{ "meta": { "book": { "id": "laozi", "title": "老子", "titleSimp": "老子", "author": "老聃", "authorSimp": "老聃", "era": "春秋", "eraSimp": "春秋", "editor": "河上公、王弼等", "editorSimp": "河上公、王弼等", "edition": "王弼《老子注》", "editionSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "slug": "laozi", "baseLabel": "王弼《老子注》", "baseLabelSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "separationLabel": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英義疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、嚴遵指歸、李榮注、陸希聲傳、呂惠卿傳、蘇轍老子解、吳澄道德真經注、憨山道德經解、魏源老子本義、俞樾平議、王夫之老子衍十四家", "separationLabelSimp": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英义疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、严遵指归、李荣注、陆希声传、吕惠卿传、苏辙老子解、吴澄道德真经注、憨山道德经解、魏源老子本义、俞樾平议、王夫之老子衍十四家", "intro": "《老子》八十一章，分道經、德經。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》為底本，逐章整理正文、舊注、今譯與校記；第一至八十一章已上線，全帙完竣。", "introSimp": "《老子》八十一章，分道经、德经。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》为底本，逐章整理正文、旧注、今译与校记；第一至八十一章已上线，全帙完竣。" }, "chapter": { "id": "laozi-45", "no": 45, "part": "德經", "partSimp": "德经", "title": "第四十五章", "titleSimp": "第四十五章", "intro": "《老子》第四十五章，河上公題「洪德第四十五」，《玄德纂疏》卷十二、呂惠卿、蘇轍題「大成若缺章第四十五」，王弼本無章題；吳澄以此章自為其第三十七章；魏源以此章為其第三十八章；嚴遵本無章題，此章自為一篇。全章五句：首二句以大成若缺、大盈若冲，明盛德若不足而其用不弊不窮；次三句以直、巧、辯之若屈、若拙、若訥，明大者不炫其迹；末二句以躁勝寒、靜勝熱，結歸清靜為天下正。河上公以道德大成之君滅名藏譽、如毀缺不備，大盈之君貴不敢驕、富不敢奢；大直不與俗爭，大巧不敢見能，大辯智無疑而口無辭；躁為死本、靜為生源，能清靜則為天下長。王弼以大成隨物而成、不為一象，大盈充足、隨物而與、無所愛矜，大直隨物而直、直不在一，大巧因自然以成器、不造異端，大辯因物而言、己無所造；末以躁罷然後勝寒、靜無為以勝熱，唯清靜乃得如上諸大。成玄英以行業大成之人能忘其成，故雖大成如似缺少；大盈之人能忘其滿，故雖滿如似空虚；大直質素不顯直相，大巧忘巧用而晦迹同凡，大辯所言不能言、不同世間口才捷利；躁陽靜陰，靜為長生之本、躁為死滅之元。唐玄宗御注以學行大成常如玷缺、謙則受益，禄位盈滿常若沖虚、儉不傷財；直而不肆、巧者傷於分外、不飾小說，故若屈、若拙、若訥。御疏以功成不恃、持滿不盈為說，寄陽氣動靜喻躁為死本、靜為生源，能無為清淨則趣生之本，可為天下之正。嚴遵以聖人治之無形、遺魂忘魄、休精息神，故其用不弊、莫之見聞；盈而若沖、實而若虚，不顯仁義、不建法式，故其用不窮；直而若屈、正而若枉，不郊祀而天心和、不降席而正四海；以陰陽寒暑喻躁勝寒、靜勝熱，去知去慮、虚心專氣，清靜因應，天下自正，其正文作「能靜能清，為天下正」。李榮以道圓德備名為大成，大壑酌之不竭、明鏡應之忘疲，故不弊；四達俱照、六通無幽，不以照為照、不以盈為盈，故若沖；冥同正道為大直，匠成萬物為大巧，談天暢理為大辯；陰陽二氣遞相為用，盛無盛、衰無衰，遺成不敗、忘勝無劣，絶生死為天下正。陸希聲以聖人道濟天下而慮一物失所，故成眾務而不弊；德充四海而不敢自矜，故應萬機而不窮；行至易之道、因自成之器、陳至當之理，物遂其性、人盡其能，皆自然而勝。呂惠卿以萬物始乎是、終乎是為大成，始无所始、終无所止故若缺；萬物酌焉而不竭為盈，益之而不加益故若沖；大直曲之而全、枉之而直，大巧刻彫眾形而不為巧，大辯不言而辯。蘇轍以天下以不缺為成故成必有弊、以不虚為盈故盈必有窮，唯泊然清淨、不染於一，非成非缺、非盈非沖，而後無所不勝。吳澄以成為成、盈為盈、直為直、巧為巧、辯為辯者小矣，若缺、若沖、若屈、若拙、若訥乃為成盈直巧辯之大者，老子一書大抵相反而相為用。憨山以聖人法天制用、與道為一，天地生物曲成不遺而似有所缺，陽和之氣充塞天地而其體沖虚；躁能勝寒而不能勝熱、靜能勝熱而不能勝寒，故聖人貴乎清淨為天下正。魏源以此章為其第三十八章，校河上、王弼「不敝」作「蔽」，又錄傅奕本「盈」作「滿」、「沖」作「盅」、「屈」作「詘」、「靜」作「靖」及末句異文。王夫之以陰陽交而人事煩、功名著，喜於有為者附物之盈，已盈而附必損於己，遂思以勝之，如見寒趨火、熱而飲冰，徒自困；早嗇於己、不驚於物，始於不依、終於不競，天下正而若未有功，故貌見不足而實享其有餘。本站以王弼《老子注》為底本，分列河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英義疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、嚴遵指歸、李榮注、陸希聲傳、呂惠卿傳、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》與王夫之《老子衍》，並附編者今譯。俞樾《諸子平議》此章未列。", "introSimp": "《老子》第四十五章，河上公题「洪德第四十五」，《玄德纂疏》卷十二、吕惠卿、苏辙题「大成若缺章第四十五」，王弼本无章题；吴澄以此章自为其第三十七章；魏源以此章为其第三十八章；严遵本无章题，此章自为一篇。全章五句：首二句以大成若缺、大盈若冲，明盛德若不足而其用不弊不穷；次三句以直、巧、辩之若屈、若拙、若讷，明大者不炫其迹；末二句以躁胜寒、静胜热，结归清静为天下正。河上公以道德大成之君灭名藏誉、如毁缺不备，大盈之君贵不敢骄、富不敢奢；大直不与俗争，大巧不敢见能，大辩智无疑而口无辞；躁为死本、静为生源，能清静则为天下长。王弼以大成随物而成、不为一象，大盈充足、随物而与、无所爱矜，大直随物而直、直不在一，大巧因自然以成器、不造异端，大辩因物而言、己无所造；末以躁罢然后胜寒、静无为以胜热，唯清静乃得如上诸大。成玄英以行业大成之人能忘其成，故虽大成如似缺少；大盈之人能忘其满，故虽满如似空虚；大直质素不显直相，大巧忘巧用而晦迹同凡，大辩所言不能言、不同世间口才捷利；躁阳静阴，静为长生之本、躁为死灭之元。唐玄宗御注以学行大成常如玷缺、谦则受益，禄位盈满常若冲虚、俭不伤财；直而不肆、巧者伤于分外、不饰小说，故若屈、若拙、若讷。御疏以功成不恃、持满不盈为说，寄阳气动静喻躁为死本、静为生源，能无为清净则趣生之本，可为天下之正。严遵以圣人治之无形、遗魂忘魄、休精息神，故其用不弊、莫之见闻；盈而若冲、实而若虚，不显仁义、不建法式，故其用不穷；直而若屈、正而若枉，不郊祀而天心和、不降席而正四海；以阴阳寒暑喻躁胜寒、静胜热，去知去虑、虚心专气，清静因应，天下自正，其正文作「能静能清，为天下正」。李荣以道圆德备名为大成，大壑酌之不竭、明镜应之忘疲，故不弊；四达俱照、六通无幽，不以照为照、不以盈为盈，故若冲；冥同正道为大直，匠成万物为大巧，谈天畅理为大辩；阴阳二气递相为用，盛无盛、衰无衰，遗成不败、忘胜无劣，绝生死为天下正。陆希声以圣人道济天下而虑一物失所，故成众务而不弊；德充四海而不敢自矜，故应万机而不穷；行至易之道、因自成之器、陈至当之理，物遂其性、人尽其能，皆自然而胜。吕惠卿以万物始乎是、终乎是为大成，始无所始、终无所止故若缺；万物酌焉而不竭为盈，益之而不加益故若冲；大直曲之而全、枉之而直，大巧刻雕众形而不为巧，大辩不言而辩。苏辙以天下以不缺为成故成必有弊、以不虚为盈故盈必有穷，唯泊然清净、不染于一，非成非缺、非盈非冲，而后无所不胜。吴澄以成为成、盈为盈、直为直、巧为巧、辩为辩者小矣，若缺、若冲、若屈、若拙、若讷乃为成盈直巧辩之大者，老子一书大抵相反而相为用。憨山以圣人法天制用、与道为一，天地生物曲成不遗而似有所缺，阳和之气充塞天地而其体冲虚；躁能胜寒而不能胜热、静能胜热而不能胜寒，故圣人贵乎清净为天下正。魏源以此章为其第三十八章，校河上、王弼「不敝」作「蔽」，又录傅奕本「盈」作「满」、「冲」作「盅」、「屈」作「诎」、「静」作「靖」及末句异文。王夫之以阴阳交而人事烦、功名著，喜于有为者附物之盈，已盈而附必损于己，遂思以胜之，如见寒趋火、热而饮冰，徒自困；早啬于己、不惊于物，始于不依、终于不竞，天下正而若未有功，故貌见不足而实享其有余。本站以王弼《老子注》为底本，分列河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英义疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、严遵指归、李荣注、陆希声传、吕惠卿传、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》与王夫之《老子衍》，并附编者今译。俞樾《诸子平议》此章未列。", "guide": "點擊任一句可展開句注；點擊字詞可看本句訓釋；按「諸家並觀」可將同一句的舊注並列對讀，本章十三家舊注。河上公、王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、嚴遵、李榮、蘇轍、吳澄逐句或分段分疏；陸希聲、呂惠卿、憨山各以整章一段通釋；魏源以章次校記、王夫之以整章衍文，本站按文義分條。俞樾《諸子平議》此章未列。", "guideSimp": "点击任一句可展开句注；点击字词可看本句训释；按「诸家并观」可将同一句的旧注并列对读，本章十三家旧注。河上公、王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、严遵、李荣、苏辙、吴澄逐句或分段分疏；陆希声、吕惠卿、憨山各以整章一段通释；魏源以章次校记、王夫之以整章衍文，本站按文义分条。俞樾《诸子平议》此章未列。", "slug": "45", "order": 45, "status": "published", "revision": "初校", "review": "待复核", "updated": "2026-10-30", "summary": "全章五句：首二句言大成若缺、其用不弊，大盈若冲、其用不窮；次句言大直若屈、大巧若拙、大辯若訥；末二句言躁勝寒、靜勝熱、清靜為天下正。河上公以道德大成之君滅名藏譽、如毀缺不備，大盈之君貴不敢驕、富不敢奢；大直不與俗爭，大巧不敢見能，大辯智無疑而口無辭；躁為死本、靜為生源，能清靜則為天下長。王弼以大成隨物而成、不為一象，大盈充足、隨物而與、無所愛矜；大直隨物而直、直不在一，大巧因自然以成器、不造異端，大辯因物而言、己無所造；躁罷然後勝寒、靜無為以勝熱，唯清靜乃得如上諸大。成玄英以行業大成之人能忘其成，故雖大成如似缺少；大盈之人能忘其滿，故雖滿如似空虚；大直質素不顯直相，大巧忘巧用而晦迹同凡，大辯所言不能言、不同世間口才捷利；躁陽靜陰，靜為長生之本、躁為死滅之元。唐玄宗御注以學行大成常如玷缺、謙則受益，禄位盈滿常若沖虚、儉不傷財；直而不肆、巧者傷於分外、不飾小說，故若屈、若拙、若訥。御疏以功成不恃、持滿不盈為說，寄陽氣動靜喻躁為死本、靜為生源，能無為清淨則趣生之本，可為天下之正。嚴遵以聖人治之無形、遺魂忘魄、休精息神，故其用不弊；盈而若沖、實而若虚，不顯仁義、不建法式，故其用不窮；直而若屈、正而若枉，不郊祀而天心和、不降席而正四海；以陰陽寒暑喻躁勝寒、靜勝熱，去知去慮、虚心專氣，清靜因應，天下自正，其正文作「能靜能清，為天下正」。李榮以道圓德備名為大成，大壑酌之不竭、明鏡應之忘疲，故不弊；四達俱照、六通無幽，不以照為照、不以盈為盈，故若沖；冥同正道為大直，匠成萬物為大巧，談天暢理為大辯；陰陽二氣遞相為用，盛無盛、衰無衰，遺成不敗、忘勝無劣，絶生死為天下正。陸希聲以聖人道濟天下而慮一物失所，故成眾務而不弊；德充四海而不敢自矜，故應萬機而不窮；行至易之道、因自成之器、陳至當之理，物遂其性、人盡其能，皆自然而勝。呂惠卿以萬物始乎是、終乎是為大成，始无所始、終无所止故若缺；萬物酌焉而不竭為盈，益之而不加益故若沖；大直曲之而全、枉之而直，大巧刻彫眾形而不為巧，大辯不言而辯。蘇轍以天下以不缺為成故成必有弊、以不虚為盈故盈必有窮，唯泊然清淨、不染於一，非成非缺、非盈非沖，而後無所不勝。吳澄以成為成、盈為盈、直為直、巧為巧、辯為辯者小矣，若缺、若沖、若屈、若拙、若訥乃為成盈直巧辯之大者，老子一書大抵相反而相為用。憨山以聖人法天制用、與道為一，天地生物曲成不遺而似有所缺，陽和之氣充塞天地而其體沖虚；躁能勝寒而不能勝熱、靜能勝熱而不能勝寒，故聖人貴乎清淨為天下正。魏源以此章為其第三十八章，校河上、王弼「不敝」作「蔽」，又錄傅奕本「盈」作「滿」、「沖」作「盅」、「屈」作「詘」、「靜」作「靖」及末句異文。王夫之以陰陽交而人事煩、功名著，喜於有為者附物之盈，已盈而附必損於己，遂思以勝之，如見寒趨火、熱而飲冰，徒自困；早嗇於己、不驚於物，始於不依、終於不競，天下正而若未有功，故貌見不足而實享其有餘。河上公九注、王弼六注、成玄英七注、唐玄宗御注御疏十二注、嚴遵四注、李榮七注、陸希聲一注、呂惠卿一注、蘇轍三注、吳澄三注、憨山一注、魏源二注、王夫之一注；俞樾《諸子平議》此章未列，故十三家。河上公題「洪德第四十五」，《玄德纂疏》卷十二、呂惠卿、蘇轍題「大成若缺章第四十五」，王弼本無章題；吳澄以此章自為其第三十七章，魏源以此章為其第三十八章；諸本異文：呂惠卿、吳澄、憨山作「不敝」，魏源校記云河上、王弼作「蔽」；傅奕本「盈」作「滿」、「沖」作「盅」、「屈」作「詘」、「靜」作「靖」，末句「清靜」上有「知」字、下有「以」字；嚴遵作「能靜能清，為天下正」，蘇轍作「清淨為天下正」，王夫之作「寒勝躁」，並見校記。", "summarySimp": "全章五句：首二句言大成若缺、其用不弊，大盈若冲、其用不穷；次句言大直若屈、大巧若拙、大辩若讷；末二句言躁胜寒、静胜热、清静为天下正。河上公以道德大成之君灭名藏誉、如毁缺不备，大盈之君贵不敢骄、富不敢奢；大直不与俗争，大巧不敢见能，大辩智无疑而口无辞；躁为死本、静为生源，能清静则为天下长。王弼以大成随物而成、不为一象，大盈充足、随物而与、无所爱矜；大直随物而直、直不在一，大巧因自然以成器、不造异端，大辩因物而言、己无所造；躁罢然后胜寒、静无为以胜热，唯清静乃得如上诸大。成玄英以行业大成之人能忘其成，故虽大成如似缺少；大盈之人能忘其满，故虽满如似空虚；大直质素不显直相，大巧忘巧用而晦迹同凡，大辩所言不能言、不同世间口才捷利；躁阳静阴，静为长生之本、躁为死灭之元。唐玄宗御注以学行大成常如玷缺、谦则受益，禄位盈满常若冲虚、俭不伤财；直而不肆、巧者伤于分外、不饰小说，故若屈、若拙、若讷。御疏以功成不恃、持满不盈为说，寄阳气动静喻躁为死本、静为生源，能无为清净则趣生之本，可为天下之正。严遵以圣人治之无形、遗魂忘魄、休精息神，故其用不弊；盈而若冲、实而若虚，不显仁义、不建法式，故其用不穷；直而若屈、正而若枉，不郊祀而天心和、不降席而正四海；以阴阳寒暑喻躁胜寒、静胜热，去知去虑、虚心专气，清静因应，天下自正，其正文作「能静能清，为天下正」。李荣以道圆德备名为大成，大壑酌之不竭、明镜应之忘疲，故不弊；四达俱照、六通无幽，不以照为照、不以盈为盈，故若冲；冥同正道为大直，匠成万物为大巧，谈天畅理为大辩；阴阳二气递相为用，盛无盛、衰无衰，遗成不败、忘胜无劣，绝生死为天下正。陆希声以圣人道济天下而虑一物失所，故成众务而不弊；德充四海而不敢自矜，故应万机而不穷；行至易之道、因自成之器、陈至当之理，物遂其性、人尽其能，皆自然而胜。吕惠卿以万物始乎是、终乎是为大成，始无所始、终无所止故若缺；万物酌焉而不竭为盈，益之而不加益故若冲；大直曲之而全、枉之而直，大巧刻雕众形而不为巧，大辩不言而辩。苏辙以天下以不缺为成故成必有弊、以不虚为盈故盈必有穷，唯泊然清净、不染于一，非成非缺、非盈非冲，而后无所不胜。吴澄以成为成、盈为盈、直为直、巧为巧、辩为辩者小矣，若缺、若冲、若屈、若拙、若讷乃为成盈直巧辩之大者，老子一书大抵相反而相为用。憨山以圣人法天制用、与道为一，天地生物曲成不遗而似有所缺，阳和之气充塞天地而其体冲虚；躁能胜寒而不能胜热、静能胜热而不能胜寒，故圣人贵乎清净为天下正。魏源以此章为其第三十八章，校河上、王弼「不敝」作「蔽」，又录傅奕本「盈」作「满」、「冲」作「盅」、「屈」作「诎」、「静」作「靖」及末句异文。王夫之以阴阳交而人事烦、功名著，喜于有为者附物之盈，已盈而附必损于己，遂思以胜之，如见寒趋火、热而饮冰，徒自困；早啬于己、不惊于物，始于不依、终于不竞，天下正而若未有功，故貌见不足而实享其有余。河上公九注、王弼六注、成玄英七注、唐玄宗御注御疏十二注、严遵四注、李荣七注、陆希声一注、吕惠卿一注、苏辙三注、吴澄三注、憨山一注、魏源二注、王夫之一注；俞樾《诸子平议》此章未列，故十三家。河上公题「洪德第四十五」，《玄德纂疏》卷十二、吕惠卿、苏辙题「大成若缺章第四十五」，王弼本无章题；吴澄以此章自为其第三十七章，魏源以此章为其第三十八章；诸本异文：吕惠卿、吴澄、憨山作「不敝」，魏源校记云河上、王弼作「蔽」；傅奕本「盈」作「满」、「冲」作「盅」、「屈」作「诎」、「静」作「靖」，末句「清静」上有「知」字、下有「以」字；严遵作「能静能清，为天下正」，苏辙作「清净为天下正」，王夫之作「寒胜躁」，并见校记。", "dataFile": "data/chapters/laozi-45.json", "relationsFile": "data/commentary-relations-laozi-45.json", "url": "/laozi/45/", "volumeId": "dejing", "volumeTitle": "德經", "volumeTitleSimp": "德经", "orderLabel": "第四十五" }, "edition": { "base": "王弼《老子注》", "baseEdition": "王弼《老子注》通行本", "separation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》、王弼《老子道德經注》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、嚴遵《道德真經指歸》、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》、王夫之《老子衍》諸本對校；河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗御注御疏、李榮此章據《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引", "punctuation": "數字轉錄所附現代標點，本站僅作閱讀輔助，尚未逐字復核原刻", "digital": "中華典藏網、識典古籍、大道家園公開轉錄、Kanripo 漢籍全文資料庫（僅作文字底本）", "caution": "王弼底本作「大成若缺，其用不弊，大盈若冲，其用不窮，大直若屈，大巧若拙，大辯若訥，躁勝寒，靜勝熱，清靜為天下正」；河上公題「洪德第四十五」，《玄德纂疏》卷十二、呂惠卿、蘇轍題「大成若缺章第四十五」，王弼本無章題；吳澄以此章自為其第三十七章；魏源以此章為其第三十八章。諸本異文：呂惠卿、吳澄、憨山作「不敝」，魏源校記云河上、王弼作「蔽」；傅奕本「盈」作「滿」，「沖」作「盅」，「屈」作「詘」，「靜」作「靖」，末句「清靜」上有「知」字、下有「以」字；嚴遵作「能靜能清，為天下正」；蘇轍作「清淨為天下正」；王夫之作「寒勝躁」。正文從王弼本，異文見校記。", "baseSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "baseEditionSimp": "王弼《老子注》通行本", "separationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》、王弼《老子道德经注》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、严遵《道德真经指归》、李荣《道德真经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》、王夫之《老子衍》诸本对校；河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗御注御疏、李荣此章据《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引", "punctuationSimp": "数字转录所附现代标点，本站仅作阅读辅助，尚未逐字复核原刻", "digitalSimp": "中华典藏网、识典古籍、大道家园公开转录、Kanripo 汉籍全文资料库（仅作文字底本）", "cautionSimp": "王弼底本作「大成若缺，其用不弊，大盈若冲，其用不穷，大直若屈，大巧若拙，大辩若讷，躁胜寒，静胜热，清静为天下正」；河上公题「洪德第四十五」，《玄德纂疏》卷十二、吕惠卿、苏辙题「大成若缺章第四十五」，王弼本无章题；吴澄以此章自为其第三十七章；魏源以此章为其第三十八章。诸本异文：吕惠卿、吴澄、憨山作「不敝」，魏源校记云河上、王弼作「蔽」；傅奕本「盈」作「满」，「冲」作「盅」，「屈」作「诎」，「静」作「靖」，末句「清静」上有「知」字、下有「以」字；严遵作「能静能清，为天下正」；苏辙作「清净为天下正」；王夫之作「寒胜躁」。正文从王弼本，异文见校记。" }, "license": { "historical": "公有領域", "translation": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "code": "MIT" }, "stats": { "sentences": 5, "commentaries": 57, "charNotes": 14, "collations": 7 } }, "sources": [ { "id": "heshanggong", "name": "河上公章句", "short": "河上公", "author": "河上公", "work": "老子道德經章句", "era": "漢", "years": "傳漢文帝時", "color": "#a3542c", "desc": "分章句解，兼重治身與治國；此章題「洪德第四十五」，以道德大成之君滅名藏譽、如毀缺不備，大盈之君貴不敢驕、富不敢奢；大直不與俗爭，大巧不敢見能，大辯智無疑而口無辭；躁為死本、靜為生源，能清靜則為天下長。此章據《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引，參校四部叢刊本。", "count": 9, "nameSimp": "河上公章句", "workSimp": "老子道德经章句", "authorSimp": "河上公", "eraSimp": "汉", "yearsSimp": "传汉文帝时", "descSimp": "分章句解，兼重治身与治国；此章题「洪德第四十五」，以道德大成之君灭名藏誉、如毁缺不备，大盈之君贵不敢骄、富不敢奢；大直不与俗争，大巧不敢见能，大辩智无疑而口无辞；躁为死本、静为生源，能清静则为天下长。此章据《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引，参校四部丛刊本。", "shortSimp": "河上公" }, { "id": "wangbi", "name": "王弼注", "short": "王注", "author": "王弼", "work": "老子道德經注", "era": "曹魏", "years": "226–249", "color": "#8c5a2b", "desc": "以崇本息末為宗；此章注六條，以大成隨物而成、不為一象，大盈充足、隨物而與、無所愛矜，大直隨物而直、直不在一，大巧因自然以成器、不造異端，大辯因物而言、己無所造；末以躁罷然後勝寒、靜無為以勝熱，唯清靜乃得如上諸大。王弼本正文作「不弊」「冲」「清靜」。此章注據《道藏》本王弼《老子注》。", "count": 6, "nameSimp": "王弼注", "workSimp": "老子道德经注", "authorSimp": "王弼", "eraSimp": "曹魏", "yearsSimp": "226–249", "descSimp": "以崇本息末为宗；此章注六条，以大成随物而成、不为一象，大盈充足、随物而与、无所爱矜，大直随物而直、直不在一，大巧因自然以成器、不造异端，大辩因物而言、己无所造；末以躁罢然后胜寒、静无为以胜热，唯清静乃得如上诸大。王弼本正文作「不弊」「冲」「清静」。此章注据《道藏》本王弼《老子注》。", "shortSimp": "王注" }, { "id": "chengxuanying", "name": "成玄英疏", "short": "成疏", "author": "成玄英", "work": "老子道德經義疏", "era": "唐", "years": "約 608–669", "color": "#6b7a4a", "desc": "以重玄雙遣為宗；此章《玄德纂疏》卷十二存義疏，以行業大成之人能忘其成，故雖大成如似缺少；道德大盈之人能忘其滿，故雖滿如似空虚；大直質素不顯直相，大巧忘巧用而晦迹同凡，大辯所言不能言、不同世間口才捷利；躁陽靜陰，靜為長生之本、躁為死滅之元，清虚寧靜可為天下正。", "count": 7, "nameSimp": "成玄英疏", "workSimp": "老子道德经义疏", "authorSimp": "成玄英", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "约 608–669", "descSimp": "以重玄双遣为宗；此章《玄德纂疏》卷十二存义疏，以行业大成之人能忘其成，故虽大成如似缺少；道德大盈之人能忘其满，故虽满如似空虚；大直质素不显直相，大巧忘巧用而晦迹同凡，大辩所言不能言、不同世间口才捷利；躁阳静阴，静为长生之本、躁为死灭之元，清虚宁静可为天下正。", "shortSimp": "成疏" }, { "id": "tangxuanzong", "name": "唐玄宗御注御疏", "short": "御注", "author": "李隆基", "work": "道德真經注疏", "era": "唐", "years": "685–762", "color": "#9b3d3d", "desc": "帝王御注，兼採諸家；御注以學行大成常如玷缺、謙則受益，禄位盈滿常若沖虚、儉不傷財；直而不肆、巧者傷於分外、不飾小說，故若屈、若拙、若訥。御疏以功成不恃、持滿不盈為說，寄陽氣動靜喻躁為死本、靜為生源，能無為清淨則趣生之本，可為天下之正。此章據《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引御注御疏，御注躁勝寒句文有訛脫，不錄。", "count": 12, "nameSimp": "唐玄宗御注御疏", "workSimp": "道德真经注疏", "authorSimp": "李隆基", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "685–762", "descSimp": "帝王御注，兼采诸家；御注以学行大成常如玷缺、谦则受益，禄位盈满常若冲虚、俭不伤财；直而不肆、巧者伤于分外、不饰小说，故若屈、若拙、若讷。御疏以功成不恃、持满不盈为说，寄阳气动静喻躁为死本、静为生源，能无为清净则趣生之本，可为天下之正。此章据《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引御注御疏，御注躁胜寒句文有讹脱，不录。", "shortSimp": "御注" }, { "id": "yanzun", "name": "嚴遵指歸", "short": "嚴指歸", "author": "嚴遵", "work": "道德真經指歸", "era": "漢", "years": "約前 83–10", "color": "#7a5c3e", "desc": "以「自然」「太和」立說；此章指歸存於《道藏》本，嚴遵本無章題，此章自為一篇；以聖人治之無形、遺魂忘魄、休精息神，故其用不弊、莫之見聞；盈而若沖、實而若虚，不顯仁義、不建法式，故其用不窮；直而若屈、正而若枉，不郊祀而天心和、不降席而正四海；以陰陽寒暑喻躁勝寒、靜勝熱，去知去慮、虚心專氣，清靜因應，天下自正。正文作「能靜能清，為天下正」。", "count": 4, "nameSimp": "严遵指归", "workSimp": "道德真经指归", "authorSimp": "严遵", "eraSimp": "汉", "yearsSimp": "约前 83–10", "descSimp": "以「自然」「太和」立说；此章指归存于《道藏》本，严遵本无章题，此章自为一篇；以圣人治之无形、遗魂忘魄、休精息神，故其用不弊、莫之见闻；盈而若冲、实而若虚，不显仁义、不建法式，故其用不穷；直而若屈、正而若枉，不郊祀而天心和、不降席而正四海；以阴阳寒暑喻躁胜寒、静胜热，去知去虑、虚心专气，清静因应，天下自正。正文作「能静能清，为天下正」。", "shortSimp": "严指归" }, { "id": "lirong", "name": "李榮注", "short": "李注", "author": "李榮", "work": "道德真經注", "era": "唐", "years": "生卒不詳", "color": "#4f6b7a", "desc": "唐初道士，以重玄遣執解《老》；此章《玄德纂疏》卷十二存注，以道圓德備名為大成，大壑酌之不竭、明鏡應之忘疲，故不弊；四達俱照、六通無幽，不以照為照、不以盈為盈，故若沖；冥同正道為大直，匠成萬物為大巧，談天暢理為大辯；陰陽二氣遞相為用，盛無盛、衰無衰，遺成不敗、忘勝無劣，絶生死為天下正。", "count": 7, "nameSimp": "李荣注", "workSimp": "道德真经注", "authorSimp": "李荣", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "生卒不详", "descSimp": "唐初道士，以重玄遣执解《老》；此章《玄德纂疏》卷十二存注，以道圆德备名为大成，大壑酌之不竭、明镜应之忘疲，故不弊；四达俱照、六通无幽，不以照为照、不以盈为盈，故若冲；冥同正道为大直，匠成万物为大巧，谈天畅理为大辩；阴阳二气递相为用，盛无盛、衰无衰，遗成不败、忘胜无劣，绝生死为天下正。", "shortSimp": "李注" }, { "id": "luxisheng", "name": "陸希聲傳", "short": "陸傳", "author": "陸希聲", "work": "道德經傳", "era": "唐", "years": "？–895", "color": "#6a5a7a", "desc": "以情性說道器；此章整章一傳，以聖人道濟天下而慮一物失所，故成眾務而不弊；德充四海而不敢自矜，故應萬機而不窮；行至易之道、因自成之器、陳至當之理，物遂其性、人盡其能，皆自然而勝；猶躁作勝祁寒、靜正勝祁暑，故無為而民自化、好靜而民自正，清靜可為天下正。此章傳據《道藏》本。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "陆希声传", "workSimp": "道德经传", "authorSimp": "陆希声", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "？–895", "descSimp": "以情性说道器；此章整章一传，以圣人道济天下而虑一物失所，故成众务而不弊；德充四海而不敢自矜，故应万机而不穷；行至易之道、因自成之器、陈至当之理，物遂其性、人尽其能，皆自然而胜；犹躁作胜祁寒、静正胜祁暑，故无为而民自化、好静而民自正，清静可为天下正。此章传据《道藏》本。", "shortSimp": "陆传" }, { "id": "lvhuiqing", "name": "呂惠卿傳", "short": "呂傳", "author": "呂惠卿", "work": "道德真經傳", "era": "北宋", "years": "1032–1111", "color": "#7a6a4a", "desc": "此章整章一傳，以萬物始乎是、終乎是為大成，始无所始、終无所止故若缺，唯其若缺故其用日新而不敝；萬物酌焉而不竭為盈，益之而不加益故若沖，唯其若沖故其用日給而不窮；大直曲之而全、枉之而直，大巧刻彫眾形而不為巧，大辯不言而辯；以一時躁靜猶能勝寒熱，況體无為之清靜以為天下正。底本正文作「不敝」「沖」。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "吕惠卿传", "workSimp": "道德真经传", "authorSimp": "吕惠卿", "eraSimp": "北宋", "yearsSimp": "1032–1111", "descSimp": "此章整章一传，以万物始乎是、终乎是为大成，始无所始、终无所止故若缺，唯其若缺故其用日新而不敝；万物酌焉而不竭为盈，益之而不加益故若冲，唯其若冲故其用日给而不穷；大直曲之而全、枉之而直，大巧刻雕众形而不为巧，大辩不言而辩；以一时躁静犹能胜寒热，况体无为之清静以为天下正。底本正文作「不敝」「冲」。", "shortSimp": "吕传" }, { "id": "suzhe", "name": "蘇轍老子解", "short": "蘇解", "author": "蘇轍", "work": "老子解", "era": "北宋", "years": "1039–1112", "color": "#4a6a6a", "desc": "此章注三條，以天下以不缺為成故成必有弊、以不虚為盈故盈必有窮；聖人要於大成而不卹其缺、期於大盈而不惡其沖，故成而不弊、盈而不窮；直而不屈其直必折、巧而不拙其巧必勞、辯而不訥其辯必窮，唯泊然清淨、不染於一，非成非缺、非盈非沖，而後無所不勝，可以為天下正。底本正文作「大盈若沖」「清淨為天下正」。", "count": 3, "nameSimp": "苏辙老子解", "workSimp": "老子解", "authorSimp": "苏辙", "eraSimp": "北宋", "yearsSimp": "1039–1112", "descSimp": "此章注三条，以天下以不缺为成故成必有弊、以不虚为盈故盈必有穷；圣人要于大成而不恤其缺、期于大盈而不恶其冲，故成而不弊、盈而不穷；直而不屈其直必折、巧而不拙其巧必劳、辩而不讷其辩必穷，唯泊然清净、不染于一，非成非缺、非盈非冲，而后无所不胜，可以为天下正。底本正文作「大盈若冲」「清净为天下正」。", "shortSimp": "苏解" }, { "id": "wucheng", "name": "吳澄道德真經注", "short": "吳注", "author": "吳澄", "work": "道德真經注", "era": "元", "years": "1249–1333", "color": "#5a6a3a", "desc": "此章自為其第三十七章；以成為成、盈為盈、直為直、巧為巧、辯為辯者小矣，若缺、若沖、若屈、若拙、若訥乃為成盈直巧辯之大者，老子一書大抵相反而相為用；陽之躁勝陰之寒、陰之靜勝陽之熱，亦相反而相為用；清靜無為、寂然不動，無為而無不為，故能為天下正。底本正文作「不敝」「冲」「清靜為天下正」。", "count": 3, "nameSimp": "吴澄道德真经注", "workSimp": "道德真经注", "authorSimp": "吴澄", "eraSimp": "元", "yearsSimp": "1249–1333", "descSimp": "此章自为其第三十七章；以成为成、盈为盈、直为直、巧为巧、辩为辩者小矣，若缺、若冲、若屈、若拙、若讷乃为成盈直巧辩之大者，老子一书大抵相反而相为用；阳之躁胜阴之寒、阴之静胜阳之热，亦相反而相为用；清静无为、寂然不动，无为而无不为，故能为天下正。底本正文作「不敝」「冲」「清静为天下正」。", "shortSimp": "吴注" }, { "id": "hanshan", "name": "憨山道德經解", "short": "憨山", "author": "釋德清", "work": "道德經解", "era": "明", "years": "1546–1623", "color": "#705a4a", "desc": "此章整章一解，以聖人法天制用、與道為一，故能勝物而物不能勝，申明前章不言之教、無為之益；天地生物曲成不遺而似有所缺，故其用不敝；陽和之氣充塞天地而其體沖虚，故其用不窮；大直若屈、大巧若拙、大辯若訥，皆法天制用；躁能勝寒而不能勝熱、靜能勝熱而不能勝寒，故聖人貴乎清淨為天下正。底本正文作「不敝」「沖」「清淨為天下正」。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "憨山道德经解", "workSimp": "道德经解", "authorSimp": "释德清", "eraSimp": "明", "yearsSimp": "1546–1623", "descSimp": "此章整章一解，以圣人法天制用、与道为一，故能胜物而物不能胜，申明前章不言之教、无为之益；天地生物曲成不遗而似有所缺，故其用不敝；阳和之气充塞天地而其体冲虚，故其用不穷；大直若屈、大巧若拙、大辩若讷，皆法天制用；躁能胜寒而不能胜热、静能胜热而不能胜寒，故圣人贵乎清净为天下正。底本正文作「不敝」「冲」「清净为天下正」。", "shortSimp": "憨山" }, { "id": "weiyuan", "name": "魏源老子本義", "short": "魏本義", "author": "魏源", "work": "老子本義", "era": "清", "years": "1794–1857", "color": "#3d5a6a", "desc": "清儒治《老》，重校勘與通義；此章為其第三十八章，校河上、王弼「不敝」作「蔽」，又錄傅奕本「盈」作「滿」、「沖」作「盅」、「屈」作「詘」、「靜」作「靖」、末句「清靜」上有「知」字下有「以」字；並引吳澄、蘇轍、葉夢得說，以清靜正天下為以不勝勝之。", "count": 2, "nameSimp": "魏源老子本义", "workSimp": "老子本义", "authorSimp": "魏源", "eraSimp": "清", "yearsSimp": "1794–1857", "descSimp": "清儒治《老》，重校勘与通义；此章为其第三十八章，校河上、王弼「不敝」作「蔽」，又录傅奕本「盈」作「满」、「冲」作「盅」、「屈」作「诎」、「静」作「靖」、末句「清静」上有「知」字下有「以」字；并引吴澄、苏辙、叶梦得说，以清静正天下为以不胜胜之。", "shortSimp": "魏本义" }, { "id": "wangfuzhi", "name": "船山衍", "short": "船山", "author": "王夫之", "work": "老子衍", "era": "清", "years": "1619–1692", "color": "#3f5d52", "desc": "此章衍文一段，以陰陽交而人事煩、功名著，喜於有為者附物之盈，已盈而附必損於己，遂思以勝之，如見寒趨火、熱而飲冰，徒自困；早嗇於己、不驚於物，始於不依、終於不競，天下正而若未有功，故貌見不足而實享其有餘。底本正文作「寒勝躁」，並夾引葉夢得語。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "船山衍", "workSimp": "老子衍", "authorSimp": "王夫之", "eraSimp": "清", "yearsSimp": "1619–1692", "descSimp": "此章衍文一段，以阴阳交而人事烦、功名著，喜于有为者附物之盈，已盈而附必损于己，遂思以胜之，如见寒趋火、热而饮冰，徒自困；早啬于己、不惊于物，始于不依、终于不竞，天下正而若未有功，故貌见不足而实享其有余。底本正文作「寒胜躁」，并夹引叶梦得语。", "shortSimp": "船山" }, { "id": "translator", "name": "本站今譯", "short": "今譯", "author": "LibreBook 編者", "work": "今譯", "era": "當代", "years": "", "color": "#8a8a8a", "desc": "編者據舊注與上下文所作語體今譯，供閱讀參照。", "count": 5, "nameSimp": "本站今译", "workSimp": "今译", "authorSimp": "LibreBook 编者", "eraSimp": "当代", "yearsSimp": "", "descSimp": "编者据旧注与上下文所作语体今译，供阅读参照。", "shortSimp": "今译" } ], "sentences": [ { "id": "s001", "paragraph": 1, "text": "大成若缺，其用不弊。", "textSimp": "大成若缺，其用不弊。", "translation": "最完满的成就好像有所欠缺，它的作用却永不衰败。", "translationTrad": "最完滿的成就好像有所欠缺，它的作用卻永不衰敗。", "noteIds": [ "c001", "c002", "c010", "c016", "c023", "c024", "c035", "c039", "c046", "c047", "c048", "c051", "c054", "c055", "c057" ], "noteCount": 15, "charNoteIds": [ "n001", "n002", "n003" ], "key": "laozi-45:s001", "n": 1 }, { "id": "s002", "paragraph": 1, "text": "大盈若冲，其用不窮。", "textSimp": "大盈若冲，其用不穷。", "translation": "最充实的盈满好像空虚，它的作用却无穷无尽。", "translationTrad": "最充實的盈滿好像空虛，它的作用卻無窮無盡。", "noteIds": [ "c003", "c004", "c011", "c017", "c025", "c026", "c035", "c040", "c046", "c047", "c048", "c051", "c054", "c056", "c057" ], "noteCount": 15, "charNoteIds": [ "n004", "n005", "n006" ], "key": "laozi-45:s002", "n": 2 }, { "id": "s003", "paragraph": 1, "text": "大直若屈，大巧若拙，大辯若訥。", "textSimp": "大直若屈，大巧若拙，大辩若讷。", "translation": "最正直的好像弯曲，最精巧的好像笨拙，最善辩的好像言语迟钝。", "translationTrad": "最正直的好像彎曲，最精巧的好像笨拙，最善辯的好像言語遲鈍。", "noteIds": [ "c005", "c006", "c007", "c012", "c013", "c014", "c018", "c019", "c020", "c027", "c028", "c029", "c030", "c031", "c032", "c036", "c041", "c042", "c043", "c046", "c047", "c049", "c051", "c054", "c056", "c057" ], "noteCount": 26, "charNoteIds": [ "n007", "n008", "n009", "n010" ], "key": "laozi-45:s003", "n": 3 }, { "id": "s004", "paragraph": 1, "text": "躁勝寒，靜勝熱。", "textSimp": "躁胜寒，静胜热。", "translation": "躁动可以胜过寒冷，安静可以胜过炎热。", "translationTrad": "躁動可以勝過寒冷，安靜可以勝過炎熱。", "noteIds": [ "c008", "c015", "c021", "c033", "c037", "c044", "c046", "c047", "c050", "c052", "c054", "c056", "c057" ], "noteCount": 13, "charNoteIds": [ "n011", "n012" ], "key": "laozi-45:s004", "n": 4 }, { "id": "s005", "paragraph": 1, "text": "清靜為天下正。", "textSimp": "清静为天下正。", "translation": "清静无为，才能成为天下的君长与表率。", "translationTrad": "清靜無為，才能成為天下的君長與表率。", "noteIds": [ "c009", "c015", "c022", "c034", "c038", "c045", "c046", "c047", "c050", "c053", "c054", "c056", "c057" ], "noteCount": 13, "charNoteIds": [ "n013", "n014" ], "key": "laozi-45:s005", "n": 5 } ], "commentaries": [ { "id": "c001", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "大成若缺", "kind": "note", "text": "謂道德大成之君，若缺者，滅名藏譽，如毀缺不備也。", "authorNote": "河上公此章注據《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引，參校四部叢刊本；河上公題「洪德第四十五」。", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "textSimp": "谓道德大成之君，若缺者，灭名藏誉，如毁缺不备也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）（河上公此章注據《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引，參校四部叢刊本；河上公題「洪德第四十五」。）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "河上公此章注据《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引，参校四部丛刊本；河上公题「洪德第四十五」。", "lemmaSimp": "大成若缺" }, { "id": "c002", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "其用不弊", "kind": "note", "text": "其用心如是，則無弊盡時也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "textSimp": "其用心如是，则无弊尽时也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "lemmaSimp": "其用不弊" }, { "id": "c003", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "大盈若冲", "kind": "note", "text": "謂道德大盈滿之君也。如冲者，貴不敢驕也，富不敢奢也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "textSimp": "谓道德大盈满之君也。如冲者，贵不敢骄也，富不敢奢也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "lemmaSimp": "大盈若冲" }, { "id": "c004", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "其用不窮", "kind": "note", "text": "其用心如是，則無窮盡時也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "textSimp": "其用心如是，则无穷尽时也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "lemmaSimp": "其用不穷" }, { "id": "c005", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "大直若屈", "kind": "note", "text": "大直謂修道法度正直如一也。如屈者，不與俗人爭，如可屈折。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "textSimp": "大直谓修道法度正直如一也。如屈者，不与俗人争，如可屈折。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "lemmaSimp": "大直若屈" }, { "id": "c006", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "大巧若拙", "kind": "note", "text": "大巧謂多才術也。如拙者，亦不敢見其能。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "textSimp": "大巧谓多才术也。如拙者，亦不敢见其能。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "lemmaSimp": "大巧若拙" }, { "id": "c007", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "大辯若訥", "kind": "note", "text": "大辯者智無疑，如訥者無口辭。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "textSimp": "大辩者智无疑，如讷者无口辞。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "lemmaSimp": "大辩若讷" }, { "id": "c008", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "躁勝寒，靜勝熱", "kind": "note", "text": "勝，極也。春夏陽氣躁疾於上，萬物盛大，極則寒，寒則零落死亡也，言人不當剛躁也。秋冬萬物靜於黃泉之下，極則熱，熱者生之源也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "textSimp": "胜，极也。春夏阳气躁疾于上，万物盛大，极则寒，寒则零落死亡也，言人不当刚躁也。秋冬万物静于黄泉之下，极则热，热者生之源也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "lemmaSimp": "躁胜寒，静胜热" }, { "id": "c009", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "清靜為天下正", "kind": "note", "text": "能清靜則為天下長，持正則無終已時也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "textSimp": "能清静则为天下长，持正则无终已时也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "lemmaSimp": "清静为天下正" }, { "id": "c010", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "大成若缺，其用不弊", "kind": "note", "text": "隨物而成，不為一象，故若缺也。", "authorNote": "王弼此章注據《道藏》本；底本「隨物而與」訛作「隨物而興」，今改；王弼本正文作「不弊」「冲」「清靜」。", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "随物而成，不为一象，故若缺也。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）（王弼此章注據《道藏》本；底本「隨物而與」訛作「隨物而興」，今改；王弼本正文作「不弊」「冲」「清靜」。）", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》（《道藏》本）", "authorNoteSimp": "王弼此章注据《道藏》本；底本「随物而与」讹作「随物而兴」，今改；王弼本正文作「不弊」「冲」「清静」。", "lemmaSimp": "大成若缺，其用不弊" }, { "id": "c011", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "大盈若冲，其用不窮", "kind": "note", "text": "大盈充足，隨物而與，無所愛矜，故若冲也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "大盈充足，随物而与，无所爱矜，故若冲也。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "大盈若冲，其用不穷" }, { "id": "c012", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "大直若屈", "kind": "note", "text": "隨物而直，直不在一，故若屈也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "随物而直，直不在一，故若屈也。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "大直若屈" }, { "id": "c013", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "大巧若拙", "kind": "note", "text": "大巧因自然以成器，不造為異端，故若拙也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "大巧因自然以成器，不造为异端，故若拙也。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "大巧若拙" }, { "id": "c014", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "大辯若訥", "kind": "note", "text": "大辯因物而言，己無所造，故若訥也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "大辩因物而言，己无所造，故若讷也。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "大辩若讷" }, { "id": "c015", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "躁勝寒，靜勝熱，清靜為天下正", "kind": "note", "text": "躁罷然後勝寒，靜無為以勝熱，以此推之，則清靜為天下正也。靜則全物之真，躁則犯物之性，故唯清靜乃得如上諸大也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "躁罢然后胜寒，静无为以胜热，以此推之，则清静为天下正也。静则全物之真，躁则犯物之性，故唯清静乃得如上诸大也。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "躁胜寒，静胜热，清静为天下正" }, { "id": "c016", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "大成若缺", "kind": "note", "text": "言行業大成就之人，能忘其成，故雖大成，如似缺少不足也。只為忘其成，故終日作用而得無弊損。是以莊子云：小成隱道也。夫成者不缺，缺者不成；而今成而似缺者，忘缺忘成故也。不見成異缺，故如缺而實成；不見缺異成，故大成而似缺也。", "authorNote": "成玄英此章義疏據《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引；《玄德纂疏》章題作「大成若缺章第四十五」。引文有節略。", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "textSimp": "言行业大成就之人，能忘其成，故虽大成，如似缺少不足也。只为忘其成，故终日作用而得无弊损。是以庄子云：小成隐道也。夫成者不缺，缺者不成；而今成而似缺者，忘缺忘成故也。不见成异缺，故如缺而实成；不见缺异成，故大成而似缺也。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）（成玄英此章義疏據《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引；《玄德纂疏》章題作「大成若缺章第四十五」。引文有節略。）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "成玄英此章义疏据《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引；《玄德纂疏》章题作「大成若缺章第四十五」。引文有节略。", "lemmaSimp": "大成若缺" }, { "id": "c017", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "大盈若冲", "kind": "note", "text": "沖，虚也；窮，盡也。言道德大盈滿足之人，能忘其滿，故雖滿如似空虚無物也。只為忘滿沖虚，故能利用無竭也。夫滿者不虚，虚者不滿；今滿而虚者，欲明忘滿忘虚，故能即虚即滿，滿而若虚也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "textSimp": "冲，虚也；穷，尽也。言道德大盈满足之人，能忘其满，故虽满如似空虚无物也。只为忘满冲虚，故能利用无竭也。夫满者不虚，虚者不满；今满而虚者，欲明忘满忘虚，故能即虚即满，满而若虚也。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "lemmaSimp": "大盈若冲" }, { "id": "c018", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "大直若屈", "kind": "note", "text": "屈，曲也。大直質素之人，不顯直相，故能混迹同塵，委曲隨物，故若屈也。是知直躬，小直也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "textSimp": "屈，曲也。大直质素之人，不显直相，故能混迹同尘，委曲随物，故若屈也。是知直躬，小直也。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "lemmaSimp": "大直若屈" }, { "id": "c019", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "大巧若拙", "kind": "note", "text": "匠成萬物，爐錘群生，有大功巧而忘巧用，晦迹同凡，故若拙。莊子云：刻雕眾形而不為巧。是知工倕，小巧也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "textSimp": "匠成万物，炉锤群生，有大功巧而忘巧用，晦迹同凡，故若拙。庄子云：刻雕众形而不为巧。是知工倕，小巧也。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "lemmaSimp": "大巧若拙" }, { "id": "c020", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "大辯若訥", "kind": "note", "text": "妙能剖析真宗，詮量玄極者，所言不能言也；不同世間口才捷利，故若蹇訥也。莊子云：不言之辯。亦云：大辯不言。是知楊墨，小辯也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "textSimp": "妙能剖析真宗，诠量玄极者，所言不能言也；不同世间口才捷利，故若蹇讷也。庄子云：不言之辩。亦云：大辩不言。是知杨墨，小辩也。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "lemmaSimp": "大辩若讷" }, { "id": "c021", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "躁勝寒，靜勝熱", "kind": "note", "text": "躁，陽也；靜，陰也；勝，極也。言四時運轉，陰極陽生，陽極陰起；陰起故一切凋落，陽生故庶物咸盛。喻靜是長生之本，躁是死滅之元，以勸學之人去躁歸靜也。又解云：從本降迹，即躁勝寒；息迹歸本，即靜勝熱。以明動寂適時也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "textSimp": "躁，阳也；静，阴也；胜，极也。言四时运转，阴极阳生，阳极阴起；阴起故一切凋落，阳生故庶物咸盛。喻静是长生之本，躁是死灭之元，以劝学之人去躁归静也。又解云：从本降迹，即躁胜寒；息迹归本，即静胜热。以明动寂适时也。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "lemmaSimp": "躁胜寒，静胜热" }, { "id": "c022", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "清靜為天下正", "kind": "note", "text": "清虚寧靜，可以自利利他，以正治邪，故為天下正。此則結釋靜勝躁劣之義也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "textSimp": "清虚宁静，可以自利利他，以正治邪，故为天下正。此则结释静胜躁劣之义也。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "lemmaSimp": "清静为天下正" }, { "id": "c023", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "大成若缺", "kind": "note", "text": "學行大成，常如玷缺；謙則受益，故其材用無弊時。", "authorNote": "此為御注。唐玄宗御注御疏此章據《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "学行大成，常如玷缺；谦则受益，故其材用无弊时。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引御注御疏）（此為御注。唐玄宗御注御疏此章據《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注。唐玄宗御注御疏此章据《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引。", "lemmaSimp": "大成若缺" }, { "id": "c024", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "大成若缺", "kind": "note", "text": "凡曰學人功行大成，眾德圓備，常自虚忘，有如玷缺，如是則用不窮也。道德大成之君亦復如是：等天地生育之功，齊日月照臨之德，所成理大，故曰大成；然不恃其成，有如玷缺。以斯為用，用則無窮也。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "凡曰学人功行大成，众德圆备，常自虚忘，有如玷缺，如是则用不穷也。道德大成之君亦复如是：等天地生育之功，齐日月照临之德，所成理大，故曰大成；然不恃其成，有如玷缺。以斯为用，用则无穷也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "大成若缺" }, { "id": "c025", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "大盈若冲", "kind": "note", "text": "禄位盈滿，常若沖虚；儉不傷財，故所用不窮。", "authorNote": "此為御注。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "禄位盈满，常若冲虚；俭不伤财，故所用不穷。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引御注御疏）（此為御注。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注。", "lemmaSimp": "大盈若冲" }, { "id": "c026", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "大盈若冲", "kind": "note", "text": "沖，虚也；窮，匱也。此明聖人禄位充盈，恭儉自牧，不為盈滿，故若沖虚。所謂有若無、實若虚，故其運用而無窮匱也。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "冲，虚也；穷，匮也。此明圣人禄位充盈，恭俭自牧，不为盈满，故若冲虚。所谓有若无、实若虚，故其运用而无穷匮也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "大盈若冲" }, { "id": "c027", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "大直若屈", "kind": "note", "text": "直而不肆，故若屈也。", "authorNote": "此為御注。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "直而不肆，故若屈也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引御注御疏）（此為御注。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注。", "lemmaSimp": "大直若屈" }, { "id": "c028", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "大直若屈", "kind": "note", "text": "直，正也；屈，曲也。前四句兼明體用，此下三句但出其體，不書其用，略文以見義，類可知也。夫潔己而垢人，舉直而措枉，小直也；不執是以辨非，不正己而矯物，大直也。曲隨物宜，故云若屈也。注云「直而不肆」，下章經文也。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "直，正也；屈，曲也。前四句兼明体用，此下三句但出其体，不书其用，略文以见义，类可知也。夫洁己而垢人，举直而措枉，小直也；不执是以辨非，不正己而矫物，大直也。曲随物宜，故云若屈也。注云「直而不肆」，下章经文也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "大直若屈" }, { "id": "c029", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "大巧若拙", "kind": "note", "text": "巧者傷於分外，故若拙也。", "authorNote": "此為御注。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "巧者伤于分外，故若拙也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引御注御疏）（此為御注。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注。", "lemmaSimp": "大巧若拙" }, { "id": "c030", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "大巧若拙", "kind": "note", "text": "矜粉繪之工，騁鈎繩之妙，小巧也；因材致用，任物成功，不失其宜，大巧也。無所裁割，不見其工，似若樸拙爾。莊子稱造化刻雕眾形而不為巧。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "矜粉绘之工，骋钩绳之妙，小巧也；因材致用，任物成功，不失其宜，大巧也。无所裁割，不见其工，似若朴拙尔。庄子称造化刻雕众形而不为巧。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "大巧若拙" }, { "id": "c031", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "大辯若訥", "kind": "note", "text": "不飾小說，故若訥也。", "authorNote": "此為御注。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "不饰小说，故若讷也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引御注御疏）（此為御注。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注。", "lemmaSimp": "大辩若讷" }, { "id": "c032", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "大辯若訥", "kind": "note", "text": "合譬飾辭，結繩竄句，小辯也；行不言之教，辯雕萬物，窮理盡性，大辯也。至言去言，無所抑揚，如謇訥爾。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "合譬饰辞，结绳窜句，小辩也；行不言之教，辩雕万物，穷理尽性，大辩也。至言去言，无所抑扬，如謇讷尔。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "大辩若讷" }, { "id": "c033", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "躁勝寒，靜勝熱", "kind": "note", "text": "此舉喻以示教也。以執成者必敗，持滿者必傾，故聖人功濟天下，見大成其如缺，所以無弊；位尊萬乘，視盛位其若沖，所以不窮也。恐人不曉，故寄陽氣動靜以喻之。躁，動也；勝，極也。言春夏陽氣發於地上，萬物因之以生；陽氣動極則寒，寒則萬物由之以衰死。以明躁為死本，盛為衰源，喻功成不缺者必敗，持盈不沖者必傾，有為剛躁者必死。靜勝熱者，謂秋冬陽氣靜於黄泉之下，靜極則熱，熱和氣發生也，萬物因之以生，生託靜而起，故知靜為生本，亦為躁君。取喻大成大滿由能缺能沖，所以無弊無窮而致生爾。夫能無為清淨者，則趣生之本。此勸人當務靜以祈生，不當輕躁而赴死。", "authorNote": "此為御疏；《玄德纂疏》所引御注此句文有訛脫，不錄。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "此举喻以示教也。以执成者必败，持满者必倾，故圣人功济天下，见大成其如缺，所以无弊；位尊万乘，视盛位其若冲，所以不穷也。恐人不晓，故寄阳气动静以喻之。躁，动也；胜，极也。言春夏阳气发于地上，万物因之以生；阳气动极则寒，寒则万物由之以衰死。以明躁为死本，盛为衰源，喻功成不缺者必败，持盈不冲者必倾，有为刚躁者必死。静胜热者，谓秋冬阳气静于黄泉之下，静极则热，热和气发生也，万物因之以生，生托静而起，故知静为生本，亦为躁君。取喻大成大满由能缺能冲，所以无弊无穷而致生尔。夫能无为清净者，则趣生之本。此劝人当务静以祈生，不当轻躁而赴死。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引御注御疏）（此為御疏；《玄德纂疏》所引御注此句文有訛脫，不錄。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏；《玄德纂疏》所引御注此句文有讹脱，不录。", "lemmaSimp": "躁胜寒，静胜热" }, { "id": "c034", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "清靜為天下正", "kind": "note", "text": "此結明前義也。夫聖人有以觀陽氣之進退，知躁為趣死之源，靜為發生之本；理人事，育群生，持本以統末，以務清靜之道，則可為天下之正爾。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "此结明前义也。夫圣人有以观阳气之进退，知躁为趣死之源，静为发生之本；理人事，育群生，持本以统末，以务清静之道，则可为天下之正尔。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "清静为天下正" }, { "id": "c035", "block": 0, "source": "yanzun", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "大成若缺……其用不窮", "kind": "note", "text": "是以聖人柄和履正，治之無形，遊於虚廓，以鏡太清，遺魂忘魄，休精息神，無為而然，玄默而信，窅然蕩蕩，昭曠獨存，髣髴輓逮，其事素真，其用不弊，莫之見聞（所謂大成若缺，其用不弊也）。夫何故哉？微妙周密，清靜以真，未有形聲，變化其元……是以盈而若沖，實而若虚，不顯仁義，不見表儀，不建法式，不事有為……其用不窮，流而不衰（大盈若沖，其用不窮）。", "authorNote": "嚴遵此章指歸據《道藏》本；嚴遵本無章題，此章自為一篇；正文作「能靜能清，為天下正」。引文有節略。", "citation": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "是以圣人柄和履正，治之无形，游于虚廓，以镜太清，遗魂忘魄，休精息神，无为而然，玄默而信，窅然荡荡，昭旷独存，髣髴挽逮，其事素真，其用不弊，莫之见闻（所谓大成若缺，其用不弊也）。夫何故哉？微妙周密，清静以真，未有形声，变化其元……是以盈而若冲，实而若虚，不显仁义，不见表仪，不建法式，不事有为……其用不穷，流而不衰（大盈若冲，其用不穷）。", "citationFull": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《道藏》本）（嚴遵此章指歸據《道藏》本；嚴遵本無章題，此章自為一篇；正文作「能靜能清，為天下正」。引文有節略。）", "citationSimp": "严遵《道德真经指归》（《道藏》本）", "authorNoteSimp": "严遵此章指归据《道藏》本；严遵本无章题，此章自为一篇；正文作「能静能清，为天下正」。引文有节略。", "lemmaSimp": "大成若缺……其用不穷" }, { "id": "c036", "block": 0, "source": "yanzun", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "大直若屈，大巧若拙，大辯若訥", "kind": "note", "text": "不耕自有食，不織自有衣，暑則靜於倮，寒則躁於裘，無有忌諱，與麋鹿居，被髮含哺，相隨而遊，主有餘德，民有餘財，化襲萬物，無所不為……夫何故哉？直而若屈，正而若枉（大直者若屈也）。世主為聲，天下為響；世主為形，人物為影，故不郊祀而天心和，不降席而正四海，故曰大巧若拙。天道自卑，無律曆而陰陽和，無正朔而四時節，無法度而天下賓，無賞罰而名實得……無度數而萬物自均（大辯若訥者也）。", "authorNote": "引文有節略。", "citation": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "不耕自有食，不织自有衣，暑则静于倮，寒则躁于裘，无有忌讳，与麋鹿居，被发含哺，相随而游，主有余德，民有余财，化袭万物，无所不为……夫何故哉？直而若屈，正而若枉（大直者若屈也）。世主为声，天下为响；世主为形，人物为影，故不郊祀而天心和，不降席而正四海，故曰大巧若拙。天道自卑，无律历而阴阳和，无正朔而四时节，无法度而天下宾，无赏罚而名实得……无度数而万物自均（大辩若讷者也）。", "citationFull": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《道藏》本）（引文有節略。）", "citationSimp": "严遵《道德真经指归》（《道藏》本）", "authorNoteSimp": "引文有节略。", "lemmaSimp": "大直若屈，大巧若拙，大辩若讷" }, { "id": "c037", "block": 0, "source": "yanzun", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "躁勝寒，靜勝熱", "kind": "note", "text": "天地之道，一進一退而萬物成遂，變化不可閉塞，屈伸不可障蔽。故陰之至也，地裂而冰凝，清風飂冽，霜雪嚴嚴，魚鱉蟄伏，萬物宛拳。當此之時，處温室，臨鑪火，重狐狢，襲毳綿，猶不能禦也；及至定神安精，動體勞形，則是理泄汙流，捐衣出室，暖有餘身矣（躁勝寒者也）。陽之至也，煎砂爛石，飛鳥絶，水蟲疾，萬物枯槁，江河消竭。當此之時，入沉清泉，出衣絺綌，燕高臺，服寒石，猶不能任也；及至解心釋意，託神清靜，形捐四海之外，遊志無有之内，心平氣和，凉有餘矣（靜勝熱者也）。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "天地之道，一进一退而万物成遂，变化不可闭塞，屈伸不可障蔽。故阴之至也，地裂而冰凝，清风飂冽，霜雪严严，鱼鳖蛰伏，万物宛拳。当此之时，处温室，临𬬻火，重狐狢，袭毳绵，犹不能御也；及至定神安精，动体劳形，则是理泄污流，捐衣出室，暖有余身矣（躁胜寒者也）。阳之至也，煎砂烂石，飞鸟绝，水虫疾，万物枯槁，江河消竭。当此之时，入沉清泉，出衣𫄨绤，燕高台，服寒石，犹不能任也；及至解心释意，托神清静，形捐四海之外，游志无有之内，心平气和，凉有余矣（静胜热者也）。", "citationFull": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "严遵《道德真经指归》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "躁胜寒，静胜热" }, { "id": "c038", "block": 0, "source": "yanzun", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "清靜為天下正", "kind": "note", "text": "夫知故之為術也，治人事，育群形，德延天地，功配陰陽；及其生亂也，發於無形，起於無聲，與政卷舒，與化推移……其除禍亂，猶躁之勝寒而靜之勝暑也。是以聖人去知去慮，虚心專氣，清靜因應，則天之心，順地之意，政舉化流，如日之光，禍亂消滅，若雲之除，天下象之，無所不為，萬物師之，無所不事（所謂能清能靜天下自正者也）。", "authorNote": "引文有節略。", "citation": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "夫知故之为术也，治人事，育群形，德延天地，功配阴阳；及其生乱也，发于无形，起于无声，与政卷舒，与化推移……其除祸乱，犹躁之胜寒而静之胜暑也。是以圣人去知去虑，虚心专气，清静因应，则天之心，顺地之意，政举化流，如日之光，祸乱消灭，若云之除，天下象之，无所不为，万物师之，无所不事（所谓能清能静天下自正者也）。", "citationFull": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《道藏》本）（引文有節略。）", "citationSimp": "严遵《道德真经指归》（《道藏》本）", "authorNoteSimp": "引文有节略。", "lemmaSimp": "清静为天下正" }, { "id": "c039", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "大成若缺", "kind": "note", "text": "道圓德備，名曰大成，猶如不足，故云若缺。然大壑酌之而不竭，明鏡應之而忘疲，不弊也。", "authorNote": "李榮此章注據《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引。", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "textSimp": "道圆德备，名曰大成，犹如不足，故云若缺。然大壑酌之而不竭，明镜应之而忘疲，不弊也。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）（李榮此章注據《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引。）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "李荣此章注据《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引。", "lemmaSimp": "大成若缺" }, { "id": "c040", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "大盈若冲", "kind": "note", "text": "四達有是而俱照，六通無幽而不燭，斯大滿也。不以照為照，不以盈為盈，若沖也。用不以心，故無極也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "textSimp": "四达有是而俱照，六通无幽而不烛，斯大满也。不以照为照，不以盈为盈，若冲也。用不以心，故无极也。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "lemmaSimp": "大盈若冲" }, { "id": "c041", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "大直若屈", "kind": "note", "text": "冥同正道，大直也；以欲從人，若屈也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "textSimp": "冥同正道，大直也；以欲从人，若屈也。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "lemmaSimp": "大直若屈" }, { "id": "c042", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "大巧若拙", "kind": "note", "text": "匠成萬物，大巧也；似不能為，若拙也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "textSimp": "匠成万物，大巧也；似不能为，若拙也。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "lemmaSimp": "大巧若拙" }, { "id": "c043", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "大辯若訥", "kind": "note", "text": "談天暢理，大辯也；言即無言，如訥之也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "textSimp": "谈天畅理，大辩也；言即无言，如讷之也。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "lemmaSimp": "大辩若讷" }, { "id": "c044", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "躁勝寒，靜勝熱", "kind": "note", "text": "陰陽二氣，遞相為用：陽氣躁而熱，陰氣靜而寒。陽氣盛則熱勝而寒劣，陰氣盛則靜勝而躁劣。此則氣序遷移，互為勝劣。夫大成若缺、大滿若沖，則盛無盛也；其用不弊、其用不窮，則衰無衰也。不盛不衰，不寒不熱，遺成而不敗，忘勝而無劣也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "textSimp": "阴阳二气，递相为用：阳气躁而热，阴气静而寒。阳气盛则热胜而寒劣，阴气盛则静胜而躁劣。此则气序迁移，互为胜劣。夫大成若缺、大满若冲，则盛无盛也；其用不弊、其用不穷，则衰无衰也。不盛不衰，不寒不热，遗成而不败，忘胜而无劣也。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "lemmaSimp": "躁胜寒，静胜热" }, { "id": "c045", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "清靜為天下正", "kind": "note", "text": "為陰陽之所寒熱者，未清也；為生死之所流動者，不靜也。明聖人生死無變於己，寒熱不累於身，清靜也。有輪轉處生死，皆為耻也；無輪轉，絶生死，為天下正。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "textSimp": "为阴阳之所寒热者，未清也；为生死之所流动者，不静也。明圣人生死无变于己，寒热不累于身，清静也。有轮转处生死，皆为耻也；无轮转，绝生死，为天下正。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）", "lemmaSimp": "清静为天下正" }, { "id": "c046", "block": 0, "source": "luxisheng", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "大成若缺……清靜為天下正", "kind": "note", "text": "夫聖人道濟天下，而猶慮一物不得其所，則成眾務而不弊矣；德充四海，而不敢介然自矜於懷，則應萬機而不窮矣。行至易之道而不徑庭，因自成之器而不雕鎸，陳至當之理而不文飾。夫如此，則物遂其性，人盡其能，天下之事不勞而自定矣。究其所以然者，皆自然而勝耳：猶躁作者勝祁寒，靜正者勝祁暑，非有心於寒暑，而寒暑不能侵之。故我無為而民自化，我好靜而民自正；天下之動貞夫一，故清靜可以為天下正也。", "authorNote": "陸希聲此章傳據《道藏》本；此傳整章通釋。", "citation": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "夫圣人道济天下，而犹虑一物不得其所，则成众务而不弊矣；德充四海，而不敢介然自矜于怀，则应万机而不穷矣。行至易之道而不径庭，因自成之器而不雕镌，陈至当之理而不文饰。夫如此，则物遂其性，人尽其能，天下之事不劳而自定矣。究其所以然者，皆自然而胜耳：犹躁作者胜祁寒，静正者胜祁暑，非有心于寒暑，而寒暑不能侵之。故我无为而民自化，我好静而民自正；天下之动贞夫一，故清静可以为天下正也。", "citationFull": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本）（陸希聲此章傳據《道藏》本；此傳整章通釋。）", "citationSimp": "陆希声《道德经传》（《道藏》本）", "authorNoteSimp": "陆希声此章传据《道藏》本；此传整章通释。", "lemmaSimp": "大成若缺……清静为天下正" }, { "id": "c047", "block": 0, "source": "lvhuiqing", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "大成若缺……清靜為天下正", "kind": "note", "text": "萬物始乎是，終乎是，是大成也；然始无所始，終无所止，故若缺。唯其若缺，故其用日新而不敝。萬物酌焉而不竭，是盈也；然益之而不加益，故若沖。唯其若沖，故其用日給而不窮。大直者，曲之而全，枉之而直者也，故若屈；大巧者，刻彫眾形而不為巧者也，故若拙；大辯者，不言而辯者也，故若訥。如是無它，凡以有本故也。本者何也？今夫寒熱者，天地之所為，有形之所不免也，而一躁焉則可以勝寒，一靜焉則可以勝熱；以一時之躁靜，猶可以勝天地之所行，況夫體无為之清靜以為天下正，則安往而不勝者乎？故以言其成則若缺而不敝，以言其盈則若沖而不窮，其直若屈而伸，其巧若拙而工，其辯若訥而諭，此之謂有本。", "authorNote": "呂惠卿此章傳據《道藏》本；此傳整章通釋；底本正文作「不敝」「沖」。", "citation": "呂惠卿《道德真經傳》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "万物始乎是，终乎是，是大成也；然始无所始，终无所止，故若缺。唯其若缺，故其用日新而不敝。万物酌焉而不竭，是盈也；然益之而不加益，故若冲。唯其若冲，故其用日给而不穷。大直者，曲之而全，枉之而直者也，故若屈；大巧者，刻雕众形而不为巧者也，故若拙；大辩者，不言而辩者也，故若讷。如是无它，凡以有本故也。本者何也？今夫寒热者，天地之所为，有形之所不免也，而一躁焉则可以胜寒，一静焉则可以胜热；以一时之躁静，犹可以胜天地之所行，况夫体无为之清静以为天下正，则安往而不胜者乎？故以言其成则若缺而不敝，以言其盈则若冲而不穷，其直若屈而伸，其巧若拙而工，其辩若讷而谕，此之谓有本。", "citationFull": "呂惠卿《道德真經傳》（《道藏》本）（呂惠卿此章傳據《道藏》本；此傳整章通釋；底本正文作「不敝」「沖」。）", "citationSimp": "吕惠卿《道德真经传》（《道藏》本）", "authorNoteSimp": "吕惠卿此章传据《道藏》本；此传整章通释；底本正文作「不敝」「冲」。", "lemmaSimp": "大成若缺……清静为天下正" }, { "id": "c048", "block": 0, "source": "suzhe", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "大成若缺……其用不窮", "kind": "note", "text": "天下以不缺為成，故成必有弊；以不虚為盈，故盈必有窮。聖人要於大成而不卹其缺，期於大盈而不惡其沖，是以成而不弊、盈而不窮也。", "authorNote": "蘇轍此章解據《道藏》本；底本正文作「大盈若沖」「清淨為天下正」。", "citation": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "天下以不缺为成，故成必有弊；以不虚为盈，故盈必有穷。圣人要于大成而不恤其缺，期于大盈而不恶其冲，是以成而不弊、盈而不穷也。", "citationFull": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本）（蘇轍此章解據《道藏》本；底本正文作「大盈若沖」「清淨為天下正」。）", "citationSimp": "苏辙《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "authorNoteSimp": "苏辙此章解据《道藏》本；底本正文作「大盈若冲」「清净为天下正」。", "lemmaSimp": "大成若缺……其用不穷" }, { "id": "c049", "block": 0, "source": "suzhe", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "大直若屈，大巧若拙，大辯若訥", "kind": "note", "text": "直而不屈，其直必折；循理而行，雖曲而直。巧而不拙，其巧必勞；付物自然，雖拙而巧。辯而不訥，其辯必窮；因理而言，雖訥而辯。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "直而不屈，其直必折；循理而行，虽曲而直。巧而不拙，其巧必劳；付物自然，虽拙而巧。辩而不讷，其辩必穷；因理而言，虽讷而辩。", "citationFull": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "苏辙《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "大直若屈，大巧若拙，大辩若讷" }, { "id": "c050", "block": 0, "source": "suzhe", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "躁勝寒……清靜為天下正", "kind": "note", "text": "成而不缺，盈而不沖，直而不屈，巧而不拙，辯而不訥，譬如躁之不能靜、靜之不能躁耳。夫躁能勝寒而不能勝熱，靜能勝熱而不能勝寒，皆滯於一偏而非其正也。唯泊然清淨，不染於一，非成非缺，非盈非沖，非直非屈，非巧非拙，非辯非訥，而後無所不勝，可以為天下正矣。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "成而不缺，盈而不冲，直而不屈，巧而不拙，辩而不讷，譬如躁之不能静、静之不能躁耳。夫躁能胜寒而不能胜热，静能胜热而不能胜寒，皆滞于一偏而非其正也。唯泊然清净，不染于一，非成非缺，非盈非冲，非直非屈，非巧非拙，非辩非讷，而后无所不胜，可以为天下正矣。", "citationFull": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "苏辙《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "躁胜寒……清静为天下正" }, { "id": "c051", "block": 0, "source": "wucheng", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "大成若缺……大辯若訥", "kind": "note", "text": "以成為成、盈為盈、直為直、巧為巧、辯為辯，小矣。若缺則非成，若沖則非盈，若屈則非直，若拙則非巧，若訥則非辯，迺為成盈直巧辯之大者也。老子一書皆是此意，大抵相反而相為用，前章屢見，不待詳釋。", "authorNote": "吳澄此章注據《道藏》本；吳澄以此章自為其第三十七章；底本正文作「不敝」「冲」「清靜為天下正」。", "citation": "吳澄《道德真經注》", "textSimp": "以成为成、盈为盈、直为直、巧为巧、辩为辩，小矣。若缺则非成，若冲则非盈，若屈则非直，若拙则非巧，若讷则非辩，迺为成盈直巧辩之大者也。老子一书皆是此意，大抵相反而相为用，前章屡见，不待详释。", "citationFull": "吳澄《道德真經注》（吳澄此章注據《道藏》本；吳澄以此章自為其第三十七章；底本正文作「不敝」「冲」「清靜為天下正」。）", "citationSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》", "authorNoteSimp": "吴澄此章注据《道藏》本；吴澄以此章自为其第三十七章；底本正文作「不敝」「冲」「清静为天下正」。", "lemmaSimp": "大成若缺……大辩若讷" }, { "id": "c052", "block": 0, "source": "wucheng", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "躁勝寒，靜勝熱", "kind": "note", "text": "陽之躁勝陰之寒，陰之靜勝陽之熱，亦相反而相為用也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "吳澄《道德真經注》", "textSimp": "阳之躁胜阴之寒，阴之静胜阳之热，亦相反而相为用也。", "citationFull": "吳澄《道德真經注》", "citationSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》", "lemmaSimp": "躁胜寒，静胜热" }, { "id": "c053", "block": 0, "source": "wucheng", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "清靜為天下正", "kind": "note", "text": "清靜，無為也。心者無一塵之滓，寂然不動也。正猶正長之正，猶言為天下君也。夫為天下之君者亦多事矣，然弊弊焉有為者，豈能為之哉？惟清靜無為者，無為而無不為，故能為天下正，所謂相反而相為用也。或謂勝熱之靜與勝寒之躁為對，各偏於一，惟清靜之靜無與為對，靜中有動，動靜一致而無所偏，故能為天下正；其論雖高，蓋非本旨。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "吳澄《道德真經注》", "textSimp": "清静，无为也。心者无一尘之滓，寂然不动也。正犹正长之正，犹言为天下君也。夫为天下之君者亦多事矣，然弊弊焉有为者，岂能为之哉？惟清静无为者，无为而无不为，故能为天下正，所谓相反而相为用也。或谓胜热之静与胜寒之躁为对，各偏于一，惟清静之静无与为对，静中有动，动静一致而无所偏，故能为天下正；其论虽高，盖非本旨。", "citationFull": "吳澄《道德真經注》", "citationSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》", "lemmaSimp": "清静为天下正" }, { "id": "c054", "block": 0, "source": "hanshan", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "大成若缺……清靜為天下正", "kind": "note", "text": "此言聖人法天制用，與道為一，故能勝物而物不能勝，以申明前章不言之教、無為之益也。大成若缺，其用不敝者：若天地生物，曲成萬物而不遺，可謂成之大矣；然必春生而夏方長之，秋殺而冬方成之，以此觀之，似若有所缺。苟不如此，若一徑生長而無秋冬之肅殺，不但物不能成，而造物者亦將用之而敝矣。由其若缺，故所成者大，而其用不敝也。大盈若沖，其用不窮者：若陽和之氣，充塞天地，無處不至，無物不足，可謂盈矣；其體沖虚而不可見，若塊然可見，亦將用之有盡矣。由其若沖，故既已與人己愈有、既已為人己愈多，故其用不窮也。大直若屈者：若一氣浩然，至大至剛，可謂直矣；然潛伏隱微，委曲周匝，細入無間，故若屈；由若屈，故能伸其生意也。大巧若拙者：若天之生物，刻雕眾形而不見其巧，故云若拙；若恃其巧者，巧於此而拙於彼，則巧非大矣。大辯若訥者：上云若缺，則天地無全功，故人猶有所憾；然天何言哉，四時行焉，百物生焉，是則生物之功不辯而自白矣，故曰若訥。是以天地不言而萬物成，聖人不言而教化行；以聖人法天制用，故以不言之教、無為之化，似乎不勝，而物卒莫能勝之也。且躁能勝寒而不能勝熱，靜能勝熱而不能勝寒，斯皆有所勝則有所不勝；是故聖人貴乎清淨為天下正，此其不言之教、無為之益，天下希及之矣。", "authorNote": "憨山此章解據公開轉錄本；此解整章通釋；底本正文作「不敝」「沖」「清淨為天下正」。", "citation": "釋德清《道德經解》", "textSimp": "此言圣人法天制用，与道为一，故能胜物而物不能胜，以申明前章不言之教、无为之益也。大成若缺，其用不敝者：若天地生物，曲成万物而不遗，可谓成之大矣；然必春生而夏方长之，秋杀而冬方成之，以此观之，似若有所缺。苟不如此，若一径生长而无秋冬之肃杀，不但物不能成，而造物者亦将用之而敝矣。由其若缺，故所成者大，而其用不敝也。大盈若冲，其用不穷者：若阳和之气，充塞天地，无处不至，无物不足，可谓盈矣；其体冲虚而不可见，若块然可见，亦将用之有尽矣。由其若冲，故既已与人己愈有、既已为人己愈多，故其用不穷也。大直若屈者：若一气浩然，至大至刚，可谓直矣；然潜伏隐微，委曲周匝，细入无间，故若屈；由若屈，故能伸其生意也。大巧若拙者：若天之生物，刻雕众形而不见其巧，故云若拙；若恃其巧者，巧于此而拙于彼，则巧非大矣。大辩若讷者：上云若缺，则天地无全功，故人犹有所憾；然天何言哉，四时行焉，百物生焉，是则生物之功不辩而自白矣，故曰若讷。是以天地不言而万物成，圣人不言而教化行；以圣人法天制用，故以不言之教、无为之化，似乎不胜，而物卒莫能胜之也。且躁能胜寒而不能胜热，静能胜热而不能胜寒，斯皆有所胜则有所不胜；是故圣人贵乎清净为天下正，此其不言之教、无为之益，天下希及之矣。", "citationFull": "釋德清《道德經解》（憨山此章解據公開轉錄本；此解整章通釋；底本正文作「不敝」「沖」「清淨為天下正」。）", "citationSimp": "释德清《道德经解》", "authorNoteSimp": "憨山此章解据公开转录本；此解整章通释；底本正文作「不敝」「冲」「清净为天下正」。", "lemmaSimp": "大成若缺……清静为天下正" }, { "id": "c055", "block": 0, "source": "weiyuan", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "其用不弊", "kind": "note", "text": "「不敝」，河上公、王弼作「蔽」。", "authorNote": "魏源此章校記據《老子本義》下篇；魏源以此章為其第三十八章。", "citation": "魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "「不敝」，河上公、王弼作「蔽」。", "citationFull": "魏源《老子本義》（魏源此章校記據《老子本義》下篇；魏源以此章為其第三十八章。）", "citationSimp": "魏源《老子本义》", "authorNoteSimp": "魏源此章校记据《老子本义》下篇；魏源以此章为其第三十八章。", "lemmaSimp": "其用不弊" }, { "id": "c056", "block": 0, "source": "weiyuan", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "大盈若冲……清靜為天下正", "kind": "note", "text": "傅奕本「盈」作「滿」，「沖」作「盅」，「屈」作「詘」，「靜」作「靖」，末句「清靜」上有「知」字、下有「以」字。", "authorNote": "魏源此章校記，附於章末。", "citation": "魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "傅奕本「盈」作「满」，「冲」作「盅」，「屈」作「诎」，「静」作「靖」，末句「清静」上有「知」字、下有「以」字。", "citationFull": "魏源《老子本義》（魏源此章校記，附於章末。）", "citationSimp": "魏源《老子本义》", "authorNoteSimp": "魏源此章校记，附于章末。", "lemmaSimp": "大盈若冲……清静为天下正" }, { "id": "c057", "block": 0, "source": "wangfuzhi", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "大成若缺……清靜為天下正", "kind": "note", "text": "陰陽交而人事煩，人事煩而功名著。故喜於有為者，其物之盈而往附之；已盈而往附焉，必損於己，遂思以勝之。我見其寒而趨火，熱而飲冰，徒自困也。彼豈樂有此患哉？始亦以附彼者之易於求盈，而不知其至此也。而早嗇於己，不驚於物，則陰陽方長，而不附之以為功名。始於不依，終於不競，天下正矣，而我若未有功。故貌見不足，而實享其有餘。誠享矣，而又奚恤於貌之不足？", "authorNote": "王夫之此章衍文據公開轉錄本；底本正文作「寒勝躁」，並夾引葉夢得語，今不錄。", "citation": "王夫之《老子衍》", "textSimp": "阴阳交而人事烦，人事烦而功名著。故喜于有为者，其物之盈而往附之；已盈而往附焉，必损于己，遂思以胜之。我见其寒而趋火，热而饮冰，徒自困也。彼岂乐有此患哉？始亦以附彼者之易于求盈，而不知其至此也。而早啬于己，不惊于物，则阴阳方长，而不附之以为功名。始于不依，终于不竞，天下正矣，而我若未有功。故貌见不足，而实享其有余。诚享矣，而又奚恤于貌之不足？", "citationFull": "王夫之《老子衍》（王夫之此章衍文據公開轉錄本；底本正文作「寒勝躁」，並夾引葉夢得語，今不錄。）", "citationSimp": "王夫之《老子衍》", "authorNoteSimp": "王夫之此章衍文据公开转录本；底本正文作「寒胜躁」，并夹引叶梦得语，今不录。", "lemmaSimp": "大成若缺……清静为天下正" } ], "charNotes": [ { "id": "n001", "sentenceId": "s001", "start": 0, "end": 2, "char": "大成", "charSimp": "大成", "startSimp": 0, "endSimp": 2, "pinyin": "dà chéng", "gloss": "最完滿的成就。", "glossSimp": "最完满的成就。", "general": "河上公謂道德大成之君滅名藏譽，王弼謂隨物而成、不為一象，呂惠卿謂萬物始乎是、終乎是為大成。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓道德大成之君灭名藏誉，王弼谓随物而成、不为一象，吕惠卿谓万物始乎是、终乎是为大成。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "heshanggong", "wangbi", "lvhuiqing" ], "refsSimp": [ "heshanggong", "wangbi", "lvhuiqing" ] }, { "id": "n002", "sentenceId": "s001", "start": 2, "end": 4, "char": "若缺", "charSimp": "若缺", "startSimp": 2, "endSimp": 4, "pinyin": "ruò quē", "gloss": "好像有所欠缺。", "glossSimp": "好像有所欠缺。", "general": "河上公謂如毀缺不備，成玄英謂能忘其成故如似缺少，唐玄宗謂常如玷缺、謙則受益。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓如毁缺不备，成玄英谓能忘其成故如似缺少，唐玄宗谓常如玷缺、谦则受益。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "heshanggong", "chengxuanying", "tangxuanzong" ], "refsSimp": [ "heshanggong", "chengxuanying", "tangxuanzong" ] }, { "id": "n003", "sentenceId": "s001", "start": 7, "end": 9, "char": "不弊", "charSimp": "不弊", "startSimp": 7, "endSimp": 9, "pinyin": "bù bì", "gloss": "不衰敗、不窮盡。弊，敗也。", "glossSimp": "不衰败、不穷尽。弊，败也。", "general": "王弼謂不為一象故若缺，成玄英謂終日作用而無弊損，吳澄謂若缺則非成乃為成之大者。", "generalSimp": "王弼谓不为一象故若缺，成玄英谓终日作用而无弊损，吴澄谓若缺则非成乃为成之大者。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "wangbi", "chengxuanying", "wucheng" ], "refsSimp": [ "wangbi", "chengxuanying", "wucheng" ] }, { "id": "n004", "sentenceId": "s002", "start": 0, "end": 2, "char": "大盈", "charSimp": "大盈", "startSimp": 0, "endSimp": 2, "pinyin": "dà yíng", "gloss": "最充實的盈滿。", "glossSimp": "最充实的盈满。", "general": "河上公謂道德大盈滿之君，李榮謂四達俱照、六通無幽為大滿，呂惠卿謂萬物酌焉而不竭為盈。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓道德大盈满之君，李荣谓四达俱照、六通无幽为大满，吕惠卿谓万物酌焉而不竭为盈。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "heshanggong", "lirong", "lvhuiqing" ], "refsSimp": [ "heshanggong", "lirong", "lvhuiqing" ] }, { "id": "n005", "sentenceId": "s002", "start": 2, "end": 4, "char": "若冲", "charSimp": "若冲", "startSimp": 2, "endSimp": 4, "pinyin": "ruò chōng", "gloss": "好像空虛。冲，虛也。", "glossSimp": "好像空虚。冲，虚也。", "general": "河上公謂貴不敢驕、富不敢奢，唐玄宗謂禄位盈滿常若沖虚，蘇轍謂期於大盈而不惡其沖。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓贵不敢骄、富不敢奢，唐玄宗谓禄位盈满常若冲虚，苏辙谓期于大盈而不恶其冲。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "heshanggong", "tangxuanzong", "suzhe" ], "refsSimp": [ "heshanggong", "tangxuanzong", "suzhe" ] }, { "id": "n006", "sentenceId": "s002", "start": 7, "end": 9, "char": "不窮", "charSimp": "不穷", "startSimp": 7, "endSimp": 9, "pinyin": "bù qióng", "gloss": "無窮盡。", "glossSimp": "无穷尽。", "general": "王弼謂無所愛矜故若冲，成玄英謂忘滿沖虚故利用無竭，李榮謂用不以心故無極。", "generalSimp": "王弼谓无所爱矜故若冲，成玄英谓忘满冲虚故利用无竭，李荣谓用不以心故无极。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "wangbi", "chengxuanying", "lirong" ], "refsSimp": [ "wangbi", "chengxuanying", "lirong" ] }, { "id": "n007", "sentenceId": "s003", "start": 0, "end": 2, "char": "大直", "charSimp": "大直", "startSimp": 0, "endSimp": 2, "pinyin": "dà zhí", "gloss": "最正直。", "glossSimp": "最正直。", "general": "河上公謂修道法度正直如一，王弼謂隨物而直、直不在一，成玄英謂質素之人不顯直相。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓修道法度正直如一，王弼谓随物而直、直不在一，成玄英谓质素之人不显直相。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "heshanggong", "wangbi", "chengxuanying" ], "refsSimp": [ "heshanggong", "wangbi", "chengxuanying" ] }, { "id": "n008", "sentenceId": "s003", "start": 5, "end": 7, "char": "大巧", "charSimp": "大巧", "startSimp": 5, "endSimp": 7, "pinyin": "dà qiǎo", "gloss": "最精巧。", "glossSimp": "最精巧。", "general": "河上公謂多才術而不敢見其能，成玄英謂忘巧用而晦迹同凡，呂惠卿謂刻彫眾形而不為巧。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓多才术而不敢见其能，成玄英谓忘巧用而晦迹同凡，吕惠卿谓刻雕众形而不为巧。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "heshanggong", "chengxuanying", "lvhuiqing" ], "refsSimp": [ "heshanggong", "chengxuanying", "lvhuiqing" ] }, { "id": "n009", "sentenceId": "s003", "start": 10, "end": 12, "char": "大辯", "charSimp": "大辩", "startSimp": 10, "endSimp": 12, "pinyin": "dà biàn", "gloss": "最善辯。", "glossSimp": "最善辩。", "general": "河上公謂智無疑而口無辭，王弼謂因物而言、己無所造，成玄英謂所言不能言、不同世間口才捷利。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓智无疑而口无辞，王弼谓因物而言、己无所造，成玄英谓所言不能言、不同世间口才捷利。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "heshanggong", "wangbi", "chengxuanying" ], "refsSimp": [ "heshanggong", "wangbi", "chengxuanying" ] }, { "id": "n010", "sentenceId": "s003", "start": 12, "end": 14, "char": "若訥", "charSimp": "若讷", "startSimp": 12, "endSimp": 14, "pinyin": "ruò nè", "gloss": "好像言語遲鈍。訥，言語遲鈍。", "glossSimp": "好像言语迟钝。讷，言语迟钝。", "general": "唐玄宗謂至言去言、無所抑揚，蘇轍謂因理而言雖訥而辯，吳澄謂若訥則非辯乃為辯之大者。", "generalSimp": "唐玄宗谓至言去言、无所抑扬，苏辙谓因理而言虽讷而辩，吴澄谓若讷则非辩乃为辩之大者。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "tangxuanzong", "suzhe", "wucheng" ], "refsSimp": [ "tangxuanzong", "suzhe", "wucheng" ] }, { "id": "n011", "sentenceId": "s004", "start": 0, "end": 1, "char": "躁", "charSimp": "躁", "startSimp": 0, "endSimp": 1, "pinyin": "zào", "gloss": "躁動、急躁。", "glossSimp": "躁动、急躁。", "general": "河上公謂春夏陽氣躁疾於上，王弼謂躁則犯物之性，成玄英謂躁是死滅之元。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓春夏阳气躁疾于上，王弼谓躁则犯物之性，成玄英谓躁是死灭之元。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "heshanggong", "wangbi", "chengxuanying" ], "refsSimp": [ "heshanggong", "wangbi", "chengxuanying" ] }, { "id": "n012", "sentenceId": "s004", "start": 1, "end": 2, "char": "勝", "charSimp": "胜", "startSimp": 1, "endSimp": 2, "pinyin": "shèng", "gloss": "勝過、克制；一說「勝，極也」。", "glossSimp": "胜过、克制；一说「胜，极也」。", "general": "河上公以勝為極，成玄英亦以勝為極，李榮以陰陽二氣互為勝劣。", "generalSimp": "河上公以胜为极，成玄英亦以胜为极，李荣以阴阳二气互为胜劣。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "heshanggong", "chengxuanying", "lirong" ], "refsSimp": [ "heshanggong", "chengxuanying", "lirong" ] }, { "id": "n013", "sentenceId": "s005", "start": 0, "end": 2, "char": "清靜", "charSimp": "清静", "startSimp": 0, "endSimp": 2, "pinyin": "qīng jìng", "gloss": "清虛寧靜，指無為。", "glossSimp": "清虚宁静，指无为。", "general": "王弼謂靜則全物之真，吳澄謂清靜無為、寂然不動，蘇轍謂泊然清淨、不染於一。", "generalSimp": "王弼谓静则全物之真，吴澄谓清静无为、寂然不动，苏辙谓泊然清净、不染于一。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "wangbi", "wucheng", "suzhe" ], "refsSimp": [ "wangbi", "wucheng", "suzhe" ] }, { "id": "n014", "sentenceId": "s005", "start": 3, "end": 6, "char": "天下正", "charSimp": "天下正", "startSimp": 3, "endSimp": 6, "pinyin": "tiān xià zhèng", "gloss": "天下的君長、表率。正，正長之正。", "glossSimp": "天下的君长、表率。正，正长之正。", "general": "河上公謂能清靜則為天下長，吳澄謂正猶正長之正、猶言為天下君，李榮謂絶生死為天下正。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓能清静则为天下长，吴澄谓正犹正长之正、犹言为天下君，李荣谓绝生死为天下正。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "heshanggong", "wucheng", "lirong" ], "refsSimp": [ "heshanggong", "wucheng", "lirong" ] } ], "glossary": { "大成": "最完滿的成就。河上公謂道德大成之君滅名藏譽。", "若缺": "好像有所欠缺。河上公謂如毀缺不備。", "不弊": "不衰敗、不窮盡。弊，敗也。", "大盈": "最充實的盈滿。", "若冲": "好像空虛。冲，虛也。", "不窮": "無窮盡。", "大直": "最正直。", "大巧": "最精巧。", "大辯": "最善辯。", "若訥": "好像言語遲鈍。訥，言語遲鈍。", "躁": "躁動、急躁。", "勝": "勝過、克制；河上公、成玄英以「勝」為「極」。", "清靜": "清虛寧靜，指無為。", "天下正": "天下的君長、表率。正，正長之正。", "洪德": "河上公本章章題。", "大成若缺章": "《玄德纂疏》、呂惠卿、蘇轍本章章題。", "玷缺": "玉上的斑點、缺陷；唐玄宗御注謂學行大成常如玷缺。", "沖虚": "空虛。沖，虛也。", "屈": "彎曲。", "訥": "言語遲鈍。" }, "collations": [ { "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "章次與章題", "text": "王弼本無章題。河上公題「洪德第四十五」；《玄德纂疏》卷十二、呂惠卿、蘇轍題「大成若缺章第四十五」；吳澄以此章自為其第三十七章；魏源以此章為其第三十八章；嚴遵本無章題，此章自為一篇。本站從王弼本分章。", "source": "河上公《老子道德經章句》、王弼《老子道德經注》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、魏源《老子本義》、嚴遵《道德真經指歸》", "textSimp": "王弼本无章题。河上公题「洪德第四十五」；《玄德纂疏》卷十二、吕惠卿、苏辙题「大成若缺章第四十五」；吴澄以此章自为其第三十七章；魏源以此章为其第三十八章；严遵本无章题，此章自为一篇。本站从王弼本分章。", "headwordSimp": "章次与章题", "sourceSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》、王弼《老子道德经注》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、魏源《老子本义》、严遵《道德真经指归》", "id": "k001" }, { "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "其用不弊", "text": "王弼、河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮、陸希聲、嚴遵、蘇轍、王夫之作「不弊」；呂惠卿、吳澄、憨山作「不敝」；魏源校記云河上、王弼作「蔽」，與所見王弼本不同。本站從王弼本作「不弊」。", "source": "王弼《老子道德經注》、河上公《老子道德經章句》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、嚴遵《道德真經指歸》、蘇轍《老子解》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》、王夫之《老子衍》", "textSimp": "王弼、河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李荣、陆希声、严遵、苏辙、王夫之作「不弊」；吕惠卿、吴澄、憨山作「不敝」；魏源校记云河上、王弼作「蔽」，与所见王弼本不同。本站从王弼本作「不弊」。", "headwordSimp": "其用不弊", "sourceSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》、河上公《老子道德经章句》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、李荣《道德真经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、严遵《道德真经指归》、苏辙《老子解》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》、王夫之《老子衍》", "id": "k002" }, { "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "大盈若冲", "text": "王弼、河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮、陸希聲、嚴遵作「若冲」或「若沖」，字異義同；呂惠卿、蘇轍作「若沖」；魏源從王弼本作「若冲」，校記云傅奕本「盈」作「滿」、「沖」作「盅」。本站從王弼本作「若冲」。", "source": "王弼《老子道德經注》、河上公《老子道德經章句》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、嚴遵《道德真經指歸》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "王弼、河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李荣、陆希声、严遵作「若冲」或「若冲」，字异义同；吕惠卿、苏辙作「若冲」；魏源从王弼本作「若冲」，校记云傅奕本「盈」作「满」、「冲」作「盅」。本站从王弼本作「若冲」。", "headwordSimp": "大盈若冲", "sourceSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》、河上公《老子道德经章句》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、李荣《道德真经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、严遵《道德真经指归》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、魏源《老子本义》", "id": "k003" }, { "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "大直若屈", "text": "諸本並作「大直若屈」；傅奕本「屈」作「詘」，據魏源校記。本站從王弼本。", "source": "王弼《老子道德經注》、魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "诸本并作「大直若屈」；傅奕本「屈」作「诎」，据魏源校记。本站从王弼本。", "headwordSimp": "大直若屈", "sourceSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》、魏源《老子本义》", "id": "k004" }, { "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "躁勝寒，靜勝熱", "text": "王弼、河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮、陸希聲、嚴遵、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山、魏源作「躁勝寒，靜勝熱」；王夫之作「寒勝躁，靜勝熱」；傅奕本「靜」作「靖」，據魏源校記。本站從王弼本。", "source": "王弼《老子道德經注》、河上公《老子道德經章句》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、嚴遵《道德真經指歸》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》、王夫之《老子衍》", "textSimp": "王弼、河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李荣、陆希声、严遵、苏辙、吴澄、憨山、魏源作「躁胜寒，静胜热」；王夫之作「寒胜躁，静胜热」；傅奕本「静」作「靖」，据魏源校记。本站从王弼本。", "headwordSimp": "躁胜寒，静胜热", "sourceSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》、河上公《老子道德经章句》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、李荣《道德真经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、严遵《道德真经指归》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》、王夫之《老子衍》", "id": "k005" }, { "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "清靜為天下正", "text": "王弼、河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮、陸希聲、呂惠卿、吳澄作「清靜為天下正」；蘇轍、憨山作「清淨為天下正」；嚴遵作「能靜能清，為天下正」；傅奕本末句「清靜」上有「知」字、下有「以」字，據魏源校記。本站從王弼本。", "source": "王弼《老子道德經注》、河上公《老子道德經章句》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、吳澄《道德真經注》、蘇轍《老子解》、釋德清《道德經解》、嚴遵《道德真經指歸》、魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "王弼、河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李荣、陆希声、吕惠卿、吴澄作「清静为天下正」；苏辙、憨山作「清净为天下正」；严遵作「能静能清，为天下正」；傅奕本末句「清静」上有「知」字、下有「以」字，据魏源校记。本站从王弼本。", "headwordSimp": "清静为天下正", "sourceSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》、河上公《老子道德经章句》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、李荣《道德真经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、吴澄《道德真经注》、苏辙《老子解》、释德清《道德经解》、严遵《道德真经指归》、魏源《老子本义》", "id": "k006" }, { "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "出處與注數", "text": "河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗御注御疏、李榮此章據《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引；王弼、嚴遵、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄據《道藏》本；憨山、魏源、王夫之據公開轉錄本。河上公九條、王弼六條、成玄英七條、唐玄宗御注御疏十二條、嚴遵四條、李榮七條、蘇轍三條、吳澄三條、魏源二條；陸希聲、呂惠卿、憨山、王夫之各一條。俞樾《諸子平議》此章未列。", "source": "河上公《老子道德經章句》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、李榮《道德真經注》（以上據《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）、王弼《老子道德經注》、嚴遵《道德真經指歸》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》、王夫之《老子衍》、俞樾《諸子平議·老子平議》", "textSimp": "河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗御注御疏、李荣此章据《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引；王弼、严遵、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄据《道藏》本；憨山、魏源、王夫之据公开转录本。河上公九条、王弼六条、成玄英七条、唐玄宗御注御疏十二条、严遵四条、李荣七条、苏辙三条、吴澄三条、魏源二条；陆希声、吕惠卿、憨山、王夫之各一条。俞樾《诸子平议》此章未列。", "headwordSimp": "出处与注数", "sourceSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、李荣《道德真经注》（以上据《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引）、王弼《老子道德经注》、严遵《道德真经指归》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》、王夫之《老子衍》、俞樾《诸子平议·老子平议》", "id": "k007" } ], "glossarySimp": { "大成": "最完满的成就。河上公谓道德大成之君灭名藏誉。", "若缺": "好像有所欠缺。河上公谓如毁缺不备。", "不弊": "不衰败、不穷尽。弊，败也。", "大盈": "最充实的盈满。", "若冲": "好像空虚。冲，虚也。", "不穷": "无穷尽。", "大直": "最正直。", "大巧": "最精巧。", "大辩": "最善辩。", "若讷": "好像言语迟钝。讷，言语迟钝。", "躁": "躁动、急躁。", "胜": "胜过、克制；河上公、成玄英以「胜」为「极」。", "清静": "清虚宁静，指无为。", "天下正": "天下的君长、表率。正，正长之正。", "洪德": "河上公本章章题。", "大成若缺章": "《玄德纂疏》、吕惠卿、苏辙本章章题。", "玷缺": "玉上的斑点、缺陷；唐玄宗御注谓学行大成常如玷缺。", "冲虚": "空虚。冲，虚也。", "屈": "弯曲。", "讷": "言语迟钝。" }, "lexicon": { "note": "由构建脚本从字词注与常用字表生成，供义位词典和开放数据集使用；occurrence 统计按繁体与简体正文分别匹配后合并。", "entries": [ { "order": 1, "id": "n001", "noteId": "n001", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "大成", "headwordSimp": "大成", "pinyin": "dà chéng", "gloss": "最完滿的成就。", "glossSimp": "最完满的成就。", "general": "河上公謂道德大成之君滅名藏譽，王弼謂隨物而成、不為一象，呂惠卿謂萬物始乎是、終乎是為大成。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓道德大成之君灭名藏誉，王弼谓随物而成、不为一象，吕惠卿谓万物始乎是、终乎是为大成。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "heshanggong", "wangbi", "lvhuiqing" ], "refsSimp": [ "heshanggong", "wangbi", "lvhuiqing" ], "forms": [ { "form": "大成", "formSimp": "大成", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 2, "id": "n002", "noteId": "n002", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "若缺", "headwordSimp": "若缺", "pinyin": "ruò quē", "gloss": "好像有所欠缺。", "glossSimp": "好像有所欠缺。", "general": "河上公謂如毀缺不備，成玄英謂能忘其成故如似缺少，唐玄宗謂常如玷缺、謙則受益。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓如毁缺不备，成玄英谓能忘其成故如似缺少，唐玄宗谓常如玷缺、谦则受益。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "heshanggong", "chengxuanying", "tangxuanzong" ], "refsSimp": [ "heshanggong", "chengxuanying", "tangxuanzong" ], "forms": [ { "form": "若缺", "formSimp": "若缺", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 3, "id": "n003", "noteId": "n003", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "不弊", "headwordSimp": "不弊", "pinyin": "bù bì", "gloss": "不衰敗、不窮盡。弊，敗也。", "glossSimp": "不衰败、不穷尽。弊，败也。", "general": "王弼謂不為一象故若缺，成玄英謂終日作用而無弊損，吳澄謂若缺則非成乃為成之大者。", "generalSimp": "王弼谓不为一象故若缺，成玄英谓终日作用而无弊损，吴澄谓若缺则非成乃为成之大者。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "wangbi", "chengxuanying", "wucheng" ], "refsSimp": [ "wangbi", "chengxuanying", "wucheng" ], "forms": [ { "form": "不弊", "formSimp": "不弊", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 4, "id": "n004", "noteId": "n004", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "大盈", "headwordSimp": "大盈", "pinyin": "dà yíng", "gloss": "最充實的盈滿。", "glossSimp": "最充实的盈满。", "general": "河上公謂道德大盈滿之君，李榮謂四達俱照、六通無幽為大滿，呂惠卿謂萬物酌焉而不竭為盈。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓道德大盈满之君，李荣谓四达俱照、六通无幽为大满，吕惠卿谓万物酌焉而不竭为盈。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "heshanggong", "lirong", "lvhuiqing" ], "refsSimp": [ "heshanggong", "lirong", "lvhuiqing" ], "forms": [ { "form": "大盈", "formSimp": "大盈", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 5, "id": "n005", "noteId": "n005", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "若冲", "headwordSimp": "若冲", "pinyin": "ruò chōng", "gloss": "好像空虛。冲，虛也。", "glossSimp": "好像空虚。冲，虚也。", "general": "河上公謂貴不敢驕、富不敢奢，唐玄宗謂禄位盈滿常若沖虚，蘇轍謂期於大盈而不惡其沖。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓贵不敢骄、富不敢奢，唐玄宗谓禄位盈满常若冲虚，苏辙谓期于大盈而不恶其冲。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "heshanggong", "tangxuanzong", "suzhe" ], "refsSimp": [ "heshanggong", "tangxuanzong", "suzhe" ], "forms": [ { "form": "若冲", "formSimp": "若冲", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 6, "id": "n006", "noteId": "n006", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "不窮", "headwordSimp": "不穷", "pinyin": "bù qióng", "gloss": "無窮盡。", "glossSimp": "无穷尽。", "general": "王弼謂無所愛矜故若冲，成玄英謂忘滿沖虚故利用無竭，李榮謂用不以心故無極。", "generalSimp": "王弼谓无所爱矜故若冲，成玄英谓忘满冲虚故利用无竭，李荣谓用不以心故无极。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "wangbi", "chengxuanying", "lirong" ], "refsSimp": [ "wangbi", "chengxuanying", "lirong" ], "forms": [ { "form": "不窮", "formSimp": "不穷", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 7, "id": "n007", "noteId": "n007", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "大直", "headwordSimp": "大直", "pinyin": "dà zhí", "gloss": "最正直。", "glossSimp": "最正直。", "general": "河上公謂修道法度正直如一，王弼謂隨物而直、直不在一，成玄英謂質素之人不顯直相。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓修道法度正直如一，王弼谓随物而直、直不在一，成玄英谓质素之人不显直相。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "heshanggong", "wangbi", "chengxuanying" ], "refsSimp": [ "heshanggong", "wangbi", "chengxuanying" ], "forms": [ { "form": "大直", "formSimp": "大直", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 8, "id": "n008", "noteId": "n008", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "大巧", "headwordSimp": "大巧", "pinyin": "dà qiǎo", "gloss": "最精巧。", "glossSimp": "最精巧。", "general": "河上公謂多才術而不敢見其能，成玄英謂忘巧用而晦迹同凡，呂惠卿謂刻彫眾形而不為巧。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓多才术而不敢见其能，成玄英谓忘巧用而晦迹同凡，吕惠卿谓刻雕众形而不为巧。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "heshanggong", "chengxuanying", "lvhuiqing" ], "refsSimp": [ "heshanggong", "chengxuanying", "lvhuiqing" ], "forms": [ { "form": "大巧", "formSimp": "大巧", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 9, "id": "n009", "noteId": "n009", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "大辯", "headwordSimp": "大辩", "pinyin": "dà biàn", "gloss": "最善辯。", "glossSimp": "最善辩。", "general": "河上公謂智無疑而口無辭，王弼謂因物而言、己無所造，成玄英謂所言不能言、不同世間口才捷利。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓智无疑而口无辞，王弼谓因物而言、己无所造，成玄英谓所言不能言、不同世间口才捷利。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "heshanggong", "wangbi", "chengxuanying" ], "refsSimp": [ "heshanggong", "wangbi", "chengxuanying" ], "forms": [ { "form": "大辯", "formSimp": "大辩", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 10, "id": "n010", "noteId": "n010", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "若訥", "headwordSimp": "若讷", "pinyin": "ruò nè", "gloss": "好像言語遲鈍。訥，言語遲鈍。", "glossSimp": "好像言语迟钝。讷，言语迟钝。", "general": "唐玄宗謂至言去言、無所抑揚，蘇轍謂因理而言雖訥而辯，吳澄謂若訥則非辯乃為辯之大者。", "generalSimp": "唐玄宗谓至言去言、无所抑扬，苏辙谓因理而言虽讷而辩，吴澄谓若讷则非辩乃为辩之大者。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "tangxuanzong", "suzhe", "wucheng" ], "refsSimp": [ "tangxuanzong", "suzhe", "wucheng" ], "forms": [ { "form": "若訥", "formSimp": "若讷", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 11, "id": "n011", "noteId": "n011", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "躁", "headwordSimp": "躁", "pinyin": "zào", "gloss": "躁動、急躁。", "glossSimp": "躁动、急躁。", "general": "河上公謂春夏陽氣躁疾於上，王弼謂躁則犯物之性，成玄英謂躁是死滅之元。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓春夏阳气躁疾于上，王弼谓躁则犯物之性，成玄英谓躁是死灭之元。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "heshanggong", "wangbi", "chengxuanying" ], "refsSimp": [ "heshanggong", "wangbi", "chengxuanying" ], "forms": [ { "form": "躁", "formSimp": "躁", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 12, "id": "n012", "noteId": "n012", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "勝", "headwordSimp": "胜", "pinyin": "shèng", "gloss": "勝過、克制；一說「勝，極也」。", "glossSimp": "胜过、克制；一说「胜，极也」。", "general": "河上公以勝為極，成玄英亦以勝為極，李榮以陰陽二氣互為勝劣。", "generalSimp": "河上公以胜为极，成玄英亦以胜为极，李荣以阴阳二气互为胜劣。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "heshanggong", "chengxuanying", "lirong" ], "refsSimp": [ "heshanggong", "chengxuanying", "lirong" ], "forms": [ { "form": "勝", "formSimp": "胜", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 13, "id": "n013", "noteId": "n013", "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "清靜", "headwordSimp": "清静", "pinyin": "qīng jìng", "gloss": "清虛寧靜，指無為。", "glossSimp": "清虚宁静，指无为。", "general": "王弼謂靜則全物之真，吳澄謂清靜無為、寂然不動，蘇轍謂泊然清淨、不染於一。", "generalSimp": "王弼谓静则全物之真，吴澄谓清静无为、寂然不动，苏辙谓泊然清净、不染于一。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "wangbi", "wucheng", "suzhe" ], "refsSimp": [ "wangbi", "wucheng", "suzhe" ], "forms": [ { "form": "清靜", "formSimp": "清静", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s005" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s005" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 14, "id": "n014", "noteId": "n014", "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "天下正", "headwordSimp": "天下正", "pinyin": "tiān xià zhèng", "gloss": "天下的君長、表率。正，正長之正。", "glossSimp": "天下的君长、表率。正，正长之正。", "general": "河上公謂能清靜則為天下長，吳澄謂正猶正長之正、猶言為天下君，李榮謂絶生死為天下正。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓能清静则为天下长，吴澄谓正犹正长之正、犹言为天下君，李荣谓绝生死为天下正。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "heshanggong", "wucheng", "lirong" ], "refsSimp": [ "heshanggong", "wucheng", "lirong" ], "forms": [ { "form": "天下正", "formSimp": "天下正", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s005" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s005" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 } ], "glossaryEntries": [ { "order": 15, "id": "g001", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "大成", "headwordSimp": "大成", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "最完滿的成就。河上公謂道德大成之君滅名藏譽。", "glossSimp": "最完满的成就。河上公谓道德大成之君灭名藏誉。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "大成", "formSimp": "大成", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 16, "id": "g002", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "若缺", "headwordSimp": "若缺", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "好像有所欠缺。河上公謂如毀缺不備。", "glossSimp": "好像有所欠缺。河上公谓如毁缺不备。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "若缺", "formSimp": "若缺", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 17, "id": "g003", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "不弊", "headwordSimp": "不弊", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "不衰敗、不窮盡。弊，敗也。", "glossSimp": "不衰败、不穷尽。弊，败也。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "不弊", "formSimp": "不弊", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 18, "id": "g004", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "大盈", "headwordSimp": "大盈", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "最充實的盈滿。", "glossSimp": "最充实的盈满。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "大盈", "formSimp": "大盈", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 19, "id": "g005", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "若冲", "headwordSimp": "若冲", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "好像空虛。冲，虛也。", "glossSimp": "好像空虚。冲，虚也。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "若冲", "formSimp": "若冲", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 20, "id": "g006", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "不窮", "headwordSimp": "不穷", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "無窮盡。", "glossSimp": "无穷尽。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "不窮", "formSimp": "不穷", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 21, "id": "g007", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "大直", "headwordSimp": "大直", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "最正直。", "glossSimp": "最正直。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "大直", "formSimp": "大直", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 22, "id": "g008", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "大巧", "headwordSimp": "大巧", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "最精巧。", "glossSimp": "最精巧。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "大巧", "formSimp": "大巧", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 23, "id": "g009", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "大辯", "headwordSimp": "大辩", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "最善辯。", "glossSimp": "最善辩。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "大辯", "formSimp": "大辩", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 24, "id": "g010", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "若訥", "headwordSimp": "若讷", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "好像言語遲鈍。訥，言語遲鈍。", "glossSimp": "好像言语迟钝。讷，言语迟钝。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "若訥", "formSimp": "若讷", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 25, "id": "g011", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "躁", "headwordSimp": "躁", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "躁動、急躁。", "glossSimp": "躁动、急躁。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "躁", "formSimp": "躁", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 26, "id": "g012", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "勝", "headwordSimp": "胜", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "勝過、克制；河上公、成玄英以「勝」為「極」。", "glossSimp": "胜过、克制；河上公、成玄英以「胜」为「极」。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "勝", "formSimp": "胜", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 27, "id": "g013", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "清靜", "headwordSimp": "清静", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "清虛寧靜，指無為。", "glossSimp": "清虚宁静，指无为。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "清靜", "formSimp": "清静", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s005" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s005" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 28, "id": "g014", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "天下正", "headwordSimp": "天下正", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "天下的君長、表率。正，正長之正。", "glossSimp": "天下的君长、表率。正，正长之正。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "天下正", "formSimp": "天下正", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s005" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s005" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 29, "id": "g015", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "洪德", "headwordSimp": "洪德", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "河上公本章章題。", "glossSimp": "河上公本章章题。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "洪德", "formSimp": "洪德", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 30, "id": "g016", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "大成若缺章", "headwordSimp": "大成若缺章", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "《玄德纂疏》、呂惠卿、蘇轍本章章題。", "glossSimp": "《玄德纂疏》、吕惠卿、苏辙本章章题。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "大成若缺章", "formSimp": "大成若缺章", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 31, "id": "g017", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "玷缺", "headwordSimp": "玷缺", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "玉上的斑點、缺陷；唐玄宗御注謂學行大成常如玷缺。", "glossSimp": "玉上的斑点、缺陷；唐玄宗御注谓学行大成常如玷缺。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "玷缺", "formSimp": "玷缺", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 32, "id": "g018", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "沖虚", "headwordSimp": "冲虚", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "空虛。沖，虛也。", "glossSimp": "空虚。冲，虚也。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "沖虚", "formSimp": "冲虚", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 33, "id": "g019", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "屈", "headwordSimp": "屈", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "彎曲。", "glossSimp": "弯曲。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "屈", "formSimp": "屈", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 34, "id": "g020", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "訥", "headwordSimp": "讷", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "言語遲鈍。", "glossSimp": "言语迟钝。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "訥", "formSimp": "讷", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 } ] }, "relations": { "version": "1.0.0", "note": "第四十五章五句的十三家對照，為德經第八章。河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗御注御疏、李榮據《玄德纂疏》卷十二所引；王弼、嚴遵、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄據《道藏》本；憨山、魏源、王夫之據公開轉錄本；俞樾《諸子平議》此章未列。河上公、王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、嚴遵、李榮、蘇轍、吳澄逐句或分段分疏；陸希聲、呂惠卿、憨山各以整章一段通釋；魏源以校記、王夫之以整章衍文，本站按文義分條。大成若缺有滅名藏譽、隨物而成不為一象、忘其成、常如玷缺、治之無形、道圓德備、成眾務而不弊、始无所始、相反而相為用諸解；大盈若冲有貴不驕富不奢、隨物而與、忘其滿、禄位盈滿常若沖虚、盈而若沖、四達俱照、德充四海、酌焉不竭諸解；大直大巧大辯有不與俗爭、直不在一、質素混迹、曲隨物宜、因自然成器、因物而言諸解；躁靜清靜有勝極之喻、全物之真、靜為生本、寄陽氣動靜、陰陽遞用、泊然清淨、相反而相為用諸解。章次則有吳澄以此章自為第三十七章、魏源以此章為第三十八章之異。大旨歸於大成若缺、大盈若冲、大直若屈、大巧若拙、大辯若訥，而終以清靜為天下正。", "concepts": [ { "id": "da-cheng-ruo-que", "name": "大成若缺，其用不弊", "nameTrad": "大成若缺，其用不弊", "question": "最完滿的成就，為什麼反而好像有所欠缺？諸家如何說明「若缺」與「不弊」的關係？", "questionTrad": "最完滿的成就，為什麼反而好像有所欠缺？諸家如何說明「若缺」與「不弊」的關係？", "intro": "河上公以道德大成之君滅名藏譽、如毀缺不備，其用心如是則無弊盡時。王弼以大成隨物而成、不為一象，故若缺。成玄英以行業大成之人能忘其成，故雖大成如似缺少；終日作用而無弊損，引莊子「小成隱道」為說。唐玄宗御注以學行大成常如玷缺、謙則受益，故其材用無弊時；御疏以功成不恃、有如玷缺，用則無窮。嚴遵以聖人治之無形、遺魂忘魄、休精息神，其用不弊而莫之見聞。李榮以道圓德備名為大成，大壑酌之不竭、明鏡應之忘疲，故不弊。陸希聲以聖人道濟天下而慮一物失所，故成眾務而不弊。呂惠卿以萬物始乎是、終乎是為大成，始无所始、終无所止故若缺，唯其若缺故其用日新而不敝。蘇轍以天下以不缺為成故成必有弊，聖人要於大成而不卹其缺，故成而不弊。吳澄以若缺則非成，乃為成之大者，老子一書大抵相反而相為用。憨山以天地生物曲成不遺而似有所缺，故所成者大而其用不敝。魏源校「不敝」一本作「蔽」。王夫之以早嗇於己、不驚於物，天下正而若未有功，故貌見不足而實享其有餘。諸家或就治身、或就功用、或就本末，大旨皆謂大成不居其成。", "introTrad": "河上公以道德大成之君滅名藏譽、如毀缺不備，其用心如是則無弊盡時。王弼以大成隨物而成、不為一象，故若缺。成玄英以行業大成之人能忘其成，故雖大成如似缺少；終日作用而無弊損，引莊子「小成隱道」為說。唐玄宗御注以學行大成常如玷缺、謙則受益，故其材用無弊時；御疏以功成不恃、有如玷缺，用則無窮。嚴遵以聖人治之無形、遺魂忘魄、休精息神，其用不弊而莫之見聞。李榮以道圓德備名為大成，大壑酌之不竭、明鏡應之忘疲，故不弊。陸希聲以聖人道濟天下而慮一物失所，故成眾務而不弊。呂惠卿以萬物始乎是、終乎是為大成，始无所始、終无所止故若缺，唯其若缺故其用日新而不敝。蘇轍以天下以不缺為成故成必有弊，聖人要於大成而不卹其缺，故成而不弊。吳澄以若缺則非成，乃為成之大者，老子一書大抵相反而相為用。憨山以天地生物曲成不遺而似有所缺，故所成者大而其用不敝。魏源校「不敝」一本作「蔽」。王夫之以早嗇於己、不驚於物，天下正而若未有功，故貌見不足而實享其有餘。諸家或就治身、或就功用、或就本末，大旨皆謂大成不居其成。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "道德大成之君滅名藏譽、如毀缺不備，故其用無弊盡時。", "thesisTrad": "道德大成之君滅名藏譽、如毀缺不備，故其用無弊盡時。", "noteIds": [ "c001", "c002" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "道德大成之君灭名藏誉、如毁缺不备，故其用无弊尽时。" }, "wangbi": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "大成隨物而成、不為一象，故若缺。", "thesisTrad": "大成隨物而成、不為一象，故若缺。", "noteIds": [ "c010" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "大成随物而成、不为一象，故若缺。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "行業大成之人能忘其成，故雖大成如似缺少；忘缺忘成，故無弊損。", "thesisTrad": "行業大成之人能忘其成，故雖大成如似缺少；忘缺忘成，故無弊損。", "noteIds": [ "c016" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "行业大成之人能忘其成，故虽大成如似缺少；忘缺忘成，故无弊损。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "學行大成常如玷缺，謙則受益，故其材用無弊時。", "thesisTrad": "學行大成常如玷缺，謙則受益，故其材用無弊時。", "noteIds": [ "c023", "c024" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "学行大成常如玷缺，谦则受益，故其材用无弊时。" }, "yanzun": { "workType": "指歸", "workTypeTrad": "指歸", "thesis": "聖人治之無形、休精息神，其用不弊而莫之見聞。", "thesisTrad": "聖人治之無形、休精息神，其用不弊而莫之見聞。", "noteIds": [ "c035" ], "workTypeSimp": "指归", "thesisSimp": "圣人治之无形、休精息神，其用不弊而莫之见闻。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "道圓德備名曰大成，大壑酌之不竭、明鏡應之忘疲，故不弊。", "thesisTrad": "道圓德備名曰大成，大壑酌之不竭、明鏡應之忘疲，故不弊。", "noteIds": [ "c039" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "道圆德备名曰大成，大壑酌之不竭、明镜应之忘疲，故不弊。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "道濟天下而慮一物失所，故成眾務而不弊。", "thesisTrad": "道濟天下而慮一物失所，故成眾務而不弊。", "noteIds": [ "c046" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "道济天下而虑一物失所，故成众务而不弊。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "萬物始乎是、終乎是為大成，始无所始故若缺，唯其若缺故用日新而不敝。", "thesisTrad": "萬物始乎是、終乎是為大成，始无所始故若缺，唯其若缺故用日新而不敝。", "noteIds": [ "c047" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "万物始乎是、终乎是为大成，始无所始故若缺，唯其若缺故用日新而不敝。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "天下以不缺為成故成必有弊；要於大成而不卹其缺，故成而不弊。", "thesisTrad": "天下以不缺為成故成必有弊；要於大成而不卹其缺，故成而不弊。", "noteIds": [ "c048" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "天下以不缺为成故成必有弊；要于大成而不恤其缺，故成而不弊。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "若缺則非成，乃為成之大者；相反而相為用。", "thesisTrad": "若缺則非成，乃為成之大者；相反而相為用。", "noteIds": [ "c051" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "若缺则非成，乃为成之大者；相反而相为用。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "天地生物曲成不遺而似有所缺，故所成者大而其用不敝。", "thesisTrad": "天地生物曲成不遺而似有所缺，故所成者大而其用不敝。", "noteIds": [ "c054" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "天地生物曲成不遗而似有所缺，故所成者大而其用不敝。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "校「不敝」，河上、王弼作「蔽」。", "thesisTrad": "校「不敝」，河上、王弼作「蔽」。", "noteIds": [ "c055" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "校「不敝」，河上、王弼作「蔽」。" }, "wangfuzhi": { "workType": "衍", "workTypeTrad": "衍", "thesis": "早嗇於己、不驚於物，天下正而若未有功，故貌不足而實有餘。", "thesisTrad": "早嗇於己、不驚於物，天下正而若未有功，故貌不足而實有餘。", "noteIds": [ "c057" ], "workTypeSimp": "衍", "thesisSimp": "早啬于己、不惊于物，天下正而若未有功，故貌不足而实有余。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c001", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公以滅名藏譽解「若缺」，先立君德不居其成之義。", "textTrad": "河上公以滅名藏譽解「若缺」，先立君德不居其成之義。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公以灭名藏誉解「若缺」，先立君德不居其成之义。" }, { "noteId": "c010", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "王弼以隨物而成、不為一象，將「缺」轉為不執一象。", "textTrad": "王弼以隨物而成、不為一象，將「缺」轉為不執一象。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "王弼以随物而成、不为一象，将「缺」转为不执一象。" }, { "noteId": "c016", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英以忘缺忘成雙遣，說明成而似缺的所以然。", "textTrad": "成玄英以忘缺忘成雙遣，說明成而似缺的所以然。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英以忘缺忘成双遣，说明成而似缺的所以然。" }, { "noteId": "c024", "relation": "御疏", "relationTrad": "御疏", "text": "唐玄宗以功成不恃、有如玷缺，將此義落到人君之用。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗以功成不恃、有如玷缺，將此義落到人君之用。", "relationSimp": "御疏", "textSimp": "唐玄宗以功成不恃、有如玷缺，将此义落到人君之用。" }, { "noteId": "c035", "relation": "指歸", "relationTrad": "指歸", "text": "嚴遵以治之無形、休精息神，把「若缺」歸於自然無為。", "textTrad": "嚴遵以治之無形、休精息神，把「若缺」歸於自然無為。", "relationSimp": "指归", "textSimp": "严遵以治之无形、休精息神，把「若缺」归于自然无为。" }, { "noteId": "c039", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮以大壑酌之不竭、明鏡應之忘疲，喻其用不弊。", "textTrad": "李榮以大壑酌之不竭、明鏡應之忘疲，喻其用不弊。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣以大壑酌之不竭、明镜应之忘疲，喻其用不弊。" }, { "noteId": "c047", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "呂惠卿以始无所始、終无所止，將大成提升為無本之本。", "textTrad": "呂惠卿以始无所始、終无所止，將大成提升為無本之本。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "吕惠卿以始无所始、终无所止，将大成提升为无本之本。" }, { "noteId": "c051", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄以相反而相為用總攝全章，指出若缺乃成之大者。", "textTrad": "吳澄以相反而相為用總攝全章，指出若缺乃成之大者。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄以相反而相为用总摄全章，指出若缺乃成之大者。" }, { "noteId": "c054", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "憨山以天地曲成萬物而似有缺，說明造物亦不居其功。", "textTrad": "憨山以天地曲成萬物而似有缺，說明造物亦不居其功。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "憨山以天地曲成万物而似有缺，说明造物亦不居其功。" }, { "noteId": "c057", "relation": "衍", "relationTrad": "衍", "text": "王夫之以早嗇不驚、不依不競作結，歸於貌不足而實有餘。", "textTrad": "王夫之以早嗇不驚、不依不競作結，歸於貌不足而實有餘。", "relationSimp": "衍", "textSimp": "王夫之以早啬不惊、不依不竞作结，归于貌不足而实有余。" } ], "nameSimp": "大成若缺，其用不弊", "questionSimp": "最完满的成就，为什么反而好像有所欠缺？诸家如何说明「若缺」与「不弊」的关系？", "introSimp": "河上公以道德大成之君灭名藏誉、如毁缺不备，其用心如是则无弊尽时。王弼以大成随物而成、不为一象，故若缺。成玄英以行业大成之人能忘其成，故虽大成如似缺少；终日作用而无弊损，引庄子「小成隐道」为说。唐玄宗御注以学行大成常如玷缺、谦则受益，故其材用无弊时；御疏以功成不恃、有如玷缺，用则无穷。严遵以圣人治之无形、遗魂忘魄、休精息神，其用不弊而莫之见闻。李荣以道圆德备名为大成，大壑酌之不竭、明镜应之忘疲，故不弊。陆希声以圣人道济天下而虑一物失所，故成众务而不弊。吕惠卿以万物始乎是、终乎是为大成，始无所始、终无所止故若缺，唯其若缺故其用日新而不敝。苏辙以天下以不缺为成故成必有弊，圣人要于大成而不恤其缺，故成而不弊。吴澄以若缺则非成，乃为成之大者，老子一书大抵相反而相为用。憨山以天地生物曲成不遗而似有所缺，故所成者大而其用不敝。魏源校「不敝」一本作「蔽」。王夫之以早啬于己、不惊于物，天下正而若未有功，故貌见不足而实享其有余。诸家或就治身、或就功用、或就本末，大旨皆谓大成不居其成。" }, { "id": "da-ying-ruo-chong", "name": "大盈若冲，其用不窮", "nameTrad": "大盈若冲，其用不窮", "question": "最充實的盈滿，為什麼要以空虛自處？「若冲」如何使其用不窮？", "questionTrad": "最充實的盈滿，為什麼要以空虛自處？「若冲」如何使其用不窮？", "intro": "河上公以道德大盈之君貴不敢驕、富不敢奢，其用心如是則無窮盡時。王弼以大盈充足、隨物而與、無所愛矜，故若冲。成玄英以道德大盈之人能忘其滿，故雖滿如似空虚；忘滿忘虚，故能即虚即滿。唐玄宗御注以禄位盈滿常若沖虚、儉不傷財，故所用不窮；御疏以有若無、實若虚，故其運用無窮匱。嚴遵以盈而若沖、實而若虚，不顯仁義、不建法式，故其用不窮、流而不衰。李榮以四達俱照、六通無幽為大滿，不以照為照、不以盈為盈，用不以心故無極。陸希聲以德充四海而不敢自矜，故應萬機而不窮。呂惠卿以萬物酌焉而不竭為盈，益之而不加益故若沖，唯其若沖故其用日給而不窮。蘇轍以天下以不虚為盈故盈必有窮，聖人期於大盈而不惡其沖，故盈而不窮。吳澄以若沖則非盈，乃為盈之大者。憨山以陽和之氣充塞天地而其體沖虚，故既已與人己愈有、既已為人己愈多。魏源錄傅奕本「沖」作「盅」。王夫之以不附物之盈、早嗇於己，故實享其有餘。諸家或就治國、或就體用，大旨皆謂大盈若虚而其用不竭。", "introTrad": "河上公以道德大盈之君貴不敢驕、富不敢奢，其用心如是則無窮盡時。王弼以大盈充足、隨物而與、無所愛矜，故若冲。成玄英以道德大盈之人能忘其滿，故雖滿如似空虚；忘滿忘虚，故能即虚即滿。唐玄宗御注以禄位盈滿常若沖虚、儉不傷財，故所用不窮；御疏以有若無、實若虚，故其運用無窮匱。嚴遵以盈而若沖、實而若虚，不顯仁義、不建法式，故其用不窮、流而不衰。李榮以四達俱照、六通無幽為大滿，不以照為照、不以盈為盈，用不以心故無極。陸希聲以德充四海而不敢自矜，故應萬機而不窮。呂惠卿以萬物酌焉而不竭為盈，益之而不加益故若沖，唯其若沖故其用日給而不窮。蘇轍以天下以不虚為盈故盈必有窮，聖人期於大盈而不惡其沖，故盈而不窮。吳澄以若沖則非盈，乃為盈之大者。憨山以陽和之氣充塞天地而其體沖虚，故既已與人己愈有、既已為人己愈多。魏源錄傅奕本「沖」作「盅」。王夫之以不附物之盈、早嗇於己，故實享其有餘。諸家或就治國、或就體用，大旨皆謂大盈若虚而其用不竭。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "大盈之君貴不敢驕、富不敢奢，故其用無窮盡。", "thesisTrad": "大盈之君貴不敢驕、富不敢奢，故其用無窮盡。", "noteIds": [ "c003", "c004" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "大盈之君贵不敢骄、富不敢奢，故其用无穷尽。" }, "wangbi": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "大盈充足、隨物而與、無所愛矜，故若冲。", "thesisTrad": "大盈充足、隨物而與、無所愛矜，故若冲。", "noteIds": [ "c011" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "大盈充足、随物而与、无所爱矜，故若冲。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "能忘其滿，故雖滿如似空虚；忘滿忘虚，故即虚即滿。", "thesisTrad": "能忘其滿，故雖滿如似空虚；忘滿忘虚，故即虚即滿。", "noteIds": [ "c017" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "能忘其满，故虽满如似空虚；忘满忘虚，故即虚即满。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "禄位盈滿常若沖虚、儉不傷財，故所用不窮。", "thesisTrad": "禄位盈滿常若沖虚、儉不傷財，故所用不窮。", "noteIds": [ "c025", "c026" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "禄位盈满常若冲虚、俭不伤财，故所用不穷。" }, "yanzun": { "workType": "指歸", "workTypeTrad": "指歸", "thesis": "盈而若沖、實而若虚，不顯仁義、不建法式，故用不窮。", "thesisTrad": "盈而若沖、實而若虚，不顯仁義、不建法式，故用不窮。", "noteIds": [ "c035" ], "workTypeSimp": "指归", "thesisSimp": "盈而若冲、实而若虚，不显仁义、不建法式，故用不穷。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "四達俱照、六通無幽而不以盈為盈，用不以心故無極。", "thesisTrad": "四達俱照、六通無幽而不以盈為盈，用不以心故無極。", "noteIds": [ "c040" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "四达俱照、六通无幽而不以盈为盈，用不以心故无极。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "德充四海而不敢自矜，故應萬機而不窮。", "thesisTrad": "德充四海而不敢自矜，故應萬機而不窮。", "noteIds": [ "c046" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "德充四海而不敢自矜，故应万机而不穷。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "萬物酌焉而不竭為盈，益之而不加益故若沖，故用日給而不窮。", "thesisTrad": "萬物酌焉而不竭為盈，益之而不加益故若沖，故用日給而不窮。", "noteIds": [ "c047" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "万物酌焉而不竭为盈，益之而不加益故若冲，故用日给而不穷。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "以不虚為盈故盈必有窮；期於大盈而不惡其沖，故盈而不窮。", "thesisTrad": "以不虚為盈故盈必有窮；期於大盈而不惡其沖，故盈而不窮。", "noteIds": [ "c048" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "以不虚为盈故盈必有穷；期于大盈而不恶其冲，故盈而不穷。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "若沖則非盈，乃為盈之大者。", "thesisTrad": "若沖則非盈，乃為盈之大者。", "noteIds": [ "c051" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "若冲则非盈，乃为盈之大者。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "陽和之氣充塞天地而其體沖虚，故與人己愈有、為人己愈多。", "thesisTrad": "陽和之氣充塞天地而其體沖虚，故與人己愈有、為人己愈多。", "noteIds": [ "c054" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "阳和之气充塞天地而其体冲虚，故与人己愈有、为人己愈多。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "錄傅奕本「沖」作「盅」。", "thesisTrad": "錄傅奕本「沖」作「盅」。", "noteIds": [ "c056" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "录傅奕本「冲」作「盅」。" }, "wangfuzhi": { "workType": "衍", "workTypeTrad": "衍", "thesis": "不附物之盈、早嗇於己，故實享其有餘。", "thesisTrad": "不附物之盈、早嗇於己，故實享其有餘。", "noteIds": [ "c057" ], "workTypeSimp": "衍", "thesisSimp": "不附物之盈、早啬于己，故实享其有余。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c003", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公以貴不驕、富不奢解「若冲」，先立盈而不敢盈之義。", "textTrad": "河上公以貴不驕、富不奢解「若冲」，先立盈而不敢盈之義。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公以贵不骄、富不奢解「若冲」，先立盈而不敢盈之义。" }, { "noteId": "c011", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "王弼以隨物而與、無所愛矜，說明大盈何以若冲。", "textTrad": "王弼以隨物而與、無所愛矜，說明大盈何以若冲。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "王弼以随物而与、无所爱矜，说明大盈何以若冲。" }, { "noteId": "c017", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英以忘滿忘虚雙遣，將若冲解為即虚即滿。", "textTrad": "成玄英以忘滿忘虚雙遣，將若冲解為即虚即滿。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英以忘满忘虚双遣，将若冲解为即虚即满。" }, { "noteId": "c026", "relation": "御疏", "relationTrad": "御疏", "text": "唐玄宗以有若無、實若虚，說明聖人禄位充盈而運用不匱。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗以有若無、實若虚，說明聖人禄位充盈而運用不匱。", "relationSimp": "御疏", "textSimp": "唐玄宗以有若无、实若虚，说明圣人禄位充盈而运用不匮。" }, { "noteId": "c035", "relation": "指歸", "relationTrad": "指歸", "text": "嚴遵以不顯仁義、不建法式，將若冲落在無為之治。", "textTrad": "嚴遵以不顯仁義、不建法式，將若冲落在無為之治。", "relationSimp": "指归", "textSimp": "严遵以不显仁义、不建法式，将若冲落在无为之治。" }, { "noteId": "c040", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮以四達六通而不以盈為盈，指出用不以心故無極。", "textTrad": "李榮以四達六通而不以盈為盈，指出用不以心故無極。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣以四达六通而不以盈为盈，指出用不以心故无极。" }, { "noteId": "c047", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "呂惠卿以酌焉不竭、益之不增，將盈虚統一於有本。", "textTrad": "呂惠卿以酌焉不竭、益之不增，將盈虚統一於有本。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "吕惠卿以酌焉不竭、益之不增，将盈虚统一于有本。" }, { "noteId": "c048", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "蘇轍以成弊盈窮對照，指出不惡其沖方能盈而不窮。", "textTrad": "蘇轍以成弊盈窮對照，指出不惡其沖方能盈而不窮。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "苏辙以成弊盈穷对照，指出不恶其冲方能盈而不穷。" }, { "noteId": "c051", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄以若沖非盈而為盈之大，總歸相反而相為用。", "textTrad": "吳澄以若沖非盈而為盈之大，總歸相反而相為用。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄以若冲非盈而为盈之大，总归相反而相为用。" }, { "noteId": "c054", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "憨山以陽和之氣充塞而體不可見，喻其用不窮。", "textTrad": "憨山以陽和之氣充塞而體不可見，喻其用不窮。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "憨山以阳和之气充塞而体不可见，喻其用不穷。" }, { "noteId": "c057", "relation": "衍", "relationTrad": "衍", "text": "王夫之以不附物盈、早嗇於己作結，歸於實享其有餘。", "textTrad": "王夫之以不附物盈、早嗇於己作結，歸於實享其有餘。", "relationSimp": "衍", "textSimp": "王夫之以不附物盈、早啬于己作结，归于实享其有余。" } ], "nameSimp": "大盈若冲，其用不穷", "questionSimp": "最充实的盈满，为什么要以空虚自处？「若冲」如何使其用不穷？", "introSimp": "河上公以道德大盈之君贵不敢骄、富不敢奢，其用心如是则无穷尽时。王弼以大盈充足、随物而与、无所爱矜，故若冲。成玄英以道德大盈之人能忘其满，故虽满如似空虚；忘满忘虚，故能即虚即满。唐玄宗御注以禄位盈满常若冲虚、俭不伤财，故所用不穷；御疏以有若无、实若虚，故其运用无穷匮。严遵以盈而若冲、实而若虚，不显仁义、不建法式，故其用不穷、流而不衰。李荣以四达俱照、六通无幽为大满，不以照为照、不以盈为盈，用不以心故无极。陆希声以德充四海而不敢自矜，故应万机而不穷。吕惠卿以万物酌焉而不竭为盈，益之而不加益故若冲，唯其若冲故其用日给而不穷。苏辙以天下以不虚为盈故盈必有穷，圣人期于大盈而不恶其冲，故盈而不穷。吴澄以若冲则非盈，乃为盈之大者。憨山以阳和之气充塞天地而其体冲虚，故既已与人己愈有、既已为人己愈多。魏源录傅奕本「冲」作「盅」。王夫之以不附物之盈、早啬于己，故实享其有余。诸家或就治国、或就体用，大旨皆谓大盈若虚而其用不竭。" }, { "id": "da-zhi-da-qiao-da-bian", "name": "大直若屈，大巧若拙，大辯若訥", "nameTrad": "大直若屈，大巧若拙，大辯若訥", "question": "最直、最巧、最辯的人，為什麼反而像彎曲、笨拙、木訥？", "questionTrad": "最直、最巧、最辯的人，為什麼反而像彎曲、笨拙、木訥？", "intro": "河上公以大直修道法度正直如一、不與俗爭，大巧多才術而不敢見能，大辯智無疑而口無辭。王弼以大直隨物而直、直不在一，大巧因自然以成器、不造異端，大辯因物而言、己無所造。成玄英以大直質素不顯直相、委曲隨物，大巧忘巧用而晦迹同凡，大辯所言不能言、不同世間口才捷利；引莊子刻雕眾形、不言之辯為說。唐玄宗御注以直而不肆、巧者傷於分外、不飾小說，故若屈、若拙、若訥；御疏以小直潔己垢人、小巧矜粉繪鈎繩、小辯合譬飾辭，對顯大直曲隨物宜、大巧因材致用、大辯至言去言。嚴遵以直而若屈、正而若枉，世主為聲而天下為響、世主為形而人物為影，故不郊祀而天心和、不降席而正四海。李榮以冥同正道為大直、匠成萬物為大巧、談天暢理為大辯。陸希聲以行至易之道、因自成之器、陳至當之理，物遂其性、人盡其能。呂惠卿以大直曲之而全、枉之而直，大巧刻彫眾形而不為巧，大辯不言而辯。蘇轍以直而不屈其直必折、巧而不拙其巧必勞、辯而不訥其辯必窮，循理而行、付物自然、因理而言則雖曲、拙、訥而實直、巧、辯。吳澄以若屈、若拙、若訥乃為直巧辯之大者，相反而相為用。憨山以一氣浩然潛伏隱微故若屈、天之生物刻雕眾形而不見其巧故若拙、天何言哉四時行焉故若訥。王夫之以不依不競、若未有功，故貌不足而實有餘。諸家或就道法、或就自然、或就名迹，大旨皆謂大者不炫其迹。", "introTrad": "河上公以大直修道法度正直如一、不與俗爭，大巧多才術而不敢見能，大辯智無疑而口無辭。王弼以大直隨物而直、直不在一，大巧因自然以成器、不造異端，大辯因物而言、己無所造。成玄英以大直質素不顯直相、委曲隨物，大巧忘巧用而晦迹同凡，大辯所言不能言、不同世間口才捷利；引莊子刻雕眾形、不言之辯為說。唐玄宗御注以直而不肆、巧者傷於分外、不飾小說，故若屈、若拙、若訥；御疏以小直潔己垢人、小巧矜粉繪鈎繩、小辯合譬飾辭，對顯大直曲隨物宜、大巧因材致用、大辯至言去言。嚴遵以直而若屈、正而若枉，世主為聲而天下為響、世主為形而人物為影，故不郊祀而天心和、不降席而正四海。李榮以冥同正道為大直、匠成萬物為大巧、談天暢理為大辯。陸希聲以行至易之道、因自成之器、陳至當之理，物遂其性、人盡其能。呂惠卿以大直曲之而全、枉之而直，大巧刻彫眾形而不為巧，大辯不言而辯。蘇轍以直而不屈其直必折、巧而不拙其巧必勞、辯而不訥其辯必窮，循理而行、付物自然、因理而言則雖曲、拙、訥而實直、巧、辯。吳澄以若屈、若拙、若訥乃為直巧辯之大者，相反而相為用。憨山以一氣浩然潛伏隱微故若屈、天之生物刻雕眾形而不見其巧故若拙、天何言哉四時行焉故若訥。王夫之以不依不競、若未有功，故貌不足而實有餘。諸家或就道法、或就自然、或就名迹，大旨皆謂大者不炫其迹。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "大直不與俗爭，大巧不敢見能，大辯智無疑而口無辭。", "thesisTrad": "大直不與俗爭，大巧不敢見能，大辯智無疑而口無辭。", "noteIds": [ "c005", "c006", "c007" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "大直不与俗争，大巧不敢见能，大辩智无疑而口无辞。" }, "wangbi": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "直不在一故若屈，因自然成器故若拙，因物而言故若訥。", "thesisTrad": "直不在一故若屈，因自然成器故若拙，因物而言故若訥。", "noteIds": [ "c012", "c013", "c014" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "直不在一故若屈，因自然成器故若拙，因物而言故若讷。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "大直質素混迹，大巧忘巧用而晦迹同凡，大辯所言不能言。", "thesisTrad": "大直質素混迹，大巧忘巧用而晦迹同凡，大辯所言不能言。", "noteIds": [ "c018", "c019", "c020" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "大直质素混迹，大巧忘巧用而晦迹同凡，大辩所言不能言。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "直而不肆、巧者傷於分外、不飾小說，故若屈、若拙、若訥。", "thesisTrad": "直而不肆、巧者傷於分外、不飾小說，故若屈、若拙、若訥。", "noteIds": [ "c027", "c028", "c029", "c030", "c031", "c032" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "直而不肆、巧者伤于分外、不饰小说，故若屈、若拙、若讷。" }, "yanzun": { "workType": "指歸", "workTypeTrad": "指歸", "thesis": "直而若屈、正而若枉，不郊祀而天心和、不降席而正四海。", "thesisTrad": "直而若屈、正而若枉，不郊祀而天心和、不降席而正四海。", "noteIds": [ "c036" ], "workTypeSimp": "指归", "thesisSimp": "直而若屈、正而若枉，不郊祀而天心和、不降席而正四海。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "冥同正道為大直，匠成萬物為大巧，談天暢理為大辯。", "thesisTrad": "冥同正道為大直，匠成萬物為大巧，談天暢理為大辯。", "noteIds": [ "c041", "c042", "c043" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "冥同正道为大直，匠成万物为大巧，谈天畅理为大辩。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "行至易之道、因自成之器、陳至當之理，皆自然而勝。", "thesisTrad": "行至易之道、因自成之器、陳至當之理，皆自然而勝。", "noteIds": [ "c046" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "行至易之道、因自成之器、陈至当之理，皆自然而胜。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "大直曲之而全、枉之而直，大巧刻彫眾形而不為巧，大辯不言而辯。", "thesisTrad": "大直曲之而全、枉之而直，大巧刻彫眾形而不為巧，大辯不言而辯。", "noteIds": [ "c047" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "大直曲之而全、枉之而直，大巧刻雕众形而不为巧，大辩不言而辩。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "直不屈則折、巧不拙則勞、辯不訥則窮；循理、付物、因理則雖屈拙訥而實直巧辯。", "thesisTrad": "直不屈則折、巧不拙則勞、辯不訥則窮；循理、付物、因理則雖屈拙訥而實直巧辯。", "noteIds": [ "c049" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "直不屈则折、巧不拙则劳、辩不讷则穷；循理、付物、因理则虽屈拙讷而实直巧辩。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "若屈、若拙、若訥乃為直巧辯之大者，相反而相為用。", "thesisTrad": "若屈、若拙、若訥乃為直巧辯之大者，相反而相為用。", "noteIds": [ "c051" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "若屈、若拙、若讷乃为直巧辩之大者，相反而相为用。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "一氣浩然潛伏隱微故若屈，天生物而不見巧故若拙，天何言哉故若訥。", "thesisTrad": "一氣浩然潛伏隱微故若屈，天生物而不見巧故若拙，天何言哉故若訥。", "noteIds": [ "c054" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "一气浩然潜伏隐微故若屈，天生物而不见巧故若拙，天何言哉故若讷。" }, "wangfuzhi": { "workType": "衍", "workTypeTrad": "衍", "thesis": "不依不競、若未有功，故貌不足而實有餘。", "thesisTrad": "不依不競、若未有功，故貌不足而實有餘。", "noteIds": [ "c057" ], "workTypeSimp": "衍", "thesisSimp": "不依不竞、若未有功，故貌不足而实有余。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c005", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公以不與俗爭解「若屈」，先立大者不爭之義。", "textTrad": "河上公以不與俗爭解「若屈」，先立大者不爭之義。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公以不与俗争解「若屈」，先立大者不争之义。" }, { "noteId": "c012", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "王弼以直不在一解「若屈」，將直從固定準則中解放。", "textTrad": "王弼以直不在一解「若屈」，將直從固定準則中解放。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "王弼以直不在一解「若屈」，将直从固定准则中解放。" }, { "noteId": "c018", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英以質素混迹、委曲隨物，說明大直何以似曲。", "textTrad": "成玄英以質素混迹、委曲隨物，說明大直何以似曲。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英以质素混迹、委曲随物，说明大直何以似曲。" }, { "noteId": "c028", "relation": "御疏", "relationTrad": "御疏", "text": "唐玄宗以小直潔己垢人對顯大直曲隨物宜。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗以小直潔己垢人對顯大直曲隨物宜。", "relationSimp": "御疏", "textSimp": "唐玄宗以小直洁己垢人对显大直曲随物宜。" }, { "noteId": "c036", "relation": "指歸", "relationTrad": "指歸", "text": "嚴遵以世主為聲、天下為響，將直巧辯歸於無形之化。", "textTrad": "嚴遵以世主為聲、天下為響，將直巧辯歸於無形之化。", "relationSimp": "指归", "textSimp": "严遵以世主为声、天下为响，将直巧辩归于无形之化。" }, { "noteId": "c041", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮以冥同正道、以欲從人，點出大直若屈的實踐姿態。", "textTrad": "李榮以冥同正道、以欲從人，點出大直若屈的實踐姿態。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣以冥同正道、以欲从人，点出大直若屈的实践姿态。" }, { "noteId": "c046", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "陸希聲以行至易、因自成、陳至當，將三者統一為自然。", "textTrad": "陸希聲以行至易、因自成、陳至當，將三者統一為自然。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "陆希声以行至易、因自成、陈至当，将三者统一为自然。" }, { "noteId": "c049", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "蘇轍以直折、巧勞、辯窮反證，說明屈拙訥方能全直巧辯。", "textTrad": "蘇轍以直折、巧勞、辯窮反證，說明屈拙訥方能全直巧辯。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "苏辙以直折、巧劳、辩穷反证，说明屈拙讷方能全直巧辩。" }, { "noteId": "c051", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄以相反而相為用總攝，指出若屈拙訥乃其大者。", "textTrad": "吳澄以相反而相為用總攝，指出若屈拙訥乃其大者。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄以相反而相为用总摄，指出若屈拙讷乃其大者。" }, { "noteId": "c054", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "憨山以浩然之氣、天生物、天何言作喻，歸於法天制用。", "textTrad": "憨山以浩然之氣、天生物、天何言作喻，歸於法天制用。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "憨山以浩然之气、天生物、天何言作喻，归于法天制用。" } ], "nameSimp": "大直若屈，大巧若拙，大辩若讷", "questionSimp": "最直、最巧、最辩的人，为什么反而像弯曲、笨拙、木讷？", "introSimp": "河上公以大直修道法度正直如一、不与俗争，大巧多才术而不敢见能，大辩智无疑而口无辞。王弼以大直随物而直、直不在一，大巧因自然以成器、不造异端，大辩因物而言、己无所造。成玄英以大直质素不显直相、委曲随物，大巧忘巧用而晦迹同凡，大辩所言不能言、不同世间口才捷利；引庄子刻雕众形、不言之辩为说。唐玄宗御注以直而不肆、巧者伤于分外、不饰小说，故若屈、若拙、若讷；御疏以小直洁己垢人、小巧矜粉绘钩绳、小辩合譬饰辞，对显大直曲随物宜、大巧因材致用、大辩至言去言。严遵以直而若屈、正而若枉，世主为声而天下为响、世主为形而人物为影，故不郊祀而天心和、不降席而正四海。李荣以冥同正道为大直、匠成万物为大巧、谈天畅理为大辩。陆希声以行至易之道、因自成之器、陈至当之理，物遂其性、人尽其能。吕惠卿以大直曲之而全、枉之而直，大巧刻雕众形而不为巧，大辩不言而辩。苏辙以直而不屈其直必折、巧而不拙其巧必劳、辩而不讷其辩必穷，循理而行、付物自然、因理而言则虽曲、拙、讷而实直、巧、辩。吴澄以若屈、若拙、若讷乃为直巧辩之大者，相反而相为用。憨山以一气浩然潜伏隐微故若屈、天之生物刻雕众形而不见其巧故若拙、天何言哉四时行焉故若讷。王夫之以不依不竞、若未有功，故貌不足而实有余。诸家或就道法、或就自然、或就名迹，大旨皆谓大者不炫其迹。" }, { "id": "zao-jing-qing-jing", "name": "躁勝寒，靜勝熱，清靜為天下正", "nameTrad": "躁勝寒，靜勝熱，清靜為天下正", "question": "躁與靜各自只能勝一偏，為什麼最終仍歸於「清靜為天下正」？", "questionTrad": "躁與靜各自只能勝一偏，為什麼最終仍歸於「清靜為天下正」？", "intro": "河上公以勝為極，春夏陽氣躁疾於上、極則寒而零落，秋冬萬物靜於黃泉、極則熱而生源；能清靜則為天下長。王弼以躁罷然後勝寒、靜無為以勝熱，靜則全物之真、躁則犯物之性，故唯清靜乃得如上諸大。成玄英以躁陽靜陰，陰極陽生、陽極陰起，靜是長生之本、躁是死滅之元；又解從本降迹即躁勝寒、息迹歸本即靜勝熱。唐玄宗御疏以執成者必敗、持滿者必傾，寄陽氣動靜喻躁為死本、靜為生源，能無為清淨則趣生之本，可為天下之正。嚴遵以陰之至則冰凝霜雪，定神安精、動體勞形則暖有餘身，是躁勝寒；陽之至則煎砂爛石，解心釋意、託神清靜則凉有餘，是靜勝熱；去知去慮、虚心專氣，清靜因應則天下自正。李榮以陰陽二氣遞相為用，陽盛則熱勝寒劣、陰盛則靜勝躁劣；盛無盛、衰無衰，遺成不敗、忘勝無劣，絶生死為天下正。陸希聲以躁作勝祁寒、靜正勝祁暑，非有心於寒暑而寒暑不能侵，故無為而民自化、好靜而民自正。呂惠卿以一時躁靜猶能勝天地之寒熱，況體无為之清靜以為天下正。蘇轍以躁能勝寒而不能勝熱、靜能勝熱而不能勝寒，皆滯於一偏，唯泊然清淨、不染於一，而後無所不勝。吳澄以陽之躁勝陰之寒、陰之靜勝陽之熱，相反而相為用；清靜無為、寂然不動，故能為天下正。憨山以躁能勝寒而不能勝熱、靜能勝熱而不能勝寒，皆有所勝則有所不勝，故聖人貴乎清淨為天下正。魏源錄傅奕本「靜」作「靖」，末句「清靜」上有「知」字、下有「以」字。王夫之以見寒趨火、熱而飲冰為徒自困，早嗇於己、不驚於物，始於不依、終於不競，天下正而若未有功。諸家或就陰陽、或就治身、或就無為，大旨皆歸於清靜為天下正。", "introTrad": "河上公以勝為極，春夏陽氣躁疾於上、極則寒而零落，秋冬萬物靜於黃泉、極則熱而生源；能清靜則為天下長。王弼以躁罷然後勝寒、靜無為以勝熱，靜則全物之真、躁則犯物之性，故唯清靜乃得如上諸大。成玄英以躁陽靜陰，陰極陽生、陽極陰起，靜是長生之本、躁是死滅之元；又解從本降迹即躁勝寒、息迹歸本即靜勝熱。唐玄宗御疏以執成者必敗、持滿者必傾，寄陽氣動靜喻躁為死本、靜為生源，能無為清淨則趣生之本，可為天下之正。嚴遵以陰之至則冰凝霜雪，定神安精、動體勞形則暖有餘身，是躁勝寒；陽之至則煎砂爛石，解心釋意、託神清靜則凉有餘，是靜勝熱；去知去慮、虛心專氣，清靜因應則天下自正。李榮以陰陽二氣遞相為用，陽盛則熱勝寒劣、陰盛則靜勝躁劣；盛無盛、衰無衰，遺成不敗、忘勝無劣，絶生死為天下正。陸希聲以躁作勝祁寒、靜正勝祁暑，非有心於寒暑而寒暑不能侵，故無為而民自化、好靜而民自正。呂惠卿以一時躁靜猶能勝天地之寒熱，況體无為之清靜以為天下正。蘇轍以躁能勝寒而不能勝熱、靜能勝熱而不能勝寒，皆滯於一偏，唯泊然清淨、不染於一，而後無所不勝。吳澄以陽之躁勝陰之寒、陰之靜勝陽之熱，相反而相為用；清靜無為、寂然不動，故能為天下正。憨山以躁能勝寒而不能勝熱、靜能勝熱而不能勝寒，皆有所勝則有所不勝，故聖人貴乎清淨為天下正。魏源錄傅奕本「靜」作「靖」，末句「清靜」上有「知」字、下有「以」字。王夫之以見寒趨火、熱而飲冰為徒自困，早嗇於己、不驚於物，始於不依、終於不競，天下正而若未有功。諸家或就陰陽、或就治身、或就無為，大旨皆歸於清靜為天下正。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "勝，極也；躁為死本、靜為生源，能清靜則為天下長。", "thesisTrad": "勝，極也；躁為死本、靜為生源，能清靜則為天下長。", "noteIds": [ "c008", "c009" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "胜，极也；躁为死本、静为生源，能清静则为天下长。" }, "wangbi": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "躁罷然後勝寒、靜無為以勝熱；靜全物之真，故唯清靜乃得如上諸大。", "thesisTrad": "躁罷然後勝寒、靜無為以勝熱；靜全物之真，故唯清靜乃得如上諸大。", "noteIds": [ "c015" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "躁罢然后胜寒、静无为以胜热；静全物之真，故唯清静乃得如上诸大。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "躁陽靜陰，靜為長生之本、躁為死滅之元；清虚寧靜可為天下正。", "thesisTrad": "躁陽靜陰，靜為長生之本、躁為死滅之元；清虚寧靜可為天下正。", "noteIds": [ "c021", "c022" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "躁阳静阴，静为长生之本、躁为死灭之元；清虚宁静可为天下正。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "執成必敗、持滿必傾，寄陽氣動靜喻躁為死本、靜為生源，清靜可為天下正。", "thesisTrad": "執成必敗、持滿必傾，寄陽氣動靜喻躁為死本、靜為生源，清靜可為天下正。", "noteIds": [ "c033", "c034" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "执成必败、持满必倾，寄阳气动静喻躁为死本、静为生源，清静可为天下正。" }, "yanzun": { "workType": "指歸", "workTypeTrad": "指歸", "thesis": "陰寒則動體暖身，陽熱則託神清靜而凉；去知去慮、清靜因應則天下自正。", "thesisTrad": "陰寒則動體暖身，陽熱則託神清靜而凉；去知去慮、清靜因應則天下自正。", "noteIds": [ "c037", "c038" ], "workTypeSimp": "指归", "thesisSimp": "阴寒则动体暖身，阳热则托神清静而凉；去知去虑、清静因应则天下自正。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "陰陽二氣互為勝劣；盛無盛、衰無衰，絶生死為天下正。", "thesisTrad": "陰陽二氣互為勝劣；盛無盛、衰無衰，絶生死為天下正。", "noteIds": [ "c044", "c045" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "阴阳二气互为胜劣；盛无盛、衰无衰，绝生死为天下正。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "躁作勝祁寒、靜正勝祁暑，非有心於寒暑；清靜可以為天下正。", "thesisTrad": "躁作勝祁寒、靜正勝祁暑，非有心於寒暑；清靜可以為天下正。", "noteIds": [ "c046" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "躁作胜祁寒、静正胜祁暑，非有心于寒暑；清静可以为天下正。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "一時躁靜猶能勝天地之寒熱，況體无為之清靜以為天下正。", "thesisTrad": "一時躁靜猶能勝天地之寒熱，況體无為之清靜以為天下正。", "noteIds": [ "c047" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "一时躁静犹能胜天地之寒热，况体无为之清静以为天下正。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "躁靜各滯一偏，唯泊然清淨、不染於一，而後無所不勝。", "thesisTrad": "躁靜各滯一偏，唯泊然清淨、不染於一，而後無所不勝。", "noteIds": [ "c050" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "躁静各滞一偏，唯泊然清净、不染于一，而后无所不胜。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "躁靜相反而相為用；清靜無為、寂然不動，故能為天下正。", "thesisTrad": "躁靜相反而相為用；清靜無為、寂然不動，故能為天下正。", "noteIds": [ "c052", "c053" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "躁静相反而相为用；清静无为、寂然不动，故能为天下正。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "躁靜皆有所勝則有所不勝，故聖人貴乎清淨為天下正。", "thesisTrad": "躁靜皆有所勝則有所不勝，故聖人貴乎清淨為天下正。", "noteIds": [ "c054" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "躁静皆有所胜则有所不胜，故圣人贵乎清净为天下正。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "錄傅奕本「靜」作「靖」，末句有「知」「以」二字。", "thesisTrad": "錄傅奕本「靜」作「靖」，末句有「知」「以」二字。", "noteIds": [ "c056" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "录傅奕本「静」作「靖」，末句有「知」「以」二字。" }, "wangfuzhi": { "workType": "衍", "workTypeTrad": "衍", "thesis": "見寒趨火、熱而飲冰徒自困；早嗇不驚、不依不競，天下正而若未有功。", "thesisTrad": "見寒趨火、熱而飲冰徒自困；早嗇不驚、不依不競，天下正而若未有功。", "noteIds": [ "c057" ], "workTypeSimp": "衍", "thesisSimp": "见寒趋火、热而饮冰徒自困；早啬不惊、不依不竞，天下正而若未有功。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c008", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公以勝為極，將躁靜納入陰陽消長的節律。", "textTrad": "河上公以勝為極，將躁靜納入陰陽消長的節律。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公以胜为极，将躁静纳入阴阳消长的节律。" }, { "noteId": "c015", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "王弼以躁罷勝寒、靜無為勝熱，點出靜全物之真。", "textTrad": "王弼以躁罷勝寒、靜無為勝熱，點出靜全物之真。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "王弼以躁罢胜寒、静无为胜热，点出静全物之真。" }, { "noteId": "c021", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英以靜為生本、躁為死元，確立去躁歸靜的修學方向。", "textTrad": "成玄英以靜為生本、躁為死元，確立去躁歸靜的修學方向。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英以静为生本、躁为死元，确立去躁归静的修学方向。" }, { "noteId": "c033", "relation": "御疏", "relationTrad": "御疏", "text": "唐玄宗以執成必敗、持滿必傾，將躁靜提升為治國之戒。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗以執成必敗、持滿必傾，將躁靜提升為治國之戒。", "relationSimp": "御疏", "textSimp": "唐玄宗以执成必败、持满必倾，将躁静提升为治国之戒。" }, { "noteId": "c037", "relation": "指歸", "relationTrad": "指歸", "text": "嚴遵以寒暑切身經驗為喻，說明躁動與清靜各有其效。", "textTrad": "嚴遵以寒暑切身經驗為喻，說明躁動與清靜各有其效。", "relationSimp": "指归", "textSimp": "严遵以寒暑切身经验为喻，说明躁动与清静各有其效。" }, { "noteId": "c044", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮以陰陽互為勝劣，推至盛無盛、衰無衰的雙遣。", "textTrad": "李榮以陰陽互為勝劣，推至盛無盛、衰無衰的雙遣。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣以阴阳互为胜劣，推至盛无盛、衰无衰的双遣。" }, { "noteId": "c046", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "陸希聲以非有心於寒暑，將躁靜之勝歸於自然。", "textTrad": "陸希聲以非有心於寒暑，將躁靜之勝歸於自然。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "陆希声以非有心于寒暑，将躁静之胜归于自然。" }, { "noteId": "c050", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "蘇轍指出躁靜各滯一偏，唯不染於一者無所不勝。", "textTrad": "蘇轍指出躁靜各滯一偏，唯不染於一者無所不勝。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "苏辙指出躁静各滞一偏，唯不染于一者无所不胜。" }, { "noteId": "c053", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄以清靜無為、寂然不動，總歸相反而相為用。", "textTrad": "吳澄以清靜無為、寂然不動，總歸相反而相為用。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄以清静无为、寂然不动，总归相反而相为用。" }, { "noteId": "c057", "relation": "衍", "relationTrad": "衍", "text": "王夫之以不依不競、若未有功作結，將清靜落在人事修養。", "textTrad": "王夫之以不依不競、若未有功作結，將清靜落在人事修養。", "relationSimp": "衍", "textSimp": "王夫之以不依不竞、若未有功作结，将清静落在人事修养。" } ], "nameSimp": "躁胜寒，静胜热，清静为天下正", "questionSimp": "躁与静各自只能胜一偏，为什么最终仍归于「清静为天下正」？", "introSimp": "河上公以胜为极，春夏阳气躁疾于上、极则寒而零落，秋冬万物静于黄泉、极则热而生源；能清静则为天下长。王弼以躁罢然后胜寒、静无为以胜热，静则全物之真、躁则犯物之性，故唯清静乃得如上诸大。成玄英以躁阳静阴，阴极阳生、阳极阴起，静是长生之本、躁是死灭之元；又解从本降迹即躁胜寒、息迹归本即静胜热。唐玄宗御疏以执成者必败、持满者必倾，寄阳气动静喻躁为死本、静为生源，能无为清净则趣生之本，可为天下之正。严遵以阴之至则冰凝霜雪，定神安精、动体劳形则暖有余身，是躁胜寒；阳之至则煎砂烂石，解心释意、托神清静则凉有余，是静胜热；去知去虑、虚心专气，清静因应则天下自正。李荣以阴阳二气递相为用，阳盛则热胜寒劣、阴盛则静胜躁劣；盛无盛、衰无衰，遗成不败、忘胜无劣，绝生死为天下正。陆希声以躁作胜祁寒、静正胜祁暑，非有心于寒暑而寒暑不能侵，故无为而民自化、好静而民自正。吕惠卿以一时躁静犹能胜天地之寒热，况体无为之清静以为天下正。苏辙以躁能胜寒而不能胜热、静能胜热而不能胜寒，皆滞于一偏，唯泊然清净、不染于一，而后无所不胜。吴澄以阳之躁胜阴之寒、阴之静胜阳之热，相反而相为用；清静无为、寂然不动，故能为天下正。憨山以躁能胜寒而不能胜热、静能胜热而不能胜寒，皆有所胜则有所不胜，故圣人贵乎清净为天下正。魏源录傅奕本「静」作「靖」，末句「清静」上有「知」字、下有「以」字。王夫之以见寒趋火、热而饮冰为徒自困，早啬于己、不惊于物，始于不依、终于不竞，天下正而若未有功。诸家或就阴阳、或就治身、或就无为，大旨皆归于清静为天下正。" } ], "requiredSources": [ "heshanggong", "tangxuanzong" ] }, "schema": "librebook.chapter/1", "generatedAt": "2026-10-30T11:41:46.908Z", "keyPrefix": "laozi-45", "idRules": { "chapter": "章节目录名（slug），如 01；URL 为 /laozi/01/。", "sentence": "章内局部编号 sNNN，全篇引用使用 laozi-01:sNNN；页面锚点继续使用 #sNNN。", "commentary": "章内注号 cNNN，字词注 nNNN，校记 kNNN；编号在章内稳定，跨章引用时加章节前缀。", "paragraph": "章内段落号 pNNN，与 sentence.paragraph 对应。" }, "book": { "id": "laozi", "slug": "laozi", "title": "老子", "titleSimp": "老子", "author": "老聃", "authorSimp": "老聃", "era": "春秋", "eraSimp": "春秋", "editor": "河上公、王弼等", "editorSimp": "河上公、王弼等", "edition": "王弼《老子注》", "editionSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "baseLabel": "王弼《老子注》", "baseLabelSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "separationLabel": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英義疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、嚴遵指歸、李榮注、陸希聲傳、呂惠卿傳、蘇轍老子解、吳澄道德真經注、憨山道德經解、魏源老子本義、俞樾平議、王夫之老子衍十四家", "separationLabelSimp": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英义疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、严遵指归、李荣注、陆希声传、吕惠卿传、苏辙老子解、吴澄道德真经注、憨山道德经解、魏源老子本义、俞樾平议、王夫之老子衍十四家", "intro": "《老子》八十一章，分道經、德經。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》為底本，逐章整理正文、舊注、今譯與校記；第一至八十一章已上線，全帙完竣。", "introSimp": "《老子》八十一章，分道经、德经。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》为底本，逐章整理正文、旧注、今译与校记；第一至八十一章已上线，全帙完竣。" }, "volume": { "id": "dejing", "order": 2, "title": "德經", "titleSimp": "德经" }, "chapter": { "id": "laozi-45", "slug": "45", "order": 45, "title": "第四十五章", "titleSimp": "第四十五章", "status": "published", "revision": "初校", "review": "待复核", "updated": "2026-10-30", "summary": "全章五句：首二句言大成若缺、其用不弊，大盈若冲、其用不窮；次句言大直若屈、大巧若拙、大辯若訥；末二句言躁勝寒、靜勝熱、清靜為天下正。河上公以道德大成之君滅名藏譽、如毀缺不備，大盈之君貴不敢驕、富不敢奢；大直不與俗爭，大巧不敢見能，大辯智無疑而口無辭；躁為死本、靜為生源，能清靜則為天下長。王弼以大成隨物而成、不為一象，大盈充足、隨物而與、無所愛矜；大直隨物而直、直不在一，大巧因自然以成器、不造異端，大辯因物而言、己無所造；躁罷然後勝寒、靜無為以勝熱，唯清靜乃得如上諸大。成玄英以行業大成之人能忘其成，故雖大成如似缺少；大盈之人能忘其滿，故雖滿如似空虚；大直質素不顯直相，大巧忘巧用而晦迹同凡，大辯所言不能言、不同世間口才捷利；躁陽靜陰，靜為長生之本、躁為死滅之元。唐玄宗御注以學行大成常如玷缺、謙則受益，禄位盈滿常若沖虚、儉不傷財；直而不肆、巧者傷於分外、不飾小說，故若屈、若拙、若訥。御疏以功成不恃、持滿不盈為說，寄陽氣動靜喻躁為死本、靜為生源，能無為清淨則趣生之本，可為天下之正。嚴遵以聖人治之無形、遺魂忘魄、休精息神，故其用不弊；盈而若沖、實而若虚，不顯仁義、不建法式，故其用不窮；直而若屈、正而若枉，不郊祀而天心和、不降席而正四海；以陰陽寒暑喻躁勝寒、靜勝熱，去知去慮、虚心專氣，清靜因應，天下自正，其正文作「能靜能清，為天下正」。李榮以道圓德備名為大成，大壑酌之不竭、明鏡應之忘疲，故不弊；四達俱照、六通無幽，不以照為照、不以盈為盈，故若沖；冥同正道為大直，匠成萬物為大巧，談天暢理為大辯；陰陽二氣遞相為用，盛無盛、衰無衰，遺成不敗、忘勝無劣，絶生死為天下正。陸希聲以聖人道濟天下而慮一物失所，故成眾務而不弊；德充四海而不敢自矜，故應萬機而不窮；行至易之道、因自成之器、陳至當之理，物遂其性、人盡其能，皆自然而勝。呂惠卿以萬物始乎是、終乎是為大成，始无所始、終无所止故若缺；萬物酌焉而不竭為盈，益之而不加益故若沖；大直曲之而全、枉之而直，大巧刻彫眾形而不為巧，大辯不言而辯。蘇轍以天下以不缺為成故成必有弊、以不虚為盈故盈必有窮，唯泊然清淨、不染於一，非成非缺、非盈非沖，而後無所不勝。吳澄以成為成、盈為盈、直為直、巧為巧、辯為辯者小矣，若缺、若沖、若屈、若拙、若訥乃為成盈直巧辯之大者，老子一書大抵相反而相為用。憨山以聖人法天制用、與道為一，天地生物曲成不遺而似有所缺，陽和之氣充塞天地而其體沖虚；躁能勝寒而不能勝熱、靜能勝熱而不能勝寒，故聖人貴乎清淨為天下正。魏源以此章為其第三十八章，校河上、王弼「不敝」作「蔽」，又錄傅奕本「盈」作「滿」、「沖」作「盅」、「屈」作「詘」、「靜」作「靖」及末句異文。王夫之以陰陽交而人事煩、功名著，喜於有為者附物之盈，已盈而附必損於己，遂思以勝之，如見寒趨火、熱而飲冰，徒自困；早嗇於己、不驚於物，始於不依、終於不競，天下正而若未有功，故貌見不足而實享其有餘。河上公九注、王弼六注、成玄英七注、唐玄宗御注御疏十二注、嚴遵四注、李榮七注、陸希聲一注、呂惠卿一注、蘇轍三注、吳澄三注、憨山一注、魏源二注、王夫之一注；俞樾《諸子平議》此章未列，故十三家。河上公題「洪德第四十五」，《玄德纂疏》卷十二、呂惠卿、蘇轍題「大成若缺章第四十五」，王弼本無章題；吳澄以此章自為其第三十七章，魏源以此章為其第三十八章；諸本異文：呂惠卿、吳澄、憨山作「不敝」，魏源校記云河上、王弼作「蔽」；傅奕本「盈」作「滿」、「沖」作「盅」、「屈」作「詘」、「靜」作「靖」，末句「清靜」上有「知」字、下有「以」字；嚴遵作「能靜能清，為天下正」，蘇轍作「清淨為天下正」，王夫之作「寒勝躁」，並見校記。", "summarySimp": "全章五句：首二句言大成若缺、其用不弊，大盈若冲、其用不穷；次句言大直若屈、大巧若拙、大辩若讷；末二句言躁胜寒、静胜热、清静为天下正。河上公以道德大成之君灭名藏誉、如毁缺不备，大盈之君贵不敢骄、富不敢奢；大直不与俗争，大巧不敢见能，大辩智无疑而口无辞；躁为死本、静为生源，能清静则为天下长。王弼以大成随物而成、不为一象，大盈充足、随物而与、无所爱矜；大直随物而直、直不在一，大巧因自然以成器、不造异端，大辩因物而言、己无所造；躁罢然后胜寒、静无为以胜热，唯清静乃得如上诸大。成玄英以行业大成之人能忘其成，故虽大成如似缺少；大盈之人能忘其满，故虽满如似空虚；大直质素不显直相，大巧忘巧用而晦迹同凡，大辩所言不能言、不同世间口才捷利；躁阳静阴，静为长生之本、躁为死灭之元。唐玄宗御注以学行大成常如玷缺、谦则受益，禄位盈满常若冲虚、俭不伤财；直而不肆、巧者伤于分外、不饰小说，故若屈、若拙、若讷。御疏以功成不恃、持满不盈为说，寄阳气动静喻躁为死本、静为生源，能无为清净则趣生之本，可为天下之正。严遵以圣人治之无形、遗魂忘魄、休精息神，故其用不弊；盈而若冲、实而若虚，不显仁义、不建法式，故其用不穷；直而若屈、正而若枉，不郊祀而天心和、不降席而正四海；以阴阳寒暑喻躁胜寒、静胜热，去知去虑、虚心专气，清静因应，天下自正，其正文作「能静能清，为天下正」。李荣以道圆德备名为大成，大壑酌之不竭、明镜应之忘疲，故不弊；四达俱照、六通无幽，不以照为照、不以盈为盈，故若冲；冥同正道为大直，匠成万物为大巧，谈天畅理为大辩；阴阳二气递相为用，盛无盛、衰无衰，遗成不败、忘胜无劣，绝生死为天下正。陆希声以圣人道济天下而虑一物失所，故成众务而不弊；德充四海而不敢自矜，故应万机而不穷；行至易之道、因自成之器、陈至当之理，物遂其性、人尽其能，皆自然而胜。吕惠卿以万物始乎是、终乎是为大成，始无所始、终无所止故若缺；万物酌焉而不竭为盈，益之而不加益故若冲；大直曲之而全、枉之而直，大巧刻雕众形而不为巧，大辩不言而辩。苏辙以天下以不缺为成故成必有弊、以不虚为盈故盈必有穷，唯泊然清净、不染于一，非成非缺、非盈非冲，而后无所不胜。吴澄以成为成、盈为盈、直为直、巧为巧、辩为辩者小矣，若缺、若冲、若屈、若拙、若讷乃为成盈直巧辩之大者，老子一书大抵相反而相为用。憨山以圣人法天制用、与道为一，天地生物曲成不遗而似有所缺，阳和之气充塞天地而其体冲虚；躁能胜寒而不能胜热、静能胜热而不能胜寒，故圣人贵乎清净为天下正。魏源以此章为其第三十八章，校河上、王弼「不敝」作「蔽」，又录傅奕本「盈」作「满」、「冲」作「盅」、「屈」作「诎」、「静」作「靖」及末句异文。王夫之以阴阳交而人事烦、功名著，喜于有为者附物之盈，已盈而附必损于己，遂思以胜之，如见寒趋火、热而饮冰，徒自困；早啬于己、不惊于物，始于不依、终于不竞，天下正而若未有功，故貌见不足而实享其有余。河上公九注、王弼六注、成玄英七注、唐玄宗御注御疏十二注、严遵四注、李荣七注、陆希声一注、吕惠卿一注、苏辙三注、吴澄三注、憨山一注、魏源二注、王夫之一注；俞樾《诸子平议》此章未列，故十三家。河上公题「洪德第四十五」，《玄德纂疏》卷十二、吕惠卿、苏辙题「大成若缺章第四十五」，王弼本无章题；吴澄以此章自为其第三十七章，魏源以此章为其第三十八章；诸本异文：吕惠卿、吴澄、憨山作「不敝」，魏源校记云河上、王弼作「蔽」；傅奕本「盈」作「满」、「冲」作「盅」、「屈」作「诎」、「静」作「靖」，末句「清静」上有「知」字、下有「以」字；严遵作「能静能清，为天下正」，苏辙作「清净为天下正」，王夫之作「寒胜躁」，并见校记。", 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