{ "meta": { "book": { "id": "laozi", "title": "老子", "titleSimp": "老子", "author": "老聃", "authorSimp": "老聃", "era": "春秋", "eraSimp": "春秋", "editor": "河上公、王弼等", "editorSimp": "河上公、王弼等", "edition": "王弼《老子注》", "editionSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "slug": "laozi", "baseLabel": "王弼《老子注》", "baseLabelSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "separationLabel": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英義疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、嚴遵指歸、李榮注、陸希聲傳、呂惠卿傳、蘇轍老子解、吳澄道德真經注、憨山道德經解、魏源老子本義、俞樾平議、王夫之老子衍十四家", "separationLabelSimp": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英义疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、严遵指归、李荣注、陆希声传、吕惠卿传、苏辙老子解、吴澄道德真经注、憨山道德经解、魏源老子本义、俞樾平议、王夫之老子衍十四家", "intro": "《老子》八十一章，分道經、德經。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》為底本，逐章整理正文、舊注、今譯與校記；第一至八十一章已上線，全帙完竣。", "introSimp": "《老子》八十一章，分道经、德经。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》为底本，逐章整理正文、旧注、今译与校记；第一至八十一章已上线，全帙完竣。" }, "chapter": { "id": "laozi-48", "no": 48, "part": "德經", "partSimp": "德经", "title": "第四十八章", "titleSimp": "第四十八章", "intro": "《老子》第四十八章，河上公題「忘知第四十八」，《玄德纂疏》卷十三、呂惠卿、蘇轍題「為學日益章第四十八」，王弼本無章題；吳澄以此章為其第四十章；魏源以此章為其第四十一章；嚴遵本無章題，此章自為一篇。王弼本五句：為學日益，為道日損；損之又損，以至於無為；無為而無不為；取天下常以無事；及其有事，不足以取天下。全章由「為學」與「為道」的損益對舉發端，歸於「無為而無不為」，再落到取天下以無事、有事則不足以取天下。河上公以政教禮樂之學為俗學，情欲文飾日以益多；自然之道則情欲文飾日以消損；損情欲又損之，漸去以至於恬然如嬰兒、無所造為；取為治，治天下常當以無事，好有事則政教煩而民不安。王弼以務進所能、益其所習為學，務反虛無為道；有為則有所失，故無為乃無所不為；動常因，故取天下常以無事；自已造則失統本，故不足以取天下。成玄英以俗學銳情分別、累欲日增，修道虛夷恬淡、智德漸明而累惑日損；前損損有、後損損無，二偏雙遣，以至於一中之無為；至寂而動、即體而用，故無所不為；取為攝化，雖應物施為而心未嘗有事；心未虛忘而以事為事，則不足以攝化天下。唐玄宗御注以益見聞為修學之漸、損功行為悟道之門；損功行而兼忘欲損之心，則泊然無為、鏡象無不應；絕德與道合則無所不施；無為無事則天下歸懷，有事煩勞則凋弊。御疏以前損忘迹、後損忘心，心迹俱忘為造極；有為有礙則有所不為，無為無礙故無所不為；政令煩苛、禁網凝密則百姓不安，四方離散。嚴遵《玄德纂疏》卷十三存輯文一條，以去知為說，謂不知之知為知之祖、不教之教為教之宗、神明所因、天地之師。李榮以增卷軸、長見聞、利名聲、加嗜欲為學，以文理雙忘、物我同遣為道；捨有歸無、有去無忘為再損；無為非兀然拱手，乃寂動俱息；取天下以無為則皆可，以有事則皆不可。陸希聲以博聞多識通理為日益，秉要執本簡事為日損；損在漸不可頓去，損之至乎無為則能無不為；有為有事則民勞而叛，無為無事則民逸而歸，故取天下在得人心。呂惠卿以未聞道而求之為益，已聞道而期於無為為損；并其損之者而損，然後至於無為；無為者無有，而無不為者乃所以並無其無；取天下常以無事，觀莊周應帝王可知。蘇轍以不知道而務學、聞見日多而無以一之為學，去妄復性為道；去妄之心猶存，兼忘此心則純性無餘，無所不為而不失無為；聖人無為無事，天下歸之。吳澄以患寡務博為日益，自有反無為日損；損之又損至無可損則無為，一事不為故能事事無不為；取天下止是無為，德盛自歸，必用智力則不足。憨山以增長知見為學、克去情欲為道；心境兩忘、私欲淨盡，至於無為而無不為；取天下貴常以無事，有事則有欲而民擾。魏源以此章為其第四十一章，校傅奕、河上、王弼異文，並引李氏嘉謨、焦竑、吳澄、羅什諸說。王夫之以損於有者益於無，去其所取、全其未有取；取者恩而失者怨，故上禮不免攘臂。本站以王弼《老子注》為底本，分列河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英義疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、嚴遵指歸、李榮注、陸希聲傳、呂惠卿傳、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》與王夫之《老子衍》，並附編者今譯。俞樾《諸子平議》此章未列。", "introSimp": "《老子》第四十八章，河上公题「忘知第四十八」，《玄德纂疏》卷十三、吕惠卿、苏辙题「为学日益章第四十八」，王弼本无章题；吴澄以此章为其第四十章；魏源以此章为其第四十一章；严遵本无章题，此章自为一篇。王弼本五句：为学日益，为道日损；损之又损，以至于无为；无为而无不为；取天下常以无事；及其有事，不足以取天下。全章由「为学」与「为道」的损益对举发端，归于「无为而无不为」，再落到取天下以无事、有事则不足以取天下。河上公以政教礼乐之学为俗学，情欲文饰日以益多；自然之道则情欲文饰日以消损；损情欲又损之，渐去以至于恬然如婴儿、无所造为；取为治，治天下常当以无事，好有事则政教烦而民不安。王弼以务进所能、益其所习为学，务反虚无为道；有为则有所失，故无为乃无所不为；动常因，故取天下常以无事；自已造则失统本，故不足以取天下。成玄英以俗学锐情分别、累欲日增，修道虚夷恬淡、智德渐明而累惑日损；前损损有、后损损无，二偏双遣，以至于一中之无为；至寂而动、即体而用，故无所不为；取为摄化，虽应物施为而心未尝有事；心未虚忘而以事为事，则不足以摄化天下。唐玄宗御注以益见闻为修学之渐、损功行为悟道之门；损功行而兼忘欲损之心，则泊然无为、镜象无不应；绝德与道合则无所不施；无为无事则天下归怀，有事烦劳则凋弊。御疏以前损忘迹、后损忘心，心迹俱忘为造极；有为有碍则有所不为，无为无碍故无所不为；政令烦苛、禁网凝密则百姓不安，四方离散。严遵《玄德纂疏》卷十三存辑文一条，以去知为说，谓不知之知为知之祖、不教之教为教之宗、神明所因、天地之师。李荣以增卷轴、长见闻、利名声、加嗜欲为学，以文理双忘、物我同遣为道；舍有归无、有去无忘为再损；无为非兀然拱手，乃寂动俱息；取天下以无为则皆可，以有事则皆不可。陆希声以博闻多识通理为日益，秉要执本简事为日损；损在渐不可顿去，损之至乎无为则能无不为；有为有事则民劳而叛，无为无事则民逸而归，故取天下在得人心。吕惠卿以未闻道而求之为益，已闻道而期于无为为损；并其损之者而损，然后至于无为；无为者无有，而无不为者乃所以并无其无；取天下常以无事，观庄周应帝王可知。苏辙以不知道而务学、闻见日多而无以一之为学，去妄复性为道；去妄之心犹存，兼忘此心则纯性无余，无所不为而不失无为；圣人无为无事，天下归之。吴澄以患寡务博为日益，自有反无为日损；损之又损至无可损则无为，一事不为故能事事无不为；取天下止是无为，德盛自归，必用智力则不足。憨山以增长知见为学、克去情欲为道；心境两忘、私欲净尽，至于无为而无不为；取天下贵常以无事，有事则有欲而民扰。魏源以此章为其第四十一章，校傅奕、河上、王弼异文，并引李氏嘉谟、焦竑、吴澄、罗什诸说。王夫之以损于有者益于无，去其所取、全其未有取；取者恩而失者怨，故上礼不免攘臂。本站以王弼《老子注》为底本，分列河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英义疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、严遵指归、李荣注、陆希声传、吕惠卿传、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》与王夫之《老子衍》，并附编者今译。俞樾《诸子平议》此章未列。", "guide": "點擊任一句可展開句注；點擊字詞可看本句訓釋；按「諸家並觀」可將同一句的舊注並列對讀，本章十三家舊注。河上公、王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、嚴遵、李榮、蘇轍、吳澄逐句或分段分疏；陸希聲、呂惠卿、憨山各以整章一段通釋，本站按文義分條；魏源以章次校記與章末引說、王夫之以整章衍文。河上公題「忘知」；吳澄以此章為其第四十章，正文作「無為而無不為矣」；魏源以此章為其第四十一章；憨山正文作「故取天下常以無事，乃其有事」。俞樾《諸子平議》此章未列。", "guideSimp": "点击任一句可展开句注；点击字词可看本句训释；按「诸家并观」可将同一句的旧注并列对读，本章十三家旧注。河上公、王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、严遵、李荣、苏辙、吴澄逐句或分段分疏；陆希声、吕惠卿、憨山各以整章一段通释，本站按文义分条；魏源以章次校记与章末引说、王夫之以整章衍文。河上公题「忘知」；吴澄以此章为其第四十章，正文作「无为而无不为矣」；魏源以此章为其第四十一章；憨山正文作「故取天下常以无事，乃其有事」。俞樾《诸子平议》此章未列。", "slug": "48", "order": 48, "status": "published", "revision": "初校", "review": "待复核", "updated": "2026-10-30", "summary": "全章五句：首二句以「為學日益」與「為道日損」對舉；第三句言損之又損以至無為；第四句言無為而無不為；末二句言取天下常以無事、有事則不足以取天下。河上公以政教禮樂之學為俗學，情欲文飾日以益多；自然之道則情欲文飾日以消損；損情欲又損之，漸去以至於恬然如嬰兒、無所造為；情欲斷絕、德與道合，則無所不施、無所不為；取為治，治天下常當以無事，好有事則政教煩而民不安。王弼以務進所能、益其所習為學，務反虛無為道；有為則有所失，故無為乃無所不為；動常因，故取天下常以無事；自已造則失統本，故不足以取天下。成玄英以俗學銳情分別、累欲日增；修道虛夷恬淡，智德漸明而累惑日損；前損損有、後損損無，二偏雙遣以至於一中之無為；至寂而動、即體而用，故無所不為；取為攝化，雖應物施為而心未嘗有事，以事為事則不足以攝化。唐玄宗御注以益見聞為修學之漸、損功行為悟道之門；因益積功、忘功體道；損功行而兼忘欲損之心則泊然無為；絕德與道合則無所不施；無為無事則天下歸懷；有事則煩勞凋弊，不足以取天下。御疏以人君善教則天下應之以善，不煩出戶而天下可知；天人相應、精氣交通，人君為政以德則象緯不迷；前損忘迹、後損忘心，心迹俱忘可為造極；有為則有礙，無為則無礙，故能無所不為；取猶攝化，無事則下人不擾、無為則百姓自安；政令煩苛、禁網凝密則百姓不安、四方離散。嚴遵《玄德纂疏》卷十三存輯文一條，以去知為道，不知之知為知之祖、不教之教為教之宗、神明所因、天地之師。李榮以增卷軸、長見聞、利名聲、加嗜欲為學；文理雙忘、物我同遣為道；捨有歸無為損，有去無忘為又損，理冥真寂為至無為；無為非兀然拱手，無為而無不為非無為也，寂動俱息；以無為攝天下則無有不可，以有事取天下則無有得可。陸希聲以博聞多識、通理為日益，秉要執本、簡事為日損，學之日益實資道之日損；損在漸、不可頓去，損之至乎無為則能無不為；有為有事則民勞而叛，無為無事則民逸而歸，取天下在得人心。呂惠卿以未聞道而求之為益，已聞道而期於無為為損；并其損之者而損，然後至於無為；無為者無有，而無不為者乃所以並無其無；取天下常以無事，觀莊周應帝王可知。蘇轍以不知道而務學、聞見日多而無以一之為學；去妄復性為道，去妄之心猶存，兼忘此心則純性無餘；兼忘去妄之心則無所不為而不失無為；造事而求則物惡之而終不可得，聖人無為無事而天下歸之。吳澄以患寡務博為日益，自有反無為日損；減損有為之事，損之又損至無可損則無為；一事不為，故能事事無不為；無事即無為，德盛自歸，必用智力則不足取天下。憨山以增長知見為學，克去情欲、窮形泯智為道；初以智去情，情忘則智亦泯，心境兩忘、私欲淨盡；我無為而民自化，由無為而後可以大有為，故無不為；取天下貴常以無事，有事則有欲而民擾。魏源以此章為其第四十一章，校傅奕兩「日」上各有「者」字、「無為則無不為」、「將欲取天下者」、河上「損之又損之」多一「之」字、「不足」作「不可」等異文，並引李氏嘉謨、焦竑、吳澄、羅什諸說。王夫之以損於有者益於無，去其所取、全其未有取；賓百為而天下來賓；取者恩而失者怨，上禮不免攘臂。河上公五注、王弼四注、成玄英五注、唐玄宗御注御疏十注、嚴遵一注、李榮四注、陸希聲三注、呂惠卿二注、蘇轍四注、吳澄三注、憨山二注、魏源三注、王夫之一注；俞樾《諸子平議》此章未列，故十三家。河上公題「忘知第四十八」，《玄德纂疏》卷十三、呂惠卿、蘇轍題「為學日益章第四十八」，王弼本無章題；吳澄以此章自為其第四十章，正文作「無為而無不為矣」「取天下者常以無事」；魏源以此章為其第四十一章；嚴遵本無章題，此章自為一篇。諸本異文：傅奕兩「日」上各有「者」字，又作「無為則無不為」「將欲取天下者」「又不足以」；河上「損之又損之」多一「之」字，「不足」作「不可」；吳澄「無為而無不為矣」，取天下句作「取天下者常以無事」；憨山作「故取天下常以無事，乃其有事」；並見校記。", "summarySimp": "全章五句：首二句以「为学日益」与「为道日损」对举；第三句言损之又损以至无为；第四句言无为而无不为；末二句言取天下常以无事、有事则不足以取天下。河上公以政教礼乐之学为俗学，情欲文饰日以益多；自然之道则情欲文饰日以消损；损情欲又损之，渐去以至于恬然如婴儿、无所造为；情欲断绝、德与道合，则无所不施、无所不为；取为治，治天下常当以无事，好有事则政教烦而民不安。王弼以务进所能、益其所习为学，务反虚无为道；有为则有所失，故无为乃无所不为；动常因，故取天下常以无事；自已造则失统本，故不足以取天下。成玄英以俗学锐情分别、累欲日增；修道虚夷恬淡，智德渐明而累惑日损；前损损有、后损损无，二偏双遣以至于一中之无为；至寂而动、即体而用，故无所不为；取为摄化，虽应物施为而心未尝有事，以事为事则不足以摄化。唐玄宗御注以益见闻为修学之渐、损功行为悟道之门；因益积功、忘功体道；损功行而兼忘欲损之心则泊然无为；绝德与道合则无所不施；无为无事则天下归怀；有事则烦劳凋弊，不足以取天下。御疏以人君善教则天下应之以善，不烦出户而天下可知；天人相应、精气交通，人君为政以德则象纬不迷；前损忘迹、后损忘心，心迹俱忘可为造极；有为则有碍，无为则无碍，故能无所不为；取犹摄化，无事则下人不扰、无为则百姓自安；政令烦苛、禁网凝密则百姓不安、四方离散。严遵《玄德纂疏》卷十三存辑文一条，以去知为道，不知之知为知之祖、不教之教为教之宗、神明所因、天地之师。李荣以增卷轴、长见闻、利名声、加嗜欲为学；文理双忘、物我同遣为道；舍有归无为损，有去无忘为又损，理冥真寂为至无为；无为非兀然拱手，无为而无不为非无为也，寂动俱息；以无为摄天下则无有不可，以有事取天下则无有得可。陆希声以博闻多识、通理为日益，秉要执本、简事为日损，学之日益实资道之日损；损在渐、不可顿去，损之至乎无为则能无不为；有为有事则民劳而叛，无为无事则民逸而归，取天下在得人心。吕惠卿以未闻道而求之为益，已闻道而期于无为为损；并其损之者而损，然后至于无为；无为者无有，而无不为者乃所以并无其无；取天下常以无事，观庄周应帝王可知。苏辙以不知道而务学、闻见日多而无以一之为学；去妄复性为道，去妄之心犹存，兼忘此心则纯性无余；兼忘去妄之心则无所不为而不失无为；造事而求则物恶之而终不可得，圣人无为无事而天下归之。吴澄以患寡务博为日益，自有反无为日损；减损有为之事，损之又损至无可损则无为；一事不为，故能事事无不为；无事即无为，德盛自归，必用智力则不足取天下。憨山以增长知见为学，克去情欲、穷形泯智为道；初以智去情，情忘则智亦泯，心境两忘、私欲净尽；我无为而民自化，由无为而后可以大有为，故无不为；取天下贵常以无事，有事则有欲而民扰。魏源以此章为其第四十一章，校傅奕两「日」上各有「者」字、「无为则无不为」、「将欲取天下者」、河上「损之又损之」多一「之」字、「不足」作「不可」等异文，并引李氏嘉谟、焦竑、吴澄、罗什诸说。王夫之以损于有者益于无，去其所取、全其未有取；宾百为而天下来宾；取者恩而失者怨，上礼不免攘臂。河上公五注、王弼四注、成玄英五注、唐玄宗御注御疏十注、严遵一注、李荣四注、陆希声三注、吕惠卿二注、苏辙四注、吴澄三注、憨山二注、魏源三注、王夫之一注；俞樾《诸子平议》此章未列，故十三家。河上公题「忘知第四十八」，《玄德纂疏》卷十三、吕惠卿、苏辙题「为学日益章第四十八」，王弼本无章题；吴澄以此章自为其第四十章，正文作「无为而无不为矣」「取天下者常以无事」；魏源以此章为其第四十一章；严遵本无章题，此章自为一篇。诸本异文：傅奕两「日」上各有「者」字，又作「无为则无不为」「将欲取天下者」「又不足以」；河上「损之又损之」多一「之」字，「不足」作「不可」；吴澄「无为而无不为矣」，取天下句作「取天下者常以无事」；憨山作「故取天下常以无事，乃其有事」；并见校记。", "dataFile": "data/chapters/laozi-48.json", "relationsFile": "data/commentary-relations-laozi-48.json", "url": "/laozi/48/", "volumeId": "dejing", "volumeTitle": "德經", "volumeTitleSimp": "德经", "orderLabel": "第四十八" }, "edition": { "base": "王弼《老子注》", "baseEdition": "王弼《老子注》通行本", "separation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》、王弼《老子道德經注》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、嚴遵《道德真經指歸》、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》、王夫之《老子衍》諸本對校；河上公此章據四部叢刊本，成玄英、唐玄宗御注御疏、李榮、嚴遵此章據《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引", "punctuation": "數字轉錄所附現代標點，本站僅作閱讀輔助，尚未逐字復核原刻", "digital": "中華典藏網、識典古籍、大道家園公開轉錄、Kanripo 漢籍全文資料庫（僅作文字底本）", "caution": "王弼底本作「為學日益，為道日損。損之又損，以至於無為。無為而無不為。取天下常以無事，及其有事，不足以取天下」，五句；河上公題「忘知第四十八」，《玄德纂疏》卷十三、呂惠卿、蘇轍題「為學日益章第四十八」；吳澄以此章為其第四十章，正文作「無為而無不為矣」「取天下者常以無事」；魏源以此章為其第四十一章；憨山正文作「故取天下常以無事，乃其有事」。諸本異文：傅奕兩「日」上各有「者」字，「無為而無不為」作「無為則無不為」，「取天下」上有「將欲」、下有「者」，「不足」作「又不足以」；河上「損之又損」下有「之」字，「不足」作「不可」。正文從王弼本，異文見校記。", "baseSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "baseEditionSimp": "王弼《老子注》通行本", "separationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》、王弼《老子道德经注》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、严遵《道德真经指归》、李荣《道德真经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》、王夫之《老子衍》诸本对校；河上公此章据四部丛刊本，成玄英、唐玄宗御注御疏、李荣、严遵此章据《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引", "punctuationSimp": "数字转录所附现代标点，本站仅作阅读辅助，尚未逐字复核原刻", "digitalSimp": "中华典藏网、识典古籍、大道家园公开转录、Kanripo 汉籍全文资料库（仅作文字底本）", "cautionSimp": "王弼底本作「为学日益，为道日损。损之又损，以至于无为。无为而无不为。取天下常以无事，及其有事，不足以取天下」，五句；河上公题「忘知第四十八」，《玄德纂疏》卷十三、吕惠卿、苏辙题「为学日益章第四十八」；吴澄以此章为其第四十章，正文作「无为而无不为矣」「取天下者常以无事」；魏源以此章为其第四十一章；憨山正文作「故取天下常以无事，乃其有事」。诸本异文：傅奕两「日」上各有「者」字，「无为而无不为」作「无为则无不为」，「取天下」上有「将欲」、下有「者」，「不足」作「又不足以」；河上「损之又损」下有「之」字，「不足」作「不可」。正文从王弼本，异文见校记。" }, "license": { "historical": "公有領域", "translation": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "code": "MIT" }, "stats": { "sentences": 5, "commentaries": 47, "charNotes": 12, "collations": 7 } }, "sources": [ { "id": "heshanggong", "name": "河上公章句", "short": "河上公", "author": "河上公", "work": "老子道德經章句", "era": "漢", "years": "傳漢文帝時", "color": "#a3542c", "desc": "分章句解，兼重治身與治國；此章題「忘知第四十八」，以政教禮樂之學為俗學，情欲文飾日以益多；自然之道則情欲文飾日以消損；損情欲又損之，漸去以至於恬然如嬰兒、無所造為；情欲斷絕、德與道合，則無所不施、無所不為；取為治，治天下常當以無事，好有事則政教煩而民不安。此章據四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引；注五條。", "count": 5, "nameSimp": "河上公章句", "workSimp": "老子道德经章句", "authorSimp": "河上公", "eraSimp": "汉", "yearsSimp": "传汉文帝时", "descSimp": "分章句解，兼重治身与治国；此章题「忘知第四十八」，以政教礼乐之学为俗学，情欲文饰日以益多；自然之道则情欲文饰日以消损；损情欲又损之，渐去以至于恬然如婴儿、无所造为；情欲断绝、德与道合，则无所不施、无所不为；取为治，治天下常当以无事，好有事则政教烦而民不安。此章据四部丛刊本，参校《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引；注五条。", "shortSimp": "河上公" }, { "id": "wangbi", "name": "王弼注", "short": "王注", "author": "王弼", "work": "老子道德經注", "era": "曹魏", "years": "226–249", "color": "#8c5a2b", "desc": "以崇本息末為宗；此章注四條，以務進所能、益其所習為學，務欲反虛無為道；有為則有所失，故無為乃無所不為；動常因，故取天下常以無事；自已造則失統本，故不足以取天下。此章注據《道藏》本王弼《老子注》。", "count": 4, "nameSimp": "王弼注", "workSimp": "老子道德经注", "authorSimp": "王弼", "eraSimp": "曹魏", "yearsSimp": "226–249", "descSimp": "以崇本息末为宗；此章注四条，以务进所能、益其所习为学，务欲反虚无为道；有为则有所失，故无为乃无所不为；动常因，故取天下常以无事；自已造则失统本，故不足以取天下。此章注据《道藏》本王弼《老子注》。", "shortSimp": "王注" }, { "id": "chengxuanying", "name": "成玄英疏", "short": "成疏", "author": "成玄英", "work": "老子道德經義疏", "era": "唐", "years": "約 608–669", "color": "#6b7a4a", "desc": "以重玄雙遣為宗；此章《玄德纂疏》卷十三存義疏，以俗學銳情分別、累欲日增，修道虛夷恬淡、智德漸明而累惑日損；前損損有、後損損無，二偏雙遣，以至於一中之無為；至寂而動、即體而用，故無所不為；取為攝化，雖應物施為而心未嘗有事；心未虛忘而以事為事，則不足以攝化天下。注五條。", "count": 5, "nameSimp": "成玄英疏", "workSimp": "老子道德经义疏", "authorSimp": "成玄英", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "约 608–669", "descSimp": "以重玄双遣为宗；此章《玄德纂疏》卷十三存义疏，以俗学锐情分别、累欲日增，修道虚夷恬淡、智德渐明而累惑日损；前损损有、后损损无，二偏双遣，以至于一中之无为；至寂而动、即体而用，故无所不为；取为摄化，虽应物施为而心未尝有事；心未虚忘而以事为事，则不足以摄化天下。注五条。", "shortSimp": "成疏" }, { "id": "tangxuanzong", "name": "唐玄宗御注御疏", "short": "御注", "author": "李隆基", "work": "道德真經注疏", "era": "唐", "years": "685–762", "color": "#9b3d3d", "desc": "帝王御注，兼採諸家；御注以益見聞為修學之漸、損功行為悟道之門；損功行而兼忘欲損之心，則泊然無為、鏡象無不應；絕德與道合則無所不施；無為無事則天下歸懷，有事煩勞則凋弊。御疏以前損忘迹、後損忘心，心迹俱忘為造極；有為有礙則有所不為，無為無礙故無所不為；政令煩苛、禁網凝密則百姓不安、四方離散。注十條，御注五條、御疏五條。", "count": 10, "nameSimp": "唐玄宗御注御疏", "workSimp": "道德真经注疏", "authorSimp": "李隆基", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "685–762", "descSimp": "帝王御注，兼采诸家；御注以益见闻为修学之渐、损功行为悟道之门；损功行而兼忘欲损之心，则泊然无为、镜象无不应；绝德与道合则无所不施；无为无事则天下归怀，有事烦劳则凋弊。御疏以前损忘迹、后损忘心，心迹俱忘为造极；有为有碍则有所不为，无为无碍故无所不为；政令烦苛、禁网凝密则百姓不安、四方离散。注十条，御注五条、御疏五条。", "shortSimp": "御注" }, { "id": "yanzun", "name": "嚴遵指歸", "short": "嚴指歸", "author": "嚴遵", "work": "道德真經指歸", "era": "漢", "years": "約前 83–10", "color": "#7a5c3e", "desc": "以「自然」「太和」立說；此章《玄德纂疏》卷十三存輯文一條，以去知為說，謂不知之知為知之祖、不教之教為教之宗、神明所因、天地之師；嚴遵本無章題，此章自為一篇。輯文一條。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "严遵指归", "workSimp": "道德真经指归", "authorSimp": "严遵", "eraSimp": "汉", "yearsSimp": "约前 83–10", "descSimp": "以「自然」「太和」立说；此章《玄德纂疏》卷十三存辑文一条，以去知为说，谓不知之知为知之祖、不教之教为教之宗、神明所因、天地之师；严遵本无章题，此章自为一篇。辑文一条。", "shortSimp": "严指归" }, { "id": "lirong", "name": "李榮注", "short": "李注", "author": "李榮", "work": "道德真經注", "era": "唐", "years": "生卒不詳", "color": "#4f6b7a", "desc": "唐初道士，以重玄遣執解《老》；此章《玄德纂疏》卷十三存注，以增卷軸、長見聞、利名聲、加嗜欲為學，以文理雙忘、物我同遣為道；捨有歸無、有去無忘為再損；無為非兀然拱手，乃寂動俱息；取天下以無為則皆可，以有事則皆不可。注四條。", "count": 4, "nameSimp": "李荣注", "workSimp": "道德真经注", "authorSimp": "李荣", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "生卒不详", "descSimp": "唐初道士，以重玄遣执解《老》；此章《玄德纂疏》卷十三存注，以增卷轴、长见闻、利名声、加嗜欲为学，以文理双忘、物我同遣为道；舍有归无、有去无忘为再损；无为非兀然拱手，乃寂动俱息；取天下以无为则皆可，以有事则皆不可。注四条。", "shortSimp": "李注" }, { "id": "luxisheng", "name": "陸希聲傳", "short": "陸傳", "author": "陸希聲", "work": "道德經傳", "era": "唐", "years": "？–895", "color": "#6a5a7a", "desc": "以情性說道器；此章整章一傳，以博聞多識通理為日益，秉要執本簡事為日損；理明則事定，學之日益實資道之日損；損在漸不可頓去，損之至乎無為則能無不為；有為有事則民勞而叛，無為無事則民逸而歸，故取天下在得人心。此傳據《道藏》本，本站按文義分三條。", "count": 3, "nameSimp": "陆希声传", "workSimp": "道德经传", "authorSimp": "陆希声", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "？–895", "descSimp": "以情性说道器；此章整章一传，以博闻多识通理为日益，秉要执本简事为日损；理明则事定，学之日益实资道之日损；损在渐不可顿去，损之至乎无为则能无不为；有为有事则民劳而叛，无为无事则民逸而归，故取天下在得人心。此传据《道藏》本，本站按文义分三条。", "shortSimp": "陆传" }, { "id": "lvhuiqing", "name": "呂惠卿傳", "short": "呂傳", "author": "呂惠卿", "work": "道德真經傳", "era": "北宋", "years": "1032–1111", "color": "#7a6a4a", "desc": "此章整章一傳，以未聞道而求之為益，已聞道而期於无為為損；損之者未免乎有為，并其損之者而損，然後至於无為；无為者无有，无无不為者乃所以无无；取天下常以无事，觀莊周應帝王可知。底本多用「无」字。此傳據《道藏》本，本站按文義分二條。", "count": 2, "nameSimp": "吕惠卿传", "workSimp": "道德真经传", "authorSimp": "吕惠卿", "eraSimp": "北宋", "yearsSimp": "1032–1111", "descSimp": "此章整章一传，以未闻道而求之为益，已闻道而期于无为为损；损之者未免乎有为，并其损之者而损，然后至于无为；无为者无有，无不为者乃所以无；取天下常以无事，观庄周应帝王可知。底本多用「无」字。此传据《道藏》本，本站按文义分二条。", "shortSimp": "吕传" }, { "id": "suzhe", "name": "蘇轍老子解", "short": "蘇解", "author": "蘇轍", "work": "老子解", "era": "北宋", "years": "1039–1112", "color": "#4a6a6a", "desc": "此章注四條，以不知道而務學、聞見日多而無以一之為學，去妄復性為道；去妄之心猶存，兼忘此心則純性無餘，無所不為而不失無為；人皆有欲取天下之心，造事而求則物惡之而終不可得，聖人無為無事而天下歸之。此章解據《道藏》本。", "count": 4, "nameSimp": "苏辙老子解", "workSimp": "老子解", "authorSimp": "苏辙", "eraSimp": "北宋", "yearsSimp": "1039–1112", "descSimp": "此章注四条，以不知道而务学、闻见日多而无以一之为学，去妄复性为道；去妄之心犹存，兼忘此心则纯性无余，无所不为而不失无为；人皆有欲取天下之心，造事而求则物恶之而终不可得，圣人无为无事而天下归之。此章解据《道藏》本。", "shortSimp": "苏解" }, { "id": "wucheng", "name": "吳澄道德真經注", "short": "吳注", "author": "吳澄", "work": "道德真經注", "era": "元", "years": "1249–1333", "color": "#5a6a3a", "desc": "此章自為其第四十章；以患寡務博為日益，自有反無為日損；損之又損至無可損則無為，一事不為故能事事無不為；取天下止是無為，德盛自歸，必用智力則不足取天下。底本正文作「無為而無不為矣」「取天下者常以無事」。注三條。", "count": 3, "nameSimp": "吴澄道德真经注", "workSimp": "道德真经注", "authorSimp": "吴澄", "eraSimp": "元", "yearsSimp": "1249–1333", "descSimp": "此章自为其第四十章；以患寡务博为日益，自有反无为日损；损之又损至无可损则无为，一事不为故能事事无不为；取天下止是无为，德盛自归，必用智力则不足取天下。底本正文作「无为而无不为矣」「取天下者常以无事」。注三条。", "shortSimp": "吴注" }, { "id": "hanshan", "name": "憨山道德經解", "short": "憨山", "author": "釋德清", "work": "道德經解", "era": "明", "years": "1546–1623", "color": "#705a4a", "desc": "此章整章一解，以增長知見為學、克去情欲為道；初以智去情，情忘則智亦泯，心境兩忘、私欲淨盡，至於無為而無不為；取天下貴常以無事，有事則有欲而民擾。本站按文義分二條。", "count": 2, "nameSimp": "憨山道德经解", "workSimp": "道德经解", "authorSimp": "释德清", "eraSimp": "明", "yearsSimp": "1546–1623", "descSimp": "此章整章一解，以增长知见为学、克去情欲为道；初以智去情，情忘则智亦泯，心境两忘、私欲净尽，至于无为而无不为；取天下贵常以无事，有事则有欲而民扰。本站按文义分二条。", "shortSimp": "憨山" }, { "id": "weiyuan", "name": "魏源老子本義", "short": "魏本義", "author": "魏源", "work": "老子本義", "era": "清", "years": "1794–1857", "color": "#3d5a6a", "desc": "清儒治《老》，重校勘與通義；此章為其第四十一章，校傅奕兩「日」上各有「者」字、「無為則無不為」、「將欲取天下者」、「又不足以取天下矣」，河上「損之又損之」、「不足」作「不可」，王弼無「故」「者」二字；章末引李氏嘉謨、焦竑、吳澄、羅什諸說。校記與引說三條。", "count": 3, "nameSimp": "魏源老子本义", "workSimp": "老子本义", "authorSimp": "魏源", "eraSimp": "清", "yearsSimp": "1794–1857", "descSimp": "清儒治《老》，重校勘与通义；此章为其第四十一章，校傅奕两「日」上各有「者」字、「无为则无不为」、「将欲取天下者」、「又不足以取天下矣」，河上「损之又损之」、「不足」作「不可」，王弼无「故」「者」二字；章末引李氏嘉谟、焦竑、吴澄、罗什诸说。校记与引说三条。", "shortSimp": "魏本义" }, { "id": "wangfuzhi", "name": "船山衍", "short": "船山", "author": "王夫之", "work": "老子衍", "era": "清", "years": "1619–1692", "color": "#3f5d52", "desc": "此章衍文一段，以損於有者益於無，去其所取、全其未有取；未有取則未有失，故賓百為而天下來賓；取者恩而失者怨，上禮不免攘臂。衍一條。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "船山衍", "workSimp": "老子衍", "authorSimp": "王夫之", "eraSimp": "清", "yearsSimp": "1619–1692", "descSimp": "此章衍文一段，以损于有者益于无，去其所取、全其未有取；未有取则未有失，故宾百为而天下来宾；取者恩而失者怨，上礼不免攘臂。衍一条。", "shortSimp": "船山" }, { "id": "translator", "name": "本站今譯", "short": "今譯", "author": "LibreBook 編者", "work": "今譯", "era": "當代", "years": "", "color": "#8a8a8a", "desc": "編者據舊注與上下文所作語體今譯，供閱讀參照。", "count": 5, "nameSimp": "本站今译", "workSimp": "今译", "authorSimp": "LibreBook 编者", "eraSimp": "当代", "yearsSimp": "", "descSimp": "编者据旧注与上下文所作语体今译，供阅读参照。", "shortSimp": "今译" } ], "sentences": [ { "id": "s001", "paragraph": 1, "text": "為學日益，為道日損。", "textSimp": "为学日益，为道日损。", "translation": "修习世俗之学，一天比一天增进；修习大道，一天比一天减损。", "translationTrad": "修習世俗之學，一天比一天增進；修習大道，一天比一天減損。", "noteIds": [ "c001", "c002", "c003", "c004", "c005", "c006", "c007", "c008", "c009", "c010", "c011", "c012", "c013", "c014", "c015", "c016" ], "noteCount": 16, "charNoteIds": [ "n001", "n002", "n003", "n004" ], "key": "laozi-48:s001", "n": 1 }, { "id": "s002", "paragraph": 1, "text": "損之又損，以至於無為。", "textSimp": "损之又损，以至于无为。", "translation": "减损又再减损，以至于无所造作。", "translationTrad": "減損又再減損，以至於無所造作。", "noteIds": [ "c017", "c018", "c019", "c020", "c021", "c022", "c009", "c023", "c024", "c013", "c014", "c015", "c016" ], "noteCount": 13, "charNoteIds": [ "n005", "n006" ], "key": "laozi-48:s002", "n": 2 }, { "id": "s003", "paragraph": 1, "text": "無為而無不為。", "textSimp": "无为而无不为。", "translation": "无所造作，却没有什么不能成就。", "translationTrad": "無所造作，卻沒有什麼不能成就。", "noteIds": [ "c047", "c025", "c026", "c019", "c027", "c028", "c029", "c022", "c009", "c023", "c024", "c013", "c014", "c015", "c016" ], "noteCount": 15, "charNoteIds": [ "n007", "n008" ], "key": "laozi-48:s003", "n": 3 }, { "id": "s004", "paragraph": 1, "text": "取天下常以無事。", "textSimp": "取天下常以无事。", "translation": "治理天下，常以不扰烦、不造事为本。", "translationTrad": "治理天下，常以不擾煩、不造事為本。", "noteIds": [ "c030", "c031", "c032", "c033", "c034", "c035", "c036", "c037", "c038", "c039", "c040", "c015", "c041", "c016" ], "noteCount": 14, "charNoteIds": [ "n009", "n010" ], "key": "laozi-48:s004", "n": 4 }, { "id": "s005", "paragraph": 1, "text": "及其有事，不足以取天下。", "textSimp": "及其有事，不足以取天下。", "translation": "到了政令烦苛、有所造事，就不足以治理天下了。", "translationTrad": "到了政令煩苛、有所造事，就不足以治理天下了。", "noteIds": [ "c042", "c043", "c044", "c045", "c046", "c035", "c036", "c037", "c038", "c039", "c040", "c015", "c041", "c016" ], "noteCount": 14, "charNoteIds": [ "n011", "n012" ], "key": "laozi-48:s005", "n": 5 } ], "commentaries": [ { "id": "c001", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "為學日益，為道日損", "kind": "note", "text": "為學日益，謂政教禮樂之學也。日益者，情欲文飾日以益多也。為道日損，道謂自然之道；日損者，情欲文飾日以消損也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）", "textSimp": "为学日益，谓政教礼乐之学也。日益者，情欲文饰日以益多也。为道日损，道谓自然之道；日损者，情欲文饰日以消损也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）", "lemmaSimp": "为学日益，为道日损" }, { "id": "c002", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "為學日益，為道日損", "kind": "note", "text": "務欲進其所能，益其所習。務欲反虛無也。", "authorNote": "王弼此章注據《道藏》本。", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "务欲进其所能，益其所习。务欲反虚无也。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）（王弼此章注據《道藏》本。）", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》（《道藏》本）", "authorNoteSimp": "王弼此章注据《道藏》本。", "lemmaSimp": "为学日益，为道日损" }, { "id": "c003", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "為學日益，為道日損", "kind": "note", "text": "為學日益，為修營也。學，俗學也。言修世俗學之人，銳情分別，故累欲日增也。為道日損，為道猶修道也。言修道之人，虛夷恬淡，所以智德漸明，累惑日損也。", "authorNote": "成玄英此章疏據《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引。", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）", "textSimp": "为学日益，为修营也。学，俗学也。言修世俗学之人，锐情分别，故累欲日增也。为道日损，为道犹修道也。言修道之人，虚夷恬淡，所以智德渐明，累惑日损也。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）（成玄英此章疏據《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引。）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "成玄英此章疏据《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引。", "lemmaSimp": "为学日益，为道日损" }, { "id": "c004", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "為學日益，為道日損", "kind": "note", "text": "為學者日益見聞，為道者日損功行。益見聞，為修學之漸；損功行，為悟道之門。是故因益以積功，忘功而體道矣。", "authorNote": "此為御注。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "为学者日益见闻，为道者日损功行。益见闻，为修学之渐；损功行，为悟道之门。是故因益以积功，忘功而体道矣。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引御注御疏）（此為御注。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注。", "lemmaSimp": "为学日益，为道日损" }, { "id": "c005", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "為學日益，為道日損", "kind": "note", "text": "為，修為也；損，忘損也。言初修學者，日求聞見以為益；因益為道，則忘遺功行以為損。所以者何？夫為學者，無不初則因學以知道、修功而補過，終則悟理而忘言、遺功而去執。故注云：益聞見為修學之漸，蓋言其初；損功行為悟道之門，蓋言其終也。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "为，修为也；损，忘损也。言初修学者，日求闻见以为益；因益为道，则忘遗功行以为损。所以者何？夫为学者，无不初则因学以知道、修功而补过，终则悟理而忘言、遗功而去执。故注云：益闻见为修学之渐，盖言其初；损功行为悟道之门，盖言其终也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "为学日益，为道日损" }, { "id": "c006", "block": 0, "source": "yanzun", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "為學日益，為道日損", "kind": "note", "text": "去知也。不知之知，知之祖也；不教之教，教之宗也；神明所因，天地之師也。", "authorNote": "嚴遵此章輯文據《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引，引文有節略。", "citation": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引輯文）", "textSimp": "去知也。不知之知，知之祖也；不教之教，教之宗也；神明所因，天地之师也。", "citationFull": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引輯文）（嚴遵此章輯文據《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引，引文有節略。）", "citationSimp": "严遵《道德真经指归》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引辑文）", "authorNoteSimp": "严遵此章辑文据《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引，引文有节略。", "lemmaSimp": "为学日益，为道日损" }, { "id": "c007", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "為學日益，為道日損", "kind": "note", "text": "為學日益，增之以卷軸，長之以見聞，利之以名聲，加之以嗜欲也。為道日損，行不言之教，文理雙忘，體虛玄之道，物我同遣。為無為則百為兼喪，事無事則萬事都損，豈唯驕盈奢侈也？", "authorNote": "李榮此章注據《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引。", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）", "textSimp": "为学日益，增之以卷轴，长之以见闻，利之以名声，加之以嗜欲也。为道日损，行不言之教，文理双忘，体虚玄之道，物我同遣。为无为则百为兼丧，事无事则万事都损，岂唯骄盈奢侈也？", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）（李榮此章注據《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引。）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "李荣此章注据《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引。", "lemmaSimp": "为学日益，为道日损" }, { "id": "c008", "block": 0, "source": "luxisheng", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "為學日益，為道日損", "kind": "note", "text": "夫為學者，博聞多識以通於理，故日益；為道者，秉要執本以簡於事，故日損。夫理明則事定，故學之日益，實資道之日損也。", "authorNote": "陸希聲此章傳據《道藏》本；此傳整章通釋，今按文義分條。", "citation": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "夫为学者，博闻多识以通于理，故日益；为道者，秉要执本以简于事，故日损。夫理明则事定，故学之日益，实资道之日损也。", "citationFull": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本）（陸希聲此章傳據《道藏》本；此傳整章通釋，今按文義分條。）", "citationSimp": "陆希声《道德经传》（《道藏》本）", "authorNoteSimp": "陆希声此章传据《道藏》本；此传整章通释，今按文义分条。", "lemmaSimp": "为学日益，为道日损" }, { "id": "c009", "block": 0, "source": "lvhuiqing", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "為學日益……以至於无為", "kind": "note", "text": "為學者，未聞道者也。未聞道而求之，則不得不摶，故曰益。為道者，已聞道者也；已聞道者而為之，則期至於无為而已，故曰損。而損之者，未免乎有為也；并其損之者而損焉，而後至於无為。无為者，无有而已；无不為者，乃所以无无也。此之謂絕學无憂；无憂之謂神，神也者，物物而非物者也。", "authorNote": "呂惠卿此章傳據《道藏》本；此傳整章通釋，今按文義分條；底本多用「无」字，此存其舊。", "citation": "呂惠卿《道德真經傳》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "为学者，未闻道者也。未闻道而求之，则不得不抟，故曰益。为道者，已闻道者也；已闻道者而为之，则期至于无为而已，故曰损。而损之者，未免乎有为也；并其损之者而损焉，而后至于无为。无为者，无有而已；无不为者，乃所以无也。此之谓绝学无忧；无忧之谓神，神也者，物物而非物者也。", "citationFull": "呂惠卿《道德真經傳》（《道藏》本）（呂惠卿此章傳據《道藏》本；此傳整章通釋，今按文義分條；底本多用「无」字，此存其舊。）", "citationSimp": "吕惠卿《道德真经传》（《道藏》本）", "authorNoteSimp": "吕惠卿此章传据《道藏》本；此传整章通释，今按文义分条；底本多用「无」字，此存其旧。", "lemmaSimp": "为学日益……以至于无为" }, { "id": "c010", "block": 0, "source": "suzhe", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "為學日益", "kind": "note", "text": "不知道而務學，聞見日多而無以一之，未免為學者也。孔子曰：多聞，擇其善者而從之；多見而識之，知之次也。", "authorNote": "蘇轍此章解據《道藏》本。", "citation": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "不知道而务学，闻见日多而无以一之，未免为学者也。孔子曰：多闻，择其善者而从之；多见而识之，知之次也。", "citationFull": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本）（蘇轍此章解據《道藏》本。）", "citationSimp": "苏辙《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "authorNoteSimp": "苏辙此章解据《道藏》本。", "lemmaSimp": "为学日益" }, { "id": "c011", "block": 0, "source": "suzhe", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "為道日損", "kind": "note", "text": "苟一日知道，顧視萬物，無一非妄；去妄以求復性，而性實無幾。孔子謂子貢曰：賜也，女以予為多學而識之者歟？曰：然，非歟？曰：非也，予一以貫之。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "苟一日知道，顾视万物，无一非妄；去妄以求复性，而性实无几。孔子谓子贡曰：赐也，女以予为多学而识之者欤？曰：然，非欤？曰：非也，予一以贯之。", "citationFull": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "苏辙《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "为道日损" }, { "id": "c012", "block": 0, "source": "wucheng", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "為學日益，為道日損", "kind": "note", "text": "為學者患寡而務博，故日日有所增益；為道者自有而反無，故日日有所減損。", "authorNote": "吳澄此章注據《道藏》本；吳澄以此章為其第四十章。", "citation": "吳澄《道德真經注》", "textSimp": "为学者患寡而务博，故日日有所增益；为道者自有而反无，故日日有所减损。", "citationFull": "吳澄《道德真經注》（吳澄此章注據《道藏》本；吳澄以此章為其第四十章。）", "citationSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》", "authorNoteSimp": "吴澄此章注据《道藏》本；吴澄以此章为其第四十章。", "lemmaSimp": "为学日益，为道日损" }, { "id": "c013", "block": 0, "source": "hanshan", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "為學日益……無為而無不為", "kind": "note", "text": "此承上言无為之德，由日損之功而至也。為學者，增長知見，故日益；為道者，克去情欲，窮形泯智，故日損。初以智去情，可謂損矣；情忘則智亦泯，故又損。如此則心境兩忘，私欲淨盡，可至於无為。所謂我无為而民自化；民果化，則无不可為之事矣。此由无為而後可以大有為，故无不為。", "authorNote": "憨山此章解據公開轉錄本；此解整章通釋，今按文義分條；底本多用「无」字。", "citation": "釋德清《道德經解》", "textSimp": "此承上言无为之德，由日损之功而至也。为学者，增长知见，故日益；为道者，克去情欲，穷形泯智，故日损。初以智去情，可谓损矣；情忘则智亦泯，故又损。如此则心境两忘，私欲净尽，可至于无为。所谓我无为而民自化；民果化，则无不可为之事矣。此由无为而后可以大有为，故无不为。", "citationFull": "釋德清《道德經解》（憨山此章解據公開轉錄本；此解整章通釋，今按文義分條；底本多用「无」字。）", "citationSimp": "释德清《道德经解》", "authorNoteSimp": "憨山此章解据公开转录本；此解整章通释，今按文义分条；底本多用「无」字。", "lemmaSimp": "为学日益……无为而无不为" }, { "id": "c014", "block": 0, "source": "weiyuan", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "為學日益……無為而無不為", "kind": "note", "text": "兩「日」上，傅奕各有「者」字；「又損」下，河上有「之」字；「無為而無不為」，傅奕作「無為則無不為」。", "authorNote": "魏源此章校記據《老子本義》下篇；魏源以此章為其第四十一章。", "citation": "魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "两「日」上，傅奕各有「者」字；「又损」下，河上有「之」字；「无为而无不为」，傅奕作「无为则无不为」。", "citationFull": "魏源《老子本義》（魏源此章校記據《老子本義》下篇；魏源以此章為其第四十一章。）", "citationSimp": "魏源《老子本义》", "authorNoteSimp": "魏源此章校记据《老子本义》下篇；魏源以此章为其第四十一章。", "lemmaSimp": "为学日益……无为而无不为" }, { "id": "c015", "block": 0, "source": "weiyuan", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "章末引諸家說", "kind": "note", "text": "李氏嘉謨曰：為學所以求知，故日益；為道所以去妄，故日損。損不極則知不全，故日損者所以為日益也。若損之又損，妄去真全，則無為矣。至於無為，則凡有為未嘗不無；雖取天下而有之，尚猶不見其事；若以有為取之，取一物尚不可得，況於取天下乎？焦氏竑曰：取，猶攝化也；無事即無為也。無為自化，清靜自正，故曰取天下常以無事；為者敗之，執者失之，故曰有事不足以取天下。吳氏澄曰：因言無為無不為之旨，故云即古之取天下者，祇是無為；盛德而人自歸之，必用智力而有作為，何足以取天下哉？羅什曰：損之者，無粗而不遣，遣之至於忘惡，然後無細而不去；去之至於忘善。惡者非也，善者是也；既損其非，又損其是，情欲既斷，是非俱忘，德與道合，至於無為矣。己雖無為，任萬物之自為，故無不為也。", "authorNote": "魏源《老子本義》章末引李氏嘉謨、焦竑、吳澄、羅什諸說；引文有節略。", "citation": "魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "李氏嘉谟曰：为学所以求知，故日益；为道所以去妄，故日损。损不极则知不全，故日损者所以为日益也。若损之又损，妄去真全，则无为矣。至于无为，则凡有为未尝不无；虽取天下而有之，尚犹不见其事；若以有为取之，取一物尚不可得，况于取天下乎？焦氏竑曰：取，犹摄化也；无事即无为也。无为自化，清静自正，故曰取天下常以无事；为者败之，执者失之，故曰有事不足以取天下。吴氏澄曰：因言无为无不为之旨，故云即古之取天下者，祇是无为；盛德而人自归之，必用智力而有作为，何足以取天下哉？罗什曰：损之者，无粗而不遣，遣之至于忘恶，然后无细而不去；去之至于忘善。恶者非也，善者是也；既损其非，又损其是，情欲既断，是非俱忘，德与道合，至于无为矣。己虽无为，任万物之自为，故无不为也。", "citationFull": "魏源《老子本義》（魏源《老子本義》章末引李氏嘉謨、焦竑、吳澄、羅什諸說；引文有節略。）", "citationSimp": "魏源《老子本义》", "authorNoteSimp": "魏源《老子本义》章末引李氏嘉谟、焦竑、吴澄、罗什诸说；引文有节略。", "lemmaSimp": "章末引诸家说" }, { "id": "c016", "block": 0, "source": "wangfuzhi", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "為學日益……不足以取天下", "kind": "note", "text": "損於有者，益於無。去其所取，全其未有取；未有取，則未有失。故賓百為，而天下來賓。猶且詹詹然以前識之得為墨守，則日見益而所失者積矣。故月取明於日，明日生而真月日死。安能舍此無盡藏，以取恩於天下之耳目哉？夫天下無窮，取者恩而失者怨，取者得而失者喪，此上禮之不免於攘臂，而致數輿之無輿也。", "authorNote": "王夫之此章衍文據公開轉錄本；底本正文與王弼本同。", "citation": "王夫之《老子衍》", "textSimp": "损于有者，益于无。去其所取，全其未有取；未有取，则未有失。故宾百为，而天下来宾。犹且詹詹然以前识之得为墨守，则日见益而所失者积矣。故月取明于日，明日生而真月日死。安能舍此无尽藏，以取恩于天下之耳目哉？夫天下无穷，取者恩而失者怨，取者得而失者丧，此上礼之不免于攘臂，而致数舆之无舆也。", "citationFull": "王夫之《老子衍》（王夫之此章衍文據公開轉錄本；底本正文與王弼本同。）", "citationSimp": "王夫之《老子衍》", "authorNoteSimp": "王夫之此章衍文据公开转录本；底本正文与王弼本同。", "lemmaSimp": "为学日益……不足以取天下" }, { "id": "c017", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "損之又損，以至於無為", "kind": "note", "text": "損之又損之，損情欲，又損之，所以漸去之也。以至於無為，當恬然如嬰兒，無所造為也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）", "textSimp": "损之又损之，损情欲，又损之，所以渐去之也。以至于无为，当恬然如婴儿，无所造为也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）", "lemmaSimp": "损之又损，以至于无为" }, { "id": "c018", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "損之又損，以至於無為", "kind": "note", "text": "為學之人執於有欲，為道之士又滯無為，雖復深淺不同，而二俱有患。今欲治此兩執，故有再損之文。既而前損損有，後損損無，二偏雙遣，以至於一中之無為。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）", "textSimp": "为学之人执于有欲，为道之士又滞无为，虽复深浅不同，而二俱有患。今欲治此两执，故有再损之文。既而前损损有，后损损无，二偏双遣，以至于一中之无为。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）", "lemmaSimp": "损之又损，以至于无为" }, { "id": "c019", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "損之又損……無為而無不為", "kind": "note", "text": "為學者積功行，為道者忘損之。雖損功行，尚有欲損之心；兼忘此心，則至於泊然無為。方彼鏡象而無不應，故無不為爾。", "authorNote": "此為御注；此注兼釋「損之又損，以至於無為」「無為而無不為」二句。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "为学者积功行，为道者忘损之。虽损功行，尚有欲损之心；兼忘此心，则至于泊然无为。方彼镜象而无不应，故无不为尔。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引御注御疏）（此為御注；此注兼釋「損之又損，以至於無為」「無為而無不為」二句。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注；此注兼释「损之又损，以至于无为」「无为而无不为」二句。", "lemmaSimp": "损之又损……无为而无不为" }, { "id": "c020", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "損之又損，以至於無為", "kind": "note", "text": "損之者，謂損為道者之功行也；又損之者，謂除忘功行之心也。斯則前損忘迹，後損忘心；心迹俱忘，可為造極；造極則至於無為。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "损之者，谓损为道者之功行也；又损之者，谓除忘功行之心也。斯则前损忘迹，后损忘心；心迹俱忘，可为造极；造极则至于无为。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "损之又损，以至于无为" }, { "id": "c021", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "損之又損，以至於無為", "kind": "note", "text": "捨有歸無，損者也；有去無忘，又損之也。理冥真寂，至無為也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）", "textSimp": "舍有归无，损者也；有去无忘，又损之也。理冥真寂，至无为也。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）", "lemmaSimp": "损之又损，以至于无为" }, { "id": "c022", "block": 0, "source": "luxisheng", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "損之又損……無為而無不為", "kind": "note", "text": "夫濁於亂政，靜之可以徐清，故損之在漸，不可頓去，則損之又損之也；安於弊俗，動之可以徐生，故損之至乎無為，則能無不為矣。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "夫浊于乱政，静之可以徐清，故损之在渐，不可顿去，则损之又损之也；安于弊俗，动之可以徐生，故损之至乎无为，则能无不为矣。", "citationFull": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "陆希声《道德经传》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "损之又损……无为而无不为" }, { "id": "c023", "block": 0, "source": "suzhe", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "損之又損……無為而無不為", "kind": "note", "text": "去妄以求復性，可謂損矣；而去妄之心猶存。及其兼忘此心，純性而無餘，然後無所不為，而不失於無為矣。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "去妄以求复性，可谓损矣；而去妄之心犹存。及其兼忘此心，纯性而无余，然后无所不为，而不失于无为矣。", "citationFull": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "苏辙《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "损之又损……无为而无不为" }, { "id": "c024", "block": 0, "source": "wucheng", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "損之又損……無為而無不為", "kind": "note", "text": "為道者減損其有為之事，損之又損，及損之既盡，而無復有可損，則至於無為也。彼有為者，為一事不過一事，為十事不過十事而已；其未為之事，何啻千萬，不可勝窮，豈能事事而為之哉？惟無為者，一事不為，故能事事無不為也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "吳澄《道德真經注》", "textSimp": "为道者减损其有为之事，损之又损，及损之既尽，而无复有可损，则至于无为也。彼有为者，为一事不过一事，为十事不过十事而已；其未为之事，何啻千万，不可胜穷，岂能事事而为之哉？惟无为者，一事不为，故能事事无不为也。", "citationFull": "吳澄《道德真經注》", "citationSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》", "lemmaSimp": "损之又损……无为而无不为" }, { "id": "c025", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "無為而無不為", "kind": "note", "text": "有為則有所失，故無為乃無所不為也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "有为则有所失，故无为乃无所不为也。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "无为而无不为" }, { "id": "c026", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "無為而無不為", "kind": "note", "text": "至寂而動，即體而用，故無所不為也。上卷云：道常無為而無不為。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）", "textSimp": "至寂而动，即体而用，故无所不为也。上卷云：道常无为而无不为。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）", "lemmaSimp": "无为而无不为" }, { "id": "c027", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "無為而無不為", "kind": "note", "text": "絕德與道合，則無所不施，無所不為。", "authorNote": "此為御注。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "绝德与道合，则无所不施，无所不为。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引御注御疏）（此為御注。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注。", "lemmaSimp": "无为而无不为" }, { "id": "c028", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "無為而無不為", "kind": "note", "text": "夫有為則有礙，有礙則有所不為；今既無為，無為則無礙，故能無所不為也。此謂契道則應用而周普也。故上卷云：道常無為而無不為也。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "夫有为则有碍，有碍则有所不为；今既无为，无为则无碍，故能无所不为也。此谓契道则应用而周普也。故上卷云：道常无为而无不为也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "无为而无不为" }, { "id": "c029", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "無為而無不為", "kind": "note", "text": "夫欲去有累，所以歸無為；而惑者聞無為，兀然常拱手，以死灰為大道、土塊為至心，恐其封執無為，不能懸解，故云無為而無不為也。無為而無不為，非無為也；有為而歸無為，非有為也。此則為學為道，道學皆忘，唯動與寂，寂動俱息也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）", "textSimp": "夫欲去有累，所以归无为；而惑者闻无为，兀然常拱手，以死灰为大道、土块为至心，恐其封执无为，不能悬解，故云无为而无不为也。无为而无不为，非无为也；有为而归无为，非有为也。此则为学为道，道学皆忘，唯动与寂，寂动俱息也。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）", "lemmaSimp": "无为而无不为" }, { "id": "c030", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "取天下常以無事", "kind": "note", "text": "取，治也。治天下常當以無事，不當勞煩也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）", "textSimp": "取，治也。治天下常当以无事，不当劳烦也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）", "lemmaSimp": "取天下常以无事" }, { "id": "c031", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "取天下常以無事", "kind": "note", "text": "動常因也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "动常因也。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "取天下常以无事" }, { "id": "c032", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "取天下常以無事", "kind": "note", "text": "取，攝化也。言攝取宇內蒼生，令其歸善者，常以無事無為而化之也。雖復應物施為，而心未嘗有事，此即動而寂也。故《莊子》云：孰弊弊焉以物為事乎？", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）", "textSimp": "取，摄化也。言摄取宇内苍生，令其归善者，常以无事无为而化之也。虽复应物施为，而心未尝有事，此即动而寂也。故《庄子》云：孰弊弊焉以物为事乎？", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）", "lemmaSimp": "取天下常以无事" }, { "id": "c033", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "取天下常以無事", "kind": "note", "text": "無為無事，天下歸懷，故可取天下。", "authorNote": "此為御注。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "无为无事，天下归怀，故可取天下。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引御注御疏）（此為御注。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注。", "lemmaSimp": "取天下常以无事" }, { "id": "c034", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "取天下常以無事", "kind": "note", "text": "此勸人君行無為也。取，猶攝化也。攝化天下，必須無為無事；無事則下人不擾，無為則百姓自安。以斯臨蒞，于何不可？所言常者，無事御物，不可斯須離也。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "此劝人君行无为也。取，犹摄化也。摄化天下，必须无为无事；无事则下人不扰，无为则百姓自安。以斯临莅，于何不可？所言常者，无事御物，不可斯须离也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "取天下常以无事" }, { "id": "c035", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "取天下常以無事……不足以取天下", "kind": "note", "text": "取，攝也。忘則無舍無不舍，用則有可有不可。若以無為攝天下，無有而不可，皆可也；若以有事取天下，無有而得可，皆不可也。", "authorNote": "此注兼釋「取天下常以無事」「及其有事，不足以取天下」二句。", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）", "textSimp": "取，摄也。忘则无舍无不舍，用则有可有不可。若以无为摄天下，无有而不可，皆可也；若以有事取天下，无有而得可，皆不可也。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）（此注兼釋「取天下常以無事」「及其有事，不足以取天下」二句。）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "此注兼释「取天下常以无事」「及其有事，不足以取天下」二句。", "lemmaSimp": "取天下常以无事……不足以取天下" }, { "id": "c036", "block": 0, "source": "luxisheng", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "取天下……不足以取天下", "kind": "note", "text": "夫有為者，緣人情而作之法制，故有事；有事則民勞，民勞則叛之。無為者，因物性而輔之自然，故無事；無事則民逸，民逸則歸之。夫聖人之心，常慮一物失其所，將欲救弊亂之要，在於取天下人之心；取天下人之心，在使其自來歸之耳。故為無為、事無事，俗化清靜，則民皆樂推而不厭；若有為有事，政煩民勞，則百姓望而畏之，故不足以取天下之心也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "夫有为者，缘人情而作之法制，故有事；有事则民劳，民劳则叛之。无为者，因物性而辅之自然，故无事；无事则民逸，民逸则归之。夫圣人之心，常虑一物失其所，将欲救弊乱之要，在于取天下人之心；取天下人之心，在使其自来归之耳。故为无为、事无事，俗化清静，则民皆乐推而不厌；若有为有事，政烦民劳，则百姓望而畏之，故不足以取天下之心也。", "citationFull": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "陆希声《道德经传》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "取天下……不足以取天下" }, { "id": "c037", "block": 0, "source": "lvhuiqing", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "取天下……不足以取天下", "kind": "note", "text": "則取於天下也何有？由此觀之，取天下常以无事；及其有事，不足以取天下。觀莊周之所以應帝王者而深求之，則可知已。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "呂惠卿《道德真經傳》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "则取于天下也何有？由此观之，取天下常以无事；及其有事，不足以取天下。观庄周之所以应帝王者而深求之，则可知已。", "citationFull": "呂惠卿《道德真經傳》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "吕惠卿《道德真经传》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "取天下……不足以取天下" }, { "id": "c038", "block": 0, "source": "suzhe", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "取天下……不足以取天下", "kind": "note", "text": "人皆有欲取天下之心，故造事而求之；心見於外，而物惡之，故終不可得。聖人無為，故無事；其心見於外，而物安之，雖不取天下，而天下歸之矣。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "人皆有欲取天下之心，故造事而求之；心见于外，而物恶之，故终不可得。圣人无为，故无事；其心见于外，而物安之，虽不取天下，而天下归之矣。", "citationFull": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "苏辙《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "取天下……不足以取天下" }, { "id": "c039", "block": 0, "source": "wucheng", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "取天下……不足以取天下", "kind": "note", "text": "無事，無所事，即無為也。因言取天下者亦止是無為；蓋德盛而自歸之，必用智力而有作為之事，何足以取天下哉？", "authorNote": "", "citation": "吳澄《道德真經注》", "textSimp": "无事，无所事，即无为也。因言取天下者亦止是无为；盖德盛而自归之，必用智力而有作为之事，何足以取天下哉？", "citationFull": "吳澄《道德真經注》", "citationSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》", "lemmaSimp": "取天下……不足以取天下" }, { "id": "c040", "block": 0, "source": "hanshan", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "取天下……不足以取天下", "kind": "note", "text": "是故取天下者，貴乎常以无事也。无事，則无欲；我无欲，而民自正；民自正，而天下之心得；天下之心得，則治國如視諸掌，此所以无事足以取天下也。若夫有事則有欲，有欲則民擾，民擾則人心失；人心既失，則眾叛親離，此所以有事不足以取天下也。无為之益，天下希及之者，此耳。舊注取字訓為，攝化之意，應如春秋取國之取，言得之易也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "釋德清《道德經解》", "textSimp": "是故取天下者，贵乎常以无事也。无事，则无欲；我无欲，而民自正；民自正，而天下之心得；天下之心得，则治国如视诸掌，此所以无事足以取天下也。若夫有事则有欲，有欲则民扰，民扰则人心失；人心既失，则众叛亲离，此所以有事不足以取天下也。无为之益，天下希及之者，此耳。旧注取字训为，摄化之意，应如春秋取国之取，言得之易也。", "citationFull": "釋德清《道德經解》", "citationSimp": "释德清《道德经解》", "lemmaSimp": "取天下……不足以取天下" }, { "id": "c041", "block": 0, "source": "weiyuan", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "取天下常以無事……不足以取天下", "kind": "note", "text": "「故取天下者」，王弼無「故」「者」二字，傅奕作「將欲取天下者」；「不足」，河上作「不可」，傅奕作「又不足以取天下矣」。", "authorNote": "魏源此章校記，附於章末。", "citation": "魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "「故取天下者」，王弼无「故」「者」二字，傅奕作「将欲取天下者」；「不足」，河上作「不可」，傅奕作「又不足以取天下矣」。", "citationFull": "魏源《老子本義》（魏源此章校記，附於章末。）", "citationSimp": "魏源《老子本义》", "authorNoteSimp": "魏源此章校记，附于章末。", "lemmaSimp": "取天下常以无事……不足以取天下" }, { "id": "c042", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "及其有事，不足以取天下", "kind": "note", "text": "及其好有事，則政教煩也，民不安，故不足以治天下也。取，治也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）", "textSimp": "及其好有事，则政教烦也，民不安，故不足以治天下也。取，治也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）", "lemmaSimp": "及其有事，不足以取天下" }, { "id": "c043", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "及其有事，不足以取天下", "kind": "note", "text": "自已造也，不足以取天下，失統本也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "自已造也，不足以取天下，失统本也。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "及其有事，不足以取天下" }, { "id": "c044", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "及其有事，不足以取天下", "kind": "note", "text": "及其心未虛忘，以事為事而有事者，斯則事異無事，無事異事，動異於寂，寂乖於動，如此之人，不足以攝化天下也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）", "textSimp": "及其心未虚忘，以事为事而有事者，斯则事异无事，无事异事，动异于寂，寂乖于动，如此之人，不足以摄化天下也。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）", "lemmaSimp": "及其有事，不足以取天下" }, { "id": "c045", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "及其有事，不足以取天下", "kind": "note", "text": "有事則煩勞，勞煩則凋弊，故不足以取天下也。", "authorNote": "此為御注。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "有事则烦劳，劳烦则凋弊，故不足以取天下也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引御注御疏）（此為御注。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注。", "lemmaSimp": "及其有事，不足以取天下" }, { "id": "c046", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "及其有事，不足以取天下", "kind": "note", "text": "夫有事，謂政令煩苛、禁網凝密。令苛則人擾，網密則刑煩；百姓不安，四方離散，欲求攝化，不亦難乎？故此有事則不足以取天下矣。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "夫有事，谓政令烦苛、禁网凝密。令苛则人扰，网密则刑烦；百姓不安，四方离散，欲求摄化，不亦难乎？故此有事则不足以取天下矣。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "及其有事，不足以取天下" }, { "id": "c047", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "無為而無不為", "kind": "note", "text": "情欲斷絕，德與道合，則無所不施，無所不為也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）", "textSimp": "情欲断绝，德与道合，则无所不施，无所不为也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）", "lemmaSimp": "无为而无不为" } ], "charNotes": [ { "id": "n001", "sentenceId": "s001", "start": 0, "end": 2, "char": "為學", "charSimp": "为学", "startSimp": 0, "endSimp": 2, "pinyin": "wéi xué", "gloss": "修習世俗之學。", "glossSimp": "修习世俗之学。", "general": "河上公謂政教禮樂之學，情欲文飾日益；王弼謂務欲進其所能、益其所習；成玄英謂俗學銳情分別，累欲日增；蘇轍謂不知道而務學，聞見日多而無以一之。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓政教礼乐之学，情欲文饰日益；王弼谓务欲进其所能、益其所习；成玄英谓俗学锐情分别，累欲日增；苏辙谓不知道而务学，闻见日多而无以一之。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c001", "c002", "c003", "c010" ], "refsSimp": [ "c001", "c002", "c003", "c010" ] }, { "id": "n002", "sentenceId": "s001", "start": 2, "end": 4, "char": "日益", "charSimp": "日益", "startSimp": 2, "endSimp": 4, "pinyin": "rì yì", "gloss": "日日增進。", "glossSimp": "日日增进。", "general": "河上公謂情欲文飾日以益多；李榮謂增以卷軸、長以見聞；吳澄謂患寡務博，日日有所增益。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓情欲文饰日以益多；李荣谓增以卷轴、长以见闻；吴澄谓患寡务博，日日有所增益。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c001", "c007", "c012" ], "refsSimp": [ "c001", "c007", "c012" ] }, { "id": "n003", "sentenceId": "s001", "start": 5, "end": 7, "char": "為道", "charSimp": "为道", "startSimp": 5, "endSimp": 7, "pinyin": "wéi dào", "gloss": "修習自然之道。", "glossSimp": "修习自然之道。", "general": "河上公謂道為自然之道；王弼謂務欲反虛無；成玄英謂修道之人虛夷恬淡。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓道为自然之道；王弼谓务欲反虚无；成玄英谓修道之人虚夷恬淡。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c001", "c002", "c003" ], "refsSimp": [ "c001", "c002", "c003" ] }, { "id": "n004", "sentenceId": "s001", "start": 7, "end": 9, "char": "日損", "charSimp": "日损", "startSimp": 7, "endSimp": 9, "pinyin": "rì sǔn", "gloss": "日日減損。", "glossSimp": "日日减损。", "general": "河上公謂情欲文飾日以消損；李榮謂文理雙忘、物我同遣；吳澄謂自有反無，日日有所減損。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓情欲文饰日以消损；李荣谓文理双忘、物我同遣；吴澄谓自有反无，日日有所减损。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c001", "c007", "c012" ], "refsSimp": [ "c001", "c007", "c012" ] }, { "id": "n005", "sentenceId": "s002", "start": 0, "end": 4, "char": "損之又損", "charSimp": "损之又损", "startSimp": 0, "endSimp": 4, "pinyin": "sǔn zhī yòu sǔn", "gloss": "一再減損，至於無執。", "glossSimp": "一再减损，至于无执。", "general": "河上公謂損情欲又損之，所以漸去；成玄英謂前損損有、後損損無，二偏雙遣；唐玄宗謂前損忘迹、後損忘心，心迹俱忘為造極。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓损情欲又损之，所以渐去；成玄英谓前损损有、后损损无，二偏双遣；唐玄宗谓前损忘迹、后损忘心，心迹俱忘为造极。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c017", "c018", "c020" ], "refsSimp": [ "c017", "c018", "c020" ] }, { "id": "n006", "sentenceId": "s002", "start": 8, "end": 10, "char": "無為", "charSimp": "无为", "startSimp": 8, "endSimp": 10, "pinyin": "wú wéi", "gloss": "不造作、不妄為。", "glossSimp": "不造作、不妄为。", "general": "河上公謂恬然如嬰兒，無所造為；唐玄宗謂心迹俱忘，造極則至於無為；李榮謂捨有歸無、有去無忘。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓恬然如婴儿，无所造为；唐玄宗谓心迹俱忘，造极则至于无为；李荣谓舍有归无、有去无忘。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c017", "c019", "c021" ], "refsSimp": [ "c017", "c019", "c021" ] }, { "id": "n007", "sentenceId": "s003", "start": 0, "end": 2, "char": "無為", "charSimp": "无为", "startSimp": 0, "endSimp": 2, "pinyin": "wú wéi", "gloss": "不妄作為。", "glossSimp": "不妄作为。", "general": "河上公謂情欲斷絕、德與道合，則無所不施；王弼謂有為則有所失，故無為乃無所不為；成玄英謂至寂而動、即體而用；唐玄宗謂絕德與道合，則無所不施。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓情欲断绝、德与道合，则无所不施；王弼谓有为则有所失，故无为乃无所不为；成玄英谓至寂而动、即体而用；唐玄宗谓绝德与道合，则无所不施。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c047", "c025", "c026", "c027" ], "refsSimp": [ "c047", "c025", "c026", "c027" ] }, { "id": "n008", "sentenceId": "s003", "start": 3, "end": 6, "char": "無不為", "charSimp": "无不为", "startSimp": 3, "endSimp": 6, "pinyin": "wú bù wéi", "gloss": "無所不為，實即因物自然。", "glossSimp": "无所不为，实即因物自然。", "general": "河上公謂德與道合則無所不為；王弼謂無為乃無所不為；唐玄宗謂無礙故能無所不為；蘇轍謂兼忘去妄之心，純性無餘，然後無所不為而不失無為。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓德与道合则无所不为；王弼谓无为乃无所不为；唐玄宗谓无碍故能无所不为；苏辙谓兼忘去妄之心，纯性无余，然后无所不为而不失无为。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c047", "c025", "c027", "c023" ], "refsSimp": [ "c047", "c025", "c027", "c023" ] }, { "id": "n009", "sentenceId": "s004", "start": 0, "end": 3, "char": "取天下", "charSimp": "取天下", "startSimp": 0, "endSimp": 3, "pinyin": "qǔ tiān xià", "gloss": "攝化、治理天下。", "glossSimp": "摄化、治理天下。", "general": "河上公謂取，治也；王弼謂動常因；成玄英謂取，攝化也；唐玄宗謂取猶攝化。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓取，治也；王弼谓动常因；成玄英谓取，摄化也；唐玄宗谓取犹摄化。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c030", "c031", "c032", "c033" ], "refsSimp": [ "c030", "c031", "c032", "c033" ] }, { "id": "n010", "sentenceId": "s004", "start": 5, "end": 7, "char": "無事", "charSimp": "无事", "startSimp": 5, "endSimp": 7, "pinyin": "wú shì", "gloss": "不擾煩、不造事。", "glossSimp": "不扰烦、不造事。", "general": "河上公謂治天下常當以無事，不當勞煩；唐玄宗謂無為無事則天下歸懷；吳澄謂無事即無為。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓治天下常当以无事，不当劳烦；唐玄宗谓无为无事则天下归怀；吴澄谓无事即无为。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c030", "c033", "c039" ], "refsSimp": [ "c030", "c033", "c039" ] }, { "id": "n011", "sentenceId": "s005", "start": 2, "end": 4, "char": "有事", "charSimp": "有事", "startSimp": 2, "endSimp": 4, "pinyin": "yǒu shì", "gloss": "政令煩苛、有所造作。", "glossSimp": "政令烦苛、有所造作。", "general": "河上公謂好有事則政教煩；王弼謂自已造也；唐玄宗謂政令煩苛、禁網凝密則百姓不安。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓好有事则政教烦；王弼谓自已造也；唐玄宗谓政令烦苛、禁网凝密则百姓不安。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c042", "c043", "c045" ], "refsSimp": [ "c042", "c043", "c045" ] }, { "id": "n012", "sentenceId": "s005", "start": 5, "end": 11, "char": "不足以取天下", "charSimp": "不足以取天下", "startSimp": 5, "endSimp": 11, "pinyin": "bù zú yǐ qǔ tiān xià", "gloss": "不能攝化、得天下之心。", "glossSimp": "不能摄化、得天下之心。", "general": "河上公謂民不安故不足以治天下；成玄英謂動異於寂，不足以攝化天下；蘇轍謂造事而求，物惡之而終不可得。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓民不安故不足以治天下；成玄英谓动异于寂，不足以摄化天下；苏辙谓造事而求，物恶之而终不可得。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c042", "c044", "c038" ], "refsSimp": [ "c042", "c044", "c038" ] } ], "glossary": { "忘知": "河上公本章章題。", "為學日益章": "《玄德纂疏》、呂惠卿、蘇轍本章章題。", "為學": "修習世俗之學。", "日益": "日日增進。", "為道": "修習自然之道。", "日損": "日日減損。", "損之又損": "一再減損，至於無執。", "無為": "不造作、不妄為。", "無不為": "無所不為，實即因物自然。", "取天下": "攝化、治理天下。", "無事": "不擾煩、不造事。", "有事": "政令煩苛、有所造作。", "不足以取天下": "不能攝化、得天下之心。", "絕學無憂": "呂惠卿引以說「為道日損」，謂道學皆忘、憂患自絕。" }, "collations": [ { "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "章次與章題", "text": "王弼本無章題。河上公題「忘知第四十八」；《玄德纂疏》卷十三、呂惠卿、蘇轍題「為學日益章第四十八」；吳澄以此章自為其第四十章；魏源以此章為其第四十一章；嚴遵本無章題，此章自為一篇。本站從王弼本分章。", "source": "河上公《老子道德經章句》、王弼《老子道德經注》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、魏源《老子本義》、嚴遵《道德真經指歸》", "textSimp": "王弼本无章题。河上公题「忘知第四十八」；《玄德纂疏》卷十三、吕惠卿、苏辙题「为学日益章第四十八」；吴澄以此章自为其第四十章；魏源以此章为其第四十一章；严遵本无章题，此章自为一篇。本站从王弼本分章。", "headwordSimp": "章次与章题", "sourceSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》、王弼《老子道德经注》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、魏源《老子本义》、严遵《道德真经指归》", "id": "k001" }, { "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "為學日益，為道日損", "text": "傅奕本兩「日」上各有「者」字，作「為學者日益，為道者日損」，據魏源校記；河上公、王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山、王夫之皆無兩「者」字。本站從王弼本。", "source": "王弼《老子道德經注》、河上公《老子道德經章句》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》、王夫之《老子衍》", "textSimp": "傅奕本两「日」上各有「者」字，作「为学者日益，为道者日损」，据魏源校记；河上公、王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、李荣、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、憨山、王夫之皆无两「者」字。本站从王弼本。", "headwordSimp": "为学日益，为道日损", "sourceSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》、河上公《老子道德经章句》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、李荣《道德真经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》、王夫之《老子衍》", "id": "k002" }, { "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "損之又損", "text": "河上公本作「損之又損之」，多一「之」字，據魏源校記；《玄德纂疏》所引河上公注亦作「損之又損之」。王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄作「損之又損」。本站從王弼本。", "source": "王弼《老子道德經注》、河上公《老子道德經章句》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "河上公本作「损之又损之」，多一「之」字，据魏源校记；《玄德纂疏》所引河上公注亦作「损之又损之」。王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、李荣、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄作「损之又损」。本站从王弼本。", "headwordSimp": "损之又损", "sourceSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》、河上公《老子道德经章句》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、李荣《道德真经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、魏源《老子本义》", "id": "k003" }, { "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "無為而無不為", "text": "傅奕本作「無為則無不為」，據魏源校記；吳澄本作「無為而無不為矣」，多一「矣」字；憨山本此句下接「故取天下常以無事」。王弼、河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍作「無為而無不為」。本站從王弼本。", "source": "王弼《老子道德經注》、河上公《老子道德經章句》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "傅奕本作「无为则无不为」，据魏源校记；吴澄本作「无为而无不为矣」，多一「矣」字；憨山本此句下接「故取天下常以无事」。王弼、河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李荣、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙作「无为而无不为」。本站从王弼本。", "headwordSimp": "无为而无不为", "sourceSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》、河上公《老子道德经章句》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、李荣《道德真经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》", "id": "k004" }, { "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "取天下常以無事", "text": "王弼本無「故」「者」二字；傅奕本作「將欲取天下者，常以無事」，據魏源校記；吳澄本作「取天下者常以無事」；憨山本作「故取天下常以無事」。河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍與王弼本同。本站從王弼本。", "source": "王弼《老子道德經注》、河上公《老子道德經章句》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "王弼本无「故」「者」二字；傅奕本作「将欲取天下者，常以无事」，据魏源校记；吴澄本作「取天下者常以无事」；憨山本作「故取天下常以无事」。河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李荣、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙与王弼本同。本站从王弼本。", "headwordSimp": "取天下常以无事", "sourceSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》、河上公《老子道德经章句》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、李荣《道德真经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》", "id": "k005" }, { "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "及其有事，不足以取天下", "text": "河上公本「不足」作「不可」；傅奕本作「又不足以取天下矣」；憨山本「及其有事」作「乃其有事」，並有「故取天下」四字；王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄作「及其有事，不足以取天下」。本站從王弼本。", "source": "王弼《老子道德經注》、河上公《老子道德經章句》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "河上公本「不足」作「不可」；傅奕本作「又不足以取天下矣」；憨山本「及其有事」作「乃其有事」，并有「故取天下」四字；王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、李荣、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄作「及其有事，不足以取天下」。本站从王弼本。", "headwordSimp": "及其有事，不足以取天下", "sourceSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》、河上公《老子道德经章句》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、李荣《道德真经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》", "id": "k006" }, { "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "出處與注數", "text": "河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗御注御疏、李榮此章據《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引；嚴遵此章僅存《玄德纂疏》卷十三輯文一條；王弼、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄據《道藏》本；憨山、魏源、王夫之據公開轉錄本。河上公四條、王弼四條、成玄英五條、唐玄宗御注御疏十條、嚴遵一條、李榮四條、陸希聲三條、呂惠卿二條、蘇轍四條、吳澄三條、憨山二條、魏源三條、王夫之一條。俞樾《諸子平議》此章未列。", "source": "河上公《老子道德經章句》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、李榮《道德真經注》、嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（以上據《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）、王弼《老子道德經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》、王夫之《老子衍》、俞樾《諸子平議·老子平議》", "textSimp": "河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗御注御疏、李荣此章据《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引；严遵此章仅存《玄德纂疏》卷十三辑文一条；王弼、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄据《道藏》本；憨山、魏源、王夫之据公开转录本。河上公四条、王弼四条、成玄英五条、唐玄宗御注御疏十条、严遵一条、李荣四条、陆希声三条、吕惠卿二条、苏辙四条、吴澄三条、憨山二条、魏源三条、王夫之一条。俞樾《诸子平议》此章未列。", "headwordSimp": "出处与注数", "sourceSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、李荣《道德真经注》、严遵《道德真经指归》（以上据《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）、王弼《老子道德经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》、王夫之《老子衍》、俞樾《诸子平议·老子平议》", "id": "k007" } ], "glossarySimp": { "忘知": "河上公本章章题。", "为学日益章": "《玄德纂疏》、吕惠卿、苏辙本章章题。", "为学": "修习世俗之学。", "日益": "日日增进。", "为道": "修习自然之道。", "日损": "日日减损。", "损之又损": "一再减损，至于无执。", "无为": "不造作、不妄为。", "无不为": "无所不为，实即因物自然。", "取天下": "摄化、治理天下。", "无事": "不扰烦、不造事。", "有事": "政令烦苛、有所造作。", "不足以取天下": "不能摄化、得天下之心。", "绝学无忧": "吕惠卿引以说「为道日损」，谓道学皆忘、忧患自绝。" }, "lexicon": { "note": "由构建脚本从字词注与常用字表生成，供义位词典和开放数据集使用；occurrence 统计按繁体与简体正文分别匹配后合并。", "entries": [ { "order": 1, "id": "n001", "noteId": "n001", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "為學", "headwordSimp": "为学", "pinyin": "wéi xué", "gloss": "修習世俗之學。", "glossSimp": "修习世俗之学。", "general": "河上公謂政教禮樂之學，情欲文飾日益；王弼謂務欲進其所能、益其所習；成玄英謂俗學銳情分別，累欲日增；蘇轍謂不知道而務學，聞見日多而無以一之。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓政教礼乐之学，情欲文饰日益；王弼谓务欲进其所能、益其所习；成玄英谓俗学锐情分别，累欲日增；苏辙谓不知道而务学，闻见日多而无以一之。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c001", "c002", "c003", "c010" ], "refsSimp": [ "c001", "c002", "c003", "c010" ], "forms": [ { "form": "為學", "formSimp": "为学", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], 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"河上公謂損情欲又損之，所以漸去；成玄英謂前損損有、後損損無，二偏雙遣；唐玄宗謂前損忘迹、後損忘心，心迹俱忘為造極。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓损情欲又损之，所以渐去；成玄英谓前损损有、后损损无，二偏双遣；唐玄宗谓前损忘迹、后损忘心，心迹俱忘为造极。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c017", "c018", "c020" ], "refsSimp": [ "c017", "c018", "c020" ], "forms": [ { "form": "損之又損", "formSimp": "损之又损", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 6, "id": "n006", "noteId": "n006", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "無為", "headwordSimp": "无为", "pinyin": "wú wéi", "gloss": "不造作、不妄為。", "glossSimp": "不造作、不妄为。", "general": "河上公謂恬然如嬰兒，無所造為；唐玄宗謂心迹俱忘，造極則至於無為；李榮謂捨有歸無、有去無忘。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓恬然如婴儿，无所造为；唐玄宗谓心迹俱忘，造极则至于无为；李荣谓舍有归无、有去无忘。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c017", "c019", "c021" ], "refsSimp": [ "c017", "c019", "c021" ], "forms": [ { "form": "無為", "formSimp": "无为", "kind": "headword", "count": 2, "sentenceIds": [ "s002", "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002", "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 2 }, { "order": 7, "id": "n007", "noteId": "n007", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "無為", "headwordSimp": "无为", "pinyin": "wú wéi", "gloss": "不妄作為。", "glossSimp": "不妄作为。", "general": "河上公謂情欲斷絕、德與道合，則無所不施；王弼謂有為則有所失，故無為乃無所不為；成玄英謂至寂而動、即體而用；唐玄宗謂絕德與道合，則無所不施。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓情欲断绝、德与道合，则无所不施；王弼谓有为则有所失，故无为乃无所不为；成玄英谓至寂而动、即体而用；唐玄宗谓绝德与道合，则无所不施。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c047", "c025", "c026", "c027" ], "refsSimp": [ "c047", "c025", "c026", "c027" ], "forms": [ { "form": "無為", "formSimp": "无为", "kind": "headword", "count": 2, "sentenceIds": [ "s002", "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002", "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 2 }, { "order": 8, "id": "n008", "noteId": "n008", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "無不為", "headwordSimp": "无不为", "pinyin": "wú bù wéi", "gloss": "無所不為，實即因物自然。", "glossSimp": "无所不为，实即因物自然。", "general": "河上公謂德與道合則無所不為；王弼謂無為乃無所不為；唐玄宗謂無礙故能無所不為；蘇轍謂兼忘去妄之心，純性無餘，然後無所不為而不失無為。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓德与道合则无所不为；王弼谓无为乃无所不为；唐玄宗谓无碍故能无所不为；苏辙谓兼忘去妄之心，纯性无余，然后无所不为而不失无为。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c047", "c025", "c027", "c023" ], "refsSimp": [ "c047", "c025", "c027", "c023" ], "forms": [ { "form": "無不為", "formSimp": "无不为", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 9, "id": "n009", "noteId": "n009", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "取天下", "headwordSimp": "取天下", "pinyin": "qǔ tiān xià", "gloss": "攝化、治理天下。", "glossSimp": "摄化、治理天下。", "general": "河上公謂取，治也；王弼謂動常因；成玄英謂取，攝化也；唐玄宗謂取猶攝化。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓取，治也；王弼谓动常因；成玄英谓取，摄化也；唐玄宗谓取犹摄化。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c030", "c031", "c032", "c033" ], "refsSimp": [ "c030", "c031", "c032", "c033" ], "forms": [ { "form": "取天下", "formSimp": "取天下", "kind": "headword", "count": 2, "sentenceIds": [ "s004", "s005" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004", "s005" ], "occurrenceCount": 2 }, { "order": 10, "id": "n010", "noteId": "n010", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "無事", "headwordSimp": "无事", "pinyin": "wú shì", "gloss": "不擾煩、不造事。", "glossSimp": "不扰烦、不造事。", "general": "河上公謂治天下常當以無事，不當勞煩；唐玄宗謂無為無事則天下歸懷；吳澄謂無事即無為。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓治天下常当以无事，不当劳烦；唐玄宗谓无为无事则天下归怀；吴澄谓无事即无为。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c030", "c033", "c039" ], "refsSimp": [ "c030", "c033", "c039" ], "forms": [ { "form": "無事", "formSimp": "无事", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 11, "id": "n011", "noteId": "n011", "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "有事", "headwordSimp": "有事", "pinyin": "yǒu shì", "gloss": "政令煩苛、有所造作。", "glossSimp": "政令烦苛、有所造作。", "general": "河上公謂好有事則政教煩；王弼謂自已造也；唐玄宗謂政令煩苛、禁網凝密則百姓不安。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓好有事则政教烦；王弼谓自已造也；唐玄宗谓政令烦苛、禁网凝密则百姓不安。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c042", "c043", "c045" ], "refsSimp": [ "c042", "c043", "c045" ], "forms": [ { "form": "有事", "formSimp": "有事", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s005" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s005" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 12, "id": "n012", "noteId": "n012", "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "不足以取天下", "headwordSimp": "不足以取天下", "pinyin": "bù zú yǐ qǔ tiān xià", "gloss": "不能攝化、得天下之心。", "glossSimp": "不能摄化、得天下之心。", "general": "河上公謂民不安故不足以治天下；成玄英謂動異於寂，不足以攝化天下；蘇轍謂造事而求，物惡之而終不可得。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓民不安故不足以治天下；成玄英谓动异于寂，不足以摄化天下；苏辙谓造事而求，物恶之而终不可得。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c042", "c044", "c038" ], "refsSimp": [ "c042", "c044", "c038" ], "forms": [ { "form": "不足以取天下", "formSimp": "不足以取天下", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s005" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s005" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 } ], "glossaryEntries": [ { "order": 13, "id": "g001", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "忘知", "headwordSimp": "忘知", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "河上公本章章題。", "glossSimp": "河上公本章章题。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "忘知", "formSimp": "忘知", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 14, "id": "g002", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "為學日益章", "headwordSimp": "为学日益章", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "《玄德纂疏》、呂惠卿、蘇轍本章章題。", "glossSimp": "《玄德纂疏》、吕惠卿、苏辙本章章题。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "為學日益章", "formSimp": "为学日益章", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 15, "id": "g003", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "為學", "headwordSimp": "为学", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "修習世俗之學。", "glossSimp": "修习世俗之学。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "為學", "formSimp": "为学", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 16, "id": "g004", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "日益", "headwordSimp": "日益", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "日日增進。", "glossSimp": "日日增进。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "日益", "formSimp": "日益", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 17, "id": "g005", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "為道", "headwordSimp": "为道", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "修習自然之道。", "glossSimp": "修习自然之道。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "為道", "formSimp": "为道", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 18, "id": "g006", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "日損", "headwordSimp": "日损", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "日日減損。", "glossSimp": "日日减损。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "日損", "formSimp": "日损", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 19, "id": "g007", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "損之又損", "headwordSimp": "损之又损", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "一再減損，至於無執。", "glossSimp": "一再减损，至于无执。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "損之又損", "formSimp": "损之又损", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 20, "id": "g008", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "無為", "headwordSimp": "无为", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "不造作、不妄為。", "glossSimp": "不造作、不妄为。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "無為", "formSimp": "无为", "kind": "headword", "count": 2, "sentenceIds": [ "s002", "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002", "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 2 }, { "order": 21, "id": "g009", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "無不為", "headwordSimp": "无不为", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "無所不為，實即因物自然。", "glossSimp": "无所不为，实即因物自然。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "無不為", "formSimp": "无不为", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 22, "id": "g010", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "取天下", "headwordSimp": "取天下", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "攝化、治理天下。", "glossSimp": "摄化、治理天下。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "取天下", "formSimp": "取天下", "kind": "headword", "count": 2, "sentenceIds": [ "s004", "s005" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004", "s005" ], "occurrenceCount": 2 }, { "order": 23, "id": "g011", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "無事", "headwordSimp": "无事", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "不擾煩、不造事。", "glossSimp": "不扰烦、不造事。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "無事", "formSimp": "无事", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 24, "id": "g012", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "有事", "headwordSimp": "有事", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "政令煩苛、有所造作。", "glossSimp": "政令烦苛、有所造作。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "有事", "formSimp": "有事", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s005" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s005" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 25, "id": "g013", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "不足以取天下", "headwordSimp": "不足以取天下", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "不能攝化、得天下之心。", "glossSimp": "不能摄化、得天下之心。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "不足以取天下", "formSimp": "不足以取天下", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s005" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s005" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 26, "id": "g014", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "絕學無憂", "headwordSimp": "绝学无忧", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "呂惠卿引以說「為道日損」，謂道學皆忘、憂患自絕。", "glossSimp": "吕惠卿引以说「为道日损」，谓道学皆忘、忧患自绝。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "絕學無憂", "formSimp": "绝学无忧", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 } ] }, "relations": { "version": "1.0.0", "note": "第四十八章五句的十三家對照，為德經第十一章。河上公此章據四部叢刊本，成玄英、唐玄宗御注御疏、李榮據《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引；嚴遵此章僅存《玄德纂疏》卷十三輯文一條；王弼、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄據《道藏》本；憨山、魏源、王夫之據公開轉錄本；俞樾《諸子平議》此章未列。河上公題「忘知」，吳澄以此章為其第四十章，魏源以此章為其第四十一章。為學日益、為道日損，有俗學與道學、聞見與功行、有為與無為諸解；損之又損以至於無為，有漸去情欲、雙遣有無、忘迹忘心諸說；無為而無不為，有因物自然、寂而能動、契道周普諸義；取天下常以無事，有治國不擾、攝化得心、德盛自歸之別。", "concepts": [ { "id": "wei-xue-yi-yi-wei-dao-yi-sun", "name": "為學日益，為道日損", "nameTrad": "為學日益，為道日損", "question": "「為學」與「為道」為何一益一損？諸家如何理解所學與所損？", "questionTrad": "「為學」與「為道」為何一益一損？諸家如何理解所學與所損？", "intro": "河上公以政教禮樂之學為俗學，情欲文飾日以益多；自然之道則情欲文飾日以消損。王弼以務進所能、益其所習為學，務欲反虛無為道。成玄英以修世俗學者銳情分別、累欲日增，修道者虛夷恬淡、智德漸明而累惑日損。唐玄宗御注以益見聞為修學之漸、損功行為悟道之門；御疏以初則因學知道、修功補過，終則悟理忘言、遺功去執。嚴遵輯文以去知為說，謂不知之知為知之祖、不教之教為教之宗。李榮以增卷軸、長見聞、利名聲、加嗜欲為學，以文理雙忘、物我同遣為道。陸希聲以博聞多識通理為日益，秉要執本簡事為日損；理明則事定，學之日益實資道之日損。呂惠卿以未聞道而求之為益，已聞道而期於无為為損。蘇轍以不知道而務學、聞見日多而無以一之為學，去妄復性為道。吳澄以患寡務博為日益，自有反無為日損。憨山以增長知見為學，克去情欲、窮形泯智為道。魏源校傅奕、河上、王弼異文。王夫之以損於有者益於無，去其所取、全其未有取。諸家或就俗學與道學對舉，或就聞見與功行、有為與無為立說，大旨皆以學益欲而道損執。", "introTrad": "河上公以政教禮樂之學為俗學，情欲文飾日以益多；自然之道則情欲文飾日以消損。王弼以務進所能、益其所習為學，務欲反虛無為道。成玄英以修世俗學者銳情分別、累欲日增，修道者虛夷恬淡、智德漸明而累惑日損。唐玄宗御注以益見聞為修學之漸、損功行為悟道之門；御疏以初則因學知道、修功補過，終則悟理忘言、遺功去執。嚴遵輯文以去知為說，謂不知之知為知之祖、不教之教為教之宗。李榮以增卷軸、長見聞、利名聲、加嗜欲為學，以文理雙忘、物我同遣為道。陸希聲以博聞多識通理為日益，秉要執本簡事為日損；理明則事定，學之日益實資道之日損。呂惠卿以未聞道而求之為益，已聞道而期於无為為損。蘇轍以不知道而務學、聞見日多而無以一之為學，去妄復性為道。吳澄以患寡務博為日益，自有反無為日損。憨山以增長知見為學，克去情欲、窮形泯智為道。魏源校傅奕、河上、王弼異文。王夫之以損於有者益於無，去其所取、全其未有取。諸家或就俗學與道學對舉，或就聞見與功行、有為與無為立說，大旨皆以學益欲而道損執。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "政教禮樂之學為俗學，情欲文飾日益；自然之道則情欲文飾日損。", "thesisTrad": "政教禮樂之學為俗學，情欲文飾日益；自然之道則情欲文飾日損。", "noteIds": [ "c001" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "政教礼乐之学为俗学，情欲文饰日益；自然之道则情欲文饰日损。" }, "wangbi": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "務欲進其所能、益其所習為學，務欲反虛無為道。", "thesisTrad": "務欲進其所能、益其所習為學，務欲反虛無為道。", "noteIds": [ "c002" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "务欲进其所能、益其所习为学，务欲反虚无为道。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "俗學銳情分別、累欲日增；修道虛夷恬淡，智德漸明而累惑日損。", "thesisTrad": "俗學銳情分別、累欲日增；修道虛夷恬淡，智德漸明而累惑日損。", "noteIds": [ "c003" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "俗学锐情分别、累欲日增；修道虚夷恬淡，智德渐明而累惑日损。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "益見聞為修學之漸，損功行為悟道之門；因益積功，忘功體道。", "thesisTrad": "益見聞為修學之漸，損功行為悟道之門；因益積功，忘功體道。", "noteIds": [ "c004", "c005" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "益见闻为修学之渐，损功行为悟道之门；因益积功，忘功体道。" }, "yanzun": { "workType": "輯文", "workTypeTrad": "輯文", "thesis": "去知為道；不知之知為知之祖，不教之教為教之宗。", "thesisTrad": "去知為道；不知之知為知之祖，不教之教為教之宗。", "noteIds": [ "c006" ], "workTypeSimp": "辑文", "thesisSimp": "去知为道；不知之知为知之祖，不教之教为教之宗。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "增卷軸、長見聞、利名聲、加嗜欲為學；文理雙忘、物我同遣為道。", "thesisTrad": "增卷軸、長見聞、利名聲、加嗜欲為學；文理雙忘、物我同遣為道。", "noteIds": [ "c007" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "增卷轴、长见闻、利名声、加嗜欲为学；文理双忘、物我同遣为道。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "博聞多識通理為日益，秉要執本簡事為日損；學之日益實資道之日損。", "thesisTrad": "博聞多識通理為日益，秉要執本簡事為日損；學之日益實資道之日損。", "noteIds": [ "c008" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "博闻多识通理为日益，秉要执本简事为日损；学之日益实资道之日损。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "未聞道而求之為益，已聞道而期於无為為損。", "thesisTrad": "未聞道而求之為益，已聞道而期於无為為損。", "noteIds": [ "c009" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "未闻道而求之为益，已闻道而期于无为为损。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "不知道而務學、聞見日多而無以一之為學；去妄復性為道。", "thesisTrad": "不知道而務學、聞見日多而無以一之為學；去妄復性為道。", "noteIds": [ "c010", "c011" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "不知道而务学、闻见日多而无以一之为学；去妄复性为道。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "患寡務博為日益，自有反無為日損。", "thesisTrad": "患寡務博為日益，自有反無為日損。", "noteIds": [ "c012" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "患寡务博为日益，自有反无为日损。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "增長知見為學，克去情欲、窮形泯智為道。", "thesisTrad": "增長知見為學，克去情欲、窮形泯智為道。", "noteIds": [ "c013" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "增长知见为学，克去情欲、穷形泯智为道。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "校傅奕兩「日」上各有「者」字、「無為則無不為」等異文。", "thesisTrad": "校傅奕兩「日」上各有「者」字、「無為則無不為」等異文。", "noteIds": [ "c014" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "校傅奕两「日」上各有「者」字、「无为则无不为」等异文。" }, "wangfuzhi": { "workType": "衍", "workTypeTrad": "衍", "thesis": "損於有者益於無；去其所取，全其未有取。", "thesisTrad": "損於有者益於無；去其所取，全其未有取。", "noteIds": [ "c016" ], "workTypeSimp": "衍", "thesisSimp": "损于有者益于无；去其所取，全其未有取。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c001", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公以俗學益情欲、道學損文飾立義。", "textTrad": "河上公以俗學益情欲、道學損文飾立義。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公以俗学益情欲、道学损文饰立义。" }, { "noteId": "c002", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "王弼以進所能、益所習為學，反虛無為道。", "textTrad": "王弼以進所能、益所習為學，反虛無為道。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "王弼以进所能、益所习为学，反虚无为道。" }, { "noteId": "c003", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英以俗學累欲日增、修道累惑日損分釋。", "textTrad": "成玄英以俗學累欲日增、修道累惑日損分釋。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英以俗学累欲日增、修道累惑日损分释。" }, { "noteId": "c005", "relation": "御疏", "relationTrad": "御疏", "text": "唐玄宗以初學因益知道、終則忘言去執，總明損益次第。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗以初學因益知道、終則忘言去執，總明損益次第。", "relationSimp": "御疏", "textSimp": "唐玄宗以初学因益知道、终则忘言去执，总明损益次第。" }, { "noteId": "c006", "relation": "輯文", "relationTrad": "輯文", "text": "嚴遵輯文以去知為說，指向不知之知、不教之教。", "textTrad": "嚴遵輯文以去知為說，指向不知之知、不教之教。", "relationSimp": "辑文", "textSimp": "严遵辑文以去知为说，指向不知之知、不教之教。" }, { "noteId": "c007", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮以卷軸、見聞、名聲、嗜欲為學之益，以雙忘同遣為道之損。", "textTrad": "李榮以卷軸、見聞、名聲、嗜欲為學之益，以雙忘同遣為道之損。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣以卷轴、见闻、名声、嗜欲为学之益，以双忘同遣为道之损。" }, { "noteId": "c008", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "陸希聲以博聞通理為益、秉要簡事為損，二者相資。", "textTrad": "陸希聲以博聞通理為益、秉要簡事為損，二者相資。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "陆希声以博闻通理为益、秉要简事为损，二者相资。" }, { "noteId": "c010", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "蘇轍以不知而務學、聞見無以一之，指出學之病。", "textTrad": "蘇轍以不知而務學、聞見無以一之，指出學之病。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "苏辙以不知而务学、闻见无以一之，指出学之病。" }, { "noteId": "c011", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "蘇轍以去妄復性為道，引孔子一以貫之為證。", "textTrad": "蘇轍以去妄復性為道，引孔子一以貫之為證。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "苏辙以去妄复性为道，引孔子一以贯之为证。" }, { "noteId": "c012", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄以患寡務博為日益、自有反無為日損，語最簡徑。", "textTrad": "吳澄以患寡務博為日益、自有反無為日損，語最簡徑。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄以患寡务博为日益、自有反无为日损，语最简径。" }, { "noteId": "c013", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "憨山以增長知見為學、克去情欲為道，歸於日損之功。", "textTrad": "憨山以增長知見為學、克去情欲為道，歸於日損之功。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "憨山以增长知见为学、克去情欲为道，归于日损之功。" }, { "noteId": "c014", "relation": "本義", "relationTrad": "本義", "text": "魏源錄傅奕、河上異文，存文本之別。", "textTrad": "魏源錄傅奕、河上異文，存文本之別。", "relationSimp": "本义", "textSimp": "魏源录傅奕、河上异文，存文本之别。" }, { "noteId": "c016", "relation": "衍", "relationTrad": "衍", "text": "王夫之以損有益無，總衍全章損益之旨。", "textTrad": "王夫之以損有益無，總衍全章損益之旨。", "relationSimp": "衍", "textSimp": "王夫之以损有益无，总衍全章损益之旨。" } ], "nameSimp": "为学日益，为道日损", "questionSimp": "「为学」与「为道」为何一益一损？诸家如何理解所学与所损？", "introSimp": "河上公以政教礼乐之学为俗学，情欲文饰日以益多；自然之道则情欲文饰日以消损。王弼以务进所能、益其所习为学，务欲反虚无为道。成玄英以修世俗学者锐情分别、累欲日增，修道者虚夷恬淡、智德渐明而累惑日损。唐玄宗御注以益见闻为修学之渐、损功行为悟道之门；御疏以初则因学知道、修功补过，终则悟理忘言、遗功去执。严遵辑文以去知为说，谓不知之知为知之祖、不教之教为教之宗。李荣以增卷轴、长见闻、利名声、加嗜欲为学，以文理双忘、物我同遣为道。陆希声以博闻多识通理为日益，秉要执本简事为日损；理明则事定，学之日益实资道之日损。吕惠卿以未闻道而求之为益，已闻道而期于无为为损。苏辙以不知道而务学、闻见日多而无以一之为学，去妄复性为道。吴澄以患寡务博为日益，自有反无为日损。憨山以增长知见为学，克去情欲、穷形泯智为道。魏源校傅奕、河上、王弼异文。王夫之以损于有者益于无，去其所取、全其未有取。诸家或就俗学与道学对举，或就闻见与功行、有为与无为立说，大旨皆以学益欲而道损执。" }, { "id": "sun-zhi-you-sun-zhi-yu-wu-wei", "name": "損之又損，以至於無為", "nameTrad": "損之又損，以至於無為", "question": "為什麼要「損之又損」？所損的究竟是什麼？", "questionTrad": "為什麼要「損之又損」？所損的究竟是什麼？", "intro": "河上公以損情欲又損之，漸去以至於恬然如嬰兒、無所造為。成玄英以為學執有、為道滯無，二俱有患；前損損有、後損損無，二偏雙遣，以至於一中之無為。唐玄宗御注以雖損功行，尚有欲損之心，兼忘此心則泊然無為；御疏以前損忘迹、後損忘心，心迹俱忘為造極。李榮以捨有歸無為損，有去無忘為又損，理冥真寂為至無為。陸希聲以損在漸、不可頓去，損之至乎無為則能無不為。呂惠卿以損之者未免乎有為，并其損之者而損，然後至於无為。蘇轍以去妄復性為損，去妄之心猶存，兼忘此心則純性無餘。吳澄以減損有為之事，損之又損至無可損則無為。憨山以初以智去情、情忘則智亦泯，心境兩忘、私欲淨盡。魏源錄傅奕、河上異文。王夫之以損於有者益於無，賓百為而天下來賓。諸家皆以「再損」為由有入無、由迹入心之關鍵。", "introTrad": "河上公以損情欲又損之，漸去以至於恬然如嬰兒、無所造為。成玄英以為學執有、為道滯無，二俱有患；前損損有、後損損無，二偏雙遣，以至於一中之無為。唐玄宗御注以雖損功行，尚有欲損之心，兼忘此心則泊然無為；御疏以前損忘迹、後損忘心，心迹俱忘為造極。李榮以捨有歸無為損，有去無忘為又損，理冥真寂為至無為。陸希聲以損在漸、不可頓去，損之至乎無為則能無不為。呂惠卿以損之者未免乎有為，并其損之者而損，然後至於无為。蘇轍以去妄復性為損，去妄之心猶存，兼忘此心則純性無餘。吳澄以減損有為之事，損之又損至無可損則無為。憨山以初以智去情、情忘則智亦泯，心境兩忘、私欲淨盡。魏源錄傅奕、河上異文。王夫之以損於有者益於無，賓百為而天下來賓。諸家皆以「再損」為由有入無、由迹入心之關鍵。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "損情欲又損之，漸去以至於恬然如嬰兒、無所造為。", "thesisTrad": "損情欲又損之，漸去以至於恬然如嬰兒、無所造為。", "noteIds": [ "c017" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "损情欲又损之，渐去以至于恬然如婴儿、无所造为。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "前損損有、後損損無，二偏雙遣，以至於一中之無為。", "thesisTrad": "前損損有、後損損無，二偏雙遣，以至於一中之無為。", "noteIds": [ "c018" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "前损损有、后损损无，二偏双遣，以至于一中之无为。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "損功行而兼忘欲損之心，則泊然無為；前損忘迹、後損忘心為造極。", "thesisTrad": "損功行而兼忘欲損之心，則泊然無為；前損忘迹、後損忘心為造極。", "noteIds": [ "c019", "c020" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "损功行而兼忘欲损之心，则泊然无为；前损忘迹、后损忘心为造极。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "捨有歸無為損，有去無忘為又損，理冥真寂為至無為。", "thesisTrad": "捨有歸無為損，有去無忘為又損，理冥真寂為至無為。", "noteIds": [ "c021" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "舍有归无为损，有去无忘为又损，理冥真寂为至无为。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "損在漸、不可頓去；損之至乎無為則能無不為。", "thesisTrad": "損在漸、不可頓去；損之至乎無為則能無不為。", "noteIds": [ "c022" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "损在渐、不可顿去；损之至乎无为则能无不为。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "損之者未免乎有為，并其損之者而損，然後至於无為。", "thesisTrad": "損之者未免乎有為，并其損之者而損，然後至於无為。", "noteIds": [ "c009" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "损之者未免乎有为，并其损之者而损，然后至于无为。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "去妄復性為損；去妄之心猶存，兼忘此心則純性無餘。", "thesisTrad": "去妄復性為損；去妄之心猶存，兼忘此心則純性無餘。", "noteIds": [ "c023" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "去妄复性为损；去妄之心犹存，兼忘此心则纯性无余。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "減損有為之事，損之又損至無可損則無為。", "thesisTrad": "減損有為之事，損之又損至無可損則無為。", "noteIds": [ "c024" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "减损有为之事，损之又损至无可损则无为。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "初以智去情，情忘則智亦泯；心境兩忘、私欲淨盡。", "thesisTrad": "初以智去情，情忘則智亦泯；心境兩忘、私欲淨盡。", "noteIds": [ "c013" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "初以智去情，情忘则智亦泯；心境两忘、私欲净尽。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "校河上「損之又損之」多一「之」字。", "thesisTrad": "校河上「損之又損之」多一「之」字。", "noteIds": [ "c014" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "校河上「损之又损之」多一「之」字。" }, "wangfuzhi": { "workType": "衍", "workTypeTrad": "衍", "thesis": "損於有者益於無；賓百為而天下來賓。", "thesisTrad": "損於有者益於無；賓百為而天下來賓。", "noteIds": [ "c016" ], "workTypeSimp": "衍", "thesisSimp": "损于有者益于无；宾百为而天下来宾。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c009", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "呂惠卿以并其損之者而損，補出「再損」的對象。", "textTrad": "呂惠卿以并其損之者而損，補出「再損」的對象。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "吕惠卿以并其损之者而损，补出「再损」的对象。" }, { "noteId": "c013", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "憨山以情忘智泯、心境兩忘，說明再損的次第。", "textTrad": "憨山以情忘智泯、心境兩忘，說明再損的次第。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "憨山以情忘智泯、心境两忘，说明再损的次第。" }, { "noteId": "c014", "relation": "本義", "relationTrad": "本義", "text": "魏源錄河上「損之又損之」的異文。", "textTrad": "魏源錄河上「損之又損之」的異文。", "relationSimp": "本义", "textSimp": "魏源录河上「损之又损之」的异文。" }, { "noteId": "c016", "relation": "衍", "relationTrad": "衍", "text": "王夫之以損有益無，指出再損所得在無。", "textTrad": "王夫之以損有益無，指出再損所得在無。", "relationSimp": "衍", "textSimp": "王夫之以损有益无，指出再损所得在无。" }, { "noteId": "c017", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公以損情欲又損之立義，歸於嬰兒無造為。", "textTrad": "河上公以損情欲又損之立義，歸於嬰兒無造為。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公以损情欲又损之立义，归于婴儿无造为。" }, { "noteId": "c018", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英以前損損有、後損損無，將再損分為兩重。", "textTrad": "成玄英以前損損有、後損損無，將再損分為兩重。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英以前损损有、后损损无，将再损分为两重。" }, { "noteId": "c019", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "唐玄宗以兼忘欲損之心，指出再損所去在「損」本身。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗以兼忘欲損之心，指出再損所去在「損」本身。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "唐玄宗以兼忘欲损之心，指出再损所去在「损」本身。" }, { "noteId": "c020", "relation": "御疏", "relationTrad": "御疏", "text": "唐玄宗以前損忘迹、後損忘心，心迹俱忘為造極。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗以前損忘迹、後損忘心，心迹俱忘為造極。", "relationSimp": "御疏", "textSimp": "唐玄宗以前损忘迹、后损忘心，心迹俱忘为造极。" }, { "noteId": "c021", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮以捨有歸無、有去無忘，二重俱遣。", "textTrad": "李榮以捨有歸無、有去無忘，二重俱遣。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣以舍有归无、有去无忘，二重俱遣。" }, { "noteId": "c022", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "陸希聲以損在漸不可頓去，說明再損的必要。", "textTrad": "陸希聲以損在漸不可頓去，說明再損的必要。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "陆希声以损在渐不可顿去，说明再损的必要。" }, { "noteId": "c023", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "蘇轍以兼忘去妄之心，純性無餘。", "textTrad": "蘇轍以兼忘去妄之心，純性無餘。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "苏辙以兼忘去妄之心，纯性无余。" }, { "noteId": "c024", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄以損至無可損則無為，語最直截。", "textTrad": "吳澄以損至無可損則無為，語最直截。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄以损至无可损则无为，语最直截。" } ], "nameSimp": "损之又损，以至于无为", "questionSimp": "为什么要「损之又损」？所损的究竟是什么？", "introSimp": "河上公以损情欲又损之，渐去以至于恬然如婴儿、无所造为。成玄英以为学执有、为道滞无，二俱有患；前损损有、后损损无，二偏双遣，以至于一中之无为。唐玄宗御注以虽损功行，尚有欲损之心，兼忘此心则泊然无为；御疏以前损忘迹、后损忘心，心迹俱忘为造极。李荣以舍有归无为损，有去无忘为又损，理冥真寂为至无为。陆希声以损在渐、不可顿去，损之至乎无为则能无不为。吕惠卿以损之者未免乎有为，并其损之者而损，然后至于无为。苏辙以去妄复性为损，去妄之心犹存，兼忘此心则纯性无余。吴澄以减损有为之事，损之又损至无可损则无为。憨山以初以智去情、情忘则智亦泯，心境两忘、私欲净尽。魏源录傅奕、河上异文。王夫之以损于有者益于无，宾百为而天下来宾。诸家皆以「再损」为由有入无、由迹入心之关键。" }, { "id": "wu-wei-er-wu-bu-wei", "name": "無為而無不為", "nameTrad": "無為而無不為", "question": "「無為」為何又能「無不為」？兩者如何統一？", "questionTrad": "「無為」為何又能「無不為」？兩者如何統一？", "intro": "河上公以情欲斷絕、德與道合，則無所不施、無所不為。王弼以有為則有所失，故無為乃無所不為。成玄英以至寂而動、即體而用，故無所不為。唐玄宗御注以絕德與道合，則無所不施、無所不為；御疏以有為有礙則有所不為，無為無礙故能無所不為，契道則應用周普。李榮以惑者聞無為便兀然拱手，故說無為而無不為；無為非無為，有為而歸無為非有為，寂動俱息。陸希聲以損之至乎無為則能無不為。呂惠卿以无為者无有，无无不為者乃所以无无。蘇轍以兼忘去妄之心，純性無餘，然後無所不為而不失無為。吳澄以一事不為故能事事無不為。憨山以我無為而民自化，民果化則無不可為之事，由無為而後可以大有為。魏源錄傅奕「無為則無不為」異文。王夫之以損於有者益於無，賓百為而天來賓。諸家皆以無為非枯寂、乃因物自然之全體大用。", "introTrad": "河上公以情欲斷絕、德與道合，則無所不施、無所不為。王弼以有為則有所失，故無為乃無所不為。成玄英以至寂而動、即體而用，故無所不為。唐玄宗御注以絕德與道合，則無所不施、無所不為；御疏以有為有礙則有所不為，無為無礙故能無所不為，契道則應用周普。李榮以惑者聞無為便兀然拱手，故說無為而無不為；無為非無為，有為而歸無為非有為，寂動俱息。陸希聲以損之至乎無為則能無不為。呂惠卿以无為者无有，无无不為者乃所以无无。蘇轍以兼忘去妄之心，純性無餘，然後無所不為而不失無為。吳澄以一事不為故能事事無不為。憨山以我無為而民自化，民果化則無不可為之事，由無為而後可以大有為。魏源錄傅奕「無為則無不為」異文。王夫之以損於有者益於無，賓百為而天來賓。諸家皆以無為非枯寂、乃因物自然之全體大用。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "情欲斷絕，德與道合，則無所不施、無所不為。", "thesisTrad": "情欲斷絕，德與道合，則無所不施、無所不為。", "noteIds": [ "c047" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "情欲断绝，德与道合，则无所不施、无所不为。" }, "wangbi": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "有為則有所失，故無為乃無所不為。", "thesisTrad": "有為則有所失，故無為乃無所不為。", "noteIds": [ "c025" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "有为则有所失，故无为乃无所不为。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "至寂而動、即體而用，故無所不為。", "thesisTrad": "至寂而動、即體而用，故無所不為。", "noteIds": [ "c026" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "至寂而动、即体而用，故无所不为。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "絕德與道合，則無所不施；無為無礙，故能無所不為。", "thesisTrad": "絕德與道合，則無所不施；無為無礙，故能無所不為。", "noteIds": [ "c027", "c028" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "绝德与道合，则无所不施；无为无碍，故能无所不为。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "無為非兀然拱手；無為而無不為，非無為也，寂動俱息。", "thesisTrad": "無為非兀然拱手；無為而無不為，非無為也，寂動俱息。", "noteIds": [ "c029" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "无为非兀然拱手；无为而无不为，非无为也，寂动俱息。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "損之至乎無為則能無不為。", "thesisTrad": "損之至乎無為則能無不為。", "noteIds": [ "c022" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "损之至乎无为则能无不为。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "无為者无有，无无不為者乃所以无无。", "thesisTrad": "无為者无有，无无不為者乃所以无无。", "noteIds": [ "c009" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "无为者无有，无不为者乃所以无。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "兼忘去妄之心，純性無餘，則無所不為而不失無為。", "thesisTrad": "兼忘去妄之心，純性無餘，則無所不為而不失無為。", "noteIds": [ "c023" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "兼忘去妄之心，纯性无余，则无所不为而不失无为。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "一事不為，故能事事無不為。", "thesisTrad": "一事不為，故能事事無不為。", "noteIds": [ "c024" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "一事不为，故能事事无不为。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "我無為而民自化；由無為而後可以大有為，故無不為。", "thesisTrad": "我無為而民自化；由無為而後可以大有為，故無不為。", "noteIds": [ "c013" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "我无为而民自化；由无为而后可以大有为，故无不为。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "錄傅奕「無為則無不為」異文。", "thesisTrad": "錄傅奕「無為則無不為」異文。", "noteIds": [ "c014" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "录傅奕「无为则无不为」异文。" }, "wangfuzhi": { "workType": "衍", "workTypeTrad": "衍", "thesis": "損有益無，賓百為而天下來賓。", "thesisTrad": "損有益無，賓百為而天下來賓。", "noteIds": [ "c016" ], "workTypeSimp": "衍", "thesisSimp": "损有益无，宾百为而天下来宾。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c047", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "河上公以情欲斷絕、德與道合，點出無所不施、無所不為。", "textTrad": "河上公以情欲斷絕、德與道合，點出無所不施、無所不為。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "河上公以情欲断绝、德与道合，点出无所不施、无所不为。" }, { "noteId": "c009", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "呂惠卿以无有、无无，說明無為與無不為的層次。", "textTrad": "呂惠卿以无有、无无，說明無為與無不為的層次。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "吕惠卿以无有、无，说明无为与无不为的层次。" }, { "noteId": "c013", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "憨山以民自化、無不可為，落在治世之效。", "textTrad": "憨山以民自化、無不可為，落在治世之效。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "憨山以民自化、无不可为，落在治世之效。" }, { "noteId": "c016", "relation": "衍", "relationTrad": "衍", "text": "王夫之以損有益無，統攝無為無不為。", "textTrad": "王夫之以損有益無，統攝無為無不為。", "relationSimp": "衍", "textSimp": "王夫之以损有益无，统摄无为无不为。" }, { "noteId": "c022", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "陸希聲以損至無為則能無不為，承接上句。", "textTrad": "陸希聲以損至無為則能無不為，承接上句。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "陆希声以损至无为则能无不为，承接上句。" }, { "noteId": "c023", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "蘇轍以純性無餘，無所不為而不失無為。", "textTrad": "蘇轍以純性無餘，無所不為而不失無為。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "苏辙以纯性无余，无所不为而不失无为。" }, { "noteId": "c024", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄以一事不為故能事事無不為，語最直截。", "textTrad": "吳澄以一事不為故能事事無不為，語最直截。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄以一事不为故能事事无不为，语最直截。" }, { "noteId": "c025", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "王弼以有為有所失立義，無為乃無所不為。", "textTrad": "王弼以有為有所失立義，無為乃無所不為。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "王弼以有为有所失立义，无为乃无所不为。" }, { "noteId": "c026", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英以至寂而動、即體而用，解無不為。", "textTrad": "成玄英以至寂而動、即體而用，解無不為。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英以至寂而动、即体而用，解无不为。" }, { "noteId": "c027", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "唐玄宗以絕德合道，無所不施、無所不為。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗以絕德合道，無所不施、無所不為。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "唐玄宗以绝德合道，无所不施、无所不为。" }, { "noteId": "c028", "relation": "御疏", "relationTrad": "御疏", "text": "唐玄宗以有為有礙、無為無礙，說明無不為的根據。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗以有為有礙、無為無礙，說明無不為的根據。", "relationSimp": "御疏", "textSimp": "唐玄宗以有为有碍、无为无碍，说明无不为的根据。" }, { "noteId": "c029", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮破「兀然拱手」之誤解，強調寂動俱息。", "textTrad": "李榮破「兀然拱手」之誤解，強調寂動俱息。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣破「兀然拱手」之误解，强调寂动俱息。" } ], "nameSimp": "无为而无不为", "questionSimp": "「无为」为何又能「无不为」？两者如何统一？", "introSimp": "河上公以情欲断绝、德与道合，则无所不施、无所不为。王弼以有为则有所失，故无为乃无所不为。成玄英以至寂而动、即体而用，故无所不为。唐玄宗御注以绝德与道合，则无所不施、无所不为；御疏以有为有碍则有所不为，无为无碍故能无所不为，契道则应用周普。李荣以惑者闻无为便兀然拱手，故说无为而无不为；无为非无为，有为而归无为非有为，寂动俱息。陆希声以损之至乎无为则能无不为。吕惠卿以无为者无有，无不为者乃所以无。苏辙以兼忘去妄之心，纯性无余，然后无所不为而不失无为。吴澄以一事不为故能事事无不为。憨山以我无为而民自化，民果化则无不可为之事，由无为而后可以大有为。魏源录傅奕「无为则无不为」异文。王夫之以损于有者益于无，宾百为而天来宾。诸家皆以无为非枯寂、乃因物自然之全体大用。" }, { "id": "qu-tian-xia-chang-yi-wu-shi", "name": "取天下常以無事，及其有事，不足以取天下", "nameTrad": "取天下常以無事，及其有事，不足以取天下", "question": "為什麼取天下必須「無事」？「有事」為何反不足取？", "questionTrad": "為什麼取天下必須「無事」？「有事」為何反不足取？", "intro": "河上公以取為治，治天下常當以無事，好有事則政教煩而民不安。王弼以動常因，故取天下常以無事；自已造則失統本。成玄英以取為攝化，雖應物施為而心未嘗有事；心未虛忘而以事為事，則不足以攝化天下。唐玄宗御注以無為無事則天下歸懷，有事煩勞則凋弊；御疏以政令煩苛、禁網凝密則百姓不安、四方離散。李榮以無為攝天下則無有不可，以有事取天下則無有得可。陸希聲以有為有事則民勞而叛，無為無事則民逸而歸；取天下在得人心，使其自來歸之。呂惠卿以取天下常以无事，觀莊周應帝王可知。蘇轍以人皆有欲取天下之心，造事而求則物惡之而終不可得；聖人無為無事，雖不取天下而天下歸之。吳澄以無事即無為，德盛而自歸，必用智力則不足取天下。憨山以取天下貴常以無事，有事則有欲而民擾。魏源校王弼、河上、傅奕異文，並引李氏嘉謨、焦竑、吳澄、羅什諸說。王夫之以取者恩而失者怨，上禮不免攘臂。諸家皆以取天下在無事得人心，不在智力造作。", "introTrad": "河上公以取為治，治天下常當以無事，好有事則政教煩而民不安。王弼以動常因，故取天下常以無事；自已造則失統本。成玄英以取為攝化，雖應物施為而心未嘗有事；心未虛忘而以事為事，則不足以攝化天下。唐玄宗御注以無為無事則天下歸懷，有事煩勞則凋弊；御疏以政令煩苛、禁網凝密則百姓不安、四方離散。李榮以無為攝天下則無有不可，以有事取天下則無有得可。陸希聲以有為有事則民勞而叛，無為無事則民逸而歸；取天下在得人心，使其自來歸之。呂惠卿以取天下常以无事，觀莊周應帝王可知。蘇轍以人皆有欲取天下之心，造事而求則物惡之而終不可得；聖人無為無事，雖不取天下而天下歸之。吳澄以無事即無為，德盛而自歸，必用智力則不足取天下。憨山以取天下貴常以無事，有事則有欲而民擾。魏源校王弼、河上、傅奕異文，並引李氏嘉謨、焦竑、吳澄、羅什諸說。王夫之以取者恩而失者怨，上禮不免攘臂。諸家皆以取天下在無事得人心，不在智力造作。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "取為治；治天下常當以無事，好有事則政教煩、民不安。", "thesisTrad": "取為治；治天下常當以無事，好有事則政教煩、民不安。", "noteIds": [ "c030", "c042" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "取为治；治天下常当以无事，好有事则政教烦、民不安。" }, "wangbi": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "動常因，故取天下常以無事；自已造則失統本。", "thesisTrad": "動常因，故取天下常以無事；自已造則失統本。", "noteIds": [ "c031", "c043" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "动常因，故取天下常以无事；自已造则失统本。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "取為攝化，雖應物施為而心未嘗有事；以事為事則不足以攝化。", "thesisTrad": "取為攝化，雖應物施為而心未嘗有事；以事為事則不足以攝化。", "noteIds": [ "c032", "c044" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "取为摄化，虽应物施为而心未尝有事；以事为事则不足以摄化。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "無為無事則天下歸懷；政令煩苛、禁網凝密則百姓不安。", "thesisTrad": "無為無事則天下歸懷；政令煩苛、禁網凝密則百姓不安。", "noteIds": [ "c033", "c034", "c045", "c046" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "无为无事则天下归怀；政令烦苛、禁网凝密则百姓不安。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "以無為攝天下則無有不可，以有事取天下則無有得可。", "thesisTrad": "以無為攝天下則無有不可，以有事取天下則無有得可。", "noteIds": [ "c035" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "以无为摄天下则无有不可，以有事取天下则无有得可。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "有為有事則民勞而叛，無為無事則民逸而歸；取天下在得人心。", "thesisTrad": "有為有事則民勞而叛，無為無事則民逸而歸；取天下在得人心。", "noteIds": [ "c036" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "有为有事则民劳而叛，无为无事则民逸而归；取天下在得人心。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "取天下常以无事；觀莊周應帝王可知。", "thesisTrad": "取天下常以无事；觀莊周應帝王可知。", "noteIds": [ "c037" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "取天下常以无事；观庄周应帝王可知。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "造事而求則物惡之而終不可得；聖人無為無事而天下歸之。", "thesisTrad": "造事而求則物惡之而終不可得；聖人無為無事而天下歸之。", "noteIds": [ "c038" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "造事而求则物恶之而终不可得；圣人无为无事而天下归之。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "無事即無為，德盛自歸；必用智力則不足取天下。", "thesisTrad": "無事即無為，德盛自歸；必用智力則不足取天下。", "noteIds": [ "c039" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "无事即无为，德盛自归；必用智力则不足取天下。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "取天下貴常以無事；有事則有欲而民擾。", "thesisTrad": "取天下貴常以無事；有事則有欲而民擾。", "noteIds": [ "c040" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "取天下贵常以无事；有事则有欲而民扰。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "校王弼、河上、傅奕異文，並引李氏嘉謨、焦竑、吳澄、羅什諸說。", "thesisTrad": "校王弼、河上、傅奕異文，並引李氏嘉謨、焦竑、吳澄、羅什諸說。", "noteIds": [ "c041", "c015" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "校王弼、河上、傅奕异文，并引李氏嘉谟、焦竑、吴澄、罗什诸说。" }, "wangfuzhi": { "workType": "衍", "workTypeTrad": "衍", "thesis": "取者恩而失者怨；上禮不免攘臂。", "thesisTrad": "取者恩而失者怨；上禮不免攘臂。", "noteIds": [ "c016" ], "workTypeSimp": "衍", "thesisSimp": "取者恩而失者怨；上礼不免攘臂。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c030", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公以取為治，治天下常當無事立義。", "textTrad": "河上公以取為治，治天下常當無事立義。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公以取为治，治天下常当无事立义。" }, { "noteId": "c031", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "王弼以動常因，說明無事的根據。", "textTrad": "王弼以動常因，說明無事的根據。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "王弼以动常因，说明无事的根据。" }, { "noteId": "c032", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英以攝化釋取，強調心未嘗有事。", "textTrad": "成玄英以攝化釋取，強調心未嘗有事。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英以摄化释取，强调心未尝有事。" }, { "noteId": "c033", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "唐玄宗以無為無事則天下歸懷，落在治世。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗以無為無事則天下歸懷，落在治世。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "唐玄宗以无为无事则天下归怀，落在治世。" }, { "noteId": "c035", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮以無為攝天下皆可、以有事取天下皆不可。", "textTrad": "李榮以無為攝天下皆可、以有事取天下皆不可。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣以无为摄天下皆可、以有事取天下皆不可。" }, { "noteId": "c036", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "陸希聲以民勞則叛、民逸則歸，指出取天下在得人心。", "textTrad": "陸希聲以民勞則叛、民逸則歸，指出取天下在得人心。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "陆希声以民劳则叛、民逸则归，指出取天下在得人心。" }, { "noteId": "c037", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "呂惠卿以莊周應帝王相證，說取天下常以无事。", "textTrad": "呂惠卿以莊周應帝王相證，說取天下常以无事。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "吕惠卿以庄周应帝王相证，说取天下常以无事。" }, { "noteId": "c038", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "蘇轍以造事而求則物惡之，說明有事之失。", "textTrad": "蘇轍以造事而求則物惡之，說明有事之失。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "苏辙以造事而求则物恶之，说明有事之失。" }, { "noteId": "c039", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄以無事即無為、德盛自歸，語最直截。", "textTrad": "吳澄以無事即無為、德盛自歸，語最直截。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄以无事即无为、德盛自归，语最直截。" }, { "noteId": "c040", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "憨山以有事則有欲而民擾，補出「有事」的心理根源。", "textTrad": "憨山以有事則有欲而民擾，補出「有事」的心理根源。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "憨山以有事则有欲而民扰，补出「有事」的心理根源。" }, { "noteId": "c041", "relation": "本義", "relationTrad": "本義", "text": "魏源錄王弼、河上、傅奕異文。", "textTrad": "魏源錄王弼、河上、傅奕異文。", "relationSimp": "本义", "textSimp": "魏源录王弼、河上、傅奕异文。" }, { "noteId": "c015", "relation": "本義", "relationTrad": "本義", "text": "魏源引李氏嘉謨、焦竑、吳澄、羅什諸說，總明無事之旨。", "textTrad": "魏源引李氏嘉謨、焦竑、吳澄、羅什諸說，總明無事之旨。", "relationSimp": "本义", "textSimp": "魏源引李氏嘉谟、焦竑、吴澄、罗什诸说，总明无事之旨。" }, { "noteId": "c016", "relation": "衍", "relationTrad": "衍", "text": "王夫之以取者恩而失者怨，警戒有取之患。", "textTrad": "王夫之以取者恩而失者怨，警戒有取之患。", "relationSimp": "衍", "textSimp": "王夫之以取者恩而失者怨，警戒有取之患。" } ], "nameSimp": "取天下常以无事，及其有事，不足以取天下", "questionSimp": "为什么取天下必须「无事」？「有事」为何反不足取？", "introSimp": "河上公以取为治，治天下常当以无事，好有事则政教烦而民不安。王弼以动常因，故取天下常以无事；自已造则失统本。成玄英以取为摄化，虽应物施为而心未尝有事；心未虚忘而以事为事，则不足以摄化天下。唐玄宗御注以无为无事则天下归怀，有事烦劳则凋弊；御疏以政令烦苛、禁网凝密则百姓不安、四方离散。李荣以无为摄天下则无有不可，以有事取天下则无有得可。陆希声以有为有事则民劳而叛，无为无事则民逸而归；取天下在得人心，使其自来归之。吕惠卿以取天下常以无事，观庄周应帝王可知。苏辙以人皆有欲取天下之心，造事而求则物恶之而终不可得；圣人无为无事，虽不取天下而天下归之。吴澄以无事即无为，德盛而自归，必用智力则不足取天下。憨山以取天下贵常以无事，有事则有欲而民扰。魏源校王弼、河上、傅奕异文，并引李氏嘉谟、焦竑、吴澄、罗什诸说。王夫之以取者恩而失者怨，上礼不免攘臂。诸家皆以取天下在无事得人心，不在智力造作。" } ], "requiredSources": [ "heshanggong", "tangxuanzong" ] }, "schema": "librebook.chapter/1", "generatedAt": "2026-10-30T11:41:46.911Z", "keyPrefix": "laozi-48", "idRules": { "chapter": "章节目录名（slug），如 01；URL 为 /laozi/01/。", "sentence": "章内局部编号 sNNN，全篇引用使用 laozi-01:sNNN；页面锚点继续使用 #sNNN。", "commentary": "章内注号 cNNN，字词注 nNNN，校记 kNNN；编号在章内稳定，跨章引用时加章节前缀。", "paragraph": "章内段落号 pNNN，与 sentence.paragraph 对应。" }, "book": { "id": "laozi", "slug": "laozi", "title": "老子", "titleSimp": "老子", "author": "老聃", "authorSimp": "老聃", "era": "春秋", "eraSimp": "春秋", "editor": "河上公、王弼等", "editorSimp": "河上公、王弼等", "edition": "王弼《老子注》", "editionSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "baseLabel": "王弼《老子注》", "baseLabelSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "separationLabel": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英義疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、嚴遵指歸、李榮注、陸希聲傳、呂惠卿傳、蘇轍老子解、吳澄道德真經注、憨山道德經解、魏源老子本義、俞樾平議、王夫之老子衍十四家", "separationLabelSimp": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英义疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、严遵指归、李荣注、陆希声传、吕惠卿传、苏辙老子解、吴澄道德真经注、憨山道德经解、魏源老子本义、俞樾平议、王夫之老子衍十四家", "intro": "《老子》八十一章，分道經、德經。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》為底本，逐章整理正文、舊注、今譯與校記；第一至八十一章已上線，全帙完竣。", "introSimp": "《老子》八十一章，分道经、德经。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》为底本，逐章整理正文、旧注、今译与校记；第一至八十一章已上线，全帙完竣。" }, "volume": { "id": "dejing", "order": 2, "title": "德經", "titleSimp": "德经" }, "chapter": { "id": "laozi-48", "slug": "48", "order": 48, "title": "第四十八章", "titleSimp": "第四十八章", "status": "published", "revision": "初校", "review": "待复核", "updated": "2026-10-30", "summary": "全章五句：首二句以「為學日益」與「為道日損」對舉；第三句言損之又損以至無為；第四句言無為而無不為；末二句言取天下常以無事、有事則不足以取天下。河上公以政教禮樂之學為俗學，情欲文飾日以益多；自然之道則情欲文飾日以消損；損情欲又損之，漸去以至於恬然如嬰兒、無所造為；情欲斷絕、德與道合，則無所不施、無所不為；取為治，治天下常當以無事，好有事則政教煩而民不安。王弼以務進所能、益其所習為學，務反虛無為道；有為則有所失，故無為乃無所不為；動常因，故取天下常以無事；自已造則失統本，故不足以取天下。成玄英以俗學銳情分別、累欲日增；修道虛夷恬淡，智德漸明而累惑日損；前損損有、後損損無，二偏雙遣以至於一中之無為；至寂而動、即體而用，故無所不為；取為攝化，雖應物施為而心未嘗有事，以事為事則不足以攝化。唐玄宗御注以益見聞為修學之漸、損功行為悟道之門；因益積功、忘功體道；損功行而兼忘欲損之心則泊然無為；絕德與道合則無所不施；無為無事則天下歸懷；有事則煩勞凋弊，不足以取天下。御疏以人君善教則天下應之以善，不煩出戶而天下可知；天人相應、精氣交通，人君為政以德則象緯不迷；前損忘迹、後損忘心，心迹俱忘可為造極；有為則有礙，無為則無礙，故能無所不為；取猶攝化，無事則下人不擾、無為則百姓自安；政令煩苛、禁網凝密則百姓不安、四方離散。嚴遵《玄德纂疏》卷十三存輯文一條，以去知為道，不知之知為知之祖、不教之教為教之宗、神明所因、天地之師。李榮以增卷軸、長見聞、利名聲、加嗜欲為學；文理雙忘、物我同遣為道；捨有歸無為損，有去無忘為又損，理冥真寂為至無為；無為非兀然拱手，無為而無不為非無為也，寂動俱息；以無為攝天下則無有不可，以有事取天下則無有得可。陸希聲以博聞多識、通理為日益，秉要執本、簡事為日損，學之日益實資道之日損；損在漸、不可頓去，損之至乎無為則能無不為；有為有事則民勞而叛，無為無事則民逸而歸，取天下在得人心。呂惠卿以未聞道而求之為益，已聞道而期於無為為損；并其損之者而損，然後至於無為；無為者無有，而無不為者乃所以並無其無；取天下常以無事，觀莊周應帝王可知。蘇轍以不知道而務學、聞見日多而無以一之為學；去妄復性為道，去妄之心猶存，兼忘此心則純性無餘；兼忘去妄之心則無所不為而不失無為；造事而求則物惡之而終不可得，聖人無為無事而天下歸之。吳澄以患寡務博為日益，自有反無為日損；減損有為之事，損之又損至無可損則無為；一事不為，故能事事無不為；無事即無為，德盛自歸，必用智力則不足取天下。憨山以增長知見為學，克去情欲、窮形泯智為道；初以智去情，情忘則智亦泯，心境兩忘、私欲淨盡；我無為而民自化，由無為而後可以大有為，故無不為；取天下貴常以無事，有事則有欲而民擾。魏源以此章為其第四十一章，校傅奕兩「日」上各有「者」字、「無為則無不為」、「將欲取天下者」、河上「損之又損之」多一「之」字、「不足」作「不可」等異文，並引李氏嘉謨、焦竑、吳澄、羅什諸說。王夫之以損於有者益於無，去其所取、全其未有取；賓百為而天下來賓；取者恩而失者怨，上禮不免攘臂。河上公五注、王弼四注、成玄英五注、唐玄宗御注御疏十注、嚴遵一注、李榮四注、陸希聲三注、呂惠卿二注、蘇轍四注、吳澄三注、憨山二注、魏源三注、王夫之一注；俞樾《諸子平議》此章未列，故十三家。河上公題「忘知第四十八」，《玄德纂疏》卷十三、呂惠卿、蘇轍題「為學日益章第四十八」，王弼本無章題；吳澄以此章自為其第四十章，正文作「無為而無不為矣」「取天下者常以無事」；魏源以此章為其第四十一章；嚴遵本無章題，此章自為一篇。諸本異文：傅奕兩「日」上各有「者」字，又作「無為則無不為」「將欲取天下者」「又不足以」；河上「損之又損之」多一「之」字，「不足」作「不可」；吳澄「無為而無不為矣」，取天下句作「取天下者常以無事」；憨山作「故取天下常以無事，乃其有事」；並見校記。", "summarySimp": "全章五句：首二句以「为学日益」与「为道日损」对举；第三句言损之又损以至无为；第四句言无为而无不为；末二句言取天下常以无事、有事则不足以取天下。河上公以政教礼乐之学为俗学，情欲文饰日以益多；自然之道则情欲文饰日以消损；损情欲又损之，渐去以至于恬然如婴儿、无所造为；情欲断绝、德与道合，则无所不施、无所不为；取为治，治天下常当以无事，好有事则政教烦而民不安。王弼以务进所能、益其所习为学，务反虚无为道；有为则有所失，故无为乃无所不为；动常因，故取天下常以无事；自已造则失统本，故不足以取天下。成玄英以俗学锐情分别、累欲日增；修道虚夷恬淡，智德渐明而累惑日损；前损损有、后损损无，二偏双遣以至于一中之无为；至寂而动、即体而用，故无所不为；取为摄化，虽应物施为而心未尝有事，以事为事则不足以摄化。唐玄宗御注以益见闻为修学之渐、损功行为悟道之门；因益积功、忘功体道；损功行而兼忘欲损之心则泊然无为；绝德与道合则无所不施；无为无事则天下归怀；有事则烦劳凋弊，不足以取天下。御疏以人君善教则天下应之以善，不烦出户而天下可知；天人相应、精气交通，人君为政以德则象纬不迷；前损忘迹、后损忘心，心迹俱忘可为造极；有为则有碍，无为则无碍，故能无所不为；取犹摄化，无事则下人不扰、无为则百姓自安；政令烦苛、禁网凝密则百姓不安、四方离散。严遵《玄德纂疏》卷十三存辑文一条，以去知为道，不知之知为知之祖、不教之教为教之宗、神明所因、天地之师。李荣以增卷轴、长见闻、利名声、加嗜欲为学；文理双忘、物我同遣为道；舍有归无为损，有去无忘为又损，理冥真寂为至无为；无为非兀然拱手，无为而无不为非无为也，寂动俱息；以无为摄天下则无有不可，以有事取天下则无有得可。陆希声以博闻多识、通理为日益，秉要执本、简事为日损，学之日益实资道之日损；损在渐、不可顿去，损之至乎无为则能无不为；有为有事则民劳而叛，无为无事则民逸而归，取天下在得人心。吕惠卿以未闻道而求之为益，已闻道而期于无为为损；并其损之者而损，然后至于无为；无为者无有，而无不为者乃所以并无其无；取天下常以无事，观庄周应帝王可知。苏辙以不知道而务学、闻见日多而无以一之为学；去妄复性为道，去妄之心犹存，兼忘此心则纯性无余；兼忘去妄之心则无所不为而不失无为；造事而求则物恶之而终不可得，圣人无为无事而天下归之。吴澄以患寡务博为日益，自有反无为日损；减损有为之事，损之又损至无可损则无为；一事不为，故能事事无不为；无事即无为，德盛自归，必用智力则不足取天下。憨山以增长知见为学，克去情欲、穷形泯智为道；初以智去情，情忘则智亦泯，心境两忘、私欲净尽；我无为而民自化，由无为而后可以大有为，故无不为；取天下贵常以无事，有事则有欲而民扰。魏源以此章为其第四十一章，校傅奕两「日」上各有「者」字、「无为则无不为」、「将欲取天下者」、河上「损之又损之」多一「之」字、「不足」作「不可」等异文，并引李氏嘉谟、焦竑、吴澄、罗什诸说。王夫之以损于有者益于无，去其所取、全其未有取；宾百为而天下来宾；取者恩而失者怨，上礼不免攘臂。河上公五注、王弼四注、成玄英五注、唐玄宗御注御疏十注、严遵一注、李荣四注、陆希声三注、吕惠卿二注、苏辙四注、吴澄三注、憨山二注、魏源三注、王夫之一注；俞樾《诸子平议》此章未列，故十三家。河上公题「忘知第四十八」，《玄德纂疏》卷十三、吕惠卿、苏辙题「为学日益章第四十八」，王弼本无章题；吴澄以此章自为其第四十章，正文作「无为而无不为矣」「取天下者常以无事」；魏源以此章为其第四十一章；严遵本无章题，此章自为一篇。诸本异文：傅奕两「日」上各有「者」字，又作「无为则无不为」「将欲取天下者」「又不足以」；河上「损之又损之」多一「之」字，「不足」作「不可」；吴澄「无为而无不为矣」，取天下句作「取天下者常以无事」；憨山作「故取天下常以无事，乃其有事」；并见校记。", 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