{ "meta": { "book": { "id": "laozi", "title": "老子", "titleSimp": "老子", "author": "老聃", "authorSimp": "老聃", "era": "春秋", "eraSimp": "春秋", "editor": "河上公、王弼等", "editorSimp": "河上公、王弼等", "edition": "王弼《老子注》", "editionSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "slug": "laozi", "baseLabel": "王弼《老子注》", "baseLabelSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "separationLabel": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英義疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、嚴遵指歸、李榮注、陸希聲傳、呂惠卿傳、蘇轍老子解、吳澄道德真經注、憨山道德經解、魏源老子本義、俞樾平議、王夫之老子衍十四家", "separationLabelSimp": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英义疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、严遵指归、李荣注、陆希声传、吕惠卿传、苏辙老子解、吴澄道德真经注、憨山道德经解、魏源老子本义、俞樾平议、王夫之老子衍十四家", "intro": "《老子》八十一章，分道經、德經。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》為底本，逐章整理正文、舊注、今譯與校記；第一至八十一章已上線，全帙完竣。", "introSimp": "《老子》八十一章，分道经、德经。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》为底本，逐章整理正文、旧注、今译与校记；第一至八十一章已上线，全帙完竣。" }, "chapter": { "id": "laozi-30", "no": 30, "part": "道經", "partSimp": "道经", "title": "第三十章", "titleSimp": "第三十章", "intro": "《老子》第三十章，河上公題「儉武」，唐玄宗題「以道佐人主章」。全章六句：首言以道佐人主者不以兵强天下，其事好還；次言師之所處荊棘生焉、大軍之後必有凶年；轉言善有果而已，不敢以取强；再列果而勿矜、果而勿伐、果而勿驕、果而不得已、果而勿强五事；末以物壯則老、是謂不道、不道早已收束。河上公以人主能以道自輔佐，不以兵革，順道任德，敵人自服；舉事好還，自責不怨於人；師旅所處農事廢而荊棘生，天應惡氣而害五穀；善者果敢而已，不以果敢取强大之名；果而勿矜伐驕，當謙卑推讓；物壯則枯落衰老，强者不可以為久。王弼謂以道佐人主尚不可以兵强天下，況人主躬道；為始者欲立功生事，有道者務還反無為；師為凶害之物，無所濟必有所傷；果猶濟，善用師者趣以濟難而已；用兵出不得已，何矜驕之有；壯為武力暴興，暴興必不道早已。成玄英以用正道輔佐君王當偃武修文，外用兵刃則有怨仇，內用三毒則招三塗之報；師行害物，但有荊棘；果為決定止暴；堯攻有苗、禹攻有扈，事不得已，非樂兵戈；物壯則老，炎極則涼，非真道故應止息。唐玄宗御注以人臣當柔服以德，不用甲兵；兵加彼必應，勝負未可量；軍師妨農，水旱繼之，必有凶荒；善輔相者果於止敵，不敢求勝取强；果在應敵，非以取强；物壯則衰，兵强則敗，當早止不為。御疏申以舞干羽、修文德，抗兵加彼則還報；興師動眾妨功害農；殺敵為果即止敵；勿矜勿伐勿驕；勝不恃强；兵强不可全其善勝。李榮以忠臣賢相以道勝海內，不以兵强；用兵則互相侵伐，一來一往故好還；嘉禾不植而荊棘生；殺敵為果，不以國大兵强專用；義兵王、應兵勝、忿兵死、驕兵滅；心定不驕不矜，行不得已，是果而勿强；盛必衰，兵强必弱，故言非道。陸希聲以取强於人則人亦取勝於我，出乎己者反乎己；師旅所居農耕必廢，水旱洊臻；兵不可去，用之有道，果而已矣；勿矜勿伐勿憍，雖果而不止，猶不敢取强；物壯必老，兵强必敗。呂惠卿以佐人主者有為，猶不可以兵强，況主道無為；以道服天下則莫敢不服，以兵强則阻是抗我；師毒天下，故善用兵者果而已；果者剋敵，出於不得已，非所恃以取强；守柔以為强，乃所以久。蘇轍以聖人用兵皆出不得已，欲以强勝天下，禍必還報，楚靈、齊湣、秦皇、漢武可驗；兵所在民事廢、殺氣勝而年穀傷；果者決也，不得已而以兵決之；勿矜勿伐勿驕不得已四者所以為勿强；壯必老，唯有道者未嘗壯故未嘗老。吳澄以取天下尚不可以兵强，引王氏、蘇氏；引政和註下奪民力、上違天時；兵之善者果決一時以定亂，不敢阻兵取勝；有道者常如嬰兒孺子，故不老。憨山以兵强為過甚之事，勢極則反；師處殘掠、大軍殺傷和氣；善用者果而已，了事便休，不敢取强；物壯易老，兵强速敗。魏源以天道好還，以兵强天下非知道者；下奪民力、上違天時；善者即有道者，矜伐驕三病一源；物壯則老，違之者不道，宜其暴興必早已。王夫之以最下用兵以殺，其上用兵以生；功之門為害之府；善禁暴者俟其消，善治情者塞其息，善貴生者持其消息之間。本站以王弼《老子注》為底本，分列河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英義疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、李榮注、陸希聲傳、呂惠卿傳、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》與王夫之《老子衍》，並附編者今譯。嚴遵《指歸》道經原卷缺佚，此章《玄德纂疏》無輯文，故不列；俞樾《諸子平議》此章亦未列。吳澄以此章為其第二十五章，魏源并合第三十、三十一章為其第二十六章。", "introSimp": "《老子》第三十章，河上公题「俭武」，唐玄宗题「以道佐人主章」。全章六句：首言以道佐人主者不以兵强天下，其事好还；次言师之所处荆棘生焉、大军之后必有凶年；转言善有果而已，不敢以取强；再列果而勿矜、果而勿伐、果而勿骄、果而不得已、果而勿强五事；末以物壮则老、是谓不道、不道早已收束。河上公以人主能以道自辅佐，不以兵革，顺道任德，敌人自服；举事好还，自责不怨于人；师旅所处农事废而荆棘生，天应恶气而害五谷；善者果敢而已，不以果敢取强大之名；果而勿矜伐骄，当谦卑推让；物壮则枯落衰老，强者不可以为久。王弼谓以道佐人主尚不可以兵强天下，况人主躬道；为始者欲立功生事，有道者务还反无为；师为凶害之物，无所济必有所伤；果犹济，善用师者趣以济难而已；用兵出不得已，何矜骄之有；壮为武力暴兴，暴兴必不道早已。成玄英以用正道辅佐君王当偃武修文，外用兵刃则有怨仇，内用三毒则招三涂之报；师行害物，但有荆棘；果为决定止暴；尧攻有苗、禹攻有扈，事不得已，非乐兵戈；物壮则老，炎极则凉，非真道故应止息。唐玄宗御注以人臣当柔服以德，不用甲兵；兵加彼必应，胜负未可量；军师妨农，水旱继之，必有凶荒；善辅相者果于止敌，不敢求胜取强；果在应敌，非以取强；物壮则衰，兵强则败，当早止不为。御疏申以舞干羽、修文德，抗兵加彼则还报；兴师动众妨功害农；杀敌为果即止敌；勿矜勿伐勿骄；胜不恃强；兵强不可全其善胜。李荣以忠臣贤相以道胜海内，不以兵强；用兵则互相侵伐，一来一往故好还；嘉禾不植而荆棘生；杀敌为果，不以国大兵强专用；义兵王、应兵胜、忿兵死、骄兵灭；心定不骄不矜，行不得已，是果而勿强；盛必衰，兵强必弱，故言非道。陆希声以取强于人则人亦取胜于我，出乎己者反乎己；师旅所居农耕必废，水旱洊臻；兵不可去，用之有道，果而已矣；勿矜勿伐勿憍，虽果而不止，犹不敢取强；物壮必老，兵强必败。吕惠卿以佐人主者有为，犹不可以兵强，况主道无为；以道服天下则莫敢不服，以兵强则阻是抗我；师毒天下，故善用兵者果而已；果者克敌，出于不得已，非所恃以取强；守柔以为强，乃所以久。苏辙以圣人用兵皆出不得已，欲以强胜天下，祸必还报，楚灵、齐湣、秦皇、汉武可验；兵所在民事废、杀气胜而年谷伤；果者决也，不得已而以兵决之；勿矜勿伐勿骄不得已四者所以为勿强；壮必老，唯有道者未尝壮故未尝老。吴澄以取天下尚不可以兵强，引王氏、苏氏；引政和注下夺民力、上违天时；兵之善者果决一时以定乱，不敢阻兵取胜；有道者常如婴儿孺子，故不老。憨山以兵强为过甚之事，势极则反；师处残掠、大军杀伤和气；善用者果而已，了事便休，不敢取强；物壮易老，兵强速败。魏源以天道好还，以兵强天下非知道者；下夺民力、上违天时；善者即有道者，矜伐骄三病一源；物壮则老，违之者不道，宜其暴兴必早已。王夫之以最下用兵以杀，其上用兵以生；功之门为害之府；善禁暴者俟其消，善治情者塞其息，善贵生者持其消息之间。本站以王弼《老子注》为底本，分列河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英义疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、李荣注、陆希声传、吕惠卿传、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》与王夫之《老子衍》，并附编者今译。严遵《指归》道经原卷缺佚，此章《玄德纂疏》无辑文，故不列；俞樾《诸子平议》此章亦未列。吴澄以此章为其第二十五章，魏源并合第三十、三十一章为其第二十六章。", "guide": "點擊任一句可展開句注；點擊字詞可看本句訓釋；按「諸家並觀」可將同一句的舊注並列對讀，本章十二家舊注。河上公、王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮逐句或分段分疏，蘇轍、吳澄分段作注；陸希聲、呂惠卿、憨山、魏源、王夫之各以整章一段通釋。嚴遵此章無輯文，俞樾《諸子平議》此章未列。", "guideSimp": "点击任一句可展开句注；点击字词可看本句训释；按「诸家并观」可将同一句的旧注并列对读，本章十二家旧注。河上公、王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、李荣逐句或分段分疏，苏辙、吴澄分段作注；陆希声、吕惠卿、憨山、魏源、王夫之各以整章一段通释。严遵此章无辑文，俞樾《诸子平议》此章未列。", "slug": "30", "order": 30, "status": "published", "revision": "初校", "review": "待复核", "updated": "2026-10-29", "summary": "以「以道佐人主者，不以兵强天下，其事好還」發端，繼言「師之所處，荊棘生焉；大軍之後，必有凶年」，轉出「善有果而已，不敢以取强」與「果而勿矜，果而勿伐，果而勿驕，果而不得已，果而勿强」五事，末以「物壯則老，是謂不道，不道早已」收束；附河上公、王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之十二家注疏，嚴遵此章《玄德纂疏》無輯文、俞樾未列；河上公、王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮逐句分疏，蘇轍、吳澄分段作注，陸希聲、呂惠卿、憨山、魏源、王夫之各以整章一段通釋；河上公題「儉武」、唐玄宗題「以道佐人主章」，吳澄以此章為其第二十五章，魏源合第三十、三十一章為其第二十六章，河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗本章據《玄德纂疏》卷八所引，王弼此章注凡七條，異文並見校記。", "summarySimp": "以「以道佐人主者，不以兵强天下，其事好还」发端，继言「师之所处，荆棘生焉；大军之后，必有凶年」，转出「善有果而已，不敢以取强」与「果而勿矜，果而勿伐，果而勿骄，果而不得已，果而勿强」五事，末以「物壮则老，是谓不道，不道早已」收束；附河上公、王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、李荣、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之十二家注疏，严遵此章《玄德纂疏》无辑文、俞樾未列；河上公、王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、李荣逐句分疏，苏辙、吴澄分段作注，陆希声、吕惠卿、憨山、魏源、王夫之各以整章一段通释；河上公题「俭武」、唐玄宗题「以道佐人主章」，吴澄以此章为其第二十五章，魏源合第三十、三十一章为其第二十六章，河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗本章据《玄德纂疏》卷八所引，王弼此章注凡七条，异文并见校记。", "dataFile": "data/chapters/laozi-30.json", "relationsFile": "data/commentary-relations-laozi-30.json", "url": "/laozi/30/", "volumeId": "daojing", "volumeTitle": "道經", "volumeTitleSimp": "道经", "orderLabel": "第三十" }, "edition": { "base": "王弼《老子注》", "baseEdition": "王弼《老子注》通行本", "separation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》、王夫之《老子衍》諸本對校；河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗此章據《玄德纂疏》卷八所引", "punctuation": "數字轉錄所附現代標點，本站僅作閱讀輔助，尚未逐字復核原刻", "digital": "中華典藏網、識典古籍、大道家園公開轉錄、Kanripo 漢籍全文資料庫（僅作文字底本）", "caution": "王弼底本作「以道佐人主者，不以兵强天下，其事好還。師之所處，荊棘生焉。大軍之後，必有凶年。善有果而已，不敢以取强。果而勿矜，果而勿伐，果而勿驕，果而不得已，果而勿强。物壯則老，是謂不道，不道早已」；河上公題「儉武第三十」，唐玄宗題「以道佐人主章第三十」，王弼本無章題。河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山、魏源作「故善者果而已」，王弼本作「善有果而已」；李榮、陸希聲作「是果而勿强」，吳澄、魏源作「是謂果而勿强」；李榮作「謂之非道，非道早已」；陸希聲作「果而勿憍」；王夫之作「其事好遠」「善有果而已，不以取强」，並於「果而勿强」下增「雖在必用兵之時，禍發必克，猶當以五者居心」數句。吳澄以此章為其第二十五章，魏源并合第三十、三十一章為其第二十六章。嚴遵《指歸》道經原卷缺佚，此章《玄德纂疏》無輯文；俞樾《諸子平議》此章未列。正文從王弼本，異文見校記。", "baseSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "baseEditionSimp": "王弼《老子注》通行本", "separationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、李荣《道德真经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》、王夫之《老子衍》诸本对校；河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗此章据《玄德纂疏》卷八所引", "punctuationSimp": "数字转录所附现代标点，本站仅作阅读辅助，尚未逐字复核原刻", "digitalSimp": "中华典藏网、识典古籍、大道家园公开转录、Kanripo 汉籍全文资料库（仅作文字底本）", "cautionSimp": "王弼底本作「以道佐人主者，不以兵强天下，其事好还。师之所处，荆棘生焉。大军之后，必有凶年。善有果而已，不敢以取强。果而勿矜，果而勿伐，果而勿骄，果而不得已，果而勿强。物壮则老，是谓不道，不道早已」；河上公题「俭武第三十」，唐玄宗题「以道佐人主章第三十」，王弼本无章题。河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李荣、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、憨山、魏源作「故善者果而已」，王弼本作「善有果而已」；李荣、陆希声作「是果而勿强」，吴澄、魏源作「是谓果而勿强」；李荣作「谓之非道，非道早已」；陆希声作「果而勿憍」；王夫之作「其事好远」「善有果而已，不以取强」，并于「果而勿强」下增「虽在必用兵之时，祸发必克，犹当以五者居心」数句。吴澄以此章为其第二十五章，魏源并合第三十、三十一章为其第二十六章。严遵《指归》道经原卷缺佚，此章《玄德纂疏》无辑文；俞樾《诸子平议》此章未列。正文从王弼本，异文见校记。" }, "license": { "historical": "公有領域", "translation": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "code": "MIT" }, "stats": { "sentences": 6, "commentaries": 50, "charNotes": 12, "collations": 12 } }, "sources": [ { "id": "heshanggong", "name": "河上公章句", "short": "河上公", "author": "河上公", "work": "老子道德經章句", "era": "漢", "years": "傳漢文帝時", "color": "#a3542c", "desc": "分章句解，兼重治身與治國；此章題「儉武」，以人主能以道自輔佐、不以兵革、順道任德則敵人自服；舉事好還，自責不怨於人；師旅所處農事廢而荊棘生，天應惡氣而害五穀；善者果敢而已，不以果敢取强大之名；果而勿矜伐驕；物壯則枯落衰老。此章據《玄德纂疏》卷八所引。", "count": 7, "nameSimp": "河上公章句", "workSimp": "老子道德经章句", "authorSimp": "河上公", "eraSimp": "汉", "yearsSimp": "传汉文帝时", "descSimp": "分章句解，兼重治身与治国；此章题「俭武」，以人主能以道自辅佐、不以兵革、顺道任德则敌人自服；举事好还，自责不怨于人；师旅所处农事废而荆棘生，天应恶气而害五谷；善者果敢而已，不以果敢取强大之名；果而勿矜伐骄；物壮则枯落衰老。此章据《玄德纂疏》卷八所引。", "shortSimp": "河上公" }, { "id": "wangbi", "name": "王弼注", "short": "王注", "author": "王弼", "work": "老子道德經注", "era": "曹魏", "years": "226–249", "color": "#8c5a2b", "desc": "以崇本息末為宗；此章注凡七條。以道佐人主尚不可以兵强天下，況人主躬道；為始者欲立功生事，有道者務還反無為；師為凶害之物，無所濟必有所傷；果猶濟，趣以濟難而已；用兵出不得已，何矜驕之有；壯為武力暴興，暴興必不道早已。", "count": 7, "nameSimp": "王弼注", "workSimp": "老子道德经注", "authorSimp": "王弼", "eraSimp": "曹魏", "yearsSimp": "226–249", "descSimp": "以崇本息末为宗；此章注凡七条。以道佐人主尚不可以兵强天下，况人主躬道；为始者欲立功生事，有道者务还反无为；师为凶害之物，无所济必有所伤；果犹济，趣以济难而已；用兵出不得已，何矜骄之有；壮为武力暴兴，暴兴必不道早已。", "shortSimp": "王注" }, { "id": "chengxuanying", "name": "成玄英疏", "short": "成疏", "author": "成玄英", "work": "老子道德經義疏", "era": "唐", "years": "約 608–669", "color": "#6b7a4a", "desc": "以重玄雙遣為宗；此章以用正道輔佐君王當偃武修文，外用兵刃則有怨仇，內用三毒則招三塗之報；師行害物，但有荊棘；果為決定止暴；堯攻有苗、禹攻有扈，事不得已，非樂兵戈；物壯則老，炎極則涼，非真道故應止息。此章據《玄德纂疏》卷八所引。", "count": 6, "nameSimp": "成玄英疏", "workSimp": "老子道德经义疏", "authorSimp": "成玄英", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "约 608–669", "descSimp": "以重玄双遣为宗；此章以用正道辅佐君王当偃武修文，外用兵刃则有怨仇，内用三毒则招三涂之报；师行害物，但有荆棘；果为决定止暴；尧攻有苗、禹攻有扈，事不得已，非乐兵戈；物壮则老，炎极则凉，非真道故应止息。此章据《玄德纂疏》卷八所引。", "shortSimp": "成疏" }, { "id": "tangxuanzong", "name": "唐玄宗御注御疏", "short": "御注", "author": "李隆基", "work": "道德真經注疏", "era": "唐", "years": "685–762", "color": "#9b3d3d", "desc": "帝王御注，兼採諸家；御注以人臣當柔服以德，不用甲兵；兵加彼必應，勝負未可量；軍師妨農，水旱繼之，必有凶荒；善輔相者果於止敵，不敢求勝取强；物壯則衰，兵强則敗。御疏申以舞干羽、修文德，抗兵加彼則還報；殺敵為果即止敵；勝不恃强。此章據《玄德纂疏》卷八所引。", "count": 10, "nameSimp": "唐玄宗御注御疏", "workSimp": "道德真经注疏", "authorSimp": "李隆基", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "685–762", "descSimp": "帝王御注，兼采诸家；御注以人臣当柔服以德，不用甲兵；兵加彼必应，胜负未可量；军师妨农，水旱继之，必有凶荒；善辅相者果于止敌，不敢求胜取强；物壮则衰，兵强则败。御疏申以舞干羽、修文德，抗兵加彼则还报；杀敌为果即止敌；胜不恃强。此章据《玄德纂疏》卷八所引。", "shortSimp": "御注" }, { "id": "lirong", "name": "李榮注", "short": "李注", "author": "李榮", "work": "道德真經注", "era": "唐", "years": "生卒不詳", "color": "#4f6b7a", "desc": "唐初道士，以重玄遣執解《老》；此章以忠臣賢相以道勝海內，不以兵强；用兵則互相侵伐，一來一往故好還；嘉禾不植而荊棘生；殺敵為果，不以國大兵强專用；義兵王、應兵勝、忿兵死、驕兵滅；盛必衰，兵强必弱，故言非道。其本作「是果而勿强」「謂之非道，非道早已」。", "count": 6, "nameSimp": "李荣注", "workSimp": "道德真经注", "authorSimp": "李荣", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "生卒不详", "descSimp": "唐初道士，以重玄遣执解《老》；此章以忠臣贤相以道胜海内，不以兵强；用兵则互相侵伐，一来一往故好还；嘉禾不植而荆棘生；杀敌为果，不以国大兵强专用；义兵王、应兵胜、忿兵死、骄兵灭；盛必衰，兵强必弱，故言非道。其本作「是果而勿强」「谓之非道，非道早已」。", "shortSimp": "李注" }, { "id": "luxisheng", "name": "陸希聲傳", "short": "陸傳", "author": "陸希聲", "work": "道德經傳", "era": "唐", "years": "？–895", "color": "#6a5a7a", "desc": "以情性說道器；此章整章一傳，以取强於人則人亦取勝於我，出乎己者反乎己；師旅所居農耕必廢，水旱洊臻；兵不可去，用之有道，果而已矣；勿矜勿伐勿憍，雖果而不止，猶不敢取强；物壯必老，兵强必敗。其本作「故善者果而已」「果而勿憍」「是果而勿强」。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "陆希声传", "workSimp": "道德经传", "authorSimp": "陆希声", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "？–895", "descSimp": "以情性说道器；此章整章一传，以取强于人则人亦取胜于我，出乎己者反乎己；师旅所居农耕必废，水旱洊臻；兵不可去，用之有道，果而已矣；勿矜勿伐勿憍，虽果而不止，犹不敢取强；物壮必老，兵强必败。其本作「故善者果而已」「果而勿憍」「是果而勿强」。", "shortSimp": "陆传" }, { "id": "lvhuiqing", "name": "呂惠卿傳", "short": "呂傳", "author": "呂惠卿", "work": "道德真經傳", "era": "北宋", "years": "1032–1111", "color": "#7a6a4a", "desc": "此章整章一傳，以佐人主者有為，猶不可以兵强，況主道無為；以道服天下則莫敢不服，以兵强則阻是抗我；師毒天下，故善用兵者果而已；果者剋敵，出於不得已，非所恃以取强；守柔以為强，乃所以久。其本作「故善者果而已」。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "吕惠卿传", "workSimp": "道德真经传", "authorSimp": "吕惠卿", "eraSimp": "北宋", "yearsSimp": "1032–1111", "descSimp": "此章整章一传，以佐人主者有为，犹不可以兵强，况主道无为；以道服天下则莫敢不服，以兵强则阻是抗我；师毒天下，故善用兵者果而已；果者克敌，出于不得已，非所恃以取强；守柔以为强，乃所以久。其本作「故善者果而已」。", "shortSimp": "吕传" }, { "id": "suzhe", "name": "蘇轍老子解", "short": "蘇解", "author": "蘇轍", "work": "老子解", "era": "北宋", "years": "1039–1112", "color": "#4a6a6a", "desc": "以聖人用兵皆出不得已，欲以强勝天下，禍必還報，楚靈、齊湣、秦皇、漢武可驗；兵所在民事廢、殺氣勝而年穀傷；果者決也，不得已而以兵決之；勿矜勿伐勿驕不得已四者所以為勿强；壯必老，唯有道者未嘗壯故未嘗老。", "count": 5, "nameSimp": "苏辙老子解", "workSimp": "老子解", "authorSimp": "苏辙", "eraSimp": "北宋", "yearsSimp": "1039–1112", "descSimp": "以圣人用兵皆出不得已，欲以强胜天下，祸必还报，楚灵、齐湣、秦皇、汉武可验；兵所在民事废、杀气胜而年谷伤；果者决也，不得已而以兵决之；勿矜勿伐勿骄不得已四者所以为勿强；壮必老，唯有道者未尝壮故未尝老。", "shortSimp": "苏解" }, { "id": "wucheng", "name": "吳澄道德真經注", "short": "吳注", "author": "吳澄", "work": "道德真經注", "era": "元", "years": "1249–1333", "color": "#5a6a3a", "desc": "此章為其第二十五章；以取天下尚不可以兵强，引王氏、蘇氏；引政和註下奪民力、上違天時；兵之善者果決一時以定亂，不敢阻兵取勝；有道者常如嬰兒孺子，故不老。其本作「善者果而已」「是謂果而勿强」。", "count": 4, "nameSimp": "吴澄道德真经注", "workSimp": "道德真经注", "authorSimp": "吴澄", "eraSimp": "元", "yearsSimp": "1249–1333", "descSimp": "此章为其第二十五章；以取天下尚不可以兵强，引王氏、苏氏；引政和注下夺民力、上违天时；兵之善者果决一时以定乱，不敢阻兵取胜；有道者常如婴儿孺子，故不老。其本作「善者果而已」「是谓果而勿强」。", "shortSimp": "吴注" }, { "id": "hanshan", "name": "憨山道德經解", "short": "憨山", "author": "釋德清", "work": "道德經解", "era": "明", "years": "1546–1623", "color": "#705a4a", "desc": "此章整章一注，以兵强為過甚之事，勢極則反；師處殘掠、大軍殺傷和氣；善用者果而已，了事便休，不敢取强；物壯易老，兵强速敗。其本「其事好」「炒壯則老」有脫訛，據文義校正。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "憨山道德经解", "workSimp": "道德经解", "authorSimp": "释德清", "eraSimp": "明", "yearsSimp": "1546–1623", "descSimp": "此章整章一注，以兵强为过甚之事，势极则反；师处残掠、大军杀伤和气；善用者果而已，了事便休，不敢取强；物壮易老，兵强速败。其本「其事好」「炒壮则老」有脱讹，据文义校正。", "shortSimp": "憨山" }, { "id": "weiyuan", "name": "魏源老子本義", "short": "魏本義", "author": "魏源", "work": "老子本義", "era": "清", "years": "1794–1857", "color": "#3d5a6a", "desc": "清儒治《老》，重校勘與通義；此章與第三十一章合為其第二十六章，以天道好還，以兵强天下非知道者；下奪民力、上違天時；善者即有道者，矜伐驕三病一源；五「而」字讀若「於」；物壯則老，違之者不道，宜其暴興必早已。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "魏源老子本义", "workSimp": "老子本义", "authorSimp": "魏源", "eraSimp": "清", "yearsSimp": "1794–1857", "descSimp": "清儒治《老》，重校勘与通义；此章与第三十一章合为其第二十六章，以天道好还，以兵强天下非知道者；下夺民力、上违天时；善者即有道者，矜伐骄三病一源；五「而」字读若「于」；物壮则老，违之者不道，宜其暴兴必早已。", "shortSimp": "魏本义" }, { "id": "wangfuzhi", "name": "船山衍", "short": "船山", "author": "王夫之", "work": "老子衍", "era": "清", "years": "1619–1692", "color": "#3f5d52", "desc": "此章整章一衍，以最下用兵以殺，其上用兵以生；功之門為害之府；善禁暴者俟其消，善治情者塞其息，善貴生者持其消息之間。其經文作「其事好遠」「善有果而已，不以取强」，又增「雖在必用兵之時」數句，非王弼本舊文。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "船山衍", "workSimp": "老子衍", "authorSimp": "王夫之", "eraSimp": "清", "yearsSimp": "1619–1692", "descSimp": "此章整章一衍，以最下用兵以杀，其上用兵以生；功之门为害之府；善禁暴者俟其消，善治情者塞其息，善贵生者持其消息之间。其经文作「其事好远」「善有果而已，不以取强」，又增「虽在必用兵之时」数句，非王弼本旧文。", "shortSimp": "船山" }, { "id": "translator", "name": "本站今譯", "short": "今譯", "author": "LibreBook 編者", "work": "今譯", "era": "當代", "years": "", "color": "#8a8a8a", "desc": "編者據舊注與上下文所作語體今譯，供閱讀參照。", "count": 6, "nameSimp": "本站今译", "workSimp": "今译", "authorSimp": "LibreBook 编者", "eraSimp": "当代", "yearsSimp": "", "descSimp": "编者据旧注与上下文所作语体今译，供阅读参照。", "shortSimp": "今译" } ], "sentences": [ { "id": "s001", "paragraph": 1, "text": "以道佐人主者，不以兵强天下，其事好還。", "textSimp": "以道佐人主者，不以兵强天下，其事好还。", "translation": "用道辅佐人主的人，不凭兵力逞强于天下；这样的事必然会回报到自己身上。", "translationTrad": "用道輔佐人主的人，不憑兵力逞強於天下；這樣的事必然會回報到自己身上。", "noteIds": [ "c001", "c002", "c008", "c009", "c015", "c016", "c021", "c022", "c031", "c037", "c038", "c039", "c044", "c048", "c049", "c050" ], "noteCount": 16, "charNoteIds": [ "n001", "n002", "n003" ], "key": "laozi-30:s001", "n": 1 }, { "id": "s002", "paragraph": 1, "text": "師之所處，荊棘生焉。", "textSimp": "师之所处，荆棘生焉。", "translation": "军队所驻扎的地方，荆棘丛生。", "translationTrad": "軍隊所駐紮的地方，荊棘叢生。", "noteIds": [ "c003", "c010", "c017", "c023", "c024", "c032", "c037", "c038", "c040", "c045", "c048", "c049", "c050" ], "noteCount": 13, "charNoteIds": [ "n004" ], "key": "laozi-30:s002", "n": 2 }, { "id": "s003", "paragraph": 1, "text": "大軍之後，必有凶年。", "textSimp": "大军之后，必有凶年。", "translation": "大战之后，必定出现荒年。", "translationTrad": "大戰之後，必定出現荒年。", "noteIds": [ "c003", "c010", "c023", "c024", "c032", "c037", "c038", "c040", "c045", "c048", "c049", "c050" ], "noteCount": 12, "charNoteIds": [ "n005" ], "key": "laozi-30:s003", "n": 3 }, { "id": "s004", "paragraph": 1, "text": "善有果而已，不敢以取强。", "textSimp": "善有果而已，不敢以取强。", "translation": "善于用兵的人，达到结果就停止，不敢凭武力逞强。", "translationTrad": "善於用兵的人，達到結果就停止，不敢憑武力逞強。", "noteIds": [ "c004", "c011", "c018", "c025", "c026", "c033", "c037", "c038", "c041", "c046", "c048", "c049", "c050" ], "noteCount": 13, "charNoteIds": [ "n006", "n007" ], "key": "laozi-30:s004", "n": 4 }, { "id": "s005", "paragraph": 1, "text": "果而勿矜，果而勿伐，果而勿驕，果而不得已，果而勿强。", "textSimp": "果而勿矜，果而勿伐，果而勿骄，果而不得已，果而勿强。", "translation": "达到结果而不自夸，达到结果而不自伐其功，达到结果而不骄纵，达到结果是出于不得已，达到结果而不逞强。", "translationTrad": "達到結果而不自誇，達到結果而不自伐其功，達到結果而不驕縱，達到結果是出於不得已，達到結果而不逞強。", "noteIds": [ "c005", "c006", "c012", "c013", "c019", "c025", "c026", "c027", "c028", "c034", "c035", "c037", "c038", "c042", "c046", "c048", "c049", "c050" ], "noteCount": 18, "charNoteIds": [ "n008", "n009", "n010" ], "key": "laozi-30:s005", "n": 5 }, { "id": "s006", "paragraph": 1, "text": "物壯則老，是謂不道，不道早已。", "textSimp": "物壮则老，是谓不道，不道早已。", "translation": "事物壮盛就会走向衰老，这叫做不合于道；不合于道，就会很快终止。", "translationTrad": "事物壯盛就會走向衰老，這叫做不合於道；不合於道，就會很快終止。", "noteIds": [ "c007", "c014", "c020", "c029", "c030", "c036", "c037", "c038", "c043", "c047", "c048", "c049", "c050" ], "noteCount": 13, "charNoteIds": [ "n011", "n012" ], "key": "laozi-30:s006", "n": 6 } ], "commentaries": [ { "id": "c001", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "以道佐人主者，不以兵强天下", "kind": "note", "text": "以道佐人主者，謂人主能以道自輔佐也。不以兵强天下，以道佐人主，以輔佐之主，不以兵革，順道任德，敵人自服也。", "authorNote": "此章河上公注據《玄德纂疏》卷八所引。", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "textSimp": "以道佐人主者，谓人主能以道自辅佐也。不以兵强天下，以道佐人主，以辅佐之主，不以兵革，顺道任德，敌人自服也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）（此章河上公注據《玄德纂疏》卷八所引。）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "此章河上公注据《玄德纂疏》卷八所引。", "lemmaSimp": "以道佐人主者，不以兵强天下" }, { "id": "c002", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "其事好還", "kind": "note", "text": "其舉事好還，自責不怨於人也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "textSimp": "其举事好还，自责不怨于人也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "lemmaSimp": "其事好还" }, { "id": "c003", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "師之所處，荊棘生焉……必有凶年", "kind": "note", "text": "農事廢，田事不修也。天應之以惡氣，即害五穀；五穀盡則傷人也。", "authorNote": "此注兼釋「大軍之後，必有凶年」。", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "textSimp": "农事废，田事不修也。天应之以恶气，即害五谷；五谷尽则伤人也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）（此注兼釋「大軍之後，必有凶年」。）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "此注兼释「大军之后，必有凶年」。", "lemmaSimp": "师之所处，荆棘生焉……必有凶年" }, { "id": "c004", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "故善者果而已，不敢以取强", "kind": "note", "text": "行善者當果敢而已然也。不敢以取强，不以果敢取强大之名。", "authorNote": "河上公本作「故善者果而已」。", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "textSimp": "行善者当果敢而已然也。不敢以取强，不以果敢取强大之名。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）（河上公本作「故善者果而已」。）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "河上公本作「故善者果而已」。", "lemmaSimp": "故善者果而已，不敢以取强" }, { "id": "c005", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "果而勿矜，果而勿伐，果而勿驕", "kind": "note", "text": "當果敢謙卑，勿自矜大；當果敢推讓，勿自伐取其美；驕，欺也，果敢勿以驕欺。", "authorNote": "此注兼釋「果而勿矜」「果而勿伐」「果而勿驕」。", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "textSimp": "当果敢谦卑，勿自矜大；当果敢推让，勿自伐取其美；骄，欺也，果敢勿以骄欺。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）（此注兼釋「果而勿矜」「果而勿伐」「果而勿驕」。）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "此注兼释「果而勿矜」「果而勿伐」「果而勿骄」。", "lemmaSimp": "果而勿矜，果而勿伐，果而勿骄" }, { "id": "c006", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "果而不得已，是果而勿强", "kind": "note", "text": "當果敢至誠，不當迫不得已也。是果而勿强，果敢勿以為强兵堅甲以侵陵人。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "textSimp": "当果敢至诚，不当迫不得已也。是果而勿强，果敢勿以为强兵坚甲以侵陵人。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "lemmaSimp": "果而不得已，是果而勿强" }, { "id": "c007", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s006", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "物壯則老……不道早已", "kind": "note", "text": "草木壯極則枯落，人壯極則衰老，言强者不可以為久。枯老者，坐不行道也；不行道者早死之也。", "authorNote": "此注兼釋「是謂不道」「不道早已」。", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "textSimp": "草木壮极则枯落，人壮极则衰老，言强者不可以为久。枯老者，坐不行道也；不行道者早死之也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）（此注兼釋「是謂不道」「不道早已」。）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "此注兼释「是谓不道」「不道早已」。", "lemmaSimp": "物壮则老……不道早已" }, { "id": "c008", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "以道佐人主者，不以兵强天下", "kind": "note", "text": "以道佐人主，尚不可以兵强於天下，況人主躬於道者乎。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "以道佐人主，尚不可以兵强于天下，况人主躬于道者乎。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "以道佐人主者，不以兵强天下" }, { "id": "c009", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "其事好還", "kind": "note", "text": "為始者務欲立功生事，而有道者務欲還反無為，故云其事好還也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "为始者务欲立功生事，而有道者务欲还反无为，故云其事好还也。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "其事好还" }, { "id": "c010", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "師之所處，荊棘生焉……必有凶年", "kind": "note", "text": "言師凶害之物也。無有所濟，必有所傷，賊害人民，殘荒田畝，故曰荊棘生也。", "authorNote": "此注兼釋「大軍之後，必有凶年」。", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "言师凶害之物也。无有所济，必有所伤，贼害人民，残荒田亩，故曰荆棘生也。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）（此注兼釋「大軍之後，必有凶年」。）", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》（《道藏》本）", "authorNoteSimp": "此注兼释「大军之后，必有凶年」。", "lemmaSimp": "师之所处，荆棘生焉……必有凶年" }, { "id": "c011", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "善有果而已，不敢以取强", "kind": "note", "text": "果猶濟也。言善用師者，趣以濟難而已矣，不以兵力取强於天下矣。", "authorNote": "王弼本作「善有果而已」，與河上公、唐玄宗等「故善者果而已」異。", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "果犹济也。言善用师者，趣以济难而已矣，不以兵力取强于天下矣。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）（王弼本作「善有果而已」，與河上公、唐玄宗等「故善者果而已」異。）", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》（《道藏》本）", "authorNoteSimp": "王弼本作「善有果而已」，与河上公、唐玄宗等「故善者果而已」异。", "lemmaSimp": "善有果而已，不敢以取强" }, { "id": "c012", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "果而勿矜，果而勿伐，果而勿驕", "kind": "note", "text": "吾不以師道為尚，不得已而用，何矜驕之有也。", "authorNote": "此注兼釋「果而勿矜」「果而勿伐」「果而勿驕」。", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "吾不以师道为尚，不得已而用，何矜骄之有也。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）（此注兼釋「果而勿矜」「果而勿伐」「果而勿驕」。）", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》（《道藏》本）", "authorNoteSimp": "此注兼释「果而勿矜」「果而勿伐」「果而勿骄」。", "lemmaSimp": "果而勿矜，果而勿伐，果而勿骄" }, { "id": "c013", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "果而不得已，果而勿强", "kind": "note", "text": "言用兵雖趣功果濟難，然時故不得已，當復用者，但當以除暴亂，不遂用果以為强也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "言用兵虽趣功果济难，然时故不得已，当复用者，但当以除暴乱，不遂用果以为强也。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "果而不得已，果而勿强" }, { "id": "c014", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s006", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "物壯則老……不道早已", "kind": "note", "text": "壯，武力暴興也。喻以兵强於天下者也。飄風不終朝，驟雨不終日，故暴興必不道早已也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "壮，武力暴兴也。喻以兵强于天下者也。飘风不终朝，骤雨不终日，故暴兴必不道早已也。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "物壮则老……不道早已" }, { "id": "c015", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "以道佐人主者，不以兵强天下", "kind": "note", "text": "以，用也；佐，輔弼也；人主，君王也。言用正道輔佐君王者，當偃武修文，導之以德，不可盛用强兵，逞暴天下。若作身心解者，即是三毒六根兵也。", "authorNote": "此章成玄英疏據《玄德纂疏》卷八所引。", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "textSimp": "以，用也；佐，辅弼也；人主，君王也。言用正道辅佐君王者，当偃武修文，导之以德，不可盛用强兵，逞暴天下。若作身心解者，即是三毒六根兵也。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）（此章成玄英疏據《玄德纂疏》卷八所引。）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "此章成玄英疏据《玄德纂疏》卷八所引。", "lemmaSimp": "以道佐人主者，不以兵强天下" }, { "id": "c016", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "其事好還", "kind": "note", "text": "還，返報也。言外用兵刃，即有怨敵之仇；內用三毒，還招三塗之報。此事必爾，故云好還。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "textSimp": "还，返报也。言外用兵刃，即有怨敌之仇；内用三毒，还招三涂之报。此事必尔，故云好还。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "lemmaSimp": "其事好还" }, { "id": "c017", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "師之所處，荊棘生焉", "kind": "note", "text": "師，軍眾也。言兵馬所行之處，害人損物，但有荊棘穢草，不生禾稼也。亦猶欲心馳騁之處，但增惡業，不生善惠。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "textSimp": "师，军众也。言兵马所行之处，害人损物，但有荆棘秽草，不生禾稼也。亦犹欲心驰骋之处，但增恶业，不生善惠。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "lemmaSimp": "师之所处，荆棘生焉" }, { "id": "c018", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "故善者果而已", "kind": "note", "text": "果，決定也；已，止。言修道善人，決定止此暴心而不用兵也。", "authorNote": "成玄英本作「故善者果而已」。", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "textSimp": "果，决定也；已，止。言修道善人，决定止此暴心而不用兵也。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）（成玄英本作「故善者果而已」。）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "成玄英本作「故善者果而已」。", "lemmaSimp": "故善者果而已" }, { "id": "c019", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "果而不得已", "kind": "note", "text": "如堯攻有苗、禹攻有扈，事不得已，非樂兵戈，是果而勿强，結成以前，是決定不用强兵之行也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "textSimp": "如尧攻有苗、禹攻有扈，事不得已，非乐兵戈，是果而勿强，结成以前，是决定不用强兵之行也。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "lemmaSimp": "果而不得已" }, { "id": "c020", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s006", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "物壯則老……不道早已", "kind": "note", "text": "物壯則老，炎極則涼，理之常數。物壯則老，其義必然，謂之非道。非道早已，物壯則老，兵强則衰，既不謙柔，故非真道，故應須止息而勿行也。", "authorNote": "成玄英本作「謂之非道，非道早已」。", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "textSimp": "物壮则老，炎极则凉，理之常数。物壮则老，其义必然，谓之非道。非道早已，物壮则老，兵强则衰，既不谦柔，故非真道，故应须止息而勿行也。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）（成玄英本作「謂之非道，非道早已」。）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "成玄英本作「谓之非道，非道早已」。", "lemmaSimp": "物壮则老……不道早已" }, { "id": "c021", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "以道佐人主者，不以兵强天下，其事好還", "kind": "note", "text": "人臣能以道輔佐人主者，當柔服以德，不用甲兵之威，取强於天下。夫兵者凶器，戰者危事；兵於加彼，彼必應之。其事既好還報，則勝負之數未可量。", "authorNote": "此為御注。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "人臣能以道辅佐人主者，当柔服以德，不用甲兵之威，取强于天下。夫兵者凶器，战者危事；兵于加彼，彼必应之。其事既好还报，则胜负之数未可量。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）（此為御注。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注。", "lemmaSimp": "以道佐人主者，不以兵强天下，其事好还" }, { "id": "c022", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "以道佐人主者，不以兵强天下，其事好還", "kind": "note", "text": "以，用也；佐，輔佐也；還，報也。言為人臣者，當用道化無為，輔佐人主，致君堯舜，是曰股肱。舞干羽於兩階，修文德於四海，令執大象而天下往，太階平而寰宇清。若震耀戈甲之威，窮黷侵伐之事，抗兵以加彼，彼亦必應之。其事既好還報，則勝負之數誰能預尅？", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "以，用也；佐，辅佐也；还，报也。言为人臣者，当用道化无为，辅佐人主，致君尧舜，是曰股肱。舞干羽于两阶，修文德于四海，令执大象而天下往，太阶平而寰宇清。若震耀戈甲之威，穷黩侵伐之事，抗兵以加彼，彼亦必应之。其事既好还报，则胜负之数谁能预尅？", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "以道佐人主者，不以兵强天下，其事好还" }, { "id": "c023", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "師之所處，荊棘生焉……必有凶年", "kind": "note", "text": "軍師所處，戰則妨農；農事不修，故生荊棘。兵器感害，水旱繼之；農廢於前，災隨其後，必有凶荒之年矣。", "authorNote": "此為御注。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "军师所处，战则妨农；农事不修，故生荆棘。兵器感害，水旱继之；农废于前，灾随其后，必有凶荒之年矣。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）（此為御注。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注。", "lemmaSimp": "师之所处，荆棘生焉……必有凶年" }, { "id": "c024", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "師之所處，荊棘生焉……必有凶年", "kind": "note", "text": "師，君師也。又《易》曰：師，眾也。夫興師動眾，則人勞於役；行齎居送，則妨功害農。農事不修，故生荊棘。大軍之後，積費既多，加以和氣致祥，兵器感害，水旱相繼，稼穡不成，故必有凶荒之年，以報窮兵之怨爾。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "师，君师也。又《易》曰：师，众也。夫兴师动众，则人劳于役；行赍居送，则妨功害农。农事不修，故生荆棘。大军之后，积费既多，加以和气致祥，兵器感害，水旱相继，稼穑不成，故必有凶荒之年，以报穷兵之怨尔。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "师之所处，荆棘生焉……必有凶年" }, { "id": "c025", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "善有果而已，不敢以取强……果而勿驕", "kind": "note", "text": "善輔相者，果於止敵，蓋在於安人和眾，必不敢求勝取强。故雖果於止敵，敵不為寇，慎勿矜功伐取，以自驕盈，故為深戒也。", "authorNote": "此為御注。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "善辅相者，果于止敌，盖在于安人和众，必不敢求胜取强。故虽果于止敌，敌不为寇，慎勿矜功伐取，以自骄盈，故为深戒也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）（此為御注。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注。", "lemmaSimp": "善有果而已，不敢以取强……果而勿骄" }, { "id": "c026", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "善有果而已，不敢以取强……果而勿驕", "kind": "note", "text": "故善者果而已，不敢以取强。《春秋》曰：殺敵為果。今明殺敵者，令不相侵，止其為暴，是知殺敵為果，即止敵也。故老君云：凡事不得已而欲用兵之士，但求止敵，令不為寇，必不得以眾暴寡、陵人取强，則其事好卻還報，是以戒令不敢，云不敢以取强。夫用兵之善，果於止敵；止敵自矜，未名善勝，故雖能止敵，慎勿矜誇；矜誇則傷於伐取，故雖果於止敵，戒云勿伐其功；若必伐取其功，是則自為驕泰，驕泰則樂殺，故敗不旋踵，此為明戒，可不慎乎？", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "故善者果而已，不敢以取强。《春秋》曰：杀敌为果。今明杀敌者，令不相侵，止其为暴，是知杀敌为果，即止敌也。故老君云：凡事不得已而欲用兵之士，但求止敌，令不为寇，必不得以众暴寡、陵人取强，则其事好却还报，是以戒令不敢，云不敢以取强。夫用兵之善，果于止敌；止敌自矜，未名善胜，故虽能止敌，慎勿矜夸；矜夸则伤于伐取，故虽果于止敌，戒云勿伐其功；若必伐取其功，是则自为骄泰，骄泰则乐杀，故败不旋踵，此为明戒，可不慎乎？", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "善有果而已，不敢以取强……果而勿骄" }, { "id": "c027", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "果而不得已，果而勿强", "kind": "note", "text": "夫果於止敵者，非好勝而陵人也；但前敵來侵，事不得已，故云果而不得已。已，止也。用兵應敵，是非求勝；能如此者，勝不恃强，故云果則勿强。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "夫果于止敌者，非好胜而陵人也；但前敌来侵，事不得已，故云果而不得已。已，止也。用兵应敌，是非求胜；能如此者，胜不恃强，故云果则勿强。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "果而不得已，果而勿强" }, { "id": "c028", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "果而不得已，果而勿强", "kind": "note", "text": "前敵來侵，不得休止，故用兵以止之；如是則果在於應敵，非果以取强也。", "authorNote": "此為御注。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "前敌来侵，不得休止，故用兵以止之；如是则果在于应敌，非果以取强也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）（此為御注。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注。", "lemmaSimp": "果而不得已，果而勿强" }, { "id": "c029", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s006", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "物壯則老，是謂不道，不道早已", "kind": "note", "text": "物之用壯，由兵之恃强；物壯則衰，兵强則敗，是謂不合於道，當須早止不為也。", "authorNote": "此為御注。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "物之用壮，由兵之恃强；物壮则衰，兵强则败，是谓不合于道，当须早止不为也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）（此為御注。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注。", "lemmaSimp": "物壮则老，是谓不道，不道早已" }, { "id": "c030", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s006", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "物壯則老，是謂不道，不道早已", "kind": "note", "text": "凡物壯極則老，兵强極則敗。故兵之恃强，猶物之用壯；物之用壯，適足以速其衰老；兵之恃强，則不可全其善勝。兹二事者，是謂不合於道。賢臣明主知其不合於道，當須早止不為，故云不道早已。已，猶止也。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "凡物壮极则老，兵强极则败。故兵之恃强，犹物之用壮；物之用壮，适足以速其衰老；兵之恃强，则不可全其善胜。兹二事者，是谓不合于道。贤臣明主知其不合于道，当须早止不为，故云不道早已。已，犹止也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "物壮则老，是谓不道，不道早已" }, { "id": "c031", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "以道佐人主者，不以兵强天下，其事好還", "kind": "note", "text": "忠臣輔於君上，賢相理於陰陽，以道勝於海內，不以兵强天下。下之事上，猶以道佐上；上自有道，寧專用兵？以道則彼此各安，用兵則互相侵伐，一來一往，故曰好還也。", "authorNote": "此章李榮注據《道藏》本，參《玄德纂疏》卷八所引。", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《道藏》本，參《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "忠臣辅于君上，贤相理于阴阳，以道胜于海内，不以兵强天下。下之事上，犹以道佐上；上自有道，宁专用兵？以道则彼此各安，用兵则互相侵伐，一来一往，故曰好还也。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《道藏》本，參《玄德纂疏》所引）（此章李榮注據《道藏》本，參《玄德纂疏》卷八所引。）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《道藏》本，参《玄德纂疏》所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "此章李荣注据《道藏》本，参《玄德纂疏》卷八所引。", "lemmaSimp": "以道佐人主者，不以兵强天下，其事好还" }, { "id": "c032", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "師之所處，荊棘生焉……必有凶年", "kind": "note", "text": "嘉禾不得植，荊棘所以生，此亦用兵之過也。", "authorNote": "此注兼釋「大軍之後，必有凶年」。", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《道藏》本，參《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "嘉禾不得植，荆棘所以生，此亦用兵之过也。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《道藏》本，參《玄德纂疏》所引）（此注兼釋「大軍之後，必有凶年」。）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《道藏》本，参《玄德纂疏》所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "此注兼释「大军之后，必有凶年」。", "lemmaSimp": "师之所处，荆棘生焉……必有凶年" }, { "id": "c033", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "故善者果而已，不敢以取强", "kind": "note", "text": "能用為善，殺敵為果。賊來侵我，所以除之，不以國大兵强專用為是也。", "authorNote": "李榮本作「故善者果而已」。", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《道藏》本，參《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "能用为善，杀敌为果。贼来侵我，所以除之，不以国大兵强专用为是也。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《道藏》本，參《玄德纂疏》所引）（李榮本作「故善者果而已」。）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《道藏》本，参《玄德纂疏》所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "李荣本作「故善者果而已」。", "lemmaSimp": "故善者果而已，不敢以取强" }, { "id": "c034", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "果而勿矜，果而勿伐，果而勿驕", "kind": "note", "text": "自大為矜，取功為伐，好勝不已、示賢於敵謂之驕。故曰義兵王，應兵勝，忿兵死，驕兵滅。善用兵者，決定果敢，不矜不忿不貪不驕，迫不得已，從後應之；義在除敵救人，亦非恃力好戰矣。", "authorNote": "此注兼釋「果而勿矜」「果而勿伐」「果而勿驕」。", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《道藏》本，參《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "自大为矜，取功为伐，好胜不已、示贤于敌谓之骄。故曰义兵王，应兵胜，忿兵死，骄兵灭。善用兵者，决定果敢，不矜不忿不贪不骄，迫不得已，从后应之；义在除敌救人，亦非恃力好战矣。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《道藏》本，參《玄德纂疏》所引）（此注兼釋「果而勿矜」「果而勿伐」「果而勿驕」。）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《道藏》本，参《玄德纂疏》所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "此注兼释「果而勿矜」「果而勿伐」「果而勿骄」。", "lemmaSimp": "果而勿矜，果而勿伐，果而勿骄" }, { "id": "c035", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "是果而勿强", "kind": "note", "text": "心定能不驕不矜，行不得已者，是果而勿强也。", "authorNote": "李榮本作「是果而勿强」。", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《道藏》本，參《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "心定能不骄不矜，行不得已者，是果而勿强也。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《道藏》本，參《玄德纂疏》所引）（李榮本作「是果而勿强」。）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《道藏》本，参《玄德纂疏》所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "李荣本作「是果而勿强」。", "lemmaSimp": "是果而勿强" }, { "id": "c036", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s006", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "物壯則老，謂之非道，非道早已", "kind": "note", "text": "少而必長，盛而必衰，此物壯則老也。明以兵為强者，兵敗而必弱，故言非道也。是道可以常行，非道理宜先止也。", "authorNote": "李榮本作「謂之非道，非道早已」。", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《道藏》本，參《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "少而必长，盛而必衰，此物壮则老也。明以兵为强者，兵败而必弱，故言非道也。是道可以常行，非道理宜先止也。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《道藏》本，參《玄德纂疏》所引）（李榮本作「謂之非道，非道早已」。）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《道藏》本，参《玄德纂疏》所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "李荣本作「谓之非道，非道早已」。", "lemmaSimp": "物壮则老，谓之非道，非道早已" }, { "id": "c037", "block": 0, "source": "luxisheng", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "以道佐人主者……不道早已", "kind": "note", "text": "夫以道輔人主者，當以德服人心，不以甲兵之力取强於天下。何者？取强於人，人必惡之；天下之人惡之，則天下之兵加之矣。故我取强於人，人亦取勝於我；出乎己者反乎己，是以其事好還復焉。凡師旅所居，農耕必廢，則荊棘生於田畝，杼軸空於都鄙；重以殺害生民，感傷和炁，則必水旱洊臻，凶荒仍歲矣。人事既如彼，天意又如此，然則兵可去乎？曰：天生五材，廢一不可，誰能去兵？兵不可去，用之有道。故古之善用兵者，果而已矣，不以取强。何謂果哉？勿矜其能，勿伐其功，勿憍其心；雖果於三者，須不得已而後用；復果於濟雖而不止，猶不敢以取强焉，則是果而勿强矣。夫矜其能則好戰，好戰則不能安民；伐其功則易爭，易爭則不能和眾；憍其心則生事，生事則不能阜財。三果不存，七德盡廢，好勝弗已，怙力取强，亡之道也。於乎！物壯必老，兵强必敗，自然之勢，可不戒哉！且道以弱為用，而兵以強取勝，斯不合於道也明矣。不遠而復，故無祇悔；不道早已，則無大敗。《易》曰：迷復凶，有災眚；用行師，終有大敗，以其國君凶，至於十年不克征。不知早已之謂也。", "authorNote": "陸希聲此章整章一傳；其本作「故善者果而已」「果而勿憍」「是果而勿强」。", "citation": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "夫以道辅人主者，当以德服人心，不以甲兵之力取强于天下。何者？取强于人，人必恶之；天下之人恶之，则天下之兵加之矣。故我取强于人，人亦取胜于我；出乎己者反乎己，是以其事好还复焉。凡师旅所居，农耕必废，则荆棘生于田亩，杼轴空于都鄙；重以杀害生民，感伤和炁，则必水旱洊臻，凶荒仍岁矣。人事既如彼，天意又如此，然则兵可去乎？曰：天生五材，废一不可，谁能去兵？兵不可去，用之有道。故古之善用兵者，果而已矣，不以取强。何谓果哉？勿矜其能，勿伐其功，勿憍其心；虽果于三者，须不得已而后用；复果于济虽而不止，犹不敢以取强焉，则是果而勿强矣。夫矜其能则好战，好战则不能安民；伐其功则易争，易争则不能和众；憍其心则生事，生事则不能阜财。三果不存，七德尽废，好胜弗已，怙力取强，亡之道也。於乎！物壮必老，兵强必败，自然之势，可不戒哉！且道以弱为用，而兵以强取胜，斯不合于道也明矣。不远而复，故无祇悔；不道早已，则无大败。《易》曰：迷复凶，有灾眚；用行师，终有大败，以其国君凶，至于十年不克征。不知早已之谓也。", "citationFull": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本）（陸希聲此章整章一傳；其本作「故善者果而已」「果而勿憍」「是果而勿强」。）", "citationSimp": "陆希声《道德经传》（《道藏》本）", "authorNoteSimp": "陆希声此章整章一传；其本作「故善者果而已」「果而勿憍」「是果而勿强」。", "lemmaSimp": "以道佐人主者……不道早已" }, { "id": "c038", "block": 0, "source": "lvhuiqing", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "以道佐人主者……不道早已", "kind": "note", "text": "人主者，無為者也；佐人主者，有為者也。取天下不能無事而為之不已，其弊至於以兵强之。雖佐人主者，任在於有為，猶為不以道也，況於主道之無為乎？所以然者，以其事好還而已。以道服天下，則天下莫敢不服；而以兵强天下，亦將阻是而抗我矣，出乎爾者反乎爾者也。師之所處，荊棘生焉；大軍之後，必有凶年。師之毒天下如此，故善用兵者果而已。果者，剋敵者也。敵而剋之，造攻自鳴條，朕哉自亳，剋敵之謂也。出於不得已，非所恃以取强也。果而勿矜其能，果而勿伐其功，果而勿驕其勢，其果常出於不得已，是乃果而勿强之道也。如果而矜其能，果而伐其功，果而驕其勢，則是果於强，非果於不得已者也。凡少則壯，壯則老，物之情也。道也者，貴於守柔以為强，乃所以久而無殆者也。若以兵强天下，則是棄柔而用壯，壯而必老，則物而已，豈道之所以物物哉？故曰：物壯則老，是謂不道，不道早已。", "authorNote": "呂惠卿此章整章一傳；其本作「故善者果而已」。", "citation": "呂惠卿《道德真經傳》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "人主者，无为者也；佐人主者，有为者也。取天下不能无事而为之不已，其弊至于以兵强之。虽佐人主者，任在于有为，犹为不以道也，况于主道之无为乎？所以然者，以其事好还而已。以道服天下，则天下莫敢不服；而以兵强天下，亦将阻是而抗我矣，出乎尔者反乎尔者也。师之所处，荆棘生焉；大军之后，必有凶年。师之毒天下如此，故善用兵者果而已。果者，克敌者也。敌而克之，造攻自鸣条，朕哉自亳，克敌之谓也。出于不得已，非所恃以取强也。果而勿矜其能，果而勿伐其功，果而勿骄其势，其果常出于不得已，是乃果而勿强之道也。如果而矜其能，果而伐其功，果而骄其势，则是果于强，非果于不得已者也。凡少则壮，壮则老，物之情也。道也者，贵于守柔以为强，乃所以久而无殆者也。若以兵强天下，则是弃柔而用壮，壮而必老，则物而已，岂道之所以物物哉？故曰：物壮则老，是谓不道，不道早已。", "citationFull": "呂惠卿《道德真經傳》（《道藏》本）（呂惠卿此章整章一傳；其本作「故善者果而已」。）", "citationSimp": "吕惠卿《道德真经传》（《道藏》本）", "authorNoteSimp": "吕惠卿此章整章一传；其本作「故善者果而已」。", "lemmaSimp": "以道佐人主者……不道早已" }, { "id": "c039", "block": 0, "source": "suzhe", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "以道佐人主者，不以兵强天下，其事好還", "kind": "note", "text": "聖人用兵皆出不得已；非不得已而欲以强勝天下，雖或能勝，其禍必還報之。楚靈、齊湣、秦始皇、漢孝武，或以殺其身，或以禍其子孫。人之所毒，鬼之所疾，未有得免者也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "圣人用兵皆出不得已；非不得已而欲以强胜天下，虽或能胜，其祸必还报之。楚灵、齐湣、秦始皇、汉孝武，或以杀其身，或以祸其子孙。人之所毒，鬼之所疾，未有得免者也。", "citationFull": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "苏辙《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "以道佐人主者，不以兵强天下，其事好还" }, { "id": "c040", "block": 0, "source": "suzhe", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "師之所處，荊棘生焉……必有凶年", "kind": "note", "text": "兵之所在，民事廢，故田不修；用兵之後，殺氣勝，故年穀傷。凡兵皆然，而況以兵强天下者耶？", "authorNote": "此注兼釋「大軍之後，必有凶年」。", "citation": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "兵之所在，民事废，故田不修；用兵之后，杀气胜，故年谷伤。凡兵皆然，而况以兵强天下者耶？", "citationFull": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本）（此注兼釋「大軍之後，必有凶年」。）", "citationSimp": "苏辙《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "authorNoteSimp": "此注兼释「大军之后，必有凶年」。", "lemmaSimp": "师之所处，荆棘生焉……必有凶年" }, { "id": "c041", "block": 0, "source": "suzhe", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "故善者果而已，不敢以取强", "kind": "note", "text": "果，決也。德所不能綏，政所不能服，不得已而後以兵決之耳。", "authorNote": "蘇轍本作「故善者果而已」。", "citation": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "果，决也。德所不能绥，政所不能服，不得已而后以兵决之耳。", "citationFull": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本）（蘇轍本作「故善者果而已」。）", "citationSimp": "苏辙《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "authorNoteSimp": "苏辙本作「故善者果而已」。", "lemmaSimp": "故善者果而已，不敢以取强" }, { "id": "c042", "block": 0, "source": "suzhe", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "果而勿矜，果而勿伐，果而勿驕，果而不得已，是果而勿强", "kind": "note", "text": "勿矜、勿伐、勿驕、不得已四者，所以為勿强也。", "authorNote": "蘇轍本作「是果而勿强」。", "citation": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "勿矜、勿伐、勿骄、不得已四者，所以为勿强也。", "citationFull": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本）（蘇轍本作「是果而勿强」。）", "citationSimp": "苏辙《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "authorNoteSimp": "苏辙本作「是果而勿强」。", "lemmaSimp": "果而勿矜，果而勿伐，果而勿骄，果而不得已，是果而勿强" }, { "id": "c043", "block": 0, "source": "suzhe", "target": { "start": "s006", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "物壯則老，是謂不道，不道早已", "kind": "note", "text": "壯之必老，物無不然者。唯有道者成而若缺，盈而若沖，未嘗壯故未嘗老，未嘗死。以兵强天下，壯亦甚矣，而能無老乎？", "authorNote": "", "citation": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "壮之必老，物无不然者。唯有道者成而若缺，盈而若冲，未尝壮故未尝老，未尝死。以兵强天下，壮亦甚矣，而能无老乎？", "citationFull": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "苏辙《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "物壮则老，是谓不道，不道早已" }, { "id": "c044", "block": 0, "source": "wucheng", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "以道佐人主者，不以兵强天下，其事好還", "kind": "note", "text": "王氏曰：以道佐人主，尚不可以兵强天下，況人主躬於道者乎？蘇氏曰：聖人用兵皆出不得已；非不得已而欲以强勝天下，雖或能勝，其禍必還報之。楚靈、齊湣、秦皇、漢武，或以殺其身，或禍其子孫。人之所毒，鬼之所疾，未有得免者也。", "authorNote": "吳澄章末署「右第二十五章」。", "citation": "吳澄《道德真經注》", "textSimp": "王氏曰：以道佐人主，尚不可以兵强天下，况人主躬于道者乎？苏氏曰：圣人用兵皆出不得已；非不得已而欲以强胜天下，虽或能胜，其祸必还报之。楚灵、齐湣、秦皇、汉武，或以杀其身，或祸其子孙。人之所毒，鬼之所疾，未有得免者也。", "citationFull": "吳澄《道德真經注》（吳澄章末署「右第二十五章」。）", "citationSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》", "authorNoteSimp": "吴澄章末署「右第二十五章」。", "lemmaSimp": "以道佐人主者，不以兵强天下，其事好还" }, { "id": "c045", "block": 0, "source": "wucheng", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "師之所處，荊棘生焉……必有凶年", "kind": "note", "text": "政和註曰：下奪民力，故荊棘生；上違天時，故有凶年。蘇氏曰：兵之所在，民事廢，田不修；用兵之後，殺氣勝，年穀傷。凡兵皆然，況以兵强天下邪？", "authorNote": "", "citation": "吳澄《道德真經注》", "textSimp": "政和注曰：下夺民力，故荆棘生；上违天时，故有凶年。苏氏曰：兵之所在，民事废，田不修；用兵之后，杀气胜，年谷伤。凡兵皆然，况以兵强天下邪？", "citationFull": "吳澄《道德真經注》", "citationSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》", "lemmaSimp": "师之所处，荆棘生焉……必有凶年" }, { "id": "c046", "block": 0, "source": "wucheng", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "善者果而已……是謂果而勿强", "kind": "note", "text": "兵之善者，果決於一時以定亂而已，不敢阻兵弗戰以取勝而為强也。蘇氏曰：勿矜、勿伐、勿驕、不得已四者，所以為勿强也。", "authorNote": "此注兼釋「果而勿矜」以下四句；吳澄本作「善者果而已」「是謂果而勿强」。", "citation": "吳澄《道德真經注》", "textSimp": "兵之善者，果决于一时以定乱而已，不敢阻兵弗战以取胜而为强也。苏氏曰：勿矜、勿伐、勿骄、不得已四者，所以为勿强也。", "citationFull": "吳澄《道德真經注》（此注兼釋「果而勿矜」以下四句；吳澄本作「善者果而已」「是謂果而勿强」。）", "citationSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》", "authorNoteSimp": "此注兼释「果而勿矜」以下四句；吴澄本作「善者果而已」「是谓果而勿强」。", "lemmaSimp": "善者果而已……是谓果而勿强" }, { "id": "c047", "block": 0, "source": "wucheng", "target": { "start": "s006", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "物壯則老，是謂不道，不道早已", "kind": "note", "text": "有道者常如嬰兒孺子，故能不老而長年。若壯則必老，此不道者也。不道者早已，言其不能久也。蘇氏曰：壯之必老，物無不然，惟有道者成而若缺，盈而若沖，未嘗壯故未嘗老，未嘗死。以兵强天下，壯亦甚矣，能無老乎？", "authorNote": "", "citation": "吳澄《道德真經注》", "textSimp": "有道者常如婴儿孺子，故能不老而长年。若壮则必老，此不道者也。不道者早已，言其不能久也。苏氏曰：壮之必老，物无不然，惟有道者成而若缺，盈而若冲，未尝壮故未尝老，未尝死。以兵强天下，壮亦甚矣，能无老乎？", "citationFull": "吳澄《道德真經注》", "citationSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》", "lemmaSimp": "物壮则老，是谓不道，不道早已" }, { "id": "c048", "block": 0, "source": "hanshan", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "以道佐人主者……不道早已", "kind": "note", "text": "此言聖人不為已甚，故誡之不可以兵强天下也。凡以兵强者，過甚之事也。勢極則反，故其事好還。師之所處，必蹂踐民物，無不殘掠，故荊棘生。大軍之後，殺傷和氣，故五穀疵癘而年歲凶，此必然之勢也。然於濟弱扶傾、除暴救民，蓋有不得不用之者，惟在善用。善用者，果而已。已者，休也，此也；果，猶言結果。俗云了事便休，謂但可了事令其平服便休，不敢以此常取强焉。縱能了事，而亦不可自矜其能，亦不可自伐其功，亦不可驕恃其氣；到底若出不得已。此所謂果而不可以取强也。取强者，速敗之道。且物壯甚則易老，況兵强乎？凡物恃其强壯而過動者，必易傷。如世人恃强而用力過者，必夭死於力；恃壯而過於酒色者，必夭死於酒色，蓋傷元氣也。元氣傷則死之速，兵强亦然。故曰是謂不道，不道早已。已者，絕也；又已者，止也，言既知其為不道，則當速止而不可再為也，亦通。孟子言威天下不以兵革之利，其有聞於此乎。", "authorNote": "憨山此章整章一注；其本作「其事好」「善者果而已」「炒壯則老」，均據文義校正。", "citation": "釋德清《道德經解》", "textSimp": "此言圣人不为已甚，故诫之不可以兵强天下也。凡以兵强者，过甚之事也。势极则反，故其事好还。师之所处，必蹂践民物，无不残掠，故荆棘生。大军之后，杀伤和气，故五谷疵疠而年岁凶，此必然之势也。然于济弱扶倾、除暴救民，盖有不得不用之者，惟在善用。善用者，果而已。已者，休也，此也；果，犹言结果。俗云了事便休，谓但可了事令其平服便休，不敢以此常取强焉。纵能了事，而亦不可自矜其能，亦不可自伐其功，亦不可骄恃其气；到底若出不得已。此所谓果而不可以取强也。取强者，速败之道。且物壮甚则易老，况兵强乎？凡物恃其强壮而过动者，必易伤。如世人恃强而用力过者，必夭死于力；恃壮而过于酒色者，必夭死于酒色，盖伤元气也。元气伤则死之速，兵强亦然。故曰是谓不道，不道早已。已者，绝也；又已者，止也，言既知其为不道，则当速止而不可再为也，亦通。孟子言威天下不以兵革之利，其有闻于此乎。", "citationFull": "釋德清《道德經解》（憨山此章整章一注；其本作「其事好」「善者果而已」「炒壯則老」，均據文義校正。）", "citationSimp": "释德清《道德经解》", "authorNoteSimp": "憨山此章整章一注；其本作「其事好」「善者果而已」「炒壮则老」，均据文义校正。", "lemmaSimp": "以道佐人主者……不道早已" }, { "id": "c049", "block": 0, "source": "weiyuan", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "以道佐人主者……不道早已", "kind": "note", "text": "天道好還，則以兵强天下，非知道者也。以道佐人主者尚不可，而況人主躬於道者乎？下奪民力，故荊棘生；上違天時，故有凶年。所謂善者，即有道者也。矜者自恃，伐者誇大，驕者恣肆，三病一源；知其不可而能自克者，非果斷不能也，故歷言當果之數事以曉之。五「而」字當讀若「於」字，古而、如通用，聲近義同；人皆果於彼，我獨果於此也。物壯則老，此天道也；而違之者是不道矣，宜其暴興者必早已也。", "authorNote": "魏源此章與第三十一章合為一章，署「右第二十六章」；此條僅錄其釋第三十章語。", "citation": "魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "天道好还，则以兵强天下，非知道者也。以道佐人主者尚不可，而况人主躬于道者乎？下夺民力，故荆棘生；上违天时，故有凶年。所谓善者，即有道者也。矜者自恃，伐者夸大，骄者恣肆，三病一源；知其不可而能自克者，非果断不能也，故历言当果之数事以晓之。五「而」字当读若「于」字，古而、如通用，声近义同；人皆果于彼，我独果于此也。物壮则老，此天道也；而违之者是不道矣，宜其暴兴者必早已也。", "citationFull": "魏源《老子本義》（魏源此章與第三十一章合為一章，署「右第二十六章」；此條僅錄其釋第三十章語。）", "citationSimp": "魏源《老子本义》", "authorNoteSimp": "魏源此章与第三十一章合为一章，署「右第二十六章」；此条仅录其释第三十章语。", "lemmaSimp": "以道佐人主者……不道早已" }, { "id": "c050", "block": 0, "source": "wangfuzhi", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "以道佐人主者……不道早已", "kind": "note", "text": "最下用兵以殺，其上用兵以生。夫以生生者且贅，而況殺生乎？人未嘗不生，而我何勸？又況夫功之門為害之府也。人未嘗不生，不能聽其生；物未嘗不殺，不能恃其殺。須臾之不忍，而自命為果，不已誣乎？故善禁暴者，俟其消，不摧其息；善治情者，塞其息，不强其消；善貴生者，持其消息之間，不犯其消息之沖。雖有患，不至於早已。", "authorNote": "王夫之此章整章一衍；其經文作「其事好遠」「善有果而已，不以取强」，又於「果而勿强」下增「雖在必用兵之時，禍發必克，猶當以五者居心」數句，非王弼本舊文。", "citation": "王夫之《老子衍》", "textSimp": "最下用兵以杀，其上用兵以生。夫以生生者且赘，而况杀生乎？人未尝不生，而我何劝？又况夫功之门为害之府也。人未尝不生，不能听其生；物未尝不杀，不能恃其杀。须臾之不忍，而自命为果，不已诬乎？故善禁暴者，俟其消，不摧其息；善治情者，塞其息，不强其消；善贵生者，持其消息之间，不犯其消息之冲。虽有患，不至于早已。", "citationFull": "王夫之《老子衍》（王夫之此章整章一衍；其經文作「其事好遠」「善有果而已，不以取强」，又於「果而勿强」下增「雖在必用兵之時，禍發必克，猶當以五者居心」數句，非王弼本舊文。）", "citationSimp": "王夫之《老子衍》", "authorNoteSimp": "王夫之此章整章一衍；其经文作「其事好远」「善有果而已，不以取强」，又于「果而勿强」下增「虽在必用兵之时，祸发必克，犹当以五者居心」数句，非王弼本旧文。", "lemmaSimp": "以道佐人主者……不道早已" } ], "charNotes": [ { "id": "n001", "sentenceId": "s001", "start": 2, "end": 3, "char": "佐", "charSimp": "佐", "startSimp": 2, "endSimp": 3, "pinyin": "zuǒ", "gloss": "輔佐、輔助。", "glossSimp": "辅佐、辅助。", "general": "河上公謂人主能以道自輔佐；王弼謂以道佐人主尚不可以兵强天下，況人主躬道；成玄英以佐為輔弼，謂用正道輔佐君王當偃武修文；唐玄宗御疏以佐為輔佐，謂為人臣當用道化無為輔佐人主；李榮以忠臣輔於君上、賢相理於陰陽；吳澄引王氏說；憨山謂此承上章誡人臣不可以兵强天下。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓人主能以道自辅佐；王弼谓以道佐人主尚不可以兵强天下，况人主躬道；成玄英以佐为辅弼，谓用正道辅佐君王当偃武修文；唐玄宗御疏以佐为辅佐，谓为人臣当用道化无为辅佐人主；李荣以忠臣辅于君上、贤相理于阴阳；吴澄引王氏说；憨山谓此承上章诫人臣不可以兵强天下。", "variants": [ "輔弼" ], "variantsSimp": [ "辅弼" ], "refs": [ "河上公注", "王弼注", "成玄英疏", "御疏", "李榮注", "吳澄道德真經注", "憨山道德經解" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "王弼注", "成玄英疏", "御疏", "李荣注", "吴澄道德真经注", "憨山道德经解" ] }, { "id": "n002", "sentenceId": "s001", "start": 16, "end": 18, "char": "好還", "charSimp": "好还", "startSimp": 16, "endSimp": 18, "pinyin": "hǎo huán", "gloss": "報應循環，終必回到自身。", "glossSimp": "报应循环，终必回到自身。", "general": "河上公謂舉事好還，自責不怨於人；王弼謂為始者欲立功生事，有道者務還反無為，故云好還；成玄英以還為返報，外用兵刃則有怨仇，內用三毒則招三塗之報；唐玄宗御注謂兵加彼必應、勝負之數未可量，御疏謂抗兵加彼則還報；李榮謂用兵則互相侵伐、一來一往故曰好還；陸希聲謂取强於人則人亦取勝於我；呂惠卿謂出乎爾者反乎爾；蘇轍以楚靈、齊湣、秦皇、漢武證禍必還報；魏源謂天道好還；王夫之作「其事好遠」，憨山底本脫「還」字。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓举事好还，自责不怨于人；王弼谓为始者欲立功生事，有道者务还反无为，故云好还；成玄英以还为返报，外用兵刃则有怨仇，内用三毒则招三涂之报；唐玄宗御注谓兵加彼必应、胜负之数未可量，御疏谓抗兵加彼则还报；李荣谓用兵则互相侵伐、一来一往故曰好还；陆希声谓取强于人则人亦取胜于我；吕惠卿谓出乎尔者反乎尔；苏辙以楚灵、齐湣、秦皇、汉武证祸必还报；魏源谓天道好还；王夫之作「其事好远」，憨山底本脱「还」字。", "variants": [ "好遠", "其事好" ], "variantsSimp": [ "好远", "其事好" ], "refs": [ "河上公注", "王弼注", "成玄英疏", "御注", "御疏", "李榮注", "陸希聲傳", "呂惠卿傳", "蘇轍老子解", "魏源老子本義", "王夫之老子衍", "憨山道德經解" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "王弼注", "成玄英疏", "御注", "御疏", "李荣注", "陆希声传", "吕惠卿传", "苏辙老子解", "魏源老子本义", "王夫之老子衍", "憨山道德经解" ] }, { "id": "n003", "sentenceId": "s001", "start": 9, "end": 11, "char": "兵强", "charSimp": "兵强", "startSimp": 9, "endSimp": 11, "pinyin": "bīng qiáng", "gloss": "以兵力逞強於天下。", "glossSimp": "以兵力逞强于天下。", "general": "河上公謂不以兵革、順道任德，敵人自服；王弼謂以道佐人主尚不可以兵强天下，況人主躬道；成玄英謂不可盛用强兵、逞暴天下；唐玄宗謂不用甲兵之威取强於天下；李榮謂不以國大兵强專用；陸希聲謂不以甲兵之力取强於天下；呂惠卿謂以兵强天下則阻是而抗我；蘇轍謂以兵强天下，壯亦甚矣；吳澄引王氏說；憨山謂兵强為過甚之事；魏源謂以兵强天下非知道者。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓不以兵革、顺道任德，敌人自服；王弼谓以道佐人主尚不可以兵强天下，况人主躬道；成玄英谓不可盛用强兵、逞暴天下；唐玄宗谓不用甲兵之威取强于天下；李荣谓不以国大兵强专用；陆希声谓不以甲兵之力取强于天下；吕惠卿谓以兵强天下则阻是而抗我；苏辙谓以兵强天下，壮亦甚矣；吴澄引王氏说；憨山谓兵强为过甚之事；魏源谓以兵强天下非知道者。", "variants": [ "兵革", "甲兵" ], "variantsSimp": [ "兵革", "甲兵" ], "refs": [ "河上公注", "王弼注", "成玄英疏", "御注", "李榮注", "陸希聲傳", "呂惠卿傳", "蘇轍老子解", "吳澄道德真經注", "憨山道德經解", "魏源老子本義" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "王弼注", "成玄英疏", "御注", "李荣注", "陆希声传", "吕惠卿传", "苏辙老子解", "吴澄道德真经注", "憨山道德经解", "魏源老子本义" ] }, { "id": "n004", "sentenceId": "s002", "start": 5, "end": 7, "char": "荊棘", "charSimp": "荆棘", "startSimp": 5, "endSimp": 7, "pinyin": "jīng jí", "gloss": "荊棘叢生，喻農田荒廢。", "glossSimp": "荆棘丛生，喻农田荒废。", "general": "河上公謂農事廢、田事不修，故生荊棘；王弼謂師為凶害之物，賊害人民、殘荒田畝，故曰荊棘生；成玄英謂兵馬所行之處害人損物，但有荊棘穢草、不生禾稼；唐玄宗御注謂戰則妨農、農事不修故生荊棘，御疏謂興師動眾妨功害農；李榮謂嘉禾不得植、荊棘所以生；蘇轍謂兵之所在民事廢、故田不修；吳澄引政和註謂下奪民力故荊棘生；憨山謂師之所處必蹂踐民物、無不殘掠；魏源謂下奪民力故荊棘生。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓农事废、田事不修，故生荆棘；王弼谓师为凶害之物，贼害人民、残荒田亩，故曰荆棘生；成玄英谓兵马所行之处害人损物，但有荆棘秽草、不生禾稼；唐玄宗御注谓战则妨农、农事不修故生荆棘，御疏谓兴师动众妨功害农；李荣谓嘉禾不得植、荆棘所以生；苏辙谓兵之所在民事废、故田不修；吴澄引政和注谓下夺民力故荆棘生；憨山谓师之所处必蹂践民物、无不残掠；魏源谓下夺民力故荆棘生。", "variants": [ "荊棘穢草" ], "variantsSimp": [ "荆棘秽草" ], "refs": [ "河上公注", "王弼注", "成玄英疏", "御注", "御疏", "李榮注", "蘇轍老子解", "吳澄道德真經注", "憨山道德經解", "魏源老子本義" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "王弼注", "成玄英疏", "御注", "御疏", "李荣注", "苏辙老子解", "吴澄道德真经注", "憨山道德经解", "魏源老子本义" ] }, { "id": "n005", "sentenceId": "s003", "start": 7, "end": 9, "char": "凶年", "charSimp": "凶年", "startSimp": 7, "endSimp": 9, "pinyin": "xiōng nián", "gloss": "荒年、饑荒之年。", "glossSimp": "荒年、饥荒之年。", "general": "河上公謂天應之以惡氣，即害五穀，五穀盡則傷人；王弼以師為凶害之物、殘荒田畝；唐玄宗御注謂兵器感害、水旱繼之，必有凶荒之年，御疏謂積費既多、水旱相繼、稼穡不成；李榮謂大軍之後必有凶年、嘉禾不得植；蘇轍謂用兵之後殺氣勝、故年穀傷；吳澄引政和註謂上違天時故有凶年；憨山謂大軍之後殺傷和氣、故五穀疵癘而年歲凶；魏源謂上違天時故有凶年。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓天应之以恶气，即害五谷，五谷尽则伤人；王弼以师为凶害之物、残荒田亩；唐玄宗御注谓兵器感害、水旱继之，必有凶荒之年，御疏谓积费既多、水旱相继、稼穑不成；李荣谓大军之后必有凶年、嘉禾不得植；苏辙谓用兵之后杀气胜、故年谷伤；吴澄引政和注谓上违天时故有凶年；憨山谓大军之后杀伤和气、故五谷疵疠而年岁凶；魏源谓上违天时故有凶年。", "variants": [ "凶荒" ], "variantsSimp": [ "凶荒" ], "refs": [ "河上公注", "王弼注", "御注", "御疏", "李榮注", "蘇轍老子解", "吳澄道德真經注", "憨山道德經解", "魏源老子本義" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "王弼注", "御注", "御疏", "李荣注", "苏辙老子解", "吴澄道德真经注", "憨山道德经解", "魏源老子本义" ] }, { "id": "n006", "sentenceId": "s004", "start": 2, "end": 3, "char": "果", "charSimp": "果", "startSimp": 2, "endSimp": 3, "pinyin": "guǒ", "gloss": "結果、成功；一說果決、止敵。", "glossSimp": "结果、成功；一说果决、止敌。", "general": "河上公謂行善者當果敢而已然也；王弼謂果猶濟也，善用師者趣以濟難而已；成玄英謂果為決定，止此暴心而不用兵；唐玄宗御注謂果於止敵，御疏引《春秋》殺敵為果、謂止敵即果；李榮謂殺敵為果、賊來侵我所以除之；陸希聲謂果而已矣、不以取强；呂惠卿謂果者剋敵、出於不得已；蘇轍謂果者決也、不得已而以兵決之；吳澄謂果決於一時以定亂；憨山謂果猶言結果、了事便休；魏源謂善者即有道者；王夫之謂自命為果、不已誣乎。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓行善者当果敢而已然也；王弼谓果犹济也，善用师者趣以济难而已；成玄英谓果为决定，止此暴心而不用兵；唐玄宗御注谓果于止敌，御疏引《春秋》杀敌为果、谓止敌即果；李荣谓杀敌为果、贼来侵我所以除之；陆希声谓果而已矣、不以取强；吕惠卿谓果者克敌、出于不得已；苏辙谓果者决也、不得已而以兵决之；吴澄谓果决于一时以定乱；憨山谓果犹言结果、了事便休；魏源谓善者即有道者；王夫之谓自命为果、不已诬乎。", "variants": [ "果決", "結果", "濟" ], "variantsSimp": [ "果决", "结果", "济" ], "refs": [ "河上公注", "王弼注", "成玄英疏", "御注", "御疏", "李榮注", "陸希聲傳", "呂惠卿傳", "蘇轍老子解", "吳澄道德真經注", "憨山道德經解", "魏源老子本義", "王夫之老子衍" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "王弼注", "成玄英疏", "御注", "御疏", "李荣注", "陆希声传", "吕惠卿传", "苏辙老子解", "吴澄道德真经注", "憨山道德经解", "魏源老子本义", "王夫之老子衍" ] }, { "id": "n007", "sentenceId": "s004", "start": 9, "end": 11, "char": "取强", "charSimp": "取强", "startSimp": 9, "endSimp": 11, "pinyin": "qǔ qiáng", "gloss": "逞強取勝、以武力壓人。", "glossSimp": "逞强取胜、以武力压人。", "general": "河上公謂不以果敢取强大之名；王弼謂不以兵力取强於天下；成玄英謂決定不用强兵；唐玄宗御注謂不敢求勝取强，御疏謂不得以眾暴寡、陵人取强；李榮謂不以國大兵强專用；陸希聲謂不敢以取强；呂惠卿謂非所恃以取强；蘇轍謂不敢以取强；吳澄謂不敢阻兵弗戰以取勝而為强；憨山謂不敢以此常取强；魏源謂不敢以取强。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓不以果敢取强大之名；王弼谓不以兵力取强于天下；成玄英谓决定不用强兵；唐玄宗御注谓不敢求胜取强，御疏谓不得以众暴寡、陵人取强；李荣谓不以国大兵强专用；陆希声谓不敢以取强；吕惠卿谓非所恃以取强；苏辙谓不敢以取强；吴澄谓不敢阻兵弗战以取胜而为强；憨山谓不敢以此常取强；魏源谓不敢以取强。", "variants": [ "取強大之名", "取勝" ], "variantsSimp": [ "取强大之名", "取胜" ], "refs": [ "河上公注", "王弼注", "成玄英疏", "御注", "御疏", "李榮注", "陸希聲傳", "呂惠卿傳", "蘇轍老子解", "吳澄道德真經注", "憨山道德經解", "魏源老子本義" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "王弼注", "成玄英疏", "御注", "御疏", "李荣注", "陆希声传", "吕惠卿传", "苏辙老子解", "吴澄道德真经注", "憨山道德经解", "魏源老子本义" ] }, { "id": "n008", "sentenceId": "s005", "start": 2, "end": 4, "char": "勿矜", "charSimp": "勿矜", "startSimp": 2, "endSimp": 4, "pinyin": "wù jīn", "gloss": "不要自誇其能。", "glossSimp": "不要自夸其能。", "general": "河上公謂當果敢謙卑，勿自矜大；王弼謂吾不以師道為尚、不得已而用，何矜驕之有；唐玄宗御注謂慎勿矜功伐取以自驕盈，御疏謂止敵自矜未名善勝；李榮謂自大為矜；陸希聲謂勿矜其能；呂惠卿謂果而勿矜其能；蘇轍謂勿矜所以為勿强；吳澄引蘇氏說；憨山謂不可自矜其能；魏源謂矜者自恃；王夫之謂五者居心。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓当果敢谦卑，勿自矜大；王弼谓吾不以师道为尚、不得已而用，何矜骄之有；唐玄宗御注谓慎勿矜功伐取以自骄盈，御疏谓止敌自矜未名善胜；李荣谓自大为矜；陆希声谓勿矜其能；吕惠卿谓果而勿矜其能；苏辙谓勿矜所以为勿强；吴澄引苏氏说；憨山谓不可自矜其能；魏源谓矜者自恃；王夫之谓五者居心。", "variants": [ "矜功", "自矜" ], "variantsSimp": [ "矜功", "自矜" ], "refs": [ "河上公注", "王弼注", "御注", "御疏", "李榮注", "陸希聲傳", "呂惠卿傳", "蘇轍老子解", "吳澄道德真經注", "憨山道德經解", "魏源老子本義", "王夫之老子衍" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "王弼注", "御注", "御疏", "李荣注", "陆希声传", "吕惠卿传", "苏辙老子解", "吴澄道德真经注", "憨山道德经解", "魏源老子本义", "王夫之老子衍" ] }, { "id": "n009", "sentenceId": "s005", "start": 7, "end": 9, "char": "勿伐", "charSimp": "勿伐", "startSimp": 7, "endSimp": 9, "pinyin": "wù fá", "gloss": "不要自誇功勞、自我表功。", "glossSimp": "不要自夸功劳、自我表功。", "general": "河上公謂當果敢推讓，勿自伐取其美；王弼謂何矜驕之有；唐玄宗御注謂勿矜功伐取，御疏謂戒云勿伐其功、伐取其功則自為驕泰；李榮謂取功為伐；陸希聲謂勿伐其功；呂惠卿謂果而勿伐其功；蘇轍謂勿伐所以為勿强；吳澄引蘇氏說；憨山謂不可自伐其功；魏源謂伐者誇大；王夫之謂五者居心。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓当果敢推让，勿自伐取其美；王弼谓何矜骄之有；唐玄宗御注谓勿矜功伐取，御疏谓戒云勿伐其功、伐取其功则自为骄泰；李荣谓取功为伐；陆希声谓勿伐其功；吕惠卿谓果而勿伐其功；苏辙谓勿伐所以为勿强；吴澄引苏氏说；憨山谓不可自伐其功；魏源谓伐者夸大；王夫之谓五者居心。", "variants": [ "伐取", "自伐" ], "variantsSimp": [ "伐取", "自伐" ], "refs": [ "河上公注", "王弼注", "御注", "御疏", "李榮注", "陸希聲傳", "呂惠卿傳", "蘇轍老子解", "吳澄道德真經注", "憨山道德經解", "魏源老子本義", "王夫之老子衍" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "王弼注", "御注", "御疏", "李荣注", "陆希声传", "吕惠卿传", "苏辙老子解", "吴澄道德真经注", "憨山道德经解", "魏源老子本义", "王夫之老子衍" ] }, { "id": "n010", "sentenceId": "s005", "start": 12, "end": 14, "char": "勿驕", "charSimp": "勿骄", "startSimp": 12, "endSimp": 14, "pinyin": "wù jiāo", "gloss": "不要驕縱自滿。", "glossSimp": "不要骄纵自满。", "general": "河上公謂驕、欺也，果敢勿以驕欺；王弼謂何矜驕之有；唐玄宗御注謂勿以自驕盈，御疏謂驕泰則樂殺、故敗不旋踵；李榮謂好勝不已、示賢於敵謂之驕，又引義兵王、應兵勝、忿兵死、驕兵滅；陸希聲作「果而勿憍」，謂勿憍其心；呂惠卿謂果而勿驕其勢；蘇轍謂勿驕所以為勿强；吳澄引蘇氏說；憨山謂不可驕恃其氣；魏源謂驕者恣肆。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓骄、欺也，果敢勿以骄欺；王弼谓何矜骄之有；唐玄宗御注谓勿以自骄盈，御疏谓骄泰则乐杀、故败不旋踵；李荣谓好胜不已、示贤于敌谓之骄，又引义兵王、应兵胜、忿兵死、骄兵灭；陆希声作「果而勿憍」，谓勿憍其心；吕惠卿谓果而勿骄其势；苏辙谓勿骄所以为勿强；吴澄引苏氏说；憨山谓不可骄恃其气；魏源谓骄者恣肆。", "variants": [ "憍" ], "variantsSimp": [ "憍" ], "refs": [ "河上公注", "王弼注", "御注", "御疏", "李榮注", "陸希聲傳", "呂惠卿傳", "蘇轍老子解", "吳澄道德真經注", "憨山道德經解", "魏源老子本義" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "王弼注", "御注", "御疏", "李荣注", "陆希声传", "吕惠卿传", "苏辙老子解", "吴澄道德真经注", "憨山道德经解", "魏源老子本义" ] }, { "id": "n011", "sentenceId": "s006", "start": 0, "end": 4, "char": "物壯則老", "charSimp": "物壮则老", "startSimp": 0, "endSimp": 4, "pinyin": "wù zhuàng zé lǎo", "gloss": "事物壯盛就會走向衰老。", "glossSimp": "事物壮盛就会走向衰老。", "general": "河上公謂草木壯極則枯落、人壯極則衰老，强者不可以為久；王弼謂壯為武力暴興、喻以兵强天下，飄風不終朝、驟雨不終日，故暴興必不道早已；成玄英謂物壯則老、炎極則涼，理之常數；唐玄宗御注謂物之用壯由兵之恃强、物壯則衰兵强則敗，御疏謂兵之恃强猶物之用壯、適足以速其衰老；李榮謂少而必長、盛而必衰；陸希聲謂物壯必老、兵强必敗；呂惠卿謂少則壯、壯則老，物之情也；蘇轍謂壯之必老，唯有道者未嘗壯故未嘗老；吳澄謂有道者常如嬰兒孺子、故不老而長年；憨山謂物壯甚則易老、況兵强乎；魏源謂物壯則老此天道也；王夫之謂消息之間不可犯其沖。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓草木壮极则枯落、人壮极则衰老，强者不可以为久；王弼谓壮为武力暴兴、喻以兵强天下，飘风不终朝、骤雨不终日，故暴兴必不道早已；成玄英谓物壮则老、炎极则凉，理之常数；唐玄宗御注谓物之用壮由兵之恃强、物壮则衰兵强则败，御疏谓兵之恃强犹物之用壮、适足以速其衰老；李荣谓少而必长、盛而必衰；陆希声谓物壮必老、兵强必败；吕惠卿谓少则壮、壮则老，物之情也；苏辙谓壮之必老，唯有道者未尝壮故未尝老；吴澄谓有道者常如婴儿孺子、故不老而长年；憨山谓物壮甚则易老、况兵强乎；魏源谓物壮则老此天道也；王夫之谓消息之间不可犯其冲。", "variants": [ "壯極則老", "兵强則衰" ], "variantsSimp": [ "壮极则老", "兵强则衰" ], "refs": [ "河上公注", "王弼注", "成玄英疏", "御注", "御疏", "李榮注", "陸希聲傳", "呂惠卿傳", "蘇轍老子解", "吳澄道德真經注", "憨山道德經解", "魏源老子本義", "王夫之老子衍" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "王弼注", "成玄英疏", "御注", "御疏", "李荣注", "陆希声传", "吕惠卿传", "苏辙老子解", "吴澄道德真经注", "憨山道德经解", "魏源老子本义", "王夫之老子衍" ] }, { "id": "n012", "sentenceId": "s006", "start": 10, "end": 14, "char": "不道早已", "charSimp": "不道早已", "startSimp": 10, "endSimp": 14, "pinyin": "bù dào zǎo yǐ", "gloss": "不合於道，就會很快終止；已，止也。", "glossSimp": "不合于道，就会很快终止；已，止也。", "general": "河上公謂枯老者坐不行道、不行道者早死之也；王弼謂暴興必不道早已；成玄英作「非道早已」，謂既不謙柔故非真道、應須止息勿行；唐玄宗御注謂不合於道當須早止不為，御疏謂已猶止也；李榮作「謂之非道，非道早已」，謂非道理宜先止；蘇轍謂唯有道者未嘗壯故未嘗老未嘗死，以兵强天下則能無老乎；吳澄謂不道者早已、言其不能久也；憨山謂已者絕也、又止也，知其為不道則當速止；魏源謂違之者不道、宜其暴興者必早已；王夫之謂雖有患不至於早已。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓枯老者坐不行道、不行道者早死之也；王弼谓暴兴必不道早已；成玄英作「非道早已」，谓既不谦柔故非真道、应须止息勿行；唐玄宗御注谓不合于道当须早止不为，御疏谓已犹止也；李荣作「谓之非道，非道早已」，谓非道理宜先止；苏辙谓唯有道者未尝壮故未尝老未尝死，以兵强天下则能无老乎；吴澄谓不道者早已、言其不能久也；憨山谓已者绝也、又止也，知其为不道则当速止；魏源谓违之者不道、宜其暴兴者必早已；王夫之谓虽有患不至于早已。", "variants": [ "非道早已", "早已" ], "variantsSimp": [ "非道早已", "早已" ], "refs": [ "河上公注", "王弼注", "成玄英疏", "御注", "御疏", "李榮注", "蘇轍老子解", "吳澄道德真經注", "憨山道德經解", "魏源老子本義", "王夫之老子衍" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "王弼注", "成玄英疏", "御注", "御疏", "李荣注", "苏辙老子解", "吴澄道德真经注", "憨山道德经解", "魏源老子本义", "王夫之老子衍" ] } ], "glossary": { "以道佐人主": "用道輔佐君主。佐，輔佐、輔助。", "佐": "輔佐、輔助。", "好還": "報應循環，終必回到自身。還，返報。", "兵强": "以兵力逞強於天下。", "荊棘": "荊棘叢生，喻農田荒廢。", "凶年": "荒年、饑荒之年。", "善有果而已": "善於用兵的人，達到結果就停止。果，結果、成功；已，止。", "果": "結果、成功；一說果決、止敵。", "取强": "逞強取勝、以武力壓人。", "勿矜": "不要自誇其能。矜，自誇、自恃。", "勿伐": "不要自誇功勞、自我表功。伐，誇耀。", "勿驕": "不要驕縱自滿。驕，驕矜、恣肆。", "不得已": "無可奈何、不得不如此。", "物壯則老": "事物壯盛就會走向衰老。", "不道早已": "不合於道，就會很快終止。已，止也。", "儉武": "河上公本章章題，謂儉於用兵、不以兵强天下。" }, "collations": [ { "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "章次與章題", "text": "河上公題「儉武第三十」，唐玄宗題「以道佐人主章第三十」，王弼本無章題。吳澄章末署「右第二十五章」，魏源合第三十、三十一章為其第二十六章並署「右第二十六章」；本站從王弼本分章。", "source": "河上公《老子道德經章句》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、王弼《老子道德經注》、吳澄《道德真經注》、魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "河上公题「俭武第三十」，唐玄宗题「以道佐人主章第三十」，王弼本无章题。吴澄章末署「右第二十五章」，魏源合第三十、三十一章为其第二十六章并署「右第二十六章」；本站从王弼本分章。", "headwordSimp": "章次与章题", "sourceSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、王弼《老子道德经注》、吴澄《道德真经注》、魏源《老子本义》", "id": "k001" }, { "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "其事好還", "text": "王弼、河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、魏源作「其事好還」；王夫之作「其事好遠」；憨山底本脫「還」字，作「其事好」。", "source": "王弼《老子道德經注》、河上公《老子道德經章句》、《玄德纂疏》所引諸家、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、憨山《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》、王夫之《老子衍》", "textSimp": "王弼、河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李荣、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、魏源作「其事好还」；王夫之作「其事好远」；憨山底本脱「还」字，作「其事好」。", "headwordSimp": "其事好还", "sourceSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》、河上公《老子道德经章句》、《玄德纂疏》所引诸家、李荣《道德真经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、憨山《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》、王夫之《老子衍》", "id": "k002" }, { "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "善有果而已", "text": "王弼本作「善有果而已」，河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山、魏源作「故善者果而已」；王夫之作「善有果而已，不以取强」。魏源校記云：「傅奕善上有故字，已下有矣字，取强下有焉字。王弼本，者作有。」", "source": "王弼《老子道德經注》、河上公《老子道德經章句》、《玄德纂疏》所引諸家、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、憨山《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》、王夫之《老子衍》", "textSimp": "王弼本作「善有果而已」，河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李荣、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、憨山、魏源作「故善者果而已」；王夫之作「善有果而已，不以取强」。魏源校记云：「傅奕善上有故字，已下有矣字，取强下有焉字。王弼本，者作有。」", "headwordSimp": "善有果而已", "sourceSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》、河上公《老子道德经章句》、《玄德纂疏》所引诸家、李荣《道德真经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、憨山《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》、王夫之《老子衍》", "id": "k003" }, { "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "果而勿强", "text": "王弼本作「果而勿强」，李榮、陸希聲作「是果而勿强」，吳澄、魏源作「是謂果而勿强」。魏源校記云：「諸本無是謂二字。傅奕無謂字。」", "source": "王弼《老子道德經注》、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、吳澄《道德真經注》、魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "王弼本作「果而勿强」，李荣、陆希声作「是果而勿强」，吴澄、魏源作「是谓果而勿强」。魏源校记云：「诸本无是谓二字。傅奕无谓字。」", "headwordSimp": "果而勿强", "sourceSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》、李荣《道德真经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、吴澄《道德真经注》、魏源《老子本义》", "id": "k004" }, { "sentenceId": "s006", "headword": "是謂不道，不道早已", "text": "王弼本作「是謂不道，不道早已」，李榮作「謂之非道，非道早已」；魏源校記云：「兩不道，傅奕及碑本作非道。」成玄英疏亦作「謂之非道」「非道早已」。", "source": "王弼《老子道德經注》、李榮《道德真經注》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "王弼本作「是谓不道，不道早已」，李荣作「谓之非道，非道早已」；魏源校记云：「两不道，傅奕及碑本作非道。」成玄英疏亦作「谓之非道」「非道早已」。", "headwordSimp": "是谓不道，不道早已", "sourceSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》、李荣《道德真经注》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、魏源《老子本义》", "id": "k005" }, { "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "果而勿驕", "text": "王弼本作「果而勿驕」，陸希聲作「果而勿憍」；河上公注「驕，欺也」，與通行「驕矜」義微異。", "source": "王弼《老子道德經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、河上公《老子道德經章句》", "textSimp": "王弼本作「果而勿骄」，陆希声作「果而勿憍」；河上公注「骄，欺也」，与通行「骄矜」义微异。", "headwordSimp": "果而勿骄", "sourceSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、河上公《老子道德经章句》", "id": "k006" }, { "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "王夫之增句", "text": "王夫之《老子衍》經文於「果而勿强」下增「雖在必用兵之時，禍發必克，猶當以五者居心」數句，非王弼本舊文；又「不以取强」上無「敢」字，「其事好還」作「其事好遠」。", "source": "王夫之《老子衍》", "textSimp": "王夫之《老子衍》经文于「果而勿强」下增「虽在必用兵之时，祸发必克，犹当以五者居心」数句，非王弼本旧文；又「不以取强」上无「敢」字，「其事好还」作「其事好远」。", "headwordSimp": "王夫之增句", "sourceSimp": "王夫之《老子衍》", "id": "k007" }, { "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗出處", "text": "河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗御注御疏此章據《玄德纂疏》卷八所引；嚴遵《指歸》道經原卷缺佚，此章《玄德纂疏》無輯文，故不列；俞樾《諸子平議》此章亦未列。", "source": "河上公《老子道德經章句》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（以上據《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）、嚴遵《道德真經指歸》、俞樾《諸子平議·老子平議》", "textSimp": "河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗御注御疏此章据《玄德纂疏》卷八所引；严遵《指归》道经原卷缺佚，此章《玄德纂疏》无辑文，故不列；俞樾《诸子平议》此章亦未列。", "headwordSimp": "河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗出处", "sourceSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（以上据《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）、严遵《道德真经指归》、俞樾《诸子平议·老子平议》", "id": "k008" }, { "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "大軍之後二句", "text": "魏源校記云：「大軍二句，碑本無。」河上公、王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山並有，本站從王弼本存之。", "source": "河上公《老子道德經章句》、王弼《老子道德經注》、《玄德纂疏》所引諸家、李榮《道德真經注》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、憨山《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "魏源校记云：「大军二句，碑本无。」河上公、王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、李荣、苏辙、吴澄、憨山并有，本站从王弼本存之。", "headwordSimp": "大军之后二句", "sourceSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》、王弼《老子道德经注》、《玄德纂疏》所引诸家、李荣《道德真经注》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、憨山《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》", "id": "k009" }, { "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "善者果而已句讀", "text": "陸希聲「故善者果而已」下直接「不敢以取强」，其傳以「果」為「勿矜其能、勿伐其功、勿憍其心」三事；王弼則以「果猶濟也」釋之，兩家訓「果」不同。", "source": "陸希聲《道德經傳》、王弼《老子道德經注》", "textSimp": "陆希声「故善者果而已」下直接「不敢以取强」，其传以「果」为「勿矜其能、勿伐其功、勿憍其心」三事；王弼则以「果犹济也」释之，两家训「果」不同。", "headwordSimp": "善者果而已句读", "sourceSimp": "陆希声《道德经传》、王弼《老子道德经注》", "id": "k010" }, { "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "吳澄引王氏、蘇氏", "text": "吳澄注首句引「王氏曰」「蘇氏曰」，次句引「政和註曰」「蘇氏曰」，非吳澄自注；其「有道者常如嬰兒孺子」以下則為吳澄己說。", "source": "吳澄《道德真經注》", "textSimp": "吴澄注首句引「王氏曰」「苏氏曰」，次句引「政和注曰」「苏氏曰」，非吴澄自注；其「有道者常如婴儿孺子」以下则为吴澄己说。", "headwordSimp": "吴澄引王氏、苏氏", "sourceSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》", "id": "k011" }, { "sentenceId": "s006", "headword": "憨山底本訛字", "text": "憨山《道德經解》底本「物壯則老」訛作「炒壯則老」，「其事好還」脫「還」字，均據文義與諸本校正。", "source": "憨山《道德經解》", "textSimp": "憨山《道德经解》底本「物壮则老」讹作「炒壮则老」，「其事好还」脱「还」字，均据文义与诸本校正。", "headwordSimp": "憨山底本讹字", "sourceSimp": "憨山《道德经解》", "id": "k012" } ], "glossarySimp": { "以道佐人主": "用道辅佐君主。佐，辅佐、辅助。", "佐": "辅佐、辅助。", "好还": "报应循环，终必回到自身。还，返报。", "兵强": "以兵力逞强于天下。", "荆棘": "荆棘丛生，喻农田荒废。", "凶年": "荒年、饥荒之年。", "善有果而已": "善于用兵的人，达到结果就停止。果，结果、成功；已，止。", "果": "结果、成功；一说果决、止敌。", "取强": "逞强取胜、以武力压人。", "勿矜": "不要自夸其能。矜，自夸、自恃。", "勿伐": "不要自夸功劳、自我表功。伐，夸耀。", "勿骄": "不要骄纵自满。骄，骄矜、恣肆。", "不得已": "无可奈何、不得不如此。", "物壮则老": "事物壮盛就会走向衰老。", "不道早已": "不合于道，就会很快终止。已，止也。", "俭武": "河上公本章章题，谓俭于用兵、不以兵强天下。" }, "lexicon": { "note": "由构建脚本从字词注与常用字表生成，供义位词典和开放数据集使用；occurrence 统计按繁体与简体正文分别匹配后合并。", "entries": [ { "order": 1, "id": "n001", "noteId": "n001", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "佐", "headwordSimp": "佐", "pinyin": "zuǒ", "gloss": "輔佐、輔助。", "glossSimp": "辅佐、辅助。", "general": "河上公謂人主能以道自輔佐；王弼謂以道佐人主尚不可以兵强天下，況人主躬道；成玄英以佐為輔弼，謂用正道輔佐君王當偃武修文；唐玄宗御疏以佐為輔佐，謂為人臣當用道化無為輔佐人主；李榮以忠臣輔於君上、賢相理於陰陽；吳澄引王氏說；憨山謂此承上章誡人臣不可以兵强天下。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓人主能以道自辅佐；王弼谓以道佐人主尚不可以兵强天下，况人主躬道；成玄英以佐为辅弼，谓用正道辅佐君王当偃武修文；唐玄宗御疏以佐为辅佐，谓为人臣当用道化无为辅佐人主；李荣以忠臣辅于君上、贤相理于阴阳；吴澄引王氏说；憨山谓此承上章诫人臣不可以兵强天下。", "variants": [ "輔弼" ], "variantsSimp": [ "辅弼" ], "refs": [ "河上公注", "王弼注", "成玄英疏", "御疏", "李榮注", "吳澄道德真經注", "憨山道德經解" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "王弼注", "成玄英疏", "御疏", "李荣注", "吴澄道德真经注", "憨山道德经解" ], "forms": [ { "form": "佐", "formSimp": "佐", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 2, "id": "n002", "noteId": "n002", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "好還", "headwordSimp": "好还", "pinyin": "hǎo huán", "gloss": "報應循環，終必回到自身。", "glossSimp": "报应循环，终必回到自身。", "general": "河上公謂舉事好還，自責不怨於人；王弼謂為始者欲立功生事，有道者務還反無為，故云好還；成玄英以還為返報，外用兵刃則有怨仇，內用三毒則招三塗之報；唐玄宗御注謂兵加彼必應、勝負之數未可量，御疏謂抗兵加彼則還報；李榮謂用兵則互相侵伐、一來一往故曰好還；陸希聲謂取强於人則人亦取勝於我；呂惠卿謂出乎爾者反乎爾；蘇轍以楚靈、齊湣、秦皇、漢武證禍必還報；魏源謂天道好還；王夫之作「其事好遠」，憨山底本脫「還」字。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓举事好还，自责不怨于人；王弼谓为始者欲立功生事，有道者务还反无为，故云好还；成玄英以还为返报，外用兵刃则有怨仇，内用三毒则招三涂之报；唐玄宗御注谓兵加彼必应、胜负之数未可量，御疏谓抗兵加彼则还报；李荣谓用兵则互相侵伐、一来一往故曰好还；陆希声谓取强于人则人亦取胜于我；吕惠卿谓出乎尔者反乎尔；苏辙以楚灵、齐湣、秦皇、汉武证祸必还报；魏源谓天道好还；王夫之作「其事好远」，憨山底本脱「还」字。", "variants": [ "好遠", "其事好" ], "variantsSimp": [ "好远", "其事好" ], "refs": [ "河上公注", "王弼注", "成玄英疏", "御注", "御疏", "李榮注", "陸希聲傳", "呂惠卿傳", "蘇轍老子解", "魏源老子本義", "王夫之老子衍", "憨山道德經解" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "王弼注", "成玄英疏", "御注", "御疏", "李荣注", "陆希声传", "吕惠卿传", "苏辙老子解", "魏源老子本义", "王夫之老子衍", "憨山道德经解" ], "forms": [ { "form": "好還", "formSimp": "好还", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] }, { "form": "其事好", "formSimp": "其事好", "kind": "variant", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 3, "id": "n003", "noteId": "n003", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "兵强", "headwordSimp": "兵强", "pinyin": "bīng qiáng", "gloss": "以兵力逞強於天下。", "glossSimp": "以兵力逞强于天下。", "general": "河上公謂不以兵革、順道任德，敵人自服；王弼謂以道佐人主尚不可以兵强天下，況人主躬道；成玄英謂不可盛用强兵、逞暴天下；唐玄宗謂不用甲兵之威取强於天下；李榮謂不以國大兵强專用；陸希聲謂不以甲兵之力取强於天下；呂惠卿謂以兵强天下則阻是而抗我；蘇轍謂以兵强天下，壯亦甚矣；吳澄引王氏說；憨山謂兵强為過甚之事；魏源謂以兵强天下非知道者。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓不以兵革、顺道任德，敌人自服；王弼谓以道佐人主尚不可以兵强天下，况人主躬道；成玄英谓不可盛用强兵、逞暴天下；唐玄宗谓不用甲兵之威取强于天下；李荣谓不以国大兵强专用；陆希声谓不以甲兵之力取强于天下；吕惠卿谓以兵强天下则阻是而抗我；苏辙谓以兵强天下，壮亦甚矣；吴澄引王氏说；憨山谓兵强为过甚之事；魏源谓以兵强天下非知道者。", "variants": [ "兵革", "甲兵" ], "variantsSimp": [ "兵革", "甲兵" ], "refs": [ "河上公注", "王弼注", "成玄英疏", "御注", "李榮注", "陸希聲傳", "呂惠卿傳", "蘇轍老子解", "吳澄道德真經注", "憨山道德經解", "魏源老子本義" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "王弼注", "成玄英疏", "御注", "李荣注", "陆希声传", "吕惠卿传", "苏辙老子解", "吴澄道德真经注", "憨山道德经解", "魏源老子本义" ], "forms": [ { "form": "兵强", "formSimp": "兵强", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 4, "id": "n004", "noteId": "n004", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "荊棘", "headwordSimp": "荆棘", "pinyin": "jīng jí", "gloss": "荊棘叢生，喻農田荒廢。", "glossSimp": "荆棘丛生，喻农田荒废。", "general": "河上公謂農事廢、田事不修，故生荊棘；王弼謂師為凶害之物，賊害人民、殘荒田畝，故曰荊棘生；成玄英謂兵馬所行之處害人損物，但有荊棘穢草、不生禾稼；唐玄宗御注謂戰則妨農、農事不修故生荊棘，御疏謂興師動眾妨功害農；李榮謂嘉禾不得植、荊棘所以生；蘇轍謂兵之所在民事廢、故田不修；吳澄引政和註謂下奪民力故荊棘生；憨山謂師之所處必蹂踐民物、無不殘掠；魏源謂下奪民力故荊棘生。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓农事废、田事不修，故生荆棘；王弼谓师为凶害之物，贼害人民、残荒田亩，故曰荆棘生；成玄英谓兵马所行之处害人损物，但有荆棘秽草、不生禾稼；唐玄宗御注谓战则妨农、农事不修故生荆棘，御疏谓兴师动众妨功害农；李荣谓嘉禾不得植、荆棘所以生；苏辙谓兵之所在民事废、故田不修；吴澄引政和注谓下夺民力故荆棘生；憨山谓师之所处必蹂践民物、无不残掠；魏源谓下夺民力故荆棘生。", "variants": [ "荊棘穢草" ], "variantsSimp": [ "荆棘秽草" ], "refs": [ "河上公注", "王弼注", "成玄英疏", "御注", "御疏", "李榮注", "蘇轍老子解", "吳澄道德真經注", "憨山道德經解", "魏源老子本義" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "王弼注", "成玄英疏", "御注", "御疏", "李荣注", "苏辙老子解", "吴澄道德真经注", "憨山道德经解", "魏源老子本义" ], "forms": [ { "form": "荊棘", "formSimp": "荆棘", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 5, "id": "n005", "noteId": "n005", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "凶年", "headwordSimp": "凶年", "pinyin": "xiōng nián", "gloss": "荒年、饑荒之年。", "glossSimp": "荒年、饥荒之年。", "general": "河上公謂天應之以惡氣，即害五穀，五穀盡則傷人；王弼以師為凶害之物、殘荒田畝；唐玄宗御注謂兵器感害、水旱繼之，必有凶荒之年，御疏謂積費既多、水旱相繼、稼穡不成；李榮謂大軍之後必有凶年、嘉禾不得植；蘇轍謂用兵之後殺氣勝、故年穀傷；吳澄引政和註謂上違天時故有凶年；憨山謂大軍之後殺傷和氣、故五穀疵癘而年歲凶；魏源謂上違天時故有凶年。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓天应之以恶气，即害五谷，五谷尽则伤人；王弼以师为凶害之物、残荒田亩；唐玄宗御注谓兵器感害、水旱继之，必有凶荒之年，御疏谓积费既多、水旱相继、稼穑不成；李荣谓大军之后必有凶年、嘉禾不得植；苏辙谓用兵之后杀气胜、故年谷伤；吴澄引政和注谓上违天时故有凶年；憨山谓大军之后杀伤和气、故五谷疵疠而年岁凶；魏源谓上违天时故有凶年。", "variants": [ "凶荒" ], "variantsSimp": [ "凶荒" ], "refs": [ "河上公注", "王弼注", "御注", "御疏", "李榮注", "蘇轍老子解", "吳澄道德真經注", "憨山道德經解", "魏源老子本義" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "王弼注", "御注", "御疏", "李荣注", "苏辙老子解", "吴澄道德真经注", "憨山道德经解", "魏源老子本义" ], "forms": [ { "form": "凶年", "formSimp": "凶年", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 6, "id": "n006", "noteId": "n006", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "果", "headwordSimp": "果", "pinyin": "guǒ", "gloss": "結果、成功；一說果決、止敵。", "glossSimp": "结果、成功；一说果决、止敌。", "general": "河上公謂行善者當果敢而已然也；王弼謂果猶濟也，善用師者趣以濟難而已；成玄英謂果為決定，止此暴心而不用兵；唐玄宗御注謂果於止敵，御疏引《春秋》殺敵為果、謂止敵即果；李榮謂殺敵為果、賊來侵我所以除之；陸希聲謂果而已矣、不以取强；呂惠卿謂果者剋敵、出於不得已；蘇轍謂果者決也、不得已而以兵決之；吳澄謂果決於一時以定亂；憨山謂果猶言結果、了事便休；魏源謂善者即有道者；王夫之謂自命為果、不已誣乎。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓行善者当果敢而已然也；王弼谓果犹济也，善用师者趣以济难而已；成玄英谓果为决定，止此暴心而不用兵；唐玄宗御注谓果于止敌，御疏引《春秋》杀敌为果、谓止敌即果；李荣谓杀敌为果、贼来侵我所以除之；陆希声谓果而已矣、不以取强；吕惠卿谓果者克敌、出于不得已；苏辙谓果者决也、不得已而以兵决之；吴澄谓果决于一时以定乱；憨山谓果犹言结果、了事便休；魏源谓善者即有道者；王夫之谓自命为果、不已诬乎。", "variants": [ "果決", "結果", "濟" ], "variantsSimp": [ "果决", "结果", "济" ], "refs": [ "河上公注", "王弼注", "成玄英疏", "御注", "御疏", "李榮注", "陸希聲傳", "呂惠卿傳", "蘇轍老子解", "吳澄道德真經注", "憨山道德經解", "魏源老子本義", "王夫之老子衍" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "王弼注", "成玄英疏", "御注", "御疏", "李荣注", "陆希声传", "吕惠卿传", "苏辙老子解", "吴澄道德真经注", "憨山道德经解", "魏源老子本义", "王夫之老子衍" ], "forms": [ { "form": "果", "formSimp": "果", "kind": "headword", "count": 2, "sentenceIds": [ "s004", "s005" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004", "s005" ], "occurrenceCount": 2 }, { "order": 7, "id": "n007", "noteId": "n007", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "取强", "headwordSimp": "取强", "pinyin": "qǔ qiáng", "gloss": "逞強取勝、以武力壓人。", "glossSimp": "逞强取胜、以武力压人。", "general": "河上公謂不以果敢取强大之名；王弼謂不以兵力取强於天下；成玄英謂決定不用强兵；唐玄宗御注謂不敢求勝取强，御疏謂不得以眾暴寡、陵人取强；李榮謂不以國大兵强專用；陸希聲謂不敢以取强；呂惠卿謂非所恃以取强；蘇轍謂不敢以取强；吳澄謂不敢阻兵弗戰以取勝而為强；憨山謂不敢以此常取强；魏源謂不敢以取强。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓不以果敢取强大之名；王弼谓不以兵力取强于天下；成玄英谓决定不用强兵；唐玄宗御注谓不敢求胜取强，御疏谓不得以众暴寡、陵人取强；李荣谓不以国大兵强专用；陆希声谓不敢以取强；吕惠卿谓非所恃以取强；苏辙谓不敢以取强；吴澄谓不敢阻兵弗战以取胜而为强；憨山谓不敢以此常取强；魏源谓不敢以取强。", "variants": [ "取強大之名", "取勝" ], "variantsSimp": [ "取强大之名", "取胜" ], "refs": [ "河上公注", "王弼注", "成玄英疏", "御注", "御疏", "李榮注", "陸希聲傳", "呂惠卿傳", "蘇轍老子解", "吳澄道德真經注", "憨山道德經解", "魏源老子本義" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "王弼注", "成玄英疏", "御注", "御疏", "李荣注", "陆希声传", "吕惠卿传", "苏辙老子解", "吴澄道德真经注", "憨山道德经解", "魏源老子本义" ], "forms": [ { "form": "取强", "formSimp": "取强", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 8, "id": "n008", "noteId": "n008", "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "勿矜", "headwordSimp": "勿矜", "pinyin": "wù jīn", "gloss": "不要自誇其能。", "glossSimp": "不要自夸其能。", "general": "河上公謂當果敢謙卑，勿自矜大；王弼謂吾不以師道為尚、不得已而用，何矜驕之有；唐玄宗御注謂慎勿矜功伐取以自驕盈，御疏謂止敵自矜未名善勝；李榮謂自大為矜；陸希聲謂勿矜其能；呂惠卿謂果而勿矜其能；蘇轍謂勿矜所以為勿强；吳澄引蘇氏說；憨山謂不可自矜其能；魏源謂矜者自恃；王夫之謂五者居心。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓当果敢谦卑，勿自矜大；王弼谓吾不以师道为尚、不得已而用，何矜骄之有；唐玄宗御注谓慎勿矜功伐取以自骄盈，御疏谓止敌自矜未名善胜；李荣谓自大为矜；陆希声谓勿矜其能；吕惠卿谓果而勿矜其能；苏辙谓勿矜所以为勿强；吴澄引苏氏说；憨山谓不可自矜其能；魏源谓矜者自恃；王夫之谓五者居心。", "variants": [ "矜功", "自矜" ], "variantsSimp": [ "矜功", "自矜" ], "refs": [ "河上公注", "王弼注", "御注", "御疏", "李榮注", "陸希聲傳", "呂惠卿傳", "蘇轍老子解", "吳澄道德真經注", "憨山道德經解", "魏源老子本義", "王夫之老子衍" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "王弼注", "御注", "御疏", "李荣注", "陆希声传", "吕惠卿传", "苏辙老子解", "吴澄道德真经注", "憨山道德经解", "魏源老子本义", "王夫之老子衍" ], "forms": [ { "form": "勿矜", "formSimp": "勿矜", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s005" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s005" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 9, "id": "n009", "noteId": "n009", "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "勿伐", "headwordSimp": "勿伐", "pinyin": "wù fá", "gloss": "不要自誇功勞、自我表功。", "glossSimp": "不要自夸功劳、自我表功。", "general": "河上公謂當果敢推讓，勿自伐取其美；王弼謂何矜驕之有；唐玄宗御注謂勿矜功伐取，御疏謂戒云勿伐其功、伐取其功則自為驕泰；李榮謂取功為伐；陸希聲謂勿伐其功；呂惠卿謂果而勿伐其功；蘇轍謂勿伐所以為勿强；吳澄引蘇氏說；憨山謂不可自伐其功；魏源謂伐者誇大；王夫之謂五者居心。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓当果敢推让，勿自伐取其美；王弼谓何矜骄之有；唐玄宗御注谓勿矜功伐取，御疏谓戒云勿伐其功、伐取其功则自为骄泰；李荣谓取功为伐；陆希声谓勿伐其功；吕惠卿谓果而勿伐其功；苏辙谓勿伐所以为勿强；吴澄引苏氏说；憨山谓不可自伐其功；魏源谓伐者夸大；王夫之谓五者居心。", "variants": [ "伐取", "自伐" ], "variantsSimp": [ "伐取", "自伐" ], "refs": [ "河上公注", "王弼注", "御注", "御疏", "李榮注", "陸希聲傳", "呂惠卿傳", "蘇轍老子解", "吳澄道德真經注", "憨山道德經解", "魏源老子本義", "王夫之老子衍" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "王弼注", "御注", "御疏", "李荣注", "陆希声传", "吕惠卿传", "苏辙老子解", "吴澄道德真经注", "憨山道德经解", "魏源老子本义", "王夫之老子衍" ], "forms": [ { "form": "勿伐", "formSimp": "勿伐", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s005" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s005" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 10, "id": "n010", "noteId": "n010", "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "勿驕", "headwordSimp": "勿骄", "pinyin": "wù jiāo", "gloss": "不要驕縱自滿。", "glossSimp": "不要骄纵自满。", "general": "河上公謂驕、欺也，果敢勿以驕欺；王弼謂何矜驕之有；唐玄宗御注謂勿以自驕盈，御疏謂驕泰則樂殺、故敗不旋踵；李榮謂好勝不已、示賢於敵謂之驕，又引義兵王、應兵勝、忿兵死、驕兵滅；陸希聲作「果而勿憍」，謂勿憍其心；呂惠卿謂果而勿驕其勢；蘇轍謂勿驕所以為勿强；吳澄引蘇氏說；憨山謂不可驕恃其氣；魏源謂驕者恣肆。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓骄、欺也，果敢勿以骄欺；王弼谓何矜骄之有；唐玄宗御注谓勿以自骄盈，御疏谓骄泰则乐杀、故败不旋踵；李荣谓好胜不已、示贤于敌谓之骄，又引义兵王、应兵胜、忿兵死、骄兵灭；陆希声作「果而勿憍」，谓勿憍其心；吕惠卿谓果而勿骄其势；苏辙谓勿骄所以为勿强；吴澄引苏氏说；憨山谓不可骄恃其气；魏源谓骄者恣肆。", "variants": [ "憍" ], "variantsSimp": [ "憍" ], "refs": [ "河上公注", "王弼注", "御注", "御疏", "李榮注", "陸希聲傳", "呂惠卿傳", "蘇轍老子解", "吳澄道德真經注", "憨山道德經解", "魏源老子本義" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "王弼注", "御注", "御疏", "李荣注", "陆希声传", "吕惠卿传", "苏辙老子解", "吴澄道德真经注", "憨山道德经解", "魏源老子本义" ], "forms": [ { "form": "勿驕", "formSimp": "勿骄", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s005" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s005" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 11, "id": "n011", "noteId": "n011", "sentenceId": "s006", "headword": "物壯則老", "headwordSimp": "物壮则老", "pinyin": "wù zhuàng zé lǎo", "gloss": "事物壯盛就會走向衰老。", "glossSimp": "事物壮盛就会走向衰老。", "general": "河上公謂草木壯極則枯落、人壯極則衰老，强者不可以為久；王弼謂壯為武力暴興、喻以兵强天下，飄風不終朝、驟雨不終日，故暴興必不道早已；成玄英謂物壯則老、炎極則涼，理之常數；唐玄宗御注謂物之用壯由兵之恃强、物壯則衰兵强則敗，御疏謂兵之恃强猶物之用壯、適足以速其衰老；李榮謂少而必長、盛而必衰；陸希聲謂物壯必老、兵强必敗；呂惠卿謂少則壯、壯則老，物之情也；蘇轍謂壯之必老，唯有道者未嘗壯故未嘗老；吳澄謂有道者常如嬰兒孺子、故不老而長年；憨山謂物壯甚則易老、況兵强乎；魏源謂物壯則老此天道也；王夫之謂消息之間不可犯其沖。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓草木壮极则枯落、人壮极则衰老，强者不可以为久；王弼谓壮为武力暴兴、喻以兵强天下，飘风不终朝、骤雨不终日，故暴兴必不道早已；成玄英谓物壮则老、炎极则凉，理之常数；唐玄宗御注谓物之用壮由兵之恃强、物壮则衰兵强则败，御疏谓兵之恃强犹物之用壮、适足以速其衰老；李荣谓少而必长、盛而必衰；陆希声谓物壮必老、兵强必败；吕惠卿谓少则壮、壮则老，物之情也；苏辙谓壮之必老，唯有道者未尝壮故未尝老；吴澄谓有道者常如婴儿孺子、故不老而长年；憨山谓物壮甚则易老、况兵强乎；魏源谓物壮则老此天道也；王夫之谓消息之间不可犯其冲。", "variants": [ "壯極則老", "兵强則衰" ], "variantsSimp": [ "壮极则老", "兵强则衰" ], "refs": [ "河上公注", "王弼注", "成玄英疏", "御注", "御疏", "李榮注", "陸希聲傳", "呂惠卿傳", "蘇轍老子解", "吳澄道德真經注", "憨山道德經解", "魏源老子本義", "王夫之老子衍" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "王弼注", "成玄英疏", "御注", "御疏", "李荣注", "陆希声传", "吕惠卿传", "苏辙老子解", "吴澄道德真经注", "憨山道德经解", "魏源老子本义", "王夫之老子衍" ], "forms": [ { "form": "物壯則老", "formSimp": "物壮则老", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s006" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s006" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 12, "id": "n012", "noteId": "n012", "sentenceId": "s006", "headword": "不道早已", "headwordSimp": "不道早已", "pinyin": "bù dào zǎo yǐ", "gloss": "不合於道，就會很快終止；已，止也。", "glossSimp": "不合于道，就会很快终止；已，止也。", "general": "河上公謂枯老者坐不行道、不行道者早死之也；王弼謂暴興必不道早已；成玄英作「非道早已」，謂既不謙柔故非真道、應須止息勿行；唐玄宗御注謂不合於道當須早止不為，御疏謂已猶止也；李榮作「謂之非道，非道早已」，謂非道理宜先止；蘇轍謂唯有道者未嘗壯故未嘗老未嘗死，以兵强天下則能無老乎；吳澄謂不道者早已、言其不能久也；憨山謂已者絕也、又止也，知其為不道則當速止；魏源謂違之者不道、宜其暴興者必早已；王夫之謂雖有患不至於早已。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓枯老者坐不行道、不行道者早死之也；王弼谓暴兴必不道早已；成玄英作「非道早已」，谓既不谦柔故非真道、应须止息勿行；唐玄宗御注谓不合于道当须早止不为，御疏谓已犹止也；李荣作「谓之非道，非道早已」，谓非道理宜先止；苏辙谓唯有道者未尝壮故未尝老未尝死，以兵强天下则能无老乎；吴澄谓不道者早已、言其不能久也；憨山谓已者绝也、又止也，知其为不道则当速止；魏源谓违之者不道、宜其暴兴者必早已；王夫之谓虽有患不至于早已。", "variants": [ "非道早已", "早已" ], "variantsSimp": [ "非道早已", "早已" ], "refs": [ "河上公注", "王弼注", "成玄英疏", "御注", "御疏", "李榮注", "蘇轍老子解", "吳澄道德真經注", "憨山道德經解", "魏源老子本義", "王夫之老子衍" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "王弼注", "成玄英疏", "御注", "御疏", "李荣注", "苏辙老子解", "吴澄道德真经注", "憨山道德经解", "魏源老子本义", "王夫之老子衍" ], "forms": [ { "form": "不道早已", "formSimp": "不道早已", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s006" ] }, { "form": "早已", "formSimp": "早已", "kind": "variant", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s006" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s006" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 } ], "glossaryEntries": [ { "order": 13, "id": "g001", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "以道佐人主", "headwordSimp": "以道佐人主", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "用道輔佐君主。佐，輔佐、輔助。", "glossSimp": "用道辅佐君主。佐，辅佐、辅助。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "以道佐人主", "formSimp": "以道佐人主", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 14, "id": "g002", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "佐", "headwordSimp": "佐", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "輔佐、輔助。", "glossSimp": "辅佐、辅助。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "佐", "formSimp": "佐", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 15, "id": "g003", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "好還", "headwordSimp": "好还", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "報應循環，終必回到自身。還，返報。", "glossSimp": "报应循环，终必回到自身。还，返报。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "好還", "formSimp": "好还", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 16, "id": "g004", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "兵强", "headwordSimp": "兵强", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "以兵力逞強於天下。", "glossSimp": "以兵力逞强于天下。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "兵强", "formSimp": "兵强", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 17, "id": "g005", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "荊棘", "headwordSimp": "荆棘", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "荊棘叢生，喻農田荒廢。", "glossSimp": "荆棘丛生，喻农田荒废。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "荊棘", "formSimp": "荆棘", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 18, "id": "g006", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "凶年", "headwordSimp": "凶年", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "荒年、饑荒之年。", "glossSimp": "荒年、饥荒之年。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "凶年", "formSimp": "凶年", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 19, "id": "g007", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "善有果而已", "headwordSimp": "善有果而已", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "善於用兵的人，達到結果就停止。果，結果、成功；已，止。", "glossSimp": "善于用兵的人，达到结果就停止。果，结果、成功；已，止。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "善有果而已", "formSimp": "善有果而已", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 20, "id": "g008", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "果", "headwordSimp": "果", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "結果、成功；一說果決、止敵。", "glossSimp": "结果、成功；一说果决、止敌。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "果", "formSimp": "果", "kind": "headword", "count": 2, "sentenceIds": [ "s004", "s005" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004", "s005" ], "occurrenceCount": 2 }, { "order": 21, "id": "g009", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "取强", "headwordSimp": "取强", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "逞強取勝、以武力壓人。", "glossSimp": "逞强取胜、以武力压人。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "取强", "formSimp": "取强", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 22, "id": "g010", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "勿矜", "headwordSimp": "勿矜", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "不要自誇其能。矜，自誇、自恃。", "glossSimp": "不要自夸其能。矜，自夸、自恃。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "勿矜", "formSimp": "勿矜", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s005" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s005" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 23, "id": "g011", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "勿伐", "headwordSimp": "勿伐", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "不要自誇功勞、自我表功。伐，誇耀。", "glossSimp": "不要自夸功劳、自我表功。伐，夸耀。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "勿伐", "formSimp": "勿伐", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s005" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s005" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 24, "id": "g012", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "勿驕", "headwordSimp": "勿骄", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "不要驕縱自滿。驕，驕矜、恣肆。", "glossSimp": "不要骄纵自满。骄，骄矜、恣肆。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "勿驕", "formSimp": "勿骄", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s005" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s005" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 25, "id": "g013", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "不得已", "headwordSimp": "不得已", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "無可奈何、不得不如此。", "glossSimp": "无可奈何、不得不如此。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "不得已", "formSimp": "不得已", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s005" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s005" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 26, "id": "g014", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s006", "headword": "物壯則老", "headwordSimp": "物壮则老", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "事物壯盛就會走向衰老。", "glossSimp": "事物壮盛就会走向衰老。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "物壯則老", "formSimp": "物壮则老", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s006" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s006" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 27, "id": "g015", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s006", "headword": "不道早已", "headwordSimp": "不道早已", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "不合於道，就會很快終止。已，止也。", "glossSimp": "不合于道，就会很快终止。已，止也。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "不道早已", "formSimp": "不道早已", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s006" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s006" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 28, "id": "g016", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "儉武", "headwordSimp": "俭武", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "河上公本章章題，謂儉於用兵、不以兵强天下。", "glossSimp": "河上公本章章题，谓俭于用兵、不以兵强天下。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "儉武", "formSimp": "俭武", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 } ] }, "relations": { "version": "1.0.0", "note": "第三十章六句的十二家對照。嚴遵《指歸》道經原卷缺佚，此章《玄德纂疏》無輯文，故不列；俞樾《諸子平議》此章亦未列。河上公、王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮逐句或分段分疏，蘇轍、吳澄分段作注；陸希聲、呂惠卿、憨山、魏源、王夫之各以整章一段通釋。諸家釋「以道佐人主」有以道自輔、偃武修文、柔服以德、以德服人心之別，釋「其事好還」有自責不怨、還反無為、怨仇返報、勝負未可量、出乎爾者反乎爾之別，釋「荊棘」「凶年」有農事廢、天應惡氣、妨功害農、殺氣勝之別，釋「果」有果敢、濟難、決定止暴、止敵、殺敵、果決之別，釋「勿矜勿伐勿驕」有謙卑推讓、不以師道為尚、安人和眾之別，釋「物壯則老」有武力暴興、炎極則涼、兵强則敗、有道者未嘗壯之別；大旨歸於不以兵强天下、果而不取强。", "concepts": [ { "id": "yi-dao-zuo-ren-zhu", "name": "以道佐人主者，不以兵强天下，其事好還", "nameTrad": "以道佐人主者，不以兵强天下，其事好還", "question": "「以道佐人主」何以必須「不以兵强天下」？「其事好還」是甚麼意義？", "questionTrad": "「以道佐人主」何以必須「不以兵强天下」？「其事好還」是甚麼意義？", "intro": "河上公以人主能以道自輔佐，不以兵革、順道任德，敵人自服；舉事好還，自責不怨於人。王弼謂以道佐人主尚不可以兵强天下，況人主躬道；為始者欲立功生事，有道者務還反無為。成玄英以用正道輔佐君王當偃武修文，外用兵刃則有怨仇，內用三毒則招三塗之報。唐玄宗御注以人臣當柔服以德，不用甲兵；兵加彼必應，勝負之數未可量。御疏申以舞干羽、修文德，抗兵加彼則還報。李榮以用兵則互相侵伐，一來一往故曰好還。陸希聲以取强於人則人亦取勝於我，出乎己者反乎己。呂惠卿以出乎爾者反乎爾。蘇轍以楚靈、齊湣、秦皇、漢武證禍必還報。吳澄引王氏、蘇氏說。憨山以兵强為過甚之事，勢極則反。魏源以天道好還，以兵强天下非知道者。王夫之以最下用兵以殺，其上用兵以生。諸家皆以兵為凶器，以還報為必然。", "introTrad": "河上公以人主能以道自輔佐，不以兵革、順道任德，敵人自服；舉事好還，自責不怨於人。王弼謂以道佐人主尚不可以兵强天下，況人主躬道；為始者欲立功生事，有道者務還反無為。成玄英以用正道輔佐君王當偃武修文，外用兵刃則有怨仇，內用三毒則招三塗之報。唐玄宗御注以人臣當柔服以德，不用甲兵；兵加彼必應，勝負之數未可量。御疏申以舞干羽、修文德，抗兵加彼則還報。李榮以用兵則互相侵伐，一來一往故曰好還。陸希聲以取强於人則人亦取勝於我，出乎己者反乎己。呂惠卿以出乎爾者反乎爾。蘇轍以楚靈、齊湣、秦皇、漢武證禍必還報。吳澄引王氏、蘇氏說。憨山以兵强為過甚之事，勢極則反。魏源以天道好還，以兵强天下非知道者。王夫之以最下用兵以殺，其上用兵以生。諸家皆以兵為凶器，以還報為必然。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "人主能以道自輔佐，不以兵革，順道任德，敵人自服；舉事好還，自責不怨於人。", "thesisTrad": "人主能以道自輔佐，不以兵革，順道任德，敵人自服；舉事好還，自責不怨於人。", "noteIds": [ "c001", "c002" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "人主能以道自辅佐，不以兵革，顺道任德，敌人自服；举事好还，自责不怨于人。" }, "wangbi": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "以道佐人主尚不可以兵强天下，況人主躬道；為始者欲立功生事，有道者務還反無為。", "thesisTrad": "以道佐人主尚不可以兵强天下，況人主躬道；為始者欲立功生事，有道者務還反無為。", "noteIds": [ "c008", "c009" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "以道佐人主尚不可以兵强天下，况人主躬道；为始者欲立功生事，有道者务还反无为。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "用正道輔佐君王當偃武修文；外用兵刃則有怨仇，內用三毒則招三塗之報。", "thesisTrad": "用正道輔佐君王當偃武修文；外用兵刃則有怨仇，內用三毒則招三塗之報。", "noteIds": [ "c015", "c016" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "用正道辅佐君王当偃武修文；外用兵刃则有怨仇，内用三毒则招三涂之报。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "人臣當柔服以德，不用甲兵；兵加彼必應，勝負之數未可量。", "thesisTrad": "人臣當柔服以德，不用甲兵；兵加彼必應，勝負之數未可量。", "noteIds": [ "c021", "c022" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "人臣当柔服以德，不用甲兵；兵加彼必应，胜负之数未可量。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "以道則彼此各安，用兵則互相侵伐，一來一往故曰好還。", "thesisTrad": "以道則彼此各安，用兵則互相侵伐，一來一往故曰好還。", "noteIds": [ "c031" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "以道则彼此各安，用兵则互相侵伐，一来一往故曰好还。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "取强於人則人亦取勝於我，出乎己者反乎己。", "thesisTrad": "取强於人則人亦取勝於我，出乎己者反乎己。", "noteIds": [ "c037" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "取强于人则人亦取胜于我，出乎己者反乎己。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "以道服天下則莫敢不服，以兵强天下則阻是而抗我，出乎爾者反乎爾。", "thesisTrad": "以道服天下則莫敢不服，以兵强天下則阻是而抗我，出乎爾者反乎爾。", "noteIds": [ "c038" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "以道服天下则莫敢不服，以兵强天下则阻是而抗我，出乎尔者反乎尔。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "欲以强勝天下，其禍必還報；楚靈、齊湣、秦皇、漢武可驗。", "thesisTrad": "欲以强勝天下，其禍必還報；楚靈、齊湣、秦皇、漢武可驗。", "noteIds": [ "c039" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "欲以强胜天下，其祸必还报；楚灵、齐湣、秦皇、汉武可验。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "以道佐人主尚不可以兵强天下；引王氏、蘇氏說，禍必還報。", "thesisTrad": "以道佐人主尚不可以兵强天下；引王氏、蘇氏說，禍必還報。", "noteIds": [ "c044" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "以道佐人主尚不可以兵强天下；引王氏、苏氏说，祸必还报。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "凡以兵强者，過甚之事，勢極則反，故其事好還。", "thesisTrad": "凡以兵强者，過甚之事，勢極則反，故其事好還。", "noteIds": [ "c048" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "凡以兵强者，过甚之事，势极则反，故其事好还。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "天道好還，以兵强天下非知道者；下奪民力、上違天時。", "thesisTrad": "天道好還，以兵强天下非知道者；下奪民力、上違天時。", "noteIds": [ "c049" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "天道好还，以兵强天下非知道者；下夺民力、上违天时。" }, "wangfuzhi": { "workType": "衍", "workTypeTrad": "衍", "thesis": "最下用兵以殺，其上用兵以生；功之門為害之府。", "thesisTrad": "最下用兵以殺，其上用兵以生；功之門為害之府。", "noteIds": [ "c050" ], "workTypeSimp": "衍", "thesisSimp": "最下用兵以杀，其上用兵以生；功之门为害之府。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c001", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公以「以道自輔佐」立論，把「不以兵强」落在順道任德、敵人自服上。", "textTrad": "河上公以「以道自輔佐」立論，把「不以兵强」落在順道任德、敵人自服上。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公以「以道自辅佐」立论，把「不以兵强」落在顺道任德、敌人自服上。" }, { "noteId": "c009", "relation": "轉深", "relationTrad": "轉深", "text": "王弼把「好還」解為有道者務還反無為，與為始者立功生事相對。", "textTrad": "王弼把「好還」解為有道者務還反無為，與為始者立功生事相對。", "relationSimp": "转深", "textSimp": "王弼把「好还」解为有道者务还反无为，与为始者立功生事相对。" }, { "noteId": "c039", "relation": "申說", "relationTrad": "申說", "text": "蘇轍以楚靈、齊湣、秦皇、漢武的史例證「禍必還報」。", "textTrad": "蘇轍以楚靈、齊湣、秦皇、漢武的史例證「禍必還報」。", "relationSimp": "申说", "textSimp": "苏辙以楚灵、齐湣、秦皇、汉武的史例证「祸必还报」。" } ], "nameSimp": "以道佐人主者，不以兵强天下，其事好还", "questionSimp": "「以道佐人主」何以必须「不以兵强天下」？「其事好还」是甚么意义？", "introSimp": "河上公以人主能以道自辅佐，不以兵革、顺道任德，敌人自服；举事好还，自责不怨于人。王弼谓以道佐人主尚不可以兵强天下，况人主躬道；为始者欲立功生事，有道者务还反无为。成玄英以用正道辅佐君王当偃武修文，外用兵刃则有怨仇，内用三毒则招三涂之报。唐玄宗御注以人臣当柔服以德，不用甲兵；兵加彼必应，胜负之数未可量。御疏申以舞干羽、修文德，抗兵加彼则还报。李荣以用兵则互相侵伐，一来一往故曰好还。陆希声以取强于人则人亦取胜于我，出乎己者反乎己。吕惠卿以出乎尔者反乎尔。苏辙以楚灵、齐湣、秦皇、汉武证祸必还报。吴澄引王氏、苏氏说。憨山以兵强为过甚之事，势极则反。魏源以天道好还，以兵强天下非知道者。王夫之以最下用兵以杀，其上用兵以生。诸家皆以兵为凶器，以还报为必然。" }, { "id": "shi-zhi-suo-chu", "name": "師之所處，荊棘生焉；大軍之後，必有凶年", "nameTrad": "師之所處，荊棘生焉；大軍之後，必有凶年", "question": "兵事何以必然破壞民生與天時？", "questionTrad": "兵事何以必然破壞民生與天時？", "intro": "河上公以農事廢、田事不修故生荊棘，天應惡氣而害五穀。王弼以師為凶害之物，無所濟必有所傷，賊害人民、殘荒田畝。成玄英以兵馬所行之處害人損物，但有荊棘穢草、不生禾稼。唐玄宗御注以戰則妨農、兵器感害、水旱繼之，御疏以興師動眾妨功害農、積費既多、稼穡不成。李榮以嘉禾不得植、荊棘所以生，此亦用兵之過。陸希聲以師旅所居農耕必廢、水旱洊臻。呂惠卿以師毒天下如此。蘇轍以兵所在民事廢、殺氣勝而年穀傷。吳澄引政和註下奪民力、上違天時。憨山以師處殘掠、大軍殺傷和氣。魏源以下奪民力、上違天時。王夫之以功之門為害之府。諸家皆以兵事之害不止於戰陣，而及於農事、天時與民生。", "introTrad": "河上公以農事廢、田事不修故生荊棘，天應惡氣而害五穀。王弼以師為凶害之物，無所濟必有所傷，賊害人民、殘荒田畝。成玄英以兵馬所行之處害人損物，但有荊棘穢草、不生禾稼。唐玄宗御注以戰則妨農、兵器感害、水旱繼之，御疏以興師動眾妨功害農、積費既多、稼穡不成。李榮以嘉禾不得植、荊棘所以生，此亦用兵之過。陸希聲以師旅所居農耕必廢、水旱洊臻。呂惠卿以師毒天下如此。蘇轍以兵所在民事廢、殺氣勝而年穀傷。吳澄引政和註下奪民力、上違天時。憨山以師處殘掠、大軍殺傷和氣。魏源以下奪民力、上違天時。王夫之以功之門為害之府。諸家皆以兵事之害不止於戰陣，而及於農事、天時與民生。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "農事廢、田事不修故生荊棘；天應惡氣而害五穀。", "thesisTrad": "農事廢、田事不修故生荊棘；天應惡氣而害五穀。", "noteIds": [ "c003" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "农事废、田事不修故生荆棘；天应恶气而害五谷。" }, "wangbi": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "師為凶害之物，無所濟必有所傷，賊害人民、殘荒田畝。", "thesisTrad": "師為凶害之物，無所濟必有所傷，賊害人民、殘荒田畝。", "noteIds": [ "c010" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "师为凶害之物，无所济必有所伤，贼害人民、残荒田亩。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "兵馬所行之處害人損物，但有荊棘穢草、不生禾稼。", "thesisTrad": "兵馬所行之處害人損物，但有荊棘穢草、不生禾稼。", "noteIds": [ "c017" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "兵马所行之处害人损物，但有荆棘秽草、不生禾稼。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "戰則妨農，兵器感害，水旱繼之，必有凶荒之年。", "thesisTrad": "戰則妨農，兵器感害，水旱繼之，必有凶荒之年。", "noteIds": [ "c023", "c024" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "战则妨农，兵器感害，水旱继之，必有凶荒之年。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "嘉禾不得植、荊棘所以生，此亦用兵之過。", "thesisTrad": "嘉禾不得植、荊棘所以生，此亦用兵之過。", "noteIds": [ "c032" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "嘉禾不得植、荆棘所以生，此亦用兵之过。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "師旅所居農耕必廢，水旱洊臻，凶荒仍歲。", "thesisTrad": "師旅所居農耕必廢，水旱洊臻，凶荒仍歲。", "noteIds": [ "c037" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "师旅所居农耕必废，水旱洊臻，凶荒仍岁。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "師之毒天下如此，故善用兵者果而已。", "thesisTrad": "師之毒天下如此，故善用兵者果而已。", "noteIds": [ "c038" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "师之毒天下如此，故善用兵者果而已。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "兵所在民事廢、田不修；殺氣勝、年穀傷。", "thesisTrad": "兵所在民事廢、田不修；殺氣勝、年穀傷。", "noteIds": [ "c040" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "兵所在民事废、田不修；杀气胜、年谷伤。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "下奪民力故荊棘生，上違天時故有凶年。", "thesisTrad": "下奪民力故荊棘生，上違天時故有凶年。", "noteIds": [ "c045" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "下夺民力故荆棘生，上违天时故有凶年。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "師處殘掠、大軍殺傷和氣，故荊棘生而年歲凶。", "thesisTrad": "師處殘掠、大軍殺傷和氣，故荊棘生而年歲凶。", "noteIds": [ "c048" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "师处残掠、大军杀伤和气，故荆棘生而年岁凶。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "下奪民力故荊棘生，上違天時故有凶年。", "thesisTrad": "下奪民力故荊棘生，上違天時故有凶年。", "noteIds": [ "c049" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "下夺民力故荆棘生，上违天时故有凶年。" }, "wangfuzhi": { "workType": "衍", "workTypeTrad": "衍", "thesis": "功之門為害之府。", "thesisTrad": "功之門為害之府。", "noteIds": [ "c050" ], "workTypeSimp": "衍", "thesisSimp": "功之门为害之府。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c010", "relation": "正釋", "relationTrad": "正釋", "text": "王弼以「師凶害之物」立訓，把荊棘、凶年收歸於兵事之害。", "textTrad": "王弼以「師凶害之物」立訓，把荊棘、凶年收歸於兵事之害。", "relationSimp": "正释", "textSimp": "王弼以「师凶害之物」立训，把荆棘、凶年收归于兵事之害。" }, { "noteId": "c024", "relation": "申說", "relationTrad": "申說", "text": "唐玄宗御疏補出「積費既多」「水旱相繼」，把凶年落到財政與災害。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗御疏補出「積費既多」「水旱相繼」，把凶年落到財政與災害。", "relationSimp": "申说", "textSimp": "唐玄宗御疏补出「积费既多」「水旱相继」，把凶年落到财政与灾害。" }, { "noteId": "c040", "relation": "轉進", "relationTrad": "轉進", "text": "蘇轍以「殺氣勝」說年穀傷，從農事轉向天人感應。", "textTrad": "蘇轍以「殺氣勝」說年穀傷，從農事轉向天人感應。", "relationSimp": "转进", "textSimp": "苏辙以「杀气胜」说年谷伤，从农事转向天人感应。" } ], "nameSimp": "师之所处，荆棘生焉；大军之后，必有凶年", "questionSimp": "兵事何以必然破坏民生与天时？", "introSimp": "河上公以农事废、田事不修故生荆棘，天应恶气而害五谷。王弼以师为凶害之物，无所济必有所伤，贼害人民、残荒田亩。成玄英以兵马所行之处害人损物，但有荆棘秽草、不生禾稼。唐玄宗御注以战则妨农、兵器感害、水旱继之，御疏以兴师动众妨功害农、积费既多、稼穑不成。李荣以嘉禾不得植、荆棘所以生，此亦用兵之过。陆希声以师旅所居农耕必废、水旱洊臻。吕惠卿以师毒天下如此。苏辙以兵所在民事废、杀气胜而年谷伤。吴澄引政和注下夺民力、上违天时。憨山以师处残掠、大军杀伤和气。魏源以下夺民力、上违天时。王夫之以功之门为害之府。诸家皆以兵事之害不止于战阵，而及于农事、天时与民生。" }, { "id": "shan-you-guo-er-yi", "name": "善有果而已，不敢以取强", "nameTrad": "善有果而已，不敢以取强", "question": "「果」指甚麼？何以「果」而仍「不敢取强」？", "questionTrad": "「果」指甚麼？何以「果」而仍「不敢取强」？", "intro": "河上公以行善者當果敢而已然也，不以果敢取强大之名。王弼以果猶濟也，善用師者趣以濟難而已，不以兵力取强於天下。成玄英以果為決定，止此暴心而不用兵。唐玄宗御注以善輔相者果於止敵，不敢求勝取强；御疏引《春秋》殺敵為果，謂止敵即果。李榮以殺敵為果，賊來侵我所以除之，不以國大兵强專用。陸希聲以古之善用兵者果而已矣，不以取强。呂惠卿以果者剋敵，出於不得已，非所恃以取强。蘇轍以果者決也，不得已而以兵決之。吳澄以兵之善者果決於一時以定亂，不敢阻兵取勝。憨山以果猶言結果，了事便休，不敢取强。魏源以善者即有道者。王夫之以自命為果為誣。諸家訓「果」有果敢、濟難、決定、止敵、殺敵、果決、結果之別，而「不敢取强」則一致。", "introTrad": "河上公以行善者當果敢而已然也，不以果敢取强大之名。王弼以果猶濟也，善用師者趣以濟難而已，不以兵力取强於天下。成玄英以果為決定，止此暴心而不用兵。唐玄宗御注以善輔相者果於止敵，不敢求勝取强；御疏引《春秋》殺敵為果，謂止敵即果。李榮以殺敵為果，賊來侵我所以除之，不以國大兵强專用。陸希聲以古之善用兵者果而已矣，不以取强。呂惠卿以果者剋敵，出於不得已，非所恃以取强。蘇轍以果者決也，不得已而以兵決之。吳澄以兵之善者果決於一時以定亂，不敢阻兵取勝。憨山以果猶言結果，了事便休，不敢取强。魏源以善者即有道者。王夫之以自命為果為誣。諸家訓「果」有果敢、濟難、決定、止敵、殺敵、果決、結果之別，而「不敢取强」則一致。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "行善者當果敢而已，不以果敢取强大之名。", "thesisTrad": "行善者當果敢而已，不以果敢取强大之名。", "noteIds": [ "c004" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "行善者当果敢而已，不以果敢取强大之名。" }, "wangbi": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "果猶濟也，趣以濟難而已，不以兵力取强於天下。", "thesisTrad": "果猶濟也，趣以濟難而已，不以兵力取强於天下。", "noteIds": [ "c011" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "果犹济也，趣以济难而已，不以兵力取强于天下。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "果為決定，止此暴心而不用兵。", "thesisTrad": "果為決定，止此暴心而不用兵。", "noteIds": [ "c018" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "果为决定，止此暴心而不用兵。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "善輔相者果於止敵，不敢求勝取强。", "thesisTrad": "善輔相者果於止敵，不敢求勝取强。", "noteIds": [ "c025", "c026" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "善辅相者果于止敌，不敢求胜取强。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "殺敵為果，賊來侵我所以除之，不以國大兵强專用。", "thesisTrad": "殺敵為果，賊來侵我所以除之，不以國大兵强專用。", "noteIds": [ "c033" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "杀敌为果，贼来侵我所以除之，不以国大兵强专用。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "古之善用兵者果而已矣，不以取强。", "thesisTrad": "古之善用兵者果而已矣，不以取强。", "noteIds": [ "c037" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "古之善用兵者果而已矣，不以取强。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "果者剋敵，出於不得已，非所恃以取强。", "thesisTrad": "果者剋敵，出於不得已，非所恃以取强。", "noteIds": [ "c038" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "果者克敌，出于不得已，非所恃以取强。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "果者決也，不得已而以兵決之。", "thesisTrad": "果者決也，不得已而以兵決之。", "noteIds": [ "c041" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "果者决也，不得已而以兵决之。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "兵之善者果決於一時以定亂，不敢阻兵取勝。", "thesisTrad": "兵之善者果決於一時以定亂，不敢阻兵取勝。", "noteIds": [ "c046" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "兵之善者果决于一时以定乱，不敢阻兵取胜。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "果猶言結果，了事便休，不敢取强。", "thesisTrad": "果猶言結果，了事便休，不敢取强。", "noteIds": [ "c048" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "果犹言结果，了事便休，不敢取强。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "善者即有道者，矜伐驕三病一源。", "thesisTrad": "善者即有道者，矜伐驕三病一源。", "noteIds": [ "c049" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "善者即有道者，矜伐骄三病一源。" }, "wangfuzhi": { "workType": "衍", "workTypeTrad": "衍", "thesis": "自命為果，不已誣乎？", "thesisTrad": "自命為果，不已誣乎？", "noteIds": [ "c050" ], "workTypeSimp": "衍", "thesisSimp": "自命为果，不已诬乎？" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c011", "relation": "正釋", "relationTrad": "正釋", "text": "王弼以「果猶濟」立訓，把「果」限定為濟難，而非取勝。", "textTrad": "王弼以「果猶濟」立訓，把「果」限定為濟難，而非取勝。", "relationSimp": "正释", "textSimp": "王弼以「果犹济」立训，把「果」限定为济难，而非取胜。" }, { "noteId": "c026", "relation": "申說", "relationTrad": "申說", "text": "唐玄宗御疏引《春秋》殺敵為果，把「果」轉為止敵、止暴。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗御疏引《春秋》殺敵為果，把「果」轉為止敵、止暴。", "relationSimp": "申说", "textSimp": "唐玄宗御疏引《春秋》杀敌为果，把「果」转为止敌、止暴。" }, { "noteId": "c041", "relation": "別解", "relationTrad": "別解", "text": "蘇轍以「決」訓果，強調不得已而後以兵決之。", "textTrad": "蘇轍以「決」訓果，強調不得已而後以兵決之。", "relationSimp": "别解", "textSimp": "苏辙以「决」训果，强调不得已而后以兵决之。" } ], "nameSimp": "善有果而已，不敢以取强", "questionSimp": "「果」指甚么？何以「果」而仍「不敢取强」？", "introSimp": "河上公以行善者当果敢而已然也，不以果敢取强大之名。王弼以果犹济也，善用师者趣以济难而已，不以兵力取强于天下。成玄英以果为决定，止此暴心而不用兵。唐玄宗御注以善辅相者果于止敌，不敢求胜取强；御疏引《春秋》杀敌为果，谓止敌即果。李荣以杀敌为果，贼来侵我所以除之，不以国大兵强专用。陆希声以古之善用兵者果而已矣，不以取强。吕惠卿以果者克敌，出于不得已，非所恃以取强。苏辙以果者决也，不得已而以兵决之。吴澄以兵之善者果决于一时以定乱，不敢阻兵取胜。憨山以果犹言结果，了事便休，不敢取强。魏源以善者即有道者。王夫之以自命为果为诬。诸家训「果」有果敢、济难、决定、止敌、杀敌、果决、结果之别，而「不敢取强」则一致。" }, { "id": "guo-er-wu-jin", "name": "果而勿矜，果而勿伐，果而勿驕", "nameTrad": "果而勿矜，果而勿伐，果而勿驕", "question": "既已得果，何以必須勿矜、勿伐、勿驕？", "questionTrad": "既已得果，何以必須勿矜、勿伐、勿驕？", "intro": "河上公以當果敢謙卑、勿自矜大，當果敢推讓、勿自伐取其美，驕為欺、勿以驕欺。王弼以吾不以師道為尚、不得已而用，何矜驕之有。唐玄宗御注以雖果於止敵，慎勿矜功伐取以自驕盈；御疏以止敵自矜未名善勝，矜誇則傷於伐取，伐取其功則自為驕泰、驕泰則樂殺。李榮以自大為矜、取功為伐、好勝不已示賢於敵為驕，並引義兵王、應兵勝、忿兵死、驕兵滅。陸希聲以勿矜其能、勿伐其功、勿憍其心。呂惠卿以果而勿矜其能、勿伐其功、勿驕其勢。蘇轍以四者所以為勿强。吳澄引蘇氏說。憨山以不可自矜其能、自伐其功、驕恃其氣。魏源以矜者自恃、伐者誇大、驕者恣肆，三病一源。王夫之以五者居心。諸家皆以矜伐驕為果後之病，能自克則為勿强。", "introTrad": "河上公以當果敢謙卑、勿自矜大，當果敢推讓、勿自伐取其美，驕為欺、勿以驕欺。王弼以吾不以師道為尚、不得已而用，何矜驕之有。唐玄宗御注以雖果於止敵，慎勿矜功伐取以自驕盈；御疏以止敵自矜未名善勝，矜誇則傷於伐取，伐取其功則自為驕泰、驕泰則樂殺。李榮以自大為矜、取功為伐、好勝不已示賢於敵為驕，並引義兵王、應兵勝、忿兵死、驕兵滅。陸希聲以勿矜其能、勿伐其功、勿憍其心。呂惠卿以果而勿矜其能、勿伐其功、勿驕其勢。蘇轍以四者所以為勿强。吳澄引蘇氏說。憨山以不可自矜其能、自伐其功、驕恃其氣。魏源以矜者自恃、伐者誇大、驕者恣肆，三病一源。王夫之以五者居心。諸家皆以矜伐驕為果後之病，能自克則為勿强。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "當果敢謙卑、勿自矜大；當果敢推讓、勿自伐取其美；驕為欺、勿以驕欺。", "thesisTrad": "當果敢謙卑、勿自矜大；當果敢推讓、勿自伐取其美；驕為欺、勿以驕欺。", "noteIds": [ "c005" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "当果敢谦卑、勿自矜大；当果敢推让、勿自伐取其美；骄为欺、勿以骄欺。" }, "wangbi": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "吾不以師道為尚，不得已而用，何矜驕之有。", "thesisTrad": "吾不以師道為尚，不得已而用，何矜驕之有。", "noteIds": [ "c012" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "吾不以师道为尚，不得已而用，何矜骄之有。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "雖果於止敵，慎勿矜功伐取以自驕盈。", "thesisTrad": "雖果於止敵，慎勿矜功伐取以自驕盈。", "noteIds": [ "c025", "c026" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "虽果于止敌，慎勿矜功伐取以自骄盈。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "自大為矜、取功為伐、好勝不已示賢於敵為驕；善用兵者不矜不忿不貪不驕。", "thesisTrad": "自大為矜、取功為伐、好勝不已示賢於敵為驕；善用兵者不矜不忿不貪不驕。", "noteIds": [ "c034" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "自大为矜、取功为伐、好胜不已示贤于敌为骄；善用兵者不矜不忿不贪不骄。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "勿矜其能、勿伐其功、勿憍其心。", "thesisTrad": "勿矜其能、勿伐其功、勿憍其心。", "noteIds": [ "c037" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "勿矜其能、勿伐其功、勿憍其心。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "果而勿矜其能、勿伐其功、勿驕其勢。", "thesisTrad": "果而勿矜其能、勿伐其功、勿驕其勢。", "noteIds": [ "c038" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "果而勿矜其能、勿伐其功、勿骄其势。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "勿矜、勿伐、勿驕、不得已四者，所以為勿强。", "thesisTrad": "勿矜、勿伐、勿驕、不得已四者，所以為勿强。", "noteIds": [ "c042" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "勿矜、勿伐、勿骄、不得已四者，所以为勿强。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "兵之善者果決一時以定亂，不敢阻兵取勝。", "thesisTrad": "兵之善者果決一時以定亂，不敢阻兵取勝。", "noteIds": [ "c046" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "兵之善者果决一时以定乱，不敢阻兵取胜。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "不可自矜其能、自伐其功、驕恃其氣。", "thesisTrad": "不可自矜其能、自伐其功、驕恃其氣。", "noteIds": [ "c048" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "不可自矜其能、自伐其功、骄恃其气。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "矜者自恃、伐者誇大、驕者恣肆，三病一源。", "thesisTrad": "矜者自恃、伐者誇大、驕者恣肆，三病一源。", "noteIds": [ "c049" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "矜者自恃、伐者夸大、骄者恣肆，三病一源。" }, "wangfuzhi": { "workType": "衍", "workTypeTrad": "衍", "thesis": "五者居心，猶當以不得已處之。", "thesisTrad": "五者居心，猶當以不得已處之。", "noteIds": [ "c050" ], "workTypeSimp": "衍", "thesisSimp": "五者居心，犹当以不得已处之。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c005", "relation": "正釋", "relationTrad": "正釋", "text": "河上公逐項解矜、伐、驕，並以謙卑、推讓、勿欺收之。", "textTrad": "河上公逐項解矜、伐、驕，並以謙卑、推讓、勿欺收之。", "relationSimp": "正释", "textSimp": "河上公逐项解矜、伐、骄，并以谦卑、推让、勿欺收之。" }, { "noteId": "c034", "relation": "轉深", "relationTrad": "轉深", "text": "李榮以「三病一源」說矜伐驕，並引四兵之說以明其敗。", "textTrad": "李榮以「三病一源」說矜伐驕，並引四兵之說以明其敗。", "relationSimp": "转深", "textSimp": "李荣以「三病一源」说矜伐骄，并引四兵之说以明其败。" }, { "noteId": "c042", "relation": "申說", "relationTrad": "申說", "text": "蘇轍把勿矜、勿伐、勿驕、不得已四者統攝為「勿强」。", "textTrad": "蘇轍把勿矜、勿伐、勿驕、不得已四者統攝為「勿强」。", "relationSimp": "申说", "textSimp": "苏辙把勿矜、勿伐、勿骄、不得已四者统摄为「勿强」。" } ], "nameSimp": "果而勿矜，果而勿伐，果而勿骄", "questionSimp": "既已得果，何以必须勿矜、勿伐、勿骄？", "introSimp": "河上公以当果敢谦卑、勿自矜大，当果敢推让、勿自伐取其美，骄为欺、勿以骄欺。王弼以吾不以师道为尚、不得已而用，何矜骄之有。唐玄宗御注以虽果于止敌，慎勿矜功伐取以自骄盈；御疏以止敌自矜未名善胜，矜夸则伤于伐取，伐取其功则自为骄泰、骄泰则乐杀。李荣以自大为矜、取功为伐、好胜不已示贤于敌为骄，并引义兵王、应兵胜、忿兵死、骄兵灭。陆希声以勿矜其能、勿伐其功、勿憍其心。吕惠卿以果而勿矜其能、勿伐其功、勿骄其势。苏辙以四者所以为勿强。吴澄引苏氏说。憨山以不可自矜其能、自伐其功、骄恃其气。魏源以矜者自恃、伐者夸大、骄者恣肆，三病一源。王夫之以五者居心。诸家皆以矜伐骄为果后之病，能自克则为勿强。" }, { "id": "guo-er-bu-de-yi", "name": "果而不得已，果而勿强", "nameTrad": "果而不得已，果而勿强", "question": "「不得已」與「勿强」是何關係？", "questionTrad": "「不得已」與「勿强」是何關係？", "intro": "河上公以當果敢至誠、不當迫不得已，是果而勿强，勿以强兵堅甲侵陵人。王弼以用兵雖趣功果濟難，然時故不得已，但當除暴亂，不遂用果以為强。成玄英以堯攻有苗、禹攻有扈，事不得已、非樂兵戈，是決定不用强兵。唐玄宗御注以前敵來侵、不得休止，故用兵止之，果在應敵、非以取强；御疏以果於止敵非好勝陵人，勝不恃强。李榮以心定能不驕不矜、行不得已者，是果而勿强。陸希聲以雖果於三者，須不得已而後用，復果於濟雖而不止，猶不敢取强。呂惠卿以果常出於不得已，是乃果而勿强。蘇轍以四者所以為勿强。吳澄引蘇氏說。憨山以到底若出不得已。魏源以五「而」字讀若「於」。王夫之以五者居心。諸家皆以「不得已」為用兵之限度，「勿强」為果後之節制。", "introTrad": "河上公以當果敢至誠、不當迫不得已，是果而勿强，勿以强兵堅甲侵陵人。王弼以用兵雖趣功果濟難，然時故不得已，但當除暴亂，不遂用果以為强。成玄英以堯攻有苗、禹攻有扈，事不得已、非樂兵戈，是決定不用强兵。唐玄宗御注以前敵來侵、不得休止，故用兵止之，果在應敵、非以取强；御疏以果於止敵非好勝陵人，勝不恃强。李榮以心定能不驕不矜、行不得已者，是果而勿强。陸希聲以雖果於三者，須不得已而後用，復果於濟雖而不止，猶不敢取强。呂惠卿以果常出於不得已，是乃果而勿强。蘇轍以四者所以為勿强。吳澄引蘇氏說。憨山以到底若出不得已。魏源以五「而」字讀若「於」。王夫之以五者居心。諸家皆以「不得已」為用兵之限度，「勿强」為果後之節制。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "當果敢至誠、不當迫不得已；是果而勿强，勿以强兵堅甲侵陵人。", "thesisTrad": "當果敢至誠、不當迫不得已；是果而勿强，勿以强兵堅甲侵陵人。", "noteIds": [ "c006" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "当果敢至诚、不当迫不得已；是果而勿强，勿以强兵坚甲侵陵人。" }, "wangbi": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "用兵雖趣功果濟難，然時故不得已；但當除暴亂，不遂用果以為强。", "thesisTrad": "用兵雖趣功果濟難，然時故不得已；但當除暴亂，不遂用果以為强。", "noteIds": [ "c013" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "用兵虽趣功果济难，然时故不得已；但当除暴乱，不遂用果以为强。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "堯攻有苗、禹攻有扈，事不得已、非樂兵戈，是決定不用强兵。", "thesisTrad": "堯攻有苗、禹攻有扈，事不得已、非樂兵戈，是決定不用强兵。", "noteIds": [ "c019" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "尧攻有苗、禹攻有扈，事不得已、非乐兵戈，是决定不用强兵。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "前敵來侵、不得休止，故用兵止之；果在應敵、非以取强。", "thesisTrad": "前敵來侵、不得休止，故用兵止之；果在應敵、非以取强。", "noteIds": [ "c027", "c028" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "前敌来侵、不得休止，故用兵止之；果在应敌、非以取强。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "心定能不驕不矜、行不得已者，是果而勿强。", "thesisTrad": "心定能不驕不矜、行不得已者，是果而勿强。", "noteIds": [ "c035" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "心定能不骄不矜、行不得已者，是果而勿强。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "雖果於三者，須不得已而後用；猶不敢以取强。", "thesisTrad": "雖果於三者，須不得已而後用；猶不敢以取强。", "noteIds": [ "c037" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "虽果于三者，须不得已而后用；犹不敢以取强。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "果常出於不得已，是乃果而勿强之道。", "thesisTrad": "果常出於不得已，是乃果而勿强之道。", "noteIds": [ "c038" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "果常出于不得已，是乃果而勿强之道。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "勿矜、勿伐、勿驕、不得已四者，所以為勿强。", "thesisTrad": "勿矜、勿伐、勿驕、不得已四者，所以為勿强。", "noteIds": [ "c042" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "勿矜、勿伐、勿骄、不得已四者，所以为勿强。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "兵之善者果決一時以定亂，不敢阻兵取勝。", "thesisTrad": "兵之善者果決一時以定亂，不敢阻兵取勝。", "noteIds": [ "c046" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "兵之善者果决一时以定乱，不敢阻兵取胜。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "到底若出不得已，此所謂果而不可以取强。", "thesisTrad": "到底若出不得已，此所謂果而不可以取强。", "noteIds": [ "c048" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "到底若出不得已，此所谓果而不可以取强。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "五「而」字讀若「於」，人皆果於彼、我獨果於此。", "thesisTrad": "五「而」字讀若「於」，人皆果於彼、我獨果於此。", "noteIds": [ "c049" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "五「而」字读若「于」，人皆果于彼、我独果于此。" }, "wangfuzhi": { "workType": "衍", "workTypeTrad": "衍", "thesis": "雖在必用兵之時，猶當以五者居心。", "thesisTrad": "雖在必用兵之時，猶當以五者居心。", "noteIds": [ "c050" ], "workTypeSimp": "衍", "thesisSimp": "虽在必用兵之时，犹当以五者居心。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c013", "relation": "正釋", "relationTrad": "正釋", "text": "王弼以「除暴亂」為用兵界限，把勿强落在不遂果以為强。", "textTrad": "王弼以「除暴亂」為用兵界限，把勿强落在不遂果以為强。", "relationSimp": "正释", "textSimp": "王弼以「除暴乱」为用兵界限，把勿强落在不遂果以为强。" }, { "noteId": "c019", "relation": "轉深", "relationTrad": "轉深", "text": "成玄英以堯、禹征伐為例，說明不得已而非樂兵。", "textTrad": "成玄英以堯、禹征伐為例，說明不得已而非樂兵。", "relationSimp": "转深", "textSimp": "成玄英以尧、禹征伐为例，说明不得已而非乐兵。" }, { "noteId": "c027", "relation": "申說", "relationTrad": "申說", "text": "唐玄宗御疏以「勝不恃强」申勿强，把它落到戰勝之後的節制。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗御疏以「勝不恃强」申勿强，把它落到戰勝之後的節制。", "relationSimp": "申说", "textSimp": "唐玄宗御疏以「胜不恃强」申勿强，把它落到战胜之后的节制。" } ], "nameSimp": "果而不得已，果而勿强", "questionSimp": "「不得已」与「勿强」是何关系？", "introSimp": "河上公以当果敢至诚、不当迫不得已，是果而勿强，勿以强兵坚甲侵陵人。王弼以用兵虽趣功果济难，然时故不得已，但当除暴乱，不遂用果以为强。成玄英以尧攻有苗、禹攻有扈，事不得已、非乐兵戈，是决定不用强兵。唐玄宗御注以前敌来侵、不得休止，故用兵止之，果在应敌、非以取强；御疏以果于止敌非好胜陵人，胜不恃强。李荣以心定能不骄不矜、行不得已者，是果而勿强。陆希声以虽果于三者，须不得已而后用，复果于济虽而不止，犹不敢取强。吕惠卿以果常出于不得已，是乃果而勿强。苏辙以四者所以为勿强。吴澄引苏氏说。憨山以到底若出不得已。魏源以五「而」字读若「于」。王夫之以五者居心。诸家皆以「不得已」为用兵之限度，「勿强」为果后之节制。" }, { "id": "wu-zhuang-ze-lao", "name": "物壯則老，是謂不道，不道早已", "nameTrad": "物壯則老，是謂不道，不道早已", "question": "「物壯則老」何以是「不道」？「早已」是早止還是早亡？", "questionTrad": "「物壯則老」何以是「不道」？「早已」是早止還是早亡？", "intro": "河上公以草木壯極則枯落、人壯極則衰老，强者不可以為久；枯老者坐不行道，不行道者早死。王弼以壯為武力暴興，喻以兵强天下，飄風不終朝、驟雨不終日，故暴興必不道早已。成玄英以物壯則老、炎極則涼為理之常數，非真道故應止息。唐玄宗御注以物之用壯由兵之恃强，物壯則衰、兵强則敗，當早止不為；御疏以兵之恃强猶物之用壯，適足以速其衰老。李榮以少而必長、盛而必衰，兵强必弱，故言非道。陸希聲以物壯必老、兵强必敗，自然之勢。呂惠卿以少則壯、壯則老為物之情，守柔以為强乃所以久。蘇轍以壯之必老，唯有道者未嘗壯故未嘗老。吳澄以有道者常如嬰兒孺子，故不老而長年。憨山以物壯甚則易老，兵强速敗。魏源以物壯則老為天道，違之者不道。王夫之以消息之間不可犯其沖。諸家皆以壯為衰之始，以不道早已為當止或速亡。", "introTrad": "河上公以草木壯極則枯落、人壯極則衰老，强者不可以為久；枯老者坐不行道，不行道者早死。王弼以壯為武力暴興，喻以兵强天下，飄風不終朝、驟雨不終日，故暴興必不道早已。成玄英以物壯則老、炎極則涼為理之常數，非真道故應止息。唐玄宗御注以物之用壯由兵之恃强，物壯則衰、兵强則敗，當早止不為；御疏以兵之恃强猶物之用壯，適足以速其衰老。李榮以少而必長、盛而必衰，兵强必弱，故言非道。陸希聲以物壯必老、兵强必敗，自然之勢。呂惠卿以少則壯、壯則老為物之情，守柔以為强乃所以久。蘇轍以壯之必老，唯有道者未嘗壯故未嘗老。吳澄以有道者常如嬰兒孺子，故不老而長年。憨山以物壯甚則易老，兵强速敗。魏源以物壯則老為天道，違之者不道。王夫之以消息之間不可犯其沖。諸家皆以壯為衰之始，以不道早已為當止或速亡。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "草木壯極則枯落、人壯極則衰老，强者不可以為久；不行道者早死。", "thesisTrad": "草木壯極則枯落、人壯極則衰老，强者不可以為久；不行道者早死。", "noteIds": [ "c007" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "草木壮极则枯落、人壮极则衰老，强者不可以为久；不行道者早死。" }, "wangbi": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "壯為武力暴興，喻以兵强天下；暴興必不道早已。", "thesisTrad": "壯為武力暴興，喻以兵强天下；暴興必不道早已。", "noteIds": [ "c014" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "壮为武力暴兴，喻以兵强天下；暴兴必不道早已。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "物壯則老、炎極則涼，理之常數；非真道故應止息。", "thesisTrad": "物壯則老、炎極則涼，理之常數；非真道故應止息。", "noteIds": [ "c020" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "物壮则老、炎极则凉，理之常数；非真道故应止息。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "物之用壯由兵之恃强，物壯則衰、兵强則敗，當早止不為。", "thesisTrad": "物之用壯由兵之恃强，物壯則衰、兵强則敗，當早止不為。", "noteIds": [ "c029", "c030" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "物之用壮由兵之恃强，物壮则衰、兵强则败，当早止不为。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "少而必長、盛而必衰；兵强必弱，故言非道。", "thesisTrad": "少而必長、盛而必衰；兵强必弱，故言非道。", "noteIds": [ "c036" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "少而必长、盛而必衰；兵强必弱，故言非道。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "物壯必老、兵强必敗，自然之勢。", "thesisTrad": "物壯必老、兵强必敗，自然之勢。", "noteIds": [ "c037" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "物壮必老、兵强必败，自然之势。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "少則壯、壯則老，物之情也；守柔以為强乃所以久。", "thesisTrad": "少則壯、壯則老，物之情也；守柔以為强乃所以久。", "noteIds": [ "c038" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "少则壮、壮则老，物之情也；守柔以为强乃所以久。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "壯之必老，唯有道者未嘗壯故未嘗老。", "thesisTrad": "壯之必老，唯有道者未嘗壯故未嘗老。", "noteIds": [ "c043" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "壮之必老，唯有道者未尝壮故未尝老。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "有道者常如嬰兒孺子，故不老而長年。", "thesisTrad": "有道者常如嬰兒孺子，故不老而長年。", "noteIds": [ "c047" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "有道者常如婴儿孺子，故不老而长年。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "物壯甚則易老，兵强速敗。", "thesisTrad": "物壯甚則易老，兵强速敗。", "noteIds": [ "c048" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "物壮甚则易老，兵强速败。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "物壯則老為天道，違之者不道，宜其暴興必早已。", "thesisTrad": "物壯則老為天道，違之者不道，宜其暴興必早已。", "noteIds": [ "c049" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "物壮则老为天道，违之者不道，宜其暴兴必早已。" }, "wangfuzhi": { "workType": "衍", "workTypeTrad": "衍", "thesis": "善貴生者持其消息之間，不犯其消息之沖。", "thesisTrad": "善貴生者持其消息之間，不犯其消息之沖。", "noteIds": [ "c050" ], "workTypeSimp": "衍", "thesisSimp": "善贵生者持其消息之间，不犯其消息之冲。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c014", "relation": "正釋", "relationTrad": "正釋", "text": "王弼以「武力暴興」釋壯，並以飄風驟雨為喻。", "textTrad": "王弼以「武力暴興」釋壯，並以飄風驟雨為喻。", "relationSimp": "正释", "textSimp": "王弼以「武力暴兴」释壮，并以飘风骤雨为喻。" }, { "noteId": "c020", "relation": "轉深", "relationTrad": "轉深", "text": "成玄英以「炎極則涼」說物壯則老，把它提升為理之常數。", "textTrad": "成玄英以「炎極則涼」說物壯則老，把它提升為理之常數。", "relationSimp": "转深", "textSimp": "成玄英以「炎极则凉」说物壮则老，把它提升为理之常数。" }, { "noteId": "c030", "relation": "申說", "relationTrad": "申說", "text": "唐玄宗御疏以兵之恃强猶物之用壯，說明强兵適足以速其衰老。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗御疏以兵之恃强猶物之用壯，說明强兵適足以速其衰老。", "relationSimp": "申说", "textSimp": "唐玄宗御疏以兵之恃强犹物之用壮，说明强兵适足以速其衰老。" } ], "nameSimp": "物壮则老，是谓不道，不道早已", "questionSimp": "「物壮则老」何以是「不道」？「早已」是早止还是早亡？", "introSimp": "河上公以草木壮极则枯落、人壮极则衰老，强者不可以为久；枯老者坐不行道，不行道者早死。王弼以壮为武力暴兴，喻以兵强天下，飘风不终朝、骤雨不终日，故暴兴必不道早已。成玄英以物壮则老、炎极则凉为理之常数，非真道故应止息。唐玄宗御注以物之用壮由兵之恃强，物壮则衰、兵强则败，当早止不为；御疏以兵之恃强犹物之用壮，适足以速其衰老。李荣以少而必长、盛而必衰，兵强必弱，故言非道。陆希声以物壮必老、兵强必败，自然之势。吕惠卿以少则壮、壮则老为物之情，守柔以为强乃所以久。苏辙以壮之必老，唯有道者未尝壮故未尝老。吴澄以有道者常如婴儿孺子，故不老而长年。憨山以物壮甚则易老，兵强速败。魏源以物壮则老为天道，违之者不道。王夫之以消息之间不可犯其冲。诸家皆以壮为衰之始，以不道早已为当止或速亡。" } ], "requiredSources": [ "heshanggong", "tangxuanzong" ] }, "schema": "librebook.chapter/1", "generatedAt": "2026-10-30T11:41:46.893Z", "keyPrefix": "laozi-30", "idRules": { "chapter": "章节目录名（slug），如 01；URL 为 /laozi/01/。", "sentence": "章内局部编号 sNNN，全篇引用使用 laozi-01:sNNN；页面锚点继续使用 #sNNN。", "commentary": "章内注号 cNNN，字词注 nNNN，校记 kNNN；编号在章内稳定，跨章引用时加章节前缀。", "paragraph": "章内段落号 pNNN，与 sentence.paragraph 对应。" }, "book": { "id": "laozi", "slug": "laozi", "title": "老子", "titleSimp": "老子", "author": "老聃", "authorSimp": "老聃", "era": "春秋", "eraSimp": "春秋", "editor": "河上公、王弼等", "editorSimp": "河上公、王弼等", "edition": "王弼《老子注》", "editionSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "baseLabel": "王弼《老子注》", "baseLabelSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "separationLabel": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英義疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、嚴遵指歸、李榮注、陸希聲傳、呂惠卿傳、蘇轍老子解、吳澄道德真經注、憨山道德經解、魏源老子本義、俞樾平議、王夫之老子衍十四家", "separationLabelSimp": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英义疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、严遵指归、李荣注、陆希声传、吕惠卿传、苏辙老子解、吴澄道德真经注、憨山道德经解、魏源老子本义、俞樾平议、王夫之老子衍十四家", "intro": "《老子》八十一章，分道經、德經。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》為底本，逐章整理正文、舊注、今譯與校記；第一至八十一章已上線，全帙完竣。", "introSimp": "《老子》八十一章，分道经、德经。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》为底本，逐章整理正文、旧注、今译与校记；第一至八十一章已上线，全帙完竣。" }, "volume": { "id": "daojing", "order": 1, "title": "道經", "titleSimp": "道经" }, "chapter": { "id": "laozi-30", "slug": "30", "order": 30, "title": "第三十章", "titleSimp": "第三十章", "status": "published", "revision": "初校", "review": "待复核", "updated": "2026-10-29", "summary": "以「以道佐人主者，不以兵强天下，其事好還」發端，繼言「師之所處，荊棘生焉；大軍之後，必有凶年」，轉出「善有果而已，不敢以取强」與「果而勿矜，果而勿伐，果而勿驕，果而不得已，果而勿强」五事，末以「物壯則老，是謂不道，不道早已」收束；附河上公、王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之十二家注疏，嚴遵此章《玄德纂疏》無輯文、俞樾未列；河上公、王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮逐句分疏，蘇轍、吳澄分段作注，陸希聲、呂惠卿、憨山、魏源、王夫之各以整章一段通釋；河上公題「儉武」、唐玄宗題「以道佐人主章」，吳澄以此章為其第二十五章，魏源合第三十、三十一章為其第二十六章，河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗本章據《玄德纂疏》卷八所引，王弼此章注凡七條，異文並見校記。", "summarySimp": "以「以道佐人主者，不以兵强天下，其事好还」发端，继言「师之所处，荆棘生焉；大军之后，必有凶年」，转出「善有果而已，不敢以取强」与「果而勿矜，果而勿伐，果而勿骄，果而不得已，果而勿强」五事，末以「物壮则老，是谓不道，不道早已」收束；附河上公、王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、李荣、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之十二家注疏，严遵此章《玄德纂疏》无辑文、俞樾未列；河上公、王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、李荣逐句分疏，苏辙、吴澄分段作注，陆希声、吕惠卿、憨山、魏源、王夫之各以整章一段通释；河上公题「俭武」、唐玄宗题「以道佐人主章」，吴澄以此章为其第二十五章，魏源合第三十、三十一章为其第二十六章，河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗本章据《玄德纂疏》卷八所引，王弼此章注凡七条，异文并见校记。", "dataFile": "data/chapters/laozi-30.json", "relationsFile": "data/commentary-relations-laozi-30.json", "url": "/laozi/30/", "orderLabel": "第三十", "volumeId": "daojing", "part": "道經", "partSimp": "道经" }, "paragraphs": [ { "id": "p001", "no": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001", "s002", "s003", "s004", "s005", "s006" ], "count": 6 } ], "coverage": { "sentences": 6, "paragraphs": 1, "notes": { "covered": 6, "total": 6, "percent": 100 }, "charNotes": { "covered": 6, "total": 6, "percent": 100 }, "collations": { "covered": 5, "total": 6, "percent": 83.3, "count": 12 }, "translations": { "covered": 6, "total": 6, "percent": 100 } } }