{ "meta": { "book": { "id": "laozi", "title": "老子", "titleSimp": "老子", "author": "老聃", "authorSimp": "老聃", "era": "春秋", "eraSimp": "春秋", "editor": "河上公、王弼等", "editorSimp": "河上公、王弼等", "edition": "王弼《老子注》", "editionSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "slug": "laozi", "baseLabel": "王弼《老子注》", "baseLabelSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "separationLabel": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英義疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、嚴遵指歸、李榮注、陸希聲傳、呂惠卿傳、蘇轍老子解、吳澄道德真經注、憨山道德經解、魏源老子本義、俞樾平議、王夫之老子衍十四家", "separationLabelSimp": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英义疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、严遵指归、李荣注、陆希声传、吕惠卿传、苏辙老子解、吴澄道德真经注、憨山道德经解、魏源老子本义、俞樾平议、王夫之老子衍十四家", "intro": "《老子》八十一章，分道經、德經。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》為底本，逐章整理正文、舊注、今譯與校記；第一至八十一章已上線，全帙完竣。", "introSimp": "《老子》八十一章，分道经、德经。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》为底本，逐章整理正文、旧注、今译与校记；第一至八十一章已上线，全帙完竣。" }, "chapter": { "id": "laozi-44", "no": 44, "part": "德經", "partSimp": "德经", "title": "第四十四章", "titleSimp": "第四十四章", "intro": "《老子》第四十四章，河上公題「立戒第四十四」，《玄德纂疏》卷十二題「名與身孰親章第四十四」，呂惠卿、蘇轍題「名與身章第四十四」，王弼本無章題；吳澄以此章自為其第三十六章，合第四十至四十三章為其第三十五章；魏源以此章為其第三十七章，合第四十二、四十三章為其第三十六章。全章五句：首以名與身、身與貨、得與亡三問科簡得失；次言甚愛必大費、多藏必厚亡；末言知足不辱、知止不殆、可以長久。河上公以名遂則身退、財多則害身、好得利則病於行；甚愛色者費精神、甚愛財者遇禍患，多藏則生有攻劫之憂、死有掘冢探柩之患；知足之人絕利去欲、知止則財利不累於身、聲色不亂於耳目；人能知止足則福祿在己，治身者神不勞、治國者民不擾。王弼以尚名好高則其身必疏、貪貨無厭則其身必少、得多利而亡其身；甚愛不與物通、多藏不與物散，求之者多、攻之者眾，故大費厚亡；末句無注。成玄英以身內實、名外賓，世皆求外喪內、貪名亡實；資貨本為我身，迷惑之徒喪身徇貨；得是喪己之徵、亡是存身之驗，世人以得為遇、以亡為病，實為謬誤；甚愛名譽之人必勞形怵心、費神損智；知足知止則無恥辱危殆、可長久。唐玄宗御注以名為實之賓，徇名亡身，設問欲令去功與名而全其真；徇名求財、財得亡身，欲令擲玉毀珠以全其和；得名貨與亡名貨，孰者病身；甚愛名者勞神、多藏貨者累身。御疏以費為損、親為愛，甚愛名者矯企情性、損費心神，多藏則其亡亦厚，引「懷璧其辜」與莊子含珠之說；知足者不甚愛、知止者不多藏，既無辱殆故可長久。嚴遵以我性所禀者道德，假而生者神明、因而成者太和、託而形者天地；禍極於死、福極於生，莫大乎生、莫大乎身，害身莫大乎名、莫大乎貨；得名得貨則道德不居、神明不留、大命以絕，失名失貨則道德是祐、神明是助；甚愛其身、多積貨財則貨名俱終；知足之人體道同德、絕名除利，知止之人無禍無福、無得無喪，故能長存。李榮以名為外之稱譽、貨為俗之財帛，身為忠孝之本、道德之基，理須外名利、存身神；弱喪者不反、逐欲者失真，為名殺身、因財害己；得失病利誰能定；甚愛為名殺身、多藏為財傷己；知足不外求名、知止不非理窺財，理國可以長存、修身可以久視。陸希聲以名為立身之表，有其實則身尊名揚，矯激為之則名雖聞而身棄於有道；貨為發身之資，得所用則身以好施見重，貪冒得之則貨滿堂而身薄於有德；竊名黷貨而亡修身約己之道，二者孰病；甚愛名必生偽、多藏貨必招盜；知足不貪貨、知止不貪名，則名長有、貨久守。呂惠卿以列士徇名、貪夫徇貨，殘生傷性則不知身親於名、身多於貨；君子小人所徇不同，而亡其所存則一；得名貨而亡其存，則亡病於得；愛名欲貴身，甚愛則並良貴而失之為大費；蓄貨欲富身，多藏則並至富而害之為厚亡；有德者知至貴至富在己、無待名貨，故知足不辱、知止不殆、可以長久。蘇轍以先身後名、貴身賤貨猶未忘我，忘我者身且不有，況名與貨；貴以身為天下非忘我不能，故使天下知名不足親、貨不足多而後知貴身、知忘我；不得者以亡為病，既得患失則病甚於亡，惟齊有無、均得喪而後無病；愛甚則求者無所不為，藏多則攻者必眾。吳澄以親猶所愛、多猶所重，名在身字上、貨在身字下乃便文協韻；引司馬光得名貨而亡身與得身而亡名貨一者孰病；愛名而愛身反不如，必耗費精神損壽為大費；嗜貨而重身反不如，必喪亡軀命隕生為厚亡；知內分有定則足而不貪、知外物無益則止而不求，故無失譽虧行之辱、損壽隕生之殆而可長久。憨山以名利損生、誡人知止足；名乃身外虛聲，與身較之身親而名疏；利乃身之長物，與身較之身在則有餘；世人役役名利、貪得無厭、戕生傷性，與其貪得而身亡，不若身存而遠害；愛甚費必大、藏多亡必厚，引隋侯之珠彈雀、鹿臺之欲為喻；知足不辱、知止不殆、可以長久。魏源以河上公分「天下之至柔」以下別為一章，按文義吳澄合之為是；又謂此章與上章皆發明「得一章」之旨；校河上無「是故」二字、王弼有；又以身親、貨多、藏亡、足辱、止殆久為韻。王夫之以至人非距物孤處，坐視其變，知我終無如物何、物亦終無如我何；辱有自來或無自來、殆有自召或不召而至；以身捷得其眚而受其名，不如無居；善愛名、善居貨、善襲得、善遣亡；得於身則消陰陽之沴，得於天下則斃虎兕之威。本站以王弼《老子注》為底本，分列河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英義疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、嚴遵指歸、李榮注、陸希聲傳、呂惠卿傳、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》與王夫之《老子衍》，並附編者今譯。俞樾《諸子平議》此章未列。", "introSimp": "《老子》第四十四章，河上公题「立戒第四十四」，《玄德纂疏》卷十二题「名与身孰亲章第四十四」，吕惠卿、苏辙题「名与身章第四十四」，王弼本无章题；吴澄以此章自为其第三十六章，合第四十至四十三章为其第三十五章；魏源以此章为其第三十七章，合第四十二、四十三章为其第三十六章。全章五句：首以名与身、身与货、得与亡三问科简得失；次言甚爱必大费、多藏必厚亡；末言知足不辱、知止不殆、可以长久。河上公以名遂则身退、财多则害身、好得利则病于行；甚爱色者费精神、甚爱财者遇祸患，多藏则生有攻劫之忧、死有掘冢探柩之患；知足之人绝利去欲、知止则财利不累于身、声色不乱于耳目；人能知止足则福禄在己，治身者神不劳、治国者民不扰。王弼以尚名好高则其身必疏、贪货无厌则其身必少、得多利而亡其身；甚爱不与物通、多藏不与物散，求之者多、攻之者众，故大费厚亡；末句无注。成玄英以身内实、名外宾，世皆求外丧内、贪名亡实；资货本为我身，迷惑之徒丧身徇货；得是丧己之征、亡是存身之验，世人以得为遇、以亡为病，实为谬误；甚爱名誉之人必劳形怵心、费神损智；知足知止则无耻辱危殆、可长久。唐玄宗御注以名为实之宾，徇名亡身，设问欲令去功与名而全其真；徇名求财、财得亡身，欲令掷玉毁珠以全其和；得名货与亡名货，孰者病身；甚爱名者劳神、多藏货者累身。御疏以费为损、亲为爱，甚爱名者矫企情性、损费心神，多藏则其亡亦厚，引「怀璧其辜」与庄子含珠之说；知足者不甚爱、知止者不多藏，既无辱殆故可长久。严遵以我性所禀者道德，假而生者神明、因而成者太和、托而形者天地；祸极于死、福极于生，莫大乎生、莫大乎身，害身莫大乎名、莫大乎货；得名得货则道德不居、神明不留、大命以绝，失名失货则道德是祐、神明是助；甚爱其身、多积货财则货名俱终；知足之人体道同德、绝名除利，知止之人无祸无福、无得无丧，故能长存。李荣以名为外之称誉、货为俗之财帛，身为忠孝之本、道德之基，理须外名利、存身神；弱丧者不反、逐欲者失真，为名杀身、因财害己；得失病利谁能定；甚爱为名杀身、多藏为财伤己；知足不外求名、知止不非理窥财，理国可以长存、修身可以久视。陆希声以名为立身之表，有其实则身尊名扬，矫激为之则名虽闻而身弃于有道；货为发身之资，得所用则身以好施见重，贪冒得之则货满堂而身薄于有德；窃名黩货而亡修身约己之道，二者孰病；甚爱名必生伪、多藏货必招盗；知足不贪货、知止不贪名，则名长有、货久守。吕惠卿以列士徇名、贪夫徇货，残生伤性则不知身亲于名、身多于货；君子小人所徇不同，而亡其所存则一；得名货而亡其存，则亡病于得；爱名欲贵身，甚爱则并良贵而失之为大费；蓄货欲富身，多藏则并至富而害之为厚亡；有德者知至贵至富在己、无待名货，故知足不辱、知止不殆、可以长久。苏辙以先身后名、贵身贱货犹未忘我，忘我者身且不有，况名与货；贵以身为天下非忘我不能，故使天下知名不足亲、货不足多而后知贵身、知忘我；不得者以亡为病，既得患失则病甚于亡，惟齐有无、均得丧而后无病；爱甚则求者无所不为，藏多则攻者必众。吴澄以亲犹所爱、多犹所重，名在身字上、货在身字下乃便文协韵；引司马光得名货而亡身与得身而亡名货一者孰病；爱名而爱身反不如，必耗费精神损寿为大费；嗜货而重身反不如，必丧亡躯命陨生为厚亡；知内分有定则足而不贪、知外物无益则止而不求，故无失誉亏行之辱、损寿陨生之殆而可长久。憨山以名利损生、诫人知止足；名乃身外虚声，与身较之身亲而名疏；利乃身之长物，与身较之身在则有余；世人役役名利、贪得无厌、戕生伤性，与其贪得而身亡，不若身存而远害；爱甚费必大、藏多亡必厚，引隋侯之珠弹雀、鹿台之欲为喻；知足不辱、知止不殆、可以长久。魏源以河上公分「天下之至柔」以下别为一章，按文义吴澄合之为是；又谓此章与上章皆发明「得一章」之旨；校河上无「是故」二字、王弼有；又以身亲、货多、藏亡、足辱、止殆久为韵。王夫之以至人非距物孤处，坐视其变，知我终无如物何、物亦终无如我何；辱有自来或无自来、殆有自召或不召而至；以身捷得其眚而受其名，不如无居；善爱名、善居货、善袭得、善遣亡；得于身则消阴阳之沴，得于天下则毙虎兕之威。本站以王弼《老子注》为底本，分列河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英义疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、严遵指归、李荣注、陆希声传、吕惠卿传、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》与王夫之《老子衍》，并附编者今译。俞樾《诸子平议》此章未列。", "guide": "點擊任一句可展開句注；點擊字詞可看本句訓釋；按「諸家並觀」可將同一句的舊注並列對讀，本章十三家舊注。河上公、王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、嚴遵、李榮、蘇轍、吳澄逐句或分段分疏；陸希聲、呂惠卿、憨山各以整章一段通釋；魏源以章次校記與韻讀、王夫之以整章衍文，本站按文義分條。俞樾《諸子平議》此章未列。", "guideSimp": "点击任一句可展开句注；点击字词可看本句训释；按「诸家并观」可将同一句的旧注并列对读，本章十三家旧注。河上公、王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、严遵、李荣、苏辙、吴澄逐句或分段分疏；陆希声、吕惠卿、憨山各以整章一段通释；魏源以章次校记与韵读、王夫之以整章衍文，本站按文义分条。俞樾《诸子平议》此章未列。", "slug": "44", "order": 44, "status": "published", "revision": "初校", "review": "待复核", "updated": "2026-10-30", "summary": "全章五句：首以名與身、身與貨、得與亡三問科簡得失；次言甚愛必大費、多藏必厚亡；末言知足不辱、知止不殆、可以長久。河上公以名遂則身退、財多則害身、好得利則病於行；甚愛色者費精神、甚愛財者遇禍患，多藏則生有攻劫之憂、死有掘冢探柩之患；知足之人絕利去欲、知止則財利不累於身、聲色不亂於耳目；人能知止足則福祿在己，治身者神不勞、治國者民不擾。王弼以尚名好高則其身必疏、貪貨無厭則其身必少、得多利而亡其身；甚愛不與物通、多藏不與物散，求之者多、攻之者眾，故大費厚亡；末句無注。成玄英以身內實、名外賓，世皆求外喪內、貪名亡實；資貨本為我身，迷惑之徒喪身徇貨；得是喪己之徵、亡是存身之驗，世人以得為遇、以亡為病，實為謬誤；甚愛名譽之人必勞形怵心、費神損智；知足知止則無恥辱危殆、可長久。唐玄宗御注以名為實之賓，徇名亡身，設問欲令去功與名而全其真；徇名求財、財得亡身，欲令擲玉毀珠以全其和；得名貨與亡名貨，孰者病身；甚愛名者勞神、多藏貨者累身。御疏以費為損、親為愛，甚愛名者矯企情性、損費心神，多藏則其亡亦厚，引「懷璧其辜」與莊子含珠之說；知足者不甚愛、知止者不多藏，既無辱殆故可長久。嚴遵以我性所禀者道德，假而生者神明、因而成者太和、託而形者天地；禍極於死、福極於生，莫大乎生、莫大乎身，害身莫大乎名、莫大乎貨；得名得貨則道德不居、神明不留、大命以絕，失名失貨則道德是祐、神明是助；甚愛其身、多積貨財則貨名俱終；知足之人體道同德、絕名除利，知止之人無禍無福、無得無喪，故能長存。李榮以名為外之稱譽、貨為俗之財帛，身為忠孝之本、道德之基，理須外名利、存身神；弱喪者不反、逐欲者失真，為名殺身、因財害己；得失病利誰能定；甚愛為名殺身、多藏為財傷己；知足不外求名、知止不非理窺財，理國可以長存、修身可以久視。陸希聲以名為立身之表，有其實則身尊名揚，矯激為之則名雖聞而身棄於有道；貨為發身之資，得所用則身以好施見重，貪冒得之則貨滿堂而身薄於有德；竊名黷貨而亡修身約己之道，二者孰病；甚愛名必生偽、多藏貨必招盜；知足不貪貨、知止不貪名，則名長有、貨久守。呂惠卿以列士徇名、貪夫徇貨，殘生傷性則不知身親於名、身多於貨；君子小人所徇不同，而亡其所存則一；得名貨而亡其存，則亡病於得；愛名欲貴身，甚愛則並良貴而失之為大費；蓄貨欲富身，多藏則並至富而害之為厚亡；有德者知至貴至富在己、無待名貨，故知足不辱、知止不殆、可以長久。蘇轍以先身後名、貴身賤貨猶未忘我，忘我者身且不有，況名與貨；貴以身為天下非忘我不能，故使天下知名不足親、貨不足多而後知貴身、知忘我；不得者以亡為病，既得患失則病甚於亡，惟齊有無、均得喪而後無病；愛甚則求者無所不為，藏多則攻者必眾。吳澄以親猶所愛、多猶所重，名在身字上、貨在身字下乃便文協韻；引司馬光得名貨而亡身與得身而亡名貨一者孰病；愛名而愛身反不如，必耗費精神損壽為大費；嗜貨而重身反不如，必喪亡軀命隕生為厚亡；知內分有定則足而不貪、知外物無益則止而不求，故無失譽虧行之辱、損壽隕生之殆而可長久。憨山以名利損生、誡人知止足；名乃身外虛聲，與身較之身親而名疏；利乃身之長物，與身較之身在則有餘；世人役役名利、貪得無厭、戕生傷性，與其貪得而身亡，不若身存而遠害；愛甚費必大、藏多亡必厚，引隋侯之珠彈雀、鹿臺之欲為喻；知足不辱、知止不殆、可以長久。魏源以河上公分「天下之至柔」以下別為一章，按文義吳澄合之為是；又謂此章與上章皆發明「得一章」之旨；校河上無「是故」二字、王弼有；又以身親、貨多、藏亡、足辱、止殆久為韻。王夫之以至人非距物孤處，坐視其變，知我終無如物何、物亦終無如我何；辱有自來或無自來、殆有自召或不召而至；以身捷得其眚而受其名，不如無居；善愛名、善居貨、善襲得、善遣亡；得於身則消陰陽之沴，得於天下則斃虎兕之威。河上公八注、王弼四注、成玄英五注、唐玄宗御注御疏十一注、嚴遵三注、李榮三注、陸希聲一注、呂惠卿一注、蘇轍三注、吳澄三注、憨山一注、魏源三注、王夫之一注；俞樾《諸子平議》此章未列，故十三家。河上公題「立戒第四十四」，《玄德纂疏》卷十二題「名與身孰親章第四十四」，呂惠卿、蘇轍題「名與身章第四十四」，王弼本無章題；吳澄以此章自為其第三十六章，合第四十至四十三章為其第三十五章；魏源以此章為其第三十七章，合第四十二、四十三章為其第三十六章；諸本異文：河上公、憨山、王夫之無「是故」二字，嚴遵、王夫之作「故知足不辱」，蘇轍底本「孰」作「執」當是形近之訛，魏源又以身親、貨多、藏亡、足辱、止殆久為韻，並見校記。", "summarySimp": "全章五句：首以名与身、身与货、得与亡三问科简得失；次言甚爱必大费、多藏必厚亡；末言知足不辱、知止不殆、可以长久。河上公以名遂则身退、财多则害身、好得利则病于行；甚爱色者费精神、甚爱财者遇祸患，多藏则生有攻劫之忧、死有掘冢探柩之患；知足之人绝利去欲、知止则财利不累于身、声色不乱于耳目；人能知止足则福禄在己，治身者神不劳、治国者民不扰。王弼以尚名好高则其身必疏、贪货无厌则其身必少、得多利而亡其身；甚爱不与物通、多藏不与物散，求之者多、攻之者众，故大费厚亡；末句无注。成玄英以身内实、名外宾，世皆求外丧内、贪名亡实；资货本为我身，迷惑之徒丧身徇货；得是丧己之征、亡是存身之验，世人以得为遇、以亡为病，实为谬误；甚爱名誉之人必劳形怵心、费神损智；知足知止则无耻辱危殆、可长久。唐玄宗御注以名为实之宾，徇名亡身，设问欲令去功与名而全其真；徇名求财、财得亡身，欲令掷玉毁珠以全其和；得名货与亡名货，孰者病身；甚爱名者劳神、多藏货者累身。御疏以费为损、亲为爱，甚爱名者矫企情性、损费心神，多藏则其亡亦厚，引「怀璧其辜」与庄子含珠之说；知足者不甚爱、知止者不多藏，既无辱殆故可长久。严遵以我性所禀者道德，假而生者神明、因而成者太和、托而形者天地；祸极于死、福极于生，莫大乎生、莫大乎身，害身莫大乎名、莫大乎货；得名得货则道德不居、神明不留、大命以绝，失名失货则道德是祐、神明是助；甚爱其身、多积货财则货名俱终；知足之人体道同德、绝名除利，知止之人无祸无福、无得无丧，故能长存。李荣以名为外之称誉、货为俗之财帛，身为忠孝之本、道德之基，理须外名利、存身神；弱丧者不反、逐欲者失真，为名杀身、因财害己；得失病利谁能定；甚爱为名杀身、多藏为财伤己；知足不外求名、知止不非理窥财，理国可以长存、修身可以久视。陆希声以名为立身之表，有其实则身尊名扬，矫激为之则名虽闻而身弃于有道；货为发身之资，得所用则身以好施见重，贪冒得之则货满堂而身薄于有德；窃名黩货而亡修身约己之道，二者孰病；甚爱名必生伪、多藏货必招盗；知足不贪货、知止不贪名，则名长有、货久守。吕惠卿以列士徇名、贪夫徇货，残生伤性则不知身亲于名、身多于货；君子小人所徇不同，而亡其所存则一；得名货而亡其存，则亡病于得；爱名欲贵身，甚爱则并良贵而失之为大费；蓄货欲富身，多藏则并至富而害之为厚亡；有德者知至贵至富在己、无待名货，故知足不辱、知止不殆、可以长久。苏辙以先身后名、贵身贱货犹未忘我，忘我者身且不有，况名与货；贵以身为天下非忘我不能，故使天下知名不足亲、货不足多而后知贵身、知忘我；不得者以亡为病，既得患失则病甚于亡，惟齐有无、均得丧而后无病；爱甚则求者无所不为，藏多则攻者必众。吴澄以亲犹所爱、多犹所重，名在身字上、货在身字下乃便文协韵；引司马光得名货而亡身与得身而亡名货一者孰病；爱名而爱身反不如，必耗费精神损寿为大费；嗜货而重身反不如，必丧亡躯命陨生为厚亡；知内分有定则足而不贪、知外物无益则止而不求，故无失誉亏行之辱、损寿陨生之殆而可长久。憨山以名利损生、诫人知止足；名乃身外虚声，与身较之身亲而名疏；利乃身之长物，与身较之身在则有余；世人役役名利、贪得无厌、戕生伤性，与其贪得而身亡，不若身存而远害；爱甚费必大、藏多亡必厚，引隋侯之珠弹雀、鹿台之欲为喻；知足不辱、知止不殆、可以长久。魏源以河上公分「天下之至柔」以下别为一章，按文义吴澄合之为是；又谓此章与上章皆发明「得一章」之旨；校河上无「是故」二字、王弼有；又以身亲、货多、藏亡、足辱、止殆久为韵。王夫之以至人非距物孤处，坐视其变，知我终无如物何、物亦终无如我何；辱有自来或无自来、殆有自召或不召而至；以身捷得其眚而受其名，不如无居；善爱名、善居货、善袭得、善遣亡；得于身则消阴阳之沴，得于天下则毙虎兕之威。河上公八注、王弼四注、成玄英五注、唐玄宗御注御疏十一注、严遵三注、李荣三注、陆希声一注、吕惠卿一注、苏辙三注、吴澄三注、憨山一注、魏源三注、王夫之一注；俞樾《诸子平议》此章未列，故十三家。河上公题「立戒第四十四」，《玄德纂疏》卷十二题「名与身孰亲章第四十四」，吕惠卿、苏辙题「名与身章第四十四」，王弼本无章题；吴澄以此章自为其第三十六章，合第四十至四十三章为其第三十五章；魏源以此章为其第三十七章，合第四十二、四十三章为其第三十六章；诸本异文：河上公、憨山、王夫之无「是故」二字，严遵、王夫之作「故知足不辱」，苏辙底本「孰」作「执」当是形近之讹，魏源又以身亲、货多、藏亡、足辱、止殆久为韵，并见校记。", "dataFile": "data/chapters/laozi-44.json", "relationsFile": "data/commentary-relations-laozi-44.json", "url": "/laozi/44/", "volumeId": "dejing", "volumeTitle": "德經", "volumeTitleSimp": "德经", "orderLabel": "第四十四" }, "edition": { "base": "王弼《老子注》", "baseEdition": "王弼《老子注》通行本", "separation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》、王弼《老子道德經注》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、嚴遵《道德真經指歸》、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》、王夫之《老子衍》諸本對校；河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗御注御疏、李榮此章據《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引", "punctuation": "數字轉錄所附現代標點，本站僅作閱讀輔助，尚未逐字復核原刻", "digital": "中華典藏網、識典古籍、大道家園公開轉錄、Kanripo 漢籍全文資料庫（僅作文字底本）", "caution": "王弼底本作「名與身孰親，身與貨孰多，得與亡孰病，是故甚愛必大費，多藏必厚亡，知足不辱，知止不殆，可以長久」；河上公題「立戒第四十四」，《玄德纂疏》卷十二題「名與身孰親章第四十四」，呂惠卿、蘇轍題「名與身章第四十四」，王弼本無章題；吳澄以此章自為其第三十六章，合第四十至四十三章為其第三十五章；魏源以此章為其第三十七章，合第四十二、四十三章為其第三十六章。諸本異文：河上公、憨山、王夫之無「是故」二字，魏源云河上無「是故」、王弼有；嚴遵、王夫之作「故知足不辱」；蘇轍底本「孰」作「執」，當是形近之訛；魏源又以身親、貨多、藏亡、足辱、止殆久為韻。正文從王弼本，異文見校記。", "baseSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "baseEditionSimp": "王弼《老子注》通行本", "separationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》、王弼《老子道德经注》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、严遵《道德真经指归》、李荣《道德真经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》、王夫之《老子衍》诸本对校；河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗御注御疏、李荣此章据《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引", "punctuationSimp": "数字转录所附现代标点，本站仅作阅读辅助，尚未逐字复核原刻", "digitalSimp": "中华典藏网、识典古籍、大道家园公开转录、Kanripo 汉籍全文资料库（仅作文字底本）", "cautionSimp": "王弼底本作「名与身孰亲，身与货孰多，得与亡孰病，是故甚爱必大费，多藏必厚亡，知足不辱，知止不殆，可以长久」；河上公题「立戒第四十四」，《玄德纂疏》卷十二题「名与身孰亲章第四十四」，吕惠卿、苏辙题「名与身章第四十四」，王弼本无章题；吴澄以此章自为其第三十六章，合第四十至四十三章为其第三十五章；魏源以此章为其第三十七章，合第四十二、四十三章为其第三十六章。诸本异文：河上公、憨山、王夫之无「是故」二字，魏源云河上无「是故」、王弼有；严遵、王夫之作「故知足不辱」；苏辙底本「孰」作「执」，当是形近之讹；魏源又以身亲、货多、藏亡、足辱、止殆久为韵。正文从王弼本，异文见校记。" }, "license": { "historical": "公有領域", "translation": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "code": "MIT" }, "stats": { "sentences": 5, "commentaries": 47, "charNotes": 13, "collations": 5 } }, "sources": [ { "id": "heshanggong", "name": "河上公章句", "short": "河上公", "author": "河上公", "work": "老子道德經章句", "era": "漢", "years": "傳漢文帝時", "color": "#a3542c", "desc": "分章句解，兼重治身與治國；此章題「立戒第四十四」，以名遂則身退、財多則害身、好得利則病於行；甚愛色者費精神、甚愛財者遇禍患，多藏則生有攻劫之憂、死有掘冢探柩之患；知足之人絕利去欲、知止則財利不累於身、聲色不亂於耳目；人能知止足則福祿在己，治身者神不勞、治國者民不擾。此章據《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引，參校四部叢刊本。", "count": 8, "nameSimp": "河上公章句", "workSimp": "老子道德经章句", "authorSimp": "河上公", "eraSimp": "汉", "yearsSimp": "传汉文帝时", "descSimp": "分章句解，兼重治身与治国；此章题「立戒第四十四」，以名遂则身退、财多则害身、好得利则病于行；甚爱色者费精神、甚爱财者遇祸患，多藏则生有攻劫之忧、死有掘冢探柩之患；知足之人绝利去欲、知止则财利不累于身、声色不乱于耳目；人能知止足则福禄在己，治身者神不劳、治国者民不扰。此章据《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引，参校四部丛刊本。", "shortSimp": "河上公" }, { "id": "wangbi", "name": "王弼注", "short": "王注", "author": "王弼", "work": "老子道德經注", "era": "曹魏", "years": "226–249", "color": "#8c5a2b", "desc": "以崇本息末為宗；此章注四條，以尚名好高則其身必疏、貪貨無厭則其身必少、得多利而亡其身；甚愛不與物通、多藏不與物散，求之者多、攻之者眾，故大費厚亡；末句無注。此章注據《道藏》本王弼《老子注》。", "count": 4, "nameSimp": "王弼注", "workSimp": "老子道德经注", "authorSimp": "王弼", "eraSimp": "曹魏", "yearsSimp": "226–249", "descSimp": "以崇本息末为宗；此章注四条，以尚名好高则其身必疏、贪货无厌则其身必少、得多利而亡其身；甚爱不与物通、多藏不与物散，求之者多、攻之者众，故大费厚亡；末句无注。此章注据《道藏》本王弼《老子注》。", "shortSimp": "王注" }, { "id": "chengxuanying", "name": "成玄英疏", "short": "成疏", "author": "成玄英", "work": "老子道德經義疏", "era": "唐", "years": "約 608–669", "color": "#6b7a4a", "desc": "以重玄雙遣為宗；此章《玄德纂疏》卷十二存義疏，以身內實、名外賓，世皆求外喪內、貪名亡實；資貨本為我身，迷惑之徒喪身徇貨；得是喪己之徵、亡是存身之驗，世人以得為遇、以亡為病，實為謬誤；甚愛名譽之人必勞形怵心、費神損智；知足知止則無恥辱危殆、可長久。", "count": 5, "nameSimp": "成玄英疏", "workSimp": "老子道德经义疏", "authorSimp": "成玄英", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "约 608–669", "descSimp": "以重玄双遣为宗；此章《玄德纂疏》卷十二存义疏，以身内实、名外宾，世皆求外丧内、贪名亡实；资货本为我身，迷惑之徒丧身徇货；得是丧己之征、亡是存身之验，世人以得为遇、以亡为病，实为谬误；甚爱名誉之人必劳形怵心、费神损智；知足知止则无耻辱危殆、可长久。", "shortSimp": "成疏" }, { "id": "tangxuanzong", "name": "唐玄宗御注御疏", "short": "御注", "author": "李隆基", "work": "道德真經注疏", "era": "唐", "years": "685–762", "color": "#9b3d3d", "desc": "帝王御注，兼採諸家；御注以名為實之賓，徇名亡身，設問欲令去功與名而全其真；徇名求財、財得亡身，欲令擲玉毀珠以全其和；得名貨與亡名貨，孰者病身；甚愛名者勞神、多藏貨者累身。御疏以費為損、親為愛，甚愛名者矯企情性、損費心神，多藏則其亡亦厚，引「懷璧其辜」與莊子含珠之說；知足者不甚愛、知止者不多藏，既無辱殆故可長久。此章據《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引御注御疏。", "count": 11, "nameSimp": "唐玄宗御注御疏", "workSimp": "道德真经注疏", "authorSimp": "李隆基", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "685–762", "descSimp": "帝王御注，兼采诸家；御注以名为实之宾，徇名亡身，设问欲令去功与名而全其真；徇名求财、财得亡身，欲令掷玉毁珠以全其和；得名货与亡名货，孰者病身；甚爱名者劳神、多藏货者累身。御疏以费为损、亲为爱，甚爱名者矫企情性、损费心神，多藏则其亡亦厚，引「怀璧其辜」与庄子含珠之说；知足者不甚爱、知止者不多藏，既无辱殆故可长久。此章据《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引御注御疏。", "shortSimp": "御注" }, { "id": "yanzun", "name": "嚴遵指歸", "short": "嚴指歸", "author": "嚴遵", "work": "道德真經指歸", "era": "漢", "years": "約前 83–10", "color": "#7a5c3e", "desc": "以「自然」「太和」立說；此章指歸存於《道藏》本，嚴遵本無章題，此章自為一篇；以我性所禀者道德，假而生者神明、因而成者太和、託而形者天地；禍極於死、福極於生，莫大乎生、莫大乎身，害身莫大乎名、莫大乎貨；得名得貨則道德不居、神明不留、大命以絕，失名失貨則道德是祐、神明是助；甚愛其身、多積貨財則貨名俱終；知足之人體道同德、絕名除利，知止之人無禍無福、無得無喪，故能長存。", "count": 3, "nameSimp": "严遵指归", "workSimp": "道德真经指归", "authorSimp": "严遵", "eraSimp": "汉", "yearsSimp": "约前 83–10", "descSimp": "以「自然」「太和」立说；此章指归存于《道藏》本，严遵本无章题，此章自为一篇；以我性所禀者道德，假而生者神明、因而成者太和、托而形者天地；祸极于死、福极于生，莫大乎生、莫大乎身，害身莫大乎名、莫大乎货；得名得货则道德不居、神明不留、大命以绝，失名失货则道德是祐、神明是助；甚爱其身、多积货财则货名俱终；知足之人体道同德、绝名除利，知止之人无祸无福、无得无丧，故能长存。", "shortSimp": "严指归" }, { "id": "lirong", "name": "李榮注", "short": "李注", "author": "李榮", "work": "道德真經注", "era": "唐", "years": "生卒不詳", "color": "#4f6b7a", "desc": "唐初道士，以重玄遣執解《老》；此章《玄德纂疏》卷十二存注，以名為外之稱譽、貨為俗之財帛，身為忠孝之本、道德之基，理須外名利、存身神；弱喪者不反、逐欲者失真，為名殺身、因財害己；得失病利誰能定；甚愛為名殺身、多藏為財傷己；知足不外求名、知止不非理窺財，理國可以長存、修身可以久視。", "count": 3, "nameSimp": "李荣注", "workSimp": "道德真经注", "authorSimp": "李荣", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "生卒不详", "descSimp": "唐初道士，以重玄遣执解《老》；此章《玄德纂疏》卷十二存注，以名为外之称誉、货为俗之财帛，身为忠孝之本、道德之基，理须外名利、存身神；弱丧者不反、逐欲者失真，为名杀身、因财害己；得失病利谁能定；甚爱为名杀身、多藏为财伤己；知足不外求名、知止不非理窥财，理国可以长存、修身可以久视。", "shortSimp": "李注" }, { "id": "luxisheng", "name": "陸希聲傳", "short": "陸傳", "author": "陸希聲", "work": "道德經傳", "era": "唐", "years": "？–895", "color": "#6a5a7a", "desc": "以情性說道器；此章整章一傳，以名為立身之表，有其實則身尊名揚，矯激為之則名雖聞而身棄於有道；貨為發身之資，得所用則身以好施見重，貪冒得之則貨滿堂而身薄於有德；竊名黷貨而亡修身約己之道，二者孰病；甚愛名必生偽、多藏貨必招盜；知足不貪貨、知止不貪名，則名長有、貨久守。此章傳據《道藏》本。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "陆希声传", "workSimp": "道德经传", "authorSimp": "陆希声", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "？–895", "descSimp": "以情性说道器；此章整章一传，以名为立身之表，有其实则身尊名扬，矫激为之则名虽闻而身弃于有道；货为发身之资，得所用则身以好施见重，贪冒得之则货满堂而身薄于有德；窃名黩货而亡修身约己之道，二者孰病；甚爱名必生伪、多藏货必招盗；知足不贪货、知止不贪名，则名长有、货久守。此章传据《道藏》本。", "shortSimp": "陆传" }, { "id": "lvhuiqing", "name": "呂惠卿傳", "short": "呂傳", "author": "呂惠卿", "work": "道德真經傳", "era": "北宋", "years": "1032–1111", "color": "#7a6a4a", "desc": "此章整章一傳，以列士徇名、貪夫徇貨，殘生傷性則不知身親於名、身多於貨；君子小人所徇不同，而亡其所存則一；得名貨而亡其存，則亡病於得；愛名欲貴身，甚愛則並良貴而失之為大費；蓄貨欲富身，多藏則並至富而害之為厚亡；有德者知至貴至富在己、無待名貨，故知足不辱、知止不殆、可以長久。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "吕惠卿传", "workSimp": "道德真经传", "authorSimp": "吕惠卿", "eraSimp": "北宋", "yearsSimp": "1032–1111", "descSimp": "此章整章一传，以列士徇名、贪夫徇货，残生伤性则不知身亲于名、身多于货；君子小人所徇不同，而亡其所存则一；得名货而亡其存，则亡病于得；爱名欲贵身，甚爱则并良贵而失之为大费；蓄货欲富身，多藏则并至富而害之为厚亡；有德者知至贵至富在己、无待名货，故知足不辱、知止不殆、可以长久。", "shortSimp": "吕传" }, { "id": "suzhe", "name": "蘇轍老子解", "short": "蘇解", "author": "蘇轍", "work": "老子解", "era": "北宋", "years": "1039–1112", "color": "#4a6a6a", "desc": "此章注三條，以先身後名、貴身賤貨猶未忘我，忘我者身且不有，況名與貨；貴以身為天下非忘我不能，故使天下知名不足親、貨不足多而後知貴身、知忘我；不得者以亡為病，既得患失則病甚於亡，惟齊有無、均得喪而後無病；愛甚則求者無所不為，藏多則攻者必眾；末句無注。", "count": 3, "nameSimp": "苏辙老子解", "workSimp": "老子解", "authorSimp": "苏辙", "eraSimp": "北宋", "yearsSimp": "1039–1112", "descSimp": "此章注三条，以先身后名、贵身贱货犹未忘我，忘我者身且不有，况名与货；贵以身为天下非忘我不能，故使天下知名不足亲、货不足多而后知贵身、知忘我；不得者以亡为病，既得患失则病甚于亡，惟齐有无、均得丧而后无病；爱甚则求者无所不为，藏多则攻者必众；末句无注。", "shortSimp": "苏解" }, { "id": "wucheng", "name": "吳澄道德真經注", "short": "吳注", "author": "吳澄", "work": "道德真經注", "era": "元", "years": "1249–1333", "color": "#5a6a3a", "desc": "此章自為其第三十六章，前此第四十至四十三章合為其第三十五章；以親猶所愛、多猶所重，名在身字上、貨在身字下乃便文協韻；引司馬光得名貨而亡身與得身而亡名貨一者孰病；愛名而愛身反不如，必耗費精神損壽為大費；嗜貨而重身反不如，必喪亡軀命隕生為厚亡；知內分有定則足而不貪、知外物無益則止而不求，故無失譽虧行之辱、損壽隕生之殆而可長久。", "count": 3, "nameSimp": "吴澄道德真经注", "workSimp": "道德真经注", "authorSimp": "吴澄", "eraSimp": "元", "yearsSimp": "1249–1333", "descSimp": "此章自为其第三十六章，前此第四十至四十三章合为其第三十五章；以亲犹所爱、多犹所重，名在身字上、货在身字下乃便文协韵；引司马光得名货而亡身与得身而亡名货一者孰病；爱名而爱身反不如，必耗费精神损寿为大费；嗜货而重身反不如，必丧亡躯命陨生为厚亡；知内分有定则足而不贪、知外物无益则止而不求，故无失誉亏行之辱、损寿陨生之殆而可长久。", "shortSimp": "吴注" }, { "id": "hanshan", "name": "憨山道德經解", "short": "憨山", "author": "釋德清", "work": "道德經解", "era": "明", "years": "1546–1623", "color": "#705a4a", "desc": "此章整章一解，以名利損生、誡人知止足；名乃身外虛聲，與身較之身親而名疏；利乃身之長物，與身較之身在則有餘；世人役役名利、貪得無厭、戕生傷性，與其貪得而身亡，不若身存而遠害；愛甚費必大、藏多亡必厚，引隋侯之珠彈雀、鹿臺之欲為喻；知足不辱、知止不殆、可以長久。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "憨山道德经解", "workSimp": "道德经解", "authorSimp": "释德清", "eraSimp": "明", "yearsSimp": "1546–1623", "descSimp": "此章整章一解，以名利损生、诫人知止足；名乃身外虚声，与身较之身亲而名疏；利乃身之长物，与身较之身在则有余；世人役役名利、贪得无厌、戕生伤性，与其贪得而身亡，不若身存而远害；爱甚费必大、藏多亡必厚，引隋侯之珠弹雀、鹿台之欲为喻；知足不辱、知止不殆、可以长久。", "shortSimp": "憨山" }, { "id": "weiyuan", "name": "魏源老子本義", "short": "魏本義", "author": "魏源", "work": "老子本義", "era": "清", "years": "1794–1857", "color": "#3d5a6a", "desc": "清儒治《老》，重校勘與通義；此章為其第三十七章，第四十二、四十三章合為其第三十六章；魏源以河上公分「天下之至柔」以下別為一章，按文義吳澄合之為是；又謂此章與上章皆發明「得一章」之旨；校河上無「是故」二字、王弼有；又以身親、貨多、藏亡、足辱、止殆久為韻。", "count": 3, "nameSimp": "魏源老子本义", "workSimp": "老子本义", "authorSimp": "魏源", "eraSimp": "清", "yearsSimp": "1794–1857", "descSimp": "清儒治《老》，重校勘与通义；此章为其第三十七章，第四十二、四十三章合为其第三十六章；魏源以河上公分「天下之至柔」以下别为一章，按文义吴澄合之为是；又谓此章与上章皆发明「得一章」之旨；校河上无「是故」二字、王弼有；又以身亲、货多、藏亡、足辱、止殆久为韵。", "shortSimp": "魏本义" }, { "id": "wangfuzhi", "name": "船山衍", "short": "船山", "author": "王夫之", "work": "老子衍", "era": "清", "years": "1619–1692", "color": "#3f5d52", "desc": "此章衍文一段，以至人非距物孤處，坐視其變，知我終無如物何、物亦終無如我何；辱有自來或無自來、殆有自召或不召而至；以身捷得其眚而受其名，不如無居；善愛名、善居貨、善襲得、善遣亡；得於身則消陰陽之沴，得於天下則斃虎兕之威。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "船山衍", "workSimp": "老子衍", "authorSimp": "王夫之", "eraSimp": "清", "yearsSimp": "1619–1692", "descSimp": "此章衍文一段，以至人非距物孤处，坐视其变，知我终无如物何、物亦终无如我何；辱有自来或无自来、殆有自召或不召而至；以身捷得其眚而受其名，不如无居；善爱名、善居货、善袭得、善遣亡；得于身则消阴阳之沴，得于天下则毙虎兕之威。", "shortSimp": "船山" }, { "id": "translator", "name": "本站今譯", "short": "今譯", "author": "LibreBook 編者", "work": "今譯", "era": "當代", "years": "", "color": "#8a8a8a", "desc": "編者據舊注與上下文所作語體今譯，供閱讀參照。", "count": 5, "nameSimp": "本站今译", "workSimp": "今译", "authorSimp": "LibreBook 编者", "eraSimp": "当代", "yearsSimp": "", "descSimp": "编者据旧注与上下文所作语体今译，供阅读参照。", "shortSimp": "今译" } ], "sentences": [ { "id": "s001", "paragraph": 1, "text": "名與身孰親？", "textSimp": "名与身孰亲？", "translation": "名声与身体，哪一样更亲近？", "translationTrad": "名聲與身體，哪一樣更親近？", "noteIds": [ "c001", "c009", "c013", "c018", "c019", "c029", "c032", "c035", "c036", "c037", "c040", "c043", "c044", "c046", "c047" ], "noteCount": 15, "charNoteIds": [ "n001", "n002" ], "key": "laozi-44:s001", "n": 1 }, { "id": "s002", "paragraph": 1, "text": "身與貨孰多？", "textSimp": "身与货孰多？", "translation": "身体与财货，哪一样更贵重？", "translationTrad": "身體與財貨，哪一樣更貴重？", "noteIds": [ "c002", "c010", "c014", "c020", "c021", "c029", "c032", "c035", "c036", "c037", "c040", "c043", "c047" ], "noteCount": 13, "charNoteIds": [ "n003" ], "key": "laozi-44:s002", "n": 2 }, { "id": "s003", "paragraph": 1, "text": "得與亡孰病？", "textSimp": "得与亡孰病？", "translation": "得到与失去，哪一样更有害？", "translationTrad": "得到與失去，哪一樣更有害？", "noteIds": [ "c003", "c011", "c015", "c022", "c023", "c029", "c032", "c035", "c036", "c038", "c040", "c043", "c047" ], "noteCount": 13, "charNoteIds": [ "n004", "n005" ], "key": "laozi-44:s003", "n": 3 }, { "id": "s004", "paragraph": 1, "text": "是故甚愛必大費，多藏必厚亡。", "textSimp": "是故甚爱必大费，多藏必厚亡。", "translation": "所以过分爱惜，必定招致重大耗费；积藏太多，必定招致惨重损失。", "translationTrad": "所以過分愛惜，必定招致重大耗費；積藏太多，必定招致慘重損失。", "noteIds": [ "c004", "c005", "c012", "c016", "c024", "c025", "c030", "c033", "c035", "c036", "c039", "c041", "c043", "c045", "c047" ], "noteCount": 15, "charNoteIds": [ "n006", "n007", "n008", "n009" ], "key": "laozi-44:s004", "n": 4 }, { "id": "s005", "paragraph": 1, "text": "知足不辱，知止不殆，可以長久。", "textSimp": "知足不辱，知止不殆，可以长久。", "translation": "知道满足就不会受辱，知道适可而止就不会危险，这样才能长久。", "translationTrad": "知道滿足就不會受辱，知道適可而止就不會危險，這樣才能長久。", "noteIds": [ "c006", "c007", "c008", "c017", "c024", "c026", "c027", "c028", "c030", "c031", "c033", "c034", "c035", "c036", "c039", "c041", "c042", "c043", "c047" ], "noteCount": 19, "charNoteIds": [ "n010", "n011", "n012", "n013" ], "key": "laozi-44:s005", "n": 5 } ], "commentaries": [ { "id": "c001", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "名與身孰親", "kind": "note", "text": "名遂則身退也。", "authorNote": "河上公此章注據《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引，參校四部叢刊本；河上公題「立戒第四十四」，本無「是故」二字。", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "textSimp": "名遂则身退也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）（河上公此章注據《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引，參校四部叢刊本；河上公題「立戒第四十四」，本無「是故」二字。）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "河上公此章注据《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引，参校四部丛刊本；河上公题「立戒第四十四」，本无「是故」二字。", "lemmaSimp": "名与身孰亲" }, { "id": "c002", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "身與貨孰多", "kind": "note", "text": "財多則害身也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "textSimp": "财多则害身也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "lemmaSimp": "身与货孰多" }, { "id": "c003", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "得與亡孰病", "kind": "note", "text": "好得利則病於行也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "textSimp": "好得利则病于行也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "lemmaSimp": "得与亡孰病" }, { "id": "c004", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "甚愛必大費", "kind": "note", "text": "甚愛色者費精神，甚愛財者遇禍患；所愛者少，所亡者多，故言大費也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "textSimp": "甚爱色者费精神，甚爱财者遇祸患；所爱者少，所亡者多，故言大费也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "lemmaSimp": "甚爱必大费" }, { "id": "c005", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "多藏必厚亡", "kind": "note", "text": "生多藏於府庫，死多藏於丘墓；生有攻劫之憂，死有掘冢探柩之患。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "textSimp": "生多藏于府库，死多藏于丘墓；生有攻劫之忧，死有掘冢探柩之患。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "lemmaSimp": "多藏必厚亡" }, { "id": "c006", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "知足不辱", "kind": "note", "text": "知足之人，絕利去欲，不辱於身也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "textSimp": "知足之人，绝利去欲，不辱于身也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "lemmaSimp": "知足不辱" }, { "id": "c007", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "知止不殆", "kind": "note", "text": "知可止則止，財利不累於身，聲色不亂於耳目，則終身不危殆也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "textSimp": "知可止则止，财利不累于身，声色不乱于耳目，则终身不危殆也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "lemmaSimp": "知止不殆" }, { "id": "c008", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "可以長久", "kind": "note", "text": "人能知止足，則福祿在己；治身者神不勞，治國者民不擾，故可長久。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "textSimp": "人能知止足，则福禄在己；治身者神不劳，治国者民不扰，故可长久。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "lemmaSimp": "可以长久" }, { "id": "c009", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "名與身孰親", "kind": "note", "text": "尚名好高，其身必疏。", "authorNote": "王弼此章注據《道藏》本；底本「其身必䟽」，「䟽」即「疏」，今改。王弼本正文有「是故」二字。", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "尚名好高，其身必疏。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）（王弼此章注據《道藏》本；底本「其身必䟽」，「䟽」即「疏」，今改。王弼本正文有「是故」二字。）", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》（《道藏》本）", "authorNoteSimp": "王弼此章注据《道藏》本；底本「其身必䟽」，「䟽」即「疏」，今改。王弼本正文有「是故」二字。", "lemmaSimp": "名与身孰亲" }, { "id": "c010", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "身與貨孰多", "kind": "note", "text": "貪貨無厭，其身必少。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "贪货无厌，其身必少。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "身与货孰多" }, { "id": "c011", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "得與亡孰病", "kind": "note", "text": "得多利而亡其身，何者為病也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "得多利而亡其身，何者为病也。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "得与亡孰病" }, { "id": "c012", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "甚愛必大費，多藏必厚亡", "kind": "note", "text": "甚愛不與物通，多藏不與物散，求之者多，攻之者眾，為物所病，故大費厚亡也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "甚爱不与物通，多藏不与物散，求之者多，攻之者众，为物所病，故大费厚亡也。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "甚爱必大费，多藏必厚亡" }, { "id": "c013", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "名與身孰親", "kind": "note", "text": "身，內也，實也；名，外也，賓也。孰，誰也。世皆求外喪內，貪名亡實。何者？夫令譽方名，本為身者也；身既為名致死，名竟何所施為？老君愍茲顛倒，故問之：名之與身，誰是汝親乎？而汝貪名忘身耶？以斯校量，親疏可見。故莊子云：伯夷死名於首陽之下。", "authorNote": "成玄英此章義疏據《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引；《玄德纂疏》章題作「名與身孰親章第四十四」。", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "textSimp": "身，内也，实也；名，外也，宾也。孰，谁也。世皆求外丧内，贪名亡实。何者？夫令誉方名，本为身者也；身既为名致死，名竟何所施为？老君愍兹颠倒，故问之：名之与身，谁是汝亲乎？而汝贪名忘身耶？以斯校量，亲疏可见。故庄子云：伯夷死名于首阳之下。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）（成玄英此章義疏據《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引；《玄德纂疏》章題作「名與身孰親章第四十四」。）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "成玄英此章义疏据《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引；《玄德纂疏》章题作「名与身孰亲章第四十四」。", "lemmaSimp": "名与身孰亲" }, { "id": "c014", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "身與貨孰多", "kind": "note", "text": "夫資貨者，本為我身；迷惑之徒，喪身徇貨。故老君責言：汝去貨存身，利多耶？聚貨喪身，利多耶？故莊子曰：盜跖死利於東陵之上。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "textSimp": "夫资货者，本为我身；迷惑之徒，丧身徇货。故老君责言：汝去货存身，利多耶？聚货丧身，利多耶？故庄子曰：盗跖死利于东陵之上。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "lemmaSimp": "身与货孰多" }, { "id": "c015", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "得與亡孰病", "kind": "note", "text": "夫多貪得財，必喪己；少欲亡貨，則存身。然則得是喪己之徵，亡是存身之驗；喪己可以為病，存身可以為藥。世人翻以得為遇、以亡為病者，不亦謬乎？故教主云：得之與亡，定誰是病耶？", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "textSimp": "夫多贪得财，必丧己；少欲亡货，则存身。然则得是丧己之征，亡是存身之验；丧己可以为病，存身可以为药。世人翻以得为遇、以亡为病者，不亦谬乎？故教主云：得之与亡，定谁是病耶？", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "lemmaSimp": "得与亡孰病" }, { "id": "c016", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "甚愛必大費", "kind": "note", "text": "費，損也。為是義故，甚愛名譽之人，必大於勞形怵心、費神損智，此句解名也。", "authorNote": "《玄德纂疏》本句下成疏僅解名，多藏句無疏。", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "textSimp": "费，损也。为是义故，甚爱名誉之人，必大于劳形怵心、费神损智，此句解名也。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）（《玄德纂疏》本句下成疏僅解名，多藏句無疏。）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "《玄德纂疏》本句下成疏仅解名，多藏句无疏。", "lemmaSimp": "甚爱必大费" }, { "id": "c017", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "知足不辱，知止不殆，可以長久", "kind": "note", "text": "知足不辱，體知財賄虛假，守分不貪，清廉知足，故無恥辱，此一句結貨。知止不殆，既悟名譽非真，所以止而不著，全身遠害，故無危殆；上經云「名亦既有，夫將知止」，此句結名。可以長久，知止於名，知足於貨，亡名亡利，可長久。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "textSimp": "知足不辱，体知财贿虚假，守分不贪，清廉知足，故无耻辱，此一句结货。知止不殆，既悟名誉非真，所以止而不着，全身远害，故无危殆；上经云「名亦既有，夫将知止」，此句结名。可以长久，知止于名，知足于货，亡名亡利，可长久。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "lemmaSimp": "知足不辱，知止不殆，可以长久" }, { "id": "c018", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "名與身孰親", "kind": "note", "text": "名者，實之賓；代人徇名以亡身。設問誰親，欲令去功與名而全其真。", "authorNote": "此為御注。唐玄宗御注御疏此章據《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "名者，实之宾；代人徇名以亡身。设问谁亲，欲令去功与名而全其真。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引御注御疏）（此為御注。唐玄宗御注御疏此章據《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注。唐玄宗御注御疏此章据《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引。", "lemmaSimp": "名与身孰亲" }, { "id": "c019", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "名與身孰親", "kind": "note", "text": "此以名較量身也。孰，誰也。詳問云：夫以矜徇功名、保養身命，兩者既畢，誰者與全真保年之道為親乎？傷代人不能忘名以存身爾。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "此以名较量身也。孰，谁也。详问云：夫以矜徇功名、保养身命，两者既毕，谁者与全真保年之道为亲乎？伤代人不能忘名以存身尔。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "名与身孰亲" }, { "id": "c020", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "身與貨孰多", "kind": "note", "text": "徇名者將以求財，財得而亡身。設問孰多，欲令擲玉毀珠以全其和。", "authorNote": "此為御注。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "徇名者将以求财，财得而亡身。设问孰多，欲令掷玉毁珠以全其和。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引御注御疏）（此為御注。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注。", "lemmaSimp": "身与货孰多" }, { "id": "c021", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "身與貨孰多", "kind": "note", "text": "多者，可貴重之意也。言身與貨兩者既別，誰可貴耶？云此者，欲令悟身為多、不貴於貨也。注云「擲玉毀珠」者，莊子外篇之辭也。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "多者，可贵重之意也。言身与货两者既别，谁可贵耶？云此者，欲令悟身为多、不贵于货也。注云「掷玉毁珠」者，庄子外篇之辞也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "身与货孰多" }, { "id": "c022", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "得與亡孰病", "kind": "note", "text": "問得名貨與亡名貨，孰者病其身也。", "authorNote": "此為御注。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "问得名货与亡名货，孰者病其身也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引御注御疏）（此為御注。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注。", "lemmaSimp": "得与亡孰病" }, { "id": "c023", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "得與亡孰病", "kind": "note", "text": "此總問二句：得名貨與亡名貨，誰為病耶？得名貨則亡身，存身則亡名貨，歷然殊致，為病可知；而迷倒之徒莫之先覺，故後文詳答之爾。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "此总问二句：得名货与亡名货，谁为病耶？得名货则亡身，存身则亡名货，历然殊致，为病可知；而迷倒之徒莫之先觉，故后文详答之尔。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "得与亡孰病" }, { "id": "c024", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "甚愛必大費，多藏必厚亡", "kind": "note", "text": "甚愛名者必勞神，非大費乎？多藏貨者必累身，非厚亡乎？", "authorNote": "此為御注，統釋二句。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "甚爱名者必劳神，非大费乎？多藏货者必累身，非厚亡乎？", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引御注御疏）（此為御注，統釋二句。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注，统释二句。", "lemmaSimp": "甚爱必大费，多藏必厚亡" }, { "id": "c025", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "甚愛必大費", "kind": "note", "text": "此兩句總答前問。甚愛必大費者，此答名與身孰親。費猶損也，親猶愛也。甚愛名者，矯企情性，損費心神；所愛既甚，所費彌大矣。多藏必厚亡者，此答身與貨孰多。藏貨既多，其亡亦厚。劍玉賈害，譬諸懷璧；詩書發冢，只為含珠。唯貨之損，可為殷鑒。", "authorNote": "此為御疏，兼釋二句。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "此两句总答前问。甚爱必大费者，此答名与身孰亲。费犹损也，亲犹爱也。甚爱名者，矫企情性，损费心神；所爱既甚，所费弥大矣。多藏必厚亡者，此答身与货孰多。藏货既多，其亡亦厚。剑玉贾害，譬诸怀璧；诗书发冢，只为含珠。唯货之损，可为殷鉴。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引御注御疏）（此為御疏，兼釋二句。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏，兼释二句。", "lemmaSimp": "甚爱必大费" }, { "id": "c026", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "多藏必厚亡", "kind": "note", "text": "夫多藏賄於府庫者，必有劫盜之患；非但喪失財物，亦乃害及己身。其為敗亡，禍必深厚。故書云「匹夫無罪，懷璧其辜」；莊云「大儒臚傳曰：青青之麥，生於陵陂；生不布施，死何含珠為？於是以金鎚控其頤，徐別其頰，無傷口中珠」是也。此一句解貨。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "夫多藏贿于府库者，必有劫盗之患；非但丧失财物，亦乃害及己身。其为败亡，祸必深厚。故书云「匹夫无罪，怀璧其辜」；庄云「大儒胪传曰：青青之麦，生于陵陂；生不布施，死何含珠为？于是以金锤控其颐，徐别其颊，无伤口中珠」是也。此一句解货。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "多藏必厚亡" }, { "id": "c027", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "知足不辱，知止不殆，可以長久", "kind": "note", "text": "知足者不甚愛，知止者不多藏；既無辱殆，故可長久。", "authorNote": "此為御注。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "知足者不甚爱，知止者不多藏；既无辱殆，故可长久。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引御注御疏）（此為御注。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注。", "lemmaSimp": "知足不辱，知止不殆，可以长久" }, { "id": "c028", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "知足不辱，知止不殆，可以長久", "kind": "note", "text": "辱，損累也；殆，危亡也。夫不邇聲名，知足也；不殖貨財，知止也。知足故名當其實而無過分之累，知止故貨不多藏而無貪求之害；既不辱不殆，乃可長存而久壽也。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "辱，损累也；殆，危亡也。夫不迩声名，知足也；不殖货财，知止也。知足故名当其实而无过分之累，知止故货不多藏而无贪求之害；既不辱不殆，乃可长存而久寿也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "知足不辱，知止不殆，可以长久" }, { "id": "c029", "block": 0, "source": "yanzun", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "名與身孰親……得與亡孰病", "kind": "note", "text": "我性之所禀而為我者，道德也；其所假而生者，神明也；其所因而成者，太和也；其所託而形者，天地也。凡此數者，然我而我不能然也……由此觀之，禍極於死，福極於生。是以聖人上原道德之意，下揆天地之心，崇高顯榮、吉祥盛德、深閎浩大、尊寵窮極，莫大乎生；萬物陳列、奇怪珍寶、金玉珠璧、利深得巨，莫大乎身；禍世之匠、亂國之工，絕逆天地、傷害我身，莫大乎名；生憍長溢、困民貧國、擾濁精神、使心多欲，叛天違道、爭為盜賊，天下不親、世多兵革，一人為之、傷敗萬國、主死民亡、物蒙其毒，莫大乎貨。故得之與亡，或病或利：得名得貨，道德不居，神明不留，大命以絕，天不能救；失名失貨，道德是祐，神明是助，名顯自然，富配天地。", "authorNote": "嚴遵此章指歸據《道藏》本；嚴遵本無章題，此章自為一篇。引文有節略。", "citation": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "我性之所禀而为我者，道德也；其所假而生者，神明也；其所因而成者，太和也；其所托而形者，天地也。凡此数者，然我而我不能然也……由此观之，祸极于死，福极于生。是以圣人上原道德之意，下揆天地之心，崇高显荣、吉祥盛德、深闳浩大、尊宠穷极，莫大乎生；万物陈列、奇怪珍宝、金玉珠璧、利深得巨，莫大乎身；祸世之匠、乱国之工，绝逆天地、伤害我身，莫大乎名；生憍长溢、困民贫国、扰浊精神、使心多欲，叛天违道、争为盗贼，天下不亲、世多兵革，一人为之、伤败万国、主死民亡、物蒙其毒，莫大乎货。故得之与亡，或病或利：得名得货，道德不居，神明不留，大命以绝，天不能救；失名失货，道德是祐，神明是助，名显自然，富配天地。", "citationFull": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《道藏》本）（嚴遵此章指歸據《道藏》本；嚴遵本無章題，此章自為一篇。引文有節略。）", "citationSimp": "严遵《道德真经指归》（《道藏》本）", "authorNoteSimp": "严遵此章指归据《道藏》本；严遵本无章题，此章自为一篇。引文有节略。", "lemmaSimp": "名与身孰亲……得与亡孰病" }, { "id": "c030", "block": 0, "source": "yanzun", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "甚愛必大費……多藏必厚亡", "kind": "note", "text": "故細身大名，未可與論至道也；輕身重國，未可與圖利也。夫無名之名，生我之宅也；有名之名，喪我之橐也。無貨之貨，養我之福也；有貨之貨，喪我之賊也。是故甚愛其身，至建榮名，為之行之、力之勞之，強迫情性以損其神；多積貨財，日以憍盈，憍亡之道，貨名俱終。故神明不能活，天地不能全也。", "authorNote": "引文有節略。", "citation": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "故细身大名，未可与论至道也；轻身重国，未可与图利也。夫无名之名，生我之宅也；有名之名，丧我之橐也。无货之货，养我之福也；有货之货，丧我之贼也。是故甚爱其身，至建荣名，为之行之、力之劳之，强迫情性以损其神；多积货财，日以憍盈，憍亡之道，货名俱终。故神明不能活，天地不能全也。", "citationFull": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《道藏》本）（引文有節略。）", "citationSimp": "严遵《道德真经指归》（《道藏》本）", "authorNoteSimp": "引文有节略。", "lemmaSimp": "甚爱必大费……多藏必厚亡" }, { "id": "c031", "block": 0, "source": "yanzun", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "知足不辱，知止不殆，可以長久", "kind": "note", "text": "是以知足之人，體道同德，絕名除利，立我於無身，養物而不自生，與物而不自存；信順之間，足以存神，室家之業，足以終年，常自然故不可殺，處虛無故不可中；細名輕物故不可汙，欲不欲故能長榮。知止之人，貴為天子不以枉志，貧處巖穴不以幽神，進而不以為顯，退而不以為窮，無禍無福，無得無喪，不為有罪，不為有功，不求不辭，若海若江，遊揚玄域，神明是通，動順天地，故不可危；殊利異害，故能常然。是以精深而不拔，神固而不脫，魁如天地，照如日月，既精且神，以保其身。知足而止，故能長存。此謂遯名而名我隨，逃利而利我追者也。", "authorNote": "嚴遵於「知足不辱」下自注「所謂不辱也」，於「知止不殆」下自注「知止不殆也」，於「可以長久」下自注「是欲蓋而彰可以長久也」。引文有節略。", "citation": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "是以知足之人，体道同德，绝名除利，立我于无身，养物而不自生，与物而不自存；信顺之间，足以存神，室家之业，足以终年，常自然故不可杀，处虚无故不可中；细名轻物故不可污，欲不欲故能长荣。知止之人，贵为天子不以枉志，贫处岩穴不以幽神，进而不以为显，退而不以为穷，无祸无福，无得无丧，不为有罪，不为有功，不求不辞，若海若江，游扬玄域，神明是通，动顺天地，故不可危；殊利异害，故能常然。是以精深而不拔，神固而不脱，魁如天地，照如日月，既精且神，以保其身。知足而止，故能长存。此谓遯名而名我随，逃利而利我追者也。", "citationFull": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《道藏》本）（嚴遵於「知足不辱」下自注「所謂不辱也」，於「知止不殆」下自注「知止不殆也」，於「可以長久」下自注「是欲蓋而彰可以長久也」。引文有節略。）", "citationSimp": "严遵《道德真经指归》（《道藏》本）", "authorNoteSimp": "严遵于「知足不辱」下自注「所谓不辱也」，于「知止不殆」下自注「知止不殆也」，于「可以长久」下自注「是欲盖而彰可以长久也」。引文有节略。", "lemmaSimp": "知足不辱，知止不殆，可以长久" }, { "id": "c032", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "名與身孰親……得與亡孰病", "kind": "note", "text": "名者，外之稱譽；貨者，俗之財帛。身為忠孝之本，抑亦道德之基，理須外名利、存身神，反無為、修至道。而弱喪者不反，逐欲者失真，遂為名以殺身、因財而害己，迷淪者眾，聖人憫之，故詳問云：為得名得利為病？為失名利為病？俗得名利為善，而得之則身亡；失之為惡，亡之則已立。得失病利，誰能定乎？亡，失也。", "authorNote": "李榮此章注據《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引。", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "textSimp": "名者，外之称誉；货者，俗之财帛。身为忠孝之本，抑亦道德之基，理须外名利、存身神，反无为、修至道。而弱丧者不反，逐欲者失真，遂为名以杀身、因财而害己，迷沦者众，圣人悯之，故详问云：为得名得利为病？为失名利为病？俗得名利为善，而得之则身亡；失之为恶，亡之则已立。得失病利，谁能定乎？亡，失也。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）（李榮此章注據《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引。）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "李荣此章注据《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引。", "lemmaSimp": "名与身孰亲……得与亡孰病" }, { "id": "c033", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "甚愛必大費，多藏必厚亡", "kind": "note", "text": "是故甚愛必大費，為名以殺身，斯大費；多藏必厚亡，為財以傷己，斯厚亡。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "textSimp": "是故甚爱必大费，为名以杀身，斯大费；多藏必厚亡，为财以伤己，斯厚亡。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "lemmaSimp": "甚爱必大费，多藏必厚亡" }, { "id": "c034", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "知足不辱，知止不殆，可以長久", "kind": "note", "text": "知足不辱，不分外以求名，遠恥辱也；知止不殆，不非理以窺財，無危殆也；可以長久，外之以名利，遠之於危殆，理國可以長存，修身可以久視。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "textSimp": "知足不辱，不分外以求名，远耻辱也；知止不殆，不非理以窥财，无危殆也；可以长久，外之以名利，远之于危殆，理国可以长存，修身可以久视。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "lemmaSimp": "知足不辱，知止不殆，可以长久" }, { "id": "c035", "block": 0, "source": "luxisheng", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "名與身孰親……可以長久", "kind": "note", "text": "夫名者，立身之表也；有其實，則身見尊於當時，名亦揚於後世。苟以矯激為之，不足施於事實，則名雖聞人，身必棄於有道矣。貨者，發身之資也；得所用，則身以好施見重，貨不為己而積。苟以貪冒得之，不能散於仁惠，則貨雖滿堂，身必薄於有德矣。得竊名黷貨之譏，而亡其修身約己之道，二者孰為病乎？故甚愛名者必生偽，則大傷其實矣；多藏貨者必招盜，則厚失其資矣。故知足則不貪貨，知止則不貪名；不貪貨則不辱，不貪名則不殆。夫唯如此，則其名可以長有，其貨可以久守矣。", "authorNote": "陸希聲此章傳據《道藏》本；此傳整章通釋。", "citation": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "夫名者，立身之表也；有其实，则身见尊于当时，名亦扬于后世。苟以矫激为之，不足施于事实，则名虽闻人，身必弃于有道矣。货者，发身之资也；得所用，则身以好施见重，货不为己而积。苟以贪冒得之，不能散于仁惠，则货虽满堂，身必薄于有德矣。得窃名黩货之讥，而亡其修身约己之道，二者孰为病乎？故甚爱名者必生伪，则大伤其实矣；多藏货者必招盗，则厚失其资矣。故知足则不贪货，知止则不贪名；不贪货则不辱，不贪名则不殆。夫唯如此，则其名可以长有，其货可以久守矣。", "citationFull": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本）（陸希聲此章傳據《道藏》本；此傳整章通釋。）", "citationSimp": "陆希声《道德经传》（《道藏》本）", "authorNoteSimp": "陆希声此章传据《道藏》本；此传整章通释。", "lemmaSimp": "名与身孰亲……可以长久" }, { "id": "c036", "block": 0, "source": "lvhuiqing", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "名與身孰親……可以長久", "kind": "note", "text": "列士之所徇者，名也；而至於殘生傷性，則不知身之親於名也，故曰名與身孰親。貪夫之所徇者，貨也；而至於殘生傷性，則不知身之多於貨也，故曰身與貨孰多。所徇者名，則世謂之君子；所徇者貨，則世謂之小人。君子小人之所徇雖或不同，而亡其所存則一也。然則得名與貨而亡其存，則不知亡之病於得也，故曰得與亡孰病。是故愛名欲以貴其身也，以甚愛之故，並其良貴而失之，是大費也；蓄貨欲以富其身也，以多藏之故，并其至富而害之，是厚亡也。夫唯有德者知至貴之在己，而無待於名也，故知足而不辱；知至富之在己，而無待於貨也，故知止而不殆。不辱不殆，則可以長久矣。", "authorNote": "呂惠卿此章傳據《道藏》本；此傳整章通釋。", "citation": "呂惠卿《道德真經傳》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "列士之所徇者，名也；而至于残生伤性，则不知身之亲于名也，故曰名与身孰亲。贪夫之所徇者，货也；而至于残生伤性，则不知身之多于货也，故曰身与货孰多。所徇者名，则世谓之君子；所徇者货，则世谓之小人。君子小人之所徇虽或不同，而亡其所存则一也。然则得名与货而亡其存，则不知亡之病于得也，故曰得与亡孰病。是故爱名欲以贵其身也，以甚爱之故，并其良贵而失之，是大费也；蓄货欲以富其身也，以多藏之故，并其至富而害之，是厚亡也。夫唯有德者知至贵之在己，而无待于名也，故知足而不辱；知至富之在己，而无待于货也，故知止而不殆。不辱不殆，则可以长久矣。", "citationFull": "呂惠卿《道德真經傳》（《道藏》本）（呂惠卿此章傳據《道藏》本；此傳整章通釋。）", "citationSimp": "吕惠卿《道德真经传》（《道藏》本）", "authorNoteSimp": "吕惠卿此章传据《道藏》本；此传整章通释。", "lemmaSimp": "名与身孰亲……可以长久" }, { "id": "c037", "block": 0, "source": "suzhe", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "名與身孰親，身與貨孰多", "kind": "note", "text": "先身而後名，貴身而賤貨，猶未為忘我也。夫忘我者，身且不有，而況於名與貨乎？然貴以身為天下，非忘我不能，故使天下知名之不足親、貨之不足多，而後知貴身；知貴身而後知忘我，此老子之意也。", "authorNote": "蘇轍此章解據《道藏》本；底本「名與身執親」，「執」當是「孰」之訛；末句無注。", "citation": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "先身而后名，贵身而贱货，犹未为忘我也。夫忘我者，身且不有，而况于名与货乎？然贵以身为天下，非忘我不能，故使天下知名之不足亲、货之不足多，而后知贵身；知贵身而后知忘我，此老子之意也。", "citationFull": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本）（蘇轍此章解據《道藏》本；底本「名與身執親」，「執」當是「孰」之訛；末句無注。）", "citationSimp": "苏辙《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "authorNoteSimp": "苏辙此章解据《道藏》本；底本「名与身执亲」，「执」当是「孰」之讹；末句无注。", "lemmaSimp": "名与身孰亲，身与货孰多" }, { "id": "c038", "block": 0, "source": "suzhe", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "得與亡孰病", "kind": "note", "text": "不得者以亡為病；及其既得而患失，則病又有甚於亡者。惟齊有無、均得喪，而後無病也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "不得者以亡为病；及其既得而患失，则病又有甚于亡者。惟齐有无、均得丧，而后无病也。", "citationFull": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "苏辙《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "得与亡孰病" }, { "id": "c039", "block": 0, "source": "suzhe", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "甚愛必大費，多藏必厚亡", "kind": "note", "text": "愛之甚，則凡可以求之者無所不為，能無費乎？藏之多，則攻之者必眾，能無亡乎？", "authorNote": "", "citation": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "爱之甚，则凡可以求之者无所不为，能无费乎？藏之多，则攻之者必众，能无亡乎？", "citationFull": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "苏辙《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "甚爱必大费，多藏必厚亡" }, { "id": "c040", "block": 0, "source": "wucheng", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "名與身孰親……得與亡孰病", "kind": "note", "text": "親，猶云所愛；名與身孰為可愛者乎？多，猶云所重；身與貨孰為可重者乎？名在身字上、貨在身字下者，便文以協韻爾。司馬氏曰：得名貨而亡身，與得身而亡名貨，一者孰病？", "authorNote": "吳澄此章注據《道藏》本；吳澄以此章自為其第三十六章，前此第四十至四十三章合為第三十五章。", "citation": "吳澄《道德真經注》", "textSimp": "亲，犹云所爱；名与身孰为可爱者乎？多，犹云所重；身与货孰为可重者乎？名在身字上、货在身字下者，便文以协韵尔。司马氏曰：得名货而亡身，与得身而亡名货，一者孰病？", "citationFull": "吳澄《道德真經注》（吳澄此章注據《道藏》本；吳澄以此章自為其第三十六章，前此第四十至四十三章合為第三十五章。）", "citationSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》", "authorNoteSimp": "吴澄此章注据《道藏》本；吴澄以此章自为其第三十六章，前此第四十至四十三章合为第三十五章。", "lemmaSimp": "名与身孰亲……得与亡孰病" }, { "id": "c041", "block": 0, "source": "wucheng", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "甚愛必大費，多藏必厚亡", "kind": "note", "text": "愛，愛名；大，謂身也。以名比身，則身大於名；慕名者甚其愛，而愛身反不如之，必至耗費精神而損壽，是因名而使身之大者耗費也，故曰大費。藏，藏貨；厚，謂身也。以貨比身，則身厚於貨；嗜貨者多其藏，而重身反不如之，必至喪亡軀命而隕生，是因貨而使身之厚者喪亡也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "吳澄《道德真經注》", "textSimp": "爱，爱名；大，谓身也。以名比身，则身大于名；慕名者甚其爱，而爱身反不如之，必至耗费精神而损寿，是因名而使身之大者耗费也，故曰大费。藏，藏货；厚，谓身也。以货比身，则身厚于货；嗜货者多其藏，而重身反不如之，必至丧亡躯命而陨生，是因货而使身之厚者丧亡也。", "citationFull": "吳澄《道德真經注》", "citationSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》", "lemmaSimp": "甚爱必大费，多藏必厚亡" }, { "id": "c042", "block": 0, "source": "wucheng", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "知足不辱，知止不殆，可以長久", "kind": "note", "text": "知內分有定，則足而不貪，故不致失譽虧行之辱；知外物無益，則止而不求，故不致損壽隕生之殆，而可長久也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "吳澄《道德真經注》", "textSimp": "知内分有定，则足而不贪，故不致失誉亏行之辱；知外物无益，则止而不求，故不致损寿陨生之殆，而可长久也。", "citationFull": "吳澄《道德真經注》", "citationSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》", "lemmaSimp": "知足不辱，知止不殆，可以长久" }, { "id": "c043", "block": 0, "source": "hanshan", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "名與身孰親……可以長久", "kind": "note", "text": "此言名利損生，誡人當知止足也。謂世人只知名之可貪，故忘身以殉名；殊不知名乃身外之虛聲耳，與身較之，身親而名疏，故曰孰親。貨，利也；謂世人只知利之可貪，故忘身以殉利；殊不知利乃身之長物耳，與身較之，身在則有餘，故曰孰多。世人不察，每役役於名利之間，貪得而無厭，戕生而傷性；與夫貪得而身亡，不若身存而遠害，故曰得與亡孰病。故凡愛之甚者，費必大；藏之多者，亡必厚。如以隋侯之珠，彈千仞之雀，雀未得而珠已失，此愛之甚而不知所費者大矣；如斂天下之財，以縱鹿臺之欲，天下叛而臺已空，此藏之多而不知所亡者厚矣。不唯愛者費而藏者亡，抑且身死名滅，國危而不安，斯皆不知止足之過也。故知足則不辱，知止則不殆，即斯可以長久矣。噫！老氏此言，可謂破千古之重昏，啟膏肓之妙藥，昭然如揭日月於中天也；而人不察乎此，惜哉！", "authorNote": "憨山此章解據公開轉錄本；此解整章通釋。", "citation": "釋德清《道德經解》", "textSimp": "此言名利损生，诫人当知止足也。谓世人只知名之可贪，故忘身以殉名；殊不知名乃身外之虚声耳，与身较之，身亲而名疏，故曰孰亲。货，利也；谓世人只知利之可贪，故忘身以殉利；殊不知利乃身之长物耳，与身较之，身在则有余，故曰孰多。世人不察，每役役于名利之间，贪得而无厌，戕生而伤性；与夫贪得而身亡，不若身存而远害，故曰得与亡孰病。故凡爱之甚者，费必大；藏之多者，亡必厚。如以隋侯之珠，弹千仞之雀，雀未得而珠已失，此爱之甚而不知所费者大矣；如敛天下之财，以纵鹿台之欲，天下叛而台已空，此藏之多而不知所亡者厚矣。不唯爱者费而藏者亡，抑且身死名灭，国危而不安，斯皆不知止足之过也。故知足则不辱，知止则不殆，即斯可以长久矣。噫！老氏此言，可谓破千古之重昏，启膏肓之妙药，昭然如揭日月于中天也；而人不察乎此，惜哉！", "citationFull": "釋德清《道德經解》（憨山此章解據公開轉錄本；此解整章通釋。）", "citationSimp": "释德清《道德经解》", "authorNoteSimp": "憨山此章解据公开转录本；此解整章通释。", "lemmaSimp": "名与身孰亲……可以长久" }, { "id": "c044", "block": 0, "source": "weiyuan", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "名與身孰親", "kind": "note", "text": "河上分「天下之至柔」以下別為一章。今按上文損益分挈，末語不言無為分承，文義顯然，吳澄合之是也。又按侯王孤寡不穀，正與「得一章」首尾相應，尤可證此與上章皆發明得一章之旨也。", "authorNote": "魏源此章為其第三十七章；此為章首章次按語，謂此章與上章皆發明第三十九章「得一」之旨。魏源此章校記據《老子本義》下篇。", "citation": "魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "河上分「天下之至柔」以下别为一章。今按上文损益分挈，末语不言无为分承，文义显然，吴澄合之是也。又按侯王孤寡不谷，正与「得一章」首尾相应，尤可证此与上章皆发明得一章之旨也。", "citationFull": "魏源《老子本義》（魏源此章為其第三十七章；此為章首章次按語，謂此章與上章皆發明第三十九章「得一」之旨。魏源此章校記據《老子本義》下篇。）", "citationSimp": "魏源《老子本义》", "authorNoteSimp": "魏源此章为其第三十七章；此为章首章次按语，谓此章与上章皆发明第三十九章「得一」之旨。魏源此章校记据《老子本义》下篇。", "lemmaSimp": "名与身孰亲" }, { "id": "c045", "block": 0, "source": "weiyuan", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "是故甚愛必大費", "kind": "note", "text": "河上無「是故」二字，王弼有。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "河上无「是故」二字，王弼有。", "citationFull": "魏源《老子本義》", "citationSimp": "魏源《老子本义》", "lemmaSimp": "是故甚爱必大费" }, { "id": "c046", "block": 0, "source": "weiyuan", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "名與身孰親，身與貨孰多", "kind": "note", "text": "身親為韻，貨多為韻，藏亡為韻，足辱為韻，止殆久為韻；首二句名在身上、貨在身下者，協韻耳。", "authorNote": "魏源此章韻讀，附於章末校記。", "citation": "魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "身亲为韵，货多为韵，藏亡为韵，足辱为韵，止殆久为韵；首二句名在身上、货在身下者，协韵耳。", "citationFull": "魏源《老子本義》（魏源此章韻讀，附於章末校記。）", "citationSimp": "魏源《老子本义》", "authorNoteSimp": "魏源此章韵读，附于章末校记。", "lemmaSimp": "名与身孰亲，身与货孰多" }, { "id": "c047", "block": 0, "source": "wangfuzhi", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "名與身孰親……可以長久", "kind": "note", "text": "所謂至人者，豈果其距物以孤處哉？而坐視其變，知我之終無如物何，而物亦終無如我何也。故「辱」有自來，而「辱」或無自來；「殆」有自召，而「殆」或不召而至。然而以「身」捷得其眚而受其「名」，則不如無居之為愈也。故謂之善愛「名」而善居「貨」，善襲「得」而善遣「亡」。「得」之於「身」，聽然以消陰陽之沴；得之於天下，泮然以斃虎兕之威。", "authorNote": "王夫之此章衍文據公開轉錄本；底本正文無「是故」，作「故知足不辱」，並夾注薛君采語，今不錄。", "citation": "王夫之《老子衍》", "textSimp": "所谓至人者，岂果其距物以孤处哉？而坐视其变，知我之终无如物何，而物亦终无如我何也。故「辱」有自来，而「辱」或无自来；「殆」有自召，而「殆」或不召而至。然而以「身」捷得其眚而受其「名」，则不如无居之为愈也。故谓之善爱「名」而善居「货」，善袭「得」而善遣「亡」。「得」之于「身」，听然以消阴阳之沴；得之于天下，泮然以毙虎兕之威。", "citationFull": "王夫之《老子衍》（王夫之此章衍文據公開轉錄本；底本正文無「是故」，作「故知足不辱」，並夾注薛君采語，今不錄。）", "citationSimp": "王夫之《老子衍》", "authorNoteSimp": "王夫之此章衍文据公开转录本；底本正文无「是故」，作「故知足不辱」，并夹注薛君采语，今不录。", "lemmaSimp": "名与身孰亲……可以长久" } ], "charNotes": [ { "id": "n001", "sentenceId": "s001", "start": 0, "end": 1, "char": "名", "charSimp": "名", "startSimp": 0, "endSimp": 1, "pinyin": "míng", "gloss": "名聲、名譽；與身體相對。", "glossSimp": "名声、名誉；与身体相对。", "general": "王弼謂尚名好高則其身必疏，河上公謂名遂則身退，成玄英謂名為外賓、貪名亡實。", "generalSimp": "王弼谓尚名好高则其身必疏，河上公谓名遂则身退，成玄英谓名为外宾、贪名亡实。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "wangbi", "heshanggong", "chengxuanying" ], "refsSimp": [ "wangbi", "heshanggong", "chengxuanying" ] }, { "id": "n002", "sentenceId": "s001", "start": 2, "end": 3, "char": "身", "charSimp": "身", "startSimp": 2, "endSimp": 3, "pinyin": "shēn", "gloss": "身體、生命；與名、貨相對。", "glossSimp": "身体、生命；与名、货相对。", "general": "成玄英謂身內實而名外賓，李榮謂身為忠孝之本、道德之基，吳澄謂以名比身則身大於名。", "generalSimp": "成玄英谓身内实而名外宾，李荣谓身为忠孝之本、道德之基，吴澄谓以名比身则身大于名。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "chengxuanying", "lirong", "wucheng" ], "refsSimp": [ "chengxuanying", "lirong", "wucheng" ] }, { "id": "n003", "sentenceId": "s002", "start": 2, "end": 3, "char": "貨", "charSimp": "货", "startSimp": 2, "endSimp": 3, "pinyin": "huò", "gloss": "財貨、財物。", "glossSimp": "财货、财物。", "general": "河上公謂財多則害身，成玄英謂資貨本為我身、迷惑之徒喪身徇貨，陸希聲謂貨為發身之資。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓财多则害身，成玄英谓资货本为我身、迷惑之徒丧身徇货，陆希声谓货为发身之资。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "heshanggong", "chengxuanying", "luxisheng" ], "refsSimp": [ "heshanggong", "chengxuanying", "luxisheng" ] }, { "id": "n004", "sentenceId": "s003", "start": 0, "end": 3, "char": "得與亡", "charSimp": "得与亡", "startSimp": 0, "endSimp": 3, "pinyin": "dé yǔ wáng", "gloss": "得到與失去，指名與貨的得失；亡，失也。", "glossSimp": "得到与失去，指名与货的得失；亡，失也。", "general": "河上公謂好得利則病於行，成玄英謂得是喪己之徵、亡是存身之驗，李榮謂亡失也。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓好得利则病于行，成玄英谓得是丧己之征、亡是存身之验，李荣谓亡失也。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "heshanggong", "chengxuanying", "lirong" ], "refsSimp": [ "heshanggong", "chengxuanying", "lirong" ] }, { "id": "n005", "sentenceId": "s003", "start": 4, "end": 5, "char": "病", "charSimp": "病", "startSimp": 4, "endSimp": 5, "pinyin": "bìng", "gloss": "有害、病患。", "glossSimp": "有害、病患。", "general": "王弼謂得多利而亡其身，何者為病；蘇轍謂既得患失則病甚於亡。", "generalSimp": "王弼谓得多利而亡其身，何者为病；苏辙谓既得患失则病甚于亡。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "wangbi", "suzhe" ], "refsSimp": [ "wangbi", "suzhe" ] }, { "id": "n006", "sentenceId": "s004", "start": 2, "end": 4, "char": "甚愛", "charSimp": "甚爱", "startSimp": 2, "endSimp": 4, "pinyin": "shèn ài", "gloss": "過分愛惜，指貪戀名色財貨。", "glossSimp": "过分爱惜，指贪恋名色财货。", "general": "河上公謂甚愛色者費精神、甚愛財者遇禍患，成玄英謂甚愛名譽者勞形怵心、費神損智。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓甚爱色者费精神、甚爱财者遇祸患，成玄英谓甚爱名誉者劳形怵心、费神损智。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "heshanggong", "chengxuanying" ], "refsSimp": [ "heshanggong", "chengxuanying" ] }, { "id": "n007", "sentenceId": "s004", "start": 5, "end": 7, "char": "大費", "charSimp": "大费", "startSimp": 5, "endSimp": 7, "pinyin": "dà fèi", "gloss": "重大耗費、巨大損失。", "glossSimp": "重大耗费、巨大损失。", "general": "王弼謂甚愛不與物通，故為物所病；成玄英謂費，損也；吳澄謂因名而使身之大者耗費。", "generalSimp": "王弼谓甚爱不与物通，故为物所病；成玄英谓费，损也；吴澄谓因名而使身之大者耗费。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "wangbi", "chengxuanying", "wucheng" ], "refsSimp": [ "wangbi", "chengxuanying", "wucheng" ] }, { "id": "n008", "sentenceId": "s004", "start": 8, "end": 10, "char": "多藏", "charSimp": "多藏", "startSimp": 8, "endSimp": 10, "pinyin": "duō cáng", "gloss": "積藏過多，指聚斂財貨。", "glossSimp": "积藏过多，指聚敛财货。", "general": "河上公謂生多藏於府庫、死多藏於丘墓，王弼謂多藏不與物散，唐玄宗謂多藏貨者必累身。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓生多藏于府库、死多藏于丘墓，王弼谓多藏不与物散，唐玄宗谓多藏货者必累身。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "heshanggong", "wangbi", "tangxuanzong" ], "refsSimp": [ "heshanggong", "wangbi", "tangxuanzong" ] }, { "id": "n009", "sentenceId": "s004", "start": 11, "end": 13, "char": "厚亡", "charSimp": "厚亡", "startSimp": 11, "endSimp": 13, "pinyin": "hòu wáng", "gloss": "慘重損失、重大敗亡。", "glossSimp": "惨重损失、重大败亡。", "general": "河上公謂生有攻劫之憂、死有掘冢探柩之患，唐玄宗謂其亡亦厚，吳澄謂因貨而使身之厚者喪亡。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓生有攻劫之忧、死有掘冢探柩之患，唐玄宗谓其亡亦厚，吴澄谓因货而使身之厚者丧亡。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "heshanggong", "tangxuanzong", "wucheng" ], "refsSimp": [ "heshanggong", "tangxuanzong", "wucheng" ] }, { "id": "n010", "sentenceId": "s005", "start": 0, "end": 2, "char": "知足", "charSimp": "知足", "startSimp": 0, "endSimp": 2, "pinyin": "zhī zú", "gloss": "知道滿足，不貪求。", "glossSimp": "知道满足，不贪求。", "general": "河上公謂知足之人絕利去欲、不辱於身，唐玄宗謂知足者不甚愛，嚴遵謂知足之人體道同德、絕名除利。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓知足之人绝利去欲、不辱于身，唐玄宗谓知足者不甚爱，严遵谓知足之人体道同德、绝名除利。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "heshanggong", "tangxuanzong", "yanzun" ], "refsSimp": [ "heshanggong", "tangxuanzong", "yanzun" ] }, { "id": "n011", "sentenceId": "s005", "start": 5, "end": 7, "char": "知止", "charSimp": "知止", "startSimp": 5, "endSimp": 7, "pinyin": "zhī zhǐ", "gloss": "知道適可而止，不妄求。", "glossSimp": "知道适可而止，不妄求。", "general": "河上公謂知可止則止、財利不累於身，唐玄宗謂知止者不多藏，吳澄謂知外物無益則止而不求。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓知可止则止、财利不累于身，唐玄宗谓知止者不多藏，吴澄谓知外物无益则止而不求。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "heshanggong", "tangxuanzong", "wucheng" ], "refsSimp": [ "heshanggong", "tangxuanzong", "wucheng" ] }, { "id": "n012", "sentenceId": "s005", "start": 8, "end": 9, "char": "殆", "charSimp": "殆", "startSimp": 8, "endSimp": 9, "pinyin": "dài", "gloss": "危險、危殆。", "glossSimp": "危险、危殆。", "general": "唐玄宗御疏謂殆，危亡也；吳澄謂不致損壽隕生之殆。", "generalSimp": "唐玄宗御疏谓殆，危亡也；吴澄谓不致损寿陨生之殆。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "tangxuanzong", "wucheng" ], "refsSimp": [ "tangxuanzong", "wucheng" ] }, { "id": "n013", "sentenceId": "s005", "start": 12, "end": 14, "char": "長久", "charSimp": "长久", "startSimp": 12, "endSimp": 14, "pinyin": "cháng jiǔ", "gloss": "長存久視，指身與名貨皆得保全。", "glossSimp": "长存久视，指身与名货皆得保全。", "general": "河上公謂治身者神不勞、治國者民不擾故可長久，李榮謂理國可以長存、修身可以久視。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓治身者神不劳、治国者民不扰故可长久，李荣谓理国可以长存、修身可以久视。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "heshanggong", "lirong" ], "refsSimp": [ "heshanggong", "lirong" ] } ], "glossary": { "名": "名聲、名譽；與身體相對。王弼謂尚名好高則身疏，成玄英謂名為外賓。", "身": "身體、生命；與名、貨相對。李榮謂身為忠孝之本、道德之基。", "貨": "財貨、財物。河上公謂財多則害身，陸希聲謂貨為發身之資。", "得與亡": "得到與失去，指名與貨的得失；亡，失也。", "病": "有害、病患。王弼謂得多利而亡其身，何者為病。", "甚愛": "過分愛惜，指貪戀名色財貨。", "大費": "重大耗費、巨大損失。成玄英謂費，損也。", "多藏": "積藏過多，指聚斂財貨。", "厚亡": "慘重損失、重大敗亡。", "知足": "知道滿足，不貪求。", "知止": "知道適可而止，不妄求。", "殆": "危險、危殆。唐玄宗御疏謂殆，危亡也。", "長久": "長存久視，指身與名貨皆得保全。", "立戒": "河上公本章章題。", "名與身章": "呂惠卿、蘇轍本章章題。", "得一章": "指第三十九章「昔之得一者」；魏源謂此章與上章發明得一章之旨。", "懷璧其辜": "《左傳》「匹夫無罪，懷璧其罪」，唐玄宗御疏引以說多藏招禍。", "擲玉毀珠": "唐玄宗御注引《莊子》語，謂棄貨以全其和。", "鹿臺": "商紂積財之臺；憨山引以說多藏厚亡。", "沴": "陰陽不和之氣；王夫之謂得於身則消陰陽之沴。", "虎兕": "虎與犀牛，喻凶暴之力；王夫之謂得於天下則斃虎兕之威。" }, "collations": [ { "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "章次與章題", "text": "王弼本無章題。河上公題「立戒第四十四」；《玄德纂疏》卷十二題「名與身孰親章第四十四」；呂惠卿、蘇轍題「名與身章第四十四」；吳澄以此章自為其第三十六章，合第四十至四十三章為其第三十五章；魏源以此章為其第三十七章，合第四十二、四十三章為其第三十六章；嚴遵本無章題，此章自為一篇。本站從王弼本分章。", "source": "河上公《老子道德經章句》、王弼《老子道德經注》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、魏源《老子本義》、嚴遵《道德真經指歸》", "textSimp": "王弼本无章题。河上公题「立戒第四十四」；《玄德纂疏》卷十二题「名与身孰亲章第四十四」；吕惠卿、苏辙题「名与身章第四十四」；吴澄以此章自为其第三十六章，合第四十至四十三章为其第三十五章；魏源以此章为其第三十七章，合第四十二、四十三章为其第三十六章；严遵本无章题，此章自为一篇。本站从王弼本分章。", "headwordSimp": "章次与章题", "sourceSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》、王弼《老子道德经注》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、魏源《老子本义》、严遵《道德真经指归》", "id": "k001" }, { "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "是故甚愛必大費", "text": "王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮、嚴遵、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、魏源作「是故甚愛必大費」；河上公、憨山、王夫之無「是故」二字。魏源云河上無「是故」、王弼有。本站從王弼本。", "source": "王弼《老子道德經注》、河上公《老子道德經章句》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、李榮《道德真經注》、嚴遵《道德真經指歸》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》、王夫之《老子衍》", "textSimp": "王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、李荣、严遵、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、魏源作「是故甚爱必大费」；河上公、憨山、王夫之无「是故」二字。魏源云河上无「是故」、王弼有。本站从王弼本。", "headwordSimp": "是故甚爱必大费", "sourceSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》、河上公《老子道德经章句》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、李荣《道德真经注》、严遵《道德真经指归》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》、王夫之《老子衍》", "id": "k002" }, { "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "故知足不辱", "text": "王弼、河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山、魏源作「知足不辱」；嚴遵、王夫之作「故知足不辱」。本站從王弼本。", "source": "王弼《老子道德經注》、河上公《老子道德經章句》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、李榮《道德真經注》、嚴遵《道德真經指歸》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》、王夫之《老子衍》", "textSimp": "王弼、河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李荣、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、憨山、魏源作「知足不辱」；严遵、王夫之作「故知足不辱」。本站从王弼本。", "headwordSimp": "故知足不辱", "sourceSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》、河上公《老子道德经章句》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、李荣《道德真经注》、严遵《道德真经指归》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》、王夫之《老子衍》", "id": "k003" }, { "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "名與身孰親", "text": "蘇轍底本「孰」作「執」，作「名與身執親」，當是形近之訛；諸本並作「孰」。本站從王弼本。", "source": "蘇轍《老子解》、王弼《老子道德經注》", "textSimp": "苏辙底本「孰」作「执」，作「名与身执亲」，当是形近之讹；诸本并作「孰」。本站从王弼本。", "headwordSimp": "名与身孰亲", "sourceSimp": "苏辙《老子解》、王弼《老子道德经注》", "id": "k004" }, { "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "出處與注數", "text": "河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗御注御疏、李榮此章據《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引；王弼、嚴遵、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄據《道藏》本；憨山、魏源、王夫之據公開轉錄本。河上公八條、王弼四條、成玄英五條、唐玄宗御注御疏十一條、嚴遵三條、李榮三條、蘇轍三條、吳澄三條、魏源三條；陸希聲、呂惠卿、憨山、王夫之各一條。俞樾《諸子平議》此章未列。", "source": "河上公《老子道德經章句》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、李榮《道德真經注》（以上據《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）、王弼《老子道德經注》、嚴遵《道德真經指歸》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》、王夫之《老子衍》、俞樾《諸子平議·老子平議》", "textSimp": "河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗御注御疏、李荣此章据《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引；王弼、严遵、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄据《道藏》本；憨山、魏源、王夫之据公开转录本。河上公八条、王弼四条、成玄英五条、唐玄宗御注御疏十一条、严遵三条、李荣三条、苏辙三条、吴澄三条、魏源三条；陆希声、吕惠卿、憨山、王夫之各一条。俞樾《诸子平议》此章未列。", "headwordSimp": "出处与注数", "sourceSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、李荣《道德真经注》（以上据《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）、王弼《老子道德经注》、严遵《道德真经指归》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》、王夫之《老子衍》、俞樾《诸子平议·老子平议》", "id": "k005" } ], "glossarySimp": { "名": "名声、名誉；与身体相对。王弼谓尚名好高则身疏，成玄英谓名为外宾。", "身": "身体、生命；与名、货相对。李荣谓身为忠孝之本、道德之基。", "货": "财货、财物。河上公谓财多则害身，陆希声谓货为发身之资。", "得与亡": "得到与失去，指名与货的得失；亡，失也。", "病": "有害、病患。王弼谓得多利而亡其身，何者为病。", "甚爱": "过分爱惜，指贪恋名色财货。", "大费": "重大耗费、巨大损失。成玄英谓费，损也。", "多藏": "积藏过多，指聚敛财货。", "厚亡": "惨重损失、重大败亡。", "知足": "知道满足，不贪求。", "知止": "知道适可而止，不妄求。", "殆": "危险、危殆。唐玄宗御疏谓殆，危亡也。", "长久": "长存久视，指身与名货皆得保全。", "立戒": "河上公本章章题。", "名与身章": "吕惠卿、苏辙本章章题。", "得一章": "指第三十九章「昔之得一者」；魏源谓此章与上章发明得一章之旨。", "怀璧其辜": "《左传》「匹夫无罪，怀璧其罪」，唐玄宗御疏引以说多藏招祸。", "掷玉毁珠": "唐玄宗御注引《庄子》语，谓弃货以全其和。", "鹿台": "商纣积财之台；憨山引以说多藏厚亡。", "沴": "阴阳不和之气；王夫之谓得于身则消阴阳之沴。", "虎兕": "虎与犀牛，喻凶暴之力；王夫之谓得于天下则毙虎兕之威。" }, "lexicon": { "note": "由构建脚本从字词注与常用字表生成，供义位词典和开放数据集使用；occurrence 统计按繁体与简体正文分别匹配后合并。", "entries": [ { "order": 1, "id": "n001", "noteId": "n001", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "名", "headwordSimp": "名", "pinyin": "míng", "gloss": "名聲、名譽；與身體相對。", "glossSimp": "名声、名誉；与身体相对。", "general": "王弼謂尚名好高則其身必疏，河上公謂名遂則身退，成玄英謂名為外賓、貪名亡實。", "generalSimp": "王弼谓尚名好高则其身必疏，河上公谓名遂则身退，成玄英谓名为外宾、贪名亡实。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "wangbi", "heshanggong", "chengxuanying" ], "refsSimp": [ "wangbi", "heshanggong", "chengxuanying" ], "forms": [ { "form": "名", "formSimp": "名", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 2, "id": "n002", "noteId": "n002", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "身", "headwordSimp": "身", "pinyin": "shēn", "gloss": "身體、生命；與名、貨相對。", "glossSimp": "身体、生命；与名、货相对。", "general": "成玄英謂身內實而名外賓，李榮謂身為忠孝之本、道德之基，吳澄謂以名比身則身大於名。", "generalSimp": "成玄英谓身内实而名外宾，李荣谓身为忠孝之本、道德之基，吴澄谓以名比身则身大于名。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "chengxuanying", "lirong", "wucheng" ], "refsSimp": [ "chengxuanying", "lirong", "wucheng" ], "forms": [ { "form": "身", "formSimp": "身", "kind": "headword", "count": 2, "sentenceIds": [ "s001", "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001", "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 2 }, { "order": 3, "id": "n003", "noteId": "n003", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "貨", "headwordSimp": "货", "pinyin": "huò", "gloss": "財貨、財物。", "glossSimp": "财货、财物。", "general": "河上公謂財多則害身，成玄英謂資貨本為我身、迷惑之徒喪身徇貨，陸希聲謂貨為發身之資。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓财多则害身，成玄英谓资货本为我身、迷惑之徒丧身徇货，陆希声谓货为发身之资。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "heshanggong", "chengxuanying", "luxisheng" ], "refsSimp": [ "heshanggong", "chengxuanying", "luxisheng" ], "forms": [ { "form": "貨", "formSimp": "货", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 4, "id": "n004", "noteId": "n004", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "得與亡", "headwordSimp": "得与亡", "pinyin": "dé yǔ wáng", "gloss": "得到與失去，指名與貨的得失；亡，失也。", "glossSimp": "得到与失去，指名与货的得失；亡，失也。", "general": "河上公謂好得利則病於行，成玄英謂得是喪己之徵、亡是存身之驗，李榮謂亡失也。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓好得利则病于行，成玄英谓得是丧己之征、亡是存身之验，李荣谓亡失也。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "heshanggong", "chengxuanying", "lirong" ], "refsSimp": [ "heshanggong", "chengxuanying", "lirong" ], "forms": [ { "form": "得與亡", "formSimp": "得与亡", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 5, "id": "n005", "noteId": "n005", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "病", "headwordSimp": "病", "pinyin": "bìng", "gloss": "有害、病患。", "glossSimp": "有害、病患。", "general": "王弼謂得多利而亡其身，何者為病；蘇轍謂既得患失則病甚於亡。", "generalSimp": "王弼谓得多利而亡其身，何者为病；苏辙谓既得患失则病甚于亡。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "wangbi", "suzhe" ], "refsSimp": [ "wangbi", "suzhe" ], "forms": [ { "form": "病", "formSimp": "病", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 6, "id": "n006", "noteId": "n006", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "甚愛", "headwordSimp": "甚爱", "pinyin": "shèn ài", "gloss": "過分愛惜，指貪戀名色財貨。", "glossSimp": "过分爱惜，指贪恋名色财货。", "general": "河上公謂甚愛色者費精神、甚愛財者遇禍患，成玄英謂甚愛名譽者勞形怵心、費神損智。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓甚爱色者费精神、甚爱财者遇祸患，成玄英谓甚爱名誉者劳形怵心、费神损智。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "heshanggong", "chengxuanying" ], "refsSimp": [ "heshanggong", "chengxuanying" ], "forms": [ { "form": "甚愛", "formSimp": "甚爱", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 7, "id": "n007", "noteId": "n007", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "大費", "headwordSimp": "大费", "pinyin": "dà fèi", "gloss": "重大耗費、巨大損失。", "glossSimp": "重大耗费、巨大损失。", "general": "王弼謂甚愛不與物通，故為物所病；成玄英謂費，損也；吳澄謂因名而使身之大者耗費。", "generalSimp": "王弼谓甚爱不与物通，故为物所病；成玄英谓费，损也；吴澄谓因名而使身之大者耗费。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "wangbi", "chengxuanying", "wucheng" ], "refsSimp": [ "wangbi", "chengxuanying", "wucheng" ], "forms": [ { "form": "大費", "formSimp": "大费", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 8, "id": "n008", "noteId": "n008", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "多藏", "headwordSimp": "多藏", "pinyin": "duō cáng", "gloss": "積藏過多，指聚斂財貨。", "glossSimp": "积藏过多，指聚敛财货。", "general": "河上公謂生多藏於府庫、死多藏於丘墓，王弼謂多藏不與物散，唐玄宗謂多藏貨者必累身。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓生多藏于府库、死多藏于丘墓，王弼谓多藏不与物散，唐玄宗谓多藏货者必累身。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "heshanggong", "wangbi", "tangxuanzong" ], "refsSimp": [ "heshanggong", "wangbi", "tangxuanzong" ], "forms": [ { "form": "多藏", "formSimp": "多藏", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 9, "id": "n009", "noteId": "n009", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "厚亡", "headwordSimp": "厚亡", "pinyin": "hòu wáng", "gloss": "慘重損失、重大敗亡。", "glossSimp": "惨重损失、重大败亡。", "general": "河上公謂生有攻劫之憂、死有掘冢探柩之患，唐玄宗謂其亡亦厚，吳澄謂因貨而使身之厚者喪亡。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓生有攻劫之忧、死有掘冢探柩之患，唐玄宗谓其亡亦厚，吴澄谓因货而使身之厚者丧亡。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "heshanggong", "tangxuanzong", "wucheng" ], "refsSimp": [ "heshanggong", "tangxuanzong", "wucheng" ], "forms": [ { "form": "厚亡", "formSimp": "厚亡", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 10, "id": "n010", "noteId": "n010", "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "知足", "headwordSimp": "知足", "pinyin": "zhī zú", "gloss": "知道滿足，不貪求。", "glossSimp": "知道满足，不贪求。", "general": "河上公謂知足之人絕利去欲、不辱於身，唐玄宗謂知足者不甚愛，嚴遵謂知足之人體道同德、絕名除利。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓知足之人绝利去欲、不辱于身，唐玄宗谓知足者不甚爱，严遵谓知足之人体道同德、绝名除利。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "heshanggong", "tangxuanzong", "yanzun" ], "refsSimp": [ "heshanggong", "tangxuanzong", "yanzun" ], "forms": [ { "form": "知足", "formSimp": "知足", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s005" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s005" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 11, "id": "n011", "noteId": "n011", "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "知止", "headwordSimp": "知止", "pinyin": "zhī zhǐ", "gloss": "知道適可而止，不妄求。", "glossSimp": "知道适可而止，不妄求。", "general": "河上公謂知可止則止、財利不累於身，唐玄宗謂知止者不多藏，吳澄謂知外物無益則止而不求。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓知可止则止、财利不累于身，唐玄宗谓知止者不多藏，吴澄谓知外物无益则止而不求。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "heshanggong", "tangxuanzong", "wucheng" ], "refsSimp": [ "heshanggong", "tangxuanzong", "wucheng" ], "forms": [ { "form": "知止", "formSimp": "知止", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s005" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s005" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 12, "id": "n012", "noteId": "n012", "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "殆", "headwordSimp": "殆", "pinyin": "dài", "gloss": "危險、危殆。", "glossSimp": "危险、危殆。", "general": "唐玄宗御疏謂殆，危亡也；吳澄謂不致損壽隕生之殆。", "generalSimp": "唐玄宗御疏谓殆，危亡也；吴澄谓不致损寿陨生之殆。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "tangxuanzong", "wucheng" ], "refsSimp": [ "tangxuanzong", "wucheng" ], "forms": [ { "form": "殆", "formSimp": "殆", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s005" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s005" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 13, "id": "n013", "noteId": "n013", "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "長久", "headwordSimp": "长久", "pinyin": "cháng jiǔ", "gloss": "長存久視，指身與名貨皆得保全。", "glossSimp": "长存久视，指身与名货皆得保全。", "general": "河上公謂治身者神不勞、治國者民不擾故可長久，李榮謂理國可以長存、修身可以久視。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓治身者神不劳、治国者民不扰故可长久，李荣谓理国可以长存、修身可以久视。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "heshanggong", "lirong" ], "refsSimp": [ "heshanggong", "lirong" ], "forms": [ { "form": "長久", "formSimp": "长久", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s005" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s005" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 } ], "glossaryEntries": [ { "order": 14, "id": "g001", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "名", "headwordSimp": "名", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "名聲、名譽；與身體相對。王弼謂尚名好高則身疏，成玄英謂名為外賓。", "glossSimp": "名声、名誉；与身体相对。王弼谓尚名好高则身疏，成玄英谓名为外宾。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "名", "formSimp": "名", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 15, "id": "g002", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "身", "headwordSimp": "身", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "身體、生命；與名、貨相對。李榮謂身為忠孝之本、道德之基。", "glossSimp": "身体、生命；与名、货相对。李荣谓身为忠孝之本、道德之基。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "身", "formSimp": "身", "kind": "headword", "count": 2, "sentenceIds": [ "s001", "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001", "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 2 }, { "order": 16, "id": "g003", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "貨", "headwordSimp": "货", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "財貨、財物。河上公謂財多則害身，陸希聲謂貨為發身之資。", "glossSimp": "财货、财物。河上公谓财多则害身，陆希声谓货为发身之资。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "貨", "formSimp": "货", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 17, "id": "g004", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "得與亡", "headwordSimp": "得与亡", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "得到與失去，指名與貨的得失；亡，失也。", "glossSimp": "得到与失去，指名与货的得失；亡，失也。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "得與亡", "formSimp": "得与亡", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 18, "id": "g005", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "病", "headwordSimp": "病", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "有害、病患。王弼謂得多利而亡其身，何者為病。", "glossSimp": "有害、病患。王弼谓得多利而亡其身，何者为病。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "病", "formSimp": "病", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 19, "id": "g006", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "甚愛", "headwordSimp": "甚爱", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "過分愛惜，指貪戀名色財貨。", "glossSimp": "过分爱惜，指贪恋名色财货。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "甚愛", "formSimp": "甚爱", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 20, "id": "g007", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "大費", "headwordSimp": "大费", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "重大耗費、巨大損失。成玄英謂費，損也。", "glossSimp": "重大耗费、巨大损失。成玄英谓费，损也。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "大費", "formSimp": "大费", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 21, "id": "g008", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "多藏", "headwordSimp": "多藏", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "積藏過多，指聚斂財貨。", "glossSimp": "积藏过多，指聚敛财货。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "多藏", "formSimp": "多藏", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 22, "id": "g009", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "厚亡", "headwordSimp": "厚亡", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "慘重損失、重大敗亡。", "glossSimp": "惨重损失、重大败亡。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "厚亡", "formSimp": "厚亡", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 23, "id": "g010", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "知足", "headwordSimp": "知足", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "知道滿足，不貪求。", "glossSimp": "知道满足，不贪求。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "知足", "formSimp": "知足", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s005" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s005" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 24, "id": "g011", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "知止", "headwordSimp": "知止", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "知道適可而止，不妄求。", "glossSimp": "知道适可而止，不妄求。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "知止", "formSimp": "知止", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s005" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s005" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 25, "id": "g012", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "殆", "headwordSimp": "殆", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "危險、危殆。唐玄宗御疏謂殆，危亡也。", "glossSimp": "危险、危殆。唐玄宗御疏谓殆，危亡也。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "殆", "formSimp": "殆", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s005" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s005" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 26, "id": "g013", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "長久", "headwordSimp": "长久", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "長存久視，指身與名貨皆得保全。", "glossSimp": "长存久视，指身与名货皆得保全。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "長久", "formSimp": "长久", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s005" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s005" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 27, "id": "g014", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "立戒", "headwordSimp": "立戒", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "河上公本章章題。", "glossSimp": "河上公本章章题。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "立戒", "formSimp": "立戒", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 28, "id": "g015", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "名與身章", "headwordSimp": "名与身章", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "呂惠卿、蘇轍本章章題。", "glossSimp": "吕惠卿、苏辙本章章题。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "名與身章", "formSimp": "名与身章", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 29, "id": "g016", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "得一章", "headwordSimp": "得一章", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "指第三十九章「昔之得一者」；魏源謂此章與上章發明得一章之旨。", "glossSimp": "指第三十九章「昔之得一者」；魏源谓此章与上章发明得一章之旨。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "得一章", "formSimp": "得一章", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 30, "id": "g017", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "懷璧其辜", "headwordSimp": "怀璧其辜", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "《左傳》「匹夫無罪，懷璧其罪」，唐玄宗御疏引以說多藏招禍。", "glossSimp": "《左传》「匹夫无罪，怀璧其罪」，唐玄宗御疏引以说多藏招祸。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "懷璧其辜", "formSimp": "怀璧其辜", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 31, "id": "g018", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "擲玉毀珠", "headwordSimp": "掷玉毁珠", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "唐玄宗御注引《莊子》語，謂棄貨以全其和。", "glossSimp": "唐玄宗御注引《庄子》语，谓弃货以全其和。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "擲玉毀珠", "formSimp": "掷玉毁珠", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 32, "id": "g019", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "鹿臺", "headwordSimp": "鹿台", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "商紂積財之臺；憨山引以說多藏厚亡。", "glossSimp": "商纣积财之台；憨山引以说多藏厚亡。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "鹿臺", "formSimp": "鹿台", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 33, "id": "g020", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "沴", "headwordSimp": "沴", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "陰陽不和之氣；王夫之謂得於身則消陰陽之沴。", "glossSimp": "阴阳不和之气；王夫之谓得于身则消阴阳之沴。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "沴", "formSimp": "沴", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 34, "id": "g021", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "虎兕", "headwordSimp": "虎兕", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "虎與犀牛，喻凶暴之力；王夫之謂得於天下則斃虎兕之威。", "glossSimp": "虎与犀牛，喻凶暴之力；王夫之谓得于天下则毙虎兕之威。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "虎兕", "formSimp": "虎兕", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 } ] }, "relations": { "version": "1.0.0", "note": "第四十四章五句的十三家對照，為德經第七章。河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗御注御疏、李榮據《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引；王弼、嚴遵、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄據《道藏》本；憨山、魏源、王夫之據公開轉錄本；俞樾《諸子平議》此章未列。河上公、王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、嚴遵、李榮、蘇轍、吳澄逐句或分段分疏；陸希聲、呂惠卿、憨山各以整章一段通釋；魏源以章次校記與韻讀、王夫之以整章衍文，本站按文義分條。名與身有尚名好高則身疏、名遂身退、名為外賓、身內實而名外賓、名為實之賓、身為忠孝之本諸解；身與貨有財多害身、貪貨無厭則身少、資貨本為身、貨為發身之資、利為身之長物諸解；得與亡有好得利則病於行、得多利而亡身、得為喪己之徵、亡病於得、齊有無均得喪諸解；甚愛多藏有費精神遇禍患、不與物通散、勞形怵心、劍玉賈害、隋侯彈雀、鹿臺之喻諸解；知足知止有絕利去欲、不甚愛不多藏、體道同德、知內分有定諸解。章次則有吳澄以此章自為第三十六章、魏源以此章為第三十七章之異。大旨歸於身親於名、身多於貨，知足知止乃可長久。", "concepts": [ { "id": "ming-yu-shen", "name": "名與身孰親", "nameTrad": "名與身孰親", "question": "名聲與身體，哪一樣更親？諸家為何都把「身」放在「名」之上？", "questionTrad": "名聲與身體，哪一樣更親？諸家為何都把「身」放在「名」之上？", "intro": "河上公以名遂則身退，甚愛色者費精神、甚愛財者遇禍患，將名與身、甚愛與大費連讀。王弼以尚名好高則其身必疏，甚愛不與物通、多藏不與物散，求之者多、攻之者眾，故名為身累。成玄英以身內實、名外賓，世皆求外喪內、貪名亡實，身既為名致死，名竟何所施為。唐玄宗御注以名為實之賓，徇名亡身，設問欲令去功與名而全其真；御疏以矜徇功名與保養身命相較，傷代人不能忘名以存身。嚴遵以害身莫大乎名，得名得貨則道德不居、神明不留，甚愛其身、至建榮名則貨名俱終。李榮以名為外之稱譽，身為忠孝之本、道德之基，為名殺身、因財害己。陸希聲以名為立身之表，有其實則身尊名揚，矯激為之則名雖聞而身棄於有道。呂惠卿以列士徇名、殘生傷性，不知身親於名；愛名欲貴身，甚愛則並良貴而失之為大費。蘇轍以先身後名猶未忘我，忘我者身且不有，況名與貨。吳澄以親猶所愛，名在身字上乃便文協韻；慕名者甚其愛而愛身反不如，必耗費精神損壽。憨山以名乃身外虛聲，與身較之身親而名疏；愛甚費必大，如隋侯之珠彈雀。魏源以章次校記證明此章與上章皆發明「得一」之旨，又以身親為韻。王夫之以至人非距物孤處，以身捷得其眚而受其名，不如無居。諸家或就治身、或就名實、或就韻讀，大旨皆謂身親於名。", "introTrad": "河上公以名遂則身退，甚愛色者費精神、甚愛財者遇禍患，將名與身、甚愛與大費連讀。王弼以尚名好高則其身必疏，甚愛不與物通、多藏不與物散，求之者多、攻之者眾，故名為身累。成玄英以身內實、名外賓，世皆求外喪內、貪名亡實，身既為名致死，名竟何所施為。唐玄宗御注以名為實之賓，徇名亡身，設問欲令去功與名而全其真；御疏以矜徇功名與保養身命相較，傷代人不能忘名以存身。嚴遵以害身莫大乎名，得名得貨則道德不居、神明不留，甚愛其身、至建榮名則貨名俱終。李榮以名為外之稱譽，身為忠孝之本、道德之基，為名殺身、因財害己。陸希聲以名為立身之表，有其實則身尊名揚，矯激為之則名雖聞而身棄於有道。呂惠卿以列士徇名、殘生傷性，不知身親於名；愛名欲貴身，甚愛則並良貴而失之為大費。蘇轍以先身後名猶未忘我，忘我者身且不有，況名與貨。吳澄以親猶所愛，名在身字上乃便文協韻；慕名者甚其愛而愛身反不如，必耗費精神損壽。憨山以名乃身外虛聲，與身較之身親而名疏；愛甚費必大，如隋侯之珠彈雀。魏源以章次校記證明此章與上章皆發明「得一」之旨，又以身親為韻。王夫之以至人非距物孤處，以身捷得其眚而受其名，不如無居。諸家或就治身、或就名實、或就韻讀，大旨皆謂身親於名。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "名遂則身退；甚愛色者費精神，甚愛財者遇禍患。", "thesisTrad": "名遂則身退；甚愛色者費精神，甚愛財者遇禍患。", "noteIds": [ "c001", "c004" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "名遂则身退；甚爱色者费精神，甚爱财者遇祸患。" }, "wangbi": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "尚名好高，其身必疏；甚愛不與物通，故為物所病。", "thesisTrad": "尚名好高，其身必疏；甚愛不與物通，故為物所病。", "noteIds": [ "c009", "c012" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "尚名好高，其身必疏；甚爱不与物通，故为物所病。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "身內實、名外賓；貪名亡實，甚愛名譽者勞形怵心。", "thesisTrad": "身內實、名外賓；貪名亡實，甚愛名譽者勞形怵心。", "noteIds": [ "c013", "c016" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "身内实、名外宾；贪名亡实，甚爱名誉者劳形怵心。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "名為實之賓，徇名亡身；甚愛名者勞神，故欲去功與名而全其真。", "thesisTrad": "名為實之賓，徇名亡身；甚愛名者勞神，故欲去功與名而全其真。", "noteIds": [ "c018", "c019", "c024", "c025" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "名为实之宾，徇名亡身；甚爱名者劳神，故欲去功与名而全其真。" }, "yanzun": { "workType": "指歸", "workTypeTrad": "指歸", "thesis": "害身莫大乎名；甚愛其身、至建榮名，則貨名俱終。", "thesisTrad": "害身莫大乎名；甚愛其身、至建榮名，則貨名俱終。", "noteIds": [ "c029", "c030" ], "workTypeSimp": "指归", "thesisSimp": "害身莫大乎名；甚爱其身、至建荣名，则货名俱终。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "名為外之稱譽，身為忠孝之本；為名殺身，斯大費。", "thesisTrad": "名為外之稱譽，身為忠孝之本；為名殺身，斯大費。", "noteIds": [ "c032", "c033" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "名为外之称誉，身为忠孝之本；为名杀身，斯大费。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "名為立身之表，矯激為之則名雖聞而身棄於有道。", "thesisTrad": "名為立身之表，矯激為之則名雖聞而身棄於有道。", "noteIds": [ "c035" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "名为立身之表，矫激为之则名虽闻而身弃于有道。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "列士徇名而殘生傷性，不知身親於名；甚愛則並良貴而失之。", "thesisTrad": "列士徇名而殘生傷性，不知身親於名；甚愛則並良貴而失之。", "noteIds": [ "c036" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "列士徇名而残生伤性，不知身亲于名；甚爱则并良贵而失之。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "先身後名猶未忘我；忘我者身且不有，況名與貨。", "thesisTrad": "先身後名猶未忘我；忘我者身且不有，況名與貨。", "noteIds": [ "c037", "c039" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "先身后名犹未忘我；忘我者身且不有，况名与货。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "親猶所愛，名在身字上乃便文協韻；慕名者愛身反不如，必耗費精神。", "thesisTrad": "親猶所愛，名在身字上乃便文協韻；慕名者愛身反不如，必耗費精神。", "noteIds": [ "c040", "c041" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "亲犹所爱，名在身字上乃便文协韵；慕名者爱身反不如，必耗费精神。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "名乃身外虛聲，身親而名疏；愛甚費必大。", "thesisTrad": "名乃身外虛聲，身親而名疏；愛甚費必大。", "noteIds": [ "c043" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "名乃身外虚声，身亲而名疏；爱甚费必大。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "此章與上章皆發明「得一」之旨；身親為韻。", "thesisTrad": "此章與上章皆發明「得一」之旨；身親為韻。", "noteIds": [ "c044", "c046" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "此章与上章皆发明「得一」之旨；身亲为韵。" }, "wangfuzhi": { "workType": "衍", "workTypeTrad": "衍", "thesis": "以身捷得其眚而受其名，不如無居；善愛名而善居貨。", "thesisTrad": "以身捷得其眚而受其名，不如無居；善愛名而善居貨。", "noteIds": [ "c047" ], "workTypeSimp": "衍", "thesisSimp": "以身捷得其眚而受其名，不如无居；善爱名而善居货。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c001", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公以名遂身退立說，名與身的高下先有分判。", "textTrad": "河上公以名遂身退立說，名與身的高下先有分判。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公以名遂身退立说，名与身的高下先有分判。" }, { "noteId": "c009", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "王弼以尚名好高、其身必疏，將名轉為身累。", "textTrad": "王弼以尚名好高、其身必疏，將名轉為身累。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "王弼以尚名好高、其身必疏，将名转为身累。" }, { "noteId": "c013", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英以名外賓、身內實，指出求外喪內的顛倒。", "textTrad": "成玄英以名外賓、身內實，指出求外喪內的顛倒。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英以名外宾、身内实，指出求外丧内的颠倒。" }, { "noteId": "c018", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "唐玄宗以名為實之賓，欲令去功與名而全其真。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗以名為實之賓，欲令去功與名而全其真。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "唐玄宗以名为实之宾，欲令去功与名而全其真。" }, { "noteId": "c029", "relation": "指歸", "relationTrad": "指歸", "text": "嚴遵以害身莫大乎名，將名放在生成論中衡量。", "textTrad": "嚴遵以害身莫大乎名，將名放在生成論中衡量。", "relationSimp": "指归", "textSimp": "严遵以害身莫大乎名，将名放在生成论中衡量。" }, { "noteId": "c032", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮以名為外譽、身為道德之基，為名殺身即大費。", "textTrad": "李榮以名為外譽、身為道德之基，為名殺身即大費。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣以名为外誉、身为道德之基，为名杀身即大费。" }, { "noteId": "c036", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "呂惠卿以列士徇名、殘生傷性，點出君子之惑。", "textTrad": "呂惠卿以列士徇名、殘生傷性，點出君子之惑。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "吕惠卿以列士徇名、残生伤性，点出君子之惑。" }, { "noteId": "c040", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄以協韻解釋名在身上的語序，並引司馬光之問。", "textTrad": "吳澄以協韻解釋名在身上的語序，並引司馬光之問。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄以协韵解释名在身上的语序，并引司马光之问。" }, { "noteId": "c043", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "憨山以隋侯之珠彈雀設喻，愛名之費最為形象。", "textTrad": "憨山以隋侯之珠彈雀設喻，愛名之費最為形象。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "憨山以隋侯之珠弹雀设喻，爱名之费最为形象。" }, { "noteId": "c047", "relation": "衍", "relationTrad": "衍", "text": "王夫之以受名不如無居作結，翻出忘名之意。", "textTrad": "王夫之以受名不如無居作結，翻出忘名之意。", "relationSimp": "衍", "textSimp": "王夫之以受名不如无居作结，翻出忘名之意。" } ], "nameSimp": "名与身孰亲", "questionSimp": "名声与身体，哪一样更亲？诸家为何都把「身」放在「名」之上？", "introSimp": "河上公以名遂则身退，甚爱色者费精神、甚爱财者遇祸患，将名与身、甚爱与大费连读。王弼以尚名好高则其身必疏，甚爱不与物通、多藏不与物散，求之者多、攻之者众，故名为身累。成玄英以身内实、名外宾，世皆求外丧内、贪名亡实，身既为名致死，名竟何所施为。唐玄宗御注以名为实之宾，徇名亡身，设问欲令去功与名而全其真；御疏以矜徇功名与保养身命相较，伤代人不能忘名以存身。严遵以害身莫大乎名，得名得货则道德不居、神明不留，甚爱其身、至建荣名则货名俱终。李荣以名为外之称誉，身为忠孝之本、道德之基，为名杀身、因财害己。陆希声以名为立身之表，有其实则身尊名扬，矫激为之则名虽闻而身弃于有道。吕惠卿以列士徇名、残生伤性，不知身亲于名；爱名欲贵身，甚爱则并良贵而失之为大费。苏辙以先身后名犹未忘我，忘我者身且不有，况名与货。吴澄以亲犹所爱，名在身字上乃便文协韵；慕名者甚其爱而爱身反不如，必耗费精神损寿。憨山以名乃身外虚声，与身较之身亲而名疏；爱甚费必大，如隋侯之珠弹雀。魏源以章次校记证明此章与上章皆发明「得一」之旨，又以身亲为韵。王夫之以至人非距物孤处，以身捷得其眚而受其名，不如无居。诸家或就治身、或就名实、或就韵读，大旨皆谓身亲于名。" }, { "id": "shen-yu-huo", "name": "身與貨孰多", "nameTrad": "身與貨孰多", "question": "身體與財貨，哪一樣更貴重？「多」是數量之多，還是貴重之多？", "questionTrad": "身體與財貨，哪一樣更貴重？「多」是數量之多，還是貴重之多？", "intro": "河上公以財多則害身，多藏則生有攻劫之憂、死有掘冢探柩之患。王弼以貪貨無厭則其身必少，多藏不與物散，求之者多、攻之者眾，故厚亡。成玄英以資貨本為我身，迷惑之徒喪身徇貨，去貨存身與聚貨喪身，孰利孰害不難分判。唐玄宗御注以徇名者將以求財，財得而亡身，欲令擲玉毀珠以全其和；御疏以多為可貴重之意，欲令悟身為多、不貴於貨，並以劍玉賈害、懷璧其辜、莊子含珠說多藏之禍。嚴遵以害身莫大乎貨，得名得貨則大命以絕，多積貨財則貨名俱終。李榮以貨為俗之財帛，因財害己，多藏為財傷己即厚亡。陸希聲以貨為發身之資，貪冒得之則貨滿堂而身薄於有德。呂惠卿以貪夫徇貨、殘生傷性，不知身多於貨；蓄貨欲富身，多藏則並至富而害之為厚亡。蘇轍以貴身賤貨猶未忘我，藏多則攻者必眾。吳澄以多猶所重，貨在身字下乃便文協韻；嗜貨者重身反不如，必喪亡軀命隕生。憨山以利乃身之長物，身在則有餘；藏多亡必厚，如鹿臺之欲。諸家或就治身、或就財貨、或就韻讀，大旨皆謂身多於貨。", "introTrad": "河上公以財多則害身，多藏則生有攻劫之憂、死有掘冢探柩之患。王弼以貪貨無厭則其身必少，多藏不與物散，求之者多、攻之者眾，故厚亡。成玄英以資貨本為我身，迷惑之徒喪身徇貨，去貨存身與聚貨喪身，孰利孰害不難分判。唐玄宗御注以徇名者將以求財，財得而亡身，欲令擲玉毀珠以全其和；御疏以多為可貴重之意，欲令悟身為多、不貴於貨，並以劍玉賈害、懷璧其辜、莊子含珠說多藏之禍。嚴遵以害身莫大乎貨，得名得貨則大命以絕，多積貨財則貨名俱終。李榮以貨為俗之財帛，因財害己，多藏為財傷己即厚亡。陸希聲以貨為發身之資，貪冒得之則貨滿堂而身薄於有德。呂惠卿以貪夫徇貨、殘生傷性，不知身多於貨；蓄貨欲富身，多藏則並至富而害之為厚亡。蘇轍以貴身賤貨猶未忘我，藏多則攻者必眾。吳澄以多猶所重，貨在身字下乃便文協韻；嗜貨者重身反不如，必喪亡軀命隕生。憨山以利乃身之長物，身在則有餘；藏多亡必厚，如鹿臺之欲。諸家或就治身、或就財貨、或就韻讀，大旨皆謂身多於貨。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "財多則害身；多藏則生有攻劫之憂、死有掘冢探柩之患。", "thesisTrad": "財多則害身；多藏則生有攻劫之憂、死有掘冢探柩之患。", "noteIds": [ "c002", "c005" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "财多则害身；多藏则生有攻劫之忧、死有掘冢探柩之患。" }, "wangbi": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "貪貨無厭，其身必少；多藏不與物散，故厚亡。", "thesisTrad": "貪貨無厭，其身必少；多藏不與物散，故厚亡。", "noteIds": [ "c010", "c012" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "贪货无厌，其身必少；多藏不与物散，故厚亡。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "資貨本為我身，迷惑之徒喪身徇貨；聚貨喪身，利多耶？", "thesisTrad": "資貨本為我身，迷惑之徒喪身徇貨；聚貨喪身，利多耶？", "noteIds": [ "c014", "c017" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "资货本为我身，迷惑之徒丧身徇货；聚货丧身，利多耶？" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "徇名求財，財得亡身；多藏貨者必累身。", "thesisTrad": "徇名求財，財得亡身；多藏貨者必累身。", "noteIds": [ "c020", "c021", "c024", "c026" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "徇名求财，财得亡身；多藏货者必累身。" }, "yanzun": { "workType": "指歸", "workTypeTrad": "指歸", "thesis": "害身莫大乎貨；多積貨財，憍亡之道，貨名俱終。", "thesisTrad": "害身莫大乎貨；多積貨財，憍亡之道，貨名俱終。", "noteIds": [ "c029", "c030" ], "workTypeSimp": "指归", "thesisSimp": "害身莫大乎货；多积货财，憍亡之道，货名俱终。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "貨為俗之財帛，因財害己；多藏為財傷己，斯厚亡。", "thesisTrad": "貨為俗之財帛，因財害己；多藏為財傷己，斯厚亡。", "noteIds": [ "c032", "c033" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "货为俗之财帛，因财害己；多藏为财伤己，斯厚亡。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "貨為發身之資；貪冒得之則貨滿堂而身薄於有德。", "thesisTrad": "貨為發身之資；貪冒得之則貨滿堂而身薄於有德。", "noteIds": [ "c035" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "货为发身之资；贪冒得之则货满堂而身薄于有德。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "貪夫徇貨而殘生傷性，不知身多於貨；多藏則並至富而害之。", "thesisTrad": "貪夫徇貨而殘生傷性，不知身多於貨；多藏則並至富而害之。", "noteIds": [ "c036" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "贪夫徇货而残生伤性，不知身多于货；多藏则并至富而害之。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "貴身賤貨猶未忘我；藏多則攻者必眾。", "thesisTrad": "貴身賤貨猶未忘我；藏多則攻者必眾。", "noteIds": [ "c037", "c039" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "贵身贱货犹未忘我；藏多则攻者必众。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "多猶所重，貨在身字下乃便文協韻；嗜貨者必喪亡軀命隕生。", "thesisTrad": "多猶所重，貨在身字下乃便文協韻；嗜貨者必喪亡軀命隕生。", "noteIds": [ "c040", "c041" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "多犹所重，货在身字下乃便文协韵；嗜货者必丧亡躯命陨生。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "利乃身之長物，身在則有餘；藏多亡必厚，如鹿臺之欲。", "thesisTrad": "利乃身之長物，身在則有餘；藏多亡必厚，如鹿臺之欲。", "noteIds": [ "c043" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "利乃身之长物，身在则有余；藏多亡必厚，如鹿台之欲。" }, "wangfuzhi": { "workType": "衍", "workTypeTrad": "衍", "thesis": "善居貨者不以貨累身；得於天下則斃虎兕之威。", "thesisTrad": "善居貨者不以貨累身；得於天下則斃虎兕之威。", "noteIds": [ "c047" ], "workTypeSimp": "衍", "thesisSimp": "善居货者不以货累身；得于天下则毙虎兕之威。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c002", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公以財多害身立說，貨的危害直接落在身上。", "textTrad": "河上公以財多害身立說，貨的危害直接落在身上。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公以财多害身立说，货的危害直接落在身上。" }, { "noteId": "c010", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "王弼以貪貨無厭、其身必少，將「多」轉為身之少。", "textTrad": "王弼以貪貨無厭、其身必少，將「多」轉為身之少。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "王弼以贪货无厌、其身必少，将「多」转为身之少。" }, { "noteId": "c014", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英以資貨本為身、喪身徇貨，反問聚貨喪身利多耶。", "textTrad": "成玄英以資貨本為身、喪身徇貨，反問聚貨喪身利多耶。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英以资货本为身、丧身徇货，反问聚货丧身利多耶。" }, { "noteId": "c021", "relation": "御疏", "relationTrad": "御疏", "text": "唐玄宗以多為貴重之意，欲令悟身為多、不貴於貨。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗以多為貴重之意，欲令悟身為多、不貴於貨。", "relationSimp": "御疏", "textSimp": "唐玄宗以多为贵重之意，欲令悟身为多、不贵于货。" }, { "noteId": "c029", "relation": "指歸", "relationTrad": "指歸", "text": "嚴遵以害身莫大乎貨，將貨列入禍福生死的衡量。", "textTrad": "嚴遵以害身莫大乎貨，將貨列入禍福生死的衡量。", "relationSimp": "指归", "textSimp": "严遵以害身莫大乎货，将货列入祸福生死的衡量。" }, { "noteId": "c033", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮以多藏為財傷己即厚亡，語最簡截。", "textTrad": "李榮以多藏為財傷己即厚亡，語最簡截。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣以多藏为财伤己即厚亡，语最简截。" }, { "noteId": "c035", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "陸希聲以貨為發身之資，貪冒則貨滿堂而身薄。", "textTrad": "陸希聲以貨為發身之資，貪冒則貨滿堂而身薄。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "陆希声以货为发身之资，贪冒则货满堂而身薄。" }, { "noteId": "c036", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "呂惠卿以貪夫徇貨、殘生傷性，點出小人之惑。", "textTrad": "呂惠卿以貪夫徇貨、殘生傷性，點出小人之惑。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "吕惠卿以贪夫徇货、残生伤性，点出小人之惑。" }, { "noteId": "c041", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄以貨比身則身厚於貨，嗜貨者反使身之厚者喪亡。", "textTrad": "吳澄以貨比身則身厚於貨，嗜貨者反使身之厚者喪亡。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄以货比身则身厚于货，嗜货者反使身之厚者丧亡。" }, { "noteId": "c043", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "憨山以鹿臺之欲設喻，藏多亡厚最為警策。", "textTrad": "憨山以鹿臺之欲設喻，藏多亡厚最為警策。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "憨山以鹿台之欲设喻，藏多亡厚最为警策。" } ], "nameSimp": "身与货孰多", "questionSimp": "身体与财货，哪一样更贵重？「多」是数量之多，还是贵重之多？", "introSimp": "河上公以财多则害身，多藏则生有攻劫之忧、死有掘冢探柩之患。王弼以贪货无厌则其身必少，多藏不与物散，求之者多、攻之者众，故厚亡。成玄英以资货本为我身，迷惑之徒丧身徇货，去货存身与聚货丧身，孰利孰害不难分判。唐玄宗御注以徇名者将以求财，财得而亡身，欲令掷玉毁珠以全其和；御疏以多为可贵重之意，欲令悟身为多、不贵于货，并以剑玉贾害、怀璧其辜、庄子含珠说多藏之祸。严遵以害身莫大乎货，得名得货则大命以绝，多积货财则货名俱终。李荣以货为俗之财帛，因财害己，多藏为财伤己即厚亡。陆希声以货为发身之资，贪冒得之则货满堂而身薄于有德。吕惠卿以贪夫徇货、残生伤性，不知身多于货；蓄货欲富身，多藏则并至富而害之为厚亡。苏辙以贵身贱货犹未忘我，藏多则攻者必众。吴澄以多犹所重，货在身字下乃便文协韵；嗜货者重身反不如，必丧亡躯命陨生。憨山以利乃身之长物，身在则有余；藏多亡必厚，如鹿台之欲。诸家或就治身、或就财货、或就韵读，大旨皆谓身多于货。" }, { "id": "de-yu-wang", "name": "得與亡孰病", "nameTrad": "得與亡孰病", "question": "「得」與「亡」，哪一樣才是病？世人以得為善、以亡為惡，是否顛倒？", "questionTrad": "「得」與「亡」，哪一樣才是病？世人以得為善、以亡為惡，是否顛倒？", "intro": "河上公以好得利則病於行，得利反成行止之病。王弼以得多利而亡其身，問何者為病，將得與亡的比較落在身上。成玄英以多貪得財必喪己、少欲亡貨則存身，得是喪己之徵、亡是存身之驗；世人以得為遇、以亡為病，實為謬誤。唐玄宗御注以得名貨與亡名貨，孰者病身；御疏以得名貨則亡身、存身則亡名貨，為病可知，迷倒之徒莫之先覺。嚴遵以得名得貨則道德不居、神明不留、大命以絕；失名失貨則道德是祐、神明是助，得失之病利完全倒轉。李榮以俗得名利為善而得之則身亡，失之為惡而亡之則已立，得失病利誰能定。陸希聲以竊名黷貨而亡修身約己之道，二者孰為病。呂惠卿以君子徇名、小人徇貨，所徇不同而亡其所存則一；得名貨而亡其存，則亡病於得。蘇轍以不得者以亡為病，既得而患失則病甚於亡，惟齊有無、均得喪而後無病。吳澄引司馬光得名貨而亡身與得身而亡名貨一者孰病。憨山以貪得而身亡不若身存而遠害。王夫之以辱有自來或無自來、殆有自召或不召而至，得失不必盡由外物。諸家或就治身、或就名貨、或就患失，大旨皆謂得未必是、亡未必非。", "introTrad": "河上公以好得利則病於行，得利反成行止之病。王弼以得多利而亡其身，問何者為病，將得與亡的比較落在身上。成玄英以多貪得財必喪己、少欲亡貨則存身，得是喪己之徵、亡是存身之驗；世人以得為遇、以亡為病，實為謬誤。唐玄宗御注以得名貨與亡名貨，孰者病身；御疏以得名貨則亡身、存身則亡名貨，為病可知，迷倒之徒莫之先覺。嚴遵以得名得貨則道德不居、神明不留、大命以絕；失名失貨則道德是祐、神明是助，得失之病利完全倒轉。李榮以俗得名利為善而得之則身亡，失之為惡而亡之則已立，得失病利誰能定。陸希聲以竊名黷貨而亡修身約己之道，二者孰為病。呂惠卿以君子徇名、小人徇貨，所徇不同而亡其所存則一；得名貨而亡其存，則亡病於得。蘇轍以不得者以亡為病，既得而患失則病甚於亡，惟齊有無、均得喪而後無病。吳澄引司馬光得名貨而亡身與得身而亡名貨一者孰病。憨山以貪得而身亡不若身存而遠害。王夫之以辱有自來或無自來、殆有自召或不召而至，得失不必盡由外物。諸家或就治身、或就名貨、或就患失，大旨皆謂得未必是、亡未必非。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "好得利則病於行。", "thesisTrad": "好得利則病於行。", "noteIds": [ "c003" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "好得利则病于行。" }, "wangbi": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "得多利而亡其身，何者為病也。", "thesisTrad": "得多利而亡其身，何者為病也。", "noteIds": [ "c011" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "得多利而亡其身，何者为病也。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "得是喪己之徵，亡是存身之驗；世人以得為遇、以亡為病，實謬。", "thesisTrad": "得是喪己之徵，亡是存身之驗；世人以得為遇、以亡為病，實謬。", "noteIds": [ "c015" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "得是丧己之征，亡是存身之验；世人以得为遇、以亡为病，实谬。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "得名貨則亡身，存身則亡名貨，為病可知。", "thesisTrad": "得名貨則亡身，存身則亡名貨，為病可知。", "noteIds": [ "c022", "c023" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "得名货则亡身，存身则亡名货，为病可知。" }, "yanzun": { "workType": "指歸", "workTypeTrad": "指歸", "thesis": "得名得貨則大命以絕；失名失貨則道德是祐、神明是助。", "thesisTrad": "得名得貨則大命以絕；失名失貨則道德是祐、神明是助。", "noteIds": [ "c029" ], "workTypeSimp": "指归", "thesisSimp": "得名得货则大命以绝；失名失货则道德是祐、神明是助。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "俗得名利為善而得之則身亡；得失病利，誰能定乎？", "thesisTrad": "俗得名利為善而得之則身亡；得失病利，誰能定乎？", "noteIds": [ "c032" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "俗得名利为善而得之则身亡；得失病利，谁能定乎？" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "竊名黷貨而亡修身約己之道，二者孰為病。", "thesisTrad": "竊名黷貨而亡修身約己之道，二者孰為病。", "noteIds": [ "c035" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "窃名黩货而亡修身约己之道，二者孰为病。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "君子徇名、小人徇貨，亡其所存則一；得名貨而亡其存，則亡病於得。", "thesisTrad": "君子徇名、小人徇貨，亡其所存則一；得名貨而亡其存，則亡病於得。", "noteIds": [ "c036" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "君子徇名、小人徇货，亡其所存则一；得名货而亡其存，则亡病于得。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "既得患失則病甚於亡；齊有無、均得喪而後無病。", "thesisTrad": "既得患失則病甚於亡；齊有無、均得喪而後無病。", "noteIds": [ "c038" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "既得患失则病甚于亡；齐有无、均得丧而后无病。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "引司馬光：得名貨而亡身與得身而亡名貨，一者孰病。", "thesisTrad": "引司馬光：得名貨而亡身與得身而亡名貨，一者孰病。", "noteIds": [ "c040" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "引司马光：得名货而亡身与得身而亡名货，一者孰病。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "貪得而身亡，不若身存而遠害。", "thesisTrad": "貪得而身亡，不若身存而遠害。", "noteIds": [ "c043" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "贪得而身亡，不若身存而远害。" }, "wangfuzhi": { "workType": "衍", "workTypeTrad": "衍", "thesis": "辱有自來或無自來，殆有自召或不召而至；善襲得而善遣亡。", "thesisTrad": "辱有自來或無自來，殆有自召或不召而至；善襲得而善遣亡。", "noteIds": [ "c047" ], "workTypeSimp": "衍", "thesisSimp": "辱有自来或无自来，殆有自召或不召而至；善袭得而善遣亡。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c003", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公以好得利病於行立說，得的害處落在行為。", "textTrad": "河上公以好得利病於行立說，得的害處落在行為。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公以好得利病于行立说，得的害处落在行为。" }, { "noteId": "c011", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "王弼以得多利而亡其身，將問題落在身上。", "textTrad": "王弼以得多利而亡其身，將問題落在身上。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "王弼以得多利而亡其身，将问题落在身上。" }, { "noteId": "c015", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英以得為喪己之徵、亡為存身之驗，顛倒世俗得失觀。", "textTrad": "成玄英以得為喪己之徵、亡為存身之驗，顛倒世俗得失觀。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英以得为丧己之征、亡为存身之验，颠倒世俗得失观。" }, { "noteId": "c023", "relation": "御疏", "relationTrad": "御疏", "text": "唐玄宗以得名貨則亡身、存身則亡名貨，指出兩難。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗以得名貨則亡身、存身則亡名貨，指出兩難。", "relationSimp": "御疏", "textSimp": "唐玄宗以得名货则亡身、存身则亡名货，指出两难。" }, { "noteId": "c029", "relation": "指歸", "relationTrad": "指歸", "text": "嚴遵以得名貨則大命絕、失名貨則道德祐，得失完全倒轉。", "textTrad": "嚴遵以得名貨則大命絕、失名貨則道德祐，得失完全倒轉。", "relationSimp": "指归", "textSimp": "严遵以得名货则大命绝、失名货则道德祐，得失完全倒转。" }, { "noteId": "c032", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮以俗情得名利為善而身亡，得失病利誰能定。", "textTrad": "李榮以俗情得名利為善而身亡，得失病利誰能定。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣以俗情得名利为善而身亡，得失病利谁能定。" }, { "noteId": "c036", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "呂惠卿以君子小人同歸於亡其所存，得與亡的界線消失。", "textTrad": "呂惠卿以君子小人同歸於亡其所存，得與亡的界線消失。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "吕惠卿以君子小人同归于亡其所存，得与亡的界线消失。" }, { "noteId": "c038", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "蘇轍以患失之病甚於亡，補出得後之病。", "textTrad": "蘇轍以患失之病甚於亡，補出得後之病。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "苏辙以患失之病甚于亡，补出得后之病。" }, { "noteId": "c047", "relation": "衍", "relationTrad": "衍", "text": "王夫之以辱殆不必外來，得失不必盡由物，收束得亡之辨。", "textTrad": "王夫之以辱殆不必外來，得失不必盡由物，收束得亡之辨。", "relationSimp": "衍", "textSimp": "王夫之以辱殆不必外来，得失不必尽由物，收束得亡之辨。" } ], "nameSimp": "得与亡孰病", "questionSimp": "「得」与「亡」，哪一样才是病？世人以得为善、以亡为恶，是否颠倒？", "introSimp": "河上公以好得利则病于行，得利反成行止之病。王弼以得多利而亡其身，问何者为病，将得与亡的比较落在身上。成玄英以多贪得财必丧己、少欲亡货则存身，得是丧己之征、亡是存身之验；世人以得为遇、以亡为病，实为谬误。唐玄宗御注以得名货与亡名货，孰者病身；御疏以得名货则亡身、存身则亡名货，为病可知，迷倒之徒莫之先觉。严遵以得名得货则道德不居、神明不留、大命以绝；失名失货则道德是祐、神明是助，得失之病利完全倒转。李荣以俗得名利为善而得之则身亡，失之为恶而亡之则已立，得失病利谁能定。陆希声以窃名黩货而亡修身约己之道，二者孰为病。吕惠卿以君子徇名、小人徇货，所徇不同而亡其所存则一；得名货而亡其存，则亡病于得。苏辙以不得者以亡为病，既得而患失则病甚于亡，惟齐有无、均得丧而后无病。吴澄引司马光得名货而亡身与得身而亡名货一者孰病。憨山以贪得而身亡不若身存而远害。王夫之以辱有自来或无自来、殆有自召或不召而至，得失不必尽由外物。诸家或就治身、或就名货、或就患失，大旨皆谓得未必是、亡未必非。" }, { "id": "zhi-zu-zhi-zhi", "name": "知足不辱，知止不殆，可以長久", "nameTrad": "知足不辱，知止不殆，可以長久", "question": "「知足」「知止」是對名與貨的分別節制，還是同一種工夫的兩面？", "questionTrad": "「知足」「知止」是對名與貨的分別節制，還是同一種工夫的兩面？", "intro": "河上公以知足之人絕利去欲、不辱於身，知可止則止、財利不累於身、聲色不亂於耳目，故終身不危殆；人能知止足則福祿在己，治身者神不勞、治國者民不擾。成玄英以知足體知財賄虛假、守分不貪，故無恥辱，此一句結貨；知止既悟名譽非真、止而不著，故無危殆，此一句結名；知止於名、知足於貨，故可長久。唐玄宗御注以知足者不甚愛、知止者不多藏，既無辱殆故可長久；御疏以不邇聲名為知足、不殖貨財為知止，名當其實而無過分之累、貨不多藏而無貪求之害。嚴遵以知足之人體道同德、絕名除利，知止之人無禍無福、無得無喪，故能長存；並自注「所謂不辱」「知止不殆」「可以長久」。李榮以知足不外求名、知止不非理窺財，理國可以長存、修身可以久視。陸希聲以知足不貪貨、知止不貪名，不貪貨則不辱、不貪名則不殆，名可長有、貨可久守。呂惠卿以有德者知至貴至富在己、無待名貨，故知足不辱、知止不殆、可以長久。吳澄以知內分有定則足而不貪、知外物無益則止而不求，故無失譽虧行之辱、損壽隕生之殆。憨山以知足則不辱、知止則不殆，即可以長久，並歎此為破千古重昏之妙藥。王夫之以辱有自來或無自來、殆有自召或不召而至，善襲得而善遣亡。諸家或就治身治國、或就名貨、或就工夫，大旨皆謂知足知止乃長久之本。", "introTrad": "河上公以知足之人絕利去欲、不辱於身，知可止則止、財利不累於身、聲色不亂於耳目，故終身不危殆；人能知止足則福祿在己，治身者神不勞、治國者民不擾。成玄英以知足體知財賄虛假、守分不貪，故無恥辱，此一句結貨；知止既悟名譽非真、止而不著，故無危殆，此一句結名；知止於名、知足於貨，故可長久。唐玄宗御注以知足者不甚愛、知止者不多藏，既無辱殆故可長久；御疏以不邇聲名為知足、不殖貨財為知止，名當其實而無過分之累、貨不多藏而無貪求之害。嚴遵以知足之人體道同德、絕名除利，知止之人無禍無福、無得無喪，故能長存；並自注「所謂不辱」「知止不殆」「可以長久」。李榮以知足不外求名、知止不非理窺財，理國可以長存、修身可以久視。陸希聲以知足不貪貨、知止不貪名，不貪貨則不辱、不貪名則不殆，名可長有、貨可久守。呂惠卿以有德者知至貴至富在己、無待名貨，故知足不辱、知止不殆、可以長久。吳澄以知內分有定則足而不貪、知外物無益則止而不求，故無失譽虧行之辱、損壽隕生之殆。憨山以知足則不辱、知止則不殆，即可以長久，並歎此為破千古重昏之妙藥。王夫之以辱有自來或無自來、殆有自召或不召而至，善襲得而善遣亡。諸家或就治身治國、或就名貨、或就工夫，大旨皆謂知足知止乃長久之本。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "知足絕利去欲、知止財利不累，故無辱殆；治身神不勞、治國民不擾。", "thesisTrad": "知足絕利去欲、知止財利不累，故無辱殆；治身神不勞、治國民不擾。", "noteIds": [ "c006", "c007", "c008" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "知足绝利去欲、知止财利不累，故无辱殆；治身神不劳、治国民不扰。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "知足結貨、知止結名；知止於名、知足於貨，故可長久。", "thesisTrad": "知足結貨、知止結名；知止於名、知足於貨，故可長久。", "noteIds": [ "c017" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "知足结货、知止结名；知止于名、知足于货，故可长久。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "知足者不甚愛、知止者不多藏；既無辱殆，故可長久。", "thesisTrad": "知足者不甚愛、知止者不多藏；既無辱殆，故可長久。", "noteIds": [ "c027", "c028" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "知足者不甚爱、知止者不多藏；既无辱殆，故可长久。" }, "yanzun": { "workType": "指歸", "workTypeTrad": "指歸", "thesis": "知足之人體道同德、絕名除利；知止之人無得無喪，故能長存。", "thesisTrad": "知足之人體道同德、絕名除利；知止之人無得無喪，故能長存。", "noteIds": [ "c031" ], "workTypeSimp": "指归", "thesisSimp": "知足之人体道同德、绝名除利；知止之人无得无丧，故能长存。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "知足不外求名、知止不非理窺財；理國長存、修身久視。", "thesisTrad": "知足不外求名、知止不非理窺財；理國長存、修身久視。", "noteIds": [ "c034" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "知足不外求名、知止不非理窥财；理国长存、修身久视。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "知足不貪貨、知止不貪名；不貪則不辱不殆，名長有、貨久守。", "thesisTrad": "知足不貪貨、知止不貪名；不貪則不辱不殆，名長有、貨久守。", "noteIds": [ "c035" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "知足不贪货、知止不贪名；不贪则不辱不殆，名长有、货久守。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "知至貴至富在己、無待名貨，故知足不辱、知止不殆。", "thesisTrad": "知至貴至富在己、無待名貨，故知足不辱、知止不殆。", "noteIds": [ "c036" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "知至贵至富在己、无待名货，故知足不辱、知止不殆。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "知內分有定則足而不貪、知外物無益則止而不求，故無辱殆。", "thesisTrad": "知內分有定則足而不貪、知外物無益則止而不求，故無辱殆。", "noteIds": [ "c042" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "知内分有定则足而不贪、知外物无益则止而不求，故无辱殆。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "知足則不辱、知止則不殆，即可以長久；此為破千古重昏之妙藥。", "thesisTrad": "知足則不辱、知止則不殆，即可以長久；此為破千古重昏之妙藥。", "noteIds": [ "c043" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "知足则不辱、知止则不殆，即可以长久；此为破千古重昏之妙药。" }, "wangfuzhi": { "workType": "衍", "workTypeTrad": "衍", "thesis": "辱有自來或無自來，殆有自召或不召而至；善襲得而善遣亡。", "thesisTrad": "辱有自來或無自來，殆有自召或不召而至；善襲得而善遣亡。", "noteIds": [ "c047" ], "workTypeSimp": "衍", "thesisSimp": "辱有自来或无自来，殆有自召或不召而至；善袭得而善遣亡。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c006", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公以絕利去欲說知足，知足首先是不辱其身。", "textTrad": "河上公以絕利去欲說知足，知足首先是不辱其身。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公以绝利去欲说知足，知足首先是不辱其身。" }, { "noteId": "c017", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英以知足結貨、知止結名，將二句分屬名貨。", "textTrad": "成玄英以知足結貨、知止結名，將二句分屬名貨。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英以知足结货、知止结名，将二句分属名货。" }, { "noteId": "c027", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "唐玄宗以不甚愛、不多藏分釋知足知止，最為簡明。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗以不甚愛、不多藏分釋知足知止，最為簡明。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "唐玄宗以不甚爱、不多藏分释知足知止，最为简明。" }, { "noteId": "c031", "relation": "指歸", "relationTrad": "指歸", "text": "嚴遵以體道同德、無得無喪說知足知止，推向生成論的長存。", "textTrad": "嚴遵以體道同德、無得無喪說知足知止，推向生成論的長存。", "relationSimp": "指归", "textSimp": "严遵以体道同德、无得无丧说知足知止，推向生成论的长存。" }, { "noteId": "c034", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮以理國長存、修身久視分說長久，治身治國並舉。", "textTrad": "李榮以理國長存、修身久視分說長久，治身治國並舉。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣以理国长存、修身久视分说长久，治身治国并举。" }, { "noteId": "c035", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "陸希聲以知足不貪貨、知止不貪名，名貨各得其守。", "textTrad": "陸希聲以知足不貪貨、知止不貪名，名貨各得其守。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "陆希声以知足不贪货、知止不贪名，名货各得其守。" }, { "noteId": "c036", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "呂惠卿以至貴至富在己說知足知止，把外求轉為內足。", "textTrad": "呂惠卿以至貴至富在己說知足知止，把外求轉為內足。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "吕惠卿以至贵至富在己说知足知止，把外求转为内足。" }, { "noteId": "c042", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄以內分有定、外物無益分釋知足知止，界線最清楚。", "textTrad": "吳澄以內分有定、外物無益分釋知足知止，界線最清楚。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄以内分有定、外物无益分释知足知止，界线最清楚。" }, { "noteId": "c043", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "憨山以破千古重昏、啟膏肓妙藥作贊，推尊此章。", "textTrad": "憨山以破千古重昏、啟膏肓妙藥作贊，推尊此章。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "憨山以破千古重昏、启膏肓妙药作赞，推尊此章。" }, { "noteId": "c047", "relation": "衍", "relationTrad": "衍", "text": "王夫之以辱殆不必外來收束，知足知止成為內在工夫。", "textTrad": "王夫之以辱殆不必外來收束，知足知止成為內在工夫。", "relationSimp": "衍", "textSimp": "王夫之以辱殆不必外来收束，知足知止成为内在工夫。" } ], "nameSimp": "知足不辱，知止不殆，可以长久", "questionSimp": "「知足」「知止」是对名与货的分别节制，还是同一种工夫的两面？", "introSimp": "河上公以知足之人绝利去欲、不辱于身，知可止则止、财利不累于身、声色不乱于耳目，故终身不危殆；人能知止足则福禄在己，治身者神不劳、治国者民不扰。成玄英以知足体知财贿虚假、守分不贪，故无耻辱，此一句结货；知止既悟名誉非真、止而不着，故无危殆，此一句结名；知止于名、知足于货，故可长久。唐玄宗御注以知足者不甚爱、知止者不多藏，既无辱殆故可长久；御疏以不迩声名为知足、不殖货财为知止，名当其实而无过分之累、货不多藏而无贪求之害。严遵以知足之人体道同德、绝名除利，知止之人无祸无福、无得无丧，故能长存；并自注「所谓不辱」「知止不殆」「可以长久」。李荣以知足不外求名、知止不非理窥财，理国可以长存、修身可以久视。陆希声以知足不贪货、知止不贪名，不贪货则不辱、不贪名则不殆，名可长有、货可久守。吕惠卿以有德者知至贵至富在己、无待名货，故知足不辱、知止不殆、可以长久。吴澄以知内分有定则足而不贪、知外物无益则止而不求，故无失誉亏行之辱、损寿陨生之殆。憨山以知足则不辱、知止则不殆，即可以长久，并叹此为破千古重昏之妙药。王夫之以辱有自来或无自来、殆有自召或不召而至，善袭得而善遣亡。诸家或就治身治国、或就名货、或就工夫，大旨皆谓知足知止乃长久之本。" } ], "requiredSources": [ "heshanggong", "tangxuanzong" ] }, "schema": "librebook.chapter/1", "generatedAt": "2026-10-30T11:41:46.907Z", "keyPrefix": "laozi-44", "idRules": { "chapter": "章节目录名（slug），如 01；URL 为 /laozi/01/。", "sentence": "章内局部编号 sNNN，全篇引用使用 laozi-01:sNNN；页面锚点继续使用 #sNNN。", "commentary": "章内注号 cNNN，字词注 nNNN，校记 kNNN；编号在章内稳定，跨章引用时加章节前缀。", "paragraph": "章内段落号 pNNN，与 sentence.paragraph 对应。" }, "book": { "id": "laozi", "slug": "laozi", "title": "老子", "titleSimp": "老子", "author": "老聃", "authorSimp": "老聃", "era": "春秋", "eraSimp": "春秋", "editor": "河上公、王弼等", "editorSimp": "河上公、王弼等", "edition": "王弼《老子注》", "editionSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "baseLabel": "王弼《老子注》", "baseLabelSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "separationLabel": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英義疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、嚴遵指歸、李榮注、陸希聲傳、呂惠卿傳、蘇轍老子解、吳澄道德真經注、憨山道德經解、魏源老子本義、俞樾平議、王夫之老子衍十四家", "separationLabelSimp": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英义疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、严遵指归、李荣注、陆希声传、吕惠卿传、苏辙老子解、吴澄道德真经注、憨山道德经解、魏源老子本义、俞樾平议、王夫之老子衍十四家", "intro": "《老子》八十一章，分道經、德經。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》為底本，逐章整理正文、舊注、今譯與校記；第一至八十一章已上線，全帙完竣。", "introSimp": "《老子》八十一章，分道经、德经。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》为底本，逐章整理正文、旧注、今译与校记；第一至八十一章已上线，全帙完竣。" }, "volume": { "id": "dejing", "order": 2, "title": "德經", "titleSimp": "德经" }, "chapter": { "id": "laozi-44", "slug": "44", "order": 44, "title": "第四十四章", "titleSimp": "第四十四章", "status": "published", "revision": "初校", "review": "待复核", "updated": "2026-10-30", "summary": "全章五句：首以名與身、身與貨、得與亡三問科簡得失；次言甚愛必大費、多藏必厚亡；末言知足不辱、知止不殆、可以長久。河上公以名遂則身退、財多則害身、好得利則病於行；甚愛色者費精神、甚愛財者遇禍患，多藏則生有攻劫之憂、死有掘冢探柩之患；知足之人絕利去欲、知止則財利不累於身、聲色不亂於耳目；人能知止足則福祿在己，治身者神不勞、治國者民不擾。王弼以尚名好高則其身必疏、貪貨無厭則其身必少、得多利而亡其身；甚愛不與物通、多藏不與物散，求之者多、攻之者眾，故大費厚亡；末句無注。成玄英以身內實、名外賓，世皆求外喪內、貪名亡實；資貨本為我身，迷惑之徒喪身徇貨；得是喪己之徵、亡是存身之驗，世人以得為遇、以亡為病，實為謬誤；甚愛名譽之人必勞形怵心、費神損智；知足知止則無恥辱危殆、可長久。唐玄宗御注以名為實之賓，徇名亡身，設問欲令去功與名而全其真；徇名求財、財得亡身，欲令擲玉毀珠以全其和；得名貨與亡名貨，孰者病身；甚愛名者勞神、多藏貨者累身。御疏以費為損、親為愛，甚愛名者矯企情性、損費心神，多藏則其亡亦厚，引「懷璧其辜」與莊子含珠之說；知足者不甚愛、知止者不多藏，既無辱殆故可長久。嚴遵以我性所禀者道德，假而生者神明、因而成者太和、託而形者天地；禍極於死、福極於生，莫大乎生、莫大乎身，害身莫大乎名、莫大乎貨；得名得貨則道德不居、神明不留、大命以絕，失名失貨則道德是祐、神明是助；甚愛其身、多積貨財則貨名俱終；知足之人體道同德、絕名除利，知止之人無禍無福、無得無喪，故能長存。李榮以名為外之稱譽、貨為俗之財帛，身為忠孝之本、道德之基，理須外名利、存身神；弱喪者不反、逐欲者失真，為名殺身、因財害己；得失病利誰能定；甚愛為名殺身、多藏為財傷己；知足不外求名、知止不非理窺財，理國可以長存、修身可以久視。陸希聲以名為立身之表，有其實則身尊名揚，矯激為之則名雖聞而身棄於有道；貨為發身之資，得所用則身以好施見重，貪冒得之則貨滿堂而身薄於有德；竊名黷貨而亡修身約己之道，二者孰病；甚愛名必生偽、多藏貨必招盜；知足不貪貨、知止不貪名，則名長有、貨久守。呂惠卿以列士徇名、貪夫徇貨，殘生傷性則不知身親於名、身多於貨；君子小人所徇不同，而亡其所存則一；得名貨而亡其存，則亡病於得；愛名欲貴身，甚愛則並良貴而失之為大費；蓄貨欲富身，多藏則並至富而害之為厚亡；有德者知至貴至富在己、無待名貨，故知足不辱、知止不殆、可以長久。蘇轍以先身後名、貴身賤貨猶未忘我，忘我者身且不有，況名與貨；貴以身為天下非忘我不能，故使天下知名不足親、貨不足多而後知貴身、知忘我；不得者以亡為病，既得患失則病甚於亡，惟齊有無、均得喪而後無病；愛甚則求者無所不為，藏多則攻者必眾。吳澄以親猶所愛、多猶所重，名在身字上、貨在身字下乃便文協韻；引司馬光得名貨而亡身與得身而亡名貨一者孰病；愛名而愛身反不如，必耗費精神損壽為大費；嗜貨而重身反不如，必喪亡軀命隕生為厚亡；知內分有定則足而不貪、知外物無益則止而不求，故無失譽虧行之辱、損壽隕生之殆而可長久。憨山以名利損生、誡人知止足；名乃身外虛聲，與身較之身親而名疏；利乃身之長物，與身較之身在則有餘；世人役役名利、貪得無厭、戕生傷性，與其貪得而身亡，不若身存而遠害；愛甚費必大、藏多亡必厚，引隋侯之珠彈雀、鹿臺之欲為喻；知足不辱、知止不殆、可以長久。魏源以河上公分「天下之至柔」以下別為一章，按文義吳澄合之為是；又謂此章與上章皆發明「得一章」之旨；校河上無「是故」二字、王弼有；又以身親、貨多、藏亡、足辱、止殆久為韻。王夫之以至人非距物孤處，坐視其變，知我終無如物何、物亦終無如我何；辱有自來或無自來、殆有自召或不召而至；以身捷得其眚而受其名，不如無居；善愛名、善居貨、善襲得、善遣亡；得於身則消陰陽之沴，得於天下則斃虎兕之威。河上公八注、王弼四注、成玄英五注、唐玄宗御注御疏十一注、嚴遵三注、李榮三注、陸希聲一注、呂惠卿一注、蘇轍三注、吳澄三注、憨山一注、魏源三注、王夫之一注；俞樾《諸子平議》此章未列，故十三家。河上公題「立戒第四十四」，《玄德纂疏》卷十二題「名與身孰親章第四十四」，呂惠卿、蘇轍題「名與身章第四十四」，王弼本無章題；吳澄以此章自為其第三十六章，合第四十至四十三章為其第三十五章；魏源以此章為其第三十七章，合第四十二、四十三章為其第三十六章；諸本異文：河上公、憨山、王夫之無「是故」二字，嚴遵、王夫之作「故知足不辱」，蘇轍底本「孰」作「執」當是形近之訛，魏源又以身親、貨多、藏亡、足辱、止殆久為韻，並見校記。", "summarySimp": "全章五句：首以名与身、身与货、得与亡三问科简得失；次言甚爱必大费、多藏必厚亡；末言知足不辱、知止不殆、可以长久。河上公以名遂则身退、财多则害身、好得利则病于行；甚爱色者费精神、甚爱财者遇祸患，多藏则生有攻劫之忧、死有掘冢探柩之患；知足之人绝利去欲、知止则财利不累于身、声色不乱于耳目；人能知止足则福禄在己，治身者神不劳、治国者民不扰。王弼以尚名好高则其身必疏、贪货无厌则其身必少、得多利而亡其身；甚爱不与物通、多藏不与物散，求之者多、攻之者众，故大费厚亡；末句无注。成玄英以身内实、名外宾，世皆求外丧内、贪名亡实；资货本为我身，迷惑之徒丧身徇货；得是丧己之征、亡是存身之验，世人以得为遇、以亡为病，实为谬误；甚爱名誉之人必劳形怵心、费神损智；知足知止则无耻辱危殆、可长久。唐玄宗御注以名为实之宾，徇名亡身，设问欲令去功与名而全其真；徇名求财、财得亡身，欲令掷玉毁珠以全其和；得名货与亡名货，孰者病身；甚爱名者劳神、多藏货者累身。御疏以费为损、亲为爱，甚爱名者矫企情性、损费心神，多藏则其亡亦厚，引「怀璧其辜」与庄子含珠之说；知足者不甚爱、知止者不多藏，既无辱殆故可长久。严遵以我性所禀者道德，假而生者神明、因而成者太和、托而形者天地；祸极于死、福极于生，莫大乎生、莫大乎身，害身莫大乎名、莫大乎货；得名得货则道德不居、神明不留、大命以绝，失名失货则道德是祐、神明是助；甚爱其身、多积货财则货名俱终；知足之人体道同德、绝名除利，知止之人无祸无福、无得无丧，故能长存。李荣以名为外之称誉、货为俗之财帛，身为忠孝之本、道德之基，理须外名利、存身神；弱丧者不反、逐欲者失真，为名杀身、因财害己；得失病利谁能定；甚爱为名杀身、多藏为财伤己；知足不外求名、知止不非理窥财，理国可以长存、修身可以久视。陆希声以名为立身之表，有其实则身尊名扬，矫激为之则名虽闻而身弃于有道；货为发身之资，得所用则身以好施见重，贪冒得之则货满堂而身薄于有德；窃名黩货而亡修身约己之道，二者孰病；甚爱名必生伪、多藏货必招盗；知足不贪货、知止不贪名，则名长有、货久守。吕惠卿以列士徇名、贪夫徇货，残生伤性则不知身亲于名、身多于货；君子小人所徇不同，而亡其所存则一；得名货而亡其存，则亡病于得；爱名欲贵身，甚爱则并良贵而失之为大费；蓄货欲富身，多藏则并至富而害之为厚亡；有德者知至贵至富在己、无待名货，故知足不辱、知止不殆、可以长久。苏辙以先身后名、贵身贱货犹未忘我，忘我者身且不有，况名与货；贵以身为天下非忘我不能，故使天下知名不足亲、货不足多而后知贵身、知忘我；不得者以亡为病，既得患失则病甚于亡，惟齐有无、均得丧而后无病；爱甚则求者无所不为，藏多则攻者必众。吴澄以亲犹所爱、多犹所重，名在身字上、货在身字下乃便文协韵；引司马光得名货而亡身与得身而亡名货一者孰病；爱名而爱身反不如，必耗费精神损寿为大费；嗜货而重身反不如，必丧亡躯命陨生为厚亡；知内分有定则足而不贪、知外物无益则止而不求，故无失誉亏行之辱、损寿陨生之殆而可长久。憨山以名利损生、诫人知止足；名乃身外虚声，与身较之身亲而名疏；利乃身之长物，与身较之身在则有余；世人役役名利、贪得无厌、戕生伤性，与其贪得而身亡，不若身存而远害；爱甚费必大、藏多亡必厚，引隋侯之珠弹雀、鹿台之欲为喻；知足不辱、知止不殆、可以长久。魏源以河上公分「天下之至柔」以下别为一章，按文义吴澄合之为是；又谓此章与上章皆发明「得一章」之旨；校河上无「是故」二字、王弼有；又以身亲、货多、藏亡、足辱、止殆久为韵。王夫之以至人非距物孤处，坐视其变，知我终无如物何、物亦终无如我何；辱有自来或无自来、殆有自召或不召而至；以身捷得其眚而受其名，不如无居；善爱名、善居货、善袭得、善遣亡；得于身则消阴阳之沴，得于天下则毙虎兕之威。河上公八注、王弼四注、成玄英五注、唐玄宗御注御疏十一注、严遵三注、李荣三注、陆希声一注、吕惠卿一注、苏辙三注、吴澄三注、憨山一注、魏源三注、王夫之一注；俞樾《诸子平议》此章未列，故十三家。河上公题「立戒第四十四」，《玄德纂疏》卷十二题「名与身孰亲章第四十四」，吕惠卿、苏辙题「名与身章第四十四」，王弼本无章题；吴澄以此章自为其第三十六章，合第四十至四十三章为其第三十五章；魏源以此章为其第三十七章，合第四十二、四十三章为其第三十六章；诸本异文：河上公、憨山、王夫之无「是故」二字，严遵、王夫之作「故知足不辱」，苏辙底本「孰」作「执」当是形近之讹，魏源又以身亲、货多、藏亡、足辱、止殆久为韵，并见校记。", 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