{ "meta": { "book": { "id": "laozi", "title": "老子", "titleSimp": "老子", "author": "老聃", "authorSimp": "老聃", "era": "春秋", "eraSimp": "春秋", "editor": "河上公、王弼等", "editorSimp": "河上公、王弼等", "edition": "王弼《老子注》", "editionSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "slug": "laozi", "baseLabel": "王弼《老子注》", "baseLabelSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "separationLabel": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英義疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、嚴遵指歸、李榮注、陸希聲傳、呂惠卿傳、蘇轍老子解、吳澄道德真經注、憨山道德經解、魏源老子本義、俞樾平議、王夫之老子衍十四家", "separationLabelSimp": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英义疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、严遵指归、李荣注、陆希声传、吕惠卿传、苏辙老子解、吴澄道德真经注、憨山道德经解、魏源老子本义、俞樾平议、王夫之老子衍十四家", "intro": "《老子》八十一章，分道經、德經。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》為底本，逐章整理正文、舊注、今譯與校記；第一至八十一章已上線，全帙完竣。", "introSimp": "《老子》八十一章，分道经、德经。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》为底本，逐章整理正文、旧注、今译与校记；第一至八十一章已上线，全帙完竣。" }, "chapter": { "id": "laozi-31", "no": 31, "part": "道經", "partSimp": "道经", "title": "第三十一章", "titleSimp": "第三十一章", "intro": "《老子》第三十一章，河上公題「偃武」，唐玄宗題「夫佳兵章」。全章六句：首言夫佳兵者不祥之器，物或惡之，故有道者不處；次言君子居則貴左、用兵則貴右；轉言兵者不祥之器、非君子之器，不得已而用之，恬澹為上；再言勝而不美，而美之者是好殺人，樂殺人者不可以得志於天下；復以吉事尚左、凶事尚右、偏將軍居左、上將軍居右，明以喪禮處之；末言殺人之眾以悲哀泣之、戰勝以喪禮處之。河上公以兵者驚精神、濁和氣，不善人之器，不當修飾；兵動有所害，萬物無不惡之，有道之人不處其國；君子貴柔弱，用兵貴剛强，兵道與君子道反；兵革不善，非君子所貴重器；澹為上，不貪土地、利人財寶；勝而不美，為人主不妄行刑誅；吉事尚左、凶事尚右，上將軍尊故居右主殺；戰勝當素服而哭，明貴德賤兵。王弼此章注已闕，《道藏》本王弼注僅存經文；魏源謂「王弼此章句已闕」，晁說之則謂王弼注以「兵者不祥之器」以下至末皆非老子本文，王雱疑經注相間、古義疏混入經文，今並存其說。成玄英以佳麗釋佳，謂霜戈寶劍乃凶荒之具，內解則三毒六根之兵；一切人物畏兵惡貪，故有道行人不處心於兵戈貪欲；左陽主生、右陰主殺，喻實智貴長生、權智有時而殺；不得已而用，權智亦爾；恬澹無為，雖用兵而不以為美；樂殺之夫天下共疾讎；偏小之將居左、上大將軍處右，以死喪之禮安處之；戰勝不以爲善，素服而哭，以明權劣實勝。唐玄宗御注以佳為好、兵為謀略，攻取殺伐為不善之材器；左陽發生、右陰肅殺；好兵尚殺，非君子之器；戎狄內侵故不得已，善勝不爭是恬澹為上；制勝必哀其人，不以爲美；偏將軍卑處左不專殺，上將軍尊處右主兵謀；喪禮尚右，故上將軍居右；殺人則以悲哀傷泣；戰勝受爵居右，尚右非吉，故以喪禮處之。御疏申以藏器俟時、遊心道德；文德為理代之器，兵謀不過輔助；四夷來侵當示恩惠、緩道德；不能以德懷來而用兵求勝，雖克猶慚德薄；引《檀弓》拱而尚右之文；又謂諸注「古有斯禮」尋閱墳典無據，故不錄。李榮以精飾為佳，兵動有亡國失人之患；經天曰文、止戈為武，平居好生以左為重、行兵主殺以右為貴；兵為爪牙所司、非元首器用；恬澹靜也，有征無戰；君者人之父母，美兵好殺非謂養人；偏將不當殺故居左、上將閫外行誅故居右；克敵之後將軍素服主喪行禮受弔。嚴遵《指歸》道經原卷缺佚，此章僅《玄德纂疏》卷八存「君子者有土之君也，貴左者尚生長也」一句。陸希聲以佳尚兵謀之人非祥善之材器；左陽右陰，陽主德生、陰主刑殺；兵者不祥之器用，非君子之器用，不得已而用之，以恬於見利、淡於欲勝為上；樂殺人者人亦殺之、天亦殺之；偏將軍兵之佐故居左、上將軍兵之主故居右，居上勢者尚右，是以喪禮處之；再歎其辭，惡殺人之甚。呂惠卿以文覿武匿為天地之道、陰陽之理；兵而佳之是器之不祥；君子所貴異乎平居，固以不祥之器處之；不得已而用，恬淡為上，故勝而不美；天將救之以慈衛之，美之則是樂殺人；以喪禮處之則不美可知，以悲哀泣之則不樂殺人可知，老君察於禮學如此。蘇轍此章僅注首句，以濟難而不以為常釋「不處」。吳澄以佳為嘉之，不祥謂無吉慶而有凶災，不處謂不肯以此處身；君子不處平日所貴之位而處所不貴之位；恬者不歡愉、淡者不濃厚；美之是推言不美；吉事尚左以下申言不處，殺人以下申言不美。憨山以佳兵為用兵之最精巧者，兵益佳而禍益深；古今善用兵者多不得其死、多無後；右乃凶地，知兵為不祥之器；恬淡者心和平、不以功利為美；樂殺人者必不可使得志於天下；上將軍司殺之重，故居上勢者當以喪禮處之。魏源考古佳字無訓美者，王石臞謂佳乃「夫惟」之誤，然漢人已有「佳兵不祥」之語；左陽右陰故吉凶異尚；恬者不歡愉、憺者不釀厚；又謂王弼此章句已闕，晁說之、王雱疑經注相間。王夫之以與其悲之於後、何如忘之於先，與其以凶禮居功、何如以吉道處無功之地，譏不能先機擇吉者為「彼惡知禮意」。本站以王弼《老子注》為底本，分列河上公章句、成玄英義疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、嚴遵指歸輯文、李榮注、陸希聲傳、呂惠卿傳、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》與王夫之《老子衍》，並附編者今譯。王弼此章注闕，故不列王弼注；俞樾《諸子平議》此章亦未列。吳澄以此章為其第二十六章，魏源合第三十、三十一章為其第二十六章。", "introSimp": "《老子》第三十一章，河上公题「偃武」，唐玄宗题「夫佳兵章」。全章六句：首言夫佳兵者不祥之器，物或恶之，故有道者不处；次言君子居则贵左、用兵则贵右；转言兵者不祥之器、非君子之器，不得已而用之，恬澹为上；再言胜而不美，而美之者是好杀人，乐杀人者不可以得志于天下；复以吉事尚左、凶事尚右、偏将军居左、上将军居右，明以丧礼处之；末言杀人之众以悲哀泣之、战胜以丧礼处之。河上公以兵者惊精神、浊和气，不善人之器，不当修饰；兵动有所害，万物无不恶之，有道之人不处其国；君子贵柔弱，用兵贵刚强，兵道与君子道反；兵革不善，非君子所贵重器；澹为上，不贪土地、利人财宝；胜而不美，为人主不妄行刑诛；吉事尚左、凶事尚右，上将军尊故居右主杀；战胜当素服而哭，明贵德贱兵。王弼此章注已阙，《道藏》本王弼注仅存经文；魏源谓「王弼此章句已阙」，晁说之则谓王弼注以「兵者不祥之器」以下至末皆非老子本文，王雱疑经注相间、古义疏混入经文，今并存其说。成玄英以佳丽释佳，谓霜戈宝剑乃凶荒之具，内解则三毒六根之兵；一切人物畏兵恶贪，故有道行人不处心于兵戈贪欲；左阳主生、右阴主杀，喻实智贵长生、权智有时而杀；不得已而用，权智亦尔；恬澹无为，虽用兵而不以为美；乐杀之夫天下共疾雠；偏小之将居左、上大将军处右，以死丧之礼安处之；战胜不以为善，素服而哭，以明权劣实胜。唐玄宗御注以佳为好、兵为谋略，攻取杀伐为不善之材器；左阳发生、右阴肃杀；好兵尚杀，非君子之器；戎狄内侵故不得已，善胜不争是恬澹为上；制胜必哀其人，不以为美；偏将军卑处左不专杀，上将军尊处右主兵谋；丧礼尚右，故上将军居右；杀人则以悲哀伤泣；战胜受爵居右，尚右非吉，故以丧礼处之。御疏申以藏器俟时、游心道德；文德为理代之器，兵谋不过辅助；四夷来侵当示恩惠、缓道德；不能以德怀来而用兵求胜，虽克犹惭德薄；引《檀弓》拱而尚右之文；又谓诸注「古有斯礼」寻阅坟典无据，故不录。李荣以精饰为佳，兵动有亡国失人之患；经天曰文、止戈为武，平居好生以左为重、行兵主杀以右为贵；兵为爪牙所司、非元首器用；恬澹静也，有征无战；君者人之父母，美兵好杀非谓养人；偏将不当杀故居左、上将阃外行诛故居右；克敌之后将军素服主丧行礼受吊。严遵《指归》道经原卷缺佚，此章仅《玄德纂疏》卷八存「君子者有土之君也，贵左者尚生长也」一句。陆希声以佳尚兵谋之人非祥善之材器；左阳右阴，阳主德生、阴主刑杀；兵者不祥之器用，非君子之器用，不得已而用之，以恬于见利、淡于欲胜为上；乐杀人者人亦杀之、天亦杀之；偏将军兵之佐故居左、上将军兵之主故居右，居上势者尚右，是以丧礼处之；再叹其辞，恶杀人之甚。吕惠卿以文觌武匿为天地之道、阴阳之理；兵而佳之是器之不祥；君子所贵异乎平居，固以不祥之器处之；不得已而用，恬淡为上，故胜而不美；天将救之以慈卫之，美之则是乐杀人；以丧礼处之则不美可知，以悲哀泣之则不乐杀人可知，老君察于礼学如此。苏辙此章仅注首句，以济难而不以为常释「不处」。吴澄以佳为嘉之，不祥谓无吉庆而有凶灾，不处谓不肯以此处身；君子不处平日所贵之位而处所不贵之位；恬者不欢愉、淡者不浓厚；美之是推言不美；吉事尚左以下申言不处，杀人以下申言不美。憨山以佳兵为用兵之最精巧者，兵益佳而祸益深；古今善用兵者多不得其死、多无后；右乃凶地，知兵为不祥之器；恬淡者心和平、不以功利为美；乐杀人者必不可使得志于天下；上将军司杀之重，故居上势者当以丧礼处之。魏源考古佳字无训美者，王石臞谓佳乃「夫惟」之误，然汉人已有「佳兵不祥」之语；左阳右阴故吉凶异尚；恬者不欢愉、憺者不酿厚；又谓王弼此章句已阙，晁说之、王雱疑经注相间。王夫之以与其悲之于后、何如忘之于先，与其以凶礼居功、何如以吉道处无功之地，讥不能先机择吉者为「彼恶知礼意」。本站以王弼《老子注》为底本，分列河上公章句、成玄英义疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、严遵指归辑文、李荣注、陆希声传、吕惠卿传、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》与王夫之《老子衍》，并附编者今译。王弼此章注阙，故不列王弼注；俞樾《诸子平议》此章亦未列。吴澄以此章为其第二十六章，魏源合第三十、三十一章为其第二十六章。", "guide": "點擊任一句可展開句注；點擊字詞可看本句訓釋；按「諸家並觀」可將同一句的舊注並列對讀，本章十二家舊注。河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮逐句或分段分疏，蘇轍僅注首句，吳澄分段作注；嚴遵僅存一句輯文；陸希聲、呂惠卿、憨山、魏源、王夫之各以整章一段通釋。王弼此章注闕，故不列王弼注；俞樾《諸子平議》此章未列。", "guideSimp": "点击任一句可展开句注；点击字词可看本句训释；按「诸家并观」可将同一句的旧注并列对读，本章十二家旧注。河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李荣逐句或分段分疏，苏辙仅注首句，吴澄分段作注；严遵仅存一句辑文；陆希声、吕惠卿、憨山、魏源、王夫之各以整章一段通释。王弼此章注阙，故不列王弼注；俞樾《诸子平议》此章未列。", "slug": "31", "order": 31, "status": "published", "revision": "初校", "review": "待复核", "updated": "2026-10-29", "summary": "以「夫佳兵者，不祥之器，物或惡之，故有道者不處」發端，繼言「君子居則貴左，用兵則貴右」，轉出「兵者不祥之器，非君子之器，不得已而用之，恬澹為上」，再言「勝而不美，而美之者，是樂殺人。夫樂殺人者，則不可以得志於天下矣」，復以「吉事尚左，凶事尚右。偏將軍居左，上將軍居右，言以喪禮處之」明之，末以「殺人之眾，以悲哀泣之。戰勝，以喪禮處之」收束；附河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、嚴遵、李榮、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之十二家注疏，王弼此章注闕、俞樾未列；河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮逐句或分段分疏，蘇轍僅注首句，吳澄分段作注，嚴遵僅存一句輯文，陸希聲、呂惠卿、憨山、魏源、王夫之各以整章一段通釋；河上公題「偃武」、唐玄宗題「夫佳兵章」，吳澄以此章為其第二十六章，魏源合第三十、三十一章為其第二十六章，河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、嚴遵本章據《玄德纂疏》卷八所引，異文並見校記。", "summarySimp": "以「夫佳兵者，不祥之器，物或恶之，故有道者不处」发端，继言「君子居则贵左，用兵则贵右」，转出「兵者不祥之器，非君子之器，不得已而用之，恬澹为上」，再言「胜而不美，而美之者，是乐杀人。夫乐杀人者，则不可以得志于天下矣」，复以「吉事尚左，凶事尚右。偏将军居左，上将军居右，言以丧礼处之」明之，末以「杀人之众，以悲哀泣之。战胜，以丧礼处之」收束；附河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、严遵、李荣、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之十二家注疏，王弼此章注阙、俞樾未列；河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李荣逐句或分段分疏，苏辙仅注首句，吴澄分段作注，严遵仅存一句辑文，陆希声、吕惠卿、憨山、魏源、王夫之各以整章一段通释；河上公题「偃武」、唐玄宗题「夫佳兵章」，吴澄以此章为其第二十六章，魏源合第三十、三十一章为其第二十六章，河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、严遵本章据《玄德纂疏》卷八所引，异文并见校记。", "dataFile": "data/chapters/laozi-31.json", "relationsFile": "data/commentary-relations-laozi-31.json", "url": "/laozi/31/", "volumeId": "daojing", "volumeTitle": "道經", "volumeTitleSimp": "道经", "orderLabel": "第三十一" }, "edition": { "base": "王弼《老子注》", "baseEdition": "王弼《老子注》通行本", "separation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、嚴遵《道德真經指歸》輯文、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》、王夫之《老子衍》諸本對校；河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、嚴遵此章據《玄德纂疏》卷八所引", "punctuation": "數字轉錄所附現代標點，本站僅作閱讀輔助，尚未逐字復核原刻", "digital": "中華典藏網、識典古籍、大道家園公開轉錄、Kanripo 漢籍全文資料庫（僅作文字底本）", "caution": "王弼底本作「夫佳兵者，不祥之器。物或惡之，故有道者不處。君子居則貴左，用兵則貴右。兵者不祥之器，非君子之器，不得已而用之，恬澹為上。勝而不美，而美之者，是樂殺人。夫樂殺人者，則不可以得志於天下矣。吉事尚左，凶事尚右。偏將軍居左，上將軍居右，言以喪禮處之。殺人之眾，以悲哀泣之。戰勝，以喪禮處之」；王弼此章注已闕，魏源謂「王弼此章句已闕」，晁說之謂王弼注以「兵者不祥之器」以下至末皆非老子本文，王雱疑經注相間、古義疏混入經文。河上公題「偃武第三十一」，唐玄宗題「夫佳兵章第三十一」，王弼本無章題。河上公、李榮、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山、魏源作「夫佳兵者」，王夫之作「夫兵者」；魏源本「不祥」下無「之器」二字，吳澄本亦無「之器」而有「也」字；《道藏》本王弼注與呂惠卿本作「物惑惡之」，諸本作「物或惡之」；王弼作「恬澹」，河上公、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍作「恬淡」，魏源作「恬憺」；王弼有「則不可以得志於天下矣」，陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、憨山無「則」；王弼作「殺人之眾」，河上公、魏源作「殺人眾多」；王弼作「偏將軍居左，上將軍居右」，陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山作「處左」「處右」；王弼、河上公無「居上勢則」四字，憨山、焦竑本有；王弼無「則」字，魏源、吳澄有「則」，吳澄「處之」作「主之」。嚴遵《指歸》道經原卷缺佚，此章僅《玄德纂疏》存「君子者有土之君也，貴左者尚生長也」一句。吳澄以此章為其第二十六章，魏源合第三十、三十一章為其第二十六章。俞樾《諸子平議》此章未列。正文從王弼本，異文見校記。", "baseSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "baseEditionSimp": "王弼《老子注》通行本", "separationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、严遵《道德真经指归》辑文、李荣《道德真经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》、王夫之《老子衍》诸本对校；河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、严遵此章据《玄德纂疏》卷八所引", "punctuationSimp": "数字转录所附现代标点，本站仅作阅读辅助，尚未逐字复核原刻", "digitalSimp": "中华典藏网、识典古籍、大道家园公开转录、Kanripo 汉籍全文资料库（仅作文字底本）", "cautionSimp": "王弼底本作「夫佳兵者，不祥之器。物或恶之，故有道者不处。君子居则贵左，用兵则贵右。兵者不祥之器，非君子之器，不得已而用之，恬澹为上。胜而不美，而美之者，是乐杀人。夫乐杀人者，则不可以得志于天下矣。吉事尚左，凶事尚右。偏将军居左，上将军居右，言以丧礼处之。杀人之众，以悲哀泣之。战胜，以丧礼处之」；王弼此章注已阙，魏源谓「王弼此章句已阙」，晁说之谓王弼注以「兵者不祥之器」以下至末皆非老子本文，王雱疑经注相间、古义疏混入经文。河上公题「偃武第三十一」，唐玄宗题「夫佳兵章第三十一」，王弼本无章题。河上公、李荣、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、憨山、魏源作「夫佳兵者」，王夫之作「夫兵者」；魏源本「不祥」下无「之器」二字，吴澄本亦无「之器」而有「也」字；《道藏》本王弼注与吕惠卿本作「物惑恶之」，诸本作「物或恶之」；王弼作「恬澹」，河上公、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙作「恬淡」，魏源作「恬憺」；王弼有「则不可以得志于天下矣」，陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、憨山无「则」；王弼作「杀人之众」，河上公、魏源作「杀人众多」；王弼作「偏将军居左，上将军居右」，陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、憨山作「处左」「处右」；王弼、河上公无「居上势则」四字，憨山、焦竑本有；王弼无「则」字，魏源、吴澄有「则」，吴澄「处之」作「主之」。严遵《指归》道经原卷缺佚，此章仅《玄德纂疏》存「君子者有土之君也，贵左者尚生长也」一句。吴澄以此章为其第二十六章，魏源合第三十、三十一章为其第二十六章。俞樾《诸子平议》此章未列。正文从王弼本，异文见校记。" }, "license": { "historical": "公有領域", "translation": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "code": "MIT" }, "stats": { "sentences": 6, "commentaries": 74, "charNotes": 12, "collations": 12 } }, "sources": [ { "id": "heshanggong", "name": "河上公章句", "short": "河上公", "author": "河上公", "work": "老子道德經章句", "era": "漢", "years": "傳漢文帝時", "color": "#a3542c", "desc": "分章句解，兼重治身與治國；此章題「偃武」，以兵者驚精神、濁和氣，不善人之器，不當修飾；兵動有所害，萬物無不惡之，有道之人不處其國；君子貴柔弱、用兵貴剛强，兵道與君子道反；兵革不善，非君子所貴重器；澹為上，不貪土地、利人財寶；勝而不美，為人主不妄行刑誅；偏將軍卑而居陽、上將軍尊而居右主殺；戰勝當素服而哭，明貴德賤兵。此章據《玄德纂疏》卷八所引。", "count": 10, "nameSimp": "河上公章句", "workSimp": "老子道德经章句", "authorSimp": "河上公", "eraSimp": "汉", "yearsSimp": "传汉文帝时", "descSimp": "分章句解，兼重治身与治国；此章题「偃武」，以兵者惊精神、浊和气，不善人之器，不当修饰；兵动有所害，万物无不恶之，有道之人不处其国；君子贵柔弱、用兵贵刚强，兵道与君子道反；兵革不善，非君子所贵重器；澹为上，不贪土地、利人财宝；胜而不美，为人主不妄行刑诛；偏将军卑而居阳、上将军尊而居右主杀；战胜当素服而哭，明贵德贱兵。此章据《玄德纂疏》卷八所引。", "shortSimp": "河上公" }, { "id": "chengxuanying", "name": "成玄英疏", "short": "成疏", "author": "成玄英", "work": "老子道德經義疏", "era": "唐", "years": "約 608–669", "color": "#6b7a4a", "desc": "以重玄雙遣為宗；此章以佳麗釋佳，謂霜戈寶劍乃凶荒之具，內解則三毒六根之兵；一切人物畏兵惡貪，故有道行人不處心於兵戈貪欲；左陽主生、右陰主殺，喻實智貴長生、權智有時而殺；不得已而用，權智亦爾；恬澹無為，雖用兵而不以為美；樂殺之夫天下共疾讎；偏小之將居左、上大將軍處右，以死喪之禮安處之；戰勝不以爲善，素服而哭，以明權劣實勝。此章據《玄德纂疏》卷八所引。", "count": 9, "nameSimp": "成玄英疏", "workSimp": "老子道德经义疏", "authorSimp": "成玄英", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "约 608–669", "descSimp": "以重玄双遣为宗；此章以佳丽释佳，谓霜戈宝剑乃凶荒之具，内解则三毒六根之兵；一切人物畏兵恶贪，故有道行人不处心于兵戈贪欲；左阳主生、右阴主杀，喻实智贵长生、权智有时而杀；不得已而用，权智亦尔；恬澹无为，虽用兵而不以为美；乐杀之夫天下共疾雠；偏小之将居左、上大将军处右，以死丧之礼安处之；战胜不以为善，素服而哭，以明权劣实胜。此章据《玄德纂疏》卷八所引。", "shortSimp": "成疏" }, { "id": "tangxuanzong", "name": "唐玄宗御注御疏", "short": "御注", "author": "李隆基", "work": "道德真經注疏", "era": "唐", "years": "685–762", "color": "#9b3d3d", "desc": "帝王御注，兼採諸家；御注以佳為好、兵為謀略，攻取殺伐為不善之材器；左陽發生、右陰肅殺；好兵尚殺，非君子之器；戎狄內侵故不得已，善勝不爭是恬澹為上；制勝必哀其人，不以爲美；偏將軍卑處左不專殺，上將軍尊處右主兵謀；喪禮尚右，故上將軍居右；殺人則以悲哀傷泣；戰勝受爵居右，尚右非吉，故以喪禮處之。御疏申以藏器俟時、遊心道德；文德為理代之器，兵謀不過輔助；四夷來侵當示恩惠、緩道德；引《檀弓》拱而尚右之文；又謂諸注「古有斯禮」尋閱墳典無據，故不錄。此章據《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏。", "count": 19, "nameSimp": "唐玄宗御注御疏", "workSimp": "道德真经注疏", "authorSimp": "李隆基", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "685–762", "descSimp": "帝王御注，兼采诸家；御注以佳为好、兵为谋略，攻取杀伐为不善之材器；左阳发生、右阴肃杀；好兵尚杀，非君子之器；戎狄内侵故不得已，善胜不争是恬澹为上；制胜必哀其人，不以为美；偏将军卑处左不专杀，上将军尊处右主兵谋；丧礼尚右，故上将军居右；杀人则以悲哀伤泣；战胜受爵居右，尚右非吉，故以丧礼处之。御疏申以藏器俟时、游心道德；文德为理代之器，兵谋不过辅助；四夷来侵当示恩惠、缓道德；引《檀弓》拱而尚右之文；又谓诸注「古有斯礼」寻阅坟典无据，故不录。此章据《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏。", "shortSimp": "御注" }, { "id": "yanzun", "name": "嚴遵指歸", "short": "嚴遵", "author": "嚴遵", "work": "道德真經指歸", "era": "漢", "years": "生卒不詳", "color": "#7a5a3a", "desc": "《指歸》道經原卷缺佚，此章僅《玄德纂疏》卷八存輯文一句：「君子者有土之君也，貴左者尚生長也」；以君子為有土之君，以貴左為尚生長。其書多以陰陽生物、反本歸真為說。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "严遵指归", "workSimp": "道德真经指归", "authorSimp": "严遵", "eraSimp": "汉", "yearsSimp": "生卒不详", "descSimp": "《指归》道经原卷缺佚，此章仅《玄德纂疏》卷八存辑文一句：「君子者有土之君也，贵左者尚生长也」；以君子为有土之君，以贵左为尚生长。其书多以阴阳生物、反本归真为说。", "shortSimp": "严遵" }, { "id": "lirong", "name": "李榮注", "short": "李注", "author": "李榮", "work": "道德真經注", "era": "唐", "years": "生卒不詳", "color": "#4f6b7a", "desc": "唐初道士，以重玄遣執解《老》；此章以精飾為佳，兵動有亡國失人之患；經天曰文、止戈為武，平居好生以左為重、行兵主殺以右為貴；兵為爪牙所司、非元首器用；恬澹靜也，有征無戰；君者人之父母，美兵好殺非謂養人；偏將不當殺故居左、上將閫外行誅故居右；克敵之後將軍素服主喪行禮受弔。此章據《道藏》本，參《玄德纂疏》卷八所引。", "count": 7, "nameSimp": "李荣注", "workSimp": "道德真经注", "authorSimp": "李荣", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "生卒不详", "descSimp": "唐初道士，以重玄遣执解《老》；此章以精饰为佳，兵动有亡国失人之患；经天曰文、止戈为武，平居好生以左为重、行兵主杀以右为贵；兵为爪牙所司、非元首器用；恬澹静也，有征无战；君者人之父母，美兵好杀非谓养人；偏将不当杀故居左、上将阃外行诛故居右；克敌之后将军素服主丧行礼受吊。此章据《道藏》本，参《玄德纂疏》卷八所引。", "shortSimp": "李注" }, { "id": "luxisheng", "name": "陸希聲傳", "short": "陸傳", "author": "陸希聲", "work": "道德經傳", "era": "唐", "years": "？–895", "color": "#6a5a7a", "desc": "以情性說道器；此章整章一傳，以佳尚兵謀之人非祥善之材器；左陽右陰，陽主德生、陰主刑殺；兵者不祥之器用，非君子之器用，不得已而用之，以恬於見利、淡於欲勝為上；樂殺人者人亦殺之、天亦殺之；偏將軍兵之佐故居左、上將軍兵之主故居右，居上勢者尚右，是以喪禮處之；再歎其辭，惡殺人之甚。其本作「恬淡」「不可得志於天下」（無「則」）「偏將軍處左，上將軍處右」「戰勝則以喪禮處之」。", "count": 6, "nameSimp": "陆希声传", "workSimp": "道德经传", "authorSimp": "陆希声", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "？–895", "descSimp": "以情性说道器；此章整章一传，以佳尚兵谋之人非祥善之材器；左阳右阴，阳主德生、阴主刑杀；兵者不祥之器用，非君子之器用，不得已而用之，以恬于见利、淡于欲胜为上；乐杀人者人亦杀之、天亦杀之；偏将军兵之佐故居左、上将军兵之主故居右，居上势者尚右，是以丧礼处之；再叹其辞，恶杀人之甚。其本作「恬淡」「不可得志于天下」（无「则」）「偏将军处左，上将军处右」「战胜则以丧礼处之」。", "shortSimp": "陆传" }, { "id": "lvhuiqing", "name": "呂惠卿傳", "short": "呂傳", "author": "呂惠卿", "work": "道德真經傳", "era": "北宋", "years": "1032–1111", "color": "#7a6a4a", "desc": "此章整章一傳，以文覿武匿為天地之道、陰陽之理；兵而佳之是器之不祥；君子所貴異乎平居，固以不祥之器處之；不得已而用，恬淡為上，故勝而不美；天將救之以慈衛之，美之則是樂殺人；以喪禮處之則不美可知，以悲哀泣之則不樂殺人可知，老君察於禮學如此。其本作「物惑惡之」「恬淡」「不可得志於天下」（無「則」）「偏將軍處左，上將軍處右」。", "count": 6, "nameSimp": "吕惠卿传", "workSimp": "道德真经传", "authorSimp": "吕惠卿", "eraSimp": "北宋", "yearsSimp": "1032–1111", "descSimp": "此章整章一传，以文觌武匿为天地之道、阴阳之理；兵而佳之是器之不祥；君子所贵异乎平居，固以不祥之器处之；不得已而用，恬淡为上，故胜而不美；天将救之以慈卫之，美之则是乐杀人；以丧礼处之则不美可知，以悲哀泣之则不乐杀人可知，老君察于礼学如此。其本作「物惑恶之」「恬淡」「不可得志于天下」（无「则」）「偏将军处左，上将军处右」。", "shortSimp": "吕传" }, { "id": "suzhe", "name": "蘇轍老子解", "short": "蘇解", "author": "蘇轍", "work": "老子解", "era": "北宋", "years": "1039–1112", "color": "#4a6a6a", "desc": "此章僅注首句，以濟難而不以爲常釋「不處」；以下無注。其本作「恬淡」「不可得志於天下」（無「則」）「偏將軍處左，上將軍處右」「戰勝則以喪禮處之」。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "苏辙老子解", "workSimp": "老子解", "authorSimp": "苏辙", "eraSimp": "北宋", "yearsSimp": "1039–1112", "descSimp": "此章仅注首句，以济难而不以为常释「不处」；以下无注。其本作「恬淡」「不可得志于天下」（无「则」）「偏将军处左，上将军处右」「战胜则以丧礼处之」。", "shortSimp": "苏解" }, { "id": "wucheng", "name": "吳澄道德真經注", "short": "吳注", "author": "吳澄", "work": "道德真經注", "era": "元", "years": "1249–1333", "color": "#5a6a3a", "desc": "此章為其第二十六章；以佳為嘉之，不祥謂無吉慶而有凶災，不處謂不肯以此處身；君子不處平日所貴之位而處所不貴之位；恬者不歡愉、淡者不濃厚；美之是推言不美；吉事尚左以下申言不處，殺人以下申言不美。其本作「夫佳兵者不祥，物或惡之，故有道者不處也」（無「之器」）「不可以得志於天下矣」「戰勝以喪禮主之」。", "count": 6, "nameSimp": "吴澄道德真经注", "workSimp": "道德真经注", "authorSimp": "吴澄", "eraSimp": "元", "yearsSimp": "1249–1333", "descSimp": "此章为其第二十六章；以佳为嘉之，不祥谓无吉庆而有凶灾，不处谓不肯以此处身；君子不处平日所贵之位而处所不贵之位；恬者不欢愉、淡者不浓厚；美之是推言不美；吉事尚左以下申言不处，杀人以下申言不美。其本作「夫佳兵者不祥，物或恶之，故有道者不处也」（无「之器」）「不可以得志于天下矣」「战胜以丧礼主之」。", "shortSimp": "吴注" }, { "id": "hanshan", "name": "憨山道德經解", "short": "憨山", "author": "釋德清", "work": "道德經解", "era": "明", "years": "1546–1623", "color": "#705a4a", "desc": "此章整章一注，以佳兵為用兵之最精巧者，兵益佳而禍益深；古今善用兵者多不得其死、多無後；右乃凶地，知兵為不祥之器；恬淡者心和平、不以功利為美；樂殺人者必不可使得志於天下；上將軍司殺之重，故居上勢者當以喪禮處之。其本作「言居上勢則以喪禮處之」，與王弼本異。", "count": 4, "nameSimp": "憨山道德经解", "workSimp": "道德经解", "authorSimp": "释德清", "eraSimp": "明", "yearsSimp": "1546–1623", "descSimp": "此章整章一注，以佳兵为用兵之最精巧者，兵益佳而祸益深；古今善用兵者多不得其死、多无后；右乃凶地，知兵为不祥之器；恬淡者心和平、不以功利为美；乐杀人者必不可使得志于天下；上将军司杀之重，故居上势者当以丧礼处之。其本作「言居上势则以丧礼处之」，与王弼本异。", "shortSimp": "憨山" }, { "id": "weiyuan", "name": "魏源老子本義", "short": "魏本義", "author": "魏源", "work": "老子本義", "era": "清", "years": "1794–1857", "color": "#3d5a6a", "desc": "清儒治《老》，重校勘與通義；此章與第三十章合為其第二十六章，考古佳字無訓美者，王石臞謂佳乃「夫惟」之誤，然漢人已有「佳兵不祥」之語；左陽右陰故吉凶異尚；恬者不歡愉、憺者不釀厚；又謂王弼此章句已闕，晁說之、王雱疑經注相間。其本「不祥」下無「之器」，有「是以偏將軍居左」，無「居上勢則」，「戰勝則以喪禮處之」。", "count": 4, "nameSimp": "魏源老子本义", "workSimp": "老子本义", "authorSimp": "魏源", "eraSimp": "清", "yearsSimp": "1794–1857", "descSimp": "清儒治《老》，重校勘与通义；此章与第三十章合为其第二十六章，考古佳字无训美者，王石臞谓佳乃「夫惟」之误，然汉人已有「佳兵不祥」之语；左阳右阴故吉凶异尚；恬者不欢愉、憺者不酿厚；又谓王弼此章句已阙，晁说之、王雱疑经注相间。其本「不祥」下无「之器」，有「是以偏将军居左」，无「居上势则」，「战胜则以丧礼处之」。", "shortSimp": "魏本义" }, { "id": "wangfuzhi", "name": "船山衍", "short": "船山", "author": "王夫之", "work": "老子衍", "era": "清", "years": "1619–1692", "color": "#3f5d52", "desc": "此章整章一衍，以與其悲之於後、何如忘之於先，與其以凶禮居功、何如以吉道處無功之地，譏不能先機擇吉者為「彼惡知禮意」。其經文作「夫兵者」，無「佳」字。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "船山衍", "workSimp": "老子衍", "authorSimp": "王夫之", "eraSimp": "清", "yearsSimp": "1619–1692", "descSimp": "此章整章一衍，以与其悲之于后、何如忘之于先，与其以凶礼居功、何如以吉道处无功之地，讥不能先机择吉者为「彼恶知礼意」。其经文作「夫兵者」，无「佳」字。", "shortSimp": "船山" }, { "id": "translator", "name": "本站今譯", "short": "今譯", "author": "LibreBook 編者", "work": "今譯", "era": "當代", "years": "", "color": "#8a8a8a", "desc": "編者據舊注與上下文所作語體今譯，供閱讀參照。", "count": 6, "nameSimp": "本站今译", "workSimp": "今译", "authorSimp": "LibreBook 编者", "eraSimp": "当代", "yearsSimp": "", "descSimp": "编者据旧注与上下文所作语体今译，供阅读参照。", "shortSimp": "今译" } ], "sentences": [ { "id": "s001", "paragraph": 1, "text": "夫佳兵者，不祥之器。物或惡之，故有道者不處。", "textSimp": "夫佳兵者，不祥之器。物或恶之，故有道者不处。", "translation": "精良的兵器是不祥的器物，人们都厌恶它，所以有道的人不以此自处。", "translationTrad": "精良的兵器是不祥的器物，人們都厭惡它，所以有道的人不以此自處。", "noteIds": [ "c001", "c002", "c011", "c012", "c020", "c021", "c022", "c040", "c047", "c053", "c059", "c060", "c066", "c070" ], "noteCount": 14, "charNoteIds": [ "n001", "n002", "n003" ], "key": "laozi-31:s001", "n": 1 }, { "id": "s002", "paragraph": 1, "text": "君子居則貴左，用兵則貴右。", "textSimp": "君子居则贵左，用兵则贵右。", "translation": "君子平居以左为贵，用兵则以右为贵。", "translationTrad": "君子平居以左為貴，用兵則以右為貴。", "noteIds": [ "c003", "c013", "c023", "c024", "c039", "c041", "c048", "c054", "c061", "c067", "c071" ], "noteCount": 11, "charNoteIds": [ "n004" ], "key": "laozi-31:s002", "n": 2 }, { "id": "s003", "paragraph": 1, "text": "兵者不祥之器，非君子之器，不得已而用之，恬澹為上。", "textSimp": "兵者不祥之器，非君子之器，不得已而用之，恬澹为上。", "translation": "兵器是不祥的器物，不是君子所用的器物；不得已而使用它，以恬淡不贪为上。", "translationTrad": "兵器是不祥的器物，不是君子所用的器物；不得已而使用它，以恬淡不貪為上。", "noteIds": [ "c004", "c005", "c006", "c014", "c015", "c025", "c026", "c027", "c028", "c029", "c042", "c043", "c049", "c054", "c055", "c062", "c067", "c072" ], "noteCount": 18, "charNoteIds": [ "n005" ], "key": "laozi-31:s003", "n": 3 }, { "id": "s004", "paragraph": 1, "text": "勝而不美，而美之者，是樂殺人。夫樂殺人者，則不可以得志於天下矣。", "textSimp": "胜而不美，而美之者，是乐杀人。夫乐杀人者，则不可以得志于天下矣。", "translation": "战胜而不自以为美；如果以战胜为美，就是喜欢杀人。喜欢杀人的人，就不能在天下实现自己的志愿。", "translationTrad": "戰勝而不自以為美；如果以戰勝為美，就是喜歡殺人。喜歡殺人的人，就不能在天下實現自己的志願。", "noteIds": [ "c007", "c016", "c030", "c031", "c044", "c050", "c055", "c056", "c063", "c068" ], "noteCount": 10, "charNoteIds": [ "n006", "n007", "n008" ], "key": "laozi-31:s004", "n": 4 }, { "id": "s005", "paragraph": 1, "text": "吉事尚左，凶事尚右。偏將軍居左，上將軍居右，言以喪禮處之。", "textSimp": "吉事尚左，凶事尚右。偏将军居左，上将军居右，言以丧礼处之。", "translation": "吉事以左为上，凶事以右为上；偏将军居左，上将军居右，这是说以丧礼来对待用兵之事。", "translationTrad": "吉事以左為上，凶事以右為上；偏將軍居左，上將軍居右，這是說以喪禮來對待用兵之事。", "noteIds": [ "c008", "c017", "c032", "c033", "c034", "c045", "c051", "c057", "c064", "c069", "c074" ], "noteCount": 11, "charNoteIds": [ "n009", "n010", "n011" ], "key": "laozi-31:s005", "n": 5 }, { "id": "s006", "paragraph": 1, "text": "殺人之眾，以悲哀泣之。戰勝，以喪禮處之。", "textSimp": "杀人之众，以悲哀泣之。战胜，以丧礼处之。", "translation": "杀人众多，要以悲哀哭泣；战胜了，也要以丧礼来处理。", "translationTrad": "殺人眾多，要以悲哀哭泣；戰勝了，也要以喪禮來處理。", "noteIds": [ "c009", "c010", "c018", "c019", "c035", "c036", "c037", "c038", "c046", "c052", "c058", "c065", "c069", "c073", "c074" ], "noteCount": 15, "charNoteIds": [ "n012" ], "key": "laozi-31:s006", "n": 6 } ], "commentaries": [ { "id": "c001", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "夫佳兵者，不祥之器", "kind": "note", "text": "夫佳兵者，不祥之器。祥，善也。兵者，驚精神，濁和氣，不善人之器也，不當修飾。", "authorNote": "此章河上公注據《玄德纂疏》卷八所引。", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "textSimp": "夫佳兵者，不祥之器。祥，善也。兵者，惊精神，浊和气，不善人之器也，不当修饰。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）（此章河上公注據《玄德纂疏》卷八所引。）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "此章河上公注据《玄德纂疏》卷八所引。", "lemmaSimp": "夫佳兵者，不祥之器" }, { "id": "c002", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "物或惡之，故有道者不處", "kind": "note", "text": "兵動則有所害，故萬物無有不惡之者也。有道之人不處其國。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "textSimp": "兵动则有所害，故万物无有不恶之者也。有道之人不处其国。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "lemmaSimp": "物或恶之，故有道者不处" }, { "id": "c003", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "君子居則貴左，用兵則貴右", "kind": "note", "text": "君子居則貴左，貴柔弱也；用兵則貴右，貴剛强也。此言兵道與君子道反，所貴者異。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "textSimp": "君子居则贵左，贵柔弱也；用兵则贵右，贵刚强也。此言兵道与君子道反，所贵者异。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "lemmaSimp": "君子居则贵左，用兵则贵右" }, { "id": "c004", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "兵者不祥之器", "kind": "note", "text": "兵革者，不善之器也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "textSimp": "兵革者，不善之器也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "lemmaSimp": "兵者不祥之器" }, { "id": "c005", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "非君子之器", "kind": "note", "text": "非君子所貴重器也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "textSimp": "非君子所贵重器也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "lemmaSimp": "非君子之器" }, { "id": "c006", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "恬澹為上", "kind": "note", "text": "澹為上，不貪土地、利人財寶也。", "authorNote": "河上公本此句作「澹為上」。", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "textSimp": "澹为上，不贪土地、利人财宝也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）（河上公本此句作「澹為上」。）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "河上公本此句作「澹为上」。", "lemmaSimp": "恬澹为上" }, { "id": "c007", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "勝而不美……不可以得志於天下矣", "kind": "note", "text": "勝而不美，雖得勝不以為利美。而美之者，是樂殺人，美得勝者是為喜樂殺人者也。夫樂殺人者，不可得志於天下，為人君而樂殺人者，此不可使得志於天下矣。為人主必專制人命，不妄行刑誅也。", "authorNote": "河上公本「殺人之眾」作「殺人眾多」，「則不可以得志」無「則」字。", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "textSimp": "胜而不美，虽得胜不以为利美。而美之者，是乐杀人，美得胜者是为喜乐杀人者也。夫乐杀人者，不可得志于天下，为人君而乐杀人者，此不可使得志于天下矣。为人主必专制人命，不妄行刑诛也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）（河上公本「殺人之眾」作「殺人眾多」，「則不可以得志」無「則」字。）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "河上公本「杀人之众」作「杀人众多」，「则不可以得志」无「则」字。", "lemmaSimp": "胜而不美……不可以得志于天下矣" }, { "id": "c008", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "吉事尚左……上將軍居右", "kind": "note", "text": "吉事尚左，吉生位也；凶事尚右，陰道殺人。偏將軍處左，偏將軍卑而居陽者，以其不專殺；上將軍處右，上將軍尊故居右，其主殺。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "textSimp": "吉事尚左，吉生位也；凶事尚右，阴道杀人。偏将军处左，偏将军卑而居阳者，以其不专杀；上将军处右，上将军尊故居右，其主杀。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "lemmaSimp": "吉事尚左……上将军居右" }, { "id": "c009", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s006", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "殺人之眾，以悲哀泣之", "kind": "note", "text": "傷己德薄，不能以道化人，而害無辜之民。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "textSimp": "伤己德薄，不能以道化人，而害无辜之民。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "lemmaSimp": "杀人之众，以悲哀泣之" }, { "id": "c010", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s006", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "戰勝，以喪禮處之", "kind": "note", "text": "古者戰勝，將軍居喪主禮之位，素服而哭之，明君子貴德而賤兵，不得已誅不祥也；不樂之心比於喪也，知後世用兵不已，故悲痛之也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "textSimp": "古者战胜，将军居丧主礼之位，素服而哭之，明君子贵德而贱兵，不得已诛不祥也；不乐之心比于丧也，知后世用兵不已，故悲痛之也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "lemmaSimp": "战胜，以丧礼处之" }, { "id": "c011", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "夫佳兵者，不祥之器", "kind": "note", "text": "佳，麗也；祥，善也。雖復霜戈耀日，寶劍輝天，此乃凶荒之具，非太平之器也。內解是三毒六根之兵，若磨鋭諸根而貪取愛境者，不善之行也。", "authorNote": "此章成玄英疏據《玄德纂疏》卷八所引。", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "textSimp": "佳，丽也；祥，善也。虽复霜戈耀日，宝剑辉天，此乃凶荒之具，非太平之器也。内解是三毒六根之兵，若磨锐诸根而贪取爱境者，不善之行也。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）（此章成玄英疏據《玄德纂疏》卷八所引。）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "此章成玄英疏据《玄德纂疏》卷八所引。", "lemmaSimp": "夫佳兵者，不祥之器" }, { "id": "c012", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "物或惡之，故有道者不處", "kind": "note", "text": "一切人物皆畏兵而惡貪，故有道行人不處心於兵戈及貪欲。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "textSimp": "一切人物皆畏兵而恶贪，故有道行人不处心于兵戈及贪欲。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "lemmaSimp": "物或恶之，故有道者不处" }, { "id": "c013", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "君子居則貴左，用兵則貴右", "kind": "note", "text": "有君人子物之德為君子。左，陽也，主吉主生；右，陰也，主凶主殺。言君子平居之世則貴左用文，荒亂之時則貴右用武。喻行人實智則貴長生，權智則有時而殺，故《度人經》云：千千截首，萬萬剪形也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "textSimp": "有君人子物之德为君子。左，阳也，主吉主生；右，阴也，主凶主杀。言君子平居之世则贵左用文，荒乱之时则贵右用武。喻行人实智则贵长生，权智则有时而杀，故《度人经》云：千千截首，万万剪形也。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "lemmaSimp": "君子居则贵左，用兵则贵右" }, { "id": "c014", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "兵者不祥之器，非君子之器，不得已而用之", "kind": "note", "text": "疊前來文，重顯兵是不祥之器，非君子善人之器，必須夷凶拯難，不得已而用之。權智亦爾。致兵革之主，陰强為殺身之斧，故曰不祥之器也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "textSimp": "叠前来文，重显兵是不祥之器，非君子善人之器，必须夷凶拯难，不得已而用之。权智亦尔。致兵革之主，阴强为杀身之斧，故曰不祥之器也。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "lemmaSimp": "兵者不祥之器，非君子之器，不得已而用之" }, { "id": "c015", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "恬澹為上", "kind": "note", "text": "恬澹，無為也。君子心亦無為，故雖用兵而不以為美也。喻修行人雖用權智，而以實道為上，應不離真也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "textSimp": "恬澹，无为也。君子心亦无为，故虽用兵而不以为美也。喻修行人虽用权智，而以实道为上，应不离真也。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "lemmaSimp": "恬澹为上" }, { "id": "c016", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "勝而不美……不可以得志於天下矣", "kind": "note", "text": "若美必樂之，是樂殺人。若以佳兵為美，即是愛樂干戈；樂殺之夫，天下共疾讎，既多不可得意。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "textSimp": "若美必乐之，是乐杀人。若以佳兵为美，即是爱乐干戈；乐杀之夫，天下共疾雠，既多不可得意。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "lemmaSimp": "胜而不美……不可以得志于天下矣" }, { "id": "c017", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "言以喪禮處之", "kind": "note", "text": "左是吉位，右是喪位。今偏小之將居於左邊，上大將軍處其右者，欲明雖復專命，即以死喪之禮而安處之。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "textSimp": "左是吉位，右是丧位。今偏小之将居于左边，上大将军处其右者，欲明虽复专命，即以死丧之礼而安处之。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "lemmaSimp": "言以丧礼处之" }, { "id": "c018", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s006", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "殺人之眾，以悲哀泣之", "kind": "note", "text": "兵戈行處，屠害必多，故上將悲哀，愍其傷害；既非用道，恐濫無辜。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "textSimp": "兵戈行处，屠害必多，故上将悲哀，愍其伤害；既非用道，恐滥无辜。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "lemmaSimp": "杀人之众，以悲哀泣之" }, { "id": "c019", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s006", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "戰勝，以喪禮處之", "kind": "note", "text": "君子善人，貴能用道，事不獲已，方動兵戈；雖戰勝前敵，不以為善，故素服而哭，仍以喪禮葬之。既其武不及文，足明權不及實。治國則不得已而用武，應化則不得已而行權，以此校量，故知權劣實勝。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "textSimp": "君子善人，贵能用道，事不获已，方动兵戈；虽战胜前敌，不以为善，故素服而哭，仍以丧礼葬之。既其武不及文，足明权不及实。治国则不得已而用武，应化则不得已而行权，以此校量，故知权劣实胜。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）", "lemmaSimp": "战胜，以丧礼处之" }, { "id": "c020", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "夫佳兵者，不祥之器，物或惡之，故有道者不處", "kind": "note", "text": "佳，好也；兵者，謀略也。凡人修辭立誠，不能以道德藏器，而以兵謀韜略之為好。謀略之用，只在於攻取殺伐，為不善之材器，凡物尚或惡之，是以有道之人不處身於此爾。", "authorNote": "此為御注。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "佳，好也；兵者，谋略也。凡人修辞立诚，不能以道德藏器，而以兵谋韬略之为好。谋略之用，只在于攻取杀伐，为不善之材器，凡物尚或恶之，是以有道之人不处身于此尔。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）（此為御注。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注。", "lemmaSimp": "夫佳兵者，不祥之器，物或恶之，故有道者不处" }, { "id": "c021", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "夫佳兵者，不祥之器", "kind": "note", "text": "夫佳兵者，不祥之器。佳，好也；兵者，韜略屬也；祥，善也；材，器也。君子進德修業，必慎厥初，藏器於身，俟時而動，當遊心道德之囿，閱思墳誥之林，使光昭令名，開濟成務；而乃有以兵謀韜略為佳好者。夫謀略之設，以正為奇，兵鈐之書，先聲後實，皆在乎攻取殺伐，故為不善之材器爾。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "夫佳兵者，不祥之器。佳，好也；兵者，韬略属也；祥，善也；材，器也。君子进德修业，必慎厥初，藏器于身，俟时而动，当游心道德之囿，阅思坟诰之林，使光昭令名，开济成务；而乃有以兵谋韬略为佳好者。夫谋略之设，以正为奇，兵钤之书，先声后实，皆在乎攻取杀伐，故为不善之材器尔。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "夫佳兵者，不祥之器" }, { "id": "c022", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "物或惡之，故有道者不處", "kind": "note", "text": "物或惡之，故有道者不處。畜德於身，是為能事；既云不祥之器，所以凡物尚或惡之，況有道君子，焉肯處身於此？故云有道者不處。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "物或恶之，故有道者不处。畜德于身，是为能事；既云不祥之器，所以凡物尚或恶之，况有道君子，焉肯处身于此？故云有道者不处。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "物或恶之，故有道者不处" }, { "id": "c023", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "君子居則貴左，用兵則貴右", "kind": "note", "text": "左，陽也，陽和則發生，故平居所貴；右，陰也，陰凝則肅殺，故用兵所貴。", "authorNote": "此為御注。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "左，阳也，阳和则发生，故平居所贵；右，阴也，阴凝则肃杀，故用兵所贵。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）（此為御注。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注。", "lemmaSimp": "君子居则贵左，用兵则贵右" }, { "id": "c024", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "君子居則貴左，用兵則貴右", "kind": "note", "text": "左陽也，右陰也。陽好生，陰好殺；好生故平居所貴，好殺故用兵所貴。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "左阳也，右阴也。阳好生，阴好杀；好生故平居所贵，好杀故用兵所贵。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "君子居则贵左，用兵则贵右" }, { "id": "c025", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "兵者不祥之器", "kind": "note", "text": "祥，善也。好兵者尚殺，故不為善之材器。", "authorNote": "此為御注。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "祥，善也。好兵者尚杀，故不为善之材器。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）（此為御注。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注。", "lemmaSimp": "兵者不祥之器" }, { "id": "c026", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "兵者不祥之器", "kind": "note", "text": "上文云「佳兵者，不祥之器」，所以者明用兵則尚右而好殺，有道者故不處之。此云「兵者不祥之器」，對結上文，明非君子之器。君子以道德為材器，故無不利爾。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "上文云「佳兵者，不祥之器」，所以者明用兵则尚右而好杀，有道者故不处之。此云「兵者不祥之器」，对结上文，明非君子之器。君子以道德为材器，故无不利尔。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "兵者不祥之器" }, { "id": "c027", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "非君子之器", "kind": "note", "text": "君子以道德為材器，不貴兵之謀也。", "authorNote": "此為御注。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "君子以道德为材器，不贵兵之谋也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）（此為御注。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注。", "lemmaSimp": "非君子之器" }, { "id": "c028", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "不得已而用之，恬澹為上", "kind": "note", "text": "戎狄內侵，故不得已；善勝不爭，是恬澹為上。", "authorNote": "此為御注。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "戎狄内侵，故不得已；善胜不争，是恬澹为上。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）（此為御注。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注。", "lemmaSimp": "不得已而用之，恬澹为上" }, { "id": "c029", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "不得已而用之，恬澹為上", "kind": "note", "text": "夫文德者，理代之器；兵謀也者，蓋其輔助也。故云文則經緯天地，武則克定禍亂。雖天生五材，廢一不可，而武功克定，節制宜存。是知用之有本末，行之有逆順，皆在乎事不得已，然後應之。謂四夷來侵，王師薄伐，猶當示之以恩惠，緩之以道德，既同蚊蚋之螫，故無憑怒之心。推此而言，是以恬澹為上也。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "夫文德者，理代之器；兵谋也者，盖其辅助也。故云文则经纬天地，武则克定祸乱。虽天生五材，废一不可，而武功克定，节制宜存。是知用之有本末，行之有逆顺，皆在乎事不得已，然后应之。谓四夷来侵，王师薄伐，犹当示之以恩惠，缓之以道德，既同蚊蚋之螫，故无凭怒之心。推此而言，是以恬澹为上也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "不得已而用之，恬澹为上" }, { "id": "c030", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "勝而不美……不可以得志於天下矣", "kind": "note", "text": "制勝於敵，必哀其人，故不以為美也。夫勝必多殺，若以勝為美者，是樂多殺人也。樂多殺人，人必不附；欲求得志，不亦難乎？", "authorNote": "此為御注。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "制胜于敌，必哀其人，故不以为美也。夫胜必多杀，若以胜为美者，是乐多杀人也。乐多杀人，人必不附；欲求得志，不亦难乎？", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）（此為御注。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注。", "lemmaSimp": "胜而不美……不可以得志于天下矣" }, { "id": "c031", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "勝而不美……不可以得志於天下矣", "kind": "note", "text": "夫不能以德懷來，而用兵求戰勝，故雖克勝，猶慚德薄，不以為美。夫勝必多殺，故以勝為美者，是好樂殺人。夫樂殺人者，不可得志於天下。夫天地好生，物皆含養，人者當順天地之德，以全濟為務焉，不可苟騁詐力，以快貪殘。貪殘之人，人必不附，欲求得志，不亦難乎？故好樂殺人，即不可得志於天下矣。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "夫不能以德怀来，而用兵求战胜，故虽克胜，犹惭德薄，不以为美。夫胜必多杀，故以胜为美者，是好乐杀人。夫乐杀人者，不可得志于天下。夫天地好生，物皆含养，人者当顺天地之德，以全济为务焉，不可苟骋诈力，以快贪残。贪残之人，人必不附，欲求得志，不亦难乎？故好乐杀人，即不可得志于天下矣。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "胜而不美……不可以得志于天下矣" }, { "id": "c032", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "吉事尚左……上將軍居右", "kind": "note", "text": "偏將軍卑處左者，不專殺也；上將軍之尊處右者，主兵謀也。", "authorNote": "此為御注。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "偏将军卑处左者，不专杀也；上将军之尊处右者，主兵谋也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）（此為御注。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注。", "lemmaSimp": "吉事尚左……上将军居右" }, { "id": "c033", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "吉事尚左……上將軍居右", "kind": "note", "text": "吉事尚左，凶事尚右。左陽而生則吉，故吉事尚左；右陰而殺則凶，故凶事尚右。《禮記·檀弓》曰：夫子與門人立，拱而尚右，二三子亦尚右。夫子曰：二三子之嗜學也，我則有姊之喪故也。二三子復尚左。偏將軍處左，上將軍處右。上將軍則專殺，故處右；偏將軍為副，不專命，故處左。今左尊而右卑，上將卻居右者，言用兵之道同於喪禮，尚右；今上將居右，是以喪禮處置之爾。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "吉事尚左，凶事尚右。左阳而生则吉，故吉事尚左；右阴而杀则凶，故凶事尚右。《礼记·檀弓》曰：夫子与门人立，拱而尚右，二三子亦尚右。夫子曰：二三子之嗜学也，我则有姊之丧故也。二三子复尚左。偏将军处左，上将军处右。上将军则专杀，故处右；偏将军为副，不专命，故处左。今左尊而右卑，上将却居右者，言用兵之道同于丧礼，尚右；今上将居右，是以丧礼处置之尔。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "吉事尚左……上将军居右" }, { "id": "c034", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "言以喪禮處之", "kind": "note", "text": "喪禮尚右，今上將軍居右者，是以喪禮處置之矣。", "authorNote": "此為御注。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "丧礼尚右，今上将军居右者，是以丧礼处置之矣。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）（此為御注。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注。", "lemmaSimp": "言以丧礼处之" }, { "id": "c035", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s006", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "殺人之眾，以悲哀泣之", "kind": "note", "text": "以生靈之貴，而交戰殺之，有惻仁心，故以悲哀傷泣之爾。", "authorNote": "此為御注。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "以生灵之贵，而交战杀之，有恻仁心，故以悲哀伤泣之尔。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）（此為御注。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注。", "lemmaSimp": "杀人之众，以悲哀泣之" }, { "id": "c036", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s006", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "殺人之眾，以悲哀泣之", "kind": "note", "text": "夫戰而求勝，必殺人眾多；勝而不美，故悲哀傷泣。夫人惟邦本，本固則邦寧；今交戰殺之，故仁心惻隱，為哀泣不亦宜乎？", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "夫战而求胜，必杀人众多；胜而不美，故悲哀伤泣。夫人惟邦本，本固则邦宁；今交战杀之，故仁心恻隐，为哀泣不亦宜乎？", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "杀人之众，以悲哀泣之" }, { "id": "c037", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s006", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "戰勝，以喪禮處之", "kind": "note", "text": "勇士雄入，戰而獲勝，則受爵居於右位；尚右非吉，是以喪禮處之。但以為不祥之器，亦何必縞素為資也。", "authorNote": "此為御注。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "勇士雄入，战而获胜，则受爵居于右位；尚右非吉，是以丧礼处之。但以为不祥之器，亦何必缟素为资也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）（此為御注。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注。", "lemmaSimp": "战胜，以丧礼处之" }, { "id": "c038", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s006", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "戰勝，以喪禮處之", "kind": "note", "text": "夫戰而獲勝，勝則受爵，武功居右，是非吉位，故云喪禮處之。但以戰為不祥之器爾，亦何必服縗扶杖，然後稱之為喪禮乎？諸注此義皆云古有斯禮，尋閱墳典，既無所據，今所未安，故不錄也。又引秦伯向師而哭者，此乃哀敗，非戰勝也。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "夫战而获胜，胜则受爵，武功居右，是非吉位，故云丧礼处之。但以战为不祥之器尔，亦何必服缞扶杖，然后称之为丧礼乎？诸注此义皆云古有斯礼，寻阅坟典，既无所据，今所未安，故不录也。又引秦伯向师而哭者，此乃哀败，非战胜也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "战胜，以丧礼处之" }, { "id": "c039", "block": 0, "source": "yanzun", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "君子居則貴左", "kind": "note", "text": "君子者，有土之君也。貴左者，尚生長也。", "authorNote": "此章嚴遵《指歸》道經原卷缺佚，僅《玄德纂疏》卷八存此一句。", "citation": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引輯文）", "textSimp": "君子者，有土之君也。贵左者，尚生长也。", "citationFull": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引輯文）（此章嚴遵《指歸》道經原卷缺佚，僅《玄德纂疏》卷八存此一句。）", "citationSimp": "严遵《道德真经指归》（《玄德纂疏》卷八所引辑文）", "authorNoteSimp": "此章严遵《指归》道经原卷缺佚，仅《玄德纂疏》卷八存此一句。", "lemmaSimp": "君子居则贵左" }, { "id": "c040", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "夫佳兵者，不祥之器，物或惡之，故有道者不處", "kind": "note", "text": "精飾為佳；祥，善也。兵者動有亡國失人之患，故言不善。存者人之所愛，亡者物之所惡；亡為物之所惡，故有道之主不處好兵也。", "authorNote": "此章李榮注據《道藏》本，參《玄德纂疏》卷八所引。", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《道藏》本，參《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "精饰为佳；祥，善也。兵者动有亡国失人之患，故言不善。存者人之所爱，亡者物之所恶；亡为物之所恶，故有道之主不处好兵也。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《道藏》本，參《玄德纂疏》所引）（此章李榮注據《道藏》本，參《玄德纂疏》卷八所引。）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《道藏》本，参《玄德纂疏》所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "此章李荣注据《道藏》本，参《玄德纂疏》卷八所引。", "lemmaSimp": "夫佳兵者，不祥之器，物或恶之，故有道者不处" }, { "id": "c041", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "君子居則貴左，用兵則貴右", "kind": "note", "text": "經天曰文，止戈為武。其為用也，彼此實齊，禮樂所以並行，水火故宜難廢，用須得理，動必以時。是以平居好生，以左為重；行兵主殺，以右為貴也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《道藏》本，參《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "经天曰文，止戈为武。其为用也，彼此实齐，礼乐所以并行，水火故宜难废，用须得理，动必以时。是以平居好生，以左为重；行兵主杀，以右为贵也。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《道藏》本，參《玄德纂疏》所引）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《道藏》本，参《玄德纂疏》所引）", "lemmaSimp": "君子居则贵左，用兵则贵右" }, { "id": "c042", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "兵者不祥之器，非君子之器", "kind": "note", "text": "兵雖可用，多有損傷，是爪牙之所司，非元首之器用。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《道藏》本，參《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "兵虽可用，多有损伤，是爪牙之所司，非元首之器用。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《道藏》本，參《玄德纂疏》所引）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《道藏》本，参《玄德纂疏》所引）", "lemmaSimp": "兵者不祥之器，非君子之器" }, { "id": "c043", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "不得已而用之，恬澹為上", "kind": "note", "text": "恬澹，靜也。王者用師，有征無戰，動不失靜，故言恬澹。不好用兵，不以為美也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《道藏》本，參《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "恬澹，静也。王者用师，有征无战，动不失静，故言恬澹。不好用兵，不以为美也。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《道藏》本，參《玄德纂疏》所引）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《道藏》本，参《玄德纂疏》所引）", "lemmaSimp": "不得已而用之，恬澹为上" }, { "id": "c044", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "勝而不美，而美之者，是樂殺人", "kind": "note", "text": "君者，人之父母；美兵好殺，非謂養人。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《道藏》本，參《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "君者，人之父母；美兵好杀，非谓养人。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《道藏》本，參《玄德纂疏》所引）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《道藏》本，参《玄德纂疏》所引）", "lemmaSimp": "胜而不美，而美之者，是乐杀人" }, { "id": "c045", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "吉事尚左……上將軍居右", "kind": "note", "text": "吉事尚左，凶事尚右。陽道貴生，所以吉；陰道貴殺，故云凶也。是以偏將軍居左，上將軍居右：偏將副軍，不當殺，故居左；上將閫外以行誅，故居右。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《道藏》本，參《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "吉事尚左，凶事尚右。阳道贵生，所以吉；阴道贵杀，故云凶也。是以偏将军居左，上将军居右：偏将副军，不当杀，故居左；上将阃外以行诛，故居右。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《道藏》本，參《玄德纂疏》所引）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《道藏》本，参《玄德纂疏》所引）", "lemmaSimp": "吉事尚左……上将军居右" }, { "id": "c046", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s006", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "殺人之眾，以悲哀泣之", "kind": "note", "text": "兵之所用，義在救人；哀其失道，悲其過害。古者以慈用兵，貴之以德，賤之以器；克敵之後，將軍素服，主喪行禮，受弔。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《道藏》本，參《玄德纂疏》所引）", "textSimp": "兵之所用，义在救人；哀其失道，悲其过害。古者以慈用兵，贵之以德，贱之以器；克敌之后，将军素服，主丧行礼，受吊。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《道藏》本，參《玄德纂疏》所引）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《道藏》本，参《玄德纂疏》所引）", "lemmaSimp": "杀人之众，以悲哀泣之" }, { "id": "c047", "block": 0, "source": "luxisheng", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "夫佳兵者，不祥之器，物或惡之，故有道者不處", "kind": "note", "text": "夫佳尚兵謀之人，非祥善之材器；凡物猶或惡其意，有道者豈可安其事哉？", "authorNote": "陸希聲此章整章一傳，本站按文義分條。", "citation": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "夫佳尚兵谋之人，非祥善之材器；凡物犹或恶其意，有道者岂可安其事哉？", "citationFull": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本）（陸希聲此章整章一傳，本站按文義分條。）", "citationSimp": "陆希声《道德经传》（《道藏》本）", "authorNoteSimp": "陆希声此章整章一传，本站按文义分条。", "lemmaSimp": "夫佳兵者，不祥之器，物或恶之，故有道者不处" }, { "id": "c048", "block": 0, "source": "luxisheng", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "君子居則貴左，用兵則貴右", "kind": "note", "text": "何者？天地之道，左陽而右陰，陽主德主生，陰主刑主殺。故君子平居則以有德者居左，斯貴左也；即戎則以有勇者為右，斯貴右也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "何者？天地之道，左阳而右阴，阳主德主生，阴主刑主杀。故君子平居则以有德者居左，斯贵左也；即戎则以有勇者为右，斯贵右也。", "citationFull": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "陆希声《道德经传》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "君子居则贵左，用兵则贵右" }, { "id": "c049", "block": 0, "source": "luxisheng", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "兵者不祥之器……恬澹為上", "kind": "note", "text": "君子以好生為德，武人以多殺為功，故知兵者是不祥之器用，非君子之器用也。若夫蠻夷猾夏、寇賊姦宄，則不得已而用之，然未嘗為起戎之首，故曰不敢為主而為客，不敢進寸而退尺，以恬於見利、淡於欲勝為上，不以敢於勇進、嗜於多殺為貴。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "君子以好生为德，武人以多杀为功，故知兵者是不祥之器用，非君子之器用也。若夫蛮夷猾夏、寇贼奸宄，则不得已而用之，然未尝为起戎之首，故曰不敢为主而为客，不敢进寸而退尺，以恬于见利、淡于欲胜为上，不以敢于勇进、嗜于多杀为贵。", "citationFull": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "陆希声《道德经传》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "兵者不祥之器……恬澹为上" }, { "id": "c050", "block": 0, "source": "luxisheng", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "勝而不美……不可以得志於天下矣", "kind": "note", "text": "善在不戰而屈人，不以戰勝而為美。何也？凡戰以多殺人為勝，美之者是樂殺人；樂殺人者，人亦將樂殺之，豈唯人將殺之，天亦將殺之。何哉？生者天地之大德也，樂殺人者逆天德。若使樂殺人者得志於天下，則天下之人幾盡矣，天必不助，而況於人乎？", "authorNote": "", "citation": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "善在不战而屈人，不以战胜而为美。何也？凡战以多杀人为胜，美之者是乐杀人；乐杀人者，人亦将乐杀之，岂唯人将杀之，天亦将杀之。何哉？生者天地之大德也，乐杀人者逆天德。若使乐杀人者得志于天下，则天下之人几尽矣，天必不助，而况于人乎？", "citationFull": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "陆希声《道德经传》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "胜而不美……不可以得志于天下矣" }, { "id": "c051", "block": 0, "source": "luxisheng", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "吉事尚左……言以喪禮處之", "kind": "note", "text": "且吉事則拱而尚左，凶事則拱而尚右。偏將軍者，兵之佐也，故居於左；上將軍者，兵之主也，故居於右。所以居於右者，居其上勢也；居上勢者尚於右，是以喪禮處之也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "且吉事则拱而尚左，凶事则拱而尚右。偏将军者，兵之佐也，故居于左；上将军者，兵之主也，故居于右。所以居于右者，居其上势也；居上势者尚于右，是以丧礼处之也。", "citationFull": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "陆希声《道德经传》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "吉事尚左……言以丧礼处之" }, { "id": "c052", "block": 0, "source": "luxisheng", "target": { "start": "s006", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "殺人之眾，以悲哀泣之。戰勝，以喪禮處之", "kind": "note", "text": "夫戰而勝者，殺人多也；殺人多者，必以悲哀泣之，是戰而勝者則以喪禮處之也。前言不祥之器，後言喪禮處之，皆再歎其辭，惡殺人之甚也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "夫战而胜者，杀人多也；杀人多者，必以悲哀泣之，是战而胜者则以丧礼处之也。前言不祥之器，后言丧礼处之，皆再叹其辞，恶杀人之甚也。", "citationFull": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "陆希声《道德经传》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "杀人之众，以悲哀泣之。战胜，以丧礼处之" }, { "id": "c053", "block": 0, "source": "lvhuiqing", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "夫佳兵者，不祥之器，物或惡之，故有道者不處", "kind": "note", "text": "文覿而武匿者，天地之道、陰陽之理也。兵而佳之，是乃器之不祥，而物之或惡也，是以有道者不處。", "authorNote": "呂惠卿此章整章一傳，本站按文義分條。", "citation": "呂惠卿《道德真經傳》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "文觌而武匿者，天地之道、阴阳之理也。兵而佳之，是乃器之不祥，而物之或恶也，是以有道者不处。", "citationFull": "呂惠卿《道德真經傳》（《道藏》本）（呂惠卿此章整章一傳，本站按文義分條。）", "citationSimp": "吕惠卿《道德真经传》（《道藏》本）", "authorNoteSimp": "吕惠卿此章整章一传，本站按文义分条。", "lemmaSimp": "夫佳兵者，不祥之器，物或恶之，故有道者不处" }, { "id": "c054", "block": 0, "source": "lvhuiqing", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "君子居則貴左……非君子之器", "kind": "note", "text": "故君子居則貴左，用兵則貴右。其所貴異乎平居之時，則是固以不祥之器處之，而非君子之器也，非所以佳之也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "呂惠卿《道德真經傳》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "故君子居则贵左，用兵则贵右。其所贵异乎平居之时，则是固以不祥之器处之，而非君子之器也，非所以佳之也。", "citationFull": "呂惠卿《道德真經傳》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "吕惠卿《道德真经传》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "君子居则贵左……非君子之器" }, { "id": "c055", "block": 0, "source": "lvhuiqing", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "不得已而用之……勝而不美", "kind": "note", "text": "必不得已而用之，恬淡為上，故勝而不美也，非所以佳之也。", "authorNote": "呂惠卿本作「恬淡」。", "citation": "呂惠卿《道德真經傳》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "必不得已而用之，恬淡为上，故胜而不美也，非所以佳之也。", "citationFull": "呂惠卿《道德真經傳》（《道藏》本）（呂惠卿本作「恬淡」。）", "citationSimp": "吕惠卿《道德真经传》（《道藏》本）", "authorNoteSimp": "吕惠卿本作「恬淡」。", "lemmaSimp": "不得已而用之……胜而不美" }, { "id": "c056", "block": 0, "source": "lvhuiqing", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "而美之者，是樂殺人……不可以得志於天下矣", "kind": "note", "text": "天將救之，以慈衛之。慈者，天之所以樂推而不厭也，則殺人者豈非樂哉？而美之則是樂殺人也。樂殺人者，不可得志於天下也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "呂惠卿《道德真經傳》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "天将救之，以慈卫之。慈者，天之所以乐推而不厌也，则杀人者岂非乐哉？而美之则是乐杀人也。乐杀人者，不可得志于天下也。", "citationFull": "呂惠卿《道德真經傳》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "吕惠卿《道德真经传》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "而美之者，是乐杀人……不可以得志于天下矣" }, { "id": "c057", "block": 0, "source": "lvhuiqing", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "吉事尚左……言以喪禮處之", "kind": "note", "text": "故吉事尚左，凶事尚右，偏將軍處左，上將軍處右，言以喪禮處之。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "呂惠卿《道德真經傳》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "故吉事尚左，凶事尚右，偏将军处左，上将军处右，言以丧礼处之。", "citationFull": "呂惠卿《道德真經傳》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "吕惠卿《道德真经传》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "吉事尚左……言以丧礼处之" }, { "id": "c058", "block": 0, "source": "lvhuiqing", "target": { "start": "s006", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "殺人之眾，以悲哀泣之。戰勝，以喪禮處之", "kind": "note", "text": "殺人眾多，以悲哀泣之；戰勝，以喪禮處之。夫以喪禮處之，則是不祥之器而不美之可知已；以悲哀泣之，則是不樂殺人也可知已。老君之察於禮學如此，而謂老君絕滅禮學者，豈知其所以絕滅之意乎？", "authorNote": "", "citation": "呂惠卿《道德真經傳》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "杀人众多，以悲哀泣之；战胜，以丧礼处之。夫以丧礼处之，则是不祥之器而不美之可知已；以悲哀泣之，则是不乐杀人也可知已。老君之察于礼学如此，而谓老君绝灭礼学者，岂知其所以绝灭之意乎？", "citationFull": "呂惠卿《道德真經傳》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "吕惠卿《道德真经传》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "杀人之众，以悲哀泣之。战胜，以丧礼处之" }, { "id": "c059", "block": 0, "source": "suzhe", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "故有道者不處", "kind": "note", "text": "以之濟難而不以為常，是謂不處。", "authorNote": "蘇轍此章僅注首句，以下無注。", "citation": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "以之济难而不以为常，是谓不处。", "citationFull": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本）（蘇轍此章僅注首句，以下無注。）", "citationSimp": "苏辙《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "authorNoteSimp": "苏辙此章仅注首句，以下无注。", "lemmaSimp": "故有道者不处" }, { "id": "c060", "block": 0, "source": "wucheng", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "夫佳兵者，不祥，物或惡之，故有道者不處也", "kind": "note", "text": "佳，猶云嘉之也。不祥，謂無吉慶而有凶災也。不處，謂不肯以此處身也。", "authorNote": "吳澄本作「夫佳兵者不祥，物或惡之，故有道者不處也」，「不祥」下無「之器」二字。", "citation": "吳澄《道德真經注》", "textSimp": "佳，犹云嘉之也。不祥，谓无吉庆而有凶灾也。不处，谓不肯以此处身也。", "citationFull": "吳澄《道德真經注》（吳澄本作「夫佳兵者不祥，物或惡之，故有道者不處也」，「不祥」下無「之器」二字。）", "citationSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》", "authorNoteSimp": "吴澄本作「夫佳兵者不祥，物或恶之，故有道者不处也」，「不祥」下无「之器」二字。", "lemmaSimp": "夫佳兵者，不祥，物或恶之，故有道者不处也" }, { "id": "c061", "block": 0, "source": "wucheng", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "君子居則貴左，用兵則貴右", "kind": "note", "text": "此指言不處之實：不處平日所貴之位，而處所不貴之位，不肯於用兵之位處身也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "吳澄《道德真經注》", "textSimp": "此指言不处之实：不处平日所贵之位，而处所不贵之位，不肯于用兵之位处身也。", "citationFull": "吳澄《道德真經注》", "citationSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》", "lemmaSimp": "君子居则贵左，用兵则贵右" }, { "id": "c062", "block": 0, "source": "wucheng", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "兵者不祥之器……勝而不美", "kind": "note", "text": "謂其殺人廼凶災之器，非吉慶人所用之器也。恬者不歡愉，淡者不濃厚，謂非其心之所喜好也。為上，謂不好用兵廼為可尚也。勝而不美，謂兵雖得勝，亦不肯以為美事。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "吳澄《道德真經注》", "textSimp": "谓其杀人廼凶灾之器，非吉庆人所用之器也。恬者不欢愉，淡者不浓厚，谓非其心之所喜好也。为上，谓不好用兵廼为可尚也。胜而不美，谓兵虽得胜，亦不肯以为美事。", "citationFull": "吳澄《道德真經注》", "citationSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》", "lemmaSimp": "兵者不祥之器……胜而不美" }, { "id": "c063", "block": 0, "source": "wucheng", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "而美之者，是樂殺人……不可以得志於天下矣", "kind": "note", "text": "此推言不美。若以戰勝為美事，是以殺人為樂也。不可以得志於天下，要終而言之，以示戒。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "吳澄《道德真經注》", "textSimp": "此推言不美。若以战胜为美事，是以杀人为乐也。不可以得志于天下，要终而言之，以示戒。", "citationFull": "吳澄《道德真經注》", "citationSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》", "lemmaSimp": "而美之者，是乐杀人……不可以得志于天下矣" }, { "id": "c064", "block": 0, "source": "wucheng", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "吉事尚左……上將軍處右", "kind": "note", "text": "此又申言上文不處之意。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "吳澄《道德真經注》", "textSimp": "此又申言上文不处之意。", "citationFull": "吳澄《道德真經注》", "citationSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》", "lemmaSimp": "吉事尚左……上将军处右" }, { "id": "c065", "block": 0, "source": "wucheng", "target": { "start": "s006", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "殺人眾多，以悲哀泣之。戰勝以喪禮主之", "kind": "note", "text": "此又申言上文不美之意。", "authorNote": "吳澄本作「殺人眾多」「戰勝以喪禮主之」。", "citation": "吳澄《道德真經注》", "textSimp": "此又申言上文不美之意。", "citationFull": "吳澄《道德真經注》（吳澄本作「殺人眾多」「戰勝以喪禮主之」。）", "citationSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》", "authorNoteSimp": "吴澄本作「杀人众多」「战胜以丧礼主之」。", "lemmaSimp": "杀人众多，以悲哀泣之。战胜以丧礼主之" }, { "id": "c066", "block": 0, "source": "hanshan", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "夫佳兵者，不祥之器，物或惡之，故有道者不處", "kind": "note", "text": "此承上言不以兵强天下，故此甚言兵之不可尚也。佳兵，乃用兵之最精巧者，謂之佳兵。凡善用兵者，必甘心於殺人；兵益佳而禍益深，故為不祥之器。歷觀古今善用兵者，不但不得其死，而多無後，此蓋殺機自絕，而造物或惡之者。以其詐變不正、好殺不仁，故有道者不處。不但有道者不處，而苟有仁心者亦不處也。", "authorNote": "憨山此章整章一注，本站按文義分條。", "citation": "釋德清《道德經解》", "textSimp": "此承上言不以兵强天下，故此甚言兵之不可尚也。佳兵，乃用兵之最精巧者，谓之佳兵。凡善用兵者，必甘心于杀人；兵益佳而祸益深，故为不祥之器。历观古今善用兵者，不但不得其死，而多无后，此盖杀机自绝，而造物或恶之者。以其诈变不正、好杀不仁，故有道者不处。不但有道者不处，而苟有仁心者亦不处也。", "citationFull": "釋德清《道德經解》（憨山此章整章一注，本站按文義分條。）", "citationSimp": "释德清《道德经解》", "authorNoteSimp": "憨山此章整章一注，本站按文义分条。", "lemmaSimp": "夫佳兵者，不祥之器，物或恶之，故有道者不处" }, { "id": "c067", "block": 0, "source": "hanshan", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "君子居則貴左……勝而不美", "kind": "note", "text": "何以知其然耶？觀夫君子所居則以左為貴，用兵則以右為貴，然右乃凶地，由是而知兵者乃不祥之器，非君子之器也。萬一不得已而用之者，老子誡曰：當以恬淡為上。恬淡者，言其心和平，不以功利為美，而厭飽之意。既無貪功欲利之心，則雖勝而不以為美。", "authorNote": "憨山本作「恬淡」。", "citation": "釋德清《道德經解》", "textSimp": "何以知其然耶？观夫君子所居则以左为贵，用兵则以右为贵，然右乃凶地，由是而知兵者乃不祥之器，非君子之器也。万一不得已而用之者，老子诫曰：当以恬淡为上。恬淡者，言其心和平，不以功利为美，而厌饱之意。既无贪功欲利之心，则虽胜而不以为美。", "citationFull": "釋德清《道德經解》（憨山本作「恬淡」。）", "citationSimp": "释德清《道德经解》", "authorNoteSimp": "憨山本作「恬淡」。", "lemmaSimp": "君子居则贵左……胜而不美" }, { "id": "c068", "block": 0, "source": "hanshan", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "而美之者，是樂殺人……不可以得志於天下矣", "kind": "note", "text": "縱不貪功利，而若以勝為美者，亦是甘心樂於殺人。夫樂於殺人者，必不可使得志於天下，所謂造物或惡之也。若使此輩得志於天下，將為殘害而無涯量矣。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "釋德清《道德經解》", "textSimp": "纵不贪功利，而若以胜为美者，亦是甘心乐于杀人。夫乐于杀人者，必不可使得志于天下，所谓造物或恶之也。若使此辈得志于天下，将为残害而无涯量矣。", "citationFull": "釋德清《道德經解》", "citationSimp": "释德清《道德经解》", "lemmaSimp": "而美之者，是乐杀人……不可以得志于天下矣" }, { "id": "c069", "block": 0, "source": "hanshan", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "吉事尚左……戰勝，以喪禮處之", "kind": "note", "text": "且世之吉事必尚左，凶事則尚右。凶事，謂喪事也。所以用兵則貴右，言其可哀也。故兵家以偏將軍居左、以上將軍居右者，蓋上將軍司殺之重者，言居上勢者則當以喪禮處之也。故殺人眾多，則當以悲哀泣之；即戰勝，亦當以喪禮處之。甚言其不得已而用之，即不得已而處之也。上二章通言人臣不能以道佐人主，而返以兵為强者，故切誡之。", "authorNote": "憨山本作「言居上勢則以喪禮處之」，與王弼本異。", "citation": "釋德清《道德經解》", "textSimp": "且世之吉事必尚左，凶事则尚右。凶事，谓丧事也。所以用兵则贵右，言其可哀也。故兵家以偏将军居左、以上将军居右者，盖上将军司杀之重者，言居上势者则当以丧礼处之也。故杀人众多，则当以悲哀泣之；即战胜，亦当以丧礼处之。甚言其不得已而用之，即不得已而处之也。上二章通言人臣不能以道佐人主，而返以兵为强者，故切诫之。", "citationFull": "釋德清《道德經解》（憨山本作「言居上勢則以喪禮處之」，與王弼本異。）", "citationSimp": "释德清《道德经解》", "authorNoteSimp": "憨山本作「言居上势则以丧礼处之」，与王弼本异。", "lemmaSimp": "吉事尚左……战胜，以丧礼处之" }, { "id": "c070", "block": 0, "source": "weiyuan", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "夫佳兵者，不祥之器", "kind": "note", "text": "古佳字無訓美者，或謂當是惟字之省。王石臞言：佳乃夫惟之誤，惟字爛脫左忄，移寫誤而為佳，其說良是；然漢人已有「佳兵不祥」之語，則作佳兵亦古本也。或謂當用《廣雅》「佳，勞也」之訓，義皆可通；傅奕本直作「美兵」，則是以佳為嘉之借文，與下文一意也。", "authorNote": "魏源此章與第三十章合為其第二十六章。", "citation": "魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "古佳字无训美者，或谓当是惟字之省。王石臞言：佳乃夫惟之误，惟字烂脱左忄，移写误而为佳，其说良是；然汉人已有「佳兵不祥」之语，则作佳兵亦古本也。或谓当用《广雅》「佳，劳也」之训，义皆可通；傅奕本直作「美兵」，则是以佳为嘉之借文，与下文一意也。", "citationFull": "魏源《老子本義》（魏源此章與第三十章合為其第二十六章。）", "citationSimp": "魏源《老子本义》", "authorNoteSimp": "魏源此章与第三十章合为其第二十六章。", "lemmaSimp": "夫佳兵者，不祥之器" }, { "id": "c071", "block": 0, "source": "weiyuan", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "君子居則貴左，用兵則貴右", "kind": "note", "text": "左為陽為生，右為陰為死，故吉凶異尚。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "左为阳为生，右为阴为死，故吉凶异尚。", "citationFull": "魏源《老子本義》", "citationSimp": "魏源《老子本义》", "lemmaSimp": "君子居则贵左，用兵则贵右" }, { "id": "c072", "block": 0, "source": "weiyuan", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "恬澹為上", "kind": "note", "text": "恬者不歡愉，憺者不釀厚，謂非其心之所喜好也。", "authorNote": "魏源本作「恬憺」。", "citation": "魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "恬者不欢愉，憺者不酿厚，谓非其心之所喜好也。", "citationFull": "魏源《老子本義》（魏源本作「恬憺」。）", "citationSimp": "魏源《老子本义》", "authorNoteSimp": "魏源本作「恬憺」。", "lemmaSimp": "恬澹为上" }, { "id": "c073", "block": 0, "source": "weiyuan", "target": { "start": "s006", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "戰勝，以喪禮處之", "kind": "note", "text": "晁氏說之曰：王弼《老子注》謂「兵者不祥之器」以下至末，皆非老子本文。王氏道曰：自「兵者不祥之器」以下，似經注相間，疑古之義疏混入經文者。源案：王弼此章句已闕，晁氏生宋初，故猶及見之；但文句相沿已久，今並仍其舊。", "authorNote": "此條為魏源校語，兼存晁說之、王雱之疑。", "citation": "魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "晁氏说之曰：王弼《老子注》谓「兵者不祥之器」以下至末，皆非老子本文。王氏道曰：自「兵者不祥之器」以下，似经注相间，疑古之义疏混入经文者。源案：王弼此章句已阙，晁氏生宋初，故犹及见之；但文句相沿已久，今并仍其旧。", "citationFull": "魏源《老子本義》（此條為魏源校語，兼存晁說之、王雱之疑。）", "citationSimp": "魏源《老子本义》", "authorNoteSimp": "此条为魏源校语，兼存晁说之、王雱之疑。", "lemmaSimp": "战胜，以丧礼处之" }, { "id": "c074", "block": 0, "source": "wangfuzhi", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "吉事尚左……戰勝，以喪禮處之", "kind": "note", "text": "與其悲之於後，何如忘之於先；與其以凶禮居功，何如以吉道處無功之地。不能先機，不能擇吉，不能因間以有餘，所謂「彼惡知禮意」者也。", "authorNote": "王夫之此章經文作「夫兵者」，無「佳」字。", "citation": "王夫之《老子衍》", "textSimp": "与其悲之于后，何如忘之于先；与其以凶礼居功，何如以吉道处无功之地。不能先机，不能择吉，不能因间以有余，所谓「彼恶知礼意」者也。", "citationFull": "王夫之《老子衍》（王夫之此章經文作「夫兵者」，無「佳」字。）", "citationSimp": "王夫之《老子衍》", "authorNoteSimp": "王夫之此章经文作「夫兵者」，无「佳」字。", "lemmaSimp": "吉事尚左……战胜，以丧礼处之" } ], "charNotes": [ { "id": "n001", "sentenceId": "s001", "start": 1, "end": 3, "char": "佳兵", "charSimp": "佳兵", "startSimp": 1, "endSimp": 3, "pinyin": "jiā bīng", "gloss": "精良的兵器；一說以用兵為佳、喜好兵謀。", "glossSimp": "精良的兵器；一说以用兵为佳、喜好兵谋。", "general": "河上公以兵為不善人之器、不當修飾；成玄英以佳麗釋佳，謂霜戈寶劍乃凶荒之具；唐玄宗御注以佳為好、兵為謀略；李榮以精飾為佳；陸希聲以佳尚兵謀之人為非祥善之材器；呂惠卿謂兵而佳之是器之不祥；吳澄以佳為嘉之；憨山以佳兵為用兵之最精巧者；魏源考古佳字無訓美者，王石臞謂佳乃「夫惟」之誤，傅奕本作「美兵」。", "generalSimp": "河上公以兵为不善人之器、不当修饰；成玄英以佳丽释佳，谓霜戈宝剑乃凶荒之具；唐玄宗御注以佳为好、兵为谋略；李荣以精饰为佳；陆希声以佳尚兵谋之人为非祥善之材器；吕惠卿谓兵而佳之是器之不祥；吴澄以佳为嘉之；憨山以佳兵为用兵之最精巧者；魏源考古佳字无训美者，王石臞谓佳乃「夫惟」之误，傅奕本作「美兵」。", "variants": [ "美兵", "夫兵者" ], "variantsSimp": [ "美兵", "夫兵者" ], "refs": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "御注", "李榮注", "陸希聲傳", "呂惠卿傳", "吳澄道德真經注", "憨山道德經解", "魏源老子本義", "王夫之老子衍" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "御注", "李荣注", "陆希声传", "吕惠卿传", "吴澄道德真经注", "憨山道德经解", "魏源老子本义", "王夫之老子衍" ] }, { "id": "n002", "sentenceId": "s001", "start": 5, "end": 7, "char": "不祥", "charSimp": "不祥", "startSimp": 5, "endSimp": 7, "pinyin": "bù xiáng", "gloss": "不吉善、有凶災。", "glossSimp": "不吉善、有凶灾。", "general": "河上公以祥為善，兵者驚精神、濁和氣，故為不善之器；成玄英以祥為善，霜戈寶劍乃凶荒之具；唐玄宗以祥為善，好兵尚殺故不為善之材器；李榮以祥為善，兵動有亡國失人之患；吳澄謂不祥是無吉慶而有凶災；憨山謂兵益佳而禍益深，故為不祥之器。", "generalSimp": "河上公以祥为善，兵者惊精神、浊和气，故为不善之器；成玄英以祥为善，霜戈宝剑乃凶荒之具；唐玄宗以祥为善，好兵尚杀故不为善之材器；李荣以祥为善，兵动有亡国失人之患；吴澄谓不祥是无吉庆而有凶灾；憨山谓兵益佳而祸益深，故为不祥之器。", "variants": [ "不善之器" ], "variantsSimp": [ "不善之器" ], "refs": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "御注", "李榮注", "吳澄道德真經注", "憨山道德經解" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "御注", "李荣注", "吴澄道德真经注", "憨山道德经解" ] }, { "id": "n003", "sentenceId": "s001", "start": 10, "end": 14, "char": "物或惡之", "charSimp": "物或恶之", "startSimp": 10, "endSimp": 14, "pinyin": "wù huò wù zhī", "gloss": "人們或許厭惡它。或，有也；惡，厭惡。", "glossSimp": "人们或许厌恶它。或，有也；恶，厌恶。", "general": "河上公謂兵動則有所害，故萬物無有不惡之者；成玄英謂一切人物皆畏兵而惡貪；唐玄宗御疏謂凡物尚或惡之，況有道君子；李榮謂存者人之所愛、亡者物之所惡；陸希聲謂凡物猶或惡其意；呂惠卿謂物之或惡；吳澄謂不祥故物或惡之；憨山謂造物或惡之者，以其詐變不正、好殺不仁。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓兵动则有所害，故万物无有不恶之者；成玄英谓一切人物皆畏兵而恶贪；唐玄宗御疏谓凡物尚或恶之，况有道君子；李荣谓存者人之所爱、亡者物之所恶；陆希声谓凡物犹或恶其意；吕惠卿谓物之或恶；吴澄谓不祥故物或恶之；憨山谓造物或恶之者，以其诈变不正、好杀不仁。", "variants": [ "物惑惡之" ], "variantsSimp": [ "物惑恶之" ], "refs": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "御疏", "李榮注", "陸希聲傳", "呂惠卿傳", "吳澄道德真經注", "憨山道德經解" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "御疏", "李荣注", "陆希声传", "吕惠卿传", "吴澄道德真经注", "憨山道德经解" ] }, { "id": "n004", "sentenceId": "s002", "start": 4, "end": 6, "char": "貴左", "charSimp": "贵左", "startSimp": 4, "endSimp": 6, "pinyin": "guì zuǒ", "gloss": "以左為貴。左為陽、主生。", "glossSimp": "以左为贵。左为阳、主生。", "general": "河上公以貴左為貴柔弱；成玄英以左陽主吉主生，平居貴左用文；唐玄宗以左陽發生故平居所貴；嚴遵謂貴左者尚生長也；李榮以平居好生以左為重；陸希聲以左陽主德主生，故有德者居左；吳澄謂不處平日所貴之位；憨山謂君子所居以左為貴；魏源謂左為陽為生。", "generalSimp": "河上公以贵左为贵柔弱；成玄英以左阳主吉主生，平居贵左用文；唐玄宗以左阳发生故平居所贵；严遵谓贵左者尚生长也；李荣以平居好生以左为重；陆希声以左阳主德主生，故有德者居左；吴澄谓不处平日所贵之位；憨山谓君子所居以左为贵；魏源谓左为阳为生。", "variants": [ "貴柔弱" ], "variantsSimp": [ "贵柔弱" ], "refs": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "御注", "嚴遵指歸", "李榮注", "陸希聲傳", "吳澄道德真經注", "憨山道德經解", "魏源老子本義" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "御注", "严遵指归", "李荣注", "陆希声传", "吴澄道德真经注", "憨山道德经解", "魏源老子本义" ] }, { "id": "n005", "sentenceId": "s003", "start": 20, "end": 22, "char": "恬澹", "charSimp": "恬澹", "startSimp": 20, "endSimp": 22, "pinyin": "tián dàn", "gloss": "安靜淡泊，不貪功利。", "glossSimp": "安静淡泊，不贪功利。", "general": "河上公以澹為上，不貪土地、利人財寶；成玄英以恬澹無為，雖用兵而不以為美；唐玄宗御注以善勝不爭為恬澹，御疏以恬澹為上、無憑怒之心；李榮以恬澹為靜，有征無戰；陸希聲以恬於見利、淡於欲勝為上；呂惠卿作「恬淡」；吳澄謂恬者不歡愉、淡者不濃厚；憨山謂恬淡者心和平、不以功利為美；魏源謂恬者不歡愉、憺者不釀厚。", "generalSimp": "河上公以澹为上，不贪土地、利人财宝；成玄英以恬澹无为，虽用兵而不以为美；唐玄宗御注以善胜不争为恬澹，御疏以恬澹为上、无凭怒之心；李荣以恬澹为静，有征无战；陆希声以恬于见利、淡于欲胜为上；吕惠卿作「恬淡」；吴澄谓恬者不欢愉、淡者不浓厚；憨山谓恬淡者心和平、不以功利为美；魏源谓恬者不欢愉、憺者不酿厚。", "variants": [ "恬淡", "恬憺" ], "variantsSimp": [ "恬淡", "恬憺" ], "refs": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "御注", "御疏", "李榮注", "陸希聲傳", "呂惠卿傳", "吳澄道德真經注", "憨山道德經解", "魏源老子本義" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "御注", "御疏", "李荣注", "陆希声传", "吕惠卿传", "吴澄道德真经注", "憨山道德经解", "魏源老子本义" ] }, { "id": "n006", "sentenceId": "s004", "start": 0, "end": 4, "char": "勝而不美", "charSimp": "胜而不美", "startSimp": 0, "endSimp": 4, "pinyin": "shèng ér bù měi", "gloss": "戰勝而不自以為美。", "glossSimp": "战胜而不自以为美。", "general": "河上公謂雖得勝不以為利美；成玄英謂雖用兵而不以為美；唐玄宗御注謂制勝必哀其人故不以為美，御疏謂雖克勝猶慚德薄；李榮謂不以為美；陸希聲謂善在不戰而屈人；呂惠卿謂恬淡為上故勝而不美；吳澄謂兵雖得勝亦不肯以為美事；憨山謂雖勝而不以為美。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓虽得胜不以为利美；成玄英谓虽用兵而不以为美；唐玄宗御注谓制胜必哀其人故不以为美，御疏谓虽克胜犹惭德薄；李荣谓不以为美；陆希声谓善在不战而屈人；吕惠卿谓恬淡为上故胜而不美；吴澄谓兵虽得胜亦不肯以为美事；憨山谓虽胜而不以为美。", "variants": [ "不以爲美" ], "variantsSimp": [ "不以为美" ], "refs": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "御注", "御疏", "李榮注", "陸希聲傳", "呂惠卿傳", "吳澄道德真經注", "憨山道德經解" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "御注", "御疏", "李荣注", "陆希声传", "吕惠卿传", "吴澄道德真经注", "憨山道德经解" ] }, { "id": "n007", "sentenceId": "s004", "start": 11, "end": 14, "char": "樂殺人", "charSimp": "乐杀人", "startSimp": 11, "endSimp": 14, "pinyin": "lè shā rén", "gloss": "喜歡殺人。樂，喜好。", "glossSimp": "喜欢杀人。乐，喜好。", "general": "河上公謂美得勝者是為喜樂殺人者；成玄英謂若以佳兵為美即是愛樂干戈；唐玄宗御注謂樂多殺人人必不附，御疏謂貪殘之人人必不附；李榮謂美兵好殺非謂養人；陸希聲謂樂殺人者人亦將樂殺之、天亦將殺之；呂惠卿謂美之則是樂殺人；吳澄謂以殺人為樂；憨山謂甘心樂於殺人者必不可使得志於天下。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓美得胜者是为喜乐杀人者；成玄英谓若以佳兵为美即是爱乐干戈；唐玄宗御注谓乐多杀人人必不附，御疏谓贪残之人人必不附；李荣谓美兵好杀非谓养人；陆希声谓乐杀人者人亦将乐杀之、天亦将杀之；吕惠卿谓美之则是乐杀人；吴澄谓以杀人为乐；憨山谓甘心乐于杀人者必不可使得志于天下。", "variants": [ "喜樂殺人" ], "variantsSimp": [ "喜乐杀人" ], "refs": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "御注", "御疏", "李榮注", "陸希聲傳", "呂惠卿傳", "吳澄道德真經注", "憨山道德經解" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "御注", "御疏", "李荣注", "陆希声传", "吕惠卿传", "吴澄道德真经注", "憨山道德经解" ] }, { "id": "n008", "sentenceId": "s004", "start": 25, "end": 30, "char": "得志於天下", "charSimp": "得志于天下", "startSimp": 25, "endSimp": 30, "pinyin": "dé zhì yú tiān xià", "gloss": "在天下實現志願、得遂其欲。", "glossSimp": "在天下实现志愿、得遂其欲。", "general": "河上公謂為人君而樂殺人者不可使得志於天下；成玄英謂樂殺之夫天下共疾讎、既多不可得意；唐玄宗御注謂樂多殺人人必不附、欲求得志不亦難乎；陸希聲謂若使樂殺人者得志於天下則天下之人幾盡；呂惠卿謂樂殺人者不可得志於天下；吳澄謂要終而言之以示戒；憨山謂若使此輩得志於天下將為殘害而無涯量。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓为人君而乐杀人者不可使得志于天下；成玄英谓乐杀之夫天下共疾雠、既多不可得意；唐玄宗御注谓乐多杀人人必不附、欲求得志不亦难乎；陆希声谓若使乐杀人者得志于天下则天下之人几尽；吕惠卿谓乐杀人者不可得志于天下；吴澄谓要终而言之以示戒；憨山谓若使此辈得志于天下将为残害而无涯量。", "variants": [ "得意" ], "variantsSimp": [ "得意" ], "refs": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "御注", "陸希聲傳", "呂惠卿傳", "吳澄道德真經注", "憨山道德經解" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "御注", "陆希声传", "吕惠卿传", "吴澄道德真经注", "憨山道德经解" ] }, { "id": "n009", "sentenceId": "s005", "start": 2, "end": 4, "char": "尚左", "charSimp": "尚左", "startSimp": 2, "endSimp": 4, "pinyin": "shàng zuǒ", "gloss": "以左為上、崇尚左位。", "glossSimp": "以左为上、崇尚左位。", "general": "河上公以吉事尚左為吉生位、凶事尚右為陰道殺人；唐玄宗御疏以左陽而生則吉、右陰而殺則凶，引《檀弓》拱而尚右之文；李榮以陽道貴生所以吉、陰道貴殺故云凶；陸希聲謂吉事拱而尚左、凶事拱而尚右；吳澄謂吉事尚左以下申言不處；憨山謂世之吉事必尚左、凶事則尚右；魏源謂左為陽為生、右為陰為死，故吉凶異尚。", "generalSimp": "河上公以吉事尚左为吉生位、凶事尚右为阴道杀人；唐玄宗御疏以左阳而生则吉、右阴而杀则凶，引《檀弓》拱而尚右之文；李荣以阳道贵生所以吉、阴道贵杀故云凶；陆希声谓吉事拱而尚左、凶事拱而尚右；吴澄谓吉事尚左以下申言不处；憨山谓世之吉事必尚左、凶事则尚右；魏源谓左为阳为生、右为阴为死，故吉凶异尚。", "variants": [ "尚右" ], "variantsSimp": [ "尚右" ], "refs": [ "河上公注", "御疏", "李榮注", "陸希聲傳", "吳澄道德真經注", "憨山道德經解", "魏源老子本義" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "御疏", "李荣注", "陆希声传", "吴澄道德真经注", "憨山道德经解", "魏源老子本义" ] }, { "id": "n010", "sentenceId": "s005", "start": 10, "end": 13, "char": "偏將軍", "charSimp": "偏将军", "startSimp": 10, "endSimp": 13, "pinyin": "piān jiāng jūn", "gloss": "副將，佐助主將者。", "glossSimp": "副将，佐助主将者。", "general": "唐玄宗御注謂偏將軍卑處左者不專殺，御疏謂偏將軍為副、不專命故處左；河上公謂偏將軍卑而居陽者以其不專殺；李榮謂偏將副軍、不當殺故居左；陸希聲謂偏將軍者兵之佐故居於左；呂惠卿謂偏將軍處左、上將軍處右；憨山謂兵家以偏將軍居左、上將軍居右；魏源本有「是以偏將軍居左」。", "generalSimp": "唐玄宗御注谓偏将军卑处左者不专杀，御疏谓偏将军为副、不专命故处左；河上公谓偏将军卑而居阳者以其不专杀；李荣谓偏将副军、不当杀故居左；陆希声谓偏将军者兵之佐故居于左；吕惠卿谓偏将军处左、上将军处右；憨山谓兵家以偏将军居左、上将军居右；魏源本有「是以偏将军居左」。", "variants": [ "偏將軍處左" ], "variantsSimp": [ "偏将军处左" ], "refs": [ "河上公注", "御注", "御疏", "李榮注", "陸希聲傳", "呂惠卿傳", "憨山道德經解", "魏源老子本義" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "御注", "御疏", "李荣注", "陆希声传", "吕惠卿传", "憨山道德经解", "魏源老子本义" ] }, { "id": "n011", "sentenceId": "s005", "start": 24, "end": 26, "char": "喪禮", "charSimp": "丧礼", "startSimp": 24, "endSimp": 26, "pinyin": "sāng lǐ", "gloss": "喪葬之禮；此喻以哀戚之心處用兵之事。", "glossSimp": "丧葬之礼；此喻以哀戚之心处用兵之事。", "general": "唐玄宗御注謂喪禮尚右、上將軍居右者是以喪禮處置之，御疏謂用兵之道同於喪禮、又謂諸注古有斯禮尋閱墳典無據故不錄；河上公謂上將軍於右、喪禮尚右、死人貴陰；成玄英謂以死喪之禮安處之；李榮謂克敵之後將軍素服主喪行禮受弔；陸希聲謂居上勢者尚右、是以喪禮處之；呂惠卿謂以喪禮處之則不美可知；憨山謂言居上勢則當以喪禮處之；魏源本「戰勝則以喪禮處之」，吳澄作「戰勝以喪禮主之」。", "generalSimp": "唐玄宗御注谓丧礼尚右、上将军居右者是以丧礼处置之，御疏谓用兵之道同于丧礼、又谓诸注古有斯礼寻阅坟典无据故不录；河上公谓上将军于右、丧礼尚右、死人贵阴；成玄英谓以死丧之礼安处之；李荣谓克敌之后将军素服主丧行礼受吊；陆希声谓居上势者尚右、是以丧礼处之；吕惠卿谓以丧礼处之则不美可知；憨山谓言居上势则当以丧礼处之；魏源本「战胜则以丧礼处之」，吴澄作「战胜以丧礼主之」。", "variants": [ "以喪禮主之" ], "variantsSimp": [ "以丧礼主之" ], "refs": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "御注", "御疏", "李榮注", "陸希聲傳", "呂惠卿傳", "憨山道德經解", "魏源老子本義", "吳澄道德真經注" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "御注", "御疏", "李荣注", "陆希声传", "吕惠卿传", "憨山道德经解", "魏源老子本义", "吴澄道德真经注" ] }, { "id": "n012", "sentenceId": "s006", "start": 6, "end": 10, "char": "悲哀泣之", "charSimp": "悲哀泣之", "startSimp": 6, "endSimp": 10, "pinyin": "bēi āi qì zhī", "gloss": "以悲哀哭泣。泣，哭也。", "glossSimp": "以悲哀哭泣。泣，哭也。", "general": "河上公謂傷己德薄、不能以道化人而害無辜之民；成玄英謂兵戈行處屠害必多、上將悲哀愍其傷害；唐玄宗御注謂以生靈之貴而交戰殺之有惻仁心，御疏謂夫人惟邦本、交戰殺之故仁心惻隱；李榮謂兵之所用義在救人、哀其失道悲其過害；陸希聲謂殺人多者必以悲哀泣之；呂惠卿謂以悲哀泣之則是不樂殺人可知；吳澄謂此申言上文不美之意。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓伤己德薄、不能以道化人而害无辜之民；成玄英谓兵戈行处屠害必多、上将悲哀愍其伤害；唐玄宗御注谓以生灵之贵而交战杀之有恻仁心，御疏谓夫人惟邦本、交战杀之故仁心恻隐；李荣谓兵之所用义在救人、哀其失道悲其过害；陆希声谓杀人多者必以悲哀泣之；吕惠卿谓以悲哀泣之则是不乐杀人可知；吴澄谓此申言上文不美之意。", "variants": [ "以悲哀傷泣之" ], "variantsSimp": [ "以悲哀伤泣之" ], "refs": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "御注", "御疏", "李榮注", "陸希聲傳", "呂惠卿傳", "吳澄道德真經注" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "御注", "御疏", "李荣注", "陆希声传", "吕惠卿传", "吴澄道德真经注" ] } ], "glossary": { "佳兵": "精良的兵器；一說以用兵為佳、喜好兵謀。", "不祥": "不吉善、有凶災。", "物或惡之": "人們或許厭惡它。或，有也；惡，厭惡。", "貴左": "以左為貴。左為陽、主生；右為陰、主殺。", "恬澹": "安靜淡泊，不貪功利。", "勝而不美": "戰勝而不自以為美。美，以之為美、誇耀。", "樂殺人": "喜歡殺人。樂，喜好。", "得志於天下": "在天下實現志願、得遂其欲。", "尚左": "以左為上、崇尚左位。", "偏將軍": "副將，佐助主將者。", "上將軍": "主將，專殺、主兵謀者。", "喪禮": "喪葬之禮；此喻以哀戚之心處用兵之事。", "悲哀泣之": "以悲哀哭泣。泣，哭也。", "偃武": "河上公本章章題，謂偃息武力、不以兵强天下。", "夫佳兵章": "唐玄宗本章章題。" }, "collations": [ { "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "章次與章題", "text": "河上公題「偃武第三十一」，唐玄宗題「夫佳兵章第三十一」，王弼本無章題。吳澄以此章為其第二十六章；魏源合第三十、三十一章為其第二十六章。本站從王弼本分章。", "source": "河上公《老子道德經章句》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、王弼《老子道德經注》、吳澄《道德真經注》、魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "河上公题「偃武第三十一」，唐玄宗题「夫佳兵章第三十一」，王弼本无章题。吴澄以此章为其第二十六章；魏源合第三十、三十一章为其第二十六章。本站从王弼本分章。", "headwordSimp": "章次与章题", "sourceSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、王弼《老子道德经注》、吴澄《道德真经注》、魏源《老子本义》", "id": "k001" }, { "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "夫佳兵者", "text": "河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山、魏源作「夫佳兵者」；王夫之作「夫兵者」；傅奕本作「美兵」；魏源引王石臞說，謂「佳」乃「夫惟」之誤。", "source": "河上公《老子道德經章句》、《玄德纂疏》所引諸家、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、憨山《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》、王夫之《老子衍》", "textSimp": "河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李荣、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、憨山、魏源作「夫佳兵者」；王夫之作「夫兵者」；傅奕本作「美兵」；魏源引王石臞说，谓「佳」乃「夫惟」之误。", "headwordSimp": "夫佳兵者", "sourceSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》、《玄德纂疏》所引诸家、李荣《道德真经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、憨山《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》、王夫之《老子衍》", "id": "k002" }, { "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "不祥之器", "text": "王弼、河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、憨山作「不祥之器」；魏源本無「之器」二字；吳澄本作「夫佳兵者不祥，物或惡之，故有道者不處也」。", "source": "王弼《老子道德經注》、河上公《老子道德經章句》、《玄德纂疏》所引諸家、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、憨山《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "王弼、河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李荣、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、憨山作「不祥之器」；魏源本无「之器」二字；吴澄本作「夫佳兵者不祥，物或恶之，故有道者不处也」。", "headwordSimp": "不祥之器", "sourceSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》、河上公《老子道德经章句》、《玄德纂疏》所引诸家、李荣《道德真经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、憨山《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》", "id": "k003" }, { "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "物或惡之", "text": "通行王弼本、河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮、陸希聲、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山、魏源作「物或惡之」；《道藏》本王弼注與呂惠卿本作「物惑惡之」。", "source": "王弼《老子道德經注》、河上公《老子道德經章句》、《玄德纂疏》所引諸家、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、憨山《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "通行王弼本、河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李荣、陆希声、苏辙、吴澄、憨山、魏源作「物或恶之」；《道藏》本王弼注与吕惠卿本作「物惑恶之」。", "headwordSimp": "物或恶之", "sourceSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》、河上公《老子道德经章句》、《玄德纂疏》所引诸家、李荣《道德真经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、憨山《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》", "id": "k004" }, { "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "恬澹", "text": "王弼作「恬澹」；河上公、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍作「恬淡」；魏源作「恬憺」；《經典釋文》云：「恬或作栝括，憺或作惔，又作恢。」", "source": "王弼《老子道德經注》、河上公《老子道德經章句》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "王弼作「恬澹」；河上公、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙作「恬淡」；魏源作「恬憺」；《经典释文》云：「恬或作栝括，憺或作惔，又作恢。」", "headwordSimp": "恬澹", "sourceSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》、河上公《老子道德经章句》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、魏源《老子本义》", "id": "k005" }, { "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "則不可以得志於天下", "text": "王弼、河上公、唐玄宗、吳澄、魏源有「則」；陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、憨山無「則」；傅奕本「得志」作「得意」，無「矣」字。", "source": "王弼《老子道德經注》、河上公《老子道德經章句》、《玄德纂疏》所引諸家、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、憨山《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "王弼、河上公、唐玄宗、吴澄、魏源有「则」；陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、憨山无「则」；傅奕本「得志」作「得意」，无「矣」字。", "headwordSimp": "则不可以得志于天下", "sourceSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》、河上公《老子道德经章句》、《玄德纂疏》所引诸家、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、憨山《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》", "id": "k006" }, { "sentenceId": "s006", "headword": "殺人之眾", "text": "王弼作「殺人之眾」；河上公、魏源作「殺人眾多」；傅奕本「眾多」下有「則」字。", "source": "王弼《老子道德經注》、河上公《老子道德經章句》、魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "王弼作「杀人之众」；河上公、魏源作「杀人众多」；傅奕本「众多」下有「则」字。", "headwordSimp": "杀人之众", "sourceSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》、河上公《老子道德经章句》、魏源《老子本义》", "id": "k007" }, { "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "偏將軍居左", "text": "王弼、河上公作「偏將軍居左，上將軍居右」；陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山作「處左」「處右」；魏源本有「是以」二字。", "source": "王弼《老子道德經注》、河上公《老子道德經章句》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、憨山《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "王弼、河上公作「偏将军居左，上将军居右」；陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、憨山作「处左」「处右」；魏源本有「是以」二字。", "headwordSimp": "偏将军居左", "sourceSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》、河上公《老子道德经章句》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、憨山《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》", "id": "k008" }, { "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "言以喪禮處之", "text": "王弼、河上公無「居上勢則」四字；憨山、焦竑本作「言居上勢則以喪禮處之」；魏源從王弼本。", "source": "王弼《老子道德經注》、河上公《老子道德經章句》、憨山《道德經解》、焦竑《老子翼》、魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "王弼、河上公无「居上势则」四字；憨山、焦竑本作「言居上势则以丧礼处之」；魏源从王弼本。", "headwordSimp": "言以丧礼处之", "sourceSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》、河上公《老子道德经章句》、憨山《道德经解》、焦竑《老子翼》、魏源《老子本义》", "id": "k009" }, { "sentenceId": "s006", "headword": "戰勝以喪禮處之", "text": "王弼、河上公、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、憨山無「則」；魏源、吳澄有「則」；吳澄「處之」作「主之」。", "source": "王弼《老子道德經注》、河上公《老子道德經章句》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、憨山《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "王弼、河上公、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、憨山无「则」；魏源、吴澄有「则」；吴澄「处之」作「主之」。", "headwordSimp": "战胜以丧礼处之", "sourceSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》、河上公《老子道德经章句》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、憨山《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》", "id": "k010" }, { "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "王弼此章注闕", "text": "魏源云「王弼此章句已闕」；晁說之謂王弼注以「兵者不祥之器」以下至末皆非老子本文；王雱謂自「兵者不祥之器」以下似經注相間、疑古義疏混入經文。本站王弼經文據《道藏》本，注文闕，故不列王弼注。", "source": "王弼《老子道德經注》、魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "魏源云「王弼此章句已阙」；晁说之谓王弼注以「兵者不祥之器」以下至末皆非老子本文；王雱谓自「兵者不祥之器」以下似经注相间、疑古义疏混入经文。本站王弼经文据《道藏》本，注文阙，故不列王弼注。", "headwordSimp": "王弼此章注阙", "sourceSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》、魏源《老子本义》", "id": "k011" }, { "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、嚴遵出處", "text": "河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗御注御疏此章據《玄德纂疏》卷八所引；嚴遵《指歸》道經原卷缺佚，此章僅《玄德纂疏》存輯文一句；俞樾《諸子平議》此章未列。", "source": "河上公《老子道德經章句》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（以上據《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）、嚴遵《道德真經指歸》、俞樾《諸子平議·老子平議》", "textSimp": "河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗御注御疏此章据《玄德纂疏》卷八所引；严遵《指归》道经原卷缺佚，此章仅《玄德纂疏》存辑文一句；俞樾《诸子平议》此章未列。", "headwordSimp": "河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、严遵出处", "sourceSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（以上据《玄德纂疏》卷八所引）、严遵《道德真经指归》、俞樾《诸子平议·老子平议》", "id": "k012" } ], "glossarySimp": { "佳兵": "精良的兵器；一说以用兵为佳、喜好兵谋。", "不祥": "不吉善、有凶灾。", "物或恶之": "人们或许厌恶它。或，有也；恶，厌恶。", "贵左": "以左为贵。左为阳、主生；右为阴、主杀。", "恬澹": "安静淡泊，不贪功利。", "胜而不美": "战胜而不自以为美。美，以之为美、夸耀。", "乐杀人": "喜欢杀人。乐，喜好。", "得志于天下": "在天下实现志愿、得遂其欲。", "尚左": "以左为上、崇尚左位。", "偏将军": "副将，佐助主将者。", "上将军": "主将，专杀、主兵谋者。", "丧礼": "丧葬之礼；此喻以哀戚之心处用兵之事。", "悲哀泣之": "以悲哀哭泣。泣，哭也。", "偃武": "河上公本章章题，谓偃息武力、不以兵强天下。", "夫佳兵章": "唐玄宗本章章题。" }, "lexicon": { "note": "由构建脚本从字词注与常用字表生成，供义位词典和开放数据集使用；occurrence 统计按繁体与简体正文分别匹配后合并。", "entries": [ { "order": 1, "id": "n001", "noteId": "n001", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "佳兵", "headwordSimp": "佳兵", "pinyin": "jiā bīng", "gloss": "精良的兵器；一說以用兵為佳、喜好兵謀。", "glossSimp": "精良的兵器；一说以用兵为佳、喜好兵谋。", "general": "河上公以兵為不善人之器、不當修飾；成玄英以佳麗釋佳，謂霜戈寶劍乃凶荒之具；唐玄宗御注以佳為好、兵為謀略；李榮以精飾為佳；陸希聲以佳尚兵謀之人為非祥善之材器；呂惠卿謂兵而佳之是器之不祥；吳澄以佳為嘉之；憨山以佳兵為用兵之最精巧者；魏源考古佳字無訓美者，王石臞謂佳乃「夫惟」之誤，傅奕本作「美兵」。", "generalSimp": "河上公以兵为不善人之器、不当修饰；成玄英以佳丽释佳，谓霜戈宝剑乃凶荒之具；唐玄宗御注以佳为好、兵为谋略；李荣以精饰为佳；陆希声以佳尚兵谋之人为非祥善之材器；吕惠卿谓兵而佳之是器之不祥；吴澄以佳为嘉之；憨山以佳兵为用兵之最精巧者；魏源考古佳字无训美者，王石臞谓佳乃「夫惟」之误，傅奕本作「美兵」。", "variants": [ "美兵", "夫兵者" ], "variantsSimp": [ "美兵", "夫兵者" ], "refs": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "御注", "李榮注", "陸希聲傳", "呂惠卿傳", "吳澄道德真經注", "憨山道德經解", "魏源老子本義", "王夫之老子衍" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "御注", "李荣注", "陆希声传", "吕惠卿传", "吴澄道德真经注", "憨山道德经解", "魏源老子本义", "王夫之老子衍" ], "forms": [ { "form": "佳兵", "formSimp": "佳兵", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 2, "id": "n002", "noteId": "n002", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "不祥", "headwordSimp": "不祥", "pinyin": "bù xiáng", "gloss": "不吉善、有凶災。", "glossSimp": "不吉善、有凶灾。", "general": "河上公以祥為善，兵者驚精神、濁和氣，故為不善之器；成玄英以祥為善，霜戈寶劍乃凶荒之具；唐玄宗以祥為善，好兵尚殺故不為善之材器；李榮以祥為善，兵動有亡國失人之患；吳澄謂不祥是無吉慶而有凶災；憨山謂兵益佳而禍益深，故為不祥之器。", "generalSimp": "河上公以祥为善，兵者惊精神、浊和气，故为不善之器；成玄英以祥为善，霜戈宝剑乃凶荒之具；唐玄宗以祥为善，好兵尚杀故不为善之材器；李荣以祥为善，兵动有亡国失人之患；吴澄谓不祥是无吉庆而有凶灾；憨山谓兵益佳而祸益深，故为不祥之器。", "variants": [ "不善之器" ], "variantsSimp": [ "不善之器" ], "refs": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "御注", "李榮注", "吳澄道德真經注", "憨山道德經解" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "御注", "李荣注", "吴澄道德真经注", "憨山道德经解" ], "forms": [ { "form": "不祥", "formSimp": "不祥", "kind": "headword", "count": 2, "sentenceIds": [ "s001", "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001", "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 2 }, { "order": 3, "id": "n003", "noteId": "n003", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "物或惡之", "headwordSimp": "物或恶之", "pinyin": "wù huò wù zhī", "gloss": "人們或許厭惡它。或，有也；惡，厭惡。", "glossSimp": "人们或许厌恶它。或，有也；恶，厌恶。", "general": "河上公謂兵動則有所害，故萬物無有不惡之者；成玄英謂一切人物皆畏兵而惡貪；唐玄宗御疏謂凡物尚或惡之，況有道君子；李榮謂存者人之所愛、亡者物之所惡；陸希聲謂凡物猶或惡其意；呂惠卿謂物之或惡；吳澄謂不祥故物或惡之；憨山謂造物或惡之者，以其詐變不正、好殺不仁。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓兵动则有所害，故万物无有不恶之者；成玄英谓一切人物皆畏兵而恶贪；唐玄宗御疏谓凡物尚或恶之，况有道君子；李荣谓存者人之所爱、亡者物之所恶；陆希声谓凡物犹或恶其意；吕惠卿谓物之或恶；吴澄谓不祥故物或恶之；憨山谓造物或恶之者，以其诈变不正、好杀不仁。", "variants": [ "物惑惡之" ], "variantsSimp": [ "物惑恶之" ], "refs": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "御疏", "李榮注", "陸希聲傳", "呂惠卿傳", "吳澄道德真經注", "憨山道德經解" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "御疏", "李荣注", "陆希声传", "吕惠卿传", "吴澄道德真经注", "憨山道德经解" ], "forms": [ { "form": "物或惡之", "formSimp": "物或恶之", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 4, "id": "n004", "noteId": "n004", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "貴左", "headwordSimp": "贵左", "pinyin": "guì zuǒ", "gloss": "以左為貴。左為陽、主生。", "glossSimp": "以左为贵。左为阳、主生。", "general": "河上公以貴左為貴柔弱；成玄英以左陽主吉主生，平居貴左用文；唐玄宗以左陽發生故平居所貴；嚴遵謂貴左者尚生長也；李榮以平居好生以左為重；陸希聲以左陽主德主生，故有德者居左；吳澄謂不處平日所貴之位；憨山謂君子所居以左為貴；魏源謂左為陽為生。", "generalSimp": "河上公以贵左为贵柔弱；成玄英以左阳主吉主生，平居贵左用文；唐玄宗以左阳发生故平居所贵；严遵谓贵左者尚生长也；李荣以平居好生以左为重；陆希声以左阳主德主生，故有德者居左；吴澄谓不处平日所贵之位；憨山谓君子所居以左为贵；魏源谓左为阳为生。", "variants": [ "貴柔弱" ], "variantsSimp": [ "贵柔弱" ], "refs": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "御注", "嚴遵指歸", "李榮注", "陸希聲傳", "吳澄道德真經注", "憨山道德經解", "魏源老子本義" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "御注", "严遵指归", "李荣注", "陆希声传", "吴澄道德真经注", "憨山道德经解", "魏源老子本义" ], "forms": [ { "form": "貴左", "formSimp": "贵左", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 5, "id": "n005", "noteId": "n005", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "恬澹", "headwordSimp": "恬澹", "pinyin": "tián dàn", "gloss": "安靜淡泊，不貪功利。", "glossSimp": "安静淡泊，不贪功利。", "general": "河上公以澹為上，不貪土地、利人財寶；成玄英以恬澹無為，雖用兵而不以為美；唐玄宗御注以善勝不爭為恬澹，御疏以恬澹為上、無憑怒之心；李榮以恬澹為靜，有征無戰；陸希聲以恬於見利、淡於欲勝為上；呂惠卿作「恬淡」；吳澄謂恬者不歡愉、淡者不濃厚；憨山謂恬淡者心和平、不以功利為美；魏源謂恬者不歡愉、憺者不釀厚。", "generalSimp": "河上公以澹为上，不贪土地、利人财宝；成玄英以恬澹无为，虽用兵而不以为美；唐玄宗御注以善胜不争为恬澹，御疏以恬澹为上、无凭怒之心；李荣以恬澹为静，有征无战；陆希声以恬于见利、淡于欲胜为上；吕惠卿作「恬淡」；吴澄谓恬者不欢愉、淡者不浓厚；憨山谓恬淡者心和平、不以功利为美；魏源谓恬者不欢愉、憺者不酿厚。", "variants": [ "恬淡", "恬憺" ], "variantsSimp": [ "恬淡", "恬憺" ], "refs": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "御注", "御疏", "李榮注", "陸希聲傳", "呂惠卿傳", "吳澄道德真經注", "憨山道德經解", "魏源老子本義" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "御注", "御疏", "李荣注", "陆希声传", "吕惠卿传", "吴澄道德真经注", "憨山道德经解", "魏源老子本义" ], "forms": [ { "form": "恬澹", "formSimp": "恬澹", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 6, "id": "n006", "noteId": "n006", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "勝而不美", "headwordSimp": "胜而不美", "pinyin": "shèng ér bù měi", "gloss": "戰勝而不自以為美。", "glossSimp": "战胜而不自以为美。", "general": "河上公謂雖得勝不以為利美；成玄英謂雖用兵而不以為美；唐玄宗御注謂制勝必哀其人故不以為美，御疏謂雖克勝猶慚德薄；李榮謂不以為美；陸希聲謂善在不戰而屈人；呂惠卿謂恬淡為上故勝而不美；吳澄謂兵雖得勝亦不肯以為美事；憨山謂雖勝而不以為美。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓虽得胜不以为利美；成玄英谓虽用兵而不以为美；唐玄宗御注谓制胜必哀其人故不以为美，御疏谓虽克胜犹惭德薄；李荣谓不以为美；陆希声谓善在不战而屈人；吕惠卿谓恬淡为上故胜而不美；吴澄谓兵虽得胜亦不肯以为美事；憨山谓虽胜而不以为美。", "variants": [ "不以爲美" ], "variantsSimp": [ "不以为美" ], "refs": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "御注", "御疏", "李榮注", "陸希聲傳", "呂惠卿傳", "吳澄道德真經注", "憨山道德經解" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "御注", "御疏", "李荣注", "陆希声传", "吕惠卿传", "吴澄道德真经注", "憨山道德经解" ], "forms": [ { "form": "勝而不美", "formSimp": "胜而不美", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 7, "id": "n007", "noteId": "n007", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "樂殺人", "headwordSimp": "乐杀人", "pinyin": "lè shā rén", "gloss": "喜歡殺人。樂，喜好。", "glossSimp": "喜欢杀人。乐，喜好。", "general": "河上公謂美得勝者是為喜樂殺人者；成玄英謂若以佳兵為美即是愛樂干戈；唐玄宗御注謂樂多殺人人必不附，御疏謂貪殘之人人必不附；李榮謂美兵好殺非謂養人；陸希聲謂樂殺人者人亦將樂殺之、天亦將殺之；呂惠卿謂美之則是樂殺人；吳澄謂以殺人為樂；憨山謂甘心樂於殺人者必不可使得志於天下。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓美得胜者是为喜乐杀人者；成玄英谓若以佳兵为美即是爱乐干戈；唐玄宗御注谓乐多杀人人必不附，御疏谓贪残之人人必不附；李荣谓美兵好杀非谓养人；陆希声谓乐杀人者人亦将乐杀之、天亦将杀之；吕惠卿谓美之则是乐杀人；吴澄谓以杀人为乐；憨山谓甘心乐于杀人者必不可使得志于天下。", "variants": [ "喜樂殺人" ], "variantsSimp": [ "喜乐杀人" ], "refs": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "御注", "御疏", "李榮注", "陸希聲傳", "呂惠卿傳", "吳澄道德真經注", "憨山道德經解" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "御注", "御疏", "李荣注", "陆希声传", "吕惠卿传", "吴澄道德真经注", "憨山道德经解" ], "forms": [ { "form": "樂殺人", "formSimp": "乐杀人", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 8, "id": "n008", "noteId": "n008", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "得志於天下", "headwordSimp": "得志于天下", "pinyin": "dé zhì yú tiān xià", "gloss": "在天下實現志願、得遂其欲。", "glossSimp": "在天下实现志愿、得遂其欲。", "general": "河上公謂為人君而樂殺人者不可使得志於天下；成玄英謂樂殺之夫天下共疾讎、既多不可得意；唐玄宗御注謂樂多殺人人必不附、欲求得志不亦難乎；陸希聲謂若使樂殺人者得志於天下則天下之人幾盡；呂惠卿謂樂殺人者不可得志於天下；吳澄謂要終而言之以示戒；憨山謂若使此輩得志於天下將為殘害而無涯量。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓为人君而乐杀人者不可使得志于天下；成玄英谓乐杀之夫天下共疾雠、既多不可得意；唐玄宗御注谓乐多杀人人必不附、欲求得志不亦难乎；陆希声谓若使乐杀人者得志于天下则天下之人几尽；吕惠卿谓乐杀人者不可得志于天下；吴澄谓要终而言之以示戒；憨山谓若使此辈得志于天下将为残害而无涯量。", "variants": [ "得意" ], "variantsSimp": [ "得意" ], "refs": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "御注", "陸希聲傳", "呂惠卿傳", "吳澄道德真經注", "憨山道德經解" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "御注", "陆希声传", "吕惠卿传", "吴澄道德真经注", "憨山道德经解" ], "forms": [ { "form": "得志於天下", "formSimp": "得志于天下", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 9, "id": "n009", "noteId": "n009", "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "尚左", "headwordSimp": "尚左", "pinyin": "shàng zuǒ", "gloss": "以左為上、崇尚左位。", "glossSimp": "以左为上、崇尚左位。", "general": "河上公以吉事尚左為吉生位、凶事尚右為陰道殺人；唐玄宗御疏以左陽而生則吉、右陰而殺則凶，引《檀弓》拱而尚右之文；李榮以陽道貴生所以吉、陰道貴殺故云凶；陸希聲謂吉事拱而尚左、凶事拱而尚右；吳澄謂吉事尚左以下申言不處；憨山謂世之吉事必尚左、凶事則尚右；魏源謂左為陽為生、右為陰為死，故吉凶異尚。", "generalSimp": "河上公以吉事尚左为吉生位、凶事尚右为阴道杀人；唐玄宗御疏以左阳而生则吉、右阴而杀则凶，引《檀弓》拱而尚右之文；李荣以阳道贵生所以吉、阴道贵杀故云凶；陆希声谓吉事拱而尚左、凶事拱而尚右；吴澄谓吉事尚左以下申言不处；憨山谓世之吉事必尚左、凶事则尚右；魏源谓左为阳为生、右为阴为死，故吉凶异尚。", "variants": [ "尚右" ], "variantsSimp": [ "尚右" ], "refs": [ "河上公注", "御疏", "李榮注", "陸希聲傳", "吳澄道德真經注", "憨山道德經解", "魏源老子本義" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "御疏", "李荣注", "陆希声传", "吴澄道德真经注", "憨山道德经解", "魏源老子本义" ], "forms": [ { "form": "尚左", "formSimp": "尚左", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s005" ] }, { "form": "尚右", "formSimp": "尚右", "kind": "variant", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s005" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s005" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 10, "id": "n010", "noteId": "n010", "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "偏將軍", "headwordSimp": "偏将军", "pinyin": "piān jiāng jūn", "gloss": "副將，佐助主將者。", "glossSimp": "副将，佐助主将者。", "general": "唐玄宗御注謂偏將軍卑處左者不專殺，御疏謂偏將軍為副、不專命故處左；河上公謂偏將軍卑而居陽者以其不專殺；李榮謂偏將副軍、不當殺故居左；陸希聲謂偏將軍者兵之佐故居於左；呂惠卿謂偏將軍處左、上將軍處右；憨山謂兵家以偏將軍居左、上將軍居右；魏源本有「是以偏將軍居左」。", "generalSimp": "唐玄宗御注谓偏将军卑处左者不专杀，御疏谓偏将军为副、不专命故处左；河上公谓偏将军卑而居阳者以其不专杀；李荣谓偏将副军、不当杀故居左；陆希声谓偏将军者兵之佐故居于左；吕惠卿谓偏将军处左、上将军处右；憨山谓兵家以偏将军居左、上将军居右；魏源本有「是以偏将军居左」。", "variants": [ "偏將軍處左" ], "variantsSimp": [ "偏将军处左" ], "refs": [ "河上公注", "御注", "御疏", "李榮注", "陸希聲傳", "呂惠卿傳", "憨山道德經解", "魏源老子本義" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "御注", "御疏", "李荣注", "陆希声传", "吕惠卿传", "憨山道德经解", "魏源老子本义" ], "forms": [ { "form": "偏將軍", "formSimp": "偏将军", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s005" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s005" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 11, "id": "n011", "noteId": "n011", "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "喪禮", "headwordSimp": "丧礼", "pinyin": "sāng lǐ", "gloss": "喪葬之禮；此喻以哀戚之心處用兵之事。", "glossSimp": "丧葬之礼；此喻以哀戚之心处用兵之事。", "general": "唐玄宗御注謂喪禮尚右、上將軍居右者是以喪禮處置之，御疏謂用兵之道同於喪禮、又謂諸注古有斯禮尋閱墳典無據故不錄；河上公謂上將軍於右、喪禮尚右、死人貴陰；成玄英謂以死喪之禮安處之；李榮謂克敵之後將軍素服主喪行禮受弔；陸希聲謂居上勢者尚右、是以喪禮處之；呂惠卿謂以喪禮處之則不美可知；憨山謂言居上勢則當以喪禮處之；魏源本「戰勝則以喪禮處之」，吳澄作「戰勝以喪禮主之」。", "generalSimp": "唐玄宗御注谓丧礼尚右、上将军居右者是以丧礼处置之，御疏谓用兵之道同于丧礼、又谓诸注古有斯礼寻阅坟典无据故不录；河上公谓上将军于右、丧礼尚右、死人贵阴；成玄英谓以死丧之礼安处之；李荣谓克敌之后将军素服主丧行礼受吊；陆希声谓居上势者尚右、是以丧礼处之；吕惠卿谓以丧礼处之则不美可知；憨山谓言居上势则当以丧礼处之；魏源本「战胜则以丧礼处之」，吴澄作「战胜以丧礼主之」。", "variants": [ "以喪禮主之" ], "variantsSimp": [ "以丧礼主之" ], "refs": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "御注", "御疏", "李榮注", "陸希聲傳", "呂惠卿傳", "憨山道德經解", "魏源老子本義", "吳澄道德真經注" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "御注", "御疏", "李荣注", "陆希声传", "吕惠卿传", "憨山道德经解", "魏源老子本义", "吴澄道德真经注" ], "forms": [ { "form": "喪禮", "formSimp": "丧礼", "kind": "headword", "count": 2, "sentenceIds": [ "s005", "s006" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s005", "s006" ], "occurrenceCount": 2 }, { "order": 12, "id": "n012", "noteId": "n012", "sentenceId": "s006", "headword": "悲哀泣之", "headwordSimp": "悲哀泣之", "pinyin": "bēi āi qì zhī", "gloss": "以悲哀哭泣。泣，哭也。", "glossSimp": "以悲哀哭泣。泣，哭也。", "general": "河上公謂傷己德薄、不能以道化人而害無辜之民；成玄英謂兵戈行處屠害必多、上將悲哀愍其傷害；唐玄宗御注謂以生靈之貴而交戰殺之有惻仁心，御疏謂夫人惟邦本、交戰殺之故仁心惻隱；李榮謂兵之所用義在救人、哀其失道悲其過害；陸希聲謂殺人多者必以悲哀泣之；呂惠卿謂以悲哀泣之則是不樂殺人可知；吳澄謂此申言上文不美之意。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓伤己德薄、不能以道化人而害无辜之民；成玄英谓兵戈行处屠害必多、上将悲哀愍其伤害；唐玄宗御注谓以生灵之贵而交战杀之有恻仁心，御疏谓夫人惟邦本、交战杀之故仁心恻隐；李荣谓兵之所用义在救人、哀其失道悲其过害；陆希声谓杀人多者必以悲哀泣之；吕惠卿谓以悲哀泣之则是不乐杀人可知；吴澄谓此申言上文不美之意。", "variants": [ "以悲哀傷泣之" ], "variantsSimp": [ "以悲哀伤泣之" ], "refs": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "御注", "御疏", "李榮注", "陸希聲傳", "呂惠卿傳", "吳澄道德真經注" ], "refsSimp": [ "河上公注", "成玄英疏", "御注", "御疏", "李荣注", "陆希声传", "吕惠卿传", "吴澄道德真经注" ], "forms": [ { "form": "悲哀泣之", "formSimp": "悲哀泣之", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s006" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s006" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 } ], "glossaryEntries": [ { "order": 13, "id": "g001", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "佳兵", "headwordSimp": "佳兵", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "精良的兵器；一說以用兵為佳、喜好兵謀。", "glossSimp": "精良的兵器；一说以用兵为佳、喜好兵谋。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "佳兵", "formSimp": "佳兵", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 14, "id": "g002", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "不祥", "headwordSimp": "不祥", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "不吉善、有凶災。", "glossSimp": "不吉善、有凶灾。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "不祥", "formSimp": "不祥", "kind": "headword", "count": 2, "sentenceIds": [ "s001", "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001", "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 2 }, { "order": 15, "id": "g003", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "物或惡之", "headwordSimp": "物或恶之", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "人們或許厭惡它。或，有也；惡，厭惡。", "glossSimp": "人们或许厌恶它。或，有也；恶，厌恶。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "物或惡之", "formSimp": "物或恶之", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 16, "id": "g004", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "貴左", "headwordSimp": "贵左", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "以左為貴。左為陽、主生；右為陰、主殺。", "glossSimp": "以左为贵。左为阳、主生；右为阴、主杀。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "貴左", "formSimp": "贵左", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 17, "id": "g005", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "恬澹", "headwordSimp": "恬澹", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "安靜淡泊，不貪功利。", "glossSimp": "安静淡泊，不贪功利。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "恬澹", "formSimp": "恬澹", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 18, "id": "g006", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "勝而不美", "headwordSimp": "胜而不美", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "戰勝而不自以為美。美，以之為美、誇耀。", "glossSimp": "战胜而不自以为美。美，以之为美、夸耀。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "勝而不美", "formSimp": "胜而不美", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 19, "id": "g007", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "樂殺人", "headwordSimp": "乐杀人", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "喜歡殺人。樂，喜好。", "glossSimp": "喜欢杀人。乐，喜好。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "樂殺人", "formSimp": "乐杀人", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 20, "id": "g008", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "得志於天下", "headwordSimp": "得志于天下", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "在天下實現志願、得遂其欲。", "glossSimp": "在天下实现志愿、得遂其欲。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "得志於天下", "formSimp": "得志于天下", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 21, "id": "g009", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "尚左", "headwordSimp": "尚左", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "以左為上、崇尚左位。", "glossSimp": "以左为上、崇尚左位。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "尚左", "formSimp": "尚左", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s005" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s005" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 22, "id": "g010", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "偏將軍", "headwordSimp": "偏将军", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "副將，佐助主將者。", "glossSimp": "副将，佐助主将者。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "偏將軍", "formSimp": "偏将军", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s005" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s005" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 23, "id": "g011", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "上將軍", "headwordSimp": "上将军", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "主將，專殺、主兵謀者。", "glossSimp": "主将，专杀、主兵谋者。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "上將軍", "formSimp": "上将军", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s005" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s005" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 24, "id": "g012", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "喪禮", "headwordSimp": "丧礼", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "喪葬之禮；此喻以哀戚之心處用兵之事。", "glossSimp": "丧葬之礼；此喻以哀戚之心处用兵之事。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "喪禮", "formSimp": "丧礼", "kind": "headword", "count": 2, "sentenceIds": [ "s005", "s006" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s005", "s006" ], "occurrenceCount": 2 }, { "order": 25, "id": "g013", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s006", "headword": "悲哀泣之", "headwordSimp": "悲哀泣之", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "以悲哀哭泣。泣，哭也。", "glossSimp": "以悲哀哭泣。泣，哭也。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "悲哀泣之", "formSimp": "悲哀泣之", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s006" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s006" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 26, "id": "g014", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "偃武", "headwordSimp": "偃武", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "河上公本章章題，謂偃息武力、不以兵强天下。", "glossSimp": "河上公本章章题，谓偃息武力、不以兵强天下。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "偃武", "formSimp": "偃武", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 27, "id": "g015", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "夫佳兵章", "headwordSimp": "夫佳兵章", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "唐玄宗本章章題。", "glossSimp": "唐玄宗本章章题。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "夫佳兵章", "formSimp": "夫佳兵章", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 } ] }, "relations": { "version": "1.0.0", "note": "第三十一章六句的十二家對照。王弼此章注已闕，僅存經文，故不列王弼注；嚴遵《指歸》道經原卷缺佚，此章僅《玄德纂疏》存輯文一句；俞樾《諸子平議》此章亦未列。河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮逐句或分段分疏，蘇轍僅注首句，吳澄分段作注；陸希聲、呂惠卿、憨山、魏源、王夫之各以整章一段通釋。諸家釋「佳兵」有精良兵器、以用兵為佳、佳麗、佳尚兵謀之別，釋「不祥」有驚精神濁和氣、凶荒之具、不善之材器、亡國失人之患之別，釋「貴左貴右」有左陽右陰、主生主殺、尚生長、貴柔弱貴剛强之別，釋「恬澹」有無為、靜、不貪土地、心和平之別，釋「勝而不美」有哀其人、慚德薄、不戰屈人之別，釋「樂殺人」有喜樂殺人、愛樂干戈、人亦殺之天亦殺之之別，釋「喪禮處之」有喪禮尚右、以死喪之禮安處、素服主喪之別；大旨歸於兵為凶器、不得已而用之、勝而不美。", "concepts": [ { "id": "fu-jia-bing-zhe", "name": "夫佳兵者，不祥之器，物或惡之，故有道者不處", "nameTrad": "夫佳兵者，不祥之器，物或惡之，故有道者不處", "question": "「佳兵」何以是「不祥之器」？「有道者不處」是不用兵，還是不以兵自處？", "questionTrad": "「佳兵」何以是「不祥之器」？「有道者不處」是不用兵，還是不以兵自處？", "intro": "河上公以兵者驚精神、濁和氣，為不善人之器，不當修飾；兵動有所害，萬物無不惡之，有道之人不處其國。成玄英以佳麗釋佳，謂霜戈寶劍乃凶荒之具，內解則三毒六根之兵；一切人物畏兵惡貪，故有道行人不處心於兵戈貪欲。唐玄宗御注以佳為好、兵為謀略，攻取殺伐為不善之材器；御疏申以藏器俟時、遊心道德，兵謀不過輔助。李榮以精飾為佳，兵動有亡國失人之患；存者人之所愛，亡者物之所惡，故有道之主不處好兵。陸希聲以佳尚兵謀之人非祥善之材器，凡物猶或惡其意，有道者豈可安其事。呂惠卿以文覿武匿為天地之道、陰陽之理，兵而佳之是器之不祥。蘇轍以濟難而不以為常釋「不處」。吳澄以佳為嘉之，不祥謂無吉慶而有凶災，不處謂不肯以此處身。憨山以佳兵為用兵之最精巧者，兵益佳而禍益深；古今善用兵者多不得其死、多無後。魏源考古佳字無訓美者，王石臞謂佳乃「夫惟」之誤，傅奕本作「美兵」。諸家皆以兵為凶器，以不處為有道者的基本態度。", "introTrad": "河上公以兵者驚精神、濁和氣，為不善人之器，不當修飾；兵動有所害，萬物無不惡之，有道之人不處其國。成玄英以佳麗釋佳，謂霜戈寶劍乃凶荒之具，內解則三毒六根之兵；一切人物畏兵惡貪，故有道行人不處心於兵戈貪欲。唐玄宗御注以佳為好、兵為謀略，攻取殺伐為不善之材器；御疏申以藏器俟時、遊心道德，兵謀不過輔助。李榮以精飾為佳，兵動有亡國失人之患；存者人之所愛，亡者物之所惡，故有道之主不處好兵。陸希聲以佳尚兵謀之人非祥善之材器，凡物猶或惡其意，有道者豈可安其事。呂惠卿以文覿武匿為天地之道、陰陽之理，兵而佳之是器之不祥。蘇轍以濟難而不以為常釋「不處」。吳澄以佳為嘉之，不祥謂無吉慶而有凶災，不處謂不肯以此處身。憨山以佳兵為用兵之最精巧者，兵益佳而禍益深；古今善用兵者多不得其死、多無後。魏源考古佳字無訓美者，王石臞謂佳乃「夫惟」之誤，傅奕本作「美兵」。諸家皆以兵為凶器，以不處為有道者的基本態度。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "兵者驚精神、濁和氣，不善人之器；有道之人不處其國。", "thesisTrad": "兵者驚精神、濁和氣，不善人之器；有道之人不處其國。", "noteIds": [ "c001", "c002" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "兵者惊精神、浊和气，不善人之器；有道之人不处其国。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "佳麗之兵乃凶荒之具，內解為三毒六根之兵；有道行人不處心於兵戈貪欲。", "thesisTrad": "佳麗之兵乃凶荒之具，內解為三毒六根之兵；有道行人不處心於兵戈貪欲。", "noteIds": [ "c011", "c012" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "佳丽之兵乃凶荒之具，内解为三毒六根之兵；有道行人不处心于兵戈贪欲。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "佳為好、兵為謀略，攻取殺伐為不善之材器；有道之人不處身於此。", "thesisTrad": "佳為好、兵為謀略，攻取殺伐為不善之材器；有道之人不處身於此。", "noteIds": [ "c020", "c021", "c022" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "佳为好、兵为谋略，攻取杀伐为不善之材器；有道之人不处身于此。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "精飾為佳，兵動有亡國失人之患，故有道之主不處好兵。", "thesisTrad": "精飾為佳，兵動有亡國失人之患，故有道之主不處好兵。", "noteIds": [ "c040" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "精饰为佳，兵动有亡国失人之患，故有道之主不处好兵。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "佳尚兵謀之人非祥善之材器，有道者豈可安其事。", "thesisTrad": "佳尚兵謀之人非祥善之材器，有道者豈可安其事。", "noteIds": [ "c047" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "佳尚兵谋之人非祥善之材器，有道者岂可安其事。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "文覿武匿為天地之道、陰陽之理；兵而佳之是器之不祥。", "thesisTrad": "文覿武匿為天地之道、陰陽之理；兵而佳之是器之不祥。", "noteIds": [ "c053" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "文觌武匿为天地之道、阴阳之理；兵而佳之是器之不祥。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "以之濟難而不以為常，是謂不處。", "thesisTrad": "以之濟難而不以為常，是謂不處。", "noteIds": [ "c059" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "以之济难而不以为常，是谓不处。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "佳為嘉之，不祥謂無吉慶而有凶災，不處謂不肯以此處身。", "thesisTrad": "佳為嘉之，不祥謂無吉慶而有凶災，不處謂不肯以此處身。", "noteIds": [ "c060" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "佳为嘉之，不祥谓无吉庆而有凶灾，不处谓不肯以此处身。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "佳兵為用兵之最精巧者，兵益佳而禍益深；有道者與有仁心者皆不處。", "thesisTrad": "佳兵為用兵之最精巧者，兵益佳而禍益深；有道者與有仁心者皆不處。", "noteIds": [ "c066" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "佳兵为用兵之最精巧者，兵益佳而祸益深；有道者与有仁心者皆不处。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "古佳字無訓美者，佳乃「夫惟」之誤；漢人已有「佳兵不祥」之語。", "thesisTrad": "古佳字無訓美者，佳乃「夫惟」之誤；漢人已有「佳兵不祥」之語。", "noteIds": [ "c070" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "古佳字无训美者，佳乃「夫惟」之误；汉人已有「佳兵不祥」之语。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c001", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公以「驚精神、濁和氣」立訓，把兵之不祥落在對人身的損害上。", "textTrad": "河上公以「驚精神、濁和氣」立訓，把兵之不祥落在對人身的損害上。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公以「惊精神、浊和气」立训，把兵之不祥落在对人身的损害上。" }, { "noteId": "c011", "relation": "轉深", "relationTrad": "轉深", "text": "成玄英由外用之兵轉入內解，以三毒六根為兵，把「不處」變成修行上的不處心。", "textTrad": "成玄英由外用之兵轉入內解，以三毒六根為兵，把「不處」變成修行上的不處心。", "relationSimp": "转深", "textSimp": "成玄英由外用之兵转入内解，以三毒六根为兵，把「不处」变成修行上的不处心。" }, { "noteId": "c070", "relation": "別解", "relationTrad": "別解", "text": "魏源從校勘入手，考「佳」字無訓美者，引王石臞「夫惟」之誤說，並存漢人「佳兵不祥」之語。", "textTrad": "魏源從校勘入手，考「佳」字無訓美者，引王石臞「夫惟」之誤說，並存漢人「佳兵不祥」之語。", "relationSimp": "别解", "textSimp": "魏源从校勘入手，考「佳」字无训美者，引王石臞「夫惟」之误说，并存汉人「佳兵不祥」之语。" } ], "nameSimp": "夫佳兵者，不祥之器，物或恶之，故有道者不处", "questionSimp": "「佳兵」何以是「不祥之器」？「有道者不处」是不用兵，还是不以兵自处？", "introSimp": "河上公以兵者惊精神、浊和气，为不善人之器，不当修饰；兵动有所害，万物无不恶之，有道之人不处其国。成玄英以佳丽释佳，谓霜戈宝剑乃凶荒之具，内解则三毒六根之兵；一切人物畏兵恶贪，故有道行人不处心于兵戈贪欲。唐玄宗御注以佳为好、兵为谋略，攻取杀伐为不善之材器；御疏申以藏器俟时、游心道德，兵谋不过辅助。李荣以精饰为佳，兵动有亡国失人之患；存者人之所爱，亡者物之所恶，故有道之主不处好兵。陆希声以佳尚兵谋之人非祥善之材器，凡物犹或恶其意，有道者岂可安其事。吕惠卿以文觌武匿为天地之道、阴阳之理，兵而佳之是器之不祥。苏辙以济难而不以为常释「不处」。吴澄以佳为嘉之，不祥谓无吉庆而有凶灾，不处谓不肯以此处身。憨山以佳兵为用兵之最精巧者，兵益佳而祸益深；古今善用兵者多不得其死、多无后。魏源考古佳字无训美者，王石臞谓佳乃「夫惟」之误，傅奕本作「美兵」。诸家皆以兵为凶器，以不处为有道者的基本态度。" }, { "id": "jun-zi-gui-zuo", "name": "君子居則貴左，用兵則貴右", "nameTrad": "君子居則貴左，用兵則貴右", "question": "平居貴左、用兵貴右，為甚麼？左右與陰陽生死有何關係？", "questionTrad": "平居貴左、用兵貴右，為甚麼？左右與陰陽生死有何關係？", "intro": "河上公以貴左為貴柔弱、貴右為貴剛强，兵道與君子道反，所貴者異。成玄英以左陽主吉主生、右陰主凶主殺，君子平居貴左用文、荒亂貴右用武，喻行人實智貴長生、權智有時而殺。唐玄宗御注以左陽發生、右陰肅殺，御疏以陽好生、陰好殺。嚴遵謂君子為有土之君，貴左者尚生長。李榮以經天曰文、止戈為武，平居好生以左為重、行兵主殺以右為貴。陸希聲以天地之道左陽右陰，陽主德主生、陰主刑主殺，故有德者居左、有勇者為右。吳澄謂不處平日所貴之位而處所不貴之位。憨山以右乃凶地，由是知兵為不祥之器。魏源以左為陽為生、右為陰為死，故吉凶異尚。諸家皆以左右配陰陽生死，以用兵貴右明兵之凶。", "introTrad": "河上公以貴左為貴柔弱、貴右為貴剛强，兵道與君子道反，所貴者異。成玄英以左陽主吉主生、右陰主凶主殺，君子平居貴左用文、荒亂貴右用武，喻行人實智貴長生、權智有時而殺。唐玄宗御注以左陽發生、右陰肅殺，御疏以陽好生、陰好殺。嚴遵謂君子為有土之君，貴左者尚生長。李榮以經天曰文、止戈為武，平居好生以左為重、行兵主殺以右為貴。陸希聲以天地之道左陽右陰，陽主德主生、陰主刑主殺，故有德者居左、有勇者為右。吳澄謂不處平日所貴之位而處所不貴之位。憨山以右乃凶地，由是知兵為不祥之器。魏源以左為陽為生、右為陰為死，故吉凶異尚。諸家皆以左右配陰陽生死，以用兵貴右明兵之凶。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "貴左為貴柔弱，貴右為貴剛强；兵道與君子道反。", "thesisTrad": "貴左為貴柔弱，貴右為貴剛强；兵道與君子道反。", "noteIds": [ "c003" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "贵左为贵柔弱，贵右为贵刚强；兵道与君子道反。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "左陽主生、右陰主殺，平居貴左用文、荒亂貴右用武；喻實智貴長生、權智有時而殺。", "thesisTrad": "左陽主生、右陰主殺，平居貴左用文、荒亂貴右用武；喻實智貴長生、權智有時而殺。", "noteIds": [ "c013" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "左阳主生、右阴主杀，平居贵左用文、荒乱贵右用武；喻实智贵长生、权智有时而杀。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "左陽發生故平居所貴，右陰肅殺故用兵所貴。", "thesisTrad": "左陽發生故平居所貴，右陰肅殺故用兵所貴。", "noteIds": [ "c023", "c024" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "左阳发生故平居所贵，右阴肃杀故用兵所贵。" }, "yanzun": { "workType": "輯文", "workTypeTrad": "輯文", "thesis": "君子為有土之君；貴左者，尚生長也。", "thesisTrad": "君子為有土之君；貴左者，尚生長也。", "noteIds": [ "c039" ], "workTypeSimp": "辑文", "thesisSimp": "君子为有土之君；贵左者，尚生长也。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "經天曰文、止戈為武；平居好生以左為重，行兵主殺以右為貴。", "thesisTrad": "經天曰文、止戈為武；平居好生以左為重，行兵主殺以右為貴。", "noteIds": [ "c041" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "经天曰文、止戈为武；平居好生以左为重，行兵主杀以右为贵。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "左陽右陰，陽主德生、陰主刑殺；有德者居左，有勇者為右。", "thesisTrad": "左陽右陰，陽主德生、陰主刑殺；有德者居左，有勇者為右。", "noteIds": [ "c048" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "左阳右阴，阳主德生、阴主刑杀；有德者居左，有勇者为右。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "君子所貴異乎平居，固以不祥之器處之，非君子之器。", "thesisTrad": "君子所貴異乎平居，固以不祥之器處之，非君子之器。", "noteIds": [ "c054" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "君子所贵异乎平居，固以不祥之器处之，非君子之器。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "不處平日所貴之位，而處所不貴之位。", "thesisTrad": "不處平日所貴之位，而處所不貴之位。", "noteIds": [ "c061" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "不处平日所贵之位，而处所不贵之位。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "右乃凶地，由是知兵為不祥之器、非君子之器。", "thesisTrad": "右乃凶地，由是知兵為不祥之器、非君子之器。", "noteIds": [ "c067" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "右乃凶地，由是知兵为不祥之器、非君子之器。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "左為陽為生，右為陰為死，故吉凶異尚。", "thesisTrad": "左為陽為生，右為陰為死，故吉凶異尚。", "noteIds": [ "c071" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "左为阳为生，右为阴为死，故吉凶异尚。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c003", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公以柔弱、剛强分左右，指出兵道與君子道相反。", "textTrad": "河上公以柔弱、剛强分左右，指出兵道與君子道相反。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公以柔弱、刚强分左右，指出兵道与君子道相反。" }, { "noteId": "c039", "relation": "輯文", "relationTrad": "輯文", "text": "嚴遵僅存的一句輯文以「尚生長」釋貴左，保存了漢代舊說。", "textTrad": "嚴遵僅存的一句輯文以「尚生長」釋貴左，保存了漢代舊說。", "relationSimp": "辑文", "textSimp": "严遵仅存的一句辑文以「尚生长」释贵左，保存了汉代旧说。" }, { "noteId": "c048", "relation": "申說", "relationTrad": "申說", "text": "陸希聲把左陽右陰落到德生、刑殺，並以有德者、有勇者分居左右。", "textTrad": "陸希聲把左陽右陰落到德生、刑殺，並以有德者、有勇者分居左右。", "relationSimp": "申说", "textSimp": "陆希声把左阳右阴落到德生、刑杀，并以有德者、有勇者分居左右。" } ], "nameSimp": "君子居则贵左，用兵则贵右", "questionSimp": "平居贵左、用兵贵右，为甚么？左右与阴阳生死有何关系？", "introSimp": "河上公以贵左为贵柔弱、贵右为贵刚强，兵道与君子道反，所贵者异。成玄英以左阳主吉主生、右阴主凶主杀，君子平居贵左用文、荒乱贵右用武，喻行人实智贵长生、权智有时而杀。唐玄宗御注以左阳发生、右阴肃杀，御疏以阳好生、阴好杀。严遵谓君子为有土之君，贵左者尚生长。李荣以经天曰文、止戈为武，平居好生以左为重、行兵主杀以右为贵。陆希声以天地之道左阳右阴，阳主德主生、阴主刑主杀，故有德者居左、有勇者为右。吴澄谓不处平日所贵之位而处所不贵之位。憨山以右乃凶地，由是知兵为不祥之器。魏源以左为阳为生、右为阴为死，故吉凶异尚。诸家皆以左右配阴阳生死，以用兵贵右明兵之凶。" }, { "id": "bing-zhe-bu-xiang-zhi-qi", "name": "兵者不祥之器，非君子之器，不得已而用之，恬澹為上", "nameTrad": "兵者不祥之器，非君子之器，不得已而用之，恬澹為上", "question": "既說「非君子之器」，又說「不得已而用之」，兩者如何並存？「恬澹為上」是何境界？", "questionTrad": "既說「非君子之器」，又說「不得已而用之」，兩者如何並存？「恬澹為上」是何境界？", "intro": "河上公以兵革為不善之器、非君子所貴重器；澹為上，不貪土地、利人財寶。成玄英以兵為不祥之器、非君子善人之器，必須夷凶拯難，不得已而用之，權智亦爾；恬澹無為，雖用兵而不以為美，喻修行人以實道為上、應不離真。唐玄宗御注以好兵尚殺故不為善之材器，君子以道德為材器、不貴兵謀；戎狄內侵故不得已，善勝不爭是恬澹為上。御疏以文德為理代之器、兵謀不過輔助，四夷來侵當示恩惠、緩道德。李榮以兵為爪牙所司、非元首器用；恬澹靜也，有征無戰。陸希聲以兵者不祥之器用、非君子之器用，不得已而用之，以恬於見利、淡於欲勝為上。呂惠卿以不得已而用、恬淡為上，故勝而不美。吳澄以恬者不歡愉、淡者不濃厚。憨山以恬淡者心和平、不以功利為美。魏源以恬者不歡愉、憺者不釀厚。諸家皆以「不得已」限定用兵，以「恬澹」規定用兵之心。", "introTrad": "河上公以兵革為不善之器、非君子所貴重器；澹為上，不貪土地、利人財寶。成玄英以兵為不祥之器、非君子善人之器，必須夷凶拯難，不得已而用之，權智亦爾；恬澹無為，雖用兵而不以為美，喻修行人以實道為上、應不離真。唐玄宗御注以好兵尚殺故不為善之材器，君子以道德為材器、不貴兵謀；戎狄內侵故不得已，善勝不爭是恬澹為上。御疏以文德為理代之器、兵謀不過輔助，四夷來侵當示恩惠、緩道德。李榮以兵為爪牙所司、非元首器用；恬澹靜也，有征無戰。陸希聲以兵者不祥之器用、非君子之器用，不得已而用之，以恬於見利、淡於欲勝為上。呂惠卿以不得已而用、恬淡為上，故勝而不美。吳澄以恬者不歡愉、淡者不濃厚。憨山以恬淡者心和平、不以功利為美。魏源以恬者不歡愉、憺者不釀厚。諸家皆以「不得已」限定用兵，以「恬澹」規定用兵之心。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "兵革為不善之器、非君子所貴重器；澹為上，不貪土地、利人財寶。", "thesisTrad": "兵革為不善之器、非君子所貴重器；澹為上，不貪土地、利人財寶。", "noteIds": [ "c004", "c005", "c006" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "兵革为不善之器、非君子所贵重器；澹为上，不贪土地、利人财宝。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "兵非君子善人之器，必須夷凶拯難、不得已而用之；恬澹無為，雖用兵而不以為美。", "thesisTrad": "兵非君子善人之器，必須夷凶拯難、不得已而用之；恬澹無為，雖用兵而不以為美。", "noteIds": [ "c014", "c015" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "兵非君子善人之器，必须夷凶拯难、不得已而用之；恬澹无为，虽用兵而不以为美。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "好兵尚殺故非善材；戎狄內侵故不得已，善勝不爭是恬澹為上。", "thesisTrad": "好兵尚殺故非善材；戎狄內侵故不得已，善勝不爭是恬澹為上。", "noteIds": [ "c025", "c026", "c027", "c028", "c029" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "好兵尚杀故非善材；戎狄内侵故不得已，善胜不争是恬澹为上。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "兵為爪牙所司、非元首器用；恬澹靜也，有征無戰。", "thesisTrad": "兵為爪牙所司、非元首器用；恬澹靜也，有征無戰。", "noteIds": [ "c042", "c043" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "兵为爪牙所司、非元首器用；恬澹静也，有征无战。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "兵者不祥之器用，不得已而用之；以恬於見利、淡於欲勝為上。", "thesisTrad": "兵者不祥之器用，不得已而用之；以恬於見利、淡於欲勝為上。", "noteIds": [ "c049" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "兵者不祥之器用，不得已而用之；以恬于见利、淡于欲胜为上。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "不得已而用，恬淡為上，故勝而不美。", "thesisTrad": "不得已而用，恬淡為上，故勝而不美。", "noteIds": [ "c054", "c055" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "不得已而用，恬淡为上，故胜而不美。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "兵為凶災之器；恬者不歡愉、淡者不濃厚，不好用兵乃為可尚。", "thesisTrad": "兵為凶災之器；恬者不歡愉、淡者不濃厚，不好用兵乃為可尚。", "noteIds": [ "c062" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "兵为凶灾之器；恬者不欢愉、淡者不浓厚，不好用兵乃为可尚。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "兵為不祥之器；不得已而用，當以恬淡為上，心和平而不以功利為美。", "thesisTrad": "兵為不祥之器；不得已而用，當以恬淡為上，心和平而不以功利為美。", "noteIds": [ "c067" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "兵为不祥之器；不得已而用，当以恬淡为上，心和平而不以功利为美。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "恬者不歡愉，憺者不釀厚，謂非其心之所喜好。", "thesisTrad": "恬者不歡愉，憺者不釀厚，謂非其心之所喜好。", "noteIds": [ "c072" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "恬者不欢愉，憺者不酿厚，谓非其心之所喜好。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c005", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公以「非君子所貴重器」立訓，先把兵排除在君子之器以外。", "textTrad": "河上公以「非君子所貴重器」立訓，先把兵排除在君子之器以外。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公以「非君子所贵重器」立训，先把兵排除在君子之器以外。" }, { "noteId": "c028", "relation": "轉進", "relationTrad": "轉進", "text": "唐玄宗御注以「戎狄內侵」限定不得已，把用兵收在防禦邊患之內。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗御注以「戎狄內侵」限定不得已，把用兵收在防禦邊患之內。", "relationSimp": "转进", "textSimp": "唐玄宗御注以「戎狄内侵」限定不得已，把用兵收在防御边患之内。" }, { "noteId": "c015", "relation": "轉深", "relationTrad": "轉深", "text": "成玄英以「恬澹無為」把用兵之心提升到與道相應的層次，並以權智、實道作結。", "textTrad": "成玄英以「恬澹無為」把用兵之心提升到與道相應的層次，並以權智、實道作結。", "relationSimp": "转深", "textSimp": "成玄英以「恬澹无为」把用兵之心提升到与道相应的层次，并以权智、实道作结。" } ], "nameSimp": "兵者不祥之器，非君子之器，不得已而用之，恬澹为上", "questionSimp": "既说「非君子之器」，又说「不得已而用之」，两者如何并存？「恬澹为上」是何境界？", "introSimp": "河上公以兵革为不善之器、非君子所贵重器；澹为上，不贪土地、利人财宝。成玄英以兵为不祥之器、非君子善人之器，必须夷凶拯难，不得已而用之，权智亦尔；恬澹无为，虽用兵而不以为美，喻修行人以实道为上、应不离真。唐玄宗御注以好兵尚杀故不为善之材器，君子以道德为材器、不贵兵谋；戎狄内侵故不得已，善胜不争是恬澹为上。御疏以文德为理代之器、兵谋不过辅助，四夷来侵当示恩惠、缓道德。李荣以兵为爪牙所司、非元首器用；恬澹静也，有征无战。陆希声以兵者不祥之器用、非君子之器用，不得已而用之，以恬于见利、淡于欲胜为上。吕惠卿以不得已而用、恬淡为上，故胜而不美。吴澄以恬者不欢愉、淡者不浓厚。憨山以恬淡者心和平、不以功利为美。魏源以恬者不欢愉、憺者不酿厚。诸家皆以「不得已」限定用兵，以「恬澹」规定用兵之心。" }, { "id": "sheng-er-bu-mei", "name": "勝而不美，而美之者，是樂殺人；夫樂殺人者，則不可以得志於天下矣", "nameTrad": "勝而不美，而美之者，是樂殺人；夫樂殺人者，則不可以得志於天下矣", "question": "為甚麼「以勝為美」等同「樂殺人」？「不可以得志於天下」是因果報應還是人心向背？", "questionTrad": "為甚麼「以勝為美」等同「樂殺人」？「不可以得志於天下」是因果報應還是人心向背？", "intro": "河上公以雖得勝不以爲利美，美得勝者是為喜樂殺人；為人君而樂殺人者不可使得志於天下，為人主當專制人命、不妄行刑誅。成玄英以若美必樂之，若以佳兵為美即是愛樂干戈，樂殺之夫天下共疾讎。唐玄宗御注以制勝必哀其人，樂多殺人人必不附；御疏以雖克勝猶慚德薄，貪殘之人人必不附。李榮以君者人之父母，美兵好殺非謂養人。陸希聲以善在不戰而屈人，樂殺人者人亦殺之、天亦殺之，若使樂殺人者得志於天下則天下之人幾盡。呂惠卿以天將救之以慈衛之，美之則是樂殺人。吳澄以以戰勝為美事是以殺人為樂，要終而言之以示戒。憨山以甘心樂於殺人者必不可使得志於天下，若使此輩得志將為殘害而無涯量。諸家皆以「美勝」為「樂殺人」的證據，以人心不附、天道不助說「不可以得志」。", "introTrad": "河上公以雖得勝不以爲利美，美得勝者是為喜樂殺人；為人君而樂殺人者不可使得志於天下，為人主當專制人命、不妄行刑誅。成玄英以若美必樂之，若以佳兵為美即是愛樂干戈，樂殺之夫天下共疾讎。唐玄宗御注以制勝必哀其人，樂多殺人人必不附；御疏以雖克勝猶慚德薄，貪殘之人人必不附。李榮以君者人之父母，美兵好殺非謂養人。陸希聲以善在不戰而屈人，樂殺人者人亦殺之、天亦殺之，若使樂殺人者得志於天下則天下之人幾盡。呂惠卿以天將救之以慈衛之，美之則是樂殺人。吳澄以以戰勝為美事是以殺人為樂，要終而言之以示戒。憨山以甘心樂於殺人者必不可使得志於天下，若使此輩得志將為殘害而無涯量。諸家皆以「美勝」為「樂殺人」的證據，以人心不附、天道不助說「不可以得志」。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "雖得勝不以爲利美；美得勝者是為喜樂殺人，不可使得志於天下。", "thesisTrad": "雖得勝不以爲利美；美得勝者是為喜樂殺人，不可使得志於天下。", "noteIds": [ "c007" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "虽得胜不以为利美；美得胜者是为喜乐杀人，不可使得志于天下。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "若美必樂之，以佳兵為美即是愛樂干戈；樂殺之夫天下共疾讎。", "thesisTrad": "若美必樂之，以佳兵為美即是愛樂干戈；樂殺之夫天下共疾讎。", "noteIds": [ "c016" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "若美必乐之，以佳兵为美即是爱乐干戈；乐杀之夫天下共疾雠。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "制勝必哀其人，不以爲美；樂多殺人人必不附。", "thesisTrad": "制勝必哀其人，不以爲美；樂多殺人人必不附。", "noteIds": [ "c030", "c031" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "制胜必哀其人，不以为美；乐多杀人人必不附。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "君者人之父母；美兵好殺，非謂養人。", "thesisTrad": "君者人之父母；美兵好殺，非謂養人。", "noteIds": [ "c044" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "君者人之父母；美兵好杀，非谓养人。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "善在不戰而屈人；樂殺人者人亦殺之、天亦殺之。", "thesisTrad": "善在不戰而屈人；樂殺人者人亦殺之、天亦殺之。", "noteIds": [ "c050" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "善在不战而屈人；乐杀人者人亦杀之、天亦杀之。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "天將救之以慈衛之；美之則是樂殺人。", "thesisTrad": "天將救之以慈衛之；美之則是樂殺人。", "noteIds": [ "c055", "c056" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "天将救之以慈卫之；美之则是乐杀人。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "以戰勝為美事，是以殺人為樂；要終而言之，以示戒。", "thesisTrad": "以戰勝為美事，是以殺人為樂；要終而言之，以示戒。", "noteIds": [ "c063" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "以战胜为美事，是以杀人为乐；要终而言之，以示戒。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "以勝為美者甘心樂於殺人，必不可使得志於天下。", "thesisTrad": "以勝為美者甘心樂於殺人，必不可使得志於天下。", "noteIds": [ "c068" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "以胜为美者甘心乐于杀人，必不可使得志于天下。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c007", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公以「美得勝者是為喜樂殺人」立訓，把審美態度直接連到殺心。", "textTrad": "河上公以「美得勝者是為喜樂殺人」立訓，把審美態度直接連到殺心。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公以「美得胜者是为喜乐杀人」立训，把审美态度直接连到杀心。" }, { "noteId": "c050", "relation": "轉深", "relationTrad": "轉深", "text": "陸希聲以「人亦殺之、天亦殺之」申說，把「不可得志」推成天人共棄。", "textTrad": "陸希聲以「人亦殺之、天亦殺之」申說，把「不可得志」推成天人共棄。", "relationSimp": "转深", "textSimp": "陆希声以「人亦杀之、天亦杀之」申说，把「不可得志」推成天人共弃。" }, { "noteId": "c030", "relation": "別解", "relationTrad": "別解", "text": "唐玄宗御注從人心向背立說：樂多殺人則人必不附，欲求得志亦難。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗御注從人心向背立說：樂多殺人則人必不附，欲求得志亦難。", "relationSimp": "别解", "textSimp": "唐玄宗御注从人心向背立说：乐多杀人则人必不附，欲求得志亦难。" } ], "nameSimp": "胜而不美，而美之者，是乐杀人；夫乐杀人者，则不可以得志于天下矣", "questionSimp": "为甚么「以胜为美」等同「乐杀人」？「不可以得志于天下」是因果报应还是人心向背？", "introSimp": "河上公以虽得胜不以为利美，美得胜者是为喜乐杀人；为人君而乐杀人者不可使得志于天下，为人主当专制人命、不妄行刑诛。成玄英以若美必乐之，若以佳兵为美即是爱乐干戈，乐杀之夫天下共疾雠。唐玄宗御注以制胜必哀其人，乐多杀人人必不附；御疏以虽克胜犹惭德薄，贪残之人人必不附。李荣以君者人之父母，美兵好杀非谓养人。陆希声以善在不战而屈人，乐杀人者人亦杀之、天亦杀之，若使乐杀人者得志于天下则天下之人几尽。吕惠卿以天将救之以慈卫之，美之则是乐杀人。吴澄以以战胜为美事是以杀人为乐，要终而言之以示戒。憨山以甘心乐于杀人者必不可使得志于天下，若使此辈得志将为残害而无涯量。诸家皆以「美胜」为「乐杀人」的证据，以人心不附、天道不助说「不可以得志」。" }, { "id": "ji-shi-shang-zuo", "name": "吉事尚左，凶事尚右；偏將軍居左，上將軍居右，言以喪禮處之", "nameTrad": "吉事尚左，凶事尚右；偏將軍居左，上將軍居右，言以喪禮處之", "question": "為甚麼上將軍反而居右？「以喪禮處之」是古禮，還是老子的比喻？", "questionTrad": "為甚麼上將軍反而居右？「以喪禮處之」是古禮，還是老子的比喻？", "intro": "河上公以吉事尚左為吉生位、凶事尚右為陰道殺人；偏將軍卑而居陽者以其不專殺，上將軍尊故居右、其主殺。成玄英以左是吉位、右是喪位，偏小之將居左、上大將軍處右，欲明雖復專命即以死喪之禮安處之。唐玄宗御注以偏將軍卑處左不專殺、上將軍尊處右主兵謀，喪禮尚右故上將軍居右；御疏引《檀弓》拱而尚右之文，謂用兵之道同於喪禮，又謂諸注「古有斯禮」尋閱墳典無據，故不錄。李榮以陽道貴生所以吉、陰道貴殺故云凶，偏將副軍不當殺故居左、上將閫外行誅故居右。陸希聲以偏將軍兵之佐故居左、上將軍兵之主故居右，居上勢者尚右，是以喪禮處之。呂惠卿謂吉事尚左、凶事尚右，偏將軍處左、上將軍處右。吳澄謂此申言上文不處之意。憨山以右乃凶地、上將軍司殺之重，故居上勢者當以喪禮處之。魏源以左陽右陰故吉凶異尚。王夫之以與其以凶禮居功、何如以吉道處無功之地。諸家多就禮制立說，唐玄宗御疏則對「古有斯禮」提出疑義。", "introTrad": "河上公以吉事尚左為吉生位、凶事尚右為陰道殺人；偏將軍卑而居陽者以其不專殺，上將軍尊故居右、其主殺。成玄英以左是吉位、右是喪位，偏小之將居左、上大將軍處右，欲明雖復專命即以死喪之禮安處之。唐玄宗御注以偏將軍卑處左不專殺、上將軍尊處右主兵謀，喪禮尚右故上將軍居右；御疏引《檀弓》拱而尚右之文，謂用兵之道同於喪禮，又謂諸注「古有斯禮」尋閱墳典無據，故不錄。李榮以陽道貴生所以吉、陰道貴殺故云凶，偏將副軍不當殺故居左、上將閫外行誅故居右。陸希聲以偏將軍兵之佐故居左、上將軍兵之主故居右，居上勢者尚右，是以喪禮處之。呂惠卿謂吉事尚左、凶事尚右，偏將軍處左、上將軍處右。吳澄謂此申言上文不處之意。憨山以右乃凶地、上將軍司殺之重，故居上勢者當以喪禮處之。魏源以左陽右陰故吉凶異尚。王夫之以與其以凶禮居功、何如以吉道處無功之地。諸家多就禮制立說，唐玄宗御疏則對「古有斯禮」提出疑義。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "吉事尚左為吉生位，凶事尚右為陰道殺人；上將軍尊故居右、其主殺。", "thesisTrad": "吉事尚左為吉生位，凶事尚右為陰道殺人；上將軍尊故居右、其主殺。", "noteIds": [ "c008" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "吉事尚左为吉生位，凶事尚右为阴道杀人；上将军尊故居右、其主杀。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "左是吉位、右是喪位；偏小之將居左、上大將軍處右，以死喪之禮安處之。", "thesisTrad": "左是吉位、右是喪位；偏小之將居左、上大將軍處右，以死喪之禮安處之。", "noteIds": [ "c017" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "左是吉位、右是丧位；偏小之将居左、上大将军处右，以死丧之礼安处之。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "偏將軍卑處左不專殺，上將軍尊處右主兵謀；喪禮尚右故上將軍居右。", "thesisTrad": "偏將軍卑處左不專殺，上將軍尊處右主兵謀；喪禮尚右故上將軍居右。", "noteIds": [ "c032", "c033", "c034" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "偏将军卑处左不专杀，上将军尊处右主兵谋；丧礼尚右故上将军居右。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "陽道貴生所以吉、陰道貴殺故云凶；偏將不當殺故居左，上將閫外行誅故居右。", "thesisTrad": "陽道貴生所以吉、陰道貴殺故云凶；偏將不當殺故居左，上將閫外行誅故居右。", "noteIds": [ "c045" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "阳道贵生所以吉、阴道贵杀故云凶；偏将不当杀故居左，上将阃外行诛故居右。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "偏將軍兵之佐故居左，上將軍兵之主故居右；居上勢者尚右，是以喪禮處之。", "thesisTrad": "偏將軍兵之佐故居左，上將軍兵之主故居右；居上勢者尚右，是以喪禮處之。", "noteIds": [ "c051" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "偏将军兵之佐故居左，上将军兵之主故居右；居上势者尚右，是以丧礼处之。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "吉事尚左、凶事尚右，偏將軍處左、上將軍處右，言以喪禮處之。", "thesisTrad": "吉事尚左、凶事尚右，偏將軍處左、上將軍處右，言以喪禮處之。", "noteIds": [ "c057" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "吉事尚左、凶事尚右，偏将军处左、上将军处右，言以丧礼处之。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "此又申言上文不處之意。", "thesisTrad": "此又申言上文不處之意。", "noteIds": [ "c064" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "此又申言上文不处之意。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "右乃凶地、上將軍司殺之重，故居上勢者當以喪禮處之。", "thesisTrad": "右乃凶地、上將軍司殺之重，故居上勢者當以喪禮處之。", "noteIds": [ "c069" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "右乃凶地、上将军司杀之重，故居上势者当以丧礼处之。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "左為陽為生，右為陰為死，故吉凶異尚。", "thesisTrad": "左為陽為生，右為陰為死，故吉凶異尚。", "noteIds": [ "c071" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "左为阳为生，右为阴为死，故吉凶异尚。" }, "wangfuzhi": { "workType": "衍", "workTypeTrad": "衍", "thesis": "與其以凶禮居功，何如以吉道處無功之地；不能先機擇吉者，彼惡知禮意。", "thesisTrad": "與其以凶禮居功，何如以吉道處無功之地；不能先機擇吉者，彼惡知禮意。", "noteIds": [ "c074" ], "workTypeSimp": "衍", "thesisSimp": "与其以凶礼居功，何如以吉道处无功之地；不能先机择吉者，彼恶知礼意。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c008", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公以「吉生位」「陰道殺人」分釋尚左尚右，再以不專殺、主殺解偏、上將軍之位。", "textTrad": "河上公以「吉生位」「陰道殺人」分釋尚左尚右，再以不專殺、主殺解偏、上將軍之位。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公以「吉生位」「阴道杀人」分释尚左尚右，再以不专杀、主杀解偏、上将军之位。" }, { "noteId": "c033", "relation": "申說", "relationTrad": "申說", "text": "唐玄宗御疏引《檀弓》拱而尚右，證明喪禮尚右；又對諸注「古有斯禮」之說表示存疑。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗御疏引《檀弓》拱而尚右，證明喪禮尚右；又對諸注「古有斯禮」之說表示存疑。", "relationSimp": "申说", "textSimp": "唐玄宗御疏引《檀弓》拱而尚右，证明丧礼尚右；又对诸注「古有斯礼」之说表示存疑。" }, { "noteId": "c074", "relation": "別解", "relationTrad": "別解", "text": "王夫之從「忘之於先」立說，批評不能先機擇吉而徒以凶禮居功者。", "textTrad": "王夫之從「忘之於先」立說，批評不能先機擇吉而徒以凶禮居功者。", "relationSimp": "别解", "textSimp": "王夫之从「忘之于先」立说，批评不能先机择吉而徒以凶礼居功者。" } ], "nameSimp": "吉事尚左，凶事尚右；偏将军居左，上将军居右，言以丧礼处之", "questionSimp": "为甚么上将军反而居右？「以丧礼处之」是古礼，还是老子的比喻？", "introSimp": "河上公以吉事尚左为吉生位、凶事尚右为阴道杀人；偏将军卑而居阳者以其不专杀，上将军尊故居右、其主杀。成玄英以左是吉位、右是丧位，偏小之将居左、上大将军处右，欲明虽复专命即以死丧之礼安处之。唐玄宗御注以偏将军卑处左不专杀、上将军尊处右主兵谋，丧礼尚右故上将军居右；御疏引《檀弓》拱而尚右之文，谓用兵之道同于丧礼，又谓诸注「古有斯礼」寻阅坟典无据，故不录。李荣以阳道贵生所以吉、阴道贵杀故云凶，偏将副军不当杀故居左、上将阃外行诛故居右。陆希声以偏将军兵之佐故居左、上将军兵之主故居右，居上势者尚右，是以丧礼处之。吕惠卿谓吉事尚左、凶事尚右，偏将军处左、上将军处右。吴澄谓此申言上文不处之意。憨山以右乃凶地、上将军司杀之重，故居上势者当以丧礼处之。魏源以左阳右阴故吉凶异尚。王夫之以与其以凶礼居功、何如以吉道处无功之地。诸家多就礼制立说，唐玄宗御疏则对「古有斯礼」提出疑义。" }, { "id": "sha-ren-zhi-zhong", "name": "殺人之眾，以悲哀泣之；戰勝，以喪禮處之", "nameTrad": "殺人之眾，以悲哀泣之；戰勝，以喪禮處之", "question": "戰勝本應受賀，何以反以喪禮處之？「悲哀泣之」是儀式，還是人主之心？", "questionTrad": "戰勝本應受賀，何以反以喪禮處之？「悲哀泣之」是儀式，還是人主之心？", "intro": "河上公以傷己德薄、不能以道化人而害無辜之民；古者戰勝，將軍居喪主禮之位，素服而哭，明君子貴德賤兵，知後世用兵不已故悲痛之。成玄英以兵戈行處屠害必多，上將悲哀愍其傷害；戰勝不以爲善，素服而哭，仍以喪禮葬之，以明權劣實勝。唐玄宗御注以生靈之貴而交戰殺之，有惻仁心故以悲哀傷泣；戰勝受爵居右，尚右非吉，故以喪禮處之，亦何必縞素爲資。御疏以夫人惟邦本，交戰殺之故仁心惻隱；又謂諸注「古有斯禮」無據，秦伯向師而哭乃哀敗非戰勝。李榮以兵之所用義在救人，哀其失道、悲其過害；克敵之後將軍素服主喪行禮受弔。陸希聲以殺人多者必以悲哀泣之，是戰而勝者則以喪禮處之，再歎其辭以惡殺人之甚。呂惠卿以以喪禮處之則不美可知、以悲哀泣之則不樂殺人可知。吳澄謂此申言上文不美之意。魏源存晁說之、王雱之疑，謂王弼此章句已闕。王夫之以與其悲之於後、何如忘之於先。諸家皆以悲哀、喪禮為不忍殺人之心的外在表現。", "introTrad": "河上公以傷己德薄、不能以道化人而害無辜之民；古者戰勝，將軍居喪主禮之位，素服而哭，明君子貴德賤兵，知後世用兵不已故悲痛之。成玄英以兵戈行處屠害必多，上將悲哀愍其傷害；戰勝不以爲善，素服而哭，仍以喪禮葬之，以明權劣實勝。唐玄宗御注以生靈之貴而交戰殺之，有惻仁心故以悲哀傷泣；戰勝受爵居右，尚右非吉，故以喪禮處之，亦何必縞素爲資。御疏以夫人惟邦本，交戰殺之故仁心惻隱；又謂諸注「古有斯禮」無據，秦伯向師而哭乃哀敗非戰勝。李榮以兵之所用義在救人，哀其失道、悲其過害；克敵之後將軍素服主喪行禮受弔。陸希聲以殺人多者必以悲哀泣之，是戰而勝者則以喪禮處之，再歎其辭以惡殺人之甚。呂惠卿以以喪禮處之則不美可知、以悲哀泣之則不樂殺人可知。吳澄謂此申言上文不美之意。魏源存晁說之、王雱之疑，謂王弼此章句已闕。王夫之以與其悲之於後、何如忘之於先。諸家皆以悲哀、喪禮為不忍殺人之心的外在表現。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "傷己德薄不能化人而害無辜；戰勝當素服而哭，明貴德賤兵。", "thesisTrad": "傷己德薄不能化人而害無辜；戰勝當素服而哭，明貴德賤兵。", "noteIds": [ "c009", "c010" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "伤己德薄不能化人而害无辜；战胜当素服而哭，明贵德贱兵。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "兵戈屠害必多，上將悲哀；戰勝不以爲善，素服而哭，以明權劣實勝。", "thesisTrad": "兵戈屠害必多，上將悲哀；戰勝不以爲善，素服而哭，以明權劣實勝。", "noteIds": [ "c018", "c019" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "兵戈屠害必多，上将悲哀；战胜不以为善，素服而哭，以明权劣实胜。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "殺人有惻仁心故悲哀傷泣；戰勝受爵居右，尚右非吉，故以喪禮處之。", "thesisTrad": "殺人有惻仁心故悲哀傷泣；戰勝受爵居右，尚右非吉，故以喪禮處之。", "noteIds": [ "c035", "c036", "c037", "c038" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "杀人有恻仁心故悲哀伤泣；战胜受爵居右，尚右非吉，故以丧礼处之。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "兵義在救人，哀其失道、悲其過害；克敵後將軍素服主喪行禮受弔。", "thesisTrad": "兵義在救人，哀其失道、悲其過害；克敵後將軍素服主喪行禮受弔。", "noteIds": [ "c046" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "兵义在救人，哀其失道、悲其过害；克敌后将军素服主丧行礼受吊。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "殺人多者必以悲哀泣之；戰勝則以喪禮處之，再歎其辭以惡殺人之甚。", "thesisTrad": "殺人多者必以悲哀泣之；戰勝則以喪禮處之，再歎其辭以惡殺人之甚。", "noteIds": [ "c052" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "杀人多者必以悲哀泣之；战胜则以丧礼处之，再叹其辞以恶杀人之甚。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "以喪禮處之則不美可知，以悲哀泣之則不樂殺人可知。", "thesisTrad": "以喪禮處之則不美可知，以悲哀泣之則不樂殺人可知。", "noteIds": [ "c058" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "以丧礼处之则不美可知，以悲哀泣之则不乐杀人可知。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "此又申言上文不美之意。", "thesisTrad": "此又申言上文不美之意。", "noteIds": [ "c065" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "此又申言上文不美之意。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "殺人眾多當以悲哀泣之，戰勝亦當以喪禮處之；甚言不得已而用之。", "thesisTrad": "殺人眾多當以悲哀泣之，戰勝亦當以喪禮處之；甚言不得已而用之。", "noteIds": [ "c069" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "杀人众多当以悲哀泣之，战胜亦当以丧礼处之；甚言不得已而用之。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "存晁說之、王雱之疑，謂王弼此章句已闕，文句相沿已久，今並仍其舊。", "thesisTrad": "存晁說之、王雱之疑，謂王弼此章句已闕，文句相沿已久，今並仍其舊。", "noteIds": [ "c073" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "存晁说之、王雱之疑，谓王弼此章句已阙，文句相沿已久，今并仍其旧。" }, "wangfuzhi": { "workType": "衍", "workTypeTrad": "衍", "thesis": "與其悲之於後，何如忘之於先；不能先機擇吉者，彼惡知禮意。", "thesisTrad": "與其悲之於後，何如忘之於先；不能先機擇吉者，彼惡知禮意。", "noteIds": [ "c074" ], "workTypeSimp": "衍", "thesisSimp": "与其悲之于后，何如忘之于先；不能先机择吉者，彼恶知礼意。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c009", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公以「傷己德薄」立訓，把悲哀收歸人主自責，而非哀悼敵國死者。", "textTrad": "河上公以「傷己德薄」立訓，把悲哀收歸人主自責，而非哀悼敵國死者。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公以「伤己德薄」立训，把悲哀收归人主自责，而非哀悼敌国死者。" }, { "noteId": "c037", "relation": "正釋", "relationTrad": "正釋", "text": "唐玄宗御注以「尚右非吉」解釋喪禮，並說不必真的縞素，重在哀心。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗御注以「尚右非吉」解釋喪禮，並說不必真的縞素，重在哀心。", "relationSimp": "正释", "textSimp": "唐玄宗御注以「尚右非吉」解释丧礼，并说不必真的缟素，重在哀心。" }, { "noteId": "c019", "relation": "轉深", "relationTrad": "轉深", "text": "成玄英以「權劣實勝」收束，把喪禮之哀提升到權智不及實道的判教層次。", "textTrad": "成玄英以「權劣實勝」收束，把喪禮之哀提升到權智不及實道的判教層次。", "relationSimp": "转深", "textSimp": "成玄英以「权劣实胜」收束，把丧礼之哀提升到权智不及实道的判教层次。" } ], "nameSimp": "杀人之众，以悲哀泣之；战胜，以丧礼处之", "questionSimp": "战胜本应受贺，何以反以丧礼处之？「悲哀泣之」是仪式，还是人主之心？", "introSimp": "河上公以伤己德薄、不能以道化人而害无辜之民；古者战胜，将军居丧主礼之位，素服而哭，明君子贵德贱兵，知后世用兵不已故悲痛之。成玄英以兵戈行处屠害必多，上将悲哀愍其伤害；战胜不以为善，素服而哭，仍以丧礼葬之，以明权劣实胜。唐玄宗御注以生灵之贵而交战杀之，有恻仁心故以悲哀伤泣；战胜受爵居右，尚右非吉，故以丧礼处之，亦何必缟素为资。御疏以夫人惟邦本，交战杀之故仁心恻隐；又谓诸注「古有斯礼」无据，秦伯向师而哭乃哀败非战胜。李荣以兵之所用义在救人，哀其失道、悲其过害；克敌之后将军素服主丧行礼受吊。陆希声以杀人多者必以悲哀泣之，是战而胜者则以丧礼处之，再叹其辞以恶杀人之甚。吕惠卿以以丧礼处之则不美可知、以悲哀泣之则不乐杀人可知。吴澄谓此申言上文不美之意。魏源存晁说之、王雱之疑，谓王弼此章句已阙。王夫之以与其悲之于后、何如忘之于先。诸家皆以悲哀、丧礼为不忍杀人之心的外在表现。" } ], "requiredSources": [ "heshanggong", "tangxuanzong" ] }, "schema": "librebook.chapter/1", "generatedAt": "2026-10-30T11:41:46.894Z", "keyPrefix": "laozi-31", "idRules": { "chapter": "章节目录名（slug），如 01；URL 为 /laozi/01/。", "sentence": "章内局部编号 sNNN，全篇引用使用 laozi-01:sNNN；页面锚点继续使用 #sNNN。", "commentary": "章内注号 cNNN，字词注 nNNN，校记 kNNN；编号在章内稳定，跨章引用时加章节前缀。", "paragraph": "章内段落号 pNNN，与 sentence.paragraph 对应。" }, "book": { "id": "laozi", "slug": "laozi", "title": "老子", "titleSimp": "老子", "author": "老聃", "authorSimp": "老聃", "era": "春秋", "eraSimp": "春秋", "editor": "河上公、王弼等", "editorSimp": "河上公、王弼等", "edition": "王弼《老子注》", "editionSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "baseLabel": "王弼《老子注》", "baseLabelSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "separationLabel": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英義疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、嚴遵指歸、李榮注、陸希聲傳、呂惠卿傳、蘇轍老子解、吳澄道德真經注、憨山道德經解、魏源老子本義、俞樾平議、王夫之老子衍十四家", "separationLabelSimp": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英义疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、严遵指归、李荣注、陆希声传、吕惠卿传、苏辙老子解、吴澄道德真经注、憨山道德经解、魏源老子本义、俞樾平议、王夫之老子衍十四家", "intro": "《老子》八十一章，分道經、德經。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》為底本，逐章整理正文、舊注、今譯與校記；第一至八十一章已上線，全帙完竣。", "introSimp": "《老子》八十一章，分道经、德经。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》为底本，逐章整理正文、旧注、今译与校记；第一至八十一章已上线，全帙完竣。" }, "volume": { "id": "daojing", "order": 1, "title": "道經", "titleSimp": "道经" }, "chapter": { "id": "laozi-31", "slug": "31", "order": 31, "title": "第三十一章", "titleSimp": "第三十一章", "status": "published", "revision": "初校", "review": "待复核", "updated": "2026-10-29", "summary": "以「夫佳兵者，不祥之器，物或惡之，故有道者不處」發端，繼言「君子居則貴左，用兵則貴右」，轉出「兵者不祥之器，非君子之器，不得已而用之，恬澹為上」，再言「勝而不美，而美之者，是樂殺人。夫樂殺人者，則不可以得志於天下矣」，復以「吉事尚左，凶事尚右。偏將軍居左，上將軍居右，言以喪禮處之」明之，末以「殺人之眾，以悲哀泣之。戰勝，以喪禮處之」收束；附河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、嚴遵、李榮、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之十二家注疏，王弼此章注闕、俞樾未列；河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮逐句或分段分疏，蘇轍僅注首句，吳澄分段作注，嚴遵僅存一句輯文，陸希聲、呂惠卿、憨山、魏源、王夫之各以整章一段通釋；河上公題「偃武」、唐玄宗題「夫佳兵章」，吳澄以此章為其第二十六章，魏源合第三十、三十一章為其第二十六章，河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、嚴遵本章據《玄德纂疏》卷八所引，異文並見校記。", "summarySimp": "以「夫佳兵者，不祥之器，物或恶之，故有道者不处」发端，继言「君子居则贵左，用兵则贵右」，转出「兵者不祥之器，非君子之器，不得已而用之，恬澹为上」，再言「胜而不美，而美之者，是乐杀人。夫乐杀人者，则不可以得志于天下矣」，复以「吉事尚左，凶事尚右。偏将军居左，上将军居右，言以丧礼处之」明之，末以「杀人之众，以悲哀泣之。战胜，以丧礼处之」收束；附河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、严遵、李荣、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之十二家注疏，王弼此章注阙、俞樾未列；河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李荣逐句或分段分疏，苏辙仅注首句，吴澄分段作注，严遵仅存一句辑文，陆希声、吕惠卿、憨山、魏源、王夫之各以整章一段通释；河上公题「偃武」、唐玄宗题「夫佳兵章」，吴澄以此章为其第二十六章，魏源合第三十、三十一章为其第二十六章，河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、严遵本章据《玄德纂疏》卷八所引，异文并见校记。", "dataFile": "data/chapters/laozi-31.json", "relationsFile": "data/commentary-relations-laozi-31.json", "url": "/laozi/31/", "orderLabel": "第三十一", "volumeId": "daojing", "part": "道經", "partSimp": "道经" }, "paragraphs": [ { "id": "p001", "no": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001", "s002", "s003", "s004", "s005", "s006" ], "count": 6 } ], "coverage": { "sentences": 6, "paragraphs": 1, "notes": { "covered": 6, "total": 6, "percent": 100 }, "charNotes": { "covered": 6, "total": 6, "percent": 100 }, "collations": { "covered": 5, "total": 6, "percent": 83.3, "count": 12 }, "translations": { "covered": 6, "total": 6, "percent": 100 } } }