虛柔弱者，眾人之所惡而去之者也，故有道者處之；見是矜伐者，眾人之所惡而爭之者也，是以不處。則或處或不處，其為不爭一也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "呂惠卿《道德真經傳》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "跂之为立，非立之常也；跨之为行，非行之常也，则不可久，故虽立不立、虽行不行也。道固无我，无我则不争，则夫自见、自是、自矜者亦非其常也，故其于道也为余食赘行而已。夫俗人皆嗜之矣，而吾复取焉，是余食也；性本无是而特侈之，是赘行也。余食赘行，物或恶之，则有道宜其不处也。夫道处众人之所恶，而曰物或恶之，故有道者不处，何也？盖卑虚柔弱者，众人之所恶而去之者也，故有道者处之；见是矜伐者，众人之所恶而争之者也，是以不处。则或处或不处，其为不争一也。", "citationFull": "呂惠卿《道德真經傳》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "吕惠卿《道德真经传》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "跂者不立" }, { "id": "c033", "block": 0, "source": "suzhe", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "跂者不立，跨者不行", "kind": "note", "text": "人未有不能立且行者也，苟以立為未足而加之以跂，以行為未足而加之以跨，未有不喪失其行立者。彼其自見、自是、自伐、自矜者，亦若是矣。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "人未有不能立且行者也，苟以立为未足而加之以跂，以行为未足而加之以跨，未有不丧失其行立者。彼其自见、自是、自伐、自矜者，亦若是矣。", "citationFull": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "苏辙《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "跂者不立，跨者不行" }, { "id": "c034", "block": 0, "source": "suzhe", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "其在道也，曰餘食贅行", "kind": "note", "text": "譬如飲食，適飽則已，有餘則病；譬如四體，適完則已，有贅則累。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "譬如饮食，适饱则已，有余则病；譬如四体，适完则已，有赘则累。", "citationFull": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "苏辙《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "其在道也，曰余食赘行" }, { "id": "c035", "block": 0, "source": "wucheng", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "跂者不立", "kind": "note", "text": "又以人之行立譬前事：立與行亦因其自然，或於自然之外而求益，跂立超其踵而立以增高其身，跨開其足而行以增闊其步，暫時如此而不能久也，終必不可以立、不可以行而遂廢。彼自見者之終不能明，自是者之終不能彰，自伐者之終無其功，自矜者之終無所長，亦若此焉爾。食之不盡者曰餘，肉之附生者曰贅，物兼人與鬼神而言。自見、自是、自伐、自矜之人，若律之於自然之道，譬若食之已餘者不當食，行之如贅者不當行也，加多於常分而不可用，幽顯之間有物亦當惡之，而有道之人不肯以此自處也。或曰：行讀如形，古字通，用司馬氏曰：棄餘之食，適使人惡；附贅之形，適使人醜。蘇氏曰：飲食有餘則病，四體有贅則累。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "吳澄《道德真經注》", "textSimp": "又以人之行立譬前事：立与行亦因其自然，或于自然之外而求益，跂立超其踵而立以增高其身，跨开其足而行以增阔其步，暂时如此而不能久也，终必不可以立、不可以行而遂废。彼自见者之终不能明，自是者之终不能彰，自伐者之终无其功，自矜者之终无所长，亦若此焉尔。食之不尽者曰余，肉之附生者曰赘，物兼人与鬼神而言。自见、自是、自伐、自矜之人，若律之于自然之道，譬若食之已余者不当食，行之如赘者不当行也，加多于常分而不可用，幽显之间有物亦当恶之，而有道之人不肯以此自处也。或曰：行读如形，古字通，用司马氏曰：弃余之食，适使人恶；附赘之形，适使人丑。苏氏曰：饮食有余则病，四体有赘则累。", "citationFull": "吳澄《道德真經注》", "citationSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》", "lemmaSimp": "跂者不立" }, { "id": "c036", "block": 0, "source": "hanshan", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "跂者不立", "kind": "note", "text": "此承前章言好辯者不能持久，猶如跂跨之人不能立行，甚言用智之過也。跂，足根不著地也。跨，闊步而行也。蓋跂者只知要強高出人一頭，故舉踵而立。殊不知舉踵不能久立。跨者只知要強先出人一步，故闊步而行。殊不知跨步不能長行。以其皆非自然。以此二句為向下自見、自是、自伐、自矜之譬喻耳。自見，謂自逞己見。自是，謂偏執己是。此一曲之士，於道必暗而不明。自伐，謂自誇其功。自矜，謂自恃其能。此皆好勝強梁之人，不但無功，而且速於取死。然此道中本無是事。故曰其在道也，如食之餘、如形之贅，皆人之所共惡。而有道之士，以謙虛自守，必不處此。故曰有道者不處。以其不能合乎自然也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "釋德清《道德經解》", "textSimp": "此承前章言好辩者不能持久，犹如跂跨之人不能立行，甚言用智之过也。跂，足根不着地也。跨，阔步而行也。盖跂者只知要强高出人一头，故举踵而立。殊不知举踵不能久立。跨者只知要强先出人一步，故阔步而行。殊不知跨步不能长行。以其皆非自然。以此二句为向下自见、自是、自伐、自矜之譬喻耳。自见，谓自逞己见。自是，谓偏执己是。此一曲之士，于道必暗而不明。自伐，谓自夸其功。自矜，谓自恃其能。此皆好胜强梁之人，不但无功，而且速于取死。然此道中本无是事。故曰其在道也，如食之余、如形之赘，皆人之所共恶。而有道之士，以谦虚自守，必不处此。故曰有道者不处。以其不能合乎自然也。", "citationFull": "釋德清《道德經解》", "citationSimp": "释德清《道德经解》", "lemmaSimp": "跂者不立" }, { "id": "c037", "block": 0, "source": "weiyuan", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "跂者不立", "kind": "note", "text": "吳氏澄曰：自跂者不立以下，又以人之行立譬前事。蓋立與行亦因其自然，或於自然之外而求益，跂焉跨焉，增高繼長，何異飄風驟雨之不能常久乎？彼內挾其自見自是之心，而外奮其自矜自伐之習者，若律諸自然之道，何異食之餘、形之贅，同為加多於當分之外哉？幽顯之間，當有物惡之矣。物兼人鬼神而言。司馬光曰：行、形古字通用。棄餘之食，適使人厭；附贅之形，適使人醜。呂氏惠卿曰：夫道處眾人之所惡，而曰物或惡之，故有道不處，何也？蓋卑虛柔弱者，眾人之所惡而棄之者也；高亢剛強，眾人之所惡而爭之者，是以不處。則或處或不處，其為不爭一也。", "authorNote": "魏源合第二十三章與此章為其第二十章，此段承上章而論，今截取其論跂跨矜伐者。", "citation": "魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "吴氏澄曰：自跂者不立以下，又以人之行立譬前事。盖立与行亦因其自然，或于自然之外而求益，跂焉跨焉，增高继长，何异飘风骤雨之不能常久乎？彼内挟其自见自是之心，而外奋其自矜自伐之习者，若律诸自然之道，何异食之余、形之赘，同为加多于当分之外哉？幽显之间，当有物恶之矣。物兼人鬼神而言。司马光曰：行、形古字通用。弃余之食，适使人厌；附赘之形，适使人丑。吕氏惠卿曰：夫道处众人之所恶，而曰物或恶之，故有道不处，何也？盖卑虚柔弱者，众人之所恶而弃之者也；高亢刚强，众人之所恶而争之者，是以不处。则或处或不处，其为不争一也。", "citationFull": "魏源《老子本義》（魏源合第二十三章與此章為其第二十章，此段承上章而論，今截取其論跂跨矜伐者。）", "citationSimp": "魏源《老子本义》", "authorNoteSimp": "魏源合第二十三章与此章为其第二十章，此段承上章而论，今截取其论跂跨矜伐者。", "lemmaSimp": "跂者不立" }, { "id": "c038", "block": 0, "source": "wangfuzhi", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "企者不立", "kind": "note", "text": "心彌急者機彌失，是彌堅者非彌甚。前機已往，追而綴之，如食已飫而更設；後機未至，強而屬之，如形已具而更駢。道數無窮，執偏執餘以盡之，宜其憎乎物，而傷乎己也。", "authorNote": "王夫之本作「餘食贅形」，注云「行、形通」。", "citation": "王夫之《老子衍》", "textSimp": "心弥急者机弥失，是弥坚者非弥甚。前机已往，追而缀之，如食已饫而更设；后机未至，强而属之，如形已具而更骈。道数无穷，执偏执余以尽之，宜其憎乎物，而伤乎己也。", "citationFull": "王夫之《老子衍》（王夫之本作「餘食贅形」，注云「行、形通」。）", "citationSimp": "王夫之《老子衍》", "authorNoteSimp": "王夫之本作「余食赘形」，注云「行、形通」。", "lemmaSimp": "企者不立" } ], "charNotes": [ { "id": "n001", "sentenceId": "s001", "start": 0, "end": 4, "char": "企者不立", "charSimp": "企者不立", "startSimp": 0, "endSimp": 4, "pinyin": "qǐ zhě bù lì", "gloss": "踮起腳跟想站得高，反而站不穩。企，踮起腳跟。", "glossSimp": "踮起脚跟想站得高，反而站不稳。企，踮起脚跟。", "general": "王弼謂物尚進則失安，故企者不立；河上公以跂為進，謂貪權慕名、進取功榮則不可久立；御疏謂延頸舉踵欲求遠望，翹跂則危，故不可久立。", "generalSimp": "王弼谓物尚进则失安，故企者不立；河上公以跂为进，谓贪权慕名、进取功荣则不可久立；御疏谓延颈举踵欲求远望，翘跂则危，故不可久立。", "variants": [ "跂者不立" ], "variantsSimp": [ "跂者不立" ], "refs": [ "王弼注", "河上公注", "御疏" ], "refsSimp": [ "王弼注", "河上公注", "御疏" ] }, { "id": "n002", "sentenceId": "s001", "start": 5, "end": 9, "char": "跨者不行", "charSimp": "跨者不行", "startSimp": 5, "endSimp": 9, "pinyin": "kuà zhě bù xíng", "gloss": "邁開大步想走得快，反而走不遠。跨，闊步越過。", "glossSimp": "迈开大步想走得快，反而走不远。跨，阔步越过。", "general": "河上公謂自以為貴而跨越於人，眾共弊之，使不得行；成玄英謂跨為矜傲，修道之夫應須謙遜；憨山謂跨步不能長行，皆非自然。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓自以为贵而跨越于人，众共弊之，使不得行；成玄英谓跨为矜傲，修道之夫应须谦逊；憨山谓跨步不能长行，皆非自然。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "憨山道德經解" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "憨山道德经解" ] }, { "id": "n003", "sentenceId": "s002", "start": 0, "end": 2, "char": "自見", "charSimp": "自见", "startSimp": 0, "endSimp": 2, "pinyin": "zì xiàn", "gloss": "自我表現、自我顯露。見，同「現」。", "glossSimp": "自我表现、自我显露。见，同「现」。", "general": "御注謂露才揚己，動而見尤，故不明；河上公謂自見形容以為好、自見所行以為應道，殊不知其醜；成玄英謂不能忘我、自見有身，此乃昏愚。", "generalSimp": "御注谓露才扬己，动而见尤，故不明；河上公谓自见形容以为好、自见所行以为应道，殊不知其丑；成玄英谓不能忘我、自见有身，此乃昏愚。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "御注", "河上公注", "成玄英疏" ], "refsSimp": [ "御注", "河上公注", "成玄英疏" ] }, { "id": "n004", "sentenceId": "s002", "start": 6, "end": 8, "char": "自是", "charSimp": "自是", "startSimp": 6, "endSimp": 8, "pinyin": "zì shì", "gloss": "自以為是。", "glossSimp": "自以为是。", "general": "御注謂是己非人，直為怨府，故不彰；河上公謂自以為是而非於人，眾人共弊之；成玄英謂心恒自是、口每非他，物共蔽之，故其德不顯。", "generalSimp": "御注谓是己非人，直为怨府，故不彰；河上公谓自以为是而非于人，众人共弊之；成玄英谓心恒自是、口每非他，物共蔽之，故其德不显。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "御注", "河上公注", "成玄英疏" ], "refsSimp": [ "御注", "河上公注", "成玄英疏" ] }, { "id": "n005", "sentenceId": "s002", "start": 12, "end": 14, "char": "自伐", "charSimp": "自伐", "startSimp": 12, "endSimp": 14, "pinyin": "zì fá", "gloss": "自我誇耀功勞。伐，誇耀。", "glossSimp": "自我夸耀功劳。伐，夸耀。", "general": "御注謂專固伐取，物所以不與，故無功；河上公謂輒自伐取其功美，自失有功於人；嚴遵謂起兵失君之道，終身無功。", "generalSimp": "御注谓专固伐取，物所以不与，故无功；河上公谓辄自伐取其功美，自失有功于人；严遵谓起兵失君之道，终身无功。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "御注", "河上公注", "嚴遵指歸" ], "refsSimp": [ "御注", "河上公注", "严遵指归" ] }, { "id": "n006", "sentenceId": "s002", "start": 18, "end": 20, "char": "自矜", "charSimp": "自矜", "startSimp": 18, "endSimp": 20, "pinyin": "zì jīn", "gloss": "自高自大、自我矜誇。", "glossSimp": "自高自大、自我矜夸。", "general": "御注謂矜衒行能，人所鄙薄，故不長；河上公謂好自矜大者不可以長久；成玄英謂矜誇自高、驕慢陵物，其德豈長。", "generalSimp": "御注谓矜衒行能，人所鄙薄，故不长；河上公谓好自矜大者不可以长久；成玄英谓矜夸自高、骄慢陵物，其德岂长。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "御注", "河上公注", "成玄英疏" ], "refsSimp": [ "御注", "河上公注", "成玄英疏" ] }, { "id": "n007", "sentenceId": "s003", "start": 0, "end": 4, "char": "其在道也", "charSimp": "其在道也", "startSimp": 0, "endSimp": 4, "pinyin": "qí zài dào yě", "gloss": "若從道的角度來衡量。在，於。", "glossSimp": "若从道的角度来衡量。在，于。", "general": "王弼本作「其在道也」，河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、魏源諸本作「其於道也」；御注云「自見等行，於道而論」。", "generalSimp": "王弼本作「其在道也」，河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、魏源诸本作「其于道也」；御注云「自见等行，于道而论」。", "variants": [ "其於道也" ], "variantsSimp": [ "其于道也" ], "refs": [ "王弼注", "御注", "魏源本義" ], "refsSimp": [ "王弼注", "御注", "魏源本义" ] }, { "id": "n008", "sentenceId": "s003", "start": 6, "end": 8, "char": "餘食", "charSimp": "余食", "startSimp": 6, "endSimp": 8, "pinyin": "yú shí", "gloss": "剩餘的食物、殘食。", "glossSimp": "剩余的食物、残食。", "general": "御疏：「餘食者，殘餘之食也。」成玄英：「餘食，猶殘食也。」河上公以「餘祿為食」釋之，謂日日賦斂；吳澄謂食之不盡者曰餘。", "generalSimp": "御疏：「余食者，残余之食也。」成玄英：「余食，犹残食也。」河上公以「余禄为食」释之，谓日日赋敛；吴澄谓食之不尽者曰余。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "御疏", "成玄英疏", "河上公注", "吳澄道德真經注" ], "refsSimp": [ "御疏", "成玄英疏", "河上公注", "吴澄道德真经注" ] }, { "id": "n009", "sentenceId": "s003", "start": 8, "end": 10, "char": "贅行", "charSimp": "赘行", "startSimp": 8, "endSimp": 10, "pinyin": "zhuì xíng", "gloss": "多餘的肉瘤、附贅之行。行，一讀如形。", "glossSimp": "多余的肉瘤、附赘之行。行，一读如形。", "general": "御疏：「贅行者，疣贅之行也。」成玄英引《莊子》「附贅懸疣」；吳澄謂肉之附生者曰贅，行讀如形，古字通；王夫之本作「餘食贅形」，注「行、形通」。", "generalSimp": "御疏：「赘行者，疣赘之行也。」成玄英引《庄子》「附赘悬疣」；吴澄谓肉之附生者曰赘，行读如形，古字通；王夫之本作「余食赘形」，注「行、形通」。", "variants": [ "贅形" ], "variantsSimp": [ "赘形" ], "refs": [ "御疏", "成玄英疏", "吳澄道德真經注", "王夫之老子衍" ], "refsSimp": [ "御疏", "成玄英疏", "吴澄道德真经注", "王夫之老子衍" ] }, { "id": "n010", "sentenceId": "s004", "start": 0, "end": 4, "char": "物或惡之", "charSimp": "物或恶之", "startSimp": 0, "endSimp": 4, "pinyin": "wù huò wù zhī", "gloss": "萬物尚且厭惡它們。或，尚且、也許。", "glossSimp": "万物尚且厌恶它们。或，尚且、也许。", "general": "御注謂凡物尚或惡之，故有道之人不處斯事；河上公謂物無有不畏惡之者；吳澄謂物兼人與鬼神而言。", "generalSimp": "御注谓凡物尚或恶之，故有道之人不处斯事；河上公谓物无有不畏恶之者；吴澄谓物兼人与鬼神而言。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "御注", "河上公注", "吳澄道德真經注" ], "refsSimp": [ "御注", "河上公注", "吴澄道德真经注" ] }, { "id": "n011", "sentenceId": "s004", "start": 6, "end": 9, "char": "有道者", "charSimp": "有道者", "startSimp": 6, "endSimp": 9, "pinyin": "yǒu dào zhě", "gloss": "有道的人、懷道之士。", "glossSimp": "有道的人、怀道之士。", "general": "河上公謂有道之人不居其國；成玄英謂懷道之士豈處心於矜誇贅行；御注謂有道之君子不處身於此事。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓有道之人不居其国；成玄英谓怀道之士岂处心于矜夸赘行；御注谓有道之君子不处身于此事。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "御注" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "御注" ] }, { "id": "n012", "sentenceId": "s004", "start": 9, "end": 11, "char": "不處", "charSimp": "不处", "startSimp": 9, "endSimp": 11, "pinyin": "bù chǔ", "gloss": "不居處、不以此自處。處，居。", "glossSimp": "不居处、不以此自处。处，居。", "general": "河上公謂有道之人不居其國；御注謂不處身於此事；李榮道藏本謂達理者惡此道之為非，故不處也。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓有道之人不居其国；御注谓不处身于此事；李荣道藏本谓达理者恶此道之为非，故不处也。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "御注", "李榮注" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "御注", "李荣注" ] } ], "glossary": { "企者不立": "踮起腳跟想站得高，反而站不穩。企，踮起腳跟。", "跨者不行": "邁開大步想走得快，反而走不遠。跨，闊步越過。", "自見": "自我表現、自我顯露。見，同「現」。", "自是": "自以為是。", "自伐": "自我誇耀功勞。伐，誇耀。", "自矜": "自高自大、自我矜誇。", "其在道也": "若從道的角度來衡量。在，於。", "餘食": "剩餘的食物、殘食。", "贅行": "多餘的肉瘤、附贅之行。行，一讀如形。", "物或惡之": "萬物尚且厭惡它們。或，尚且、也許。", "有道者": "有道的人、懷道之士。", "不處": "不居處、不以此自處。處，居。" }, "collations": [ { "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "章次與章題", "text": "河上公題「苦恩第二十四」，唐玄宗題「跂者不立章第二十四」，王弼本無章題。吳澄合此章與上章為其第二十章，章末總注云「自希言至有不信，既以言明道之得失矣；自跂者不立以下，又以人之行立譬前事」；魏源從吳澄，亦合為其第二十章。俞樾《諸子平議》此章未列。本站從王弼本分章。", "source": "河上公《老子道德經章句》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、王弼《老子道德經注》、吳澄《道德真經注》、魏源《老子本義》、俞樾《諸子平議·老子平議》", "textSimp": "河上公题「苦恩第二十四」，唐玄宗题「跂者不立章第二十四」，王弼本无章题。吴澄合此章与上章为其第二十章，章末总注云「自希言至有不信，既以言明道之得失矣；自跂者不立以下，又以人之行立譬前事」；魏源从吴澄，亦合为其第二十章。俞樾《诸子平议》此章未列。本站从王弼本分章。", "headwordSimp": "章次与章题", "sourceSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、王弼《老子道德经注》、吴澄《道德真经注》、魏源《老子本义》、俞樾《诸子平议·老子平议》", "id": "k001" }, { "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "「企」與「跂」", "text": "王弼道藏本、李榮道藏本、王夫之本作「企者不立」；河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山、魏源諸本作「跂者不立」；魏源云「跂，王弼作企」。正文從王弼本作「企」。", "source": "王弼《老子道德經注》、李榮《道德真經注》、王夫之《老子衍》、河上公《老子道德經章句》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "王弼道藏本、李荣道藏本、王夫之本作「企者不立」；河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、憨山、魏源诸本作「跂者不立」；魏源云「跂，王弼作企」。正文从王弼本作「企」。", "headwordSimp": "「企」与「跂」", "sourceSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》、李荣《道德真经注》、王夫之《老子衍》、河上公《老子道德经章句》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》", "id": "k002" }, { "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "河上公注經注相連", "text": "《玄德纂疏》所引河上公注以「跂者不立」「跨者不行」重出經文起句，經注相連，今析存注文。", "source": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "《玄德纂疏》所引河上公注以「跂者不立」「跨者不行」重出经文起句，经注相连，今析存注文。", "headwordSimp": "河上公注经注相连", "sourceSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "id": "k003" }, { "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "「在」與「於」", "text": "王弼本、李榮道藏本、憨山本、王夫之本作「其在道也」；河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、魏源諸本作「其於道也」，魏源云「王弼作其在道也」。正文從王弼本。", "source": "王弼《老子道德經注》、李榮《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、王夫之《老子衍》、河上公《老子道德經章句》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "王弼本、李荣道藏本、憨山本、王夫之本作「其在道也」；河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、魏源诸本作「其于道也」，魏源云「王弼作其在道也」。正文从王弼本。", "headwordSimp": "「在」与「于」", "sourceSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》、李荣《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、王夫之《老子衍》、河上公《老子道德经章句》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、魏源《老子本义》", "id": "k004" }, { "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "「行」與「形」", "text": "王弼、河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山、魏源諸本作「贅行」；王夫之本作「餘食贅形」，注「行、形通」；吳澄謂行讀如形，古字通，引司馬光「附贅之形」為說。正文從通行本作「贅行」。", "source": "王弼《老子道德經注》、河上公《老子道德經章句》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》、王夫之《老子衍》", "textSimp": "王弼、河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李荣、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、憨山、魏源诸本作「赘行」；王夫之本作「余食赘形」，注「行、形通」；吴澄谓行读如形，古字通，引司马光「附赘之形」为说。正文从通行本作「赘行」。", "headwordSimp": "「行」与「形」", "sourceSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》、河上公《老子道德经章句》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、李荣《道德真经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》、王夫之《老子衍》", "id": "k005" }, { "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "「或」與「故」", "text": "諸本作「物或惡之」；一本「或」作「故」（據魏源校語）。正文從通行本作「或」。", "source": "王弼《老子道德經注》、河上公《老子道德經章句》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》、王夫之《老子衍》", "textSimp": "诸本作「物或恶之」；一本「或」作「故」（据魏源校语）。正文从通行本作「或」。", "headwordSimp": "「或」与「故」", "sourceSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》、河上公《老子道德经章句》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、李荣《道德真经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》、王夫之《老子衍》", "id": "k006" }, { "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "「不處」與「不處也」", "text": "王弼、河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、魏源、王夫之諸本作「不處」；吳澄、憨山本作「不處也」；傅奕本「處」下有「也」字（據魏源校語）。正文從王弼本。", "source": "王弼《老子道德經注》、河上公《老子道德經章句》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》、王夫之《老子衍》", "textSimp": "王弼、河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李荣、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、魏源、王夫之诸本作「不处」；吴澄、憨山本作「不处也」；傅奕本「处」下有「也」字（据魏源校语）。正文从王弼本。", "headwordSimp": "「不处」与「不处也」", "sourceSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》、河上公《老子道德经章句》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、李荣《道德真经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》、王夫之《老子衍》", "id": "k007" }, { "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "李榮「不處」與「不愛」", "text": "李榮道藏本末句作「故不處也」，其注亦云「達理者惡此道之為非，故不處也」；《玄德纂疏》所引末句作「故不愛也」。注從道藏本。", "source": "李榮《道德真經注》（《道藏》本、《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "李荣道藏本末句作「故不处也」，其注亦云「达理者恶此道之为非，故不处也」；《玄德纂疏》所引末句作「故不爱也」。注从道藏本。", "headwordSimp": "李荣「不处」与「不爱」", "sourceSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《道藏》本、《玄德纂疏》所引）", "id": "k008" }, { "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "河上公注涉經文混入", "text": "《玄德纂疏》所引河上公注「日日賦斂餘祿為食行，物或惡之」云云，經注相連，「行」「物或惡之」等字涉經文而混入，今據文義析出注文。", "source": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "《玄德纂疏》所引河上公注「日日赋敛余禄为食行，物或恶之」云云，经注相连，「行」「物或恶之」等字涉经文而混入，今据文义析出注文。", "headwordSimp": "河上公注涉经文混入", "sourceSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "id": "k009" }, { "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "成疏「跂者不久」", "text": "成玄英疏首句作「跂者不久」，與經文「跂者不立」異；下文又云「豈得久長」，蓋涉義而變。", "source": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "成玄英疏首句作「跂者不久」，与经文「跂者不立」异；下文又云「岂得久长」，盖涉义而变。", "headwordSimp": "成疏「跂者不久」", "sourceSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "id": "k010" } ], "glossarySimp": { "企者不立": "踮起脚跟想站得高，反而站不稳。企，踮起脚跟。", "跨者不行": "迈开大步想走得快，反而走不远。跨，阔步越过。", "自见": "自我表现、自我显露。见，同「现」。", "自是": "自以为是。", "自伐": "自我夸耀功劳。伐，夸耀。", "自矜": "自高自大、自我矜夸。", "其在道也": "若从道的角度来衡量。在，于。", "余食": "剩余的食物、残食。", "赘行": "多余的肉瘤、附赘之行。行，一读如形。", "物或恶之": "万物尚且厌恶它们。或，尚且、也许。", "有道者": "有道的人、怀道之士。", "不处": "不居处、不以此自处。处，居。" }, "lexicon": { "note": "由构建脚本从字词注与常用字表生成，供义位词典和开放数据集使用；occurrence 统计按繁体与简体正文分别匹配后合并。", "entries": [ { "order": 1, "id": "n001", "noteId": "n001", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "企者不立", "headwordSimp": "企者不立", "pinyin": "qǐ zhě bù lì", "gloss": "踮起腳跟想站得高，反而站不穩。企，踮起腳跟。", "glossSimp": "踮起脚跟想站得高，反而站不稳。企，踮起脚跟。", "general": "王弼謂物尚進則失安，故企者不立；河上公以跂為進，謂貪權慕名、進取功榮則不可久立；御疏謂延頸舉踵欲求遠望，翹跂則危，故不可久立。", "generalSimp": "王弼谓物尚进则失安，故企者不立；河上公以跂为进，谓贪权慕名、进取功荣则不可久立；御疏谓延颈举踵欲求远望，翘跂则危，故不可久立。", "variants": [ "跂者不立" ], "variantsSimp": [ "跂者不立" ], "refs": [ "王弼注", "河上公注", "御疏" ], "refsSimp": [ "王弼注", "河上公注", "御疏" ], "forms": [ { "form": "企者不立", "formSimp": "企者不立", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 2, "id": "n002", "noteId": "n002", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "跨者不行", "headwordSimp": "跨者不行", "pinyin": "kuà zhě bù xíng", "gloss": "邁開大步想走得快，反而走不遠。跨，闊步越過。", "glossSimp": "迈开大步想走得快，反而走不远。跨，阔步越过。", "general": "河上公謂自以為貴而跨越於人，眾共弊之，使不得行；成玄英謂跨為矜傲，修道之夫應須謙遜；憨山謂跨步不能長行，皆非自然。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓自以为贵而跨越于人，众共弊之，使不得行；成玄英谓跨为矜傲，修道之夫应须谦逊；憨山谓跨步不能长行，皆非自然。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "憨山道德經解" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "憨山道德经解" ], "forms": [ { "form": "跨者不行", "formSimp": "跨者不行", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 3, "id": "n003", "noteId": "n003", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "自見", "headwordSimp": "自见", "pinyin": "zì xiàn", "gloss": "自我表現、自我顯露。見，同「現」。", "glossSimp": "自我表现、自我显露。见，同「现」。", "general": "御注謂露才揚己，動而見尤，故不明；河上公謂自見形容以為好、自見所行以為應道，殊不知其醜；成玄英謂不能忘我、自見有身，此乃昏愚。", "generalSimp": "御注谓露才扬己，动而见尤，故不明；河上公谓自见形容以为好、自见所行以为应道，殊不知其丑；成玄英谓不能忘我、自见有身，此乃昏愚。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "御注", "河上公注", "成玄英疏" ], "refsSimp": [ "御注", "河上公注", "成玄英疏" ], "forms": [ { "form": "自見", "formSimp": "自见", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 4, "id": "n004", "noteId": "n004", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "自是", "headwordSimp": "自是", "pinyin": "zì shì", "gloss": "自以為是。", "glossSimp": "自以为是。", "general": "御注謂是己非人，直為怨府，故不彰；河上公謂自以為是而非於人，眾人共弊之；成玄英謂心恒自是、口每非他，物共蔽之，故其德不顯。", "generalSimp": "御注谓是己非人，直为怨府，故不彰；河上公谓自以为是而非于人，众人共弊之；成玄英谓心恒自是、口每非他，物共蔽之，故其德不显。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "御注", "河上公注", "成玄英疏" ], "refsSimp": [ "御注", "河上公注", "成玄英疏" ], "forms": [ { "form": "自是", "formSimp": "自是", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 5, "id": "n005", "noteId": "n005", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "自伐", "headwordSimp": "自伐", "pinyin": "zì fá", "gloss": "自我誇耀功勞。伐，誇耀。", "glossSimp": "自我夸耀功劳。伐，夸耀。", "general": "御注謂專固伐取，物所以不與，故無功；河上公謂輒自伐取其功美，自失有功於人；嚴遵謂起兵失君之道，終身無功。", "generalSimp": "御注谓专固伐取，物所以不与，故无功；河上公谓辄自伐取其功美，自失有功于人；严遵谓起兵失君之道，终身无功。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "御注", "河上公注", "嚴遵指歸" ], "refsSimp": [ "御注", "河上公注", "严遵指归" ], "forms": [ { "form": "自伐", "formSimp": "自伐", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 6, "id": "n006", "noteId": "n006", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "自矜", "headwordSimp": "自矜", "pinyin": "zì jīn", "gloss": "自高自大、自我矜誇。", "glossSimp": "自高自大、自我矜夸。", "general": "御注謂矜衒行能，人所鄙薄，故不長；河上公謂好自矜大者不可以長久；成玄英謂矜誇自高、驕慢陵物，其德豈長。", "generalSimp": "御注谓矜衒行能，人所鄙薄，故不长；河上公谓好自矜大者不可以长久；成玄英谓矜夸自高、骄慢陵物，其德岂长。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "御注", "河上公注", "成玄英疏" ], "refsSimp": [ "御注", "河上公注", "成玄英疏" ], "forms": [ { "form": "自矜", "formSimp": "自矜", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 7, "id": "n007", "noteId": "n007", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "其在道也", "headwordSimp": "其在道也", "pinyin": "qí zài dào yě", "gloss": "若從道的角度來衡量。在，於。", "glossSimp": "若从道的角度来衡量。在，于。", "general": "王弼本作「其在道也」，河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、魏源諸本作「其於道也」；御注云「自見等行，於道而論」。", "generalSimp": "王弼本作「其在道也」，河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、魏源诸本作「其于道也」；御注云「自见等行，于道而论」。", "variants": [ "其於道也" ], "variantsSimp": [ "其于道也" ], "refs": [ "王弼注", "御注", "魏源本義" ], "refsSimp": [ "王弼注", "御注", "魏源本义" ], "forms": [ { "form": "其在道也", "formSimp": "其在道也", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 8, "id": "n008", "noteId": "n008", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "餘食", "headwordSimp": "余食", "pinyin": "yú shí", "gloss": "剩餘的食物、殘食。", "glossSimp": "剩余的食物、残食。", "general": "御疏：「餘食者，殘餘之食也。」成玄英：「餘食，猶殘食也。」河上公以「餘祿為食」釋之，謂日日賦斂；吳澄謂食之不盡者曰餘。", "generalSimp": "御疏：「余食者，残余之食也。」成玄英：「余食，犹残食也。」河上公以「余禄为食」释之，谓日日赋敛；吴澄谓食之不尽者曰余。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "御疏", "成玄英疏", "河上公注", "吳澄道德真經注" ], "refsSimp": [ "御疏", "成玄英疏", "河上公注", "吴澄道德真经注" ], "forms": [ { "form": "餘食", "formSimp": "余食", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 9, "id": "n009", "noteId": "n009", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "贅行", "headwordSimp": "赘行", "pinyin": "zhuì xíng", "gloss": "多餘的肉瘤、附贅之行。行，一讀如形。", "glossSimp": "多余的肉瘤、附赘之行。行，一读如形。", "general": "御疏：「贅行者，疣贅之行也。」成玄英引《莊子》「附贅懸疣」；吳澄謂肉之附生者曰贅，行讀如形，古字通；王夫之本作「餘食贅形」，注「行、形通」。", "generalSimp": "御疏：「赘行者，疣赘之行也。」成玄英引《庄子》「附赘悬疣」；吴澄谓肉之附生者曰赘，行读如形，古字通；王夫之本作「余食赘形」，注「行、形通」。", "variants": [ "贅形" ], "variantsSimp": [ "赘形" ], "refs": [ "御疏", "成玄英疏", "吳澄道德真經注", "王夫之老子衍" ], "refsSimp": [ "御疏", "成玄英疏", "吴澄道德真经注", "王夫之老子衍" ], "forms": [ { "form": "贅行", "formSimp": "赘行", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 10, "id": "n010", "noteId": "n010", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "物或惡之", "headwordSimp": "物或恶之", "pinyin": "wù huò wù zhī", "gloss": "萬物尚且厭惡它們。或，尚且、也許。", "glossSimp": "万物尚且厌恶它们。或，尚且、也许。", "general": "御注謂凡物尚或惡之，故有道之人不處斯事；河上公謂物無有不畏惡之者；吳澄謂物兼人與鬼神而言。", "generalSimp": "御注谓凡物尚或恶之，故有道之人不处斯事；河上公谓物无有不畏恶之者；吴澄谓物兼人与鬼神而言。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "御注", "河上公注", "吳澄道德真經注" ], "refsSimp": [ "御注", "河上公注", "吴澄道德真经注" ], "forms": [ { "form": "物或惡之", "formSimp": "物或恶之", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 11, "id": "n011", "noteId": "n011", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "有道者", "headwordSimp": "有道者", "pinyin": "yǒu dào zhě", "gloss": "有道的人、懷道之士。", "glossSimp": "有道的人、怀道之士。", "general": "河上公謂有道之人不居其國；成玄英謂懷道之士豈處心於矜誇贅行；御注謂有道之君子不處身於此事。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓有道之人不居其国；成玄英谓怀道之士岂处心于矜夸赘行；御注谓有道之君子不处身于此事。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "御注" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "御注" ], "forms": [ { "form": "有道者", "formSimp": "有道者", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 12, "id": "n012", "noteId": "n012", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "不處", "headwordSimp": "不处", "pinyin": "bù chǔ", "gloss": "不居處、不以此自處。處，居。", "glossSimp": "不居处、不以此自处。处，居。", "general": "河上公謂有道之人不居其國；御注謂不處身於此事；李榮道藏本謂達理者惡此道之為非，故不處也。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓有道之人不居其国；御注谓不处身于此事；李荣道藏本谓达理者恶此道之为非，故不处也。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "御注", "李榮注" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "御注", "李荣注" ], "forms": [ { "form": "不處", "formSimp": "不处", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 } ], "glossaryEntries": [ { "order": 13, "id": "g001", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "企者不立", "headwordSimp": "企者不立", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "踮起腳跟想站得高，反而站不穩。企，踮起腳跟。", "glossSimp": "踮起脚跟想站得高，反而站不稳。企，踮起脚跟。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "企者不立", "formSimp": "企者不立", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 14, "id": "g002", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "跨者不行", "headwordSimp": "跨者不行", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "邁開大步想走得快，反而走不遠。跨，闊步越過。", "glossSimp": "迈开大步想走得快，反而走不远。跨，阔步越过。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "跨者不行", "formSimp": "跨者不行", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 15, "id": "g003", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "自見", "headwordSimp": "自见", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "自我表現、自我顯露。見，同「現」。", "glossSimp": "自我表现、自我显露。见，同「现」。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "自見", "formSimp": "自见", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 16, "id": "g004", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "自是", "headwordSimp": "自是", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "自以為是。", "glossSimp": "自以为是。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "自是", "formSimp": "自是", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 17, "id": "g005", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "自伐", "headwordSimp": "自伐", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "自我誇耀功勞。伐，誇耀。", "glossSimp": "自我夸耀功劳。伐，夸耀。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "自伐", "formSimp": "自伐", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 18, "id": "g006", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "自矜", "headwordSimp": "自矜", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "自高自大、自我矜誇。", "glossSimp": "自高自大、自我矜夸。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "自矜", "formSimp": "自矜", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 19, "id": "g007", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "其在道也", "headwordSimp": "其在道也", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "若從道的角度來衡量。在，於。", "glossSimp": "若从道的角度来衡量。在，于。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "其在道也", "formSimp": "其在道也", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 20, "id": "g008", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "餘食", "headwordSimp": "余食", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "剩餘的食物、殘食。", "glossSimp": "剩余的食物、残食。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "餘食", "formSimp": "余食", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 21, "id": "g009", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "贅行", "headwordSimp": "赘行", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "多餘的肉瘤、附贅之行。行，一讀如形。", "glossSimp": "多余的肉瘤、附赘之行。行，一读如形。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "贅行", "formSimp": "赘行", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 22, "id": "g010", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "物或惡之", "headwordSimp": "物或恶之", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "萬物尚且厭惡它們。或，尚且、也許。", "glossSimp": "万物尚且厌恶它们。或，尚且、也许。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "物或惡之", "formSimp": "物或恶之", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 23, "id": "g011", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "有道者", "headwordSimp": "有道者", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "有道的人、懷道之士。", "glossSimp": "有道的人、怀道之士。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "有道者", "formSimp": "有道者", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 24, "id": "g012", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "不處", "headwordSimp": "不处", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "不居處、不以此自處。處，居。", "glossSimp": "不居处、不以此自处。处，居。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "不處", "formSimp": "不处", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 } ] }, "relations": { "version": "1.0.0", "note": "第二十四章四句的十三家對照。嚴遵此章《玄德纂疏》僅輯存「自伐者無功」一條，俞樾《諸子平議》此章未列；王弼此章僅存二注。河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮、蘇轍、吳澄隨句分疏；陸希聲、呂惠卿、憨山、魏源、王夫之各以整章一段通釋。諸家解「企」「跂」有同字、異文之別，解「贅行」有行、形二讀，解「物」有人、鬼神之兼；大旨歸於加益自然之外者不能久，自見自是自伐自矜者為道之餘贅，故有道者不處。", "concepts": [ { "id": "qi-zhe-bu-li-kua-zhe-bu-xing", "name": "企者不立，跨者不行", "nameTrad": "企者不立，跨者不行", "question": "「企」與「跂」是否同字？企立、跨行為何不能久？此喻是戒躁競，還是明自然之分？", "questionTrad": "「企」與「跂」是否同字？企立、跨行為何不能久？此喻是戒躁競，還是明自然之分？", "intro": "河上公以跂為進，謂貪權慕名、進取功榮則不可久立；以跨為自以為貴而跨越於人，眾共弊之。王弼謂物尚進則失安。成玄英以跂為慕羨、跨為矜傲，謂躁競之夫分外羨欲、修道之夫應須謙遜。唐玄宗以舉踵而望、跨挾物為喻，謂翹跂則危、物為礙則必不可行。李榮謂徐行緩步其行久、企踵越分行不久，喻謙卑退讓者可久長。陸希聲謂跂於利者不可以立於常道，跨於欲者不可以行於常名。呂惠卿謂跂之為立非立之常、跨之為行非行之常，故雖立不立、雖行不行。蘇轍謂以立為未足而加之以跂、以行為未足而加之以跨，未有不喪失其行立者。吳澄謂跂立超踵、跨開其足，暫時如此而不能久，終必不可以立、不可以行而遂廢。憨山謂跂者舉踵不能久立、跨者闊步不能長行，皆非自然。魏源謂跂焉跨焉、增高繼長，何異飄風驟雨之不能常久。王夫之謂心彌急者機彌失、是彌堅者非彌甚。諸家皆以企跨為加益於自然之外，故不能久；其釋「企」「跂」有同字、異文之別，並見校記。", "introTrad": "河上公以跂為進，謂貪權慕名、進取功榮則不可久立；以跨為自以為貴而跨越於人，眾共弊之。王弼謂物尚進則失安。成玄英以跂為慕羨、跨為矜傲，謂躁競之夫分外羨欲、修道之夫應須謙遜。唐玄宗以舉踵而望、跨挾物為喻，謂翹跂則危、物為礙則必不可行。李榮謂徐行緩步其行久、企踵越分行不久，喻謙卑退讓者可久長。陸希聲謂跂於利者不可以立於常道，跨於欲者不可以行於常名。呂惠卿謂跂之為立非立之常、跨之為行非行之常，故雖立不立、雖行不行。蘇轍謂以立為未足而加之以跂、以行為未足而加之以跨，未有不喪失其行立者。吳澄謂跂立超踵、跨開其足，暫時如此而不能久，終必不可以立、不可以行而遂廢。憨山謂跂者舉踵不能久立、跨者闊步不能長行，皆非自然。魏源謂跂焉跨焉、增高繼長，何異飄風驟雨之不能常久。王夫之謂心彌急者機彌失、是彌堅者非彌甚。諸家皆以企跨為加益於自然之外，故不能久；其釋「企」「跂」有同字、異文之別，並見校記。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "跂為進取功榮，跨為自以為貴而跨越於人，皆不可久立、不得行。", "thesisTrad": "跂為進取功榮，跨為自以為貴而跨越於人，皆不可久立、不得行。", "noteIds": [ "c001" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "跂为进取功荣，跨为自以为贵而跨越于人，皆不可久立、不得行。" }, "wangbi": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "物尚進則失安，故曰企者不立。", "thesisTrad": "物尚進則失安，故曰企者不立。", "noteIds": [ "c007" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "物尚进则失安，故曰企者不立。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "跂為慕羨、跨為矜傲，躁競羨欲、矜傲於人皆不可行道。", "thesisTrad": "跂為慕羨、跨為矜傲，躁競羨欲、矜傲於人皆不可行道。", "noteIds": [ "c009" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "跂为慕羡、跨为矜傲，躁竞羡欲、矜傲于人皆不可行道。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "舉踵而望則危、跨挾物則礙，故跂則不立、跨則不行。", "thesisTrad": "舉踵而望則危、跨挾物則礙，故跂則不立、跨則不行。", "noteIds": [ "c015", "c016" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "举踵而望则危、跨挟物则碍，故跂则不立、跨则不行。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "徐行緩步其行久，企踵越分行不久，喻謙卑退讓者可久長。", "thesisTrad": "徐行緩步其行久，企踵越分行不久，喻謙卑退讓者可久長。", "noteIds": [ "c028" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "徐行缓步其行久，企踵越分行不久，喻谦卑退让者可久长。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "跂於利者不可以立於常道，跨於欲者不可以行於常名。", "thesisTrad": "跂於利者不可以立於常道，跨於欲者不可以行於常名。", "noteIds": [ "c031" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "跂于利者不可以立于常道，跨于欲者不可以行于常名。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "跂之為立非立之常、跨之為行非行之常，故雖立不立、雖行不行。", "thesisTrad": "跂之為立非立之常、跨之為行非行之常，故雖立不立、雖行不行。", "noteIds": [ "c032" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "跂之为立非立之常、跨之为行非行之常，故虽立不立、虽行不行。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "以立為未足而加跂、以行為未足而加跨，未有不喪失其行立者。", "thesisTrad": "以立為未足而加跂、以行為未足而加跨，未有不喪失其行立者。", "noteIds": [ "c033" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "以立为未足而加跂、以行为未足而加跨，未有不丧失其行立者。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "跂立超踵、跨開其足，暫時如此而不能久，終必廢。", "thesisTrad": "跂立超踵、跨開其足，暫時如此而不能久，終必廢。", "noteIds": [ "c035" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "跂立超踵、跨开其足，暂时如此而不能久，终必废。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "跂者舉踵不能久立、跨者闊步不能長行，皆非自然。", "thesisTrad": "跂者舉踵不能久立、跨者闊步不能長行，皆非自然。", "noteIds": [ "c036" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "跂者举踵不能久立、跨者阔步不能长行，皆非自然。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "跂焉跨焉、增高繼長，何異飄風驟雨之不能常久。", "thesisTrad": "跂焉跨焉、增高繼長，何異飄風驟雨之不能常久。", "noteIds": [ "c037" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "跂焉跨焉、增高继长，何异飘风骤雨之不能常久。" }, "wangfuzhi": { "workType": "衍", "workTypeTrad": "衍", "thesis": "心彌急者機彌失，是彌堅者非彌甚。", "thesisTrad": "心彌急者機彌失，是彌堅者非彌甚。", "noteIds": [ "c038" ], "workTypeSimp": "衍", "thesisSimp": "心弥急者机弥失，是弥坚者非弥甚。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c001", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公以跂為進，謂貪權慕名、進取功榮則不可久立；跨則自以為貴而跨越於人，眾共弊之。", "textTrad": "河上公以跂為進，謂貪權慕名、進取功榮則不可久立；跨則自以為貴而跨越於人，眾共弊之。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公以跂为进，谓贪权慕名、进取功荣则不可久立；跨则自以为贵而跨越于人，众共弊之。" }, { "noteId": "c007", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "王弼謂物尚進則失安，故曰企者不立。", "textTrad": "王弼謂物尚進則失安，故曰企者不立。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "王弼谓物尚进则失安，故曰企者不立。" }, { "noteId": "c009", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英以跂為慕羨、跨為矜傲，謂躁競羨欲、矜傲於人皆不可行道。", "textTrad": "成玄英以跂為慕羨、跨為矜傲，謂躁競羨欲、矜傲於人皆不可行道。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英以跂为慕羡、跨为矜傲，谓躁竞羡欲、矜傲于人皆不可行道。" }, { "noteId": "c015", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "唐玄宗以舉踵而望、跨挾物為喻，謂自見求明終不可得。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗以舉踵而望、跨挾物為喻，謂自見求明終不可得。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "唐玄宗以举踵而望、跨挟物为喻，谓自见求明终不可得。" }, { "noteId": "c016", "relation": "御疏", "relationTrad": "御疏", "text": "御疏申謂翹跂則危、物為礙則必不可行，故跂則不立、跨則不行。", "textTrad": "御疏申謂翹跂則危、物為礙則必不可行，故跂則不立、跨則不行。", "relationSimp": "御疏", "textSimp": "御疏申谓翘跂则危、物为碍则必不可行，故跂则不立、跨则不行。" }, { "noteId": "c028", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮謂徐行緩步其行久、企踵越分行不久，喻謙卑退讓者可久長。", "textTrad": "李榮謂徐行緩步其行久、企踵越分行不久，喻謙卑退讓者可久長。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣谓徐行缓步其行久、企踵越分行不久，喻谦卑退让者可久长。" }, { "noteId": "c031", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "陸希聲謂跂於利者不可以立於常道，跨於欲者不可以行於常名。", "textTrad": "陸希聲謂跂於利者不可以立於常道，跨於欲者不可以行於常名。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "陆希声谓跂于利者不可以立于常道，跨于欲者不可以行于常名。" }, { "noteId": "c032", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "呂惠卿謂跂之為立非立之常、跨之為行非行之常，故雖立不立、雖行不行。", "textTrad": "呂惠卿謂跂之為立非立之常、跨之為行非行之常，故雖立不立、雖行不行。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "吕惠卿谓跂之为立非立之常、跨之为行非行之常，故虽立不立、虽行不行。" }, { "noteId": "c033", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "蘇轍謂以立為未足而加跂、以行為未足而加跨，未有不喪失其行立者。", "textTrad": "蘇轍謂以立為未足而加跂、以行為未足而加跨，未有不喪失其行立者。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "苏辙谓以立为未足而加跂、以行为未足而加跨，未有不丧失其行立者。" }, { "noteId": "c035", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄謂跂立超踵、跨開其足，暫時如此而不能久，終必不可以立、不可以行而遂廢。", "textTrad": "吳澄謂跂立超踵、跨開其足，暫時如此而不能久，終必不可以立、不可以行而遂廢。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄谓跂立超踵、跨开其足，暂时如此而不能久，终必不可以立、不可以行而遂废。" }, { "noteId": "c036", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "憨山謂跂者舉踵不能久立、跨者闊步不能長行，皆非自然。", "textTrad": "憨山謂跂者舉踵不能久立、跨者闊步不能長行，皆非自然。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "憨山谓跂者举踵不能久立、跨者阔步不能长行，皆非自然。" }, { "noteId": "c037", "relation": "本義", "relationTrad": "本義", "text": "魏源謂跂焉跨焉、增高繼長，何異飄風驟雨之不能常久。", "textTrad": "魏源謂跂焉跨焉、增高繼長，何異飄風驟雨之不能常久。", "relationSimp": "本义", "textSimp": "魏源谓跂焉跨焉、增高继长，何异飘风骤雨之不能常久。" }, { "noteId": "c038", "relation": "衍", "relationTrad": "衍", "text": "王夫之謂心彌急者機彌失，是彌堅者非彌甚。", "textTrad": "王夫之謂心彌急者機彌失，是彌堅者非彌甚。", "relationSimp": "衍", "textSimp": "王夫之谓心弥急者机弥失，是弥坚者非弥甚。" } ], "nameSimp": "企者不立，跨者不行", "questionSimp": "「企」与「跂」是否同字？企立、跨行为何不能久？此喻是戒躁竞，还是明自然之分？", "introSimp": "河上公以跂为进，谓贪权慕名、进取功荣则不可久立；以跨为自以为贵而跨越于人，众共弊之。王弼谓物尚进则失安。成玄英以跂为慕羡、跨为矜傲，谓躁竞之夫分外羡欲、修道之夫应须谦逊。唐玄宗以举踵而望、跨挟物为喻，谓翘跂则危、物为碍则必不可行。李荣谓徐行缓步其行久、企踵越分行不久，喻谦卑退让者可久长。陆希声谓跂于利者不可以立于常道，跨于欲者不可以行于常名。吕惠卿谓跂之为立非立之常、跨之为行非行之常，故虽立不立、虽行不行。苏辙谓以立为未足而加之以跂、以行为未足而加之以跨，未有不丧失其行立者。吴澄谓跂立超踵、跨开其足，暂时如此而不能久，终必不可以立、不可以行而遂废。憨山谓跂者举踵不能久立、跨者阔步不能长行，皆非自然。魏源谓跂焉跨焉、增高继长，何异飘风骤雨之不能常久。王夫之谓心弥急者机弥失、是弥坚者非弥甚。诸家皆以企跨为加益于自然之外，故不能久；其释「企」「跂」有同字、异文之别，并见校记。" }, { "id": "zi-xian-zhe-bu-ming", "name": "自見者不明", "nameTrad": "自見者不明", "question": "「自見」是自炫己見，還是自見其身？「不明」是昏愚，還是動輒見尤？", "questionTrad": "「自見」是自炫己見，還是自見其身？「不明」是昏愚，還是動輒見尤？", "intro": "河上公謂人自見其形容以為好、自見所行以為應道，殊不知其形容醜、操行之鄙。成玄英謂不能忘我、自見有身，此乃昏愚，非明智。唐玄宗御注謂露才揚己、動而見尤，故不明；御疏申謂自見之人欲以自明，殊不知動則見尤，己之事業終於昧然。李榮以此非君子之行，豈是忘懷之士。陸希聲謂自見而蔽人，則事不明。呂惠卿謂自見非其常，故於道為餘食贅行。蘇轍謂自見者亦如跂跨之喪失其行立。吳澄謂自見者之終不能明。憨山謂自見為自逞己見，此一曲之士，於道必暗而不明。魏源謂自見與自是、自伐、自矜四語與上章重出，一正言、一反言。王夫之謂心彌急者機彌失。諸家或就自炫、或就喪失、或就為道之贅立說，大旨歸於不自見乃明。", "introTrad": "河上公謂人自見其形容以為好、自見所行以為應道，殊不知其形容醜、操行之鄙。成玄英謂不能忘我、自見有身，此乃昏愚，非明智。唐玄宗御注謂露才揚己、動而見尤，故不明；御疏申謂自見之人欲以自明，殊不知動則見尤，己之事業終於昧然。李榮以此非君子之行，豈是忘懷之士。陸希聲謂自見而蔽人，則事不明。呂惠卿謂自見非其常，故於道為餘食贅行。蘇轍謂自見者亦如跂跨之喪失其行立。吳澄謂自見者之終不能明。憨山謂自見為自逞己見，此一曲之士，於道必暗而不明。魏源謂自見與自是、自伐、自矜四語與上章重出，一正言、一反言。王夫之謂心彌急者機彌失。諸家或就自炫、或就喪失、或就為道之贅立說，大旨歸於不自見乃明。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "自見形容以為好、自見所行以為應道，實則形容醜、操行鄙。", "thesisTrad": "自見形容以為好、自見所行以為應道，實則形容醜、操行鄙。", "noteIds": [ "c002" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "自见形容以为好、自见所行以为应道，实则形容丑、操行鄙。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "不能忘我、自見有身，此乃昏愚，非明智。", "thesisTrad": "不能忘我、自見有身，此乃昏愚，非明智。", "noteIds": [ "c010" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "不能忘我、自见有身，此乃昏愚，非明智。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "露才揚己、動而見尤，故不明。", "thesisTrad": "露才揚己、動而見尤，故不明。", "noteIds": [ "c017", "c018" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "露才扬己、动而见尤，故不明。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "自見等四者非君子之行，豈是忘懷之士。", "thesisTrad": "自見等四者非君子之行，豈是忘懷之士。", "noteIds": [ "c029" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "自见等四者非君子之行，岂是忘怀之士。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "自見而蔽人，則事不明。", "thesisTrad": "自見而蔽人，則事不明。", "noteIds": [ "c031" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "自见而蔽人，则事不明。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "自見非其常，故於道為餘食贅行。", "thesisTrad": "自見非其常，故於道為餘食贅行。", "noteIds": [ "c032" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "自见非其常，故于道为余食赘行。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "自見者亦如跂跨之喪失其行立。", "thesisTrad": "自見者亦如跂跨之喪失其行立。", "noteIds": [ "c033" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "自见者亦如跂跨之丧失其行立。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "自見者之終不能明。", "thesisTrad": "自見者之終不能明。", "noteIds": [ "c035" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "自见者之终不能明。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "自見為自逞己見，一曲之士於道必暗而不明。", "thesisTrad": "自見為自逞己見，一曲之士於道必暗而不明。", "noteIds": [ "c036" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "自见为自逞己见，一曲之士于道必暗而不明。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "自見與自是、自伐、自矜四語與上章重出，一正言、一反言。", "thesisTrad": "自見與自是、自伐、自矜四語與上章重出，一正言、一反言。", "noteIds": [ "c037" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "自见与自是、自伐、自矜四语与上章重出，一正言、一反言。" }, "wangfuzhi": { "workType": "衍", "workTypeTrad": "衍", "thesis": "心彌急者機彌失。", "thesisTrad": "心彌急者機彌失。", "noteIds": [ "c038" ], "workTypeSimp": "衍", "thesisSimp": "心弥急者机弥失。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c002", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公謂自見形容以為好、自見所行以為應道，實則形容醜、操行鄙。", "textTrad": "河上公謂自見形容以為好、自見所行以為應道，實則形容醜、操行鄙。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公谓自见形容以为好、自见所行以为应道，实则形容丑、操行鄙。" }, { "noteId": "c010", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英謂不能忘我、自見有身，此乃昏愚，非明智。", "textTrad": "成玄英謂不能忘我、自見有身，此乃昏愚，非明智。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英谓不能忘我、自见有身，此乃昏愚，非明智。" }, { "noteId": "c017", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "唐玄宗謂露才揚己、動而見尤，故不明。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗謂露才揚己、動而見尤，故不明。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "唐玄宗谓露才扬己、动而见尤，故不明。" }, { "noteId": "c018", "relation": "御疏", "relationTrad": "御疏", "text": "御疏申謂自見之人欲以自明，殊不知動則見尤，事業終於昧然。", "textTrad": "御疏申謂自見之人欲以自明，殊不知動則見尤，事業終於昧然。", "relationSimp": "御疏", "textSimp": "御疏申谓自见之人欲以自明，殊不知动则见尤，事业终于昧然。" }, { "noteId": "c029", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮謂自見等四者非君子之行。", "textTrad": "李榮謂自見等四者非君子之行。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣谓自见等四者非君子之行。" }, { "noteId": "c031", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "陸希聲謂自見而蔽人，則事不明。", "textTrad": "陸希聲謂自見而蔽人，則事不明。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "陆希声谓自见而蔽人，则事不明。" }, { "noteId": "c032", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "呂惠卿謂自見非其常，故於道為餘食贅行。", "textTrad": "呂惠卿謂自見非其常，故於道為餘食贅行。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "吕惠卿谓自见非其常，故于道为余食赘行。" }, { "noteId": "c033", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "蘇轍謂自見者亦如跂跨之喪失其行立。", "textTrad": "蘇轍謂自見者亦如跂跨之喪失其行立。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "苏辙谓自见者亦如跂跨之丧失其行立。" }, { "noteId": "c035", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄謂自見者之終不能明。", "textTrad": "吳澄謂自見者之終不能明。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄谓自见者之终不能明。" }, { "noteId": "c036", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "憨山謂自見為自逞己見，一曲之士於道必暗而不明。", "textTrad": "憨山謂自見為自逞己見，一曲之士於道必暗而不明。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "憨山谓自见为自逞己见，一曲之士于道必暗而不明。" }, { "noteId": "c037", "relation": "本義", "relationTrad": "本義", "text": "魏源謂四語與上章重出，一正言、一反言。", "textTrad": "魏源謂四語與上章重出，一正言、一反言。", "relationSimp": "本义", "textSimp": "魏源谓四语与上章重出，一正言、一反言。" }, { "noteId": "c038", "relation": "衍", "relationTrad": "衍", "text": "王夫之謂心彌急者機彌失。", "textTrad": "王夫之謂心彌急者機彌失。", "relationSimp": "衍", "textSimp": "王夫之谓心弥急者机弥失。" } ], "nameSimp": "自见者不明", "questionSimp": "「自见」是自炫己见，还是自见其身？「不明」是昏愚，还是动辄见尤？", "introSimp": "河上公谓人自见其形容以为好、自见所行以为应道，殊不知其形容丑、操行之鄙。成玄英谓不能忘我、自见有身，此乃昏愚，非明智。唐玄宗御注谓露才扬己、动而见尤，故不明；御疏申谓自见之人欲以自明，殊不知动则见尤，己之事业终于昧然。李荣以此非君子之行，岂是忘怀之士。陆希声谓自见而蔽人，则事不明。吕惠卿谓自见非其常，故于道为余食赘行。苏辙谓自见者亦如跂跨之丧失其行立。吴澄谓自见者之终不能明。憨山谓自见为自逞己见，此一曲之士，于道必暗而不明。魏源谓自见与自是、自伐、自矜四语与上章重出，一正言、一反言。王夫之谓心弥急者机弥失。诸家或就自炫、或就丧失、或就为道之赘立说，大旨归于不自见乃明。" }, { "id": "zi-shi-zhe-bu-zhang", "name": "自是者不彰", "nameTrad": "自是者不彰", "question": "「自是」為何反而不彰？是招怨，還是蔽於一己之是？", "questionTrad": "「自是」為何反而不彰？是招怨，還是蔽於一己之是？", "intro": "河上公謂自以為是而非於人，眾人共弊之，使不得彰明。成玄英謂心恒自是、口每非他，物共蔽之，故其德不顯。唐玄宗御注謂是己非人、直為怨府，故不彰；御疏申謂自以為是、求彰名迹，直為怨府，眾毀日聞，故難彰著。李榮以此非君子之行。陸希聲謂自是而非人，則理不彰。呂惠卿謂自是亦非其常，故於道為餘食贅行。蘇轍謂自是者亦如跂跨之喪失其行立。吳澄謂自是者之終不能彰。憨山謂自是為偏執己是，此一曲之士，於道必暗而不明。魏源謂四語與上章重出，一正言、一反言。王夫之謂是彌堅者非彌甚。諸家皆以自是為怨府、為蔽塞，故不彰。", "introTrad": "河上公謂自以為是而非於人，眾人共弊之，使不得彰明。成玄英謂心恒自是、口每非他，物共蔽之，故其德不顯。唐玄宗御注謂是己非人、直為怨府，故不彰；御疏申謂自以為是、求彰名迹，直為怨府，眾毀日聞，故難彰著。李榮以此非君子之行。陸希聲謂自是而非人，則理不彰。呂惠卿謂自是亦非其常，故於道為餘食贅行。蘇轍謂自是者亦如跂跨之喪失其行立。吳澄謂自是者之終不能彰。憨山謂自是為偏執己是，此一曲之士，於道必暗而不明。魏源謂四語與上章重出，一正言、一反言。王夫之謂是彌堅者非彌甚。諸家皆以自是為怨府、為蔽塞，故不彰。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "自以為是而非於人，眾人共弊之，使不得彰明。", "thesisTrad": "自以為是而非於人，眾人共弊之，使不得彰明。", "noteIds": [ "c003" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "自以为是而非于人，众人共弊之，使不得彰明。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "心恒自是、口每非他，物共蔽之，故其德不顯。", "thesisTrad": "心恒自是、口每非他，物共蔽之，故其德不顯。", "noteIds": [ "c011" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "心恒自是、口每非他，物共蔽之，故其德不显。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "是己非人、直為怨府，故不彰。", "thesisTrad": "是己非人、直為怨府，故不彰。", "noteIds": [ "c019", "c020" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "是己非人、直为怨府，故不彰。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "自是等四者非君子之行。", "thesisTrad": "自是等四者非君子之行。", "noteIds": [ "c029" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "自是等四者非君子之行。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "自是而非人，則理不彰。", "thesisTrad": "自是而非人，則理不彰。", "noteIds": [ "c031" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "自是而非人，则理不彰。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "自是亦非其常，故於道為餘食贅行。", "thesisTrad": "自是亦非其常，故於道為餘食贅行。", "noteIds": [ "c032" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "自是亦非其常，故于道为余食赘行。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "自是者亦如跂跨之喪失其行立。", "thesisTrad": "自是者亦如跂跨之喪失其行立。", "noteIds": [ "c033" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "自是者亦如跂跨之丧失其行立。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "自是者之終不能彰。", "thesisTrad": "自是者之終不能彰。", "noteIds": [ "c035" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "自是者之终不能彰。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "自是為偏執己是，一曲之士於道必暗而不明。", "thesisTrad": "自是為偏執己是，一曲之士於道必暗而不明。", "noteIds": [ "c036" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "自是为偏执己是，一曲之士于道必暗而不明。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "四語與上章重出，一正言、一反言。", "thesisTrad": "四語與上章重出，一正言、一反言。", "noteIds": [ "c037" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "四语与上章重出，一正言、一反言。" }, "wangfuzhi": { "workType": "衍", "workTypeTrad": "衍", "thesis": "是彌堅者非彌甚。", "thesisTrad": "是彌堅者非彌甚。", "noteIds": [ "c038" ], "workTypeSimp": "衍", "thesisSimp": "是弥坚者非弥甚。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c003", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公謂自以為是而非於人，眾人共弊之，使不得彰明。", "textTrad": "河上公謂自以為是而非於人，眾人共弊之，使不得彰明。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公谓自以为是而非于人，众人共弊之，使不得彰明。" }, { "noteId": "c011", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英謂心恒自是、口每非他，物共蔽之，故其德不顯。", "textTrad": "成玄英謂心恒自是、口每非他，物共蔽之，故其德不顯。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英谓心恒自是、口每非他，物共蔽之，故其德不显。" }, { "noteId": "c019", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "唐玄宗謂是己非人、直為怨府，故不彰。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗謂是己非人、直為怨府，故不彰。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "唐玄宗谓是己非人、直为怨府，故不彰。" }, { "noteId": "c020", "relation": "御疏", "relationTrad": "御疏", "text": "御疏申謂自以為是、求彰名迹，眾毀日聞，故難彰著。", "textTrad": "御疏申謂自以為是、求彰名迹，眾毀日聞，故難彰著。", "relationSimp": "御疏", "textSimp": "御疏申谓自以为是、求彰名迹，众毁日闻，故难彰着。" }, { "noteId": "c029", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮謂自是等四者非君子之行。", "textTrad": "李榮謂自是等四者非君子之行。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣谓自是等四者非君子之行。" }, { "noteId": "c031", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "陸希聲謂自是而非人，則理不彰。", "textTrad": "陸希聲謂自是而非人，則理不彰。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "陆希声谓自是而非人，则理不彰。" }, { "noteId": "c032", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "呂惠卿謂自是亦非其常，故於道為餘食贅行。", "textTrad": "呂惠卿謂自是亦非其常，故於道為餘食贅行。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "吕惠卿谓自是亦非其常，故于道为余食赘行。" }, { "noteId": "c033", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "蘇轍謂自是者亦如跂跨之喪失其行立。", "textTrad": "蘇轍謂自是者亦如跂跨之喪失其行立。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "苏辙谓自是者亦如跂跨之丧失其行立。" }, { "noteId": "c035", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄謂自是者之終不能彰。", "textTrad": "吳澄謂自是者之終不能彰。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄谓自是者之终不能彰。" }, { "noteId": "c036", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "憨山謂自是為偏執己是，一曲之士於道必暗而不明。", "textTrad": "憨山謂自是為偏執己是，一曲之士於道必暗而不明。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "憨山谓自是为偏执己是，一曲之士于道必暗而不明。" }, { "noteId": "c037", "relation": "本義", "relationTrad": "本義", "text": "魏源謂四語與上章重出，一正言、一反言。", "textTrad": "魏源謂四語與上章重出，一正言、一反言。", "relationSimp": "本义", "textSimp": "魏源谓四语与上章重出，一正言、一反言。" }, { "noteId": "c038", "relation": "衍", "relationTrad": "衍", "text": "王夫之謂是彌堅者非彌甚。", "textTrad": "王夫之謂是彌堅者非彌甚。", "relationSimp": "衍", "textSimp": "王夫之谓是弥坚者非弥甚。" } ], "nameSimp": "自是者不彰", "questionSimp": "「自是」为何反而不彰？是招怨，还是蔽于一己之是？", "introSimp": "河上公谓自以为是而非于人，众人共弊之，使不得彰明。成玄英谓心恒自是、口每非他，物共蔽之，故其德不显。唐玄宗御注谓是己非人、直为怨府，故不彰；御疏申谓自以为是、求彰名迹，直为怨府，众毁日闻，故难彰着。李荣以此非君子之行。陆希声谓自是而非人，则理不彰。吕惠卿谓自是亦非其常，故于道为余食赘行。苏辙谓自是者亦如跂跨之丧失其行立。吴澄谓自是者之终不能彰。憨山谓自是为偏执己是，此一曲之士，于道必暗而不明。魏源谓四语与上章重出，一正言、一反言。王夫之谓是弥坚者非弥甚。诸家皆以自是为怨府、为蔽塞，故不彰。" }, { "id": "zi-fa-zhe-wu-gong", "name": "自伐者無功", "nameTrad": "自伐者無功", "question": "「自伐」為何無功？是伐取招爭，還是功成而不居？", "questionTrad": "「自伐」為何無功？是伐取招爭，還是功成而不居？", "intro": "河上公謂輒自伐取其功美，自失有功於人。成玄英謂凡有所為輒自伐取，物皆不免，故無功績。唐玄宗御注謂專固伐取，物所以不與，故無功；御疏申謂謙者德之柄、讓者禮之文，自專固伐取以求功，不讓則爭，功斯濫矣。嚴遵謂萬人未動、天下未應而為之起兵，失君之道；萬民怨恨、天心不平，終身無功。李榮以此非君子之行。陸希聲謂自伐其才，則治無功。呂惠卿謂自伐非其常，故於道為餘食贅行。蘇轍謂自伐者亦如跂跨之喪失其行立。吳澄謂自伐者之終無其功。憨山謂自伐為自誇其功，好勝強梁，不但無功，而且速於取死。魏源謂跂跨矜伐皆加多於當分之外。王夫之謂執偏執餘以盡道數，宜其憎物傷己。諸家皆以伐取為爭功喪功之由。", "introTrad": "河上公謂輒自伐取其功美，自失有功於人。成玄英謂凡有所為輒自伐取，物皆不免，故無功績。唐玄宗御注謂專固伐取，物所以不與，故無功；御疏申謂謙者德之柄、讓者禮之文，自專固伐取以求功，不讓則爭，功斯濫矣。嚴遵謂萬人未動、天下未應而為之起兵，失君之道；萬民怨恨、天心不平，終身無功。李榮以此非君子之行。陸希聲謂自伐其才，則治無功。呂惠卿謂自伐非其常，故於道為餘食贅行。蘇轍謂自伐者亦如跂跨之喪失其行立。吳澄謂自伐者之終無其功。憨山謂自伐為自誇其功，好勝強梁，不但無功，而且速於取死。魏源謂跂跨矜伐皆加多於當分之外。王夫之謂執偏執餘以盡道數，宜其憎物傷己。諸家皆以伐取為爭功喪功之由。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "輒自伐取其功美，自失有功於人。", "thesisTrad": "輒自伐取其功美，自失有功於人。", "noteIds": [ "c004" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "辄自伐取其功美，自失有功于人。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "凡有所為輒自伐取，物皆不免，故無功績。", "thesisTrad": "凡有所為輒自伐取，物皆不免，故無功績。", "noteIds": [ "c012" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "凡有所为辄自伐取，物皆不免，故无功绩。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "專固伐取，物所以不與，故無功。", "thesisTrad": "專固伐取，物所以不與，故無功。", "noteIds": [ "c021", "c022" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "专固伐取，物所以不与，故无功。" }, "yanzun": { "workType": "指歸", "workTypeTrad": "指歸", "thesis": "起兵失君之道，萬民怨恨、天心不平，終身無功。", "thesisTrad": "起兵失君之道，萬民怨恨、天心不平，終身無功。", "noteIds": [ "c027" ], "workTypeSimp": "指归", "thesisSimp": "起兵失君之道，万民怨恨、天心不平，终身无功。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "自伐等四者非君子之行。", "thesisTrad": "自伐等四者非君子之行。", "noteIds": [ "c029" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "自伐等四者非君子之行。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "自伐其才，則治無功。", "thesisTrad": "自伐其才，則治無功。", "noteIds": [ "c031" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "自伐其才，则治无功。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "自伐非其常，故於道為餘食贅行。", "thesisTrad": "自伐非其常，故於道為餘食贅行。", "noteIds": [ "c032" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "自伐非其常，故于道为余食赘行。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "自伐者亦如跂跨之喪失其行立。", "thesisTrad": "自伐者亦如跂跨之喪失其行立。", "noteIds": [ "c033" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "自伐者亦如跂跨之丧失其行立。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "自伐者之終無其功。", "thesisTrad": "自伐者之終無其功。", "noteIds": [ "c035" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "自伐者之终无其功。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "自伐為自誇其功，好勝強梁，不但無功，且速於取死。", "thesisTrad": "自伐為自誇其功，好勝強梁，不但無功，且速於取死。", "noteIds": [ "c036" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "自伐为自夸其功，好胜强梁，不但无功，且速于取死。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "跂跨矜伐皆加多於當分之外。", "thesisTrad": "跂跨矜伐皆加多於當分之外。", "noteIds": [ "c037" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "跂跨矜伐皆加多于当分之外。" }, "wangfuzhi": { "workType": "衍", "workTypeTrad": "衍", "thesis": "執偏執餘以盡道數，宜其憎物傷己。", "thesisTrad": "執偏執餘以盡道數，宜其憎物傷己。", "noteIds": [ "c038" ], "workTypeSimp": "衍", "thesisSimp": "执偏执余以尽道数，宜其憎物伤己。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c004", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公謂輒自伐取其功美，自失有功於人。", "textTrad": "河上公謂輒自伐取其功美，自失有功於人。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公谓辄自伐取其功美，自失有功于人。" }, { "noteId": "c012", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英謂凡有所為輒自伐取，物皆不免，故無功績。", "textTrad": "成玄英謂凡有所為輒自伐取，物皆不免，故無功績。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英谓凡有所为辄自伐取，物皆不免，故无功绩。" }, { "noteId": "c021", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "唐玄宗謂專固伐取，物所以不與，故無功。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗謂專固伐取，物所以不與，故無功。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "唐玄宗谓专固伐取，物所以不与，故无功。" }, { "noteId": "c022", "relation": "御疏", "relationTrad": "御疏", "text": "御疏申謂謙讓為德禮之文，自專伐取則爭，功斯濫矣。", "textTrad": "御疏申謂謙讓為德禮之文，自專伐取則爭，功斯濫矣。", "relationSimp": "御疏", "textSimp": "御疏申谓谦让为德礼之文，自专伐取则争，功斯滥矣。" }, { "noteId": "c027", "relation": "指歸", "relationTrad": "指歸", "text": "嚴遵謂萬人未動而為之起兵，失君之道，終身無功。", "textTrad": "嚴遵謂萬人未動而為之起兵，失君之道，終身無功。", "relationSimp": "指归", "textSimp": "严遵谓万人未动而为之起兵，失君之道，终身无功。" }, { "noteId": "c029", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮謂自伐等四者非君子之行。", "textTrad": "李榮謂自伐等四者非君子之行。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣谓自伐等四者非君子之行。" }, { "noteId": "c031", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "陸希聲謂自伐其才，則治無功。", "textTrad": "陸希聲謂自伐其才，則治無功。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "陆希声谓自伐其才，则治无功。" }, { "noteId": "c032", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "呂惠卿謂自伐非其常，故於道為餘食贅行。", "textTrad": "呂惠卿謂自伐非其常，故於道為餘食贅行。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "吕惠卿谓自伐非其常，故于道为余食赘行。" }, { "noteId": "c033", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "蘇轍謂自伐者亦如跂跨之喪失其行立。", "textTrad": "蘇轍謂自伐者亦如跂跨之喪失其行立。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "苏辙谓自伐者亦如跂跨之丧失其行立。" }, { "noteId": "c035", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄謂自伐者之終無其功。", "textTrad": "吳澄謂自伐者之終無其功。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄谓自伐者之终无其功。" }, { "noteId": "c036", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "憨山謂自伐為自誇其功，好勝強梁，不但無功，且速於取死。", "textTrad": "憨山謂自伐為自誇其功，好勝強梁，不但無功，且速於取死。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "憨山谓自伐为自夸其功，好胜强梁，不但无功，且速于取死。" }, { "noteId": "c037", "relation": "本義", "relationTrad": "本義", "text": "魏源謂跂跨矜伐皆加多於當分之外。", "textTrad": "魏源謂跂跨矜伐皆加多於當分之外。", "relationSimp": "本义", "textSimp": "魏源谓跂跨矜伐皆加多于当分之外。" }, { "noteId": "c038", "relation": "衍", "relationTrad": "衍", "text": "王夫之謂執偏執餘以盡道數，宜其憎物傷己。", "textTrad": "王夫之謂執偏執餘以盡道數，宜其憎物傷己。", "relationSimp": "衍", "textSimp": "王夫之谓执偏执余以尽道数，宜其憎物伤己。" } ], "nameSimp": "自伐者无功", "questionSimp": "「自伐」为何无功？是伐取招争，还是功成而不居？", "introSimp": "河上公谓辄自伐取其功美，自失有功于人。成玄英谓凡有所为辄自伐取，物皆不免，故无功绩。唐玄宗御注谓专固伐取，物所以不与，故无功；御疏申谓谦者德之柄、让者礼之文，自专固伐取以求功，不让则争，功斯滥矣。严遵谓万人未动、天下未应而为之起兵，失君之道；万民怨恨、天心不平，终身无功。李荣以此非君子之行。陆希声谓自伐其才，则治无功。吕惠卿谓自伐非其常，故于道为余食赘行。苏辙谓自伐者亦如跂跨之丧失其行立。吴澄谓自伐者之终无其功。憨山谓自伐为自夸其功，好胜强梁，不但无功，而且速于取死。魏源谓跂跨矜伐皆加多于当分之外。王夫之谓执偏执余以尽道数，宜其憎物伤己。诸家皆以伐取为争功丧功之由。" }, { "id": "zi-jin-zhe-bu-chang", "name": "自矜者不長", "nameTrad": "自矜者不長", "question": "「自矜」為何不長？是矜衒招鄙，還是自高者德短？", "questionTrad": "「自矜」為何不長？是矜衒招鄙，還是自高者德短？", "intro": "河上公謂好自矜大者不可以長久。成玄英謂矜誇自高、驕慢陵物，此乃愚短，其德豈長。唐玄宗御注謂矜衒行能、人所鄙薄，故不長；御疏申謂矜衒名器、醜行則多，人所鄙薄，坐招嗤誚，故云自矜者不長。李榮以此非君子之行。陸希聲謂自矜其能，則道不長。呂惠卿謂自矜非其常，故於道為餘食贅行。蘇轍謂自矜者亦如跂跨之喪失其行立。吳澄謂自矜者之終無所長。憨山謂自矜為自恃其能，好勝強梁，不但無功，而且速於取死。魏源謂四語與上章重出，一正言、一反言。王夫之謂心彌急者機彌失。諸家皆以矜高為德短不長之由。", "introTrad": "河上公謂好自矜大者不可以長久。成玄英謂矜誇自高、驕慢陵物，此乃愚短，其德豈長。唐玄宗御注謂矜衒行能、人所鄙薄，故不長；御疏申謂矜衒名器、醜行則多，人所鄙薄，坐招嗤誚，故云自矜者不長。李榮以此非君子之行。陸希聲謂自矜其能，則道不長。呂惠卿謂自矜非其常，故於道為餘食贅行。蘇轍謂自矜者亦如跂跨之喪失其行立。吳澄謂自矜者之終無所長。憨山謂自矜為自恃其能，好勝強梁，不但無功，而且速於取死。魏源謂四語與上章重出，一正言、一反言。王夫之謂心彌急者機彌失。諸家皆以矜高為德短不長之由。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "好自矜大者不可以長久。", "thesisTrad": "好自矜大者不可以長久。", "noteIds": [ "c005" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "好自矜大者不可以长久。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "矜誇自高、驕慢陵物，此乃愚短，其德豈長。", "thesisTrad": "矜誇自高、驕慢陵物，此乃愚短，其德豈長。", "noteIds": [ "c013" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "矜夸自高、骄慢陵物，此乃愚短，其德岂长。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "矜衒行能、人所鄙薄，故不長。", "thesisTrad": "矜衒行能、人所鄙薄，故不長。", "noteIds": [ "c023", "c024" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "矜衒行能、人所鄙薄，故不长。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "自矜等四者非君子之行。", "thesisTrad": "自矜等四者非君子之行。", "noteIds": [ "c029" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "自矜等四者非君子之行。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "自矜其能，則道不長。", "thesisTrad": "自矜其能，則道不長。", "noteIds": [ "c031" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "自矜其能，则道不长。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "自矜非其常，故於道為餘食贅行。", "thesisTrad": "自矜非其常，故於道為餘食贅行。", "noteIds": [ "c032" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "自矜非其常，故于道为余食赘行。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "自矜者亦如跂跨之喪失其行立。", "thesisTrad": "自矜者亦如跂跨之喪失其行立。", "noteIds": [ "c033" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "自矜者亦如跂跨之丧失其行立。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "自矜者之終無所長。", "thesisTrad": "自矜者之終無所長。", "noteIds": [ "c035" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "自矜者之终无所长。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "自矜為自恃其能，好勝強梁，不但無功，且速於取死。", "thesisTrad": "自矜為自恃其能，好勝強梁，不但無功，且速於取死。", "noteIds": [ "c036" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "自矜为自恃其能，好胜强梁，不但无功，且速于取死。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "四語與上章重出，一正言、一反言。", "thesisTrad": "四語與上章重出，一正言、一反言。", "noteIds": [ "c037" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "四语与上章重出，一正言、一反言。" }, "wangfuzhi": { "workType": "衍", "workTypeTrad": "衍", "thesis": "心彌急者機彌失。", "thesisTrad": "心彌急者機彌失。", "noteIds": [ "c038" ], "workTypeSimp": "衍", "thesisSimp": "心弥急者机弥失。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c005", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公謂好自矜大者不可以長久。", "textTrad": "河上公謂好自矜大者不可以長久。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公谓好自矜大者不可以长久。" }, { "noteId": "c013", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英謂矜誇自高、驕慢陵物，此乃愚短，其德豈長。", "textTrad": "成玄英謂矜誇自高、驕慢陵物，此乃愚短，其德豈長。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英谓矜夸自高、骄慢陵物，此乃愚短，其德岂长。" }, { "noteId": "c023", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "唐玄宗謂矜衒行能、人所鄙薄，故不長。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗謂矜衒行能、人所鄙薄，故不長。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "唐玄宗谓矜衒行能、人所鄙薄，故不长。" }, { "noteId": "c024", "relation": "御疏", "relationTrad": "御疏", "text": "御疏申謂矜衒名器、醜行則多，坐招嗤誚，故不長。", "textTrad": "御疏申謂矜衒名器、醜行則多，坐招嗤誚，故不長。", "relationSimp": "御疏", "textSimp": "御疏申谓矜衒名器、丑行则多，坐招嗤诮，故不长。" }, { "noteId": "c029", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮謂自矜等四者非君子之行。", "textTrad": "李榮謂自矜等四者非君子之行。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣谓自矜等四者非君子之行。" }, { "noteId": "c031", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "陸希聲謂自矜其能，則道不長。", "textTrad": "陸希聲謂自矜其能，則道不長。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "陆希声谓自矜其能，则道不长。" }, { "noteId": "c032", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "呂惠卿謂自矜非其常，故於道為餘食贅行。", "textTrad": "呂惠卿謂自矜非其常，故於道為餘食贅行。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "吕惠卿谓自矜非其常，故于道为余食赘行。" }, { "noteId": "c033", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "蘇轍謂自矜者亦如跂跨之喪失其行立。", "textTrad": "蘇轍謂自矜者亦如跂跨之喪失其行立。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "苏辙谓自矜者亦如跂跨之丧失其行立。" }, { "noteId": "c035", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄謂自矜者之終無所長。", "textTrad": "吳澄謂自矜者之終無所長。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄谓自矜者之终无所长。" }, { "noteId": "c036", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "憨山謂自矜為自恃其能，好勝強梁，且速於取死。", "textTrad": "憨山謂自矜為自恃其能，好勝強梁，且速於取死。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "憨山谓自矜为自恃其能，好胜强梁，且速于取死。" }, { "noteId": "c037", "relation": "本義", "relationTrad": "本義", "text": "魏源謂四語與上章重出，一正言、一反言。", "textTrad": "魏源謂四語與上章重出，一正言、一反言。", "relationSimp": "本义", "textSimp": "魏源谓四语与上章重出，一正言、一反言。" }, { "noteId": "c038", "relation": "衍", "relationTrad": "衍", "text": "王夫之謂心彌急者機彌失。", "textTrad": "王夫之謂心彌急者機彌失。", "relationSimp": "衍", "textSimp": "王夫之谓心弥急者机弥失。" } ], "nameSimp": "自矜者不长", "questionSimp": "「自矜」为何不长？是矜衒招鄙，还是自高者德短？", "introSimp": "河上公谓好自矜大者不可以长久。成玄英谓矜夸自高、骄慢陵物，此乃愚短，其德岂长。唐玄宗御注谓矜衒行能、人所鄙薄，故不长；御疏申谓矜衒名器、丑行则多，人所鄙薄，坐招嗤诮，故云自矜者不长。李荣以此非君子之行。陆希声谓自矜其能，则道不长。吕惠卿谓自矜非其常，故于道为余食赘行。苏辙谓自矜者亦如跂跨之丧失其行立。吴澄谓自矜者之终无所长。憨山谓自矜为自恃其能，好胜强梁，不但无功，而且速于取死。魏源谓四语与上章重出，一正言、一反言。王夫之谓心弥急者机弥失。诸家皆以矜高为德短不长之由。" }, { "id": "yu-shi-zhui-xing-wu-huo-e-zhi", "name": "餘食贅行，物或惡之，故有道者不處", "nameTrad": "餘食贅行，物或惡之，故有道者不處", "question": "「餘食贅行」是殘食與疣贅，還是「行」讀如「形」？「物或惡之」是人物共惡，還是鬼神亦惡？", "questionTrad": "「餘食贅行」是殘食與疣贅，還是「行」讀如「形」？「物或惡之」是人物共惡，還是鬼神亦惡？", "intro": "河上公以贅為貪，謂自矜伐者在治國之道日日賦斂、餘祿為食，在位動欲傷害，故物無不畏惡，有道之人不居其國。王弼謂於道而論，若卻至之行、盛饌之餘，本雖美更可薉，本雖有功而自伐，故更為疣贅。成玄英以餘食為殘食、贅為附生之害，引《莊子》附贅懸疣，謂懷道之士豈處心於矜誇。唐玄宗以殘餘之食、疣贅之行釋之，引《春秋》「人將不食吾餘」、《莊子》「附贅懸疣」為證，謂有道之君子不處身於此事。李榮謂殘餘之食不可以薦饗、跨企之行不可以進道，達理者惡之故不處。陸希聲謂若棄餘之食不足致飽、負贅之行亦孔之醜，有道者焉可以處。呂惠卿謂俗人皆嗜之而吾復取焉是餘食，性本無是而特侈之是贅行；末辨道處眾人之所惡與不處之別，歸於不爭。蘇轍以飲食適飽、四體適完為喻，有餘則病、有贅則累。吳澄謂食之不盡曰餘、肉之附生曰贅，物兼人與鬼神而言，行讀如形，古字通。憨山謂其在道如食之餘、如形之贅，皆人所共惡，有道之士以謙虛自守，必不處此。魏源引吳澄、司馬光、呂惠卿，謂加多於當分之外，幽顯之間有物惡之。王夫之謂前機已往、後機未至，執偏執餘以盡道數，宜其憎物傷己。諸家釋「行」有行、形二讀，釋「物」有人、鬼神之兼，並見校記與字詞注。", "introTrad": "河上公以贅為貪，謂自矜伐者在治國之道日日賦斂、餘祿為食，在位動欲傷害，故物無不畏惡，有道之人不居其國。王弼謂於道而論，若卻至之行、盛饌之餘，本雖美更可薉，本雖有功而自伐，故更為疣贅。成玄英以餘食為殘食、贅為附生之害，引《莊子》附贅懸疣，謂懷道之士豈處心於矜誇。唐玄宗以殘餘之食、疣贅之行釋之，引《春秋》「人將不食吾餘」、《莊子》「附贅懸疣」為證，謂有道之君子不處身於此事。李榮謂殘餘之食不可以薦饗、跨企之行不可以進道，達理者惡之故不處。陸希聲謂若棄餘之食不足致飽、負贅之行亦孔之醜，有道者焉可以處。呂惠卿謂俗人皆嗜之而吾復取焉是餘食，性本無是而特侈之是贅行；末辨道處眾人之所惡與不處之別，歸於不爭。蘇轍以飲食適飽、四體適完為喻，有餘則病、有贅則累。吳澄謂食之不盡曰餘、肉之附生曰贅，物兼人與鬼神而言，行讀如形，古字通。憨山謂其在道如食之餘、如形之贅，皆人所共惡，有道之士以謙虛自守，必不處此。魏源引吳澄、司馬光、呂惠卿，謂加多於當分之外，幽顯之間有物惡之。王夫之謂前機已往、後機未至，執偏執餘以盡道數，宜其憎物傷己。諸家釋「行」有行、形二讀，釋「物」有人、鬼神之兼，並見校記與字詞注。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "贅，貪也；日日賦斂餘祿為食，物無不畏惡，有道者不居其國。", "thesisTrad": "贅，貪也；日日賦斂餘祿為食，物無不畏惡，有道者不居其國。", "noteIds": [ "c006" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "赘，贪也；日日赋敛余禄为食，物无不畏恶，有道者不居其国。" }, "wangbi": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "於道而論，若卻至之行、盛饌之餘，本雖有功而自伐，故更為疣贅。", "thesisTrad": "於道而論，若卻至之行、盛饌之餘，本雖有功而自伐，故更為疣贅。", "noteIds": [ "c008" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "于道而论，若却至之行、盛馔之余，本虽有功而自伐，故更为疣赘。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "餘食猶殘食，贅為附生之害，懷道之士豈處心於矜誇。", "thesisTrad": "餘食猶殘食，贅為附生之害，懷道之士豈處心於矜誇。", "noteIds": [ "c014" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "余食犹残食，赘为附生之害，怀道之士岂处心于矜夸。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "殘餘之食、疣贅之行，人所共惡，有道之君子不處身於此事。", "thesisTrad": "殘餘之食、疣贅之行，人所共惡，有道之君子不處身於此事。", "noteIds": [ "c025", "c026" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "残余之食、疣赘之行，人所共恶，有道之君子不处身于此事。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "殘餘之食不可薦饗，跨企之行不可進道，達理者故不處。", "thesisTrad": "殘餘之食不可薦饗，跨企之行不可進道，達理者故不處。", "noteIds": [ "c030" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "残余之食不可荐飨，跨企之行不可进道，达理者故不处。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "若棄餘之食不足致飽、負贅之行亦孔之醜，有道者焉可以處。", "thesisTrad": "若棄餘之食不足致飽、負贅之行亦孔之醜，有道者焉可以處。", "noteIds": [ "c031" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "若弃余之食不足致饱、负赘之行亦孔之丑，有道者焉可以处。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "俗人嗜之而吾復取是餘食，性本無是而特侈之是贅行；有道宜不處。", "thesisTrad": "俗人嗜之而吾復取是餘食，性本無是而特侈之是贅行；有道宜不處。", "noteIds": [ "c032" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "俗人嗜之而吾复取是余食，性本无是而特侈之是赘行；有道宜不处。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "飲食適飽則已、有餘則病；四體適完則已、有贅則累。", "thesisTrad": "飲食適飽則已、有餘則病；四體適完則已、有贅則累。", "noteIds": [ "c034" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "饮食适饱则已、有余则病；四体适完则已、有赘则累。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "食之不盡曰餘、肉之附生曰贅，幽顯之間有物惡之，有道者不處。", "thesisTrad": "食之不盡曰餘、肉之附生曰贅，幽顯之間有物惡之，有道者不處。", "noteIds": [ "c035" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "食之不尽曰余、肉之附生曰赘，幽显之间有物恶之，有道者不处。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "其在道如食之餘、如形之贅，皆人所共惡，有道之士必不處此。", "thesisTrad": "其在道如食之餘、如形之贅，皆人所共惡，有道之士必不處此。", "noteIds": [ "c036" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "其在道如食之余、如形之赘，皆人所共恶，有道之士必不处此。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "加多於當分之外，幽顯之間有物惡之，故有道者不處。", "thesisTrad": "加多於當分之外，幽顯之間有物惡之，故有道者不處。", "noteIds": [ "c037" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "加多于当分之外，幽显之间有物恶之，故有道者不处。" }, "wangfuzhi": { "workType": "衍", "workTypeTrad": "衍", "thesis": "執偏執餘以盡道數，宜其憎物傷己。", "thesisTrad": "執偏執餘以盡道數，宜其憎物傷己。", "noteIds": [ "c038" ], "workTypeSimp": "衍", "thesisSimp": "执偏执余以尽道数，宜其憎物伤己。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c006", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公以贅為貪，謂日日賦斂餘祿為食，物無不畏惡，有道者不居其國。", "textTrad": "河上公以贅為貪，謂日日賦斂餘祿為食，物無不畏惡，有道者不居其國。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公以赘为贪，谓日日赋敛余禄为食，物无不畏恶，有道者不居其国。" }, { "noteId": "c008", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "王弼謂若卻至之行、盛饌之餘，本雖有功而自伐，故更為疣贅。", "textTrad": "王弼謂若卻至之行、盛饌之餘，本雖有功而自伐，故更為疣贅。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "王弼谓若却至之行、盛馔之余，本虽有功而自伐，故更为疣赘。" }, { "noteId": "c014", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英謂餘食猶殘食、贅為附生之害，懷道之士豈處心於矜誇。", "textTrad": "成玄英謂餘食猶殘食、贅為附生之害，懷道之士豈處心於矜誇。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英谓余食犹残食、赘为附生之害，怀道之士岂处心于矜夸。" }, { "noteId": "c025", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "唐玄宗謂殘餘之食、疣贅之行，人所共惡，有道之君子不處。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗謂殘餘之食、疣贅之行，人所共惡，有道之君子不處。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "唐玄宗谓残余之食、疣赘之行，人所共恶，有道之君子不处。" }, { "noteId": "c026", "relation": "御疏", "relationTrad": "御疏", "text": "御疏引《春秋》《莊子》，謂自見自是等為德行之疣贅，故有道者不處。", "textTrad": "御疏引《春秋》《莊子》，謂自見自是等為德行之疣贅，故有道者不處。", "relationSimp": "御疏", "textSimp": "御疏引《春秋》《庄子》，谓自见自是等为德行之疣赘，故有道者不处。" }, { "noteId": "c030", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮謂殘餘之食不可薦饗、跨企之行不可進道，達理者故不處。", "textTrad": "李榮謂殘餘之食不可薦饗、跨企之行不可進道，達理者故不處。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣谓残余之食不可荐飨、跨企之行不可进道，达理者故不处。" }, { "noteId": "c031", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "陸希聲謂棄餘之食不足致飽、負贅之行亦孔之醜，有道者焉可以處。", "textTrad": "陸希聲謂棄餘之食不足致飽、負贅之行亦孔之醜，有道者焉可以處。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "陆希声谓弃余之食不足致饱、负赘之行亦孔之丑，有道者焉可以处。" }, { "noteId": "c032", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "呂惠卿謂俗人嗜之而吾復取是餘食，性本無是而特侈之是贅行。", "textTrad": "呂惠卿謂俗人嗜之而吾復取是餘食，性本無是而特侈之是贅行。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "吕惠卿谓俗人嗜之而吾复取是余食，性本无是而特侈之是赘行。" }, { "noteId": "c034", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "蘇轍謂飲食適飽則已、有餘則病；四體適完則已、有贅則累。", "textTrad": "蘇轍謂飲食適飽則已、有餘則病；四體適完則已、有贅則累。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "苏辙谓饮食适饱则已、有余则病；四体适完则已、有赘则累。" }, { "noteId": "c035", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄謂食之不盡曰餘、肉之附生曰贅，物兼人與鬼神，有道者不處。", "textTrad": "吳澄謂食之不盡曰餘、肉之附生曰贅，物兼人與鬼神，有道者不處。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄谓食之不尽曰余、肉之附生曰赘，物兼人与鬼神，有道者不处。" }, { "noteId": "c036", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "憨山謂其在道如食之餘、如形之贅，皆人所共惡，有道之士必不處此。", "textTrad": "憨山謂其在道如食之餘、如形之贅，皆人所共惡，有道之士必不處此。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "憨山谓其在道如食之余、如形之赘，皆人所共恶，有道之士必不处此。" }, { "noteId": "c037", "relation": "本義", "relationTrad": "本義", "text": "魏源謂加多於當分之外，幽顯之間有物惡之，故有道者不處。", "textTrad": "魏源謂加多於當分之外，幽顯之間有物惡之，故有道者不處。", "relationSimp": "本义", "textSimp": "魏源谓加多于当分之外，幽显之间有物恶之，故有道者不处。" }, { "noteId": "c038", "relation": "衍", "relationTrad": "衍", "text": "王夫之謂執偏執餘以盡道數，宜其憎物傷己。", "textTrad": "王夫之謂執偏執餘以盡道數，宜其憎物傷己。", "relationSimp": "衍", "textSimp": "王夫之谓执偏执余以尽道数，宜其憎物伤己。" } ], "nameSimp": "余食赘行，物或恶之，故有道者不处", "questionSimp": "「余食赘行」是残食与疣赘，还是「行」读如「形」？「物或恶之」是人物共恶，还是鬼神亦恶？", "introSimp": "河上公以赘为贪，谓自矜伐者在治国之道日日赋敛、余禄为食，在位动欲伤害，故物无不畏恶，有道之人不居其国。王弼谓于道而论，若却至之行、盛馔之余，本虽美更可薉，本虽有功而自伐，故更为疣赘。成玄英以余食为残食、赘为附生之害，引《庄子》附赘悬疣，谓怀道之士岂处心于矜夸。唐玄宗以残余之食、疣赘之行释之，引《春秋》「人将不食吾余」、《庄子》「附赘悬疣」为证，谓有道之君子不处身于此事。李荣谓残余之食不可以荐飨、跨企之行不可以进道，达理者恶之故不处。陆希声谓若弃余之食不足致饱、负赘之行亦孔之丑，有道者焉可以处。吕惠卿谓俗人皆嗜之而吾复取焉是余食，性本无是而特侈之是赘行；末辨道处众人之所恶与不处之别，归于不争。苏辙以饮食适饱、四体适完为喻，有余则病、有赘则累。吴澄谓食之不尽曰余、肉之附生曰赘，物兼人与鬼神而言，行读如形，古字通。憨山谓其在道如食之余、如形之赘，皆人所共恶，有道之士以谦虚自守，必不处此。魏源引吴澄、司马光、吕惠卿，谓加多于当分之外，幽显之间有物恶之。王夫之谓前机已往、后机未至，执偏执余以尽道数，宜其憎物伤己。诸家释「行」有行、形二读，释「物」有人、鬼神之兼，并见校记与字词注。" } ], "requiredSources": [ "heshanggong", "tangxuanzong" ] }, "schema": "librebook.chapter/1", "generatedAt": "2026-10-30T11:41:46.887Z", "keyPrefix": "laozi-24", "idRules": { "chapter": "章节目录名（slug），如 01；URL 为 /laozi/01/。", "sentence": "章内局部编号 sNNN，全篇引用使用 laozi-01:sNNN；页面锚点继续使用 #sNNN。", "commentary": "章内注号 cNNN，字词注 nNNN，校记 kNNN；编号在章内稳定，跨章引用时加章节前缀。", "paragraph": "章内段落号 pNNN，与 sentence.paragraph 对应。" }, "book": { "id": "laozi", "slug": "laozi", "title": "老子", "titleSimp": "老子", "author": "老聃", "authorSimp": "老聃", "era": "春秋", "eraSimp": "春秋", "editor": "河上公、王弼等", "editorSimp": "河上公、王弼等", "edition": "王弼《老子注》", "editionSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "baseLabel": "王弼《老子注》", "baseLabelSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "separationLabel": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英義疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、嚴遵指歸、李榮注、陸希聲傳、呂惠卿傳、蘇轍老子解、吳澄道德真經注、憨山道德經解、魏源老子本義、俞樾平議、王夫之老子衍十四家", "separationLabelSimp": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英义疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、严遵指归、李荣注、陆希声传、吕惠卿传、苏辙老子解、吴澄道德真经注、憨山道德经解、魏源老子本义、俞樾平议、王夫之老子衍十四家", "intro": "《老子》八十一章，分道經、德經。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》為底本，逐章整理正文、舊注、今譯與校記；第一至八十一章已上線，全帙完竣。", "introSimp": "《老子》八十一章，分道经、德经。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》为底本，逐章整理正文、旧注、今译与校记；第一至八十一章已上线，全帙完竣。" }, "volume": { "id": "daojing", "order": 1, "title": "道經", "titleSimp": "道经" }, "chapter": { "id": "laozi-24", "slug": "24", "order": 24, "title": "第二十四章", "titleSimp": "第二十四章", "status": "published", "revision": "初校", "review": "待复核", "updated": "2026-10-29", "summary": "以「企者不立，跨者不行」二喻發端，次言「自見者不明，自是者不彰，自伐者無功，自矜者不長」四「自」，轉出「其在道也，曰餘食贅行」，末以「物或惡之，故有道者不處」收束；附河上公、王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、嚴遵、李榮、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之十三家注疏，嚴遵存輯文一條、俞樾未列；河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮隨句分疏，王弼、嚴遵存輯逸分注，蘇轍逐段作注，陸希聲、呂惠卿、吳澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之各以整章一段通釋；河上公題「苦恩」、唐玄宗題「跂者不立章」，吳澄、魏源以此章合上章為其第二十章，異文並見校記。", "summarySimp": "以「企者不立，跨者不行」二喻发端，次言「自见者不明，自是者不彰，自伐者无功，自矜者不长」四「自」，转出「其在道也，曰余食赘行」，末以「物或恶之，故有道者不处」收束；附河上公、王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、严遵、李荣、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之十三家注疏，严遵存辑文一条、俞樾未列；河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李荣随句分疏，王弼、严遵存辑逸分注，苏辙逐段作注，陆希声、吕惠卿、吴澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之各以整章一段通释；河上公题「苦恩」、唐玄宗题「跂者不立章」，吴澄、魏源以此章合上章为其第二十章，异文并见校记。", "dataFile": "data/chapters/laozi-24.json", "relationsFile": "data/commentary-relations-laozi-24.json", "url": "/laozi/24/", "orderLabel": "第二十四", "volumeId": "daojing", "part": "道經", "partSimp": "道经" }, "paragraphs": [ { "id": "p001", "no": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001", "s002", "s003", "s004" ], "count": 4 } ], "coverage": { "sentences": 4, "paragraphs": 1, "notes": { "covered": 4, "total": 4, "percent": 100 }, "charNotes": { "covered": 4, "total": 4, "percent": 100 }, "collations": { "covered": 3, "total": 4, "percent": 75, "count": 10 }, "translations": { "covered": 4, "total": 4, "percent": 100 } } }