{ "meta": { "book": { "id": "laozi", "title": "老子", "titleSimp": "老子", "author": "老聃", "authorSimp": "老聃", "era": "春秋", "eraSimp": "春秋", "editor": "河上公、王弼等", "editorSimp": "河上公、王弼等", "edition": "王弼《老子注》", "editionSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "slug": "laozi", "baseLabel": "王弼《老子注》", "baseLabelSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "separationLabel": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英義疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、嚴遵指歸、李榮注、陸希聲傳、呂惠卿傳、蘇轍老子解、吳澄道德真經注、憨山道德經解、魏源老子本義、俞樾平議、王夫之老子衍十四家", "separationLabelSimp": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英义疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、严遵指归、李荣注、陆希声传、吕惠卿传、苏辙老子解、吴澄道德真经注、憨山道德经解、魏源老子本义、俞樾平议、王夫之老子衍十四家", "intro": "《老子》八十一章，分道經、德經。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》為底本，逐章整理正文、舊注、今譯與校記；第一至八十一章已上線，全帙完竣。", "introSimp": "《老子》八十一章，分道经、德经。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》为底本，逐章整理正文、旧注、今译与校记；第一至八十一章已上线，全帙完竣。" }, "chapter": { "id": "laozi-25", "no": 25, "part": "道經", "partSimp": "道经", "title": "第二十五章", "titleSimp": "第二十五章", "intro": "《老子》第二十五章，河上公題「象元」，唐玄宗題「有物混成章」。全章七句：首句言道混然而成、先於天地；次句狀其寂寥獨立、周行不殆而為天下母；第三句明道本無名，字之曰道、強名曰大；第四句申大、逝、遠、反的循環；第五句舉道、天、地、王四大；第六句言王居四大之一；末句歸於人法地、地法天、天法道、道法自然。河上公以道無形混沌而成萬物、在天地之前，寂者無音聲、寥者空無形，獨立無匹雙、不改化有常；釋大字為高而無上、羅而無外；釋逝遠反為逝去無常處、遠窮無窮、返在人身；以道大無所不容、王大無不制，八極之內有四大而王居其一；末以人當法地安靜和柔、天澹泊不動、道清靜不言、道性自然無所法。王弼以混然不可得而知、萬物由之以成釋混成，以無物之匹、返化終始不失其常釋獨立不改，以周行無所不至而免殆釋周行；以名以定形、字以稱可分辨名與字，以逝為行、遠為極、反為不隨所適而其體獨立；末以法謂法則，人不違地乃得全安，道不違自然乃得其性，並謂自然為無稱之言、窮極之辭。成玄英以重玄雙遣為宗，謂道非有而有、非物而物，混而不混、成而不成；寂寥獨立不改乃獨獨非待獨；字道名大乃先字後名、欲表道與俗反；釋逝遠反為運致眾生、超陵三界、返還界內慈救蒼生；末以道是迹、自然是本，以本收迹故言法。唐玄宗御注御疏以妙本湛然、應用無心釋獨立周行，以通生表德、包含目體釋道與大，以逝遠反為求之愈遠、返在身心；末辨惑者以道法效自然則域中有五大之非，謂虛無者妙本之體、自然者妙本之性、道者妙本之功用，約體用名即一妙本。嚴遵《指歸》道經原卷缺佚，此章《玄德纂疏》僅輯存「域中有四大而王居其一焉」下「功德同也」一條。李榮以唯怳唯惚、不可以有無議釋混成，以喪偶無對、湛然常存釋獨立不改，以有形者立稱、無象者絕名釋字道名大，以體之近在於身釋返；末謂靜與陰同德法地、動與陽同波法天、清虛無為法道、任物獨化法自然，此是法於天地，非天地以相法。陸希聲以《易》太極、《中庸》不貳為說，謂混成之物生於天地之先，寂兮無兆、寥兮無狀，其體不可以名得、其用不可謂無名，名去實不遠，在知其反；末以王者參天地而贊化育、道非六合之外為說。呂惠卿以炁形質渾淪未相離釋有物混成，以用之彌滿六虛、廢之莫知其所釋大，以周行無不在、遠而不禦、復歸其根釋逝遠反；末謂道自本自根、以無法為法，無法也者自然而已。蘇轍以道非清濁高下、混然而成體、其於人為性釋混成，以獨立無匹而未嘗變、行於群有而未嘗殆釋獨立周行；末謂人不若地、地不若天、天不若道、道不若自然，使人一日復性則三者人皆足以盡之。吳澄以混為渾、混成為不分判而完全，以寂為闃靜、寥為虛廓，以字為名之副，以逝為流行不息、遠為悠久無疆、反為無有無名；末以人與地一、地與天一、天與道一、道以自然為說，謂自然者無有無名是也。憨山承前章世俗之士各以己見己是為得，特示大道之妙非見聞可及，逐層釋混成、寂寥、獨立、周行、天下母、字道、強名、逝遠反，末謂道固為大而猶有稱謂名字，離名絕字方為至妙。魏源以此章為其第二十一章，謂有物即前章「道之為物」，混渾同，字者代名之謂、道者取於無物不由；末四語以人法為主，人性之大與天地參，法道者亦法其自然，自然者性之謂，非謂人與天地輾轉相法而並王為域中五大。王夫之以形象有間、道無間為說，謂道不擇有無、與之俱往，往而不息故為逝為遠，住而不悖其來則逝遠之即反；末謂近取之身為艮背而不為機目，遠取之天地為大制而不為剸割，故可以為天下王。本站以王弼《老子注》為底本，分列河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英義疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、嚴遵指歸、李榮注、陸希聲傳、呂惠卿傳、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》與王夫之《老子衍》，並附編者今譯，凡十三家舊注。嚴遵此章僅存輯文一條。分章則吳澄、魏源以此章為其第二十一章。異文則王弼道藏本「獨立不改」無「而」字，李榮本「周行不殆」無「而」字，傅奕本「王亦大」作「人亦大」，魏源從傅奕作「天大地大，道大王亦大」，憨山、魏源作「而王處其一焉」，並見校記。", "introSimp": "《老子》第二十五章，河上公题「象元」，唐玄宗题「有物混成章」。全章七句：首句言道混然而成、先于天地；次句状其寂寥独立、周行不殆而为天下母；第三句明道本无名，字之曰道、强名曰大；第四句申大、逝、远、反的循环；第五句举道、天、地、王四大；第六句言王居四大之一；末句归于人法地、地法天、天法道、道法自然。河上公以道无形混沌而成万物、在天地之前，寂者无音声、寥者空无形，独立无匹双、不改化有常；释大字为高而无上、罗而无外；释逝远反为逝去无常处、远穷无穷、返在人身；以道大无所不容、王大无不制，八极之内有四大而王居其一；末以人当法地安静和柔、天澹泊不动、道清静不言、道性自然无所法。王弼以混然不可得而知、万物由之以成释混成，以无物之匹、返化终始不失其常释独立不改，以周行无所不至而免殆释周行；以名以定形、字以称可分辨名与字，以逝为行、远为极、反为不随所适而其体独立；末以法谓法则，人不违地乃得全安，道不违自然乃得其性，并谓自然为无称之言、穷极之辞。成玄英以重玄双遣为宗，谓道非有而有、非物而物，混而不混、成而不成；寂寥独立不改乃独独非待独；字道名大乃先字后名、欲表道与俗反；释逝远反为运致众生、超陵三界、返还界内慈救苍生；末以道是迹、自然是本，以本收迹故言法。唐玄宗御注御疏以妙本湛然、应用无心释独立周行，以通生表德、包含目体释道与大，以逝远反为求之愈远、返在身心；末辨惑者以道法效自然则域中有五大之非，谓虚无者妙本之体、自然者妙本之性、道者妙本之功用，约体用名即一妙本。严遵《指归》道经原卷缺佚，此章《玄德纂疏》仅辑存「域中有四大而王居其一焉」下「功德同也」一条。李荣以唯怳唯惚、不可以有无议释混成，以丧偶无对、湛然常存释独立不改，以有形者立称、无象者绝名释字道名大，以体之近在于身释返；末谓静与阴同德法地、动与阳同波法天、清虚无为法道、任物独化法自然，此是法于天地，非天地以相法。陆希声以《易》太极、《中庸》不贰为说，谓混成之物生于天地之先，寂兮无兆、寥兮无状，其体不可以名得、其用不可谓无名，名去实不远，在知其反；末以王者参天地而赞化育、道非六合之外为说。吕惠卿以炁形质浑沦未相离释有物混成，以用之弥满六虚、废之莫知其所释大，以周行无不在、远而不御、复归其根释逝远反；末谓道自本自根、以无法为法，无法也者自然而已。苏辙以道非清浊高下、混然而成体、其于人为性释混成，以独立无匹而未尝变、行于群有而未尝殆释独立周行；末谓人不若地、地不若天、天不若道、道不若自然，使人一日复性则三者人皆足以尽之。吴澄以混为浑、混成为不分判而完全，以寂为阒静、寥为虚廓，以字为名之副，以逝为流行不息、远为悠久无疆、反为无有无名；末以人与地一、地与天一、天与道一、道以自然为说，谓自然者无有无名是也。憨山承前章世俗之士各以己见己是为得，特示大道之妙非见闻可及，逐层释混成、寂寥、独立、周行、天下母、字道、强名、逝远反，末谓道固为大而犹有称谓名字，离名绝字方为至妙。魏源以此章为其第二十一章，谓有物即前章「道之为物」，混浑同，字者代名之谓、道者取于无物不由；末四语以人法为主，人性之大与天地参，法道者亦法其自然，自然者性之谓，非谓人与天地辗转相法而并王为域中五大。王夫之以形象有间、道无间为说，谓道不择有无、与之俱往，往而不息故为逝为远，住而不悖其来则逝远之即反；末谓近取之身为艮背而不为机目，远取之天地为大制而不为剸割，故可以为天下王。本站以王弼《老子注》为底本，分列河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英义疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、严遵指归、李荣注、陆希声传、吕惠卿传、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》与王夫之《老子衍》，并附编者今译，凡十三家旧注。严遵此章仅存辑文一条。分章则吴澄、魏源以此章为其第二十一章。异文则王弼道藏本「独立不改」无「而」字，李荣本「周行不殆」无「而」字，傅奕本「王亦大」作「人亦大」，魏源从傅奕作「天大地大，道大王亦大」，憨山、魏源作「而王处其一焉」，并见校记。", "guide": "點擊任一句可展開句注；點擊字詞可看本句訓釋；按「諸家並觀」可將同一句的舊注並列對讀，本章十三家舊注。河上公、王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮逐句分疏，蘇轍、吳澄分段作注，嚴遵僅存輯文一條；陸希聲、呂惠卿、憨山、魏源、王夫之各以整章一段通釋。", "guideSimp": "点击任一句可展开句注；点击字词可看本句训释；按「诸家并观」可将同一句的旧注并列对读，本章十三家旧注。河上公、王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、李荣逐句分疏，苏辙、吴澄分段作注，严遵仅存辑文一条；陆希声、吕惠卿、憨山、魏源、王夫之各以整章一段通释。", "slug": "25", "order": 25, "status": "published", "revision": "初校", "review": "待复核", "updated": "2026-10-29", "summary": "以「有物混成，先天地生」發端，次狀「寂兮寥兮，獨立而不改，周行而不殆，可以為天下母」，轉出「吾不知其名，字之曰道，強為之名曰大」與「大曰逝，逝曰遠，遠曰反」，末舉「道大，天大，地大，王亦大」「域中有四大，而王居其一焉」，歸於「人法地，地法天，天法道，道法自然」；附河上公、王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、嚴遵、李榮、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之十三家注疏，嚴遵僅存輯文一條；河上公、王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮逐句分疏，蘇轍、吳澄分段作注，陸希聲、呂惠卿、憨山、魏源、王夫之各以整章一段通釋；河上公題「象元」、唐玄宗題「有物混成章」，吳澄、魏源以此章為其第二十一章，異文並見校記。", "summarySimp": "以「有物混成，先天地生」发端，次状「寂兮寥兮，独立而不改，周行而不殆，可以为天下母」，转出「吾不知其名，字之曰道，强为之名曰大」与「大曰逝，逝曰远，远曰反」，末举「道大，天大，地大，王亦大」「域中有四大，而王居其一焉」，归于「人法地，地法天，天法道，道法自然」；附河上公、王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、严遵、李荣、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之十三家注疏，严遵仅存辑文一条；河上公、王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、李荣逐句分疏，苏辙、吴澄分段作注，陆希声、吕惠卿、憨山、魏源、王夫之各以整章一段通释；河上公题「象元」、唐玄宗题「有物混成章」，吴澄、魏源以此章为其第二十一章，异文并见校记。", "dataFile": "data/chapters/laozi-25.json", "relationsFile": "data/commentary-relations-laozi-25.json", "url": "/laozi/25/", "volumeId": "daojing", "volumeTitle": "道經", "volumeTitleSimp": "道经", "orderLabel": "第二十五" }, "edition": { "base": "王弼《老子注》", "baseEdition": "王弼《老子注》通行本", "separation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、嚴遵《道德真經指歸》輯文、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》、王夫之《老子衍》諸本對校；河上公、嚴遵、成玄英、唐玄宗此章據《玄德纂疏》所引", "punctuation": "數字轉錄所附現代標點，本站僅作閱讀輔助，尚未逐字復核原刻", "digital": "中華典藏網、識典古籍、大道家園公開轉錄、Kanripo 漢籍全文資料庫（僅作文字底本）", "caution": "王弼底本作「有物混成，先天地生。寂兮寥兮，獨立而不改，周行而不殆，可以為天下母。吾不知其名，字之曰道，強為之名曰大。大曰逝，逝曰遠，遠曰反。故道大，天大，地大，王亦大。域中有四大，而王居其一焉。人法地，地法天，天法道，道法自然」；河上公題「象元第二十五」，唐玄宗題「有物混成章第二十五」，王弼本無章題。王弼道藏本「獨立不改」無「而」字，李榮道藏本「周行不殆」無「而」字；傅奕本「王亦大」作「人亦大」，魏源從傅奕作「天大地大，道大王亦大」；憨山本、魏源本作「而王處其一焉」，魏源云「河上王弼處字作居」；呂惠卿、蘇轍本作「而王居一焉」，陸希聲本有「故域中有四大」；李榮本「強為之名曰大」上有「吾」字，一本作「強名之」；河上公、傅奕本「遠曰反」作「遠曰返」，李榮道藏本亦作「返」；王弼注「寂寥」作「寂寞」、「不殆」作「免殆」；魏源本「字之曰道」上有「故強」二字。吳澄、魏源以此章為其第二十一章。正文從王弼本，異文見校記。", "baseSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "baseEditionSimp": "王弼《老子注》通行本", "separationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、严遵《道德真经指归》辑文、李荣《道德真经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》、王夫之《老子衍》诸本对校；河上公、严遵、成玄英、唐玄宗此章据《玄德纂疏》所引", "punctuationSimp": "数字转录所附现代标点，本站仅作阅读辅助，尚未逐字复核原刻", "digitalSimp": "中华典藏网、识典古籍、大道家园公开转录、Kanripo 汉籍全文资料库（仅作文字底本）", "cautionSimp": "王弼底本作「有物混成，先天地生。寂兮寥兮，独立而不改，周行而不殆，可以为天下母。吾不知其名，字之曰道，强为之名曰大。大曰逝，逝曰远，远曰反。故道大，天大，地大，王亦大。域中有四大，而王居其一焉。人法地，地法天，天法道，道法自然」；河上公题「象元第二十五」，唐玄宗题「有物混成章第二十五」，王弼本无章题。王弼道藏本「独立不改」无「而」字，李荣道藏本「周行不殆」无「而」字；傅奕本「王亦大」作「人亦大」，魏源从傅奕作「天大地大，道大王亦大」；憨山本、魏源本作「而王处其一焉」，魏源云「河上王弼处字作居」；吕惠卿、苏辙本作「而王居一焉」，陆希声本有「故域中有四大」；李荣本「强为之名曰大」上有「吾」字，一本作「强名之」；河上公、傅奕本「远曰反」作「远曰返」，李荣道藏本亦作「返」；王弼注「寂寥」作「寂寞」、「不殆」作「免殆」；魏源本「字之曰道」上有「故强」二字。吴澄、魏源以此章为其第二十一章。正文从王弼本，异文见校记。" }, "license": { "historical": "公有領域", "translation": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "code": "MIT" }, "stats": { "sentences": 7, "commentaries": 64, "charNotes": 14, "collations": 12 } }, "sources": [ { "id": "heshanggong", "name": "河上公章句", "short": "河上公", "author": "河上公", "work": "老子道德經章句", "era": "漢", "years": "傳漢文帝時", "color": "#a3542c", "desc": "分章句解，兼重治身與治國；此章題「象元」，以道無形混沌而成萬物、在天地之前釋混成，以寂者無音聲、寥者空無形、獨立無匹雙、不改化有常釋寂寥獨立；釋大為高而無上、羅而無外，釋逝遠反為逝去無常處、遠窮無窮、返在人身；末以人當法地安靜和柔、天澹泊不動、道清靜不言、道性自然無所法。此章據《玄德纂疏》所引。", "count": 7, "nameSimp": "河上公章句", "workSimp": "老子道德经章句", "authorSimp": "河上公", "eraSimp": "汉", "yearsSimp": "传汉文帝时", "descSimp": "分章句解，兼重治身与治国；此章题「象元」，以道无形混沌而成万物、在天地之前释混成，以寂者无音声、寥者空无形、独立无匹双、不改化有常释寂寥独立；释大为高而无上、罗而无外，释逝远反为逝去无常处、远穷无穷、返在人身；末以人当法地安静和柔、天澹泊不动、道清静不言、道性自然无所法。此章据《玄德纂疏》所引。", "shortSimp": "河上公" }, { "id": "wangbi", "name": "王弼注", "short": "王注", "author": "王弼", "work": "老子道德經注", "era": "曹魏", "years": "226–249", "color": "#8c5a2b", "desc": "以崇本息末為宗；此章注全存，以混然不可得而知、萬物由之以成釋混成，以無物之匹、返化終始不失其常釋獨立不改，以名以定形、字以稱可辨名與字，以逝為行、遠為極、反為不隨所適而其體獨立。", "count": 12, "nameSimp": "王弼注", "workSimp": "老子道德经注", "authorSimp": "王弼", "eraSimp": "曹魏", "yearsSimp": "226–249", "descSimp": "以崇本息末为宗；此章注全存，以混然不可得而知、万物由之以成释混成，以无物之匹、返化终始不失其常释独立不改，以名以定形、字以称可辨名与字，以逝为行、远为极、反为不随所适而其体独立。", "shortSimp": "王注" }, { "id": "chengxuanying", "name": "成玄英疏", "short": "成疏", "author": "成玄英", "work": "老子道德經義疏", "era": "唐", "years": "約 608–669", "color": "#6b7a4a", "desc": "以重玄雙遣為宗；此章謂道非有而有、非物而物，混而不混、成而不成；寂寥獨立不改乃獨獨非待獨；字道名大乃先字後名、欲表道與俗反；釋逝遠反為運致眾生、超陵三界、返還界內慈救蒼生；末以道是迹、自然是本。此章據《玄德纂疏》所引。", "count": 7, "nameSimp": "成玄英疏", "workSimp": "老子道德经义疏", "authorSimp": "成玄英", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "约 608–669", "descSimp": "以重玄双遣为宗；此章谓道非有而有、非物而物，混而不混、成而不成；寂寥独立不改乃独独非待独；字道名大乃先字后名、欲表道与俗反；释逝远反为运致众生、超陵三界、返还界内慈救苍生；末以道是迹、自然是本。此章据《玄德纂疏》所引。", "shortSimp": "成疏" }, { "id": "tangxuanzong", "name": "唐玄宗御注御疏", "short": "御注", "author": "李隆基", "work": "道德真經注疏", "era": "唐", "years": "685–762", "color": "#9b3d3d", "desc": "帝王御注，兼採諸家；御注以妙本湛然、應用無心釋獨立周行，以通生表德、包含目體釋道與大；御疏辨惑者以道法效自然則域中有五大之非，謂虛無者妙本之體、自然者妙本之性、道者妙本之功用，約體用名即一妙本。此章據《玄德纂疏》所引。", "count": 14, "nameSimp": "唐玄宗御注御疏", "workSimp": "道德真经注疏", "authorSimp": "李隆基", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "685–762", "descSimp": "帝王御注，兼采诸家；御注以妙本湛然、应用无心释独立周行，以通生表德、包含目体释道与大；御疏辨惑者以道法效自然则域中有五大之非，谓虚无者妙本之体、自然者妙本之性、道者妙本之功用，约体用名即一妙本。此章据《玄德纂疏》所引。", "shortSimp": "御注" }, { "id": "yanzun", "name": "嚴遵指歸", "short": "嚴指歸", "author": "嚴遵", "work": "道德真經指歸", "era": "漢", "years": "約前 83–10", "color": "#7a5c3e", "desc": "道經原卷缺卷一至六，此章《玄德纂疏》僅輯存「域中有四大而王居其一焉」下「功德同也」一條。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "严遵指归", "workSimp": "道德真经指归", "authorSimp": "严遵", "eraSimp": "汉", "yearsSimp": "约前 83–10", "descSimp": "道经原卷缺卷一至六，此章《玄德纂疏》仅辑存「域中有四大而王居其一焉」下「功德同也」一条。", "shortSimp": "严指归" }, { "id": "lirong", "name": "李榮注", "short": "李注", "author": "李榮", "work": "道德真經注", "era": "唐", "years": "生卒不詳", "color": "#4f6b7a", "desc": "唐初道士，以重玄遣執解《老》；此章以唯怳唯惚、不可以有無議釋混成，以喪偶無對、湛然常存釋獨立不改，以有形者立稱、無象者絕名釋字道名大，以體之近在於身釋返；末謂法天地而非天地以相法。", "count": 7, "nameSimp": "李荣注", "workSimp": "道德真经注", "authorSimp": "李荣", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "生卒不详", "descSimp": "唐初道士，以重玄遣执解《老》；此章以唯怳唯惚、不可以有无议释混成，以丧偶无对、湛然常存释独立不改，以有形者立称、无象者绝名释字道名大，以体之近在于身释返；末谓法天地而非天地以相法。", "shortSimp": "李注" }, { "id": "luxisheng", "name": "陸希聲傳", "short": "陸傳", "author": "陸希聲", "work": "道德經傳", "era": "唐", "years": "？–895", "color": "#6a5a7a", "desc": "以情性說道器；此章整章一傳，引《易》太極、《中庸》不貳，謂混成之物生於天地之先，寂兮無兆、寥兮無狀；其體不可以名得、其用不可謂無名；名去實不遠，在知其反；末以王者參天地而贊化育、道非六合之外為說。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "陆希声传", "workSimp": "道德经传", "authorSimp": "陆希声", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "？–895", "descSimp": "以情性说道器；此章整章一传，引《易》太极、《中庸》不贰，谓混成之物生于天地之先，寂兮无兆、寥兮无状；其体不可以名得、其用不可谓无名；名去实不远，在知其反；末以王者参天地而赞化育、道非六合之外为说。", "shortSimp": "陆传" }, { "id": "lvhuiqing", "name": "呂惠卿傳", "short": "呂傳", "author": "呂惠卿", "work": "道德真經傳", "era": "北宋", "years": "1032–1111", "color": "#7a6a4a", "desc": "以道不可名為宗；此章整章一傳，以炁形質渾淪未相離釋有物混成，以用之彌滿六虛、廢之莫知其所釋大，以周行無不在、遠而不禦、復歸其根釋逝遠反；末謂道自本自根、以無法為法，無法也者自然而已。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "吕惠卿传", "workSimp": "道德真经传", "authorSimp": "吕惠卿", "eraSimp": "北宋", "yearsSimp": "1032–1111", "descSimp": "以道不可名为宗；此章整章一传，以炁形质浑沦未相离释有物混成，以用之弥满六虚、废之莫知其所释大，以周行无不在、远而不御、复归其根释逝远反；末谓道自本自根、以无法为法，无法也者自然而已。", "shortSimp": "吕传" }, { "id": "suzhe", "name": "蘇轍老子解", "short": "蘇解", "author": "蘇轍", "work": "老子解", "era": "北宋", "years": "1039–1112", "color": "#4a6a6a", "desc": "以道在宥天下為說；此章分段作注，以道非清濁高下、混然而成體、其於人為性釋混成，以獨立無匹而未嘗變、行於群有而未嘗殆釋獨立周行；末謂人不若地、地不若天、天不若道、道不若自然。", "count": 5, "nameSimp": "苏辙老子解", "workSimp": "老子解", "authorSimp": "苏辙", "eraSimp": "北宋", "yearsSimp": "1039–1112", "descSimp": "以道在宥天下为说；此章分段作注，以道非清浊高下、混然而成体、其于人为性释混成，以独立无匹而未尝变、行于群有而未尝殆释独立周行；末谓人不若地、地不若天、天不若道、道不若自然。", "shortSimp": "苏解" }, { "id": "wucheng", "name": "吳澄道德真經注", "short": "吳注", "author": "吳澄", "work": "道德真經注", "era": "元", "years": "1249–1333", "color": "#5a6a3a", "desc": "逐句分疏；此章以混為渾、混成為不分判而完全，以寂為闃靜、寥為虛廓，以字為名之副，以逝為流行不息、遠為悠久無疆、反為無有無名；末以人與地一、地與天一、天與道一、道以自然為說。此章為其第二十一章。", "count": 6, "nameSimp": "吴澄道德真经注", "workSimp": "道德真经注", "authorSimp": "吴澄", "eraSimp": "元", "yearsSimp": "1249–1333", "descSimp": "逐句分疏；此章以混为浑、混成为不分判而完全，以寂为阒静、寥为虚廓，以字为名之副，以逝为流行不息、远为悠久无疆、反为无有无名；末以人与地一、地与天一、天与道一、道以自然为说。此章为其第二十一章。", "shortSimp": "吴注" }, { "id": "hanshan", "name": "憨山道德經解", "short": "憨山", "author": "釋德清", "work": "道德經解", "era": "明", "years": "1546–1623", "color": "#705a4a", "desc": "以內聖外王、返樸還淳為宗；此章整章一注，承前章世俗之士各以己見己是為得，特示大道之妙非見聞可及；末謂道固為大而猶有稱謂名字，離名絕字方為至妙。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "憨山道德经解", "workSimp": "道德经解", "authorSimp": "释德清", "eraSimp": "明", "yearsSimp": "1546–1623", "descSimp": "以内圣外王、返朴还淳为宗；此章整章一注，承前章世俗之士各以己见己是为得，特示大道之妙非见闻可及；末谓道固为大而犹有称谓名字，离名绝字方为至妙。", "shortSimp": "憨山" }, { "id": "weiyuan", "name": "魏源老子本義", "short": "魏本義", "author": "魏源", "work": "老子本義", "era": "清", "years": "1794–1857", "color": "#3d5a6a", "desc": "清儒治《老》，重校勘與通義；此章為其第二十一章，謂有物即前章「道之為物」，字者代名之謂、道者取於無物不由；末四語以人法為主，法道者亦法其自然，非謂人與天地輾轉相法而並王為域中五大。其本作「故天大地大，道大王亦大」「而王處其一焉」。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "魏源老子本义", "workSimp": "老子本义", "authorSimp": "魏源", "eraSimp": "清", "yearsSimp": "1794–1857", "descSimp": "清儒治《老》，重校勘与通义；此章为其第二十一章，谓有物即前章「道之为物」，字者代名之谓、道者取于无物不由；末四语以人法为主，法道者亦法其自然，非谓人与天地辗转相法而并王为域中五大。其本作「故天大地大，道大王亦大」「而王处其一焉」。", "shortSimp": "魏本义" }, { "id": "wangfuzhi", "name": "船山衍", "short": "船山", "author": "王夫之", "work": "老子衍", "era": "清", "years": "1619–1692", "color": "#3f5d52", "desc": "以「含文資不足」為說；此章整章一注，以形象有間、道無間為說，謂道不擇有無、與之俱往，往而不息故為逝為遠，住而不悖其來則逝遠之即反；其本作「可以為天地母」「人亦大」「而人居其一焉」。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "船山衍", "workSimp": "老子衍", "authorSimp": "王夫之", "eraSimp": "清", "yearsSimp": "1619–1692", "descSimp": "以「含文资不足」为说；此章整章一注，以形象有间、道无间为说，谓道不择有无、与之俱往，往而不息故为逝为远，住而不悖其来则逝远之即反；其本作「可以为天地母」「人亦大」「而人居其一焉」。", "shortSimp": "船山" }, { "id": "translator", "name": "本站今譯", "short": "今譯", "author": "LibreBook 編者", "work": "今譯", "era": "當代", "years": "", "color": "#8a8a8a", "desc": "編者據舊注與上下文所作語體今譯，供閱讀參照。", "count": 7, "nameSimp": "本站今译", "workSimp": "今译", "authorSimp": "LibreBook 编者", "eraSimp": "当代", "yearsSimp": "", "descSimp": "编者据旧注与上下文所作语体今译，供阅读参照。", "shortSimp": "今译" } ], "sentences": [ { "id": "s001", "paragraph": 1, "text": "有物混成，先天地生。", "textSimp": "有物混成，先天地生。", "translation": "有一个浑然一体的东西，在天地形成之前就已经存在。", "translationTrad": "有一個渾然一體的東西，在天地形成之前就已經存在。", "noteIds": [ "c013", "c001", "c020", "c027", "c034", "c042", "c049", "c050", "c051", "c056", "c062", "c063", "c064" ], "noteCount": 13, "charNoteIds": [ "n001", "n002" ], "key": "laozi-25:s001", "n": 1 }, { "id": "s002", "paragraph": 1, "text": "寂兮寥兮，獨立而不改，周行而不殆，可以為天下母。", "textSimp": "寂兮寥兮，独立而不改，周行而不殆，可以为天下母。", "translation": "它无声无形，独立长存而不改变，循环运行而从不倦怠，可以作为天下万物的母亲。", "translationTrad": "它無聲無形，獨立長存而不改變，循環運行而從不倦怠，可以作為天下萬物的母親。", "noteIds": [ "c014", "c002", "c003", "c021", "c028", "c035", "c043", "c049", "c050", "c052", "c057", "c062", "c063", "c064" ], "noteCount": 14, "charNoteIds": [ "n003", "n004", "n005", "n006" ], "key": "laozi-25:s002", "n": 2 }, { "id": "s003", "paragraph": 1, "text": "吾不知其名，字之曰道，強為之名曰大。", "textSimp": "吾不知其名，字之曰道，强为之名曰大。", "translation": "我不知道它的名字，勉强给它取字叫「道」，再勉强给它起名叫「大」。", "translationTrad": "我不知道它的名字，勉強給它取字叫「道」，再勉強給它起名叫「大」。", "noteIds": [ "c015", "c004", "c005", "c006", "c022", "c029", "c036", "c044", "c049", "c050", "c053", "c058", "c062", "c063", "c064" ], "noteCount": 15, "charNoteIds": [ "n007", "n008" ], "key": "laozi-25:s003", "n": 3 }, { "id": "s004", "paragraph": 1, "text": "大曰逝，逝曰遠，遠曰反。", "textSimp": "大曰逝，逝曰远，远曰反。", "translation": "大就流逝不止，流逝就远去，远去又返回本原。", "translationTrad": "大就流逝不止，流逝就遠去，遠去又返回本原。", "noteIds": [ "c016", "c007", "c008", "c023", "c030", "c037", "c045", "c049", "c050", "c054", "c059", "c062", "c063", "c064" ], "noteCount": 14, "charNoteIds": [ "n009", "n010" ], "key": "laozi-25:s004", "n": 4 }, { "id": "s005", "paragraph": 1, "text": "故道大，天大，地大，王亦大。", "textSimp": "故道大，天大，地大，王亦大。", "translation": "所以道是大的，天是大的，地是大的，王也是大的。", "translationTrad": "所以道是大的，天是大的，地是大的，王也是大的。", "noteIds": [ "c017", "c009", "c024", "c031", "c038", "c046", "c049", "c050", "c055", "c060", "c062", "c063", "c064" ], "noteCount": 13, "charNoteIds": [ "n011" ], "key": "laozi-25:s005", "n": 5 }, { "id": "s006", "paragraph": 1, "text": "域中有四大，而王居其一焉。", "textSimp": "域中有四大，而王居其一焉。", "translation": "宇宙之中共有四种大，而王居其中之一。", "translationTrad": "宇宙之中共有四種大，而王居其中之一。", "noteIds": [ "c018", "c010", "c011", "c025", "c032", "c039", "c041", "c047", "c049", "c050", "c055", "c060", "c062", "c063", "c064" ], "noteCount": 15, "charNoteIds": [ "n012" ], "key": "laozi-25:s006", "n": 6 }, { "id": "s007", "paragraph": 1, "text": "人法地，地法天，天法道，道法自然。", "textSimp": "人法地，地法天，天法道，道法自然。", "translation": "人取法于地，地取法于天，天取法于道，道取法于自然。", "translationTrad": "人取法於地，地取法於天，天取法於道，道取法於自然。", "noteIds": [ "c019", "c012", "c026", "c033", "c040", "c048", "c049", "c050", "c055", "c061", "c062", "c063", "c064" ], "noteCount": 13, "charNoteIds": [ "n013", "n014" ], "key": "laozi-25:s007", "n": 7 } ], "commentaries": [ { "id": "c001", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "有物混成，先天地生", "kind": "note", "text": "混然不可得而知，而萬物由之以成，故曰混成也。不知其誰之子，故先天地生。", "authorNote": "王弼本此章經注相連，今析存注文。", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "混然不可得而知，而万物由之以成，故曰混成也。不知其谁之子，故先天地生。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）（王弼本此章經注相連，今析存注文。）", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》（《道藏》本）", "authorNoteSimp": "王弼本此章经注相连，今析存注文。", "lemmaSimp": "有物混成，先天地生" }, { "id": "c002", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "寂兮寥兮，獨立不改", "kind": "note", "text": "寂寞無形體也。無物之匹，故曰獨立也。返化終始，不失其常，故曰不改也。", "authorNote": "王弼道藏本注「寂寥」作「寂寞」，與經文「寂兮寥兮」異。", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "寂寞无形体也。无物之匹，故曰独立也。返化终始，不失其常，故曰不改也。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）（王弼道藏本注「寂寥」作「寂寞」，與經文「寂兮寥兮」異。）", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》（《道藏》本）", "authorNoteSimp": "王弼道藏本注「寂寥」作「寂寞」，与经文「寂兮寥兮」异。", "lemmaSimp": "寂兮寥兮，独立不改" }, { "id": "c003", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "周行而不殆，可以為天下母", "kind": "note", "text": "周行無所不至而免殆，能生全大形也，故可以為天下母也。", "authorNote": "注「免殆」，經文作「不殆」。", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "周行无所不至而免殆，能生全大形也，故可以为天下母也。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）（注「免殆」，經文作「不殆」。）", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》（《道藏》本）", "authorNoteSimp": "注「免殆」，经文作「不殆」。", "lemmaSimp": "周行而不殆，可以为天下母" }, { "id": "c004", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "吾不知其名", "kind": "note", "text": "名以定形。混成無形，不可得而定，故曰不知其名也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "名以定形。混成无形，不可得而定，故曰不知其名也。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "吾不知其名" }, { "id": "c005", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "字之曰道", "kind": "note", "text": "夫名以定形，字以稱可。言道取於無物而不由也，是混成之中可言之稱最大也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "夫名以定形，字以称可。言道取于无物而不由也，是混成之中可言之称最大也。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "字之曰道" }, { "id": "c006", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "強為之名曰大", "kind": "note", "text": "吾所以字之曰道者，取其可言之稱最大也。責其字定之所由，則繫於大。大有繫則必有分，有分則失其極矣，故曰強之為名曰大。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "吾所以字之曰道者，取其可言之称最大也。责其字定之所由，则系于大。大有系则必有分，有分则失其极矣，故曰强之为名曰大。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "强为之名曰大" }, { "id": "c007", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "大曰逝", "kind": "note", "text": "逝，行也。不守一大體而已，周行無所不至，故曰逝也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "逝，行也。不守一大体而已，周行无所不至，故曰逝也。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "大曰逝" }, { "id": "c008", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "逝曰遠，遠曰反", "kind": "note", "text": "遠，極也。周無所不窮極，不偏於一逝，故曰遠也。不隨於所適，其體獨立，故曰反也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "远，极也。周无所不穷极，不偏于一逝，故曰远也。不随于所适，其体独立，故曰反也。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "逝曰远，远曰反" }, { "id": "c009", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "故道大，天大，地大，王亦大", "kind": "note", "text": "天地之性人為貴，而王是人之主也，雖不職大，亦復為大，與三匹，故曰王亦大也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "天地之性人为贵，而王是人之主也，虽不职大，亦复为大，与三匹，故曰王亦大也。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "故道大，天大，地大，王亦大" }, { "id": "c010", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s006", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "域中有四大", "kind": "note", "text": "四大，道、天、地、王也。凡物有稱有名，則非其極也。言道則有所由，有所由然後謂之為道，然則是道稱中之大也，不若無稱之大也。無稱不可得而名，曰域也。道、天、地、王皆在乎無稱之內，故曰域中有四大者也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "四大，道、天、地、王也。凡物有称有名，则非其极也。言道则有所由，有所由然后谓之为道，然则是道称中之大也，不若无称之大也。无称不可得而名，曰域也。道、天、地、王皆在乎无称之内，故曰域中有四大者也。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "域中有四大" }, { "id": "c011", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s006", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "而王居其一焉", "kind": "note", "text": "處人主之大也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "处人主之大也。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "而王居其一焉" }, { "id": "c012", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s007", "end": "s007" }, "lemma": "人法地，地法天，天法道，道法自然", "kind": "note", "text": "法謂法則也。人不違地乃得全安，法地也；地不違天乃得全載，法天也；天不違道乃得全覆，法道也；道不違自然乃得其性。法自然者，在方而法方，在圓而法圓，於自然無所違也。自然者，無稱之言，窮極之辭也。用智不及無知，而形魄不及精象，精象不及無形，有儀不及無儀，故轉相法也。道順自然，天故資焉；天法於道，地故則焉；地法於天，人故象焉。所以為主，其一之者，主也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "法谓法则也。人不违地乃得全安，法地也；地不违天乃得全载，法天也；天不违道乃得全覆，法道也；道不违自然乃得其性。法自然者，在方而法方，在圆而法圆，于自然无所违也。自然者，无称之言，穷极之辞也。用智不及无知，而形魄不及精象，精象不及无形，有仪不及无仪，故转相法也。道顺自然，天故资焉；天法于道，地故则焉；地法于天，人故象焉。所以为主，其一之者，主也。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "人法地，地法天，天法道，道法自然" }, { "id": "c013", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "有物混成，先天地生", "kind": "note", "text": "謂道無形，混沌而成萬物，乃在天地之前。", "authorNote": "此章河上公注據《玄德纂疏》所引。", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "谓道无形，混沌而成万物，乃在天地之前。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》所引）（此章河上公注據《玄德纂疏》所引。）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "此章河上公注据《玄德纂疏》所引。", "lemmaSimp": "有物混成，先天地生" }, { "id": "c014", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "寂兮寥兮，獨立而不改", "kind": "note", "text": "寂者無音聲，寥者空無形，獨立者無匹雙，不改者化有常。", "authorNote": "河上公本此注以經文起句，經注相連，今析存注文。", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "寂者无音声，寥者空无形，独立者无匹双，不改者化有常。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》所引）（河上公本此注以經文起句，經注相連，今析存注文。）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "河上公本此注以经文起句，经注相连，今析存注文。", "lemmaSimp": "寂兮寥兮，独立而不改" }, { "id": "c015", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "吾不知其名，字之曰道，強為之名曰大", "kind": "note", "text": "我不見道之形容，不知當何以名之，見萬物皆從道所生，故字之曰道也。不知而名曰強。大者高而無上，羅而無外，無不包容曰大。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "我不见道之形容，不知当何以名之，见万物皆从道所生，故字之曰道也。不知而名曰强。大者高而无上，罗而无外，无不包容曰大。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "lemmaSimp": "吾不知其名，字之曰道，强为之名曰大" }, { "id": "c016", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "大曰逝，逝曰遠，遠曰反", "kind": "note", "text": "其為大非若天常在上、非若地常在下，乃復逝去，無常處所也。言遠者窮於無窮，布炁天地，無所不通也。言其遠不超然絕遠，乃復返在人身也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "其为大非若天常在上、非若地常在下，乃复逝去，无常处所也。言远者穷于无穷，布炁天地，无所不通也。言其远不超然绝远，乃复返在人身也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "lemmaSimp": "大曰逝，逝曰远，远曰反" }, { "id": "c017", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "故道大，天大，地大，王亦大", "kind": "note", "text": "道大者，無所不容，包羅諸天地也；天大者，無不蓋；地大者，無不載；王大者，無不制也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "道大者，无所不容，包罗诸天地也；天大者，无不盖；地大者，无不载；王大者，无不制也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "lemmaSimp": "故道大，天大，地大，王亦大" }, { "id": "c018", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s006", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "域中有四大，而王居其一焉", "kind": "note", "text": "八極之內有四大，王居其一焉。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "八极之内有四大，王居其一焉。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "lemmaSimp": "域中有四大，而王居其一焉" }, { "id": "c019", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s007", "end": "s007" }, "lemma": "人法地，地法天，天法道，道法自然", "kind": "note", "text": "人當法地安靜和柔，種得五穀，掘得甘泉，勞而不怨，有功而不置也。天澹泊不動，施而不求報，生長萬物，無所收取也。道法清靜不言，陰陽運行，精氣萬物自成也。道性自然，無所法也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "人当法地安静和柔，种得五谷，掘得甘泉，劳而不怨，有功而不置也。天澹泊不动，施而不求报，生长万物，无所收取也。道法清静不言，阴阳运行，精气万物自成也。道性自然，无所法也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "lemmaSimp": "人法地，地法天，天法道，道法自然" }, { "id": "c020", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "有物混成，先天地生", "kind": "note", "text": "有物者，道也。明道非有而有，非物而物，混沌不分，而能生成庶品，亦明不混而混，雖混而成，不成而成，雖成而混。即此混成之道，在天地先，生還是不先，先不生生義也。故《莊子》云「神鬼神帝，生天生地」，又云「在天地之先而不為老」。", "authorNote": "此章成玄英疏據《玄德纂疏》所引。", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "有物者，道也。明道非有而有，非物而物，混沌不分，而能生成庶品，亦明不混而混，虽混而成，不成而成，虽成而混。即此混成之道，在天地先，生还是不先，先不生生义也。故《庄子》云「神鬼神帝，生天生地」，又云「在天地之先而不为老」。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引）（此章成玄英疏據《玄德纂疏》所引。）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "此章成玄英疏据《玄德纂疏》所引。", "lemmaSimp": "有物混成，先天地生" }, { "id": "c021", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "寂兮寥兮，獨立而不改，周行而不殆，可以為天下母", "kind": "note", "text": "寂，無聲也；寥，無形也；獨立，無待對也；不改，無遷變也。言道體窈冥，形聲斯絕，既無因待，亦不改變，此乃獨獨，非待獨也。道無不在，名曰周行；所在皆通，故無危殆。開化陰陽，安立天地，亭毒群品，子育含靈，生之畜之，故可為母。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "寂，无声也；寥，无形也；独立，无待对也；不改，无迁变也。言道体窈冥，形声斯绝，既无因待，亦不改变，此乃独独，非待独也。道无不在，名曰周行；所在皆通，故无危殆。开化阴阳，安立天地，亭毒群品，子育含灵，生之畜之，故可为母。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "lemmaSimp": "寂兮寥兮，独立而不改，周行而不殆，可以为天下母" }, { "id": "c022", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "吾不知其名，字之曰道，強為之名曰大", "kind": "note", "text": "道本無名，不可智知，道名即初章云「無名天地始」也。取其有通生之德，故字之曰道，即初章云「有名萬物母」也。體無涯際，故名為大，故稱為強名。以名體字，道即是用，大即是體，故名大而字道也。人皆先名後字，今乃先字後名者，欲表道與俗反也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "道本无名，不可智知，道名即初章云「无名天地始」也。取其有通生之德，故字之曰道，即初章云「有名万物母」也。体无涯际，故名为大，故称为强名。以名体字，道即是用，大即是体，故名大而字道也。人皆先名后字，今乃先字后名者，欲表道与俗反也。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "lemmaSimp": "吾不知其名，字之曰道，强为之名曰大" }, { "id": "c023", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "大曰逝，逝曰遠，遠曰反", "kind": "note", "text": "逝，往也。能運致眾生往至聖境也，超陵三界，遠適三清也。返，還也。既自利道圓，遠之聖境，故能返還界內，慈救蒼生。又解：迷時以三清為三界，悟則三界是三清，故返在塵俗之中，即是大羅之上。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "逝，往也。能运致众生往至圣境也，超陵三界，远适三清也。返，还也。既自利道圆，远之圣境，故能返还界内，慈救苍生。又解：迷时以三清为三界，悟则三界是三清，故返在尘俗之中，即是大罗之上。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "lemmaSimp": "大曰逝，逝曰远，远曰反" }, { "id": "c024", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "故道大，天大，地大，王亦大", "kind": "note", "text": "道大無不包也，天大無不覆也，地大無不載也，王大無不制也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "道大无不包也，天大无不覆也，地大无不载也，王大无不制也。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "lemmaSimp": "故道大，天大，地大，王亦大" }, { "id": "c025", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s006", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "域中有四大，而王居其一焉", "kind": "note", "text": "境域之中有此四大，王有化被之德，故繼二儀而居一數也。《莊》云「夫道未始有封」，而此言域中者，欲明不域而域，雖域不域；不域而域，義說域中，雖域不域，包羅無外也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "境域之中有此四大，王有化被之德，故继二仪而居一数也。《庄》云「夫道未始有封」，而此言域中者，欲明不域而域，虽域不域；不域而域，义说域中，虽域不域，包罗无外也。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "lemmaSimp": "域中有四大，而王居其一焉" }, { "id": "c026", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s007", "end": "s007" }, "lemma": "人法地，地法天，天法道，道法自然", "kind": "note", "text": "人，主也。王必須法地安靜，而靜為行先，定能生惠，故下章云「躁則失君」；既靜如地，次須法天清虛，覆育無私也，天有三光，喻人有惠照，地是定門，天是惠門也；既能如天，次須法道虛通，包容萬物也；既能如道，次須法自然之妙理，所謂重玄之域也。道是迹，自然是本，以本收之迹，故義言法也。又解：道性自然，更無所法，體絕修學，故言法自然也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "人，主也。王必须法地安静，而静为行先，定能生惠，故下章云「躁则失君」；既静如地，次须法天清虚，复育无私也，天有三光，喻人有惠照，地是定门，天是惠门也；既能如天，次须法道虚通，包容万物也；既能如道，次须法自然之妙理，所谓重玄之域也。道是迹，自然是本，以本收之迹，故义言法也。又解：道性自然，更无所法，体绝修学，故言法自然也。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "lemmaSimp": "人法地，地法天，天法道，道法自然" }, { "id": "c027", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "有物混成，先天地生", "kind": "note", "text": "將欲明道立名之由，故云有物。言有物混然而成，含孕一切，尋其生化，乃在天地之先也。", "authorNote": "此章御注御疏據《玄德纂疏》所引。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "将欲明道立名之由，故云有物。言有物混然而成，含孕一切，寻其生化，乃在天地之先也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引御注御疏）（此章御注御疏據《玄德纂疏》所引。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此章御注御疏据《玄德纂疏》所引。", "lemmaSimp": "有物混成，先天地生" }, { "id": "c028", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "寂兮寥兮，獨立而不改，周行而不殆，可以為天下母", "kind": "note", "text": "有物之體，寂寥虛靜，妙本湛然常寂，故獨立而不改；應用遍於群有，故周行而不危殆；而萬物資以生成，被其茂養之德，故可以為天下母。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "有物之体，寂寥虚静，妙本湛然常寂，故独立而不改；应用遍于群有，故周行而不危殆；而万物资以生成，被其茂养之德，故可以为天下母。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引御注御疏）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引御注御疏）", "lemmaSimp": "寂兮寥兮，独立而不改，周行而不殆，可以为天下母" }, { "id": "c029", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "吾不知其名，字之曰道，強為之名曰大", "kind": "note", "text": "吾見其物生成，隱無名氏，故以通生表其德，字之曰道；以包含目其體，故強名曰大。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "吾见其物生成，隐无名氏，故以通生表其德，字之曰道；以包含目其体，故强名曰大。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引御注御疏）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引御注御疏）", "lemmaSimp": "吾不知其名，字之曰道，强为之名曰大" }, { "id": "c030", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "大曰逝，逝曰遠，遠曰反", "kind": "note", "text": "妙用無方，強名不得，故自大而求之則逝而往矣，自往而求之則遠不及矣。若能了悟，則返在於身心而證之。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "妙用无方，强名不得，故自大而求之则逝而往矣，自往而求之则远不及矣。若能了悟，则返在于身心而证之。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引御注御疏）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引御注御疏）", "lemmaSimp": "大曰逝，逝曰远，远曰反" }, { "id": "c031", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "故道大，天大，地大，王亦大", "kind": "note", "text": "因其所大而明之，得一者天地王。天大能覆，地大能載，王大能法地則天行道，故云亦大也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "因其所大而明之，得一者天地王。天大能覆，地大能载，王大能法地则天行道，故云亦大也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引御注御疏）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引御注御疏）", "lemmaSimp": "故道大，天大，地大，王亦大" }, { "id": "c032", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s006", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "域中有四大，而王居其一焉", "kind": "note", "text": "王者人靈之主，萬物繫其興亡，將欲伸其鑒誡，故云而王居其一，欲警王令有所法，謂下之文也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "王者人灵之主，万物系其兴亡，将欲伸其鉴诫，故云而王居其一，欲警王令有所法，谓下之文也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引御注御疏）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引御注御疏）", "lemmaSimp": "域中有四大，而王居其一焉" }, { "id": "c033", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s007", "end": "s007" }, "lemma": "人法地，地法天，天法道，道法自然", "kind": "note", "text": "人謂王也。為主者先當法地安靜，既爾又當法天運用生成，既生成已又當法道清靜無為，令物自化。人君能爾者，即合道法自然。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "人谓王也。为主者先当法地安静，既尔又当法天运用生成，既生成已又当法道清静无为，令物自化。人君能尔者，即合道法自然。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引御注御疏）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引御注御疏）", "lemmaSimp": "人法地，地法天，天法道，道法自然" }, { "id": "c034", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "有物混成，先天地生", "kind": "subcommentary", "text": "有物者，妙物也，即虛極妙本也。將欲申明強名所由，不可即稱道，故云有此妙物混然而成，含孕眾象，尋其生化，乃在乎天地之先，故云先天地生爾。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "有物者，妙物也，即虚极妙本也。将欲申明强名所由，不可即称道，故云有此妙物混然而成，含孕众象，寻其生化，乃在乎天地之先，故云先天地生尔。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引御注御疏）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引御注御疏）", "lemmaSimp": "有物混成，先天地生" }, { "id": "c035", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "寂兮寥兮，獨立而不改，周行而不殆，可以為天下母", "kind": "subcommentary", "text": "寂寥者，嘆有物之體寂寥虛靜，妙本湛然，故獨立而不移改；物感必應，應用無心，遍於群有，故周行而不危殆。可以為天下母：妙本生化，遍於群有，群有之物無非匠成，萬物被其茂養之德，故可以為天下母爾。母以茂養為義也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "寂寥者，叹有物之体寂寥虚静，妙本湛然，故独立而不移改；物感必应，应用无心，遍于群有，故周行而不危殆。可以为天下母：妙本生化，遍于群有，群有之物无非匠成，万物被其茂养之德，故可以为天下母尔。母以茂养为义也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引御注御疏）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引御注御疏）", "lemmaSimp": "寂兮寥兮，独立而不改，周行而不殆，可以为天下母" }, { "id": "c036", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "吾不知其名，字之曰道，強為之名曰大", "kind": "subcommentary", "text": "字者表其德，名者定其體。妙本生化，沖用莫窮，寂寥虛靜，不可定其形狀；先天地生，難以言其族氏。故吾不知其名，但見其大通，欲表其通生之德，故字之曰道；見其包含無外，將欲定其至無之體，故強名曰大。凡物先名而後字者，以其自小而成大；而道先字而後名者，以其從本而降迹爾。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "字者表其德，名者定其体。妙本生化，冲用莫穷，寂寥虚静，不可定其形状；先天地生，难以言其族氏。故吾不知其名，但见其大通，欲表其通生之德，故字之曰道；见其包含无外，将欲定其至无之体，故强名曰大。凡物先名而后字者，以其自小而成大；而道先字而后名者，以其从本而降迹尔。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引御注御疏）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引御注御疏）", "lemmaSimp": "吾不知其名，字之曰道，强为之名曰大" }, { "id": "c037", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "大曰逝，逝曰遠，遠曰反", "kind": "subcommentary", "text": "夫滯於一方者，非天下之至通也。故天職生覆而不能形載，地職形載而不能生覆。唯妙本之用，用無定方，雖則強名曰大，而復不繼於大。自大而求之則逝而往矣，自往而求之則遠不及矣，自遠而求之則復返在人身心矣，故曰遠曰返。《莊子》曰「夫道於大不終，於細不遺」。", "authorNote": "御疏引經作「遠曰返」。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "夫滞于一方者，非天下之至通也。故天职生覆而不能形载，地职形载而不能生覆。唯妙本之用，用无定方，虽则强名曰大，而复不继于大。自大而求之则逝而往矣，自往而求之则远不及矣，自远而求之则复返在人身心矣，故曰远曰返。《庄子》曰「夫道于大不终，于细不遗」。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引御注御疏）（御疏引經作「遠曰返」。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "御疏引经作「远曰返」。", "lemmaSimp": "大曰逝，逝曰远，远曰反" }, { "id": "c038", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "故道大，天大，地大，王亦大", "kind": "subcommentary", "text": "因強名道曰大，而舉所次大者，故天能顛玄在上，垂覆萬物；地能凝靜於下，厚載萬物；王能清靜無為而化萬物。此三大也，吾道一以貫之。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "因强名道曰大，而举所次大者，故天能颠玄在上，垂覆万物；地能凝静于下，厚载万物；王能清静无为而化万物。此三大也，吾道一以贯之。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引御注御疏）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引御注御疏）", "lemmaSimp": "故道大，天大，地大，王亦大" }, { "id": "c039", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s006", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "域中有四大，而王居其一焉", "kind": "subcommentary", "text": "域者，限域也。今明域者名也，名為體域，物無名外之體，故曰域中。若舉道名則道在其中矣，舉天名則天無遺體矣，故云域中，即有名之中有此四大。云而居一者，王為人靈之首，有道即萬物被其德，無道則天地蒙其害，故特標而王居一，欲令法道自然。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "域者，限域也。今明域者名也，名为体域，物无名外之体，故曰域中。若举道名则道在其中矣，举天名则天无遗体矣，故云域中，即有名之中有此四大。云而居一者，王为人灵之首，有道即万物被其德，无道则天地蒙其害，故特标而王居一，欲令法道自然。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引御注御疏）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引御注御疏）", "lemmaSimp": "域中有四大，而王居其一焉" }, { "id": "c040", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s007", "end": "s007" }, "lemma": "人法地，地法天，天法道，道法自然", "kind": "subcommentary", "text": "人謂王也。所以云人者，謂人能法天地生成、法道清靜，則天下歸往，是以為王；王若不然，則物無所歸往，故稱人以戒爾。為王者當法地安靜，因其安靜，又當法天生化，功被物矣；又當法道清靜無為，忘功於物，令物自化。人君能爾，則合道法自然。言道之為法自然，非復仿法自然也。若如惑者難以道法效於自然，是則域中有五大，非四大也。又引《西昇經》「虛無生自然，自然生道」，道則以為虛無之孫、自然之子，妄生先後之義以定尊卑，自塞源拔本，倒置何深！且嘗試論曰：虛無者，妙本之體，體非有物，故曰虛無；自然者，妙本之性，性非造作，故曰自然；道者，妙本之功用，所謂強名，無非通生，故謂之道。約體用名，即謂之虛無自然之道爾。尋其所以，即一妙本，復何所相仿法乎？則知惑者之難，不詣夫玄鍵矣。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "人谓王也。所以云人者，谓人能法天地生成、法道清静，则天下归往，是以为王；王若不然，则物无所归往，故称人以戒尔。为王者当法地安静，因其安静，又当法天生化，功被物矣；又当法道清静无为，忘功于物，令物自化。人君能尔，则合道法自然。言道之为法自然，非复仿法自然也。若如惑者难以道法效于自然，是则域中有五大，非四大也。又引《西升经》「虚无生自然，自然生道」，道则以为虚无之孙、自然之子，妄生先后之义以定尊卑，自塞源拔本，倒置何深！且尝试论曰：虚无者，妙本之体，体非有物，故曰虚无；自然者，妙本之性，性非造作，故曰自然；道者，妙本之功用，所谓强名，无非通生，故谓之道。约体用名，即谓之虚无自然之道尔。寻其所以，即一妙本，复何所相仿法乎？则知惑者之难，不诣夫玄键矣。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引御注御疏）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》所引御注御疏）", "lemmaSimp": "人法地，地法天，天法道，道法自然" }, { "id": "c041", "block": 0, "source": "yanzun", "target": { "start": "s006", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "域中有四大，而王居其一焉", "kind": "note", "text": "功德同也。", "authorNote": "嚴遵《指歸》道經原卷缺佚，此章《玄德纂疏》僅輯存此一條。", "citation": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》輯文）", "textSimp": "功德同也。", "citationFull": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》輯文）（嚴遵《指歸》道經原卷缺佚，此章《玄德纂疏》僅輯存此一條。）", "citationSimp": "严遵《道德真经指归》（《玄德纂疏》辑文）", "authorNoteSimp": "严遵《指归》道经原卷缺佚，此章《玄德纂疏》仅辑存此一条。", "lemmaSimp": "域中有四大，而王居其一焉" }, { "id": "c042", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "有物混成，先天地生", "kind": "note", "text": "有物者，道也。名之曰道，故言有物。然道之為物，唯怳唯惚，不可以有無議，不可以陰陽辯，混沌無形，自然而得，故曰混成。自然之理運之，以變化無形之內，開之以氣象，原其本，則先天地生也。", "authorNote": "此章李榮注據《道藏》本，參《玄德纂疏》所引。", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《道藏》本，參《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "有物者，道也。名之曰道，故言有物。然道之为物，唯怳唯惚，不可以有无议，不可以阴阳辩，混沌无形，自然而得，故曰混成。自然之理运之，以变化无形之内，开之以气象，原其本，则先天地生也。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《道藏》本，參《玄德纂疏》所引）（此章李榮注據《道藏》本，參《玄德纂疏》所引。）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《道藏》本，参《玄德纂疏》所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "此章李荣注据《道藏》本，参《玄德纂疏》所引。", "lemmaSimp": "有物混成，先天地生" }, { "id": "c043", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "寂兮寥兮，獨立不改，周行不殆，可以為天下母", "kind": "note", "text": "混成之道，先天地生，聽之不聞則寂寥無響，摶之不得則澹漠無形；喪偶而無對，故言獨立；湛然而常存，故言不改。無處不在，周行也；用之不勤，不殆也；覆載生畜，母之義也。", "authorNote": "李榮道藏本經文無兩「而」字。", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《道藏》本，參《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "混成之道，先天地生，听之不闻则寂寥无响，抟之不得则澹漠无形；丧偶而无对，故言独立；湛然而常存，故言不改。无处不在，周行也；用之不勤，不殆也；覆载生畜，母之义也。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《道藏》本，參《玄德纂疏》所引）（李榮道藏本經文無兩「而」字。）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《道藏》本，参《玄德纂疏》所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "李荣道藏本经文无两「而」字。", "lemmaSimp": "寂兮寥兮，独立不改，周行不殆，可以为天下母" }, { "id": "c044", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "吾不知其名，字之曰道，強為之名曰大", "kind": "note", "text": "夫有形者立稱，無象者絕名。約通生而為用，字之曰道；無一法而不包，名之曰大。理本無名，無名而名，謂之強也。", "authorNote": "李榮道藏本經文作「吾強為之名曰大」。", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《道藏》本，參《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "夫有形者立称，无象者绝名。约通生而为用，字之曰道；无一法而不包，名之曰大。理本无名，无名而名，谓之强也。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《道藏》本，參《玄德纂疏》所引）（李榮道藏本經文作「吾強為之名曰大」。）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《道藏》本，参《玄德纂疏》所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "李荣道藏本经文作「吾强为之名曰大」。", "lemmaSimp": "吾不知其名，字之曰道，强为之名曰大" }, { "id": "c045", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "大曰逝，逝曰遠，遠曰返", "kind": "note", "text": "逝，往也，即大求之而不得，往也；就往追之而不及，遠也；體之近在於身，故謂之返也。", "authorNote": "李榮道藏本經文作「遠曰返」。", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《道藏》本，參《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "逝，往也，即大求之而不得，往也；就往追之而不及，远也；体之近在于身，故谓之返也。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《道藏》本，參《玄德纂疏》所引）（李榮道藏本經文作「遠曰返」。）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《道藏》本，参《玄德纂疏》所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "李荣道藏本经文作「远曰返」。", "lemmaSimp": "大曰逝，逝曰远，远曰返" }, { "id": "c046", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "故道大，天大，地大，王亦大", "kind": "note", "text": "道尊德貴，彌羅無外；天能廣覆，無隔於貴賤；地能厚載，不擇於妍媸；帝王控制，通貫於遠近，字育普均於貧富。用各有主，歷言大也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《道藏》本，參《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "道尊德贵，弥罗无外；天能广覆，无隔于贵贱；地能厚载，不择于妍媸；帝王控制，通贯于远近，字育普均于贫富。用各有主，历言大也。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《道藏》本，參《玄德纂疏》所引）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《道藏》本，参《玄德纂疏》所引）", "lemmaSimp": "故道大，天大，地大，王亦大" }, { "id": "c047", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s006", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "域中有四大，而王居其一焉", "kind": "note", "text": "寰宇之表，自可絕言；形象之中，理當稱謂。雖具萬品，究之唯有四大。大名既一，用義難殊，欲勸帝王抱式於道德，取則於天地也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《道藏》本，參《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "寰宇之表，自可绝言；形象之中，理当称谓。虽具万品，究之唯有四大。大名既一，用义难殊，欲劝帝王抱式于道德，取则于天地也。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《道藏》本，參《玄德纂疏》所引）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《道藏》本，参《玄德纂疏》所引）", "lemmaSimp": "域中有四大，而王居其一焉" }, { "id": "c048", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s007", "end": "s007" }, "lemma": "人法地，地法天，天法道，道法自然", "kind": "note", "text": "夫為人主者，靜與陰同德，其載無私，法地也；動與陽同波，其覆公正，法天也；清虛無為，運行不滯，動皆合理，法道也；聖人無欲，非存於有事，虛己理絕於經營，任物義歸於獨化，法自然也。此是法於天地，非天地以相法也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《道藏》本，參《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "夫为人主者，静与阴同德，其载无私，法地也；动与阳同波，其覆公正，法天也；清虚无为，运行不滞，动皆合理，法道也；圣人无欲，非存于有事，虚己理绝于经营，任物义归于独化，法自然也。此是法于天地，非天地以相法也。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《道藏》本，參《玄德纂疏》所引）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《道藏》本，参《玄德纂疏》所引）", "lemmaSimp": "人法地，地法天，天法道，道法自然" }, { "id": "c049", "block": 0, "source": "luxisheng", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s007" }, "lemma": "有物混成", "kind": "note", "text": "《易》曰「易有太極，是生兩儀」，則知混成之物生於天地之先也。寂兮無兆，獨立於萬化之外而其體不改；寥兮無狀，周行於萬物之內而其用不殆。故能生成品類，為萬事之主。《中庸》曰「其為物也不貳，則其生物也不測」，是以太極為大衍之始，混成為天下之母焉。其體不可以名得，故不知其名；其用不可謂無名，故字之曰道。夫字因名立，名因用生，既與之為字，則知其有名矣。尋其名，未知所謂；究其用，見其極大，因強名其用，謂之為大焉。於其用則名為大矣，於其體則實已逝矣。名去實，其遠乎？曰：其去不遠，在知其反：以名反實，以事反理。大施於家國，小施於身心，不能反躬，則天理滅矣。故記曰「道不遠人，人自遠道而遠人，不可以為道」；又曰「道也者，不可斯須離，可離非道」。故始所謂「有物混成，先天地生」者，無名之道也；末所謂「逝曰遠，遠曰反」者，有名之道也。故舉域中之四大，而王者居其一焉，以明王者參天地之道而贊萬物之化育也。於乎！域中之云者，明道非六合之外也。故為人之主者，必法地之靜以為體；能靜矣，然後法天之動以為用；能動矣，然後法道之無為無不為；既能無為無不為矣，然後能法自然而然而天下莫知所以然也。", "authorNote": "陸希聲本此章整章一傳，經文「獨立而不改」「故域中有四大」有「而」「故」字。", "citation": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "《易》曰「易有太极，是生两仪」，则知混成之物生于天地之先也。寂兮无兆，独立于万化之外而其体不改；寥兮无状，周行于万物之内而其用不殆。故能生成品类，为万事之主。《中庸》曰「其为物也不贰，则其生物也不测」，是以太极为大衍之始，混成为天下之母焉。其体不可以名得，故不知其名；其用不可谓无名，故字之曰道。夫字因名立，名因用生，既与之为字，则知其有名矣。寻其名，未知所谓；究其用，见其极大，因强名其用，谓之为大焉。于其用则名为大矣，于其体则实已逝矣。名去实，其远乎？曰：其去不远，在知其反：以名反实，以事反理。大施于家国，小施于身心，不能反躬，则天理灭矣。故记曰「道不远人，人自远道而远人，不可以为道」；又曰「道也者，不可斯须离，可离非道」。故始所谓「有物混成，先天地生」者，无名之道也；末所谓「逝曰远，远曰反」者，有名之道也。故举域中之四大，而王者居其一焉，以明王者参天地之道而赞万物之化育也。於乎！域中之云者，明道非六合之外也。故为人之主者，必法地之静以为体；能静矣，然后法天之动以为用；能动矣，然后法道之无为无不为；既能无为无不为矣，然后能法自然而然而天下莫知所以然也。", "citationFull": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本）（陸希聲本此章整章一傳，經文「獨立而不改」「故域中有四大」有「而」「故」字。）", "citationSimp": "陆希声《道德经传》（《道藏》本）", "authorNoteSimp": "陆希声本此章整章一传，经文「独立而不改」「故域中有四大」有「而」「故」字。", "lemmaSimp": "有物混成" }, { "id": "c050", "block": 0, "source": "lvhuiqing", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s007" }, "lemma": "有物混成", "kind": "note", "text": "有炁也，有形也，有質也，而天地人之位分；可聞也，可見也，可摶也，而耳目心之官辯。是物也未見炁與形質者也，炁形質渾淪而未相離者也，而視之不可見，聽之不可聞，摶之不可得，則其形不可得而見也，故吾不知其名；而命之其義可言也，故字之曰道。不知其名，以心契之也；字之曰道，以義言之也。道之為物，用之則彌滿六虛，而廢之莫知其所，則大豈足以名之哉？強為之名而已。大則周行而無不在，不止於吾身而已，故大曰逝；逝則遠而不禦，故逝曰遠；遠而不禦，則吾求其際而不可得也，復歸其根而未始離乎吾身也，故遠曰反。道大、天大、地大、王亦大，在六合之外則大不足以言之，所謂四大者，域中而已。王者，人之復命，知常容，容乃公，公乃王者也，故域中有四大而王處一焉。王者，人道之盡者也。人以有形而合於無形，於地亦然，則地之所至人亦至焉，故曰人法地；天之所至地亦至焉，故曰地法天；道之所至天亦至焉，故曰天法道；道則自本自根，未有天地，自古以固存，而以無法為法者也。無法也者，自然而已，故曰道法自然。", "authorNote": "呂惠卿本此章整章一傳，經文作「而王居一焉」；「辯」通「辨」。", "citation": "呂惠卿《道德真經傳》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "有炁也，有形也，有质也，而天地人之位分；可闻也，可见也，可抟也，而耳目心之官辩。是物也未见炁与形质者也，炁形质浑沦而未相离者也，而视之不可见，听之不可闻，抟之不可得，则其形不可得而见也，故吾不知其名；而命之其义可言也，故字之曰道。不知其名，以心契之也；字之曰道，以义言之也。道之为物，用之则弥满六虚，而废之莫知其所，则大岂足以名之哉？强为之名而已。大则周行而无不在，不止于吾身而已，故大曰逝；逝则远而不御，故逝曰远；远而不御，则吾求其际而不可得也，复归其根而未始离乎吾身也，故远曰反。道大、天大、地大、王亦大，在六合之外则大不足以言之，所谓四大者，域中而已。王者，人之复命，知常容，容乃公，公乃王者也，故域中有四大而王处一焉。王者，人道之尽者也。人以有形而合于无形，于地亦然，则地之所至人亦至焉，故曰人法地；天之所至地亦至焉，故曰地法天；道之所至天亦至焉，故曰天法道；道则自本自根，未有天地，自古以固存，而以无法为法者也。无法也者，自然而已，故曰道法自然。", "citationFull": "呂惠卿《道德真經傳》（《道藏》本）（呂惠卿本此章整章一傳，經文作「而王居一焉」；「辯」通「辨」。）", "citationSimp": "吕惠卿《道德真经传》（《道藏》本）", "authorNoteSimp": "吕惠卿本此章整章一传，经文作「而王居一焉」；「辩」通「辨」。", "lemmaSimp": "有物混成" }, { "id": "c051", "block": 0, "source": "suzhe", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "有物混成，先天地生", "kind": "note", "text": "夫道非清非濁，非高非下，非去非來，非善非惡，混然而成體。其於人為性，故曰有物混成。此未有知其生者，蓋湛然常存，而天地生於其中耳。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "夫道非清非浊，非高非下，非去非来，非善非恶，混然而成体。其于人为性，故曰有物混成。此未有知其生者，盖湛然常存，而天地生于其中耳。", "citationFull": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "苏辙《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "有物混成，先天地生" }, { "id": "c052", "block": 0, "source": "suzhe", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "寂兮寥兮，獨立而不改，周行而不殆，可以為天下母", "kind": "note", "text": "寂兮無聲，寥兮無形。獨立無匹而未嘗變，行於群有而未嘗殆。俯以化育萬物，則皆其母矣。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "寂兮无声，寥兮无形。独立无匹而未尝变，行于群有而未尝殆。俯以化育万物，则皆其母矣。", "citationFull": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "苏辙《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "寂兮寥兮，独立而不改，周行而不殆，可以为天下母" }, { "id": "c053", "block": 0, "source": "suzhe", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "吾不知其名，字之曰道，強為之名曰大", "kind": "note", "text": "道本無名，聖人見萬物之無不由也，故字之曰道；見萬物之莫能加也，故強為之名曰大。然其實則無得而稱之也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "道本无名，圣人见万物之无不由也，故字之曰道；见万物之莫能加也，故强为之名曰大。然其实则无得而称之也。", "citationFull": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "苏辙《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "吾不知其名，字之曰道，强为之名曰大" }, { "id": "c054", "block": 0, "source": "suzhe", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "大曰逝，逝曰遠，遠曰反", "kind": "note", "text": "自大而求之則逝而往矣，自往而求之則遠不及矣。雖逝雖遠，然反而求之，一心足矣。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "自大而求之则逝而往矣，自往而求之则远不及矣。虽逝虽远，然反而求之，一心足矣。", "citationFull": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "苏辙《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "大曰逝，逝曰远，远曰反" }, { "id": "c055", "block": 0, "source": "suzhe", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s007" }, "lemma": "故道大，天大，地大，王亦大", "kind": "note", "text": "由道言之，則雖天地與王皆不足大也。然世之人習知三者之大，而不信道之大也，故以實告之：人不若地，地不若天，天不若道，道不若自然。然使人一日復性，則此三者人皆足以盡之矣。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "由道言之，则虽天地与王皆不足大也。然世之人习知三者之大，而不信道之大也，故以实告之：人不若地，地不若天，天不若道，道不若自然。然使人一日复性，则此三者人皆足以尽之矣。", "citationFull": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "苏辙《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "故道大，天大，地大，王亦大" }, { "id": "c056", "block": 0, "source": "wucheng", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "有物混成，先天地生", "kind": "note", "text": "前章「道之為物」，物謂德也；此章「有物混成」，物謂道也。混，渾通；混成，謂不分判而完全也。先天地生，首章所謂「天地之始」，四章所謂「象帝之先」也。", "authorNote": "吳澄以此章為其第二十一章。", "citation": "吳澄《道德真經注》", "textSimp": "前章「道之为物」，物谓德也；此章「有物混成」，物谓道也。混，浑通；混成，谓不分判而完全也。先天地生，首章所谓「天地之始」，四章所谓「象帝之先」也。", "citationFull": "吳澄《道德真經注》（吳澄以此章為其第二十一章。）", "citationSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》", "authorNoteSimp": "吴澄以此章为其第二十一章。", "lemmaSimp": "有物混成，先天地生" }, { "id": "c057", "block": 0, "source": "wucheng", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "寂兮寥兮，獨立而不改，周行而不殆，可以為天下母", "kind": "note", "text": "寂，闃靜也；寥，虛廓也，言其無聲無形也。獨立乎萬物之表，無可與對而未嘗變易，故曰不改；周行乎萬物之中，無不遍及而未嘗窮匱，故曰不殆。天下母者，德也；而德者道所為，故為天下母。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "吳澄《道德真經注》", "textSimp": "寂，阒静也；寥，虚廓也，言其无声无形也。独立乎万物之表，无可与对而未尝变易，故曰不改；周行乎万物之中，无不遍及而未尝穷匮，故曰不殆。天下母者，德也；而德者道所为，故为天下母。", "citationFull": "吳澄《道德真經注》", "citationSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》", "lemmaSimp": "寂兮寥兮，独立而不改，周行而不殆，可以为天下母" }, { "id": "c058", "block": 0, "source": "wucheng", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "吾不知其名，字之曰道，強為之名曰大", "kind": "note", "text": "此物無可得而名者，以其天地萬物之所共由，於是假借道路之道以為之字。字者，名之副而非名也，字不足以盡之，不得已而強名之曰大。至大莫如天，而天亦在道之內，則天未為大也；此道其大無外而莫能載焉，故大之一言庶乎可以名之爾。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "吳澄《道德真經注》", "textSimp": "此物无可得而名者，以其天地万物之所共由，于是假借道路之道以为之字。字者，名之副而非名也，字不足以尽之，不得已而强名之曰大。至大莫如天，而天亦在道之内，则天未为大也；此道其大无外而莫能载焉，故大之一言庶乎可以名之尔。", "citationFull": "吳澄《道德真經注》", "citationSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》", "lemmaSimp": "吾不知其名，字之曰道，强为之名曰大" }, { "id": "c059", "block": 0, "source": "wucheng", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "大曰逝，逝曰遠，遠曰反", "kind": "note", "text": "逝，謂流行不息；遠，謂悠久無疆；反，謂無有無名。蓋萬有皆有，惟道皆無；無與有相反，故曰反。大之一言未足以盡道，故推言之，謂其大而不息，不息而久，久而無有，所以為道；若有則非道矣。下篇曰「反者道之動」，天下萬物生於有，有生於無。《莊子》曰「太初有無，無有無名」，蓋謂此也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "吳澄《道德真經注》", "textSimp": "逝，谓流行不息；远，谓悠久无疆；反，谓无有无名。盖万有皆有，惟道皆无；无与有相反，故曰反。大之一言未足以尽道，故推言之，谓其大而不息，不息而久，久而无有，所以为道；若有则非道矣。下篇曰「反者道之动」，天下万物生于有，有生于无。《庄子》曰「太初有无，无有无名」，盖谓此也。", "citationFull": "吳澄《道德真經注》", "citationSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》", "lemmaSimp": "大曰逝，逝曰远，远曰反" }, { "id": "c060", "block": 0, "source": "wucheng", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "故道大，天大，地大，王亦大", "kind": "note", "text": "王，謂聖人之有位者。古今惟道最大，無可與比，此以天地聖人與道並言而曰四大，何也？蓋天地得此道以為天地，聖人得此道以為聖人，其所以能大者，以其有此道也。王之下特加「亦」字，又特言「王居其一」，蓋氣之至大者天，形之至大者地，聖人之身眇然而立乎兩間，以其道同乎天地，故其大亦同乎天地，而不以氣形與身之大小論也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "吳澄《道德真經注》", "textSimp": "王，谓圣人之有位者。古今惟道最大，无可与比，此以天地圣人与道并言而曰四大，何也？盖天地得此道以为天地，圣人得此道以为圣人，其所以能大者，以其有此道也。王之下特加「亦」字，又特言「王居其一」，盖气之至大者天，形之至大者地，圣人之身眇然而立乎两间，以其道同乎天地，故其大亦同乎天地，而不以气形与身之大小论也。", "citationFull": "吳澄《道德真經注》", "citationSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》", "lemmaSimp": "故道大，天大，地大，王亦大" }, { "id": "c061", "block": 0, "source": "wucheng", "target": { "start": "s007", "end": "s007" }, "lemma": "人法地，地法天，天法道，道法自然", "kind": "note", "text": "人者，聖人也。法者，水平之準，與之平等如一也。人之所以大，以其得此道而與地一，故曰法地；地之所以大，以其得此道而與天一，故曰法天；天之所以大，以其與道一，故曰法道；道之所以大，以其自然，故曰法自然。非道之外別有自然也，自然者，無有無名是也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "吳澄《道德真經注》", "textSimp": "人者，圣人也。法者，水平之准，与之平等如一也。人之所以大，以其得此道而与地一，故曰法地；地之所以大，以其得此道而与天一，故曰法天；天之所以大，以其与道一，故曰法道；道之所以大，以其自然，故曰法自然。非道之外别有自然也，自然者，无有无名是也。", "citationFull": "吳澄《道德真經注》", "citationSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》", "lemmaSimp": "人法地，地法天，天法道，道法自然" }, { "id": "c062", "block": 0, "source": "hanshan", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s007" }, "lemma": "有物混成", "kind": "note", "text": "此承前言世俗之士，各以己見己是為得，曾不知大道之妙，非見聞可及，故此特示大道以曉之也。有物者，此指道之全體，本來無名，故但云有一物耳。渾渾淪淪，無有絲毫縫隙，故曰混成。未有天地，先有此物，故曰先天地生。且無聲不可聞，無色不可見，故曰寂寥。超然於萬物之上，而體常不變，故曰獨立而不改。且流行四時，而終古不窮，故曰周行而不殆。殆，窮盡也。天地萬物，皆從此中生，故曰可以為天下母。老子謂此物至妙至神，但不知是何物，故曰吾不知其名，特字之曰道。且又強名之曰大道耳。向下釋其大字。老子謂我說此大字，不是大小之大，乃是絕無邊表之大。往而窮之，無有盡處，故云大曰逝。向下又釋逝字。逝者遠而無所至極也，故云逝曰遠。遠則不可聞見，無聲無色，非耳目之所到，故云遠曰反。反，謂反一絕跡。道之極處，名亦不立，此道之所以為大也。然此大道，能生天生地，神鬼神王，是則不獨道大，而天地亦大；不獨天地大，而王亦大。故域中所稱大者有四，而王居其一焉。世人但知王大，而不知聖人取法於天地，此則天地又大於王；世人但知天地大，而不知天地自道中生，取法於道，此則道又大於天地也。雖然，道固為大，而猶有稱謂名字，至若離名絕字，方為至妙，合乎自然，故曰道法自然。且而大道之妙，如此廣大精微，而世人豈可以一曲之見，自見自是以為得哉？此其所以自見者不明，自是者不彰耳。", "authorNote": "憨山本作「而王處一焉」，此據其本轉錄為繁體。", "citation": "釋德清《道德經解》", "textSimp": "此承前言世俗之士，各以己见己是为得，曾不知大道之妙，非见闻可及，故此特示大道以晓之也。有物者，此指道之全体，本来无名，故但云有一物耳。浑浑沦沦，无有丝毫缝隙，故曰混成。未有天地，先有此物，故曰先天地生。且无声不可闻，无色不可见，故曰寂寥。超然于万物之上，而体常不变，故曰独立而不改。且流行四时，而终古不穷，故曰周行而不殆。殆，穷尽也。天地万物，皆从此中生，故曰可以为天下母。老子谓此物至妙至神，但不知是何物，故曰吾不知其名，特字之曰道。且又强名之曰大道耳。向下释其大字。老子谓我说此大字，不是大小之大，乃是绝无边表之大。往而穷之，无有尽处，故云大曰逝。向下又释逝字。逝者远而无所至极也，故云逝曰远。远则不可闻见，无声无色，非耳目之所到，故云远曰反。反，谓反一绝迹。道之极处，名亦不立，此道之所以为大也。然此大道，能生天生地，神鬼神王，是则不独道大，而天地亦大；不独天地大，而王亦大。故域中所称大者有四，而王居其一焉。世人但知王大，而不知圣人取法于天地，此则天地又大于王；世人但知天地大，而不知天地自道中生，取法于道，此则道又大于天地也。虽然，道固为大，而犹有称谓名字，至若离名绝字，方为至妙，合乎自然，故曰道法自然。且而大道之妙，如此广大精微，而世人岂可以一曲之见，自见自是以为得哉？此其所以自见者不明，自是者不彰耳。", "citationFull": "釋德清《道德經解》（憨山本作「而王處一焉」，此據其本轉錄為繁體。）", "citationSimp": "释德清《道德经解》", "authorNoteSimp": "憨山本作「而王处一焉」，此据其本转录为繁体。", "lemmaSimp": "有物混成" }, { "id": "c063", "block": 0, "source": "weiyuan", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s007" }, "lemma": "有物混成", "kind": "note", "text": "有物即前章「道之為物」也。混，渾同。先天地生，所謂「無名天地之始」也。寂兮無聲，寥兮無形也。體獨立而用周流，是則「有名萬物之母」也。名不可得，字之曰道。字者，代名之謂；道者，取於無物不由也。道不足以盡之，故又強名之曰大。乃自大而求之，則逝且遠矣；自遠而求之，則反而近矣。言其遠大，則天地莫能盡；言其反，則又具之人身而各足。蓋天得一以清，地得一以寧，侯王得一以為天下貞，是以人與三才參其大，惟其同法乎道故也。末四語以人法為主，蓋人性之大與天地參。前章言「知常容，容乃公，公乃王，王乃天，天乃道」，是王者人道之盡，而與天地同者也。言王者何以全其大乎？亦法天之無不覆，法地之無不載，法道之無不生成而已。道本自然，法道者亦法其自然而已。自然者，性之謂也。人而復性，則道之量無不全矣。非謂人與天地輾轉相法，而以道為天地之父、自然之子，並王為域中五大也。", "authorNote": "魏源以此章為其第二十一章，經文作「故天大地大，道大王亦大」「而王處其一焉」。", "citation": "魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "有物即前章「道之为物」也。混，浑同。先天地生，所谓「无名天地之始」也。寂兮无声，寥兮无形也。体独立而用周流，是则「有名万物之母」也。名不可得，字之曰道。字者，代名之谓；道者，取于无物不由也。道不足以尽之，故又强名之曰大。乃自大而求之，则逝且远矣；自远而求之，则反而近矣。言其远大，则天地莫能尽；言其反，则又具之人身而各足。盖天得一以清，地得一以宁，侯王得一以为天下贞，是以人与三才参其大，惟其同法乎道故也。末四语以人法为主，盖人性之大与天地参。前章言「知常容，容乃公，公乃王，王乃天，天乃道」，是王者人道之尽，而与天地同者也。言王者何以全其大乎？亦法天之无不覆，法地之无不载，法道之无不生成而已。道本自然，法道者亦法其自然而已。自然者，性之谓也。人而复性，则道之量无不全矣。非谓人与天地辗转相法，而以道为天地之父、自然之子，并王为域中五大也。", "citationFull": "魏源《老子本義》（魏源以此章為其第二十一章，經文作「故天大地大，道大王亦大」「而王處其一焉」。）", "citationSimp": "魏源《老子本义》", "authorNoteSimp": "魏源以此章为其第二十一章，经文作「故天大地大，道大王亦大」「而王处其一焉」。", "lemmaSimp": "有物混成" }, { "id": "c064", "block": 0, "source": "wangfuzhi", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s007" }, "lemma": "有物混成", "kind": "note", "text": "形象有間，道無間。道不擇有，亦不擇無，與之俱往。往而不息於往，故為逝，為遠，與之俱往矣。住而不悖其來，與之俱來，則逝遠之即反也。道既已如斯矣，法道者亦乘乘然而與之往來。而與之往來者，守常而天下自復，蓋不憂其數而不給矣。「載營魄，抱一而不離」，用此物也。近取之身，為艮背而不為機目；遠取之天地，為大制而不為剸割；故可以為天下王。", "authorNote": "王夫之本經文作「可以為天地母」「人亦大」「而人居其一焉」，並引鍾會說釋「獨立」「不改」「周行」「不殆」。", "citation": "王夫之《老子衍》", "textSimp": "形象有间，道无间。道不择有，亦不择无，与之俱往。往而不息于往，故为逝，为远，与之俱往矣。住而不悖其来，与之俱来，则逝远之即反也。道既已如斯矣，法道者亦乘乘然而与之往来。而与之往来者，守常而天下自复，盖不忧其数而不给矣。「载营魄，抱一而不离」，用此物也。近取之身，为艮背而不为机目；远取之天地，为大制而不为剸割；故可以为天下王。", "citationFull": "王夫之《老子衍》（王夫之本經文作「可以為天地母」「人亦大」「而人居其一焉」，並引鍾會說釋「獨立」「不改」「周行」「不殆」。）", "citationSimp": "王夫之《老子衍》", "authorNoteSimp": "王夫之本经文作「可以为天地母」「人亦大」「而人居其一焉」，并引钟会说释「独立」「不改」「周行」「不殆」。", "lemmaSimp": "有物混成" } ], "charNotes": [ { "id": "n001", "sentenceId": "s001", "start": 0, "end": 4, "char": "有物混成", "charSimp": "有物混成", "startSimp": 0, "endSimp": 4, "pinyin": "yǒu wù hùn chéng", "gloss": "有一個渾然一體的東西。物，指道；混成，渾然不可分而自成。", "glossSimp": "有一个浑然一体的东西。物，指道；混成，浑然不可分而自成。", "general": "王弼謂混然不可得而知、萬物由之以成；河上公謂道無形、混沌而成萬物；成玄英謂非有而有、非物而物，混而不混、成而不成；蘇轍謂混然而成體、其於人為性；吳澄謂混為渾、混成為不分判而完全。", "generalSimp": "王弼谓混然不可得而知、万物由之以成；河上公谓道无形、混沌而成万物；成玄英谓非有而有、非物而物，混而不混、成而不成；苏辙谓混然而成体、其于人为性；吴澄谓混为浑、混成为不分判而完全。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "王弼注", "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "蘇轍老子解", "吳澄道德真經注" ], "refsSimp": [ "王弼注", "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "苏辙老子解", "吴澄道德真经注" ] }, { "id": "n002", "sentenceId": "s001", "start": 5, "end": 9, "char": "先天地生", "charSimp": "先天地生", "startSimp": 5, "endSimp": 9, "pinyin": "xiān tiān dì shēng", "gloss": "在天地形成之前就已存在。", "glossSimp": "在天地形成之前就已存在。", "general": "河上公謂乃在天地之前；成玄英引《莊子》「在天地之先而不為老」；蘇轍謂未有知其生者、蓋湛然常存而天地生於其中；吳澄謂即首章「天地之始」、四章「象帝之先」。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓乃在天地之前；成玄英引《庄子》「在天地之先而不为老」；苏辙谓未有知其生者、盖湛然常存而天地生于其中；吴澄谓即首章「天地之始」、四章「象帝之先」。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "蘇轍老子解", "吳澄道德真經注" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "苏辙老子解", "吴澄道德真经注" ] }, { "id": "n003", "sentenceId": "s002", "start": 0, "end": 4, "char": "寂兮寥兮", "charSimp": "寂兮寥兮", "startSimp": 0, "endSimp": 4, "pinyin": "jì xī liáo xī", "gloss": "無聲無形。寂，無聲；寥，無形。", "glossSimp": "无声无形。寂，无声；寥，无形。", "general": "河上公謂寂者無音聲、寥者空無形；王弼注謂寂寥無形體；成玄英謂寂無聲、寥無形，形聲斯絕；吳澄謂寂為闃靜、寥為虛廓；憨山謂無聲不可聞、無色不可見。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓寂者无音声、寥者空无形；王弼注谓寂寥无形体；成玄英谓寂无声、寥无形，形声斯绝；吴澄谓寂为阒静、寥为虚廓；憨山谓无声不可闻、无色不可见。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "王弼注", "成玄英疏", "吳澄道德真經注", "憨山道德經解" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "王弼注", "成玄英疏", "吴澄道德真经注", "憨山道德经解" ] }, { "id": "n004", "sentenceId": "s002", "start": 5, "end": 10, "char": "獨立而不改", "charSimp": "独立而不改", "startSimp": 5, "endSimp": 10, "pinyin": "dú lì ér bù gǎi", "gloss": "獨立長存而永不改變。獨立，無與為匹；不改，不遷變。", "glossSimp": "独立长存而永不改变。独立，无与为匹；不改，不迁变。", "general": "王弼注謂無物之匹故曰獨立、返化終始不失其常故曰不改；河上公謂獨立者無匹雙、不改者化有常；成玄英謂獨立無待對、不改無遷變，此乃獨獨非待獨；李榮謂喪偶而無對、湛然而常存。", "generalSimp": "王弼注谓无物之匹故曰独立、返化终始不失其常故曰不改；河上公谓独立者无匹双、不改者化有常；成玄英谓独立无待对、不改无迁变，此乃独独非待独；李荣谓丧偶而无对、湛然而常存。", "variants": [ "獨立不改" ], "variantsSimp": [ "独立不改" ], "refs": [ "王弼注", "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "李榮注" ], "refsSimp": [ "王弼注", "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "李荣注" ] }, { "id": "n005", "sentenceId": "s002", "start": 11, "end": 16, "char": "周行而不殆", "charSimp": "周行而不殆", "startSimp": 11, "endSimp": 16, "pinyin": "zhōu xíng ér bù dài", "gloss": "循環運行而從不倦怠。周行，無所不至；殆，危殆、窮盡。", "glossSimp": "循环运行而从不倦怠。周行，无所不至；殆，危殆、穷尽。", "general": "王弼注謂周行無所不至而免殆；成玄英謂道無不在名曰周行、所在皆通故無危殆；憨山以殆為窮盡；吳澄謂無不遍及而未嘗窮匱。", "generalSimp": "王弼注谓周行无所不至而免殆；成玄英谓道无不在名曰周行、所在皆通故无危殆；憨山以殆为穷尽；吴澄谓无不遍及而未尝穷匮。", "variants": [ "周行不殆" ], "variantsSimp": [ "周行不殆" ], "refs": [ "王弼注", "成玄英疏", "憨山道德經解", "吳澄道德真經注" ], "refsSimp": [ "王弼注", "成玄英疏", "憨山道德经解", "吴澄道德真经注" ] }, { "id": "n006", "sentenceId": "s002", "start": 20, "end": 23, "char": "天下母", "charSimp": "天下母", "startSimp": 20, "endSimp": 23, "pinyin": "tiān xià mǔ", "gloss": "天下萬物的母親，指道生成、畜養萬物。", "glossSimp": "天下万物的母亲，指道生成、畜养万物。", "general": "王弼注謂能生全大形故可以為天下母；河上公未及；御疏謂母以茂養為義；成玄英謂生之畜之故可為母；吳澄謂天下母者德也、德者道所為。", "generalSimp": "王弼注谓能生全大形故可以为天下母；河上公未及；御疏谓母以茂养为义；成玄英谓生之畜之故可为母；吴澄谓天下母者德也、德者道所为。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "王弼注", "御疏", "成玄英疏", "吳澄道德真經注" ], "refsSimp": [ "王弼注", "御疏", "成玄英疏", "吴澄道德真经注" ] }, { "id": "n007", "sentenceId": "s003", "start": 6, "end": 10, "char": "字之曰道", "charSimp": "字之曰道", "startSimp": 6, "endSimp": 10, "pinyin": "zì zhī yuē dào", "gloss": "給它取字叫「道」。字，代名之稱；道，取萬物無不由之而行。", "glossSimp": "给它取字叫「道」。字，代名之称；道，取万物无不由之而行。", "general": "王弼注謂名以定形、字以稱可，言道取於無物而不由；河上公謂見萬物皆從道所生故字之曰道；成玄英謂取其通生之德；吳澄謂假借道路之道以為之字，字者名之副而非名；魏源謂字者代名之謂。", "generalSimp": "王弼注谓名以定形、字以称可，言道取于无物而不由；河上公谓见万物皆从道所生故字之曰道；成玄英谓取其通生之德；吴澄谓假借道路之道以为之字，字者名之副而非名；魏源谓字者代名之谓。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "王弼注", "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "吳澄道德真經注", "魏源老子本義" ], "refsSimp": [ "王弼注", "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "吴澄道德真经注", "魏源老子本义" ] }, { "id": "n008", "sentenceId": "s003", "start": 11, "end": 15, "char": "強為之名", "charSimp": "强为之名", "startSimp": 11, "endSimp": 15, "pinyin": "qiǎng wéi zhī míng", "gloss": "勉強給它命名。強，勉強、不得已。", "glossSimp": "勉强给它命名。强，勉强、不得已。", "general": "王弼注謂責其字定之所由則繫於大，有分則失其極，故曰強名；河上公謂不知而名曰強；成玄英謂體無涯際故名為大、故稱為強名；吳澄謂字不足以盡之，不得已而強名之曰大。", "generalSimp": "王弼注谓责其字定之所由则系于大，有分则失其极，故曰强名；河上公谓不知而名曰强；成玄英谓体无涯际故名为大、故称为强名；吴澄谓字不足以尽之，不得已而强名之曰大。", "variants": [ "強名之" ], "variantsSimp": [ "强名之" ], "refs": [ "王弼注", "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "吳澄道德真經注" ], "refsSimp": [ "王弼注", "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "吴澄道德真经注" ] }, { "id": "n009", "sentenceId": "s004", "start": 2, "end": 3, "char": "逝", "charSimp": "逝", "startSimp": 2, "endSimp": 3, "pinyin": "shì", "gloss": "流逝、運行而去。", "glossSimp": "流逝、运行而去。", "general": "王弼注謂逝，行也，不守一大體而已；河上公謂逝去無常處所；李榮謂即大求之而不得；吳澄謂流行不息。", "generalSimp": "王弼注谓逝，行也，不守一大体而已；河上公谓逝去无常处所；李荣谓即大求之而不得；吴澄谓流行不息。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "王弼注", "河上公注", "李榮注", "吳澄道德真經注" ], "refsSimp": [ "王弼注", "河上公注", "李荣注", "吴澄道德真经注" ] }, { "id": "n010", "sentenceId": "s004", "start": 10, "end": 11, "char": "反", "charSimp": "反", "startSimp": 10, "endSimp": 11, "pinyin": "fǎn", "gloss": "返回本原。一作「返」。", "glossSimp": "返回本原。一作「返」。", "general": "王弼注謂不隨於所適、其體獨立故曰反；河上公謂復返在人身；李榮謂體之近在於身故謂之返；吳澄謂反為無有無名，無與有相反；御疏引作「遠曰返」。", "generalSimp": "王弼注谓不随于所适、其体独立故曰反；河上公谓复返在人身；李荣谓体之近在于身故谓之返；吴澄谓反为无有无名，无与有相反；御疏引作「远曰返」。", "variants": [ "返" ], "variantsSimp": [ "返" ], "refs": [ "王弼注", "河上公注", "李榮注", "吳澄道德真經注", "御疏" ], "refsSimp": [ "王弼注", "河上公注", "李荣注", "吴澄道德真经注", "御疏" ] }, { "id": "n011", "sentenceId": "s005", "start": 10, "end": 13, "char": "王亦大", "charSimp": "王亦大", "startSimp": 10, "endSimp": 13, "pinyin": "wáng yì dà", "gloss": "王也是大的。王，人主；亦，同樣。", "glossSimp": "王也是大的。王，人主；亦，同样。", "general": "王弼注謂王是人之主，雖不職大亦復為大、與三匹；河上公謂王大者無不制；成玄英謂王大無不制也；吳澄謂王之下特加亦字，其道同乎天地故其大亦同。傅奕本作「人亦大」。", "generalSimp": "王弼注谓王是人之主，虽不职大亦复为大、与三匹；河上公谓王大者无不制；成玄英谓王大无不制也；吴澄谓王之下特加亦字，其道同乎天地故其大亦同。傅奕本作「人亦大」。", "variants": [ "人亦大" ], "variantsSimp": [ "人亦大" ], "refs": [ "王弼注", "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "吳澄道德真經注" ], "refsSimp": [ "王弼注", "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "吴澄道德真经注" ] }, { "id": "n012", "sentenceId": "s006", "start": 0, "end": 2, "char": "域中", "charSimp": "域中", "startSimp": 0, "endSimp": 2, "pinyin": "yù zhōng", "gloss": "限域之中，指宇宙之內。域，界域、範圍。", "glossSimp": "限域之中，指宇宙之内。域，界域、范围。", "general": "王弼注謂無稱不可得而名曰域，道天地王皆在無稱之內；御疏謂域者名也、名為體域，物無名外之體；成玄英謂欲明不域而域、雖域不域；陸希聲謂域中之云明道非六合之外。", "generalSimp": "王弼注谓无称不可得而名曰域，道天地王皆在无称之内；御疏谓域者名也、名为体域，物无名外之体；成玄英谓欲明不域而域、虽域不域；陆希声谓域中之云明道非六合之外。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "王弼注", "御疏", "成玄英疏", "陸希聲傳" ], "refsSimp": [ "王弼注", "御疏", "成玄英疏", "陆希声传" ] }, { "id": "n013", "sentenceId": "s007", "start": 1, "end": 2, "char": "法", "charSimp": "法", "startSimp": 1, "endSimp": 2, "pinyin": "fǎ", "gloss": "效法、取則。", "glossSimp": "效法、取则。", "general": "王弼注謂法謂法則也；河上公謂人當法地安靜和柔、天澹泊不動；成玄英謂道是迹、自然是本，以本收迹故義言法；吳澄謂法者水平之準、與之平等如一；呂惠卿謂以無法為法。", "generalSimp": "王弼注谓法谓法则也；河上公谓人当法地安静和柔、天澹泊不动；成玄英谓道是迹、自然是本，以本收迹故义言法；吴澄谓法者水平之准、与之平等如一；吕惠卿谓以无法为法。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "王弼注", "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "吳澄道德真經注", "呂惠卿傳" ], "refsSimp": [ "王弼注", "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "吴澄道德真经注", "吕惠卿传" ] }, { "id": "n014", "sentenceId": "s007", "start": 14, "end": 16, "char": "自然", "charSimp": "自然", "startSimp": 14, "endSimp": 16, "pinyin": "zì rán", "gloss": "自然而然，自己如此，無所仿效。", "glossSimp": "自然而然，自己如此，无所仿效。", "general": "王弼注謂自然者無稱之言、窮極之辭；河上公謂道性自然、無所法也；御疏謂自然者妙本之性、性非造作；吳澄謂自然者無有無名是也，非道之外別有自然；魏源謂自然者性之謂也。", "generalSimp": "王弼注谓自然者无称之言、穷极之辞；河上公谓道性自然、无所法也；御疏谓自然者妙本之性、性非造作；吴澄谓自然者无有无名是也，非道之外别有自然；魏源谓自然者性之谓也。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "王弼注", "河上公注", "御疏", "吳澄道德真經注", "魏源老子本義" ], "refsSimp": [ "王弼注", "河上公注", "御疏", "吴澄道德真经注", "魏源老子本义" ] } ], "glossary": { "有物混成": "有一個渾然一體的東西。物，指道；混成，渾然不可分而自成。", "先天地生": "在天地形成之前就已存在。", "寂兮寥兮": "無聲無形。寂，無聲；寥，無形。", "獨立而不改": "獨立長存而永不改變。獨立，無與為匹；不改，不遷變。", "周行而不殆": "循環運行而從不倦怠。周行，無所不至；殆，危殆、窮盡。", "天下母": "天下萬物的母親，指道生成、畜養萬物。", "字之曰道": "給它取字叫「道」。字，代名之稱；道，取萬物無不由之而行。", "強為之名": "勉強給它命名。強，勉強、不得已。", "逝": "流逝、運行而去。", "反": "返回本原。一作「返」。", "王亦大": "王也是大的。王，人主；亦，同樣。", "域中": "限域之中，指宇宙之內。域，界域、範圍。", "法": "效法、取則。", "自然": "自然而然，自己如此，無所仿效。" }, "collations": [ { "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "章次與章題", "text": "河上公題「象元第二十五」，唐玄宗題「有物混成章第二十五」，王弼本無章題。吳澄、魏源以此章為其第二十一章，吳澄章末署「右第二十一章」，魏源亦署「右第二十一章」。本站從王弼本分章。", "source": "河上公《老子道德經章句》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、王弼《老子道德經注》、吳澄《道德真經注》、魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "河上公题「象元第二十五」，唐玄宗题「有物混成章第二十五」，王弼本无章题。吴澄、魏源以此章为其第二十一章，吴澄章末署「右第二十一章」，魏源亦署「右第二十一章」。本站从王弼本分章。", "headwordSimp": "章次与章题", "sourceSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、王弼《老子道德经注》、吴澄《道德真经注》、魏源《老子本义》", "id": "k001" }, { "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "「獨立不改」與「獨立而不改」", "text": "王弼道藏本經文作「獨立不改」，無「而」字，魏源校語云「王弼無而字」；河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之諸本並有「而」字。正文從通行本作「獨立而不改」。", "source": "王弼《老子道德經注》、河上公《老子道德經章句》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》、王夫之《老子衍》", "textSimp": "王弼道藏本经文作「独立不改」，无「而」字，魏源校语云「王弼无而字」；河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之诸本并有「而」字。正文从通行本作「独立而不改」。", "headwordSimp": "「独立不改」与「独立而不改」", "sourceSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》、河上公《老子道德经章句》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》、王夫之《老子衍》", "id": "k002" }, { "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "「周行而不殆」與「周行不殆」", "text": "李榮道藏本經文作「周行不殆」，無「而」字；王弼、河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之諸本並有「而」字。正文從通行本。", "source": "李榮《道德真經注》、王弼《老子道德經注》、河上公《老子道德經章句》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》、王夫之《老子衍》", "textSimp": "李荣道藏本经文作「周行不殆」，无「而」字；王弼、河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之诸本并有「而」字。正文从通行本。", "headwordSimp": "「周行而不殆」与「周行不殆」", "sourceSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》、王弼《老子道德经注》、河上公《老子道德经章句》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》、王夫之《老子衍》", "id": "k003" }, { "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "王弼注「寂寞」與「免殆」", "text": "王弼道藏本注作「寂寞無形體也」，與經文「寂兮寥兮」異；又注作「周行無所不至而免殆」，與經文「不殆」異。今存其舊。", "source": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "王弼道藏本注作「寂寞无形体也」，与经文「寂兮寥兮」异；又注作「周行无所不至而免殆」，与经文「不殆」异。今存其旧。", "headwordSimp": "王弼注「寂寞」与「免殆」", "sourceSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》（《道藏》本）", "id": "k004" }, { "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "河上公注經注相連", "text": "《玄德纂疏》所引河上公注以「寂兮寥兮獨立而不改」重出經文起句，經注相連，今析存注文。", "source": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "《玄德纂疏》所引河上公注以「寂兮寥兮独立而不改」重出经文起句，经注相连，今析存注文。", "headwordSimp": "河上公注经注相连", "sourceSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（《玄德纂疏》所引）", "id": "k005" }, { "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "「字之曰道」上有「故強」二字", "text": "傅奕本「字之曰道」上有「故強」二字，魏源校語云「字之上，傅奕有故強二字」；諸本無。正文從王弼本。", "source": "王弼《老子道德經注》、河上公《老子道德經章句》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》、王夫之《老子衍》", "textSimp": "傅奕本「字之曰道」上有「故强」二字，魏源校语云「字之上，傅奕有故强二字」；诸本无。正文从王弼本。", "headwordSimp": "「字之曰道」上有「故强」二字", "sourceSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》、河上公《老子道德经章句》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、李荣《道德真经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》、王夫之《老子衍》", "id": "k006" }, { "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "「強為之名曰大」與「吾強為之名曰大」", "text": "李榮道藏本經文作「吾強為之名曰大」，上有「吾」字；一本作「強名之」（魏源校語引司馬、程俱本）。正文從王弼本作「強為之名曰大」。", "source": "李榮《道德真經注》、王弼《老子道德經注》、魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "李荣道藏本经文作「吾强为之名曰大」，上有「吾」字；一本作「强名之」（魏源校语引司马、程俱本）。正文从王弼本作「强为之名曰大」。", "headwordSimp": "「强为之名曰大」与「吾强为之名曰大」", "sourceSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》、王弼《老子道德经注》、魏源《老子本义》", "id": "k007" }, { "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "「反」與「返」", "text": "王弼、成玄英、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄諸本作「遠曰反」；河上公、傅奕本作「遠曰返」（據魏源校語），李榮道藏本亦作「返」，御疏引經作「返」。正文從王弼本作「反」。", "source": "王弼《老子道德經注》、河上公《老子道德經章句》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "王弼、成玄英、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄诸本作「远曰反」；河上公、傅奕本作「远曰返」（据魏源校语），李荣道藏本亦作「返」，御疏引经作「返」。正文从王弼本作「反」。", "headwordSimp": "「反」与「返」", "sourceSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》、河上公《老子道德经章句》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、李荣《道德真经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、魏源《老子本义》", "id": "k008" }, { "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "「王亦大」與「人亦大」", "text": "王弼、河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山、魏源諸本作「王亦大」；傅奕本作「人亦大」，王夫之本從之，魏源校語云「王字，傅奕作人字」。正文從王弼本作「王」。", "source": "王弼《老子道德經注》、河上公《老子道德經章句》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》、王夫之《老子衍》", "textSimp": "王弼、河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、憨山、魏源诸本作「王亦大」；傅奕本作「人亦大」，王夫之本从之，魏源校语云「王字，傅奕作人字」。正文从王弼本作「王」。", "headwordSimp": "「王亦大」与「人亦大」", "sourceSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》、河上公《老子道德经章句》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》、王夫之《老子衍》", "id": "k009" }, { "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "「道大」句序", "text": "王弼、河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山諸本作「故道大，天大，地大，王亦大」；魏源從傅奕本作「故天大地大，道大王亦大」，其校語云「河上王弼諸本，道大在天大地大之上」。正文從王弼本。", "source": "王弼《老子道德經注》、河上公《老子道德經章句》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "王弼、河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、憨山诸本作「故道大，天大，地大，王亦大」；魏源从傅奕本作「故天大地大，道大王亦大」，其校语云「河上王弼诸本，道大在天大地大之上」。正文从王弼本。", "headwordSimp": "「道大」句序", "sourceSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》、河上公《老子道德经章句》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》", "id": "k010" }, { "sentenceId": "s006", "headword": "「居其一焉」與「處其一焉」", "text": "王弼、河上公作「而王居其一焉」；憨山本作「而王處一焉」，魏源本作「而王處其一焉」，魏源校語云「河上王弼處字作居」，其本從《淮南子》；呂惠卿、蘇轍本作「而王居一焉」，無「其」字；陸希聲本句上有「故」字。正文從王弼本。", "source": "王弼《老子道德經注》、河上公《老子道德經章句》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "王弼、河上公作「而王居其一焉」；憨山本作「而王处一焉」，魏源本作「而王处其一焉」，魏源校语云「河上王弼处字作居」，其本从《淮南子》；吕惠卿、苏辙本作「而王居一焉」，无「其」字；陆希声本句上有「故」字。正文从王弼本。", "headwordSimp": "「居其一焉」与「处其一焉」", "sourceSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》、河上公《老子道德经章句》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》", "id": "k011" }, { "sentenceId": "s006", "headword": "嚴遵輯文僅一條", "text": "嚴遵《指歸》道經原卷缺佚，此章《玄德纂疏》於「域中有四大而王居其一焉」下僅輯存「功德同也」一條，無法具錄全章注文。", "source": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》輯文）", "textSimp": "严遵《指归》道经原卷缺佚，此章《玄德纂疏》于「域中有四大而王居其一焉」下仅辑存「功德同也」一条，无法具录全章注文。", "headwordSimp": "严遵辑文仅一条", "sourceSimp": "严遵《道德真经指归》（《玄德纂疏》辑文）", "id": "k012" } ], "glossarySimp": { "有物混成": "有一个浑然一体的东西。物，指道；混成，浑然不可分而自成。", "先天地生": "在天地形成之前就已存在。", "寂兮寥兮": "无声无形。寂，无声；寥，无形。", "独立而不改": "独立长存而永不改变。独立，无与为匹；不改，不迁变。", "周行而不殆": "循环运行而从不倦怠。周行，无所不至；殆，危殆、穷尽。", "天下母": "天下万物的母亲，指道生成、畜养万物。", "字之曰道": "给它取字叫「道」。字，代名之称；道，取万物无不由之而行。", "强为之名": "勉强给它命名。强，勉强、不得已。", "逝": "流逝、运行而去。", "反": "返回本原。一作「返」。", "王亦大": "王也是大的。王，人主；亦，同样。", "域中": "限域之中，指宇宙之内。域，界域、范围。", "法": "效法、取则。", "自然": "自然而然，自己如此，无所仿效。" }, "lexicon": { "note": "由构建脚本从字词注与常用字表生成，供义位词典和开放数据集使用；occurrence 统计按繁体与简体正文分别匹配后合并。", "entries": [ { "order": 1, "id": "n001", "noteId": "n001", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "有物混成", "headwordSimp": "有物混成", "pinyin": "yǒu wù hùn chéng", "gloss": "有一個渾然一體的東西。物，指道；混成，渾然不可分而自成。", "glossSimp": "有一个浑然一体的东西。物，指道；混成，浑然不可分而自成。", "general": "王弼謂混然不可得而知、萬物由之以成；河上公謂道無形、混沌而成萬物；成玄英謂非有而有、非物而物，混而不混、成而不成；蘇轍謂混然而成體、其於人為性；吳澄謂混為渾、混成為不分判而完全。", "generalSimp": "王弼谓混然不可得而知、万物由之以成；河上公谓道无形、混沌而成万物；成玄英谓非有而有、非物而物，混而不混、成而不成；苏辙谓混然而成体、其于人为性；吴澄谓混为浑、混成为不分判而完全。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "王弼注", "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "蘇轍老子解", "吳澄道德真經注" ], "refsSimp": [ "王弼注", "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "苏辙老子解", "吴澄道德真经注" ], "forms": [ { "form": "有物混成", "formSimp": "有物混成", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 2, "id": "n002", "noteId": "n002", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "先天地生", "headwordSimp": "先天地生", "pinyin": "xiān tiān dì shēng", "gloss": "在天地形成之前就已存在。", "glossSimp": "在天地形成之前就已存在。", "general": "河上公謂乃在天地之前；成玄英引《莊子》「在天地之先而不為老」；蘇轍謂未有知其生者、蓋湛然常存而天地生於其中；吳澄謂即首章「天地之始」、四章「象帝之先」。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓乃在天地之前；成玄英引《庄子》「在天地之先而不为老」；苏辙谓未有知其生者、盖湛然常存而天地生于其中；吴澄谓即首章「天地之始」、四章「象帝之先」。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "蘇轍老子解", "吳澄道德真經注" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "苏辙老子解", "吴澄道德真经注" ], "forms": [ { "form": "先天地生", "formSimp": "先天地生", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 3, "id": "n003", "noteId": "n003", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "寂兮寥兮", "headwordSimp": "寂兮寥兮", "pinyin": "jì xī liáo xī", "gloss": "無聲無形。寂，無聲；寥，無形。", "glossSimp": "无声无形。寂，无声；寥，无形。", "general": "河上公謂寂者無音聲、寥者空無形；王弼注謂寂寥無形體；成玄英謂寂無聲、寥無形，形聲斯絕；吳澄謂寂為闃靜、寥為虛廓；憨山謂無聲不可聞、無色不可見。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓寂者无音声、寥者空无形；王弼注谓寂寥无形体；成玄英谓寂无声、寥无形，形声斯绝；吴澄谓寂为阒静、寥为虚廓；憨山谓无声不可闻、无色不可见。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "河上公注", "王弼注", "成玄英疏", "吳澄道德真經注", "憨山道德經解" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "王弼注", "成玄英疏", "吴澄道德真经注", "憨山道德经解" ], "forms": [ { "form": "寂兮寥兮", "formSimp": "寂兮寥兮", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 4, "id": "n004", "noteId": "n004", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "獨立而不改", "headwordSimp": "独立而不改", "pinyin": "dú lì ér bù gǎi", "gloss": "獨立長存而永不改變。獨立，無與為匹；不改，不遷變。", "glossSimp": "独立长存而永不改变。独立，无与为匹；不改，不迁变。", "general": "王弼注謂無物之匹故曰獨立、返化終始不失其常故曰不改；河上公謂獨立者無匹雙、不改者化有常；成玄英謂獨立無待對、不改無遷變，此乃獨獨非待獨；李榮謂喪偶而無對、湛然而常存。", "generalSimp": "王弼注谓无物之匹故曰独立、返化终始不失其常故曰不改；河上公谓独立者无匹双、不改者化有常；成玄英谓独立无待对、不改无迁变，此乃独独非待独；李荣谓丧偶而无对、湛然而常存。", "variants": [ "獨立不改" ], "variantsSimp": [ "独立不改" ], "refs": [ "王弼注", "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "李榮注" ], "refsSimp": [ "王弼注", "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "李荣注" ], "forms": [ { "form": "獨立而不改", "formSimp": "独立而不改", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 5, "id": "n005", "noteId": "n005", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "周行而不殆", "headwordSimp": "周行而不殆", "pinyin": "zhōu xíng ér bù dài", "gloss": "循環運行而從不倦怠。周行，無所不至；殆，危殆、窮盡。", "glossSimp": "循环运行而从不倦怠。周行，无所不至；殆，危殆、穷尽。", "general": "王弼注謂周行無所不至而免殆；成玄英謂道無不在名曰周行、所在皆通故無危殆；憨山以殆為窮盡；吳澄謂無不遍及而未嘗窮匱。", "generalSimp": "王弼注谓周行无所不至而免殆；成玄英谓道无不在名曰周行、所在皆通故无危殆；憨山以殆为穷尽；吴澄谓无不遍及而未尝穷匮。", "variants": [ "周行不殆" ], "variantsSimp": [ "周行不殆" ], "refs": [ "王弼注", "成玄英疏", "憨山道德經解", "吳澄道德真經注" ], "refsSimp": [ "王弼注", "成玄英疏", "憨山道德经解", "吴澄道德真经注" ], "forms": [ { "form": "周行而不殆", "formSimp": "周行而不殆", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 6, "id": "n006", "noteId": "n006", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "天下母", "headwordSimp": "天下母", "pinyin": "tiān xià mǔ", "gloss": "天下萬物的母親，指道生成、畜養萬物。", "glossSimp": "天下万物的母亲，指道生成、畜养万物。", "general": "王弼注謂能生全大形故可以為天下母；河上公未及；御疏謂母以茂養為義；成玄英謂生之畜之故可為母；吳澄謂天下母者德也、德者道所為。", "generalSimp": "王弼注谓能生全大形故可以为天下母；河上公未及；御疏谓母以茂养为义；成玄英谓生之畜之故可为母；吴澄谓天下母者德也、德者道所为。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "王弼注", "御疏", "成玄英疏", "吳澄道德真經注" ], "refsSimp": [ "王弼注", "御疏", "成玄英疏", "吴澄道德真经注" ], "forms": [ { "form": "天下母", "formSimp": "天下母", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 7, "id": "n007", "noteId": "n007", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "字之曰道", "headwordSimp": "字之曰道", "pinyin": "zì zhī yuē dào", "gloss": "給它取字叫「道」。字，代名之稱；道，取萬物無不由之而行。", "glossSimp": "给它取字叫「道」。字，代名之称；道，取万物无不由之而行。", "general": "王弼注謂名以定形、字以稱可，言道取於無物而不由；河上公謂見萬物皆從道所生故字之曰道；成玄英謂取其通生之德；吳澄謂假借道路之道以為之字，字者名之副而非名；魏源謂字者代名之謂。", "generalSimp": "王弼注谓名以定形、字以称可，言道取于无物而不由；河上公谓见万物皆从道所生故字之曰道；成玄英谓取其通生之德；吴澄谓假借道路之道以为之字，字者名之副而非名；魏源谓字者代名之谓。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "王弼注", "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "吳澄道德真經注", "魏源老子本義" ], "refsSimp": [ "王弼注", "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "吴澄道德真经注", "魏源老子本义" ], "forms": [ { "form": "字之曰道", "formSimp": "字之曰道", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 8, "id": "n008", "noteId": "n008", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "強為之名", "headwordSimp": "强为之名", "pinyin": "qiǎng wéi zhī míng", "gloss": "勉強給它命名。強，勉強、不得已。", "glossSimp": "勉强给它命名。强，勉强、不得已。", "general": "王弼注謂責其字定之所由則繫於大，有分則失其極，故曰強名；河上公謂不知而名曰強；成玄英謂體無涯際故名為大、故稱為強名；吳澄謂字不足以盡之，不得已而強名之曰大。", "generalSimp": "王弼注谓责其字定之所由则系于大，有分则失其极，故曰强名；河上公谓不知而名曰强；成玄英谓体无涯际故名为大、故称为强名；吴澄谓字不足以尽之，不得已而强名之曰大。", "variants": [ "強名之" ], "variantsSimp": [ "强名之" ], "refs": [ "王弼注", "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "吳澄道德真經注" ], "refsSimp": [ "王弼注", "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "吴澄道德真经注" ], "forms": [ { "form": "強為之名", "formSimp": "强为之名", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 9, "id": "n009", "noteId": "n009", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "逝", "headwordSimp": "逝", "pinyin": "shì", "gloss": "流逝、運行而去。", "glossSimp": "流逝、运行而去。", "general": "王弼注謂逝，行也，不守一大體而已；河上公謂逝去無常處所；李榮謂即大求之而不得；吳澄謂流行不息。", "generalSimp": "王弼注谓逝，行也，不守一大体而已；河上公谓逝去无常处所；李荣谓即大求之而不得；吴澄谓流行不息。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "王弼注", "河上公注", "李榮注", "吳澄道德真經注" ], "refsSimp": [ "王弼注", "河上公注", "李荣注", "吴澄道德真经注" ], "forms": [ { "form": "逝", "formSimp": "逝", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 10, "id": "n010", "noteId": "n010", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "反", "headwordSimp": "反", "pinyin": "fǎn", "gloss": "返回本原。一作「返」。", "glossSimp": "返回本原。一作「返」。", "general": "王弼注謂不隨於所適、其體獨立故曰反；河上公謂復返在人身；李榮謂體之近在於身故謂之返；吳澄謂反為無有無名，無與有相反；御疏引作「遠曰返」。", "generalSimp": "王弼注谓不随于所适、其体独立故曰反；河上公谓复返在人身；李荣谓体之近在于身故谓之返；吴澄谓反为无有无名，无与有相反；御疏引作「远曰返」。", "variants": [ "返" ], "variantsSimp": [ "返" ], "refs": [ "王弼注", "河上公注", "李榮注", "吳澄道德真經注", "御疏" ], "refsSimp": [ "王弼注", "河上公注", "李荣注", "吴澄道德真经注", "御疏" ], "forms": [ { "form": "反", "formSimp": "反", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 11, "id": "n011", "noteId": "n011", "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "王亦大", "headwordSimp": "王亦大", "pinyin": "wáng yì dà", "gloss": "王也是大的。王，人主；亦，同樣。", "glossSimp": "王也是大的。王，人主；亦，同样。", "general": "王弼注謂王是人之主，雖不職大亦復為大、與三匹；河上公謂王大者無不制；成玄英謂王大無不制也；吳澄謂王之下特加亦字，其道同乎天地故其大亦同。傅奕本作「人亦大」。", "generalSimp": "王弼注谓王是人之主，虽不职大亦复为大、与三匹；河上公谓王大者无不制；成玄英谓王大无不制也；吴澄谓王之下特加亦字，其道同乎天地故其大亦同。傅奕本作「人亦大」。", "variants": [ "人亦大" ], "variantsSimp": [ "人亦大" ], "refs": [ "王弼注", "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "吳澄道德真經注" ], "refsSimp": [ "王弼注", "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "吴澄道德真经注" ], "forms": [ { "form": "王亦大", "formSimp": "王亦大", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s005" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s005" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 12, "id": "n012", "noteId": "n012", "sentenceId": "s006", "headword": "域中", "headwordSimp": "域中", "pinyin": "yù zhōng", "gloss": "限域之中，指宇宙之內。域，界域、範圍。", "glossSimp": "限域之中，指宇宙之内。域，界域、范围。", "general": "王弼注謂無稱不可得而名曰域，道天地王皆在無稱之內；御疏謂域者名也、名為體域，物無名外之體；成玄英謂欲明不域而域、雖域不域；陸希聲謂域中之云明道非六合之外。", "generalSimp": "王弼注谓无称不可得而名曰域，道天地王皆在无称之内；御疏谓域者名也、名为体域，物无名外之体；成玄英谓欲明不域而域、虽域不域；陆希声谓域中之云明道非六合之外。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "王弼注", "御疏", "成玄英疏", "陸希聲傳" ], "refsSimp": [ "王弼注", "御疏", "成玄英疏", "陆希声传" ], "forms": [ { "form": "域中", "formSimp": "域中", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s006" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s006" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 13, "id": "n013", "noteId": "n013", "sentenceId": "s007", "headword": "法", "headwordSimp": "法", "pinyin": "fǎ", "gloss": "效法、取則。", "glossSimp": "效法、取则。", "general": "王弼注謂法謂法則也；河上公謂人當法地安靜和柔、天澹泊不動；成玄英謂道是迹、自然是本，以本收迹故義言法；吳澄謂法者水平之準、與之平等如一；呂惠卿謂以無法為法。", "generalSimp": "王弼注谓法谓法则也；河上公谓人当法地安静和柔、天澹泊不动；成玄英谓道是迹、自然是本，以本收迹故义言法；吴澄谓法者水平之准、与之平等如一；吕惠卿谓以无法为法。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "王弼注", "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "吳澄道德真經注", "呂惠卿傳" ], "refsSimp": [ "王弼注", "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "吴澄道德真经注", "吕惠卿传" ], "forms": [ { "form": "法", "formSimp": "法", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s007" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s007" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 14, "id": "n014", "noteId": "n014", "sentenceId": "s007", "headword": "自然", "headwordSimp": "自然", "pinyin": "zì rán", "gloss": "自然而然，自己如此，無所仿效。", "glossSimp": "自然而然，自己如此，无所仿效。", "general": "王弼注謂自然者無稱之言、窮極之辭；河上公謂道性自然、無所法也；御疏謂自然者妙本之性、性非造作；吳澄謂自然者無有無名是也，非道之外別有自然；魏源謂自然者性之謂也。", "generalSimp": "王弼注谓自然者无称之言、穷极之辞；河上公谓道性自然、无所法也；御疏谓自然者妙本之性、性非造作；吴澄谓自然者无有无名是也，非道之外别有自然；魏源谓自然者性之谓也。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "王弼注", "河上公注", "御疏", "吳澄道德真經注", "魏源老子本義" ], "refsSimp": [ "王弼注", "河上公注", "御疏", "吴澄道德真经注", "魏源老子本义" ], "forms": [ { "form": "自然", "formSimp": "自然", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s007" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s007" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 } ], "glossaryEntries": [ { "order": 15, "id": "g001", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "有物混成", "headwordSimp": "有物混成", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "有一個渾然一體的東西。物，指道；混成，渾然不可分而自成。", "glossSimp": "有一个浑然一体的东西。物，指道；混成，浑然不可分而自成。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "有物混成", "formSimp": "有物混成", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 16, "id": "g002", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "先天地生", "headwordSimp": "先天地生", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "在天地形成之前就已存在。", "glossSimp": "在天地形成之前就已存在。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "先天地生", "formSimp": "先天地生", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 17, "id": "g003", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "寂兮寥兮", "headwordSimp": "寂兮寥兮", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "無聲無形。寂，無聲；寥，無形。", "glossSimp": "无声无形。寂，无声；寥，无形。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "寂兮寥兮", "formSimp": "寂兮寥兮", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 18, "id": "g004", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "獨立而不改", "headwordSimp": "独立而不改", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "獨立長存而永不改變。獨立，無與為匹；不改，不遷變。", "glossSimp": "独立长存而永不改变。独立，无与为匹；不改，不迁变。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "獨立而不改", "formSimp": "独立而不改", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 19, "id": "g005", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "周行而不殆", "headwordSimp": "周行而不殆", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "循環運行而從不倦怠。周行，無所不至；殆，危殆、窮盡。", "glossSimp": "循环运行而从不倦怠。周行，无所不至；殆，危殆、穷尽。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "周行而不殆", "formSimp": "周行而不殆", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 20, "id": "g006", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "天下母", "headwordSimp": "天下母", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "天下萬物的母親，指道生成、畜養萬物。", "glossSimp": "天下万物的母亲，指道生成、畜养万物。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "天下母", "formSimp": "天下母", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 21, "id": "g007", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "字之曰道", "headwordSimp": "字之曰道", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "給它取字叫「道」。字，代名之稱；道，取萬物無不由之而行。", "glossSimp": "给它取字叫「道」。字，代名之称；道，取万物无不由之而行。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "字之曰道", "formSimp": "字之曰道", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 22, "id": "g008", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "強為之名", "headwordSimp": "强为之名", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "勉強給它命名。強，勉強、不得已。", "glossSimp": "勉强给它命名。强，勉强、不得已。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "強為之名", "formSimp": "强为之名", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 23, "id": "g009", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "逝", "headwordSimp": "逝", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "流逝、運行而去。", "glossSimp": "流逝、运行而去。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "逝", "formSimp": "逝", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 24, "id": "g010", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "反", "headwordSimp": "反", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "返回本原。一作「返」。", "glossSimp": "返回本原。一作「返」。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "反", "formSimp": "反", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 25, "id": "g011", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "王亦大", "headwordSimp": "王亦大", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "王也是大的。王，人主；亦，同樣。", "glossSimp": "王也是大的。王，人主；亦，同样。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "王亦大", "formSimp": "王亦大", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s005" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s005" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 26, "id": "g012", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s006", "headword": "域中", "headwordSimp": "域中", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "限域之中，指宇宙之內。域，界域、範圍。", "glossSimp": "限域之中，指宇宙之内。域，界域、范围。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "域中", "formSimp": "域中", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s006" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s006" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 27, "id": "g013", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s007", "headword": "法", "headwordSimp": "法", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "效法、取則。", "glossSimp": "效法、取则。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "法", "formSimp": "法", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s007" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s007" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 28, "id": "g014", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s007", "headword": "自然", "headwordSimp": "自然", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "自然而然，自己如此，無所仿效。", "glossSimp": "自然而然，自己如此，无所仿效。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "自然", "formSimp": "自然", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s007" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s007" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 } ] }, "relations": { "version": "1.0.0", "note": "第二十五章七句的十三家對照。嚴遵此章《玄德纂疏》僅輯存「域中有四大而王居其一焉」下「功德同也」一條；河上公、王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮逐句分疏，蘇轍、吳澄分段作注；陸希聲、呂惠卿、憨山、魏源、王夫之各以整章一段通釋。諸家釋「混成」有混然、混沌、非有而有之別，釋「獨立不改」有無物之匹、無待對之別，釋「大」有高而無上、包含無外、不得已強名之別，釋「反」有反本、反無、反躬之別，釋四大有「王亦大」與「人亦大」之異，釋「道法自然」有轉相效法與道性自然之異；大旨歸於道體先天地而無名，聖人法之以自然。", "concepts": [ { "id": "you-wu-hun-cheng-xian-tian-di-sheng", "name": "有物混成，先天地生", "nameTrad": "有物混成，先天地生", "question": "「有物混成」的「物」是指道，還是氣形質未分之實？「先天地生」是時間在先，還是邏輯上的本原？", "questionTrad": "「有物混成」的「物」是指道，還是氣形質未分之實？「先天地生」是時間在先，還是邏輯上的本原？", "intro": "河上公謂道無形，混沌而成萬物，乃在天地之前。王弼謂混然不可得而知，而萬物由之以成，故曰混成；不知其誰之子，故先天地生。成玄英謂道非有而有、非物而物，混而不混、成而不成，即此混成之道在天地先，並引《莊子》「神鬼神帝，生天生地」「在天地之先而不為老」。唐玄宗御注謂有物混然而成，含孕一切，尋其生化乃在天地之先；御疏謂有物即虛極妙本，含孕眾象。李榮謂道唯怳唯惚，不可以有無議、不可以陰陽辯，混沌無形，自然而得。陸希聲引《易》「易有太極，是生兩儀」，謂混成之物生於天地之先。呂惠卿謂炁形質渾淪而未相離，視之不見、聽之不聞、摶之不得，故不知其名。蘇轍謂道非清濁高下，混然而成體，其於人為性，湛然常存而天地生於其中。吳澄謂混為渾、混成為不分判而完全，即首章「天地之始」、四章「象帝之先」。憨山謂道之全體本來無名，渾渾淪淪無有縫隙，未有天地先有此物。魏源謂有物即前章「道之為物」，混渾同，先天地生即「無名天地之始」。王夫之謂形象有間、道無間，道不擇有無而與之俱往。諸家皆以「物」為道之假稱，非有形之器物。", "introTrad": "河上公謂道無形，混沌而成萬物，乃在天地之前。王弼謂混然不可得而知，而萬物由之以成，故曰混成；不知其誰之子，故先天地生。成玄英謂道非有而有、非物而物，混而不混、成而不成，即此混成之道在天地先，並引《莊子》「神鬼神帝，生天生地」「在天地之先而不為老」。唐玄宗御注謂有物混然而成，含孕一切，尋其生化乃在天地之先；御疏謂有物即虛極妙本，含孕眾象。李榮謂道唯怳唯惚，不可以有無議、不可以陰陽辯，混沌無形，自然而得。陸希聲引《易》「易有太極，是生兩儀」，謂混成之物生於天地之先。呂惠卿謂炁形質渾淪而未相離，視之不見、聽之不聞、摶之不得，故不知其名。蘇轍謂道非清濁高下，混然而成體，其於人為性，湛然常存而天地生於其中。吳澄謂混為渾、混成為不分判而完全，即首章「天地之始」、四章「象帝之先」。憨山謂道之全體本來無名，渾渾淪淪無有縫隙，未有天地先有此物。魏源謂有物即前章「道之為物」，混渾同，先天地生即「無名天地之始」。王夫之謂形象有間、道無間，道不擇有無而與之俱往。諸家皆以「物」為道之假稱，非有形之器物。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "道無形，混沌而成萬物，乃在天地之前。", "thesisTrad": "道無形，混沌而成萬物，乃在天地之前。", "noteIds": [ "c013" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "道无形，混沌而成万物，乃在天地之前。" }, "wangbi": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "混然不可得而知而萬物由之以成，不知其誰之子，故先天地生。", "thesisTrad": "混然不可得而知而萬物由之以成，不知其誰之子，故先天地生。", "noteIds": [ "c001" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "混然不可得而知而万物由之以成，不知其谁之子，故先天地生。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "道非有而有、非物而物，混而不混、成而不成，在天地先而先不生生。", "thesisTrad": "道非有而有、非物而物，混而不混、成而不成，在天地先而先不生生。", "noteIds": [ "c020" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "道非有而有、非物而物，混而不混、成而不成，在天地先而先不生生。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "有物混然而成，含孕一切，尋其生化乃在天地之先。", "thesisTrad": "有物混然而成，含孕一切，尋其生化乃在天地之先。", "noteIds": [ "c027", "c034" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "有物混然而成，含孕一切，寻其生化乃在天地之先。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "道唯怳唯惚，不可以有無議、不可以陰陽辯，混沌無形，自然而得。", "thesisTrad": "道唯怳唯惚，不可以有無議、不可以陰陽辯，混沌無形，自然而得。", "noteIds": [ "c042" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "道唯怳唯惚，不可以有无议、不可以阴阳辩，混沌无形，自然而得。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "《易》有太極是生兩儀，混成之物生於天地之先。", "thesisTrad": "《易》有太極是生兩儀，混成之物生於天地之先。", "noteIds": [ "c049" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "《易》有太极是生两仪，混成之物生于天地之先。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "炁形質渾淪未相離，視聽摶皆不可得，故不知其名。", "thesisTrad": "炁形質渾淪未相離，視聽摶皆不可得，故不知其名。", "noteIds": [ "c050" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "炁形质浑沦未相离，视听抟皆不可得，故不知其名。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "道混然而成體，其於人為性，湛然常存而天地生於其中。", "thesisTrad": "道混然而成體，其於人為性，湛然常存而天地生於其中。", "noteIds": [ "c051" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "道混然而成体，其于人为性，湛然常存而天地生于其中。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "混為渾，混成謂不分判而完全；先天地生即「天地之始」「象帝之先」。", "thesisTrad": "混為渾，混成謂不分判而完全；先天地生即「天地之始」「象帝之先」。", "noteIds": [ "c056" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "混为浑，混成谓不分判而完全；先天地生即「天地之始」「象帝之先」。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "道之全體本來無名，渾渾淪淪無有縫隙，未有天地先有此物。", "thesisTrad": "道之全體本來無名，渾渾淪淪無有縫隙，未有天地先有此物。", "noteIds": [ "c062" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "道之全体本来无名，浑浑沦沦无有缝隙，未有天地先有此物。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "有物即前章「道之為物」，混渾同，先天地生即「無名天地之始」。", "thesisTrad": "有物即前章「道之為物」，混渾同，先天地生即「無名天地之始」。", "noteIds": [ "c063" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "有物即前章「道之为物」，混浑同，先天地生即「无名天地之始」。" }, "wangfuzhi": { "workType": "衍", "workTypeTrad": "衍", "thesis": "形象有間、道無間，道不擇有無而與之俱往。", "thesisTrad": "形象有間、道無間，道不擇有無而與之俱往。", "noteIds": [ "c064" ], "workTypeSimp": "衍", "thesisSimp": "形象有间、道无间，道不择有无而与之俱往。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c013", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公謂道無形，混沌而成萬物，乃在天地之前。", "textTrad": "河上公謂道無形，混沌而成萬物，乃在天地之前。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公谓道无形，混沌而成万物，乃在天地之前。" }, { "noteId": "c001", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "王弼謂混然不可得而知而萬物由之以成，不知其誰之子，故先天地生。", "textTrad": "王弼謂混然不可得而知而萬物由之以成，不知其誰之子，故先天地生。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "王弼谓混然不可得而知而万物由之以成，不知其谁之子，故先天地生。" }, { "noteId": "c020", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英謂道非有而有、非物而物，混而不混、成而不成，在天地先而先不生生。", "textTrad": "成玄英謂道非有而有、非物而物，混而不混、成而不成，在天地先而先不生生。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英谓道非有而有、非物而物，混而不混、成而不成，在天地先而先不生生。" }, { "noteId": "c027", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "唐玄宗謂有物混然而成，含孕一切，尋其生化乃在天地之先。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗謂有物混然而成，含孕一切，尋其生化乃在天地之先。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "唐玄宗谓有物混然而成，含孕一切，寻其生化乃在天地之先。" }, { "noteId": "c034", "relation": "御疏", "relationTrad": "御疏", "text": "御疏謂有物即虛極妙本，含孕眾象，生化在天地之先。", "textTrad": "御疏謂有物即虛極妙本，含孕眾象，生化在天地之先。", "relationSimp": "御疏", "textSimp": "御疏谓有物即虚极妙本，含孕众象，生化在天地之先。" }, { "noteId": "c042", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮謂道唯怳唯惚，不可以有無議、不可以陰陽辯，混沌無形，自然而得。", "textTrad": "李榮謂道唯怳唯惚，不可以有無議、不可以陰陽辯，混沌無形，自然而得。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣谓道唯怳唯惚，不可以有无议、不可以阴阳辩，混沌无形，自然而得。" }, { "noteId": "c049", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "陸希聲引《易》太極生兩儀，謂混成之物生於天地之先。", "textTrad": "陸希聲引《易》太極生兩儀，謂混成之物生於天地之先。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "陆希声引《易》太极生两仪，谓混成之物生于天地之先。" }, { "noteId": "c050", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "呂惠卿謂炁形質渾淪未相離，視聽摶皆不可得，故不知其名。", "textTrad": "呂惠卿謂炁形質渾淪未相離，視聽摶皆不可得，故不知其名。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "吕惠卿谓炁形质浑沦未相离，视听抟皆不可得，故不知其名。" }, { "noteId": "c051", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "蘇轍謂道混然而成體，其於人為性，湛然常存而天地生於其中。", "textTrad": "蘇轍謂道混然而成體，其於人為性，湛然常存而天地生於其中。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "苏辙谓道混然而成体，其于人为性，湛然常存而天地生于其中。" }, { "noteId": "c056", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄謂混為渾、混成為不分判而完全，先天地生即「天地之始」「象帝之先」。", "textTrad": "吳澄謂混為渾、混成為不分判而完全，先天地生即「天地之始」「象帝之先」。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄谓混为浑、混成为不分判而完全，先天地生即「天地之始」「象帝之先」。" }, { "noteId": "c062", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "憨山謂道之全體本來無名，渾渾淪淪無有縫隙，未有天地先有此物。", "textTrad": "憨山謂道之全體本來無名，渾渾淪淪無有縫隙，未有天地先有此物。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "憨山谓道之全体本来无名，浑浑沦沦无有缝隙，未有天地先有此物。" }, { "noteId": "c063", "relation": "本義", "relationTrad": "本義", "text": "魏源謂有物即前章「道之為物」，混渾同，先天地生即「無名天地之始」。", "textTrad": "魏源謂有物即前章「道之為物」，混渾同，先天地生即「無名天地之始」。", "relationSimp": "本义", "textSimp": "魏源谓有物即前章「道之为物」，混浑同，先天地生即「无名天地之始」。" }, { "noteId": "c064", "relation": "衍", "relationTrad": "衍", "text": "王夫之謂形象有間、道無間，道不擇有無而與之俱往。", "textTrad": "王夫之謂形象有間、道無間，道不擇有無而與之俱往。", "relationSimp": "衍", "textSimp": "王夫之谓形象有间、道无间，道不择有无而与之俱往。" } ], "nameSimp": "有物混成，先天地生", "questionSimp": "「有物混成」的「物」是指道，还是气形质未分之实？「先天地生」是时间在先，还是逻辑上的本原？", "introSimp": "河上公谓道无形，混沌而成万物，乃在天地之前。王弼谓混然不可得而知，而万物由之以成，故曰混成；不知其谁之子，故先天地生。成玄英谓道非有而有、非物而物，混而不混、成而不成，即此混成之道在天地先，并引《庄子》「神鬼神帝，生天生地」「在天地之先而不为老」。唐玄宗御注谓有物混然而成，含孕一切，寻其生化乃在天地之先；御疏谓有物即虚极妙本，含孕众象。李荣谓道唯怳唯惚，不可以有无议、不可以阴阳辩，混沌无形，自然而得。陆希声引《易》「易有太极，是生两仪」，谓混成之物生于天地之先。吕惠卿谓炁形质浑沦而未相离，视之不见、听之不闻、抟之不得，故不知其名。苏辙谓道非清浊高下，混然而成体，其于人为性，湛然常存而天地生于其中。吴澄谓混为浑、混成为不分判而完全，即首章「天地之始」、四章「象帝之先」。憨山谓道之全体本来无名，浑浑沦沦无有缝隙，未有天地先有此物。魏源谓有物即前章「道之为物」，混浑同，先天地生即「无名天地之始」。王夫之谓形象有间、道无间，道不择有无而与之俱往。诸家皆以「物」为道之假称，非有形之器物。" }, { "id": "ji-xi-liao-xi-du-li-bu-gai", "name": "寂兮寥兮，獨立而不改，周行而不殆", "nameTrad": "寂兮寥兮，獨立而不改，周行而不殆", "question": "「獨立不改」是道體恒常不變，還是無物與之為匹？「周行不殆」是運行不息，還是應用無危？", "questionTrad": "「獨立不改」是道體恒常不變，還是無物與之為匹？「周行不殆」是運行不息，還是應用無危？", "intro": "河上公謂寂者無音聲、寥者空無形、獨立者無匹雙、不改者化有常。王弼注謂寂寥無形體，無物之匹故曰獨立，返化終始不失其常故曰不改；周行無所不至而免殆，能生全大形故可以為天下母。成玄英謂寂無聲、寥無形、獨立無待對、不改無遷變，此乃獨獨非待獨；道無不在名曰周行，所在皆通故無危殆。唐玄宗御注謂妙本湛然常寂故獨立不改，應用遍於群有故周行不危殆，萬物資以生成故可以為天下母；御疏謂母以茂養為義。李榮謂聽之不聞、摶之不得，喪偶無對故獨立，湛然常存故不改，無處不在為周行，用之不勤為不殆，覆載生畜為母之義。陸希聲謂寂兮無兆、獨立於萬化之外而其體不改，寥兮無狀、周行於萬物之內而其用不殆。呂惠卿謂道用之則彌滿六虛，大則周行而無不在。蘇轍謂獨立無匹而未嘗變，行於群有而未嘗殆，俯以化育萬物則皆其母。吳澄謂寂為闃靜、寥為虛廓，獨立乎萬物之表而未嘗變易，周行乎萬物之中而未嘗窮匱，天下母者德也。憨山以殆為窮盡，謂流行四時而終古不窮。魏源謂體獨立而用周流，是則「有名萬物之母」。王夫之謂往而不息於往故為逝為遠，住而不悖其來則逝遠之即反。諸家皆以獨立為無對、不改為不遷、周行為無所不至。", "introTrad": "河上公謂寂者無音聲、寥者空無形、獨立者無匹雙、不改者化有常。王弼注謂寂寥無形體，無物之匹故曰獨立，返化終始不失其常故曰不改；周行無所不至而免殆，能生全大形故可以為天下母。成玄英謂寂無聲、寥無形、獨立無待對、不改無遷變，此乃獨獨非待獨；道無不在名曰周行，所在皆通故無危殆。唐玄宗御注謂妙本湛然常寂故獨立不改，應用遍於群有故周行不危殆，萬物資以生成故可以為天下母；御疏謂母以茂養為義。李榮謂聽之不聞、摶之不得，喪偶無對故獨立，湛然常存故不改，無處不在為周行，用之不勤為不殆，覆載生畜為母之義。陸希聲謂寂兮無兆、獨立於萬化之外而其體不改，寥兮無狀、周行於萬物之內而其用不殆。呂惠卿謂道用之則彌滿六虛，大則周行而無不在。蘇轍謂獨立無匹而未嘗變，行於群有而未嘗殆，俯以化育萬物則皆其母。吳澄謂寂為闃靜、寥為虛廓，獨立乎萬物之表而未嘗變易，周行乎萬物之中而未嘗窮匱，天下母者德也。憨山以殆為窮盡，謂流行四時而終古不窮。魏源謂體獨立而用周流，是則「有名萬物之母」。王夫之謂往而不息於往故為逝為遠，住而不悖其來則逝遠之即反。諸家皆以獨立為無對、不改為不遷、周行為無所不至。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "寂者無音聲、寥者空無形、獨立者無匹雙、不改者化有常。", "thesisTrad": "寂者無音聲、寥者空無形、獨立者無匹雙、不改者化有常。", "noteIds": [ "c014" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "寂者无音声、寥者空无形、独立者无匹双、不改者化有常。" }, "wangbi": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "無物之匹故獨立，返化終始不失其常故不改；周行無所不至而免殆。", "thesisTrad": "無物之匹故獨立，返化終始不失其常故不改；周行無所不至而免殆。", "noteIds": [ "c002", "c003" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "无物之匹故独立，返化终始不失其常故不改；周行无所不至而免殆。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "獨立無待對、不改無遷變，此乃獨獨非待獨；道無不在故無危殆。", "thesisTrad": "獨立無待對、不改無遷變，此乃獨獨非待獨；道無不在故無危殆。", "noteIds": [ "c021" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "独立无待对、不改无迁变，此乃独独非待独；道无不在故无危殆。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "妙本湛然常寂故獨立不改，應用遍於群有故周行不危殆，故可為天下母。", "thesisTrad": "妙本湛然常寂故獨立不改，應用遍於群有故周行不危殆，故可為天下母。", "noteIds": [ "c028", "c035" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "妙本湛然常寂故独立不改，应用遍于群有故周行不危殆，故可为天下母。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "喪偶無對故獨立，湛然常存故不改；無處不在為周行，用之不勤為不殆。", "thesisTrad": "喪偶無對故獨立，湛然常存故不改；無處不在為周行，用之不勤為不殆。", "noteIds": [ "c043" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "丧偶无对故独立，湛然常存故不改；无处不在为周行，用之不勤为不殆。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "寂兮無兆而其體不改，寥兮無狀而其用不殆。", "thesisTrad": "寂兮無兆而其體不改，寥兮無狀而其用不殆。", "noteIds": [ "c049" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "寂兮无兆而其体不改，寥兮无状而其用不殆。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "道用之則彌滿六虛，大則周行而無不在。", "thesisTrad": "道用之則彌滿六虛，大則周行而無不在。", "noteIds": [ "c050" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "道用之则弥满六虚，大则周行而无不在。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "獨立無匹而未嘗變，行於群有而未嘗殆，化育萬物則皆其母。", "thesisTrad": "獨立無匹而未嘗變，行於群有而未嘗殆，化育萬物則皆其母。", "noteIds": [ "c052" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "独立无匹而未尝变，行于群有而未尝殆，化育万物则皆其母。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "獨立乎萬物之表而未嘗變易，周行乎萬物之中而未嘗窮匱。", "thesisTrad": "獨立乎萬物之表而未嘗變易，周行乎萬物之中而未嘗窮匱。", "noteIds": [ "c057" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "独立乎万物之表而未尝变易，周行乎万物之中而未尝穷匮。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "體常不變故獨立不改，流行四時終古不窮故周行不殆，殆即窮盡。", "thesisTrad": "體常不變故獨立不改，流行四時終古不窮故周行不殆，殆即窮盡。", "noteIds": [ "c062" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "体常不变故独立不改，流行四时终古不穷故周行不殆，殆即穷尽。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "體獨立而用周流，是則「有名萬物之母」。", "thesisTrad": "體獨立而用周流，是則「有名萬物之母」。", "noteIds": [ "c063" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "体独立而用周流，是则「有名万物之母」。" }, "wangfuzhi": { "workType": "衍", "workTypeTrad": "衍", "thesis": "往而不息於往故為逝為遠，住而不悖其來則逝遠之即反。", "thesisTrad": "往而不息於往故為逝為遠，住而不悖其來則逝遠之即反。", "noteIds": [ "c064" ], "workTypeSimp": "衍", "thesisSimp": "往而不息于往故为逝为远，住而不悖其来则逝远之即反。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c014", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公謂寂者無音聲、寥者空無形、獨立者無匹雙、不改者化有常。", "textTrad": "河上公謂寂者無音聲、寥者空無形、獨立者無匹雙、不改者化有常。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公谓寂者无音声、寥者空无形、独立者无匹双、不改者化有常。" }, { "noteId": "c002", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "王弼謂寂寥無形體，無物之匹故獨立，返化終始不失其常故不改。", "textTrad": "王弼謂寂寥無形體，無物之匹故獨立，返化終始不失其常故不改。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "王弼谓寂寥无形体，无物之匹故独立，返化终始不失其常故不改。" }, { "noteId": "c003", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "王弼謂周行無所不至而免殆，能生全大形，故可以為天下母。", "textTrad": "王弼謂周行無所不至而免殆，能生全大形，故可以為天下母。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "王弼谓周行无所不至而免殆，能生全大形，故可以为天下母。" }, { "noteId": "c021", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英謂獨立無待對、不改無遷變，此乃獨獨非待獨；道無不在故無危殆。", "textTrad": "成玄英謂獨立無待對、不改無遷變，此乃獨獨非待獨；道無不在故無危殆。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英谓独立无待对、不改无迁变，此乃独独非待独；道无不在故无危殆。" }, { "noteId": "c028", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "唐玄宗謂妙本湛然常寂故獨立不改，應用遍於群有故周行不危殆。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗謂妙本湛然常寂故獨立不改，應用遍於群有故周行不危殆。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "唐玄宗谓妙本湛然常寂故独立不改，应用遍于群有故周行不危殆。" }, { "noteId": "c035", "relation": "御疏", "relationTrad": "御疏", "text": "御疏謂妙本生化遍於群有，萬物被其茂養之德，母以茂養為義。", "textTrad": "御疏謂妙本生化遍於群有，萬物被其茂養之德，母以茂養為義。", "relationSimp": "御疏", "textSimp": "御疏谓妙本生化遍于群有，万物被其茂养之德，母以茂养为义。" }, { "noteId": "c043", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮謂喪偶無對故獨立，湛然常存故不改；無處不在為周行，用之不勤為不殆。", "textTrad": "李榮謂喪偶無對故獨立，湛然常存故不改；無處不在為周行，用之不勤為不殆。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣谓丧偶无对故独立，湛然常存故不改；无处不在为周行，用之不勤为不殆。" }, { "noteId": "c049", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "陸希聲謂寂兮無兆而其體不改，寥兮無狀而其用不殆。", "textTrad": "陸希聲謂寂兮無兆而其體不改，寥兮無狀而其用不殆。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "陆希声谓寂兮无兆而其体不改，寥兮无状而其用不殆。" }, { "noteId": "c050", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "呂惠卿謂道用之則彌滿六虛，大則周行而無不在。", "textTrad": "呂惠卿謂道用之則彌滿六虛，大則周行而無不在。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "吕惠卿谓道用之则弥满六虚，大则周行而无不在。" }, { "noteId": "c052", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "蘇轍謂獨立無匹而未嘗變，行於群有而未嘗殆，化育萬物則皆其母。", "textTrad": "蘇轍謂獨立無匹而未嘗變，行於群有而未嘗殆，化育萬物則皆其母。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "苏辙谓独立无匹而未尝变，行于群有而未尝殆，化育万物则皆其母。" }, { "noteId": "c057", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄謂獨立乎萬物之表而未嘗變易，周行乎萬物之中而未嘗窮匱。", "textTrad": "吳澄謂獨立乎萬物之表而未嘗變易，周行乎萬物之中而未嘗窮匱。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄谓独立乎万物之表而未尝变易，周行乎万物之中而未尝穷匮。" }, { "noteId": "c062", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "憨山謂體常不變故獨立不改，流行四時終古不窮故周行不殆。", "textTrad": "憨山謂體常不變故獨立不改，流行四時終古不窮故周行不殆。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "憨山谓体常不变故独立不改，流行四时终古不穷故周行不殆。" }, { "noteId": "c063", "relation": "本義", "relationTrad": "本義", "text": "魏源謂體獨立而用周流，是則「有名萬物之母」。", "textTrad": "魏源謂體獨立而用周流，是則「有名萬物之母」。", "relationSimp": "本义", "textSimp": "魏源谓体独立而用周流，是则「有名万物之母」。" }, { "noteId": "c064", "relation": "衍", "relationTrad": "衍", "text": "王夫之謂往而不息於往故為逝為遠，住而不悖其來則逝遠之即反。", "textTrad": "王夫之謂往而不息於往故為逝為遠，住而不悖其來則逝遠之即反。", "relationSimp": "衍", "textSimp": "王夫之谓往而不息于往故为逝为远，住而不悖其来则逝远之即反。" } ], "nameSimp": "寂兮寥兮，独立而不改，周行而不殆", "questionSimp": "「独立不改」是道体恒常不变，还是无物与之为匹？「周行不殆」是运行不息，还是应用无危？", "introSimp": "河上公谓寂者无音声、寥者空无形、独立者无匹双、不改者化有常。王弼注谓寂寥无形体，无物之匹故曰独立，返化终始不失其常故曰不改；周行无所不至而免殆，能生全大形故可以为天下母。成玄英谓寂无声、寥无形、独立无待对、不改无迁变，此乃独独非待独；道无不在名曰周行，所在皆通故无危殆。唐玄宗御注谓妙本湛然常寂故独立不改，应用遍于群有故周行不危殆，万物资以生成故可以为天下母；御疏谓母以茂养为义。李荣谓听之不闻、抟之不得，丧偶无对故独立，湛然常存故不改，无处不在为周行，用之不勤为不殆，覆载生畜为母之义。陆希声谓寂兮无兆、独立于万化之外而其体不改，寥兮无状、周行于万物之内而其用不殆。吕惠卿谓道用之则弥满六虚，大则周行而无不在。苏辙谓独立无匹而未尝变，行于群有而未尝殆，俯以化育万物则皆其母。吴澄谓寂为阒静、寥为虚廓，独立乎万物之表而未尝变易，周行乎万物之中而未尝穷匮，天下母者德也。憨山以殆为穷尽，谓流行四时而终古不穷。魏源谓体独立而用周流，是则「有名万物之母」。王夫之谓往而不息于往故为逝为远，住而不悖其来则逝远之即反。诸家皆以独立为无对、不改为不迁、周行为无所不至。" }, { "id": "wu-bu-zhi-qi-ming-zi-zhi-yue-dao", "name": "吾不知其名，字之曰道，強為之名曰大", "nameTrad": "吾不知其名，字之曰道，強為之名曰大", "question": "「名」與「字」有何分別？「大」何以是不得已的強名，而不是大小之大？", "questionTrad": "「名」與「字」有何分別？「大」何以是不得已的強名，而不是大小之大？", "intro": "王弼注謂名以定形，混成無形不可得而定，故曰不知其名；名以定形、字以稱可，言道取於無物而不由，是混成之中可言之稱最大；責其字定之所由則繫於大，大有繫則必有分，有分則失其極，故曰強名。河上公謂不見道之形容，不知當何以名之，見萬物皆從道所生故字之曰道；大者高而無上、羅而無外、無不包容。成玄英謂道本無名，取其通生之德故字之曰道，體無涯際故名為大，先字後名欲表道與俗反。唐玄宗御注謂以通生表其德故字之曰道，以包含目其體故強名曰大；御疏謂字者表其德、名者定其體，凡物先名後字、道則先字後名，以其從本而降迹。李榮謂有形者立稱、無象者絕名，約通生為用故字道，無一法不包故名大，理本無名而名謂之強。陸希聲謂其體不可以名得故不知其名，其用不可謂無名故字之曰道，字因名立、名因用生。呂惠卿謂不知其名以心契之，字之曰道以義言之，大豈足以名之，強為之名而已。蘇轍謂道本無名，見萬物無不由故字之曰道，見萬物莫能加故強名曰大，其實無得而稱。吳澄謂假借道路之道以為字，字者名之副而非名，字不足以盡之，不得已而強名之曰大。憨山謂特字之曰道，又強名之曰大道，不是大小之大，乃是絕無邊表之大。魏源謂名不可得故字之曰道，字者代名之謂，道不足以盡之故又強名曰大。王夫之謂不可名故不知，強字之曰道，強為之名曰大。諸家皆以道本無名，名字皆不得已之方便。", "introTrad": "王弼注謂名以定形，混成無形不可得而定，故曰不知其名；名以定形、字以稱可，言道取於無物而不由，是混成之中可言之稱最大；責其字定之所由則繫於大，大有繫則必有分，有分則失其極，故曰強名。河上公謂不見道之形容，不知當何以名之，見萬物皆從道所生故字之曰道；大者高而無上、羅而無外、無不包容。成玄英謂道本無名，取其通生之德故字之曰道，體無涯際故名為大，先字後名欲表道與俗反。唐玄宗御注謂以通生表其德故字之曰道，以包含目其體故強名曰大；御疏謂字者表其德、名者定其體，凡物先名後字、道則先字後名，以其從本而降迹。李榮謂有形者立稱、無象者絕名，約通生為用故字道，無一法不包故名大，理本無名而名謂之強。陸希聲謂其體不可以名得故不知其名，其用不可謂無名故字之曰道，字因名立、名因用生。呂惠卿謂不知其名以心契之，字之曰道以義言之，大豈足以名之，強為之名而已。蘇轍謂道本無名，見萬物無不由故字之曰道，見萬物莫能加故強名曰大，其實無得而稱。吳澄謂假借道路之道以為字，字者名之副而非名，字不足以盡之，不得已而強名之曰大。憨山謂特字之曰道，又強名之曰大道，不是大小之大，乃是絕無邊表之大。魏源謂名不可得故字之曰道，字者代名之謂，道不足以盡之故又強名曰大。王夫之謂不可名故不知，強字之曰道，強為之名曰大。諸家皆以道本無名，名字皆不得已之方便。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "不見道之形容，見萬物皆從道所生故字之曰道；大者高而無上、羅而無外。", "thesisTrad": "不見道之形容，見萬物皆從道所生故字之曰道；大者高而無上、羅而無外。", "noteIds": [ "c015" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "不见道之形容，见万物皆从道所生故字之曰道；大者高而无上、罗而无外。" }, "wangbi": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "名以定形、字以稱可；大有繫則有分，有分則失其極，故曰強名。", "thesisTrad": "名以定形、字以稱可；大有繫則有分，有分則失其極，故曰強名。", "noteIds": [ "c004", "c005", "c006" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "名以定形、字以称可；大有系则有分，有分则失其极，故曰强名。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "道本無名，取通生之德故字道，體無涯際故名大；先字後名欲表道與俗反。", "thesisTrad": "道本無名，取通生之德故字道，體無涯際故名大；先字後名欲表道與俗反。", "noteIds": [ "c022" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "道本无名，取通生之德故字道，体无涯际故名大；先字后名欲表道与俗反。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "以通生表其德故字之曰道，以包含目其體故強名曰大。", "thesisTrad": "以通生表其德故字之曰道，以包含目其體故強名曰大。", "noteIds": [ "c029", "c036" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "以通生表其德故字之曰道，以包含目其体故强名曰大。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "有形者立稱、無象者絕名；約通生為用字道，無一法不包名大，無名而名謂之強。", "thesisTrad": "有形者立稱、無象者絕名；約通生為用字道，無一法不包名大，無名而名謂之強。", "noteIds": [ "c044" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "有形者立称、无象者绝名；约通生为用字道，无一法不包名大，无名而名谓之强。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "其體不可以名得，其用不可謂無名；字因名立，名因用生。", "thesisTrad": "其體不可以名得，其用不可謂無名；字因名立，名因用生。", "noteIds": [ "c049" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "其体不可以名得，其用不可谓无名；字因名立，名因用生。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "不知其名以心契之，字之曰道以義言之；大豈足以名之，強為之名而已。", "thesisTrad": "不知其名以心契之，字之曰道以義言之；大豈足以名之，強為之名而已。", "noteIds": [ "c050" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "不知其名以心契之，字之曰道以义言之；大岂足以名之，强为之名而已。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "見萬物無不由故字之曰道，見萬物莫能加故強名曰大，其實無得而稱。", "thesisTrad": "見萬物無不由故字之曰道，見萬物莫能加故強名曰大，其實無得而稱。", "noteIds": [ "c053" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "见万物无不由故字之曰道，见万物莫能加故强名曰大，其实无得而称。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "字者名之副而非名，字不足以盡之，不得已而強名之曰大。", "thesisTrad": "字者名之副而非名，字不足以盡之，不得已而強名之曰大。", "noteIds": [ "c058" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "字者名之副而非名，字不足以尽之，不得已而强名之曰大。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "特字之曰道，又強名之曰大；不是大小之大，乃是絕無邊表之大。", "thesisTrad": "特字之曰道，又強名之曰大；不是大小之大，乃是絕無邊表之大。", "noteIds": [ "c062" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "特字之曰道，又强名之曰大；不是大小之大，乃是绝无边表之大。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "字者代名之謂，道者取於無物不由；道不足以盡之，故又強名曰大。", "thesisTrad": "字者代名之謂，道者取於無物不由；道不足以盡之，故又強名曰大。", "noteIds": [ "c063" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "字者代名之谓，道者取于无物不由；道不足以尽之，故又强名曰大。" }, "wangfuzhi": { "workType": "衍", "workTypeTrad": "衍", "thesis": "不可名故不知，強字之曰道，強為之名曰大。", "thesisTrad": "不可名故不知，強字之曰道，強為之名曰大。", "noteIds": [ "c064" ], "workTypeSimp": "衍", "thesisSimp": "不可名故不知，强字之曰道，强为之名曰大。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c015", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公謂不見道之形容，見萬物皆從道所生故字之曰道；大者高而無上、羅而無外。", "textTrad": "河上公謂不見道之形容，見萬物皆從道所生故字之曰道；大者高而無上、羅而無外。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公谓不见道之形容，见万物皆从道所生故字之曰道；大者高而无上、罗而无外。" }, { "noteId": "c004", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "王弼謂名以定形，混成無形不可得而定，故曰不知其名。", "textTrad": "王弼謂名以定形，混成無形不可得而定，故曰不知其名。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "王弼谓名以定形，混成无形不可得而定，故曰不知其名。" }, { "noteId": "c005", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "王弼謂名以定形、字以稱可，言道取於無物而不由。", "textTrad": "王弼謂名以定形、字以稱可，言道取於無物而不由。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "王弼谓名以定形、字以称可，言道取于无物而不由。" }, { "noteId": "c006", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "王弼謂大有繫則有分，有分則失其極，故曰強之為名曰大。", "textTrad": "王弼謂大有繫則有分，有分則失其極，故曰強之為名曰大。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "王弼谓大有系则有分，有分则失其极，故曰强之为名曰大。" }, { "noteId": "c022", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英謂取通生之德故字道，體無涯際故名大；先字後名欲表道與俗反。", "textTrad": "成玄英謂取通生之德故字道，體無涯際故名大；先字後名欲表道與俗反。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英谓取通生之德故字道，体无涯际故名大；先字后名欲表道与俗反。" }, { "noteId": "c029", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "唐玄宗謂以通生表其德故字之曰道，以包含目其體故強名曰大。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗謂以通生表其德故字之曰道，以包含目其體故強名曰大。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "唐玄宗谓以通生表其德故字之曰道，以包含目其体故强名曰大。" }, { "noteId": "c036", "relation": "御疏", "relationTrad": "御疏", "text": "御疏謂字者表其德、名者定其體，道先字後名，以其從本而降迹。", "textTrad": "御疏謂字者表其德、名者定其體，道先字後名，以其從本而降迹。", "relationSimp": "御疏", "textSimp": "御疏谓字者表其德、名者定其体，道先字后名，以其从本而降迹。" }, { "noteId": "c044", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮謂有形者立稱、無象者絕名，無名而名謂之強。", "textTrad": "李榮謂有形者立稱、無象者絕名，無名而名謂之強。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣谓有形者立称、无象者绝名，无名而名谓之强。" }, { "noteId": "c049", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "陸希聲謂其體不可以名得，其用不可謂無名；字因名立，名因用生。", "textTrad": "陸希聲謂其體不可以名得，其用不可謂無名；字因名立，名因用生。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "陆希声谓其体不可以名得，其用不可谓无名；字因名立，名因用生。" }, { "noteId": "c050", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "呂惠卿謂不知其名以心契之，字之曰道以義言之，大豈足以名之。", "textTrad": "呂惠卿謂不知其名以心契之，字之曰道以義言之，大豈足以名之。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "吕惠卿谓不知其名以心契之，字之曰道以义言之，大岂足以名之。" }, { "noteId": "c053", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "蘇轍謂見萬物無不由故字道，見萬物莫能加故強名曰大，其實無得而稱。", "textTrad": "蘇轍謂見萬物無不由故字道，見萬物莫能加故強名曰大，其實無得而稱。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "苏辙谓见万物无不由故字道，见万物莫能加故强名曰大，其实无得而称。" }, { "noteId": "c058", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄謂字者名之副而非名，字不足以盡之，不得已而強名之曰大。", "textTrad": "吳澄謂字者名之副而非名，字不足以盡之，不得已而強名之曰大。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄谓字者名之副而非名，字不足以尽之，不得已而强名之曰大。" }, { "noteId": "c062", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "憨山謂特字之曰道，又強名之曰大；乃是絕無邊表之大。", "textTrad": "憨山謂特字之曰道，又強名之曰大；乃是絕無邊表之大。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "憨山谓特字之曰道，又强名之曰大；乃是绝无边表之大。" }, { "noteId": "c063", "relation": "本義", "relationTrad": "本義", "text": "魏源謂字者代名之謂，道者取於無物不由；道不足以盡之故又強名曰大。", "textTrad": "魏源謂字者代名之謂，道者取於無物不由；道不足以盡之故又強名曰大。", "relationSimp": "本义", "textSimp": "魏源谓字者代名之谓，道者取于无物不由；道不足以尽之故又强名曰大。" }, { "noteId": "c064", "relation": "衍", "relationTrad": "衍", "text": "王夫之謂不可名故不知，強字之曰道，強為之名曰大。", "textTrad": "王夫之謂不可名故不知，強字之曰道，強為之名曰大。", "relationSimp": "衍", "textSimp": "王夫之谓不可名故不知，强字之曰道，强为之名曰大。" } ], "nameSimp": "吾不知其名，字之曰道，强为之名曰大", "questionSimp": "「名」与「字」有何分别？「大」何以是不得已的强名，而不是大小之大？", "introSimp": "王弼注谓名以定形，混成无形不可得而定，故曰不知其名；名以定形、字以称可，言道取于无物而不由，是混成之中可言之称最大；责其字定之所由则系于大，大有系则必有分，有分则失其极，故曰强名。河上公谓不见道之形容，不知当何以名之，见万物皆从道所生故字之曰道；大者高而无上、罗而无外、无不包容。成玄英谓道本无名，取其通生之德故字之曰道，体无涯际故名为大，先字后名欲表道与俗反。唐玄宗御注谓以通生表其德故字之曰道，以包含目其体故强名曰大；御疏谓字者表其德、名者定其体，凡物先名后字、道则先字后名，以其从本而降迹。李荣谓有形者立称、无象者绝名，约通生为用故字道，无一法不包故名大，理本无名而名谓之强。陆希声谓其体不可以名得故不知其名，其用不可谓无名故字之曰道，字因名立、名因用生。吕惠卿谓不知其名以心契之，字之曰道以义言之，大岂足以名之，强为之名而已。苏辙谓道本无名，见万物无不由故字之曰道，见万物莫能加故强名曰大，其实无得而称。吴澄谓假借道路之道以为字，字者名之副而非名，字不足以尽之，不得已而强名之曰大。憨山谓特字之曰道，又强名之曰大道，不是大小之大，乃是绝无边表之大。魏源谓名不可得故字之曰道，字者代名之谓，道不足以尽之故又强名曰大。王夫之谓不可名故不知，强字之曰道，强为之名曰大。诸家皆以道本无名，名字皆不得已之方便。" }, { "id": "da-yue-shi-shi-yue-yuan-yuan-yue-fan", "name": "大曰逝，逝曰遠，遠曰反", "nameTrad": "大曰逝，逝曰遠，遠曰反", "question": "「逝、遠、反」是道的運行歷程，還是求道者反躬的次第？「反」何以又作「返」？", "questionTrad": "「逝、遠、反」是道的運行歷程，還是求道者反躬的次第？「反」何以又作「返」？", "intro": "王弼注謂逝為行，不守一大體而已，周行無所不至故曰逝；遠為極，周無所不窮極、不偏於一逝故曰遠；不隨於所適、其體獨立故曰反。河上公謂其大非若天常在上、地常在下，乃復逝去無常處所；遠則窮於無窮、布炁天地無所不通，然不超然絕遠，乃復返在人身。成玄英謂逝為運致眾生往至聖境、超陵三界遠適三清，返為返還界內慈救蒼生；又解迷時以三清為三界，悟則三界是三清。唐玄宗御注謂自大求之則逝而往、自往求之則遠不及，若能了悟則返在身心而證之；御疏謂用無定方，自遠求之則復返在人身心。李榮謂即大求之而不得為往，就往追之而不及為遠，體之近在於身為返。陸希聲謂於其用則名為大，於其體則實已逝，名去實不遠，在知其反，以名反實、以事反理。呂惠卿謂大則周行無不在，逝則遠而不禦，遠而不禦則求其際不可得，復歸其根而未始離乎吾身。蘇轍謂自大求之則逝往，自往求之則遠不及，雖逝雖遠，反而求之一心足矣。吳澄謂逝為流行不息、遠為悠久無疆、反為無有無名，萬有皆有惟道皆無，無與有相反故曰反。憨山謂往而窮之無有盡處為逝，逝者遠而無所至極為遠，遠則不可聞見故反，反謂反一絕跡。魏源謂自大求之則逝且遠，自遠求之則反而近，言其遠大則天地莫能盡，言其反則具之人身而各足。王夫之謂往而不息於往故為逝為遠，住而不悖其來則逝遠之即反。諸家皆以逝遠為道之用無所不至，反為復歸本根或反躬自證。", "introTrad": "王弼注謂逝為行，不守一大體而已，周行無所不至故曰逝；遠為極，周無所不窮極、不偏於一逝故曰遠；不隨於所適、其體獨立故曰反。河上公謂其大非若天常在上、地常在下，乃復逝去無常處所；遠則窮於無窮、布炁天地無所不通，然不超然絕遠，乃復返在人身。成玄英謂逝為運致眾生往至聖境、超陵三界遠適三清，返為返還界內慈救蒼生；又解迷時以三清為三界，悟則三界是三清。唐玄宗御注謂自大求之則逝而往、自往求之則遠不及，若能了悟則返在身心而證之；御疏謂用無定方，自遠求之則復返在人身心。李榮謂即大求之而不得為往，就往追之而不及為遠，體之近在於身為返。陸希聲謂於其用則名為大，於其體則實已逝，名去實不遠，在知其反，以名反實、以事反理。呂惠卿謂大則周行無不在，逝則遠而不禦，遠而不禦則求其際不可得，復歸其根而未始離乎吾身。蘇轍謂自大求之則逝往，自往求之則遠不及，雖逝雖遠，反而求之一心足矣。吳澄謂逝為流行不息、遠為悠久無疆、反為無有無名，萬有皆有惟道皆無，無與有相反故曰反。憨山謂往而窮之無有盡處為逝，逝者遠而無所至極為遠，遠則不可聞見故反，反謂反一絕跡。魏源謂自大求之則逝且遠，自遠求之則反而近，言其遠大則天地莫能盡，言其反則具之人身而各足。王夫之謂往而不息於往故為逝為遠，住而不悖其來則逝遠之即反。諸家皆以逝遠為道之用無所不至，反為復歸本根或反躬自證。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "其大非若天在地上在下，乃復逝去無常處所；遠窮無窮而不絕遠，復返在人身。", "thesisTrad": "其大非若天在地上在下，乃復逝去無常處所；遠窮無窮而不絕遠，復返在人身。", "noteIds": [ "c016" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "其大非若天在地上在下，乃复逝去无常处所；远穷无穷而不绝远，复返在人身。" }, "wangbi": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "逝為行，周行無所不至；遠為極，不偏於一逝；不隨所適而其體獨立故曰反。", "thesisTrad": "逝為行，周行無所不至；遠為極，不偏於一逝；不隨所適而其體獨立故曰反。", "noteIds": [ "c007", "c008" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "逝为行，周行无所不至；远为极，不偏于一逝；不随所适而其体独立故曰反。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "逝為運致眾生往至聖境、超陵三界；返為返還界內慈救蒼生。", "thesisTrad": "逝為運致眾生往至聖境、超陵三界；返為返還界內慈救蒼生。", "noteIds": [ "c023" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "逝为运致众生往至圣境、超陵三界；返为返还界内慈救苍生。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "自大求之則逝往，自往求之則遠不及；了悟則返在身心而證之。", "thesisTrad": "自大求之則逝往，自往求之則遠不及；了悟則返在身心而證之。", "noteIds": [ "c030", "c037" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "自大求之则逝往，自往求之则远不及；了悟则返在身心而证之。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "即大求之而不得為往，就往追之而不及為遠，體之近在於身為返。", "thesisTrad": "即大求之而不得為往，就往追之而不及為遠，體之近在於身為返。", "noteIds": [ "c045" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "即大求之而不得为往，就往追之而不及为远，体之近在于身为返。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "於用則名為大，於體則實已逝；名去實不遠，在知其反。", "thesisTrad": "於用則名為大，於體則實已逝；名去實不遠，在知其反。", "noteIds": [ "c049" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "于用则名为大，于体则实已逝；名去实不远，在知其反。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "逝則遠而不禦，遠而不禦則求其際不可得，復歸其根而未始離乎吾身。", "thesisTrad": "逝則遠而不禦，遠而不禦則求其際不可得，復歸其根而未始離乎吾身。", "noteIds": [ "c050" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "逝则远而不御，远而不御则求其际不可得，复归其根而未始离乎吾身。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "自大求之則逝往，自往求之則遠不及；雖逝雖遠，反而求之一心足矣。", "thesisTrad": "自大求之則逝往，自往求之則遠不及；雖逝雖遠，反而求之一心足矣。", "noteIds": [ "c054" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "自大求之则逝往，自往求之则远不及；虽逝虽远，反而求之一心足矣。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "逝為流行不息、遠為悠久無疆、反為無有無名；無與有相反故曰反。", "thesisTrad": "逝為流行不息、遠為悠久無疆、反為無有無名；無與有相反故曰反。", "noteIds": [ "c059" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "逝为流行不息、远为悠久无疆、反为无有无名；无与有相反故曰反。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "往而窮之無有盡處為逝，遠而無所至極為遠，不可聞見故反，反謂反一絕跡。", "thesisTrad": "往而窮之無有盡處為逝，遠而無所至極為遠，不可聞見故反，反謂反一絕跡。", "noteIds": [ "c062" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "往而穷之无有尽处为逝，远而无所至极为远，不可闻见故反，反谓反一绝迹。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "自大求之則逝且遠，自遠求之則反而近；其反具之人身而各足。", "thesisTrad": "自大求之則逝且遠，自遠求之則反而近；其反具之人身而各足。", "noteIds": [ "c063" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "自大求之则逝且远，自远求之则反而近；其反具之人身而各足。" }, "wangfuzhi": { "workType": "衍", "workTypeTrad": "衍", "thesis": "往而不息於往故為逝為遠，住而不悖其來則逝遠之即反。", "thesisTrad": "往而不息於往故為逝為遠，住而不悖其來則逝遠之即反。", "noteIds": [ "c064" ], "workTypeSimp": "衍", "thesisSimp": "往而不息于往故为逝为远，住而不悖其来则逝远之即反。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c016", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公謂其大逝去無常處所，遠窮無窮而不絕遠，復返在人身。", "textTrad": "河上公謂其大逝去無常處所，遠窮無窮而不絕遠，復返在人身。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公谓其大逝去无常处所，远穷无穷而不绝远，复返在人身。" }, { "noteId": "c007", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "王弼謂逝為行，不守一大體，周行無所不至故曰逝。", "textTrad": "王弼謂逝為行，不守一大體，周行無所不至故曰逝。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "王弼谓逝为行，不守一大体，周行无所不至故曰逝。" }, { "noteId": "c008", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "王弼謂遠為極，不偏於一逝；不隨所適而其體獨立故曰反。", "textTrad": "王弼謂遠為極，不偏於一逝；不隨所適而其體獨立故曰反。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "王弼谓远为极，不偏于一逝；不随所适而其体独立故曰反。" }, { "noteId": "c023", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英謂逝為運致眾生往至聖境、超陵三界，返為返還界內慈救蒼生。", "textTrad": "成玄英謂逝為運致眾生往至聖境、超陵三界，返為返還界內慈救蒼生。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英谓逝为运致众生往至圣境、超陵三界，返为返还界内慈救苍生。" }, { "noteId": "c030", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "唐玄宗謂自大求之則逝往，自往求之則遠不及，了悟則返在身心而證之。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗謂自大求之則逝往，自往求之則遠不及，了悟則返在身心而證之。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "唐玄宗谓自大求之则逝往，自往求之则远不及，了悟则返在身心而证之。" }, { "noteId": "c037", "relation": "御疏", "relationTrad": "御疏", "text": "御疏謂用無定方，自遠求之則復返在人身心，故曰遠曰返。", "textTrad": "御疏謂用無定方，自遠求之則復返在人身心，故曰遠曰返。", "relationSimp": "御疏", "textSimp": "御疏谓用无定方，自远求之则复返在人身心，故曰远曰返。" }, { "noteId": "c045", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮謂即大求之而不得為往，就往追之而不及為遠，體之近在於身為返。", "textTrad": "李榮謂即大求之而不得為往，就往追之而不及為遠，體之近在於身為返。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣谓即大求之而不得为往，就往追之而不及为远，体之近在于身为返。" }, { "noteId": "c049", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "陸希聲謂於用則名為大，於體則實已逝；名去實不遠，在知其反。", "textTrad": "陸希聲謂於用則名為大，於體則實已逝；名去實不遠，在知其反。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "陆希声谓于用则名为大，于体则实已逝；名去实不远，在知其反。" }, { "noteId": "c050", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "呂惠卿謂遠而不禦則求其際不可得，復歸其根而未始離乎吾身。", "textTrad": "呂惠卿謂遠而不禦則求其際不可得，復歸其根而未始離乎吾身。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "吕惠卿谓远而不御则求其际不可得，复归其根而未始离乎吾身。" }, { "noteId": "c054", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "蘇轍謂雖逝雖遠，反而求之一心足矣。", "textTrad": "蘇轍謂雖逝雖遠，反而求之一心足矣。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "苏辙谓虽逝虽远，反而求之一心足矣。" }, { "noteId": "c059", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄謂反為無有無名，萬有皆有惟道皆無，無與有相反故曰反。", "textTrad": "吳澄謂反為無有無名，萬有皆有惟道皆無，無與有相反故曰反。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄谓反为无有无名，万有皆有惟道皆无，无与有相反故曰反。" }, { "noteId": "c062", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "憨山謂遠而無所至極為遠，不可聞見故反，反謂反一絕跡。", "textTrad": "憨山謂遠而無所至極為遠，不可聞見故反，反謂反一絕跡。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "憨山谓远而无所至极为远，不可闻见故反，反谓反一绝迹。" }, { "noteId": "c063", "relation": "本義", "relationTrad": "本義", "text": "魏源謂自遠求之則反而近，其反具之人身而各足。", "textTrad": "魏源謂自遠求之則反而近，其反具之人身而各足。", "relationSimp": "本义", "textSimp": "魏源谓自远求之则反而近，其反具之人身而各足。" }, { "noteId": "c064", "relation": "衍", "relationTrad": "衍", "text": "王夫之謂往而不息於往故為逝為遠，住而不悖其來則逝遠之即反。", "textTrad": "王夫之謂往而不息於往故為逝為遠，住而不悖其來則逝遠之即反。", "relationSimp": "衍", "textSimp": "王夫之谓往而不息于往故为逝为远，住而不悖其来则逝远之即反。" } ], "nameSimp": "大曰逝，逝曰远，远曰反", "questionSimp": "「逝、远、反」是道的运行历程，还是求道者反躬的次第？「反」何以又作「返」？", "introSimp": "王弼注谓逝为行，不守一大体而已，周行无所不至故曰逝；远为极，周无所不穷极、不偏于一逝故曰远；不随于所适、其体独立故曰反。河上公谓其大非若天常在上、地常在下，乃复逝去无常处所；远则穷于无穷、布炁天地无所不通，然不超然绝远，乃复返在人身。成玄英谓逝为运致众生往至圣境、超陵三界远适三清，返为返还界内慈救苍生；又解迷时以三清为三界，悟则三界是三清。唐玄宗御注谓自大求之则逝而往、自往求之则远不及，若能了悟则返在身心而证之；御疏谓用无定方，自远求之则复返在人身心。李荣谓即大求之而不得为往，就往追之而不及为远，体之近在于身为返。陆希声谓于其用则名为大，于其体则实已逝，名去实不远，在知其反，以名反实、以事反理。吕惠卿谓大则周行无不在，逝则远而不御，远而不御则求其际不可得，复归其根而未始离乎吾身。苏辙谓自大求之则逝往，自往求之则远不及，虽逝虽远，反而求之一心足矣。吴澄谓逝为流行不息、远为悠久无疆、反为无有无名，万有皆有惟道皆无，无与有相反故曰反。憨山谓往而穷之无有尽处为逝，逝者远而无所至极为远，远则不可闻见故反，反谓反一绝迹。魏源谓自大求之则逝且远，自远求之则反而近，言其远大则天地莫能尽，言其反则具之人身而各足。王夫之谓往而不息于往故为逝为远，住而不悖其来则逝远之即反。诸家皆以逝远为道之用无所不至，反为复归本根或反躬自证。" }, { "id": "dao-da-tian-da-di-da-wang-yi-da", "name": "道大，天大，地大，王亦大", "nameTrad": "道大，天大，地大，王亦大", "question": "「王亦大」還是「人亦大」？四大之中王何以居其一，域中與六合之外如何分？", "questionTrad": "「王亦大」還是「人亦大」？四大之中王何以居其一，域中與六合之外如何分？", "intro": "河上公謂道大無所不容、包羅諸天地，天大無不蓋、地大無不載、王大無不制；八極之內有四大，王居其一。王弼注謂天地之性人為貴，而王是人之主，雖不職大亦復為大、與三匹，故曰王亦大；四大即道天地王，凡物有稱有名則非其極，道天地王皆在無稱之內故曰域中；王居其一即處人主之大。成玄英謂道大無不包、天大無不覆、地大無不載、王大無不制；域中之說欲明不域而域、雖域不域。唐玄宗御注謂天大能覆、地大能載、王大能法地則天行道，故云亦大；王者人靈之主，萬物繫其興亡，故特標王居其一以警王令有所法；御疏謂域者名也，物無名外之體。嚴遵《玄德纂疏》僅輯存「功德同也」一條。李榮謂道尊德貴彌羅無外，天廣覆無隔貴賤，地厚載不擇妍媸，帝王控制通貫遠近，用各有主故歷言大；大名既一，用義難殊，欲勸帝王抱式道德、取則天地。陸希聲謂王者參天地之道而贊萬物之化育，域中之云明道非六合之外。呂惠卿謂在六合之外則大不足以言之，所謂四大者域中而已；王者人之復命，知常容、容乃公、公乃王。蘇轍謂由道言之，雖天地與王皆不足大，世之人習知三者之大而不信道之大，故以實告。吳澄謂天地得此道以為天地，聖人得此道以為聖人，其所以能大者以其有此道；王下特加亦字，不以氣形與身之大小論。憨山謂不獨道大而天地亦大、不獨天地大而王亦大，世人但知王大而不知聖人取法天地，但知天地大而不知天地自道中生。魏源謂天得一以清、地得一以寧、侯王得一以為天下貞，人與三才參其大，惟其同法乎道。王夫之謂近取之身為艮背而不為機目，遠取之天地為大制而不為剸割，故可以為天下王。「王」「人」之異並見校記。", "introTrad": "河上公謂道大無所不容、包羅諸天地，天大無不蓋、地大無不載、王大無不制；八極之內有四大，王居其一。王弼注謂天地之性人為貴，而王是人之主，雖不職大亦復為大、與三匹，故曰王亦大；四大即道天地王，凡物有稱有名則非其極，道天地王皆在無稱之內故曰域中；王居其一即處人主之大。成玄英謂道大無不包、天大無不覆、地大無不載、王大無不制；域中之說欲明不域而域、雖域不域。唐玄宗御注謂天大能覆、地大能載、王大能法地則天行道，故云亦大；王者人靈之主，萬物繫其興亡，故特標王居其一以警王令有所法；御疏謂域者名也，物無名外之體。嚴遵《玄德纂疏》僅輯存「功德同也」一條。李榮謂道尊德貴彌羅無外，天廣覆無隔貴賤，地厚載不擇妍媸，帝王控制通貫遠近，用各有主故歷言大；大名既一，用義難殊，欲勸帝王抱式道德、取則天地。陸希聲謂王者參天地之道而贊萬物之化育，域中之云明道非六合之外。呂惠卿謂在六合之外則大不足以言之，所謂四大者域中而已；王者人之復命，知常容、容乃公、公乃王。蘇轍謂由道言之，雖天地與王皆不足大，世之人習知三者之大而不信道之大，故以實告。吳澄謂天地得此道以為天地，聖人得此道以為聖人，其所以能大者以其有此道；王下特加亦字，不以氣形與身之大小論。憨山謂不獨道大而天地亦大、不獨天地大而王亦大，世人但知王大而不知聖人取法天地，但知天地大而不知天地自道中生。魏源謂天得一以清、地得一以寧、侯王得一以為天下貞，人與三才參其大，惟其同法乎道。王夫之謂近取之身為艮背而不為機目，遠取之天地為大制而不為剸割，故可以為天下王。「王」「人」之異並見校記。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "道大無所不容、天大無不蓋、地大無不載、王大無不制；八極之內有四大，王居其一。", "thesisTrad": "道大無所不容、天大無不蓋、地大無不載、王大無不制；八極之內有四大，王居其一。", "noteIds": [ "c017", "c018" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "道大无所不容、天大无不盖、地大无不载、王大无不制；八极之内有四大，王居其一。" }, "wangbi": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "王是人之主，雖不職大亦復為大、與三匹；道天地王皆在無稱之內，王居其一即處人主之大。", "thesisTrad": "王是人之主，雖不職大亦復為大、與三匹；道天地王皆在無稱之內，王居其一即處人主之大。", "noteIds": [ "c009", "c010", "c011" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "王是人之主，虽不职大亦复为大、与三匹；道天地王皆在无称之内，王居其一即处人主之大。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "道大無不包、天大無不覆、地大無不載、王大無不制；域中欲明不域而域。", "thesisTrad": "道大無不包、天大無不覆、地大無不載、王大無不制；域中欲明不域而域。", "noteIds": [ "c024", "c025" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "道大无不包、天大无不覆、地大无不载、王大无不制；域中欲明不域而域。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "天大能覆、地大能載、王大能法地則天行道；王者人靈之主，故特標王居其一。", "thesisTrad": "天大能覆、地大能載、王大能法地則天行道；王者人靈之主，故特標王居其一。", "noteIds": [ "c031", "c032", "c038", "c039" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "天大能覆、地大能载、王大能法地则天行道；王者人灵之主，故特标王居其一。" }, "yanzun": { "workType": "輯文", "workTypeTrad": "輯文", "thesis": "功德同也。", "thesisTrad": "功德同也。", "noteIds": [ "c041" ], "workTypeSimp": "辑文", "thesisSimp": "功德同也。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "道尊德貴、天廣覆、地厚載、帝王控制，用各有主故歷言大；欲勸帝王取則天地。", "thesisTrad": "道尊德貴、天廣覆、地厚載、帝王控制，用各有主故歷言大；欲勸帝王取則天地。", "noteIds": [ "c046", "c047" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "道尊德贵、天广覆、地厚载、帝王控制，用各有主故历言大；欲劝帝王取则天地。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "王者參天地之道而贊萬物之化育；域中之云明道非六合之外。", "thesisTrad": "王者參天地之道而贊萬物之化育；域中之云明道非六合之外。", "noteIds": [ "c049" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "王者参天地之道而赞万物之化育；域中之云明道非六合之外。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "在六合之外則大不足以言之，四大者域中而已；王者人之復命。", "thesisTrad": "在六合之外則大不足以言之，四大者域中而已；王者人之復命。", "noteIds": [ "c050" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "在六合之外则大不足以言之，四大者域中而已；王者人之复命。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "由道言之雖天地與王皆不足大；世人不信道之大，故以實告。", "thesisTrad": "由道言之雖天地與王皆不足大；世人不信道之大，故以實告。", "noteIds": [ "c055" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "由道言之虽天地与王皆不足大；世人不信道之大，故以实告。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "天地聖人所以能大者以其有此道；王下特加亦字，不以氣形與身之大小論。", "thesisTrad": "天地聖人所以能大者以其有此道；王下特加亦字，不以氣形與身之大小論。", "noteIds": [ "c060" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "天地圣人所以能大者以其有此道；王下特加亦字，不以气形与身之大小论。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "不獨道大而天地亦大、不獨天地大而王亦大；天地又大於王，道又大於天地。", "thesisTrad": "不獨道大而天地亦大、不獨天地大而王亦大；天地又大於王，道又大於天地。", "noteIds": [ "c062" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "不独道大而天地亦大、不独天地大而王亦大；天地又大于王，道又大于天地。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "天得一以清、地得一以寧、侯王得一以為天下貞；人與三才參其大，惟其同法乎道。", "thesisTrad": "天得一以清、地得一以寧、侯王得一以為天下貞；人與三才參其大，惟其同法乎道。", "noteIds": [ "c063" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "天得一以清、地得一以宁、侯王得一以为天下贞；人与三才参其大，惟其同法乎道。" }, "wangfuzhi": { "workType": "衍", "workTypeTrad": "衍", "thesis": "近取之身為艮背而不為機目，遠取之天地為大制而不為剸割，故可以為天下王。", "thesisTrad": "近取之身為艮背而不為機目，遠取之天地為大制而不為剸割，故可以為天下王。", "noteIds": [ "c064" ], "workTypeSimp": "衍", "thesisSimp": "近取之身为艮背而不为机目，远取之天地为大制而不为剸割，故可以为天下王。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c017", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公謂道大無所不容、天大無不蓋、地大無不載、王大無不制。", "textTrad": "河上公謂道大無所不容、天大無不蓋、地大無不載、王大無不制。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公谓道大无所不容、天大无不盖、地大无不载、王大无不制。" }, { "noteId": "c018", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "河上公謂八極之內有四大，王居其一。", "textTrad": "河上公謂八極之內有四大，王居其一。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "河上公谓八极之内有四大，王居其一。" }, { "noteId": "c009", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "王弼謂天地之性人為貴，王是人之主，雖不職大亦復為大、與三匹。", "textTrad": "王弼謂天地之性人為貴，王是人之主，雖不職大亦復為大、與三匹。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "王弼谓天地之性人为贵，王是人之主，虽不职大亦复为大、与三匹。" }, { "noteId": "c010", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "王弼謂道天地王皆在無稱之內，故曰域中有四大。", "textTrad": "王弼謂道天地王皆在無稱之內，故曰域中有四大。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "王弼谓道天地王皆在无称之内，故曰域中有四大。" }, { "noteId": "c011", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "王弼謂王居其一即處人主之大也。", "textTrad": "王弼謂王居其一即處人主之大也。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "王弼谓王居其一即处人主之大也。" }, { "noteId": "c024", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英謂道大無不包、天大無不覆、地大無不載、王大無不制。", "textTrad": "成玄英謂道大無不包、天大無不覆、地大無不載、王大無不制。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英谓道大无不包、天大无不覆、地大无不载、王大无不制。" }, { "noteId": "c025", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英謂域中之說欲明不域而域、雖域不域，包羅無外。", "textTrad": "成玄英謂域中之說欲明不域而域、雖域不域，包羅無外。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英谓域中之说欲明不域而域、虽域不域，包罗无外。" }, { "noteId": "c031", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "唐玄宗謂天大能覆、地大能載、王大能法地則天行道，故云亦大。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗謂天大能覆、地大能載、王大能法地則天行道，故云亦大。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "唐玄宗谓天大能覆、地大能载、王大能法地则天行道，故云亦大。" }, { "noteId": "c032", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "唐玄宗謂王者人靈之主，萬物繫其興亡，故特標王居其一以警王。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗謂王者人靈之主，萬物繫其興亡，故特標王居其一以警王。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "唐玄宗谓王者人灵之主，万物系其兴亡，故特标王居其一以警王。" }, { "noteId": "c038", "relation": "御疏", "relationTrad": "御疏", "text": "御疏謂天垂覆、地厚載、王清靜無為而化萬物，此三大也。", "textTrad": "御疏謂天垂覆、地厚載、王清靜無為而化萬物，此三大也。", "relationSimp": "御疏", "textSimp": "御疏谓天垂覆、地厚载、王清静无为而化万物，此三大也。" }, { "noteId": "c039", "relation": "御疏", "relationTrad": "御疏", "text": "御疏謂域者名也，物無名外之體；王為人靈之首，故特標而王居一。", "textTrad": "御疏謂域者名也，物無名外之體；王為人靈之首，故特標而王居一。", "relationSimp": "御疏", "textSimp": "御疏谓域者名也，物无名外之体；王为人灵之首，故特标而王居一。" }, { "noteId": "c041", "relation": "輯文", "relationTrad": "輯文", "text": "嚴遵輯文謂功德同也。", "textTrad": "嚴遵輯文謂功德同也。", "relationSimp": "辑文", "textSimp": "严遵辑文谓功德同也。" }, { "noteId": "c046", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮謂道尊德貴、天廣覆、地厚載、帝王控制，用各有主故歷言大。", "textTrad": "李榮謂道尊德貴、天廣覆、地厚載、帝王控制，用各有主故歷言大。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣谓道尊德贵、天广覆、地厚载、帝王控制，用各有主故历言大。" }, { "noteId": "c047", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮謂大名既一、用義難殊，欲勸帝王抱式道德、取則天地。", "textTrad": "李榮謂大名既一、用義難殊，欲勸帝王抱式道德、取則天地。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣谓大名既一、用义难殊，欲劝帝王抱式道德、取则天地。" }, { "noteId": "c049", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "陸希聲謂王者參天地之道而贊萬物之化育，域中之云明道非六合之外。", "textTrad": "陸希聲謂王者參天地之道而贊萬物之化育，域中之云明道非六合之外。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "陆希声谓王者参天地之道而赞万物之化育，域中之云明道非六合之外。" }, { "noteId": "c050", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "呂惠卿謂在六合之外則大不足以言之，四大者域中而已。", "textTrad": "呂惠卿謂在六合之外則大不足以言之，四大者域中而已。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "吕惠卿谓在六合之外则大不足以言之，四大者域中而已。" }, { "noteId": "c055", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "蘇轍謂由道言之雖天地與王皆不足大，世人不信道之大，故以實告。", "textTrad": "蘇轍謂由道言之雖天地與王皆不足大，世人不信道之大，故以實告。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "苏辙谓由道言之虽天地与王皆不足大，世人不信道之大，故以实告。" }, { "noteId": "c060", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄謂天地聖人所以能大者以其有此道；王下特加亦字，不以氣形與身之大小論。", "textTrad": "吳澄謂天地聖人所以能大者以其有此道；王下特加亦字，不以氣形與身之大小論。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄谓天地圣人所以能大者以其有此道；王下特加亦字，不以气形与身之大小论。" }, { "noteId": "c062", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "憨山謂不獨道大而天地亦大，天地又大於王，道又大於天地。", "textTrad": "憨山謂不獨道大而天地亦大，天地又大於王，道又大於天地。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "憨山谓不独道大而天地亦大，天地又大于王，道又大于天地。" }, { "noteId": "c063", "relation": "本義", "relationTrad": "本義", "text": "魏源謂侯王得一以為天下貞，人與三才參其大，惟其同法乎道。", "textTrad": "魏源謂侯王得一以為天下貞，人與三才參其大，惟其同法乎道。", "relationSimp": "本义", "textSimp": "魏源谓侯王得一以为天下贞，人与三才参其大，惟其同法乎道。" }, { "noteId": "c064", "relation": "衍", "relationTrad": "衍", "text": "王夫之謂遠取之天地為大制而不為剸割，故可以為天下王。", "textTrad": "王夫之謂遠取之天地為大制而不為剸割，故可以為天下王。", "relationSimp": "衍", "textSimp": "王夫之谓远取之天地为大制而不为剸割，故可以为天下王。" } ], "nameSimp": "道大，天大，地大，王亦大", "questionSimp": "「王亦大」还是「人亦大」？四大之中王何以居其一，域中与六合之外如何分？", "introSimp": "河上公谓道大无所不容、包罗诸天地，天大无不盖、地大无不载、王大无不制；八极之内有四大，王居其一。王弼注谓天地之性人为贵，而王是人之主，虽不职大亦复为大、与三匹，故曰王亦大；四大即道天地王，凡物有称有名则非其极，道天地王皆在无称之内故曰域中；王居其一即处人主之大。成玄英谓道大无不包、天大无不覆、地大无不载、王大无不制；域中之说欲明不域而域、虽域不域。唐玄宗御注谓天大能覆、地大能载、王大能法地则天行道，故云亦大；王者人灵之主，万物系其兴亡，故特标王居其一以警王令有所法；御疏谓域者名也，物无名外之体。严遵《玄德纂疏》仅辑存「功德同也」一条。李荣谓道尊德贵弥罗无外，天广覆无隔贵贱，地厚载不择妍媸，帝王控制通贯远近，用各有主故历言大；大名既一，用义难殊，欲劝帝王抱式道德、取则天地。陆希声谓王者参天地之道而赞万物之化育，域中之云明道非六合之外。吕惠卿谓在六合之外则大不足以言之，所谓四大者域中而已；王者人之复命，知常容、容乃公、公乃王。苏辙谓由道言之，虽天地与王皆不足大，世之人习知三者之大而不信道之大，故以实告。吴澄谓天地得此道以为天地，圣人得此道以为圣人，其所以能大者以其有此道；王下特加亦字，不以气形与身之大小论。憨山谓不独道大而天地亦大、不独天地大而王亦大，世人但知王大而不知圣人取法天地，但知天地大而不知天地自道中生。魏源谓天得一以清、地得一以宁、侯王得一以为天下贞，人与三才参其大，惟其同法乎道。王夫之谓近取之身为艮背而不为机目，远取之天地为大制而不为剸割，故可以为天下王。「王」「人」之异并见校记。" }, { "id": "ren-fa-di-di-fa-tian-tian-fa-dao-dao-fa-zi-ran", "name": "人法地，地法天，天法道，道法自然", "nameTrad": "人法地，地法天，天法道，道法自然", "question": "「道法自然」是道之上別有自然，還是道以自身之自然為法？四句是轉相效法，還是各明其一？", "questionTrad": "「道法自然」是道之上別有自然，還是道以自身之自然為法？四句是轉相效法，還是各明其一？", "intro": "河上公謂人當法地安靜和柔，勞而不怨、有功而不置；天澹泊不動、施而不求報；道清靜不言而陰陽運行、精氣自成；道性自然，無所法也。王弼注謂法謂法則，人不違地乃得全安，地不違天乃得全載，天不違道乃得全覆，道不違自然乃得其性；法自然者在方而法方、在圓而法圓；自然者無稱之言、窮極之辭，用智不及無知、有儀不及無儀，故轉相法。成玄英謂王必須法地安靜、法天清虛、法道虛通、法自然之妙理，道是迹、自然是本，以本收迹故義言法；又解道性自然更無所法。唐玄宗御注謂為主者先當法地安靜，次法天運用生成，次法道清靜無為令物自化；御疏辨惑者以道法效自然則域中有五大，謂虛無者妙本之體、自然者妙本之性、道者妙本之功用，約體用名即一妙本，非復仿法。李榮謂靜與陰同德法地、動與陽同波法天、清虛無為法道、任物獨化法自然，此是法於天地，非天地以相法。陸希聲謂必法地之靜以為體、法天之動以為用、法道之無為無不為、法自然而然而天下莫知所以然。呂惠卿謂人以有形合於無形，地之所至人亦至，天之所至地亦至，道之所至天亦至；道自本自根，以無法為法，無法也者自然而已。蘇轍謂人不若地、地不若天、天不若道、道不若自然，使人一日復性則三者人皆足以盡之。吳澄謂人與地一故法地、地與天一故法天、天與道一故法道、道以自然故法自然，非道之外別有自然，自然者無有無名是也。憨山謂道固為大而猶有稱謂名字，離名絕字方為至妙，合乎自然。魏源謂道本自然，法道者亦法其自然，自然者性之謂，人而復性則道之量無不全，非謂人與天地輾轉相法而並王為域中五大。王夫之謂法道者與之往來，守常而天下自復。諸家皆不以自然為道外別有一物，而歸於道性自然、人復其性。", "introTrad": "河上公謂人當法地安靜和柔，勞而不怨、有功而不置；天澹泊不動、施而不求報；道清靜不言而陰陽運行、精氣自成；道性自然，無所法也。王弼注謂法謂法則，人不違地乃得全安，地不違天乃得全載，天不違道乃得全覆，道不違自然乃得其性；法自然者在方而法方、在圓而法圓；自然者無稱之言、窮極之辭，用智不及無知、有儀不及無儀，故轉相法。成玄英謂王必須法地安靜、法天清虛、法道虛通、法自然之妙理，道是迹、自然是本，以本收迹故義言法；又解道性自然更無所法。唐玄宗御注謂為主者先當法地安靜，次法天運用生成，次法道清靜無為令物自化；御疏辨惑者以道法效自然則域中有五大，謂虛無者妙本之體、自然者妙本之性、道者妙本之功用，約體用名即一妙本，非復仿法。李榮謂靜與陰同德法地、動與陽同波法天、清虛無為法道、任物獨化法自然，此是法於天地，非天地以相法。陸希聲謂必法地之靜以為體、法天之動以為用、法道之無為無不為、法自然而然而天下莫知所以然。呂惠卿謂人以有形合於無形，地之所至人亦至，天之所至地亦至，道之所至天亦至；道自本自根，以無法為法，無法也者自然而已。蘇轍謂人不若地、地不若天、天不若道、道不若自然，使人一日復性則三者人皆足以盡之。吳澄謂人與地一故法地、地與天一故法天、天與道一故法道、道以自然故法自然，非道之外別有自然，自然者無有無名是也。憨山謂道固為大而猶有稱謂名字，離名絕字方為至妙，合乎自然。魏源謂道本自然，法道者亦法其自然，自然者性之謂，人而復性則道之量無不全，非謂人與天地輾轉相法而並王為域中五大。王夫之謂法道者與之往來，守常而天下自復。諸家皆不以自然為道外別有一物，而歸於道性自然、人復其性。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "人法地安靜和柔，天澹泊不動、施不求報，道清靜不言而萬物自成；道性自然無所法。", "thesisTrad": "人法地安靜和柔，天澹泊不動、施不求報，道清靜不言而萬物自成；道性自然無所法。", "noteIds": [ "c019" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "人法地安静和柔，天澹泊不动、施不求报，道清静不言而万物自成；道性自然无所法。" }, "wangbi": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "人不違地乃得全安，道不違自然乃得其性；自然者無稱之言、窮極之辭。", "thesisTrad": "人不違地乃得全安，道不違自然乃得其性；自然者無稱之言、窮極之辭。", "noteIds": [ "c012" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "人不违地乃得全安，道不违自然乃得其性；自然者无称之言、穷极之辞。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "法地安靜、法天清虛、法道虛通、法自然妙理；道是迹、自然是本。", "thesisTrad": "法地安靜、法天清虛、法道虛通、法自然妙理；道是迹、自然是本。", "noteIds": [ "c026" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "法地安静、法天清虚、法道虚通、法自然妙理；道是迹、自然是本。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "先法地安靜，次法天生成，次法道清靜無為令物自化，即合道法自然。", "thesisTrad": "先法地安靜，次法天生成，次法道清靜無為令物自化，即合道法自然。", "noteIds": [ "c033", "c040" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "先法地安静，次法天生成，次法道清静无为令物自化，即合道法自然。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "靜與陰同德法地、動與陽同波法天、清虛無為法道、任物獨化法自然；非天地以相法。", "thesisTrad": "靜與陰同德法地、動與陽同波法天、清虛無為法道、任物獨化法自然；非天地以相法。", "noteIds": [ "c048" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "静与阴同德法地、动与阳同波法天、清虚无为法道、任物独化法自然；非天地以相法。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "法地之靜以為體，法天之動以為用，法道之無為無不為，法自然而天下莫知所以然。", "thesisTrad": "法地之靜以為體，法天之動以為用，法道之無為無不為，法自然而天下莫知所以然。", "noteIds": [ "c049" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "法地之静以为体，法天之动以为用，法道之无为无不为，法自然而天下莫知所以然。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "道自本自根，以無法為法；無法也者自然而已。", "thesisTrad": "道自本自根，以無法為法；無法也者自然而已。", "noteIds": [ "c050" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "道自本自根，以无法为法；无法也者自然而已。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "人不若地、地不若天、天不若道、道不若自然；一日復性則三者皆足以盡之。", "thesisTrad": "人不若地、地不若天、天不若道、道不若自然；一日復性則三者皆足以盡之。", "noteIds": [ "c055" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "人不若地、地不若天、天不若道、道不若自然；一日复性则三者皆足以尽之。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "人與地一、地與天一、天與道一、道以自然；自然者無有無名，非道外別有自然。", "thesisTrad": "人與地一、地與天一、天與道一、道以自然；自然者無有無名，非道外別有自然。", "noteIds": [ "c061" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "人与地一、地与天一、天与道一、道以自然；自然者无有无名，非道外别有自然。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "道固為大而猶有稱謂名字，離名絕字方為至妙，合乎自然。", "thesisTrad": "道固為大而猶有稱謂名字，離名絕字方為至妙，合乎自然。", "noteIds": [ "c062" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "道固为大而犹有称谓名字，离名绝字方为至妙，合乎自然。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "道本自然，法道者亦法其自然；自然者性之謂，非人與天地輾轉相法。", "thesisTrad": "道本自然，法道者亦法其自然；自然者性之謂，非人與天地輾轉相法。", "noteIds": [ "c063" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "道本自然，法道者亦法其自然；自然者性之谓，非人与天地辗转相法。" }, "wangfuzhi": { "workType": "衍", "workTypeTrad": "衍", "thesis": "法道者與之往來，守常而天下自復。", "thesisTrad": "法道者與之往來，守常而天下自復。", "noteIds": [ "c064" ], "workTypeSimp": "衍", "thesisSimp": "法道者与之往来，守常而天下自复。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c019", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公謂人法地安靜和柔，天澹泊不動，道清靜不言；道性自然無所法。", "textTrad": "河上公謂人法地安靜和柔，天澹泊不動，道清靜不言；道性自然無所法。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公谓人法地安静和柔，天澹泊不动，道清静不言；道性自然无所法。" }, { "noteId": "c012", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "王弼謂人不違地乃得全安，道不違自然乃得其性；自然者無稱之言、窮極之辭。", "textTrad": "王弼謂人不違地乃得全安，道不違自然乃得其性；自然者無稱之言、窮極之辭。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "王弼谓人不违地乃得全安，道不违自然乃得其性；自然者无称之言、穷极之辞。" }, { "noteId": "c026", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英謂法地安靜、法天清虛、法道虛通、法自然妙理；道是迹、自然是本。", "textTrad": "成玄英謂法地安靜、法天清虛、法道虛通、法自然妙理；道是迹、自然是本。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英谓法地安静、法天清虚、法道虚通、法自然妙理；道是迹、自然是本。" }, { "noteId": "c033", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "唐玄宗謂先法地安靜，次法天生成，次法道清靜無為，即合道法自然。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗謂先法地安靜，次法天生成，次法道清靜無為，即合道法自然。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "唐玄宗谓先法地安静，次法天生成，次法道清静无为，即合道法自然。" }, { "noteId": "c040", "relation": "御疏", "relationTrad": "御疏", "text": "御疏辨惑者以道法效自然則域中有五大，謂虛無、自然、道約體用名即一妙本。", "textTrad": "御疏辨惑者以道法效自然則域中有五大，謂虛無、自然、道約體用名即一妙本。", "relationSimp": "御疏", "textSimp": "御疏辨惑者以道法效自然则域中有五大，谓虚无、自然、道约体用名即一妙本。" }, { "noteId": "c048", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮謂靜與陰同德法地、動與陽同波法天、清虛無為法道、任物獨化法自然，非天地以相法。", "textTrad": "李榮謂靜與陰同德法地、動與陽同波法天、清虛無為法道、任物獨化法自然，非天地以相法。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣谓静与阴同德法地、动与阳同波法天、清虚无为法道、任物独化法自然，非天地以相法。" }, { "noteId": "c049", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "陸希聲謂法地之靜以為體，法天之動以為用，法道之無為無不為，法自然而天下莫知所以然。", "textTrad": "陸希聲謂法地之靜以為體，法天之動以為用，法道之無為無不為，法自然而天下莫知所以然。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "陆希声谓法地之静以为体，法天之动以为用，法道之无为无不为，法自然而天下莫知所以然。" }, { "noteId": "c050", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "呂惠卿謂道自本自根，以無法為法；無法也者自然而已。", "textTrad": "呂惠卿謂道自本自根，以無法為法；無法也者自然而已。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "吕惠卿谓道自本自根，以无法为法；无法也者自然而已。" }, { "noteId": "c055", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "蘇轍謂人不若地、地不若天、天不若道、道不若自然；一日復性則三者皆足以盡之。", "textTrad": "蘇轍謂人不若地、地不若天、天不若道、道不若自然；一日復性則三者皆足以盡之。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "苏辙谓人不若地、地不若天、天不若道、道不若自然；一日复性则三者皆足以尽之。" }, { "noteId": "c061", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄謂人與地一、地與天一、天與道一、道以自然；自然者無有無名，非道外別有自然。", "textTrad": "吳澄謂人與地一、地與天一、天與道一、道以自然；自然者無有無名，非道外別有自然。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄谓人与地一、地与天一、天与道一、道以自然；自然者无有无名，非道外别有自然。" }, { "noteId": "c062", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "憨山謂道固為大而猶有稱謂名字，離名絕字方為至妙，合乎自然。", "textTrad": "憨山謂道固為大而猶有稱謂名字，離名絕字方為至妙，合乎自然。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "憨山谓道固为大而犹有称谓名字，离名绝字方为至妙，合乎自然。" }, { "noteId": "c063", "relation": "本義", "relationTrad": "本義", "text": "魏源謂道本自然，法道者亦法其自然；自然者性之謂，非人與天地輾轉相法。", "textTrad": "魏源謂道本自然，法道者亦法其自然；自然者性之謂，非人與天地輾轉相法。", "relationSimp": "本义", "textSimp": "魏源谓道本自然，法道者亦法其自然；自然者性之谓，非人与天地辗转相法。" }, { "noteId": "c064", "relation": "衍", "relationTrad": "衍", "text": "王夫之謂法道者與之往來，守常而天下自復。", "textTrad": "王夫之謂法道者與之往來，守常而天下自復。", "relationSimp": "衍", "textSimp": "王夫之谓法道者与之往来，守常而天下自复。" } ], "nameSimp": "人法地，地法天，天法道，道法自然", "questionSimp": "「道法自然」是道之上别有自然，还是道以自身之自然为法？四句是转相效法，还是各明其一？", "introSimp": "河上公谓人当法地安静和柔，劳而不怨、有功而不置；天澹泊不动、施而不求报；道清静不言而阴阳运行、精气自成；道性自然，无所法也。王弼注谓法谓法则，人不违地乃得全安，地不违天乃得全载，天不违道乃得全覆，道不违自然乃得其性；法自然者在方而法方、在圆而法圆；自然者无称之言、穷极之辞，用智不及无知、有仪不及无仪，故转相法。成玄英谓王必须法地安静、法天清虚、法道虚通、法自然之妙理，道是迹、自然是本，以本收迹故义言法；又解道性自然更无所法。唐玄宗御注谓为主者先当法地安静，次法天运用生成，次法道清静无为令物自化；御疏辨惑者以道法效自然则域中有五大，谓虚无者妙本之体、自然者妙本之性、道者妙本之功用，约体用名即一妙本，非复仿法。李荣谓静与阴同德法地、动与阳同波法天、清虚无为法道、任物独化法自然，此是法于天地，非天地以相法。陆希声谓必法地之静以为体、法天之动以为用、法道之无为无不为、法自然而然而天下莫知所以然。吕惠卿谓人以有形合于无形，地之所至人亦至，天之所至地亦至，道之所至天亦至；道自本自根，以无法为法，无法也者自然而已。苏辙谓人不若地、地不若天、天不若道、道不若自然，使人一日复性则三者人皆足以尽之。吴澄谓人与地一故法地、地与天一故法天、天与道一故法道、道以自然故法自然，非道之外别有自然，自然者无有无名是也。憨山谓道固为大而犹有称谓名字，离名绝字方为至妙，合乎自然。魏源谓道本自然，法道者亦法其自然，自然者性之谓，人而复性则道之量无不全，非谓人与天地辗转相法而并王为域中五大。王夫之谓法道者与之往来，守常而天下自复。诸家皆不以自然为道外别有一物，而归于道性自然、人复其性。" } ], "requiredSources": [ "heshanggong", "tangxuanzong" ] }, "schema": "librebook.chapter/1", "generatedAt": "2026-10-30T11:41:46.888Z", "keyPrefix": "laozi-25", "idRules": { "chapter": "章节目录名（slug），如 01；URL 为 /laozi/01/。", "sentence": "章内局部编号 sNNN，全篇引用使用 laozi-01:sNNN；页面锚点继续使用 #sNNN。", "commentary": "章内注号 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"review": "待复核", "updated": "2026-10-29", "summary": "以「有物混成，先天地生」發端，次狀「寂兮寥兮，獨立而不改，周行而不殆，可以為天下母」，轉出「吾不知其名，字之曰道，強為之名曰大」與「大曰逝，逝曰遠，遠曰反」，末舉「道大，天大，地大，王亦大」「域中有四大，而王居其一焉」，歸於「人法地，地法天，天法道，道法自然」；附河上公、王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、嚴遵、李榮、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之十三家注疏，嚴遵僅存輯文一條；河上公、王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮逐句分疏，蘇轍、吳澄分段作注，陸希聲、呂惠卿、憨山、魏源、王夫之各以整章一段通釋；河上公題「象元」、唐玄宗題「有物混成章」，吳澄、魏源以此章為其第二十一章，異文並見校記。", "summarySimp": "以「有物混成，先天地生」发端，次状「寂兮寥兮，独立而不改，周行而不殆，可以为天下母」，转出「吾不知其名，字之曰道，强为之名曰大」与「大曰逝，逝曰远，远曰反」，末举「道大，天大，地大，王亦大」「域中有四大，而王居其一焉」，归于「人法地，地法天，天法道，道法自然」；附河上公、王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、严遵、李荣、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之十三家注疏，严遵仅存辑文一条；河上公、王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、李荣逐句分疏，苏辙、吴澄分段作注，陆希声、吕惠卿、憨山、魏源、王夫之各以整章一段通释；河上公题「象元」、唐玄宗题「有物混成章」，吴澄、魏源以此章为其第二十一章，异文并见校记。", "dataFile": "data/chapters/laozi-25.json", "relationsFile": "data/commentary-relations-laozi-25.json", "url": "/laozi/25/", "orderLabel": "第二十五", "volumeId": "daojing", "part": "道經", "partSimp": "道经" }, "paragraphs": [ { "id": "p001", "no": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001", "s002", "s003", "s004", "s005", "s006", "s007" ], "count": 7 } ], 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