{
 "meta": {
  "book": {
   "id": "laozi",
   "title": "老子",
   "titleSimp": "老子",
   "author": "老聃",
   "authorSimp": "老聃",
   "era": "春秋",
   "eraSimp": "春秋",
   "editor": "河上公、王弼等",
   "editorSimp": "河上公、王弼等",
   "edition": "王弼《老子注》",
   "editionSimp": "王弼《老子注》",
   "slug": "laozi",
   "baseLabel": "王弼《老子注》",
   "baseLabelSimp": "王弼《老子注》",
   "separationLabel": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英義疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、嚴遵指歸、李榮注、陸希聲傳、呂惠卿傳、蘇轍老子解、吳澄道德真經注、憨山道德經解、魏源老子本義、俞樾平議、王夫之老子衍十四家",
   "separationLabelSimp": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英义疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、严遵指归、李荣注、陆希声传、吕惠卿传、苏辙老子解、吴澄道德真经注、憨山道德经解、魏源老子本义、俞樾平议、王夫之老子衍十四家",
   "intro": "《老子》八十一章，分道經、德經。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》為底本，逐章整理正文、舊注、今譯與校記；第一至八十一章已上線，全帙完竣。",
   "introSimp": "《老子》八十一章，分道经、德经。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》为底本，逐章整理正文、旧注、今译与校记；第一至八十一章已上线，全帙完竣。"
  },
  "chapter": {
   "id": "laozi-49",
   "no": 49,
   "part": "德經",
   "partSimp": "德经",
   "title": "第四十九章",
   "titleSimp": "第四十九章",
   "intro": "《老子》第四十九章，河上公題「任德第四十九」，《玄德纂疏》卷十三、呂惠卿、蘇轍題「聖人無常心章第四十九」，王弼本無章題；吳澄以此章為其第四十一章；魏源以此章為其第四十二章；嚴遵本無章題，此章自為一篇。王弼本五句：聖人無常心，以百姓心為心；善者吾善之，不善者吾亦善之，德善；信者吾信之，不信者吾亦信之，德信；聖人在天下，歙歙焉，為天下渾其心；百姓皆注其耳目，聖人皆孩之。全章由「無常心」發端，以百姓心為心，再以善不善、信不信皆善皆信明「德善」「德信」，末以聖人渾心、百姓注耳目、聖人皆孩之收束。河上公以聖人重改更、貴因循，若自無心，百姓心之所便因而從之；善者因而善之，不善者化之使善；信者因而信之，不信者化之使信；在天下怵怵，常恐怖富貴、不敢驕奢；渾其心若愚闇不通；注，用也，百姓皆用其耳目為聖人視聽；愛念百姓如嬰兒赤子，長養而不責望其報。王弼以動常因為無常心之解；各因其用則善不失、德善無棄人；聖人在天下歙歙，心無所主，為天下渾心，意無所適莫；無所察、無所求則百姓莫不用其情；百姓各用聰明，聖人皆孩之，皆使和而無欲如嬰兒。成玄英以體道凝淡、虛懷絕慮，心與太空均其寂泊故無心；有感斯應，應隨物感，故以百姓心為心；善者無欲修學之士，不善者有為滯境之人，普以平等勝善教之令得善；信者聞經愛樂，不信者不樂道聞，普發信心；惵惵勤懼，混混沌沌無分別；六根偏舉耳目，欲明此二為患最深；哀其無識如嬰兒可愍。唐玄宗御注以物感而應、應在於感故無常心，心雖無常唯在化善；欲善信者因而善信之，不信者亦以善信教之；聖人在理天下常惵惵用心而聖心凝寂，渾同用心皆為天下；百姓化聖德為善，傾注耳目以觀聽；聖人念蒼生如慈母，視百姓皆如嬰孩。御疏以應必緣感、感既不一故應無常心，義存慈救；善者回向正道，獎之以進修；信謂聞道勤行，應之以至誠；不信謂強梁背教，以平等正信化導；惵惵憂勤，聖人混迹用心；百姓被聖德歸善，傾注耳目取則；視之如慈母於赤子。嚴遵《玄德纂疏》卷十三存輯文三條：一以無心之心為心之主，去心則危者復寧、用心則安者復亡，上含道德之化、下包萬人之心，視心如身，去我情欲、取人所安、與人大同；一以善不善皆善、信不信皆信，信為誠實，感德以變其情；一以惵惵若恢恢，虛心以包萬方。李榮以君上無心於有為、任百姓之自化；聖人無情分別，逐萬有而感通；無心分別則善不善皆善，是謂得善；無可無不可皆順，是謂大順；惵惵不住，泛泛隨機，混分別、齊是非；百姓縱心逐欲，注耳目於聲色，聖人隨機闡教，說己化他，如嬰孩赤子。陸希聲以體道無為、物感則應，應其所感故無常心；百姓之心常欲安生遂性，聖人常使人人得其所欲，是以百姓心為心；好善者因以善輔，不善者亦因而善待，使感吾善化而為善；好信者以此化之，天下無不信；惵惵然應物未嘗少息，而其心渾然與天下為一；仲尼絕四，故無可無不可、無為無不為；百姓注耳目於聖人，若嬰兒仰慈母，聖人視之唯恐其傷。呂惠卿以人心操存捨亡、出入無時、莫知其鄉；聖人先得我心之盡，故無常心而以百姓心為心，猶鑒無常形而應形；善不善、信不信無常，以德善之、德信之；德者性之所自出，則無不善不信；惵惵不已，為百姓渾其心，使信善者不以自異、不善不信者不自棄；百姓注耳目唯聖人之為視聽，聖人遇之以慈、待之以厚。蘇轍以虛空無形、因萬物之形以為形，聖人無心、因百姓之心以為心；善不善在彼而吾之所以善之者未嘗渝，信不信在彼而吾之所以信之者未嘗變，故德善、德信；不然善善而棄不善、信信而棄不信，豈常善救人無棄人哉；天下善惡信偽各自是以相非相賊，聖人惵惵為天下渾其心，皆以一待之；彼注耳目以觀予奪，吾一以嬰兒遇之，善者不矜、惡者不慍，釋然皆化而天下定。吳澄以此章為其第四十一章；以聖人無常心、以百姓之心為心，引政和註「虛而能受、靜而能應」、董思靖「無我而不滯於物」；民之善不善、信不信，聖人不分是非皆以為善信，不善不信亦化而為善信，人人得此善信；歙歙縮意，王弼以心無所主釋之；渾為混同，皆孩之謂不生分別；引蘇轍說。憨山以聖人不言之教、無心成化，故無不可教之人；常者一定不移，聖心至虛無我、以至誠待物，曾無一定之心，但以百姓之心為心；聖人復乎性善而見人性皆善，善者固善之，不善者亦以善遇之，彼因我德所感亦化而為善，故曰德善；至誠待物而見人性皆誠，故曰德信；天下人心不古，聖人處厚不處薄，汲汲為天下渾厚其心；百姓注目傾耳司是非，聖人示以不識不知、無是無非，一以淳厚之德遇之若嬰孩，故不言而信、無為而化。魏源以此章為其第四十二章，校王弼德善德信下無「矣」字、一本德作得，聖人下一本有「之」字，「惵惵」王弼作「歙歙」、河上作「怵怵」、釋文作「惔惔」、一本「惵惵」下有「焉」字，「渾其心」傅奕作「渾渾焉」，「孩」釋文作「咳」；章末引呂惠卿、蘇轍、陳懿典諸說。王夫之以即有聖人豈能使天下皆孩；一生二而有陰陽，有陰陽而有性情，有性情而有是非；性情凝滯而執之以為常，常於此者不常於彼；唯執大常以無所常，故百姓可坐待其及；有漬而不受、有聲而不留，則善之來投若稚子學語；天下有目而注者多矣，與之為目則亦注也；聖人不為目，而天下自此孩矣。本站以王弼《老子注》為底本，分列河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英義疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、嚴遵指歸、李榮注、陸希聲傳、呂惠卿傳、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》與王夫之《老子衍》，並附編者今譯。俞樾《諸子平議》此章未列。",
   "introSimp": "《老子》第四十九章，河上公题「任德第四十九」，《玄德纂疏》卷十三、吕惠卿、苏辙题「圣人无常心章第四十九」，王弼本无章题；吴澄以此章为其第四十一章；魏源以此章为其第四十二章；严遵本无章题，此章自为一篇。王弼本五句：圣人无常心，以百姓心为心；善者吾善之，不善者吾亦善之，德善；信者吾信之，不信者吾亦信之，德信；圣人在天下，歙歙焉，为天下浑其心；百姓皆注其耳目，圣人皆孩之。全章由「无常心」发端，以百姓心为心，再以善不善、信不信皆善皆信明「德善」「德信」，末以圣人浑心、百姓注耳目、圣人皆孩之收束。河上公以圣人重改更、贵因循，若自无心，百姓心之所便因而从之；善者因而善之，不善者化之使善；信者因而信之，不信者化之使信；在天下怵怵，常恐怖富贵、不敢骄奢；浑其心若愚暗不通；注，用也，百姓皆用其耳目为圣人视听；爱念百姓如婴儿赤子，长养而不责望其报。王弼以动常因为无常心之解；各因其用则善不失、德善无弃人；圣人在天下歙歙，心无所主，为天下浑心，意无所适莫；无所察、无所求则百姓莫不用其情；百姓各用聪明，圣人皆孩之，皆使和而无欲如婴儿。成玄英以体道凝淡、虚怀绝虑，心与太空均其寂泊故无心；有感斯应，应随物感，故以百姓心为心；善者无欲修学之士，不善者有为滞境之人，普以平等胜善教之令得善；信者闻经爱乐，不信者不乐道闻，普发信心；惵惵勤惧，混混沌沌无分别；六根偏举耳目，欲明此二为患最深；哀其无识如婴儿可愍。唐玄宗御注以物感而应、应在于感故无常心，心虽无常唯在化善；欲善信者因而善信之，不信者亦以善信教之；圣人在理天下常惵惵用心而圣心凝寂，浑同用心皆为天下；百姓化圣德为善，倾注耳目以观听；圣人念苍生如慈母，视百姓皆如婴孩。御疏以应必缘感、感既不一故应无常心，义存慈救；善者回向正道，奖之以进修；信谓闻道勤行，应之以至诚；不信谓强梁背教，以平等正信化导；惵惵忧勤，圣人混迹用心；百姓被圣德归善，倾注耳目取则；视之如慈母于赤子。严遵《玄德纂疏》卷十三存辑文三条：一以无心之心为心之主，去心则危者复宁、用心则安者复亡，上含道德之化、下包万人之心，视心如身，去我情欲、取人所安、与人大同；一以善不善皆善、信不信皆信，信为诚实，感德以变其情；一以惵惵若恢恢，虚心以包万方。李荣以君上无心于有为、任百姓之自化；圣人无情分别，逐万有而感通；无心分别则善不善皆善，是谓得善；无可无不可皆顺，是谓大顺；惵惵不住，泛泛随机，混分别、齐是非；百姓纵心逐欲，注耳目于声色，圣人随机阐教，说己化他，如婴孩赤子。陆希声以体道无为、物感则应，应其所感故无常心；百姓之心常欲安生遂性，圣人常使人人得其所欲，是以百姓心为心；好善者因以善辅，不善者亦因而善待，使感吾善化而为善；好信者以此化之，天下无不信；惵惵然应物未尝少息，而其心浑然与天下为一；仲尼绝四，故无可无不可、无为无不为；百姓注耳目于圣人，若婴儿仰慈母，圣人视之唯恐其伤。吕惠卿以人心操存舍亡、出入无时、莫知其乡；圣人先得我心之尽，故无常心而以百姓心为心，犹鉴无常形而应形；善不善、信不信无常，以德善之、德信之；德者性之所自出，则无不善不信；惵惵不已，为百姓浑其心，使信善者不以自异、不善不信者不自弃；百姓注耳目唯圣人之为视听，圣人遇之以慈、待之以厚。苏辙以虚空无形、因万物之形以为形，圣人无心、因百姓之心以为心；善不善在彼而吾之所以善之者未尝渝，信不信在彼而吾之所以信之者未尝变，故德善、德信；不然善善而弃不善、信信而弃不信，岂常善救人无弃人哉；天下善恶信伪各自是以相非相贼，圣人惵惵为天下浑其心，皆以一待之；彼注耳目以观予夺，吾一以婴儿遇之，善者不矜、恶者不愠，释然皆化而天下定。吴澄以此章为其第四十一章；以圣人无常心、以百姓之心为心，引政和注「虚而能受、静而能应」、董思靖「无我而不滞于物」；民之善不善、信不信，圣人不分是非皆以为善信，不善不信亦化而为善信，人人得此善信；歙歙缩意，王弼以心无所主释之；浑为混同，皆孩之谓不生分别；引苏辙说。憨山以圣人不言之教、无心成化，故无不可教之人；常者一定不移，圣心至虚无我、以至诚待物，曾无一定之心，但以百姓之心为心；圣人复乎性善而见人性皆善，善者固善之，不善者亦以善遇之，彼因我德所感亦化而为善，故曰德善；至诚待物而见人性皆诚，故曰德信；天下人心不古，圣人处厚不处薄，汲汲为天下浑厚其心；百姓注目倾耳司是非，圣人示以不识不知、无是无非，一以淳厚之德遇之若婴孩，故不言而信、无为而化。魏源以此章为其第四十二章，校王弼德善德信下无「矣」字、一本德作得，圣人下一本有「之」字，「惵惵」王弼作「歙歙」、河上作「怵怵」、释文作「惔惔」、一本「惵惵」下有「焉」字，「浑其心」傅奕作「浑浑焉」，「孩」释文作「咳」；章末引吕惠卿、苏辙、陈懿典诸说。王夫之以即有圣人岂能使天下皆孩；一生二而有阴阳，有阴阳而有性情，有性情而有是非；性情凝滞而执之以为常，常于此者不常于彼；唯执大常以无所常，故百姓可坐待其及；有渍而不受、有声而不留，则善之来投若稚子学语；天下有目而注者多矣，与之为目则亦注也；圣人不为目，而天下自此孩矣。本站以王弼《老子注》为底本，分列河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英义疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、严遵指归、李荣注、陆希声传、吕惠卿传、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》与王夫之《老子衍》，并附编者今译。俞樾《诸子平议》此章未列。",
   "guide": "點擊任一句可展開句注；點擊字詞可看本句訓釋；按「諸家並觀」可將同一句的舊注並列對讀，本章十三家舊注。河上公、王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、嚴遵、李榮、蘇轍、吳澄逐句或分段分疏；陸希聲、呂惠卿、憨山各以整章一段通釋，本站按文義分條；魏源以章次校記與章末引說、王夫之以整章衍文。河上公題「任德」；吳澄以此章為其第四十一章，正文作「以百姓之心為心」「得善矣」「得信矣」「聖人之在天下」；魏源以此章為其第四十二章，正文作「惵惵」；憨山正文作「聖人之在天下，惵惵為天下渾其心」；王弼通行本作「歙歙焉」。俞樾《諸子平議》此章未列。",
   "guideSimp": "点击任一句可展开句注；点击字词可看本句训释；按「诸家并观」可将同一句的旧注并列对读，本章十三家旧注。河上公、王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、严遵、李荣、苏辙、吴澄逐句或分段分疏；陆希声、吕惠卿、憨山各以整章一段通释，本站按文义分条；魏源以章次校记与章末引说、王夫之以整章衍文。河上公题「任德」；吴澄以此章为其第四十一章，正文作「以百姓之心为心」「得善矣」「得信矣」「圣人之在天下」；魏源以此章为其第四十二章，正文作「惵惵」；憨山正文作「圣人之在天下，惵惵为天下浑其心」；王弼通行本作「歙歙焉」。俞樾《诸子平议》此章未列。",
   "slug": "49",
   "order": 49,
   "status": "published",
   "revision": "初校",
   "review": "待复核",
   "updated": "2026-10-30",
   "summary": "全章五句：首句言聖人無常心、以百姓心為心；第二、三句以善不善皆善、信不信皆信明「德善」「德信」；第四句言聖人在天下歙歙、為天下渾其心；末句言百姓皆注其耳目、聖人皆孩之。河上公以聖人重改更、貴因循，若自無心，百姓心之所便因而從之；善者因而善之，不善者化之使善；信者因而信之，不信者化之使信；在天下怵怵，常恐怖富貴、不敢驕奢；渾其心若愚闇不通；注為用，百姓皆用其耳目為聖人視聽；愛念百姓如嬰兒赤子，長養而不責望其報。王弼以動常因為無常心之解；各因其用則善不失、德善無棄人；聖人在天下歙歙，心無所主，為天下渾心，意無所適莫；無所察、無所求則百姓莫不用其情；百姓各用聰明，聖人皆孩之，皆使和而無欲如嬰兒。成玄英以體道凝淡、虛懷絕慮，心與太空均其寂泊故無心；有感斯應，應隨物感，故以百姓心為心；善者無欲修學之士，不善者有為滯境之人，普以平等勝善教之令得善；信者聞經愛樂，不信者不樂道聞，普發信心；惵惵勤懼，混混沌沌無分別；六根偏舉耳目，欲明此二為患最深；哀其無識如嬰兒可愍。唐玄宗御注以物感而應、應在於感故無常心，心雖無常唯在化善；欲善信者因而善信之，不信者亦以善信教之；聖人在理天下常惵惵用心而聖心凝寂，渾同用心皆為天下；百姓化聖德為善，傾注耳目以觀聽；聖人念蒼生如慈母，視百姓皆如嬰孩。御疏以應必緣感、感既不一故應無常心，義存慈救；善者回向正道，獎之以進修；信謂聞道勤行，應之以至誠；不信謂強梁背教，以平等正信化導；惵惵憂勤，聖人混迹用心；百姓被聖德歸善，傾注耳目取則；視之如慈母於赤子。嚴遵《玄德纂疏》卷十三存輯文三條，以無心之心為心之主、去心則危者復寧，以善不善皆善、信不信皆信，以惵惵若恢恢、虛心以包萬方。李榮以君上無心於有為、任百姓之自化；聖人無情分別，逐萬有而感通；無心分別則善不善皆善，是謂得善；無可無不可皆順，是謂大順；惵惵不住，泛泛隨機，混分別、齊是非；百姓縱心逐欲，注耳目於聲色，聖人隨機闡教，說己化他，如嬰孩赤子。陸希聲以體道無為、物感則應，應其所感故無常心；百姓之心常欲安生遂性，聖人常使人人得其所欲，是以百姓心為心；好善者因以善輔，不善者亦因而善待，使感吾善化而為善；好信者以此化之，天下無不信；惵惵然應物未嘗少息，而其心渾然與天下為一；仲尼絕四，故無可無不可、無為無不為；百姓注耳目於聖人，若嬰兒仰慈母，聖人視之唯恐其傷。呂惠卿以人心操存捨亡、出入無時、莫知其鄉；聖人先得我心之盡，故無常心而以百姓心為心，猶鑒無常形而應形；善不善、信不信無常，以德善之、德信之；德者性之所自出，則無不善不信；惵惵不已，為百姓渾其心，使信善者不以自異、不善不信者不自棄；百姓注耳目唯聖人之為視聽，聖人遇之以慈、待之以厚。蘇轍以虛空無形、因萬物之形以為形，聖人無心、因百姓之心以為心；善不善在彼而吾之所以善之者未嘗渝，信不信在彼而吾之所以信之者未嘗變，故德善、德信；不然善善而棄不善、信信而棄不信，豈常善救人無棄人哉；天下善惡信偽各自是以相非相賊，聖人惵惵為天下渾其心，皆以一待之；彼注耳目以觀予奪，吾一以嬰兒遇之，善者不矜、惡者不慍，釋然皆化而天下定。吳澄以此章為其第四十一章，以聖人無常心、以百姓之心為心，引政和註「虛而能受、靜而能應」、董思靖「無我而不滯於物」；民之善不善、信不信，聖人不分是非皆以為善信，不善不信亦化而為善信，人人得此善信；歙歙縮意，王弼以心無所主釋之；渾為混同，皆孩之謂不生分別；引蘇轍說。憨山以聖人不言之教、無心成化，故無不可教之人；常者一定不移，聖心至虛無我、以至誠待物，曾無一定之心，但以百姓之心為心；聖人復乎性善而見人性皆善，善者固善之，不善者亦以善遇之，彼因我德所感亦化而為善，故曰德善；至誠待物而見人性皆誠，故曰德信；天下人心不古，聖人處厚不處薄，汲汲為天下渾厚其心；百姓注目傾耳司是非，聖人示以不識不知、無是無非，一以淳厚之德遇之若嬰孩，故不言而信、無為而化。魏源以此章為其第四十二章，校王弼德善德信下無「矣」字、一本德作得，聖人下一本有「之」字，「惵惵」王弼作「歙歙」、河上作「怵怵」、釋文作「惔惔」、一本「惵惵」下有「焉」字，「渾其心」傅奕作「渾渾焉」，「孩」釋文作「咳」；章末引呂惠卿、蘇轍、陳懿典諸說。王夫之以即有聖人豈能使天下皆孩；一生二而有陰陽，有陰陽而有性情，有性情而有是非；性情凝滯而執之以為常，常於此者不常於彼；唯執大常以無所常，故百姓可坐待其及；有漬而不受、有聲而不留，則善之來投若稚子學語；天下有目而注者多矣，與之為目則亦注也；聖人不為目，而天下自此孩矣。河上公五注、王弼四注、成玄英六注、唐玄宗御注御疏十一注、嚴遵三注、李榮五注、陸希聲五注、呂惠卿四注、蘇轍三注、吳澄三注、憨山四注、魏源四注、王夫之一注；俞樾《諸子平議》此章未列，故十三家。河上公題「任德第四十九」，《玄德纂疏》卷十三、呂惠卿、蘇轍題「聖人無常心章第四十九」，王弼本無章題；吳澄以此章為其第四十一章，正文作「以百姓之心為心」「得善矣」「得信矣」「聖人之在天下」；魏源以此章為其第四十二章，正文作「惵惵」；憨山正文作「聖人之在天下，惵惵為天下渾其心」。諸本異文：吳澄「以百姓之心為心」多一「之」字；陸希聲、蘇轍、憨山、魏源「德善」「德信」下有「矣」字，成玄英、李榮、吳澄作「得善」「得信」；河上公作「怵怵」，魏源、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、憨山作「惵惵」，《釋文》作「惔惔」；傅奕「渾其心」作「渾渾焉」；《釋文》「孩」作「咳」。正文從王弼通行本，異文見校記。",
   "summarySimp": "全章五句：首句言圣人无常心、以百姓心为心；第二、三句以善不善皆善、信不信皆信明「德善」「德信」；第四句言圣人在天下歙歙、为天下浑其心；末句言百姓皆注其耳目、圣人皆孩之。河上公以圣人重改更、贵因循，若自无心，百姓心之所便因而从之；善者因而善之，不善者化之使善；信者因而信之，不信者化之使信；在天下怵怵，常恐怖富贵、不敢骄奢；浑其心若愚暗不通；注为用，百姓皆用其耳目为圣人视听；爱念百姓如婴儿赤子，长养而不责望其报。王弼以动常因为无常心之解；各因其用则善不失、德善无弃人；圣人在天下歙歙，心无所主，为天下浑心，意无所适莫；无所察、无所求则百姓莫不用其情；百姓各用聪明，圣人皆孩之，皆使和而无欲如婴儿。成玄英以体道凝淡、虚怀绝虑，心与太空均其寂泊故无心；有感斯应，应随物感，故以百姓心为心；善者无欲修学之士，不善者有为滞境之人，普以平等胜善教之令得善；信者闻经爱乐，不信者不乐道闻，普发信心；惵惵勤惧，混混沌沌无分别；六根偏举耳目，欲明此二为患最深；哀其无识如婴儿可愍。唐玄宗御注以物感而应、应在于感故无常心，心虽无常唯在化善；欲善信者因而善信之，不信者亦以善信教之；圣人在理天下常惵惵用心而圣心凝寂，浑同用心皆为天下；百姓化圣德为善，倾注耳目以观听；圣人念苍生如慈母，视百姓皆如婴孩。御疏以应必缘感、感既不一故应无常心，义存慈救；善者回向正道，奖之以进修；信谓闻道勤行，应之以至诚；不信谓强梁背教，以平等正信化导；惵惵忧勤，圣人混迹用心；百姓被圣德归善，倾注耳目取则；视之如慈母于赤子。严遵《玄德纂疏》卷十三存辑文三条，以无心之心为心之主、去心则危者复宁，以善不善皆善、信不信皆信，以惵惵若恢恢、虚心以包万方。李荣以君上无心于有为、任百姓之自化；圣人无情分别，逐万有而感通；无心分别则善不善皆善，是谓得善；无可无不可皆顺，是谓大顺；惵惵不住，泛泛随机，混分别、齐是非；百姓纵心逐欲，注耳目于声色，圣人随机阐教，说己化他，如婴孩赤子。陆希声以体道无为、物感则应，应其所感故无常心；百姓之心常欲安生遂性，圣人常使人人得其所欲，是以百姓心为心；好善者因以善辅，不善者亦因而善待，使感吾善化而为善；好信者以此化之，天下无不信；惵惵然应物未尝少息，而其心浑然与天下为一；仲尼绝四，故无可无不可、无为无不为；百姓注耳目于圣人，若婴儿仰慈母，圣人视之唯恐其伤。吕惠卿以人心操存舍亡、出入无时、莫知其乡；圣人先得我心之尽，故无常心而以百姓心为心，犹鉴无常形而应形；善不善、信不信无常，以德善之、德信之；德者性之所自出，则无不善不信；惵惵不已，为百姓浑其心，使信善者不以自异、不善不信者不自弃；百姓注耳目唯圣人之为视听，圣人遇之以慈、待之以厚。苏辙以虚空无形、因万物之形以为形，圣人无心、因百姓之心以为心；善不善在彼而吾之所以善之者未尝渝，信不信在彼而吾之所以信之者未尝变，故德善、德信；不然善善而弃不善、信信而弃不信，岂常善救人无弃人哉；天下善恶信伪各自是以相非相贼，圣人惵惵为天下浑其心，皆以一待之；彼注耳目以观予夺，吾一以婴儿遇之，善者不矜、恶者不愠，释然皆化而天下定。吴澄以此章为其第四十一章，以圣人无常心、以百姓之心为心，引政和注「虚而能受、静而能应」、董思靖「无我而不滞于物」；民之善不善、信不信，圣人不分是非皆以为善信，不善不信亦化而为善信，人人得此善信；歙歙缩意，王弼以心无所主释之；浑为混同，皆孩之谓不生分别；引苏辙说。憨山以圣人不言之教、无心成化，故无不可教之人；常者一定不移，圣心至虚无我、以至诚待物，曾无一定之心，但以百姓之心为心；圣人复乎性善而见人性皆善，善者固善之，不善者亦以善遇之，彼因我德所感亦化而为善，故曰德善；至诚待物而见人性皆诚，故曰德信；天下人心不古，圣人处厚不处薄，汲汲为天下浑厚其心；百姓注目倾耳司是非，圣人示以不识不知、无是无非，一以淳厚之德遇之若婴孩，故不言而信、无为而化。魏源以此章为其第四十二章，校王弼德善德信下无「矣」字、一本德作得，圣人下一本有「之」字，「惵惵」王弼作「歙歙」、河上作「怵怵」、释文作「惔惔」、一本「惵惵」下有「焉」字，「浑其心」傅奕作「浑浑焉」，「孩」释文作「咳」；章末引吕惠卿、苏辙、陈懿典诸说。王夫之以即有圣人岂能使天下皆孩；一生二而有阴阳，有阴阳而有性情，有性情而有是非；性情凝滞而执之以为常，常于此者不常于彼；唯执大常以无所常，故百姓可坐待其及；有渍而不受、有声而不留，则善之来投若稚子学语；天下有目而注者多矣，与之为目则亦注也；圣人不为目，而天下自此孩矣。河上公五注、王弼四注、成玄英六注、唐玄宗御注御疏十一注、严遵三注、李荣五注、陆希声五注、吕惠卿四注、苏辙三注、吴澄三注、憨山四注、魏源四注、王夫之一注；俞樾《诸子平议》此章未列，故十三家。河上公题「任德第四十九」，《玄德纂疏》卷十三、吕惠卿、苏辙题「圣人无常心章第四十九」，王弼本无章题；吴澄以此章为其第四十一章，正文作「以百姓之心为心」「得善矣」「得信矣」「圣人之在天下」；魏源以此章为其第四十二章，正文作「惵惵」；憨山正文作「圣人之在天下，惵惵为天下浑其心」。诸本异文：吴澄「以百姓之心为心」多一「之」字；陆希声、苏辙、憨山、魏源「德善」「德信」下有「矣」字，成玄英、李荣、吴澄作「得善」「得信」；河上公作「怵怵」，魏源、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、憨山作「惵惵」，《释文》作「惔惔」；傅奕「浑其心」作「浑浑焉」；《释文》「孩」作「咳」。正文从王弼通行本，异文见校记。",
   "dataFile": "data/chapters/laozi-49.json",
   "relationsFile": "data/commentary-relations-laozi-49.json",
   "url": "/laozi/49/",
   "volumeId": "dejing",
   "volumeTitle": "德經",
   "volumeTitleSimp": "德经",
   "orderLabel": "第四十九"
  },
  "edition": {
   "base": "王弼《老子注》",
   "baseEdition": "王弼《老子注》通行本",
   "separation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》、王弼《老子道德經注》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、嚴遵《道德真經指歸》、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》、王夫之《老子衍》諸本對校；河上公此章據四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引；成玄英、唐玄宗御注御疏、李榮、嚴遵此章據《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引",
   "punctuation": "數字轉錄所附現代標點，本站僅作閱讀輔助，尚未逐字復核原刻",
   "digital": "中華典藏網、識典古籍、大道家園公開轉錄、Kanripo 漢籍全文資料庫（僅作文字底本）",
   "caution": "王弼通行本作「聖人無常心，以百姓心為心。善者吾善之，不善者吾亦善之，德善。信者吾信之，不信者吾亦信之，德信。聖人在天下，歙歙焉，為天下渾其心。百姓皆注其耳目，聖人皆孩之」，五句；河上公題「任德第四十九」，《玄德纂疏》卷十三、呂惠卿、蘇轍題「聖人無常心章第四十九」；吳澄以此章為其第四十一章，正文作「以百姓之心為心」「得善矣」「得信矣」「聖人之在天下」；魏源以此章為其第四十二章，正文作「惵惵」；憨山正文作「聖人之在天下，惵惵為天下渾其心」。諸本異文：吳澄「以百姓之心為心」多一「之」字；陸希聲、蘇轍、憨山、魏源「德善」「德信」下有「矣」字，成玄英、李榮、吳澄作「得善」「得信」；河上公作「怵怵」，魏源、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、憨山作「惵惵」，《釋文》作「惔惔」；傅奕「渾其心」作「渾渾焉」；《釋文》「孩」作「咳」。正文從王弼通行本，異文見校記。",
   "baseSimp": "王弼《老子注》",
   "baseEditionSimp": "王弼《老子注》通行本",
   "separationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》、王弼《老子道德经注》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、严遵《道德真经指归》、李荣《道德真经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》、王夫之《老子衍》诸本对校；河上公此章据四部丛刊本，参校《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引；成玄英、唐玄宗御注御疏、李荣、严遵此章据《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引",
   "punctuationSimp": "数字转录所附现代标点，本站仅作阅读辅助，尚未逐字复核原刻",
   "digitalSimp": "中华典藏网、识典古籍、大道家园公开转录、Kanripo 汉籍全文资料库（仅作文字底本）",
   "cautionSimp": "王弼通行本作「圣人无常心，以百姓心为心。善者吾善之，不善者吾亦善之，德善。信者吾信之，不信者吾亦信之，德信。圣人在天下，歙歙焉，为天下浑其心。百姓皆注其耳目，圣人皆孩之」，五句；河上公题「任德第四十九」，《玄德纂疏》卷十三、吕惠卿、苏辙题「圣人无常心章第四十九」；吴澄以此章为其第四十一章，正文作「以百姓之心为心」「得善矣」「得信矣」「圣人之在天下」；魏源以此章为其第四十二章，正文作「惵惵」；憨山正文作「圣人之在天下，惵惵为天下浑其心」。诸本异文：吴澄「以百姓之心为心」多一「之」字；陆希声、苏辙、憨山、魏源「德善」「德信」下有「矣」字，成玄英、李荣、吴澄作「得善」「得信」；河上公作「怵怵」，魏源、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、憨山作「惵惵」，《释文》作「惔惔」；傅奕「浑其心」作「浑浑焉」；《释文》「孩」作「咳」。正文从王弼通行本，异文见校记。"
  },
  "license": {
   "historical": "公有領域",
   "translation": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
   "code": "MIT"
  },
  "stats": {
   "sentences": 5,
   "commentaries": 58,
   "charNotes": 13,
   "collations": 7
  }
 },
 "sources": [
  {
   "id": "heshanggong",
   "name": "河上公章句",
   "short": "河上公",
   "author": "河上公",
   "work": "老子道德經章句",
   "era": "漢",
   "years": "傳漢文帝時",
   "color": "#a3542c",
   "desc": "分章句解，兼重治身與治國；此章題「任德第四十九」，以聖人重改更、貴因循，若自無心，百姓心之所便因而從之；善者因而善之，不善者化之使善；信者因而信之，不信者化之使信；在天下怵怵，常恐怖富貴、不敢驕奢；渾其心若愚闇不通；注，用也，百姓皆用其耳目為聖人視聽；愛念百姓如嬰兒赤子，長養而不責望其報。此章據四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引；注五條。",
   "count": 5,
   "nameSimp": "河上公章句",
   "workSimp": "老子道德经章句",
   "authorSimp": "河上公",
   "eraSimp": "汉",
   "yearsSimp": "传汉文帝时",
   "descSimp": "分章句解，兼重治身与治国；此章题「任德第四十九」，以圣人重改更、贵因循，若自无心，百姓心之所便因而从之；善者因而善之，不善者化之使善；信者因而信之，不信者化之使信；在天下怵怵，常恐怖富贵、不敢骄奢；浑其心若愚暗不通；注，用也，百姓皆用其耳目为圣人视听；爱念百姓如婴儿赤子，长养而不责望其报。此章据四部丛刊本，参校《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引；注五条。",
   "shortSimp": "河上公"
  },
  {
   "id": "wangbi",
   "name": "王弼注",
   "short": "王注",
   "author": "王弼",
   "work": "老子道德經注",
   "era": "曹魏",
   "years": "226–249",
   "color": "#8c5a2b",
   "desc": "以崇本息末為宗；此章注四條，以動常因為無常心之解；各因其用則善不失、德善無棄人；聖人在天下歙歙，心無所主，為天下渾心，意無所適莫；無所察、無所求則百姓莫不用其情；百姓各用聰明，聖人皆孩之，皆使和而無欲如嬰兒。此章注據《道藏》本王弼《老子注》。",
   "count": 4,
   "nameSimp": "王弼注",
   "workSimp": "老子道德经注",
   "authorSimp": "王弼",
   "eraSimp": "曹魏",
   "yearsSimp": "226–249",
   "descSimp": "以崇本息末为宗；此章注四条，以动常因为无常心之解；各因其用则善不失、德善无弃人；圣人在天下歙歙，心无所主，为天下浑心，意无所适莫；无所察、无所求则百姓莫不用其情；百姓各用聪明，圣人皆孩之，皆使和而无欲如婴儿。此章注据《道藏》本王弼《老子注》。",
   "shortSimp": "王注"
  },
  {
   "id": "chengxuanying",
   "name": "成玄英疏",
   "short": "成疏",
   "author": "成玄英",
   "work": "老子道德經義疏",
   "era": "唐",
   "years": "約 608–669",
   "color": "#6b7a4a",
   "desc": "以重玄雙遣為宗；此章《玄德纂疏》卷十三存義疏，以體道凝淡、虛懷絕慮，心與太空均其寂泊故無心；有感斯應，應隨物感，故以百姓心為心；善者無欲修學之士，不善者有為滯境之人，普以平等勝善教之令得善；信者聞經愛樂，不信者不樂道聞，普發信心；惵惵勤懼，混混沌沌無分別；六根偏舉耳目，欲明此二為患最深；哀其無識如嬰兒可愍。注六條。",
   "count": 6,
   "nameSimp": "成玄英疏",
   "workSimp": "老子道德经义疏",
   "authorSimp": "成玄英",
   "eraSimp": "唐",
   "yearsSimp": "约 608–669",
   "descSimp": "以重玄双遣为宗；此章《玄德纂疏》卷十三存义疏，以体道凝淡、虚怀绝虑，心与太空均其寂泊故无心；有感斯应，应随物感，故以百姓心为心；善者无欲修学之士，不善者有为滞境之人，普以平等胜善教之令得善；信者闻经爱乐，不信者不乐道闻，普发信心；惵惵勤惧，混混沌沌无分别；六根偏举耳目，欲明此二为患最深；哀其无识如婴儿可愍。注六条。",
   "shortSimp": "成疏"
  },
  {
   "id": "tangxuanzong",
   "name": "唐玄宗御注御疏",
   "short": "御注",
   "author": "李隆基",
   "work": "道德真經注疏",
   "era": "唐",
   "years": "685–762",
   "color": "#9b3d3d",
   "desc": "帝王御注，兼採諸家；御注以物感而應、應在於感故無常心，心雖無常唯在化善；欲善信者因而善信之，不信者亦以善信教之；聖人在理天下常惵惵用心而聖心凝寂，渾同用心皆為天下；百姓化聖德為善，傾注耳目以觀聽；聖人念蒼生如慈母，視百姓皆如嬰孩。御疏以應必緣感、感既不一故應無常心，義存慈救；善者回向正道，獎之以進修；信謂聞道勤行，應之以至誠；不信謂強梁背教，以平等正信化導；惵惵憂勤，聖人混迹用心；百姓被聖德歸善，傾注耳目取則；視之如慈母於赤子。注十一條，御注五條、御疏六條。",
   "count": 11,
   "nameSimp": "唐玄宗御注御疏",
   "workSimp": "道德真经注疏",
   "authorSimp": "李隆基",
   "eraSimp": "唐",
   "yearsSimp": "685–762",
   "descSimp": "帝王御注，兼采诸家；御注以物感而应、应在于感故无常心，心虽无常唯在化善；欲善信者因而善信之，不信者亦以善信教之；圣人在理天下常惵惵用心而圣心凝寂，浑同用心皆为天下；百姓化圣德为善，倾注耳目以观听；圣人念苍生如慈母，视百姓皆如婴孩。御疏以应必缘感、感既不一故应无常心，义存慈救；善者回向正道，奖之以进修；信谓闻道勤行，应之以至诚；不信谓强梁背教，以平等正信化导；惵惵忧勤，圣人混迹用心；百姓被圣德归善，倾注耳目取则；视之如慈母于赤子。注十一条，御注五条、御疏六条。",
   "shortSimp": "御注"
  },
  {
   "id": "yanzun",
   "name": "嚴遵指歸",
   "short": "嚴指歸",
   "author": "嚴遵",
   "work": "道德真經指歸",
   "era": "漢",
   "years": "約前 83–10",
   "color": "#7a5c3e",
   "desc": "以「自然」「太和」立說；此章《玄德纂疏》卷十三存輯文三條：一以無心之心為心之主，去心則危者復寧、用心則安者復亡，上含道德之化、下包萬人之心，視心如身，去我情欲、取人所安、與人大同；一以善不善皆善、信不信皆信，信為誠實，感德以變其情；一以惵惵若恢恢，虛心以包萬方。嚴遵本無章題，此章自為一篇。輯文三條。",
   "count": 3,
   "nameSimp": "严遵指归",
   "workSimp": "道德真经指归",
   "authorSimp": "严遵",
   "eraSimp": "汉",
   "yearsSimp": "约前 83–10",
   "descSimp": "以「自然」「太和」立说；此章《玄德纂疏》卷十三存辑文三条：一以无心之心为心之主，去心则危者复宁、用心则安者复亡，上含道德之化、下包万人之心，视心如身，去我情欲、取人所安、与人大同；一以善不善皆善、信不信皆信，信为诚实，感德以变其情；一以惵惵若恢恢，虚心以包万方。严遵本无章题，此章自为一篇。辑文三条。",
   "shortSimp": "严指归"
  },
  {
   "id": "lirong",
   "name": "李榮注",
   "short": "李注",
   "author": "李榮",
   "work": "道德真經注",
   "era": "唐",
   "years": "生卒不詳",
   "color": "#4f6b7a",
   "desc": "唐初道士，以重玄遣執解《老》；此章《玄德纂疏》卷十三存注，以君上無心於有為、任百姓之自化；聖人無情分別，逐萬有而感通；無心分別則善不善皆善，是謂得善；無可無不可皆順，是謂大順；惵惵不住，泛泛隨機，混分別、齊是非；百姓縱心逐欲，注耳目於聲色，聖人隨機闡教，說己化他，如嬰孩赤子。注五條。",
   "count": 5,
   "nameSimp": "李荣注",
   "workSimp": "道德真经注",
   "authorSimp": "李荣",
   "eraSimp": "唐",
   "yearsSimp": "生卒不详",
   "descSimp": "唐初道士，以重玄遣执解《老》；此章《玄德纂疏》卷十三存注，以君上无心于有为、任百姓之自化；圣人无情分别，逐万有而感通；无心分别则善不善皆善，是谓得善；无可无不可皆顺，是谓大顺；惵惵不住，泛泛随机，混分别、齐是非；百姓纵心逐欲，注耳目于声色，圣人随机阐教，说己化他，如婴孩赤子。注五条。",
   "shortSimp": "李注"
  },
  {
   "id": "luxisheng",
   "name": "陸希聲傳",
   "short": "陸傳",
   "author": "陸希聲",
   "work": "道德經傳",
   "era": "唐",
   "years": "？–895",
   "color": "#6a5a7a",
   "desc": "以情性說道器；此章整章一傳，以體道無為、物感則應，應其所感故無常心；百姓之心常欲安生遂性，聖人常使人人得其所欲，是以百姓心為心；好善者因以善輔，不善者亦因而善待，使感吾善化而為善；好信者以此化之，天下無不信；惵惵然應物未嘗少息，而其心渾然與天下為一；仲尼絕四，故無可無不可、無為無不為；百姓注耳目於聖人，若嬰兒仰慈母，聖人視之唯恐其傷。此傳據《道藏》本，本站按文義分五條。",
   "count": 5,
   "nameSimp": "陆希声传",
   "workSimp": "道德经传",
   "authorSimp": "陆希声",
   "eraSimp": "唐",
   "yearsSimp": "？–895",
   "descSimp": "以情性说道器；此章整章一传，以体道无为、物感则应，应其所感故无常心；百姓之心常欲安生遂性，圣人常使人人得其所欲，是以百姓心为心；好善者因以善辅，不善者亦因而善待，使感吾善化而为善；好信者以此化之，天下无不信；惵惵然应物未尝少息，而其心浑然与天下为一；仲尼绝四，故无可无不可、无为无不为；百姓注耳目于圣人，若婴儿仰慈母，圣人视之唯恐其伤。此传据《道藏》本，本站按文义分五条。",
   "shortSimp": "陆传"
  },
  {
   "id": "lvhuiqing",
   "name": "呂惠卿傳",
   "short": "呂傳",
   "author": "呂惠卿",
   "work": "道德真經傳",
   "era": "北宋",
   "years": "1032–1111",
   "color": "#7a6a4a",
   "desc": "此章整章一傳，以人心操存捨亡、出入無時、莫知其鄉；聖人先得我心之盡，故無常心而以百姓心為心，猶鑒無常形而應形；善不善、信不信無常，以德善之、德信之；德者性之所自出，則無不善不信；惵惵不已，為百姓渾其心，使信善者不以自異、不善不信者不自棄；百姓注耳目唯聖人之為視聽，聖人遇之以慈、待之以厚。底本多用「无」字。此傳據《道藏》本，本站按文義分四條。",
   "count": 4,
   "nameSimp": "吕惠卿传",
   "workSimp": "道德真经传",
   "authorSimp": "吕惠卿",
   "eraSimp": "北宋",
   "yearsSimp": "1032–1111",
   "descSimp": "此章整章一传，以人心操存舍亡、出入无时、莫知其乡；圣人先得我心之尽，故无常心而以百姓心为心，犹鉴无常形而应形；善不善、信不信无常，以德善之、德信之；德者性之所自出，则无不善不信；惵惵不已，为百姓浑其心，使信善者不以自异、不善不信者不自弃；百姓注耳目唯圣人之为视听，圣人遇之以慈、待之以厚。底本多用「无」字。此传据《道藏》本，本站按文义分四条。",
   "shortSimp": "吕传"
  },
  {
   "id": "suzhe",
   "name": "蘇轍老子解",
   "short": "蘇解",
   "author": "蘇轍",
   "work": "老子解",
   "era": "北宋",
   "years": "1039–1112",
   "color": "#4a6a6a",
   "desc": "此章解三條，以虛空無形、因萬物之形以為形，聖人無心、因百姓之心以為心；善不善在彼而吾之所以善之者未嘗渝，信不信在彼而吾之所以信之者未嘗變，故德善、德信；不然善善而棄不善、信信而棄不信，豈常善救人無棄人哉；天下善惡信偽各自是以相非相賊，聖人惵惵為天下渾其心，皆以一待之；彼注耳目以觀予奪，吾一以嬰兒遇之，善者不矜、惡者不慍，釋然皆化而天下定。此章解據《道藏》本。",
   "count": 3,
   "nameSimp": "苏辙老子解",
   "workSimp": "老子解",
   "authorSimp": "苏辙",
   "eraSimp": "北宋",
   "yearsSimp": "1039–1112",
   "descSimp": "此章解三条，以虚空无形、因万物之形以为形，圣人无心、因百姓之心以为心；善不善在彼而吾之所以善之者未尝渝，信不信在彼而吾之所以信之者未尝变，故德善、德信；不然善善而弃不善、信信而弃不信，岂常善救人无弃人哉；天下善恶信伪各自是以相非相贼，圣人惵惵为天下浑其心，皆以一待之；彼注耳目以观予夺，吾一以婴儿遇之，善者不矜、恶者不愠，释然皆化而天下定。此章解据《道藏》本。",
   "shortSimp": "苏解"
  },
  {
   "id": "wucheng",
   "name": "吳澄道德真經注",
   "short": "吳注",
   "author": "吳澄",
   "work": "道德真經注",
   "era": "元",
   "years": "1249–1333",
   "color": "#5a6a3a",
   "desc": "此章自為其第四十一章；以聖人無常心、以百姓之心為心，引政和註「虛而能受、靜而能應」、董思靖「無我而不滯於物」；民之善不善、信不信，聖人不分是非皆以為善信，不善不信亦化而為善信，人人得此善信；歙歙縮意，王弼以心無所主釋之；渾為混同，皆孩之謂不生分別；引蘇轍說。底本正文作「以百姓之心為心」「得善矣」「得信矣」。注三條。",
   "count": 3,
   "nameSimp": "吴澄道德真经注",
   "workSimp": "道德真经注",
   "authorSimp": "吴澄",
   "eraSimp": "元",
   "yearsSimp": "1249–1333",
   "descSimp": "此章自为其第四十一章；以圣人无常心、以百姓之心为心，引政和注「虚而能受、静而能应」、董思靖「无我而不滞于物」；民之善不善、信不信，圣人不分是非皆以为善信，不善不信亦化而为善信，人人得此善信；歙歙缩意，王弼以心无所主释之；浑为混同，皆孩之谓不生分别；引苏辙说。底本正文作「以百姓之心为心」「得善矣」「得信矣」。注三条。",
   "shortSimp": "吴注"
  },
  {
   "id": "hanshan",
   "name": "憨山道德經解",
   "short": "憨山",
   "author": "釋德清",
   "work": "道德經解",
   "era": "明",
   "years": "1546–1623",
   "color": "#705a4a",
   "desc": "此章整章一解，以聖人不言之教、無心成化，故無不可教之人；常者一定不移，聖心至虛無我、以至誠待物，曾無一定之心，但以百姓之心為心；聖人復乎性善而見人性皆善，善者固善之，不善者亦以善遇之，彼因我德所感亦化而為善，故曰德善；至誠待物而見人性皆誠，故曰德信；天下人心不古，聖人處厚不處薄，汲汲為天下渾厚其心；百姓注目傾耳司是非，聖人示以不識不知、無是無非，一以淳厚之德遇之若嬰孩，故不言而信、無為而化。本站按文義分四條。",
   "count": 4,
   "nameSimp": "憨山道德经解",
   "workSimp": "道德经解",
   "authorSimp": "释德清",
   "eraSimp": "明",
   "yearsSimp": "1546–1623",
   "descSimp": "此章整章一解，以圣人不言之教、无心成化，故无不可教之人；常者一定不移，圣心至虚无我、以至诚待物，曾无一定之心，但以百姓之心为心；圣人复乎性善而见人性皆善，善者固善之，不善者亦以善遇之，彼因我德所感亦化而为善，故曰德善；至诚待物而见人性皆诚，故曰德信；天下人心不古，圣人处厚不处薄，汲汲为天下浑厚其心；百姓注目倾耳司是非，圣人示以不识不知、无是无非，一以淳厚之德遇之若婴孩，故不言而信、无为而化。本站按文义分四条。",
   "shortSimp": "憨山"
  },
  {
   "id": "weiyuan",
   "name": "魏源老子本義",
   "short": "魏本義",
   "author": "魏源",
   "work": "老子本義",
   "era": "清",
   "years": "1794–1857",
   "color": "#3d5a6a",
   "desc": "清儒治《老》，重校勘與通義；此章為其第四十二章，校王弼德善德信下無「矣」字、一本德作得，聖人下一本有「之」字，「惵惵」王弼作「歙歙」、河上作「怵怵」、釋文作「惔惔」、一本「惵惵」下有「焉」字，「渾其心」傅奕作「渾渾焉」，「孩」釋文作「咳」；章末引呂惠卿、蘇轍、陳懿典諸說。校記與引說四條。",
   "count": 4,
   "nameSimp": "魏源老子本义",
   "workSimp": "老子本义",
   "authorSimp": "魏源",
   "eraSimp": "清",
   "yearsSimp": "1794–1857",
   "descSimp": "清儒治《老》，重校勘与通义；此章为其第四十二章，校王弼德善德信下无「矣」字、一本德作得，圣人下一本有「之」字，「惵惵」王弼作「歙歙」、河上作「怵怵」、释文作「惔惔」、一本「惵惵」下有「焉」字，「浑其心」傅奕作「浑浑焉」，「孩」释文作「咳」；章末引吕惠卿、苏辙、陈懿典诸说。校记与引说四条。",
   "shortSimp": "魏本义"
  },
  {
   "id": "wangfuzhi",
   "name": "船山衍",
   "short": "船山",
   "author": "王夫之",
   "work": "老子衍",
   "era": "清",
   "years": "1619–1692",
   "color": "#3f5d52",
   "desc": "此章衍文一段，以即有聖人豈能使天下皆孩；一生二而有陰陽，有陰陽而有性情，有性情而有是非；性情凝滯而執之以為常，常於此者不常於彼；唯執大常以無所常，故百姓可坐待其及；有漬而不受、有聲而不留，則善之來投若稚子學語；天下有目而注者多矣，與之為目則亦注也；聖人不為目，而天下自此孩矣。衍一條。",
   "count": 1,
   "nameSimp": "船山衍",
   "workSimp": "老子衍",
   "authorSimp": "王夫之",
   "eraSimp": "清",
   "yearsSimp": "1619–1692",
   "descSimp": "此章衍文一段，以即有圣人岂能使天下皆孩；一生二而有阴阳，有阴阳而有性情，有性情而有是非；性情凝滞而执之以为常，常于此者不常于彼；唯执大常以无所常，故百姓可坐待其及；有渍而不受、有声而不留，则善之来投若稚子学语；天下有目而注者多矣，与之为目则亦注也；圣人不为目，而天下自此孩矣。衍一条。",
   "shortSimp": "船山"
  },
  {
   "id": "translator",
   "name": "本站今譯",
   "short": "今譯",
   "author": "LibreBook 編者",
   "work": "今譯",
   "era": "當代",
   "years": "",
   "color": "#8a8a8a",
   "desc": "編者據舊注與上下文所作語體今譯，供閱讀參照。",
   "count": 5,
   "nameSimp": "本站今译",
   "workSimp": "今译",
   "authorSimp": "LibreBook 编者",
   "eraSimp": "当代",
   "yearsSimp": "",
   "descSimp": "编者据旧注与上下文所作语体今译，供阅读参照。",
   "shortSimp": "今译"
  }
 ],
 "sentences": [
  {
   "id": "s001",
   "paragraph": 1,
   "text": "聖人無常心，以百姓心為心。",
   "textSimp": "圣人无常心，以百姓心为心。",
   "translation": "圣人没有固定不变的心，而以百姓的心为心。",
   "translationTrad": "聖人沒有固定不變的心，而以百姓的心為心。",
   "noteIds": [
    "c001",
    "c002",
    "c003",
    "c004",
    "c005",
    "c006",
    "c007",
    "c008",
    "c009",
    "c010",
    "c011",
    "c012",
    "c013",
    "c014"
   ],
   "noteCount": 14,
   "charNoteIds": [
    "n001",
    "n002",
    "n003"
   ],
   "key": "laozi-49:s001",
   "n": 1
  },
  {
   "id": "s002",
   "paragraph": 1,
   "text": "善者吾善之，不善者吾亦善之，德善。",
   "textSimp": "善者吾善之，不善者吾亦善之，德善。",
   "translation": "善的人，我善待他；不善的人，我也善待他，这就得到了善。",
   "translationTrad": "善的人，我善待他；不善的人，我也善待他，這就得到了善。",
   "noteIds": [
    "c015",
    "c016",
    "c017",
    "c018",
    "c019",
    "c020",
    "c021",
    "c022",
    "c023",
    "c024",
    "c010",
    "c025",
    "c026",
    "c027",
    "c028",
    "c014"
   ],
   "noteCount": 16,
   "charNoteIds": [
    "n004",
    "n005",
    "n006"
   ],
   "key": "laozi-49:s002",
   "n": 2
  },
  {
   "id": "s003",
   "paragraph": 1,
   "text": "信者吾信之，不信者吾亦信之，德信。",
   "textSimp": "信者吾信之，不信者吾亦信之，德信。",
   "translation": "守信的人，我信任他；不守信的人，我也信任他，这就得到了信。",
   "translationTrad": "守信的人，我信任他；不守信的人，我也信任他，這就得到了信。",
   "noteIds": [
    "c029",
    "c016",
    "c030",
    "c018",
    "c031",
    "c032",
    "c021",
    "c033",
    "c023",
    "c034",
    "c024",
    "c010",
    "c025",
    "c026",
    "c035",
    "c028",
    "c014"
   ],
   "noteCount": 17,
   "charNoteIds": [
    "n007",
    "n008",
    "n009"
   ],
   "key": "laozi-49:s003",
   "n": 3
  },
  {
   "id": "s004",
   "paragraph": 1,
   "text": "聖人在天下，歙歙焉，為天下渾其心。",
   "textSimp": "圣人在天下，歙歙焉，为天下浑其心。",
   "translation": "圣人治理天下，收敛谨慎，为天下人浑同自己的心。",
   "translationTrad": "聖人治理天下，收斂謹慎，為天下人渾同自己的心。",
   "noteIds": [
    "c036",
    "c037",
    "c038",
    "c039",
    "c040",
    "c041",
    "c042",
    "c043",
    "c044",
    "c045",
    "c046",
    "c047",
    "c048",
    "c014"
   ],
   "noteCount": 14,
   "charNoteIds": [
    "n010",
    "n011"
   ],
   "key": "laozi-49:s004",
   "n": 4
  },
  {
   "id": "s005",
   "paragraph": 1,
   "text": "百姓皆注其耳目，聖人皆孩之。",
   "textSimp": "百姓皆注其耳目，圣人皆孩之。",
   "translation": "百姓都专注地用自己的耳目，圣人却把他们都看作婴孩。",
   "translationTrad": "百姓都專注地用自己的耳目，聖人卻把他們都看作嬰孩。",
   "noteIds": [
    "c049",
    "c050",
    "c051",
    "c052",
    "c053",
    "c054",
    "c055",
    "c056",
    "c057",
    "c045",
    "c046",
    "c047",
    "c058",
    "c014"
   ],
   "noteCount": 14,
   "charNoteIds": [
    "n012",
    "n013"
   ],
   "key": "laozi-49:s005",
   "n": 5
  }
 ],
 "commentaries": [
  {
   "id": "c001",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "heshanggong",
   "target": {
    "start": "s001",
    "end": "s001"
   },
   "lemma": "聖人無常心，以百姓心為心",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "聖人無常心：聖人重改更，貴因循，若自無心也。以百姓心為心：百姓心之所便，因而從之。",
   "authorNote": "河上公此章據四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引。",
   "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）",
   "textSimp": "圣人无常心：圣人重改更，贵因循，若自无心也。以百姓心为心：百姓心之所便，因而从之。",
   "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）（河上公此章據四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引。）",
   "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本，参校《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）",
   "authorNoteSimp": "河上公此章据四部丛刊本，参校《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引。",
   "lemmaSimp": "圣人无常心，以百姓心为心"
  },
  {
   "id": "c002",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "wangbi",
   "target": {
    "start": "s001",
    "end": "s001"
   },
   "lemma": "聖人無常心，以百姓心為心",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "動常因也。",
   "authorNote": "王弼此章注據《道藏》本。",
   "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）",
   "textSimp": "动常因也。",
   "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）（王弼此章注據《道藏》本。）",
   "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》（《道藏》本）",
   "authorNoteSimp": "王弼此章注据《道藏》本。",
   "lemmaSimp": "圣人无常心，以百姓心为心"
  },
  {
   "id": "c003",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "chengxuanying",
   "target": {
    "start": "s001",
    "end": "s001"
   },
   "lemma": "聖人無常心，以百姓心為心",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "體道凝淡，虛懷絕慮，心與太空均其寂泊，故無心也。百姓，眾生也。然聖人無心，有感斯應，應隨物感，故以百姓心為心。既無心而應，亦不應應也。",
   "authorNote": "成玄英此章疏據《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引。",
   "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）",
   "textSimp": "体道凝淡，虚怀绝虑，心与太空均其寂泊，故无心也。百姓，众生也。然圣人无心，有感斯应，应随物感，故以百姓心为心。既无心而应，亦不应应也。",
   "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）（成玄英此章疏據《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引。）",
   "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）",
   "authorNoteSimp": "成玄英此章疏据《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引。",
   "lemmaSimp": "圣人无常心，以百姓心为心"
  },
  {
   "id": "c004",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "tangxuanzong",
   "target": {
    "start": "s001",
    "end": "s001"
   },
   "lemma": "聖人無常心，以百姓心為心",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "聖人之心，物感而應，應在於感，故無常心。心雖無常，唯在化善，是常以化百姓心為心爾。",
   "authorNote": "此為御注。",
   "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引御注御疏）",
   "textSimp": "圣人之心，物感而应，应在于感，故无常心。心虽无常，唯在化善，是常以化百姓心为心尔。",
   "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引御注御疏）（此為御注。）",
   "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引御注御疏）",
   "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注。",
   "lemmaSimp": "圣人无常心，以百姓心为心"
  },
  {
   "id": "c005",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "tangxuanzong",
   "target": {
    "start": "s001",
    "end": "s001"
   },
   "lemma": "聖人無常心，以百姓心為心",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "聖人虛忘，物感斯應，應必緣感，感既不一，故應無常心。心雖無常，義存慈救。以百姓有不信不善之心，故混同用心而以化導，故云無常心。",
   "authorNote": "此為御疏。",
   "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引御注御疏）",
   "textSimp": "圣人虚忘，物感斯应，应必缘感，感既不一，故应无常心。心虽无常，义存慈救。以百姓有不信不善之心，故混同用心而以化导，故云无常心。",
   "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）",
   "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引御注御疏）",
   "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。",
   "lemmaSimp": "圣人无常心，以百姓心为心"
  },
  {
   "id": "c006",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "yanzun",
   "target": {
    "start": "s001",
    "end": "s001"
   },
   "lemma": "聖人無常心，以百姓心為心",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "無心之心，心之主也。夫一人之身，去心則危者復寧，用心則安者復亡。若上含道德之化，下包萬人之心，物無大小，視心如身，去我情欲，取人所安，與人大同也。",
   "authorNote": "嚴遵此章輯文據《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引。",
   "citation": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引輯文）",
   "textSimp": "无心之心，心之主也。夫一人之身，去心则危者复宁，用心则安者复亡。若上含道德之化，下包万人之心，物无大小，视心如身，去我情欲，取人所安，与人大同也。",
   "citationFull": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引輯文）（嚴遵此章輯文據《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引。）",
   "citationSimp": "严遵《道德真经指归》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引辑文）",
   "authorNoteSimp": "严遵此章辑文据《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引。",
   "lemmaSimp": "圣人无常心，以百姓心为心"
  },
  {
   "id": "c007",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "lirong",
   "target": {
    "start": "s001",
    "end": "s001"
   },
   "lemma": "聖人無常心，以百姓心為心",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "君上無心於有為，任百姓之自化。聖人無情以分別，逐萬有而感通。",
   "authorNote": "李榮此章注據《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引。",
   "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）",
   "textSimp": "君上无心于有为，任百姓之自化。圣人无情以分别，逐万有而感通。",
   "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）（李榮此章注據《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引。）",
   "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）",
   "authorNoteSimp": "李荣此章注据《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引。",
   "lemmaSimp": "圣人无常心，以百姓心为心"
  },
  {
   "id": "c008",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "luxisheng",
   "target": {
    "start": "s001",
    "end": "s001"
   },
   "lemma": "聖人無常心，以百姓心為心",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "聖人體道無為，物感則應，應其所感，故無常心。然百姓之心常欲安其生而遂其性，聖人常使人人得其所欲，豈非以百姓心為心乎？",
   "authorNote": "陸希聲此章傳據《道藏》本；此傳整章通釋，今按文義分條。",
   "citation": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本）",
   "textSimp": "圣人体道无为，物感则应，应其所感，故无常心。然百姓之心常欲安其生而遂其性，圣人常使人人得其所欲，岂非以百姓心为心乎？",
   "citationFull": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本）（陸希聲此章傳據《道藏》本；此傳整章通釋，今按文義分條。）",
   "citationSimp": "陆希声《道德经传》（《道藏》本）",
   "authorNoteSimp": "陆希声此章传据《道藏》本；此传整章通释，今按文义分条。",
   "lemmaSimp": "圣人无常心，以百姓心为心"
  },
  {
   "id": "c009",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "lvhuiqing",
   "target": {
    "start": "s001",
    "end": "s001"
   },
   "lemma": "聖人無常心，以百姓心為心",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "人心其神矣乎！操則存，捨則亡，出入无時，莫知其鄉。操存捨亡，則无常體之可測；出入无時，則非今昔之可求；莫知其鄉，則非方所之可得。聖人先得我心之盡者也，故无常心而以百姓心為心，猶之鑒也，无常形以所應之形為形而已。",
   "authorNote": "呂惠卿此章傳據《道藏》本；此傳整章通釋，今按文義分條；底本多用「无」字，此存其舊。",
   "citation": "呂惠卿《道德真經傳》（《道藏》本）",
   "textSimp": "人心其神矣乎！操则存，舍则亡，出入无时，莫知其乡。操存舍亡，则无常体之可测；出入无时，则非今昔之可求；莫知其乡，则非方所之可得。圣人先得我心之尽者也，故无常心而以百姓心为心，犹之鉴也，无常形以所应之形为形而已。",
   "citationFull": "呂惠卿《道德真經傳》（《道藏》本）（呂惠卿此章傳據《道藏》本；此傳整章通釋，今按文義分條；底本多用「无」字，此存其舊。）",
   "citationSimp": "吕惠卿《道德真经传》（《道藏》本）",
   "authorNoteSimp": "吕惠卿此章传据《道藏》本；此传整章通释，今按文义分条；底本多用「无」字，此存其旧。",
   "lemmaSimp": "圣人无常心，以百姓心为心"
  },
  {
   "id": "c010",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "suzhe",
   "target": {
    "start": "s001",
    "end": "s003"
   },
   "lemma": "聖人無常心……德信",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "虛空無形，因萬物之形以為形，在方為方，在圓為圓；如使空自有形，則何以形萬物哉？是以聖人無心，因百姓之心以為心，無善不善皆善之，無信不信皆信之。",
   "authorNote": "蘇轍此章解據《道藏》本；此解分二條，今按文義分釋。",
   "citation": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本）",
   "textSimp": "虚空无形，因万物之形以为形，在方为方，在圆为圆；如使空自有形，则何以形万物哉？是以圣人无心，因百姓之心以为心，无善不善皆善之，无信不信皆信之。",
   "citationFull": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本）（蘇轍此章解據《道藏》本；此解分二條，今按文義分釋。）",
   "citationSimp": "苏辙《老子解》（《道藏》本）",
   "authorNoteSimp": "苏辙此章解据《道藏》本；此解分二条，今按文义分释。",
   "lemmaSimp": "圣人无常心……德信"
  },
  {
   "id": "c011",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "wucheng",
   "target": {
    "start": "s001",
    "end": "s001"
   },
   "lemma": "聖人無常心，以百姓心為心",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "政和註曰：聖人之心，虛而能受，靜而能應，如鏡對形，以彼妍醜；如谷應聲，以彼巨細，何常之有？董思靖曰：聖人無我，其心不滯於物，而物來順應。",
   "authorNote": "吳澄此章注據《道藏》本；吳澄以此章為其第四十一章；此條引政和註、董思靖說。",
   "citation": "吳澄《道德真經注》",
   "textSimp": "政和注曰：圣人之心，虚而能受，静而能应，如镜对形，以彼妍丑；如谷应声，以彼巨细，何常之有？董思靖曰：圣人无我，其心不滞于物，而物来顺应。",
   "citationFull": "吳澄《道德真經注》（吳澄此章注據《道藏》本；吳澄以此章為其第四十一章；此條引政和註、董思靖說。）",
   "citationSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》",
   "authorNoteSimp": "吴澄此章注据《道藏》本；吴澄以此章为其第四十一章；此条引政和注、董思靖说。",
   "lemmaSimp": "圣人无常心，以百姓心为心"
  },
  {
   "id": "c012",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "hanshan",
   "target": {
    "start": "s001",
    "end": "s001"
   },
   "lemma": "聖人無常心，以百姓心為心",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "此言聖人不言之教，無心成化，故無不可教之人也。常者，一定不移之意。謂聖人之心，至虛無我，以至誠待物，曾無一定之心，但以百姓之心為心耳。",
   "authorNote": "憨山此章解據公開轉錄本；此解整章通釋，今按文義分條。",
   "citation": "釋德清《道德經解》",
   "textSimp": "此言圣人不言之教，无心成化，故无不可教之人也。常者，一定不移之意。谓圣人之心，至虚无我，以至诚待物，曾无一定之心，但以百姓之心为心耳。",
   "citationFull": "釋德清《道德經解》（憨山此章解據公開轉錄本；此解整章通釋，今按文義分條。）",
   "citationSimp": "释德清《道德经解》",
   "authorNoteSimp": "憨山此章解据公开转录本；此解整章通释，今按文义分条。",
   "lemmaSimp": "圣人无常心，以百姓心为心"
  },
  {
   "id": "c013",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "weiyuan",
   "target": {
    "start": "s001",
    "end": "s001"
   },
   "lemma": "聖人無常心",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "「聖人無常心」，王弼、河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮、呂惠卿、蘇轍、憨山、魏源同；吳澄作「聖人無常心，以百姓之心為心」，多一「之」字；一本「聖人」下有「之」字。",
   "authorNote": "魏源此章校記據《老子本義》下篇；魏源以此章為其第四十二章。",
   "citation": "魏源《老子本義》",
   "textSimp": "「圣人无常心」，王弼、河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李荣、吕惠卿、苏辙、憨山、魏源同；吴澄作「圣人无常心，以百姓之心为心」，多一「之」字；一本「圣人」下有「之」字。",
   "citationFull": "魏源《老子本義》（魏源此章校記據《老子本義》下篇；魏源以此章為其第四十二章。）",
   "citationSimp": "魏源《老子本义》",
   "authorNoteSimp": "魏源此章校记据《老子本义》下篇；魏源以此章为其第四十二章。",
   "lemmaSimp": "圣人无常心"
  },
  {
   "id": "c014",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "wangfuzhi",
   "target": {
    "start": "s001",
    "end": "s005"
   },
   "lemma": "聖人無常心……聖人皆孩之",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "即有聖人，豈能使天下之皆孩邪？一生二而有陰陽，有陰陽而有性情，有性情而有是非。夫性情之凝滯以干陰陽之肖者而執之，將遂以為常乎？常於此者，不常於彼矣。唯執大常以無所常，故恣陽亢陰凝之極，而百姓可坐待其及。我為焦土，百姓為灌潦；我為和風，百姓為笙竽。有漬而不受，有聲而不留，則善之來投，若稚子學語於翁嫗之側，而況夫不善之注耳目者乎？嗚呼！天下之有目而注者多矣，與之為目者，則亦注也。聖人不為目，而天下自此孩矣。",
   "authorNote": "王夫之此章衍文據公開轉錄本；底本正文與王弼通行本同。",
   "citation": "王夫之《老子衍》",
   "textSimp": "即有圣人，岂能使天下之皆孩邪？一生二而有阴阳，有阴阳而有性情，有性情而有是非。夫性情之凝滞以干阴阳之肖者而执之，将遂以为常乎？常于此者，不常于彼矣。唯执大常以无所常，故恣阳亢阴凝之极，而百姓可坐待其及。我为焦土，百姓为灌潦；我为和风，百姓为笙竽。有渍而不受，有声而不留，则善之来投，若稚子学语于翁妪之侧，而况夫不善之注耳目者乎？呜呼！天下之有目而注者多矣，与之为目者，则亦注也。圣人不为目，而天下自此孩矣。",
   "citationFull": "王夫之《老子衍》（王夫之此章衍文據公開轉錄本；底本正文與王弼通行本同。）",
   "citationSimp": "王夫之《老子衍》",
   "authorNoteSimp": "王夫之此章衍文据公开转录本；底本正文与王弼通行本同。",
   "lemmaSimp": "圣人无常心……圣人皆孩之"
  },
  {
   "id": "c015",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "heshanggong",
   "target": {
    "start": "s002",
    "end": "s002"
   },
   "lemma": "善者吾善之，不善者吾亦善之，德善",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "百姓為善，聖人因而善之。百姓雖有不善者，聖人化之使為善也。德善：百姓德化，聖人為善。",
   "authorNote": "",
   "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）",
   "textSimp": "百姓为善，圣人因而善之。百姓虽有不善者，圣人化之使为善也。德善：百姓德化，圣人为善。",
   "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）",
   "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本，参校《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）",
   "lemmaSimp": "善者吾善之，不善者吾亦善之，德善"
  },
  {
   "id": "c016",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "wangbi",
   "target": {
    "start": "s002",
    "end": "s003"
   },
   "lemma": "善者吾善之……德善",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "各因其用，則善不失也。德善，無棄人也。",
   "authorNote": "",
   "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）",
   "textSimp": "各因其用，则善不失也。德善，无弃人也。",
   "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）",
   "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》（《道藏》本）",
   "lemmaSimp": "善者吾善之……德善"
  },
  {
   "id": "c017",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "chengxuanying",
   "target": {
    "start": "s002",
    "end": "s002"
   },
   "lemma": "善者吾善之，不善者吾亦善之，德善",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "善者，為無欲修學之士；不善者，謂有為滯境之人。普以平等勝善教之，令其得善。此則以百姓心為心義也。",
   "authorNote": "",
   "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）",
   "textSimp": "善者，为无欲修学之士；不善者，谓有为滞境之人。普以平等胜善教之，令其得善。此则以百姓心为心义也。",
   "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）",
   "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）",
   "lemmaSimp": "善者吾善之，不善者吾亦善之，德善"
  },
  {
   "id": "c018",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "tangxuanzong",
   "target": {
    "start": "s002",
    "end": "s003"
   },
   "lemma": "善者吾善之……德信",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "欲善信者，吾因而善信之；不信者，吾亦以善信教之，令百姓感吾德善信也。",
   "authorNote": "此為御注；此注兼釋「善者吾善之，不善者吾亦善之，德善」「信者吾信之，不信者吾亦信之，德信」四句。",
   "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引御注御疏）",
   "textSimp": "欲善信者，吾因而善信之；不信者，吾亦以善信教之，令百姓感吾德善信也。",
   "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引御注御疏）（此為御注；此注兼釋「善者吾善之，不善者吾亦善之，德善」「信者吾信之，不信者吾亦信之，德信」四句。）",
   "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引御注御疏）",
   "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注；此注兼释「善者吾善之，不善者吾亦善之，德善」「信者吾信之，不信者吾亦信之，德信」四句。",
   "lemmaSimp": "善者吾善之……德信"
  },
  {
   "id": "c019",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "tangxuanzong",
   "target": {
    "start": "s002",
    "end": "s002"
   },
   "lemma": "不善者吾亦善之，德善",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "不善者謂習染增迷，信邪背道，聖人亦以善道而汲引之。德善者，令化聖德而為善也。",
   "authorNote": "此為御注。",
   "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引御注御疏）",
   "textSimp": "不善者谓习染增迷，信邪背道，圣人亦以善道而汲引之。德善者，令化圣德而为善也。",
   "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引御注御疏）（此為御注。）",
   "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引御注御疏）",
   "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注。",
   "lemmaSimp": "不善者吾亦善之，德善"
  },
  {
   "id": "c020",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "tangxuanzong",
   "target": {
    "start": "s002",
    "end": "s002"
   },
   "lemma": "善者吾善之",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "此應感之義也。吾者，聖人也。善者，回向正道之心，聖人獎之以進修，以果其行，使至夫吾善之大善也。",
   "authorNote": "此為御疏。",
   "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引御注御疏）",
   "textSimp": "此应感之义也。吾者，圣人也。善者，回向正道之心，圣人奖之以进修，以果其行，使至夫吾善之大善也。",
   "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）",
   "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引御注御疏）",
   "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。",
   "lemmaSimp": "善者吾善之"
  },
  {
   "id": "c021",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "yanzun",
   "target": {
    "start": "s002",
    "end": "s003"
   },
   "lemma": "善者吾善之……德信",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "善者吾善之，不善者吾亦善之，德善；信者吾信之，不信者吾亦信之，德信。信，誠實也；感德以變其情也。",
   "authorNote": "嚴遵此章輯文據《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引。",
   "citation": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引輯文）",
   "textSimp": "善者吾善之，不善者吾亦善之，德善；信者吾信之，不信者吾亦信之，德信。信，诚实也；感德以变其情也。",
   "citationFull": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引輯文）（嚴遵此章輯文據《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引。）",
   "citationSimp": "严遵《道德真经指归》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引辑文）",
   "authorNoteSimp": "严遵此章辑文据《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引。",
   "lemmaSimp": "善者吾善之……德信"
  },
  {
   "id": "c022",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "lirong",
   "target": {
    "start": "s002",
    "end": "s002"
   },
   "lemma": "善者吾善之，不善者吾亦善之，德善",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "善者吾善之，不善者吾亦善之，得善。若有心分別，有善有不善；有善有不善，不得以為善。今既無心分別，非唯善於善，亦善於不善；亦善則與不善皆善，是以謂之得善也。",
   "authorNote": "",
   "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）",
   "textSimp": "善者吾善之，不善者吾亦善之，得善。若有心分别，有善有不善；有善有不善，不得以为善。今既无心分别，非唯善于善，亦善于不善；亦善则与不善皆善，是以谓之得善也。",
   "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）",
   "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）",
   "lemmaSimp": "善者吾善之，不善者吾亦善之，德善"
  },
  {
   "id": "c023",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "luxisheng",
   "target": {
    "start": "s002",
    "end": "s003"
   },
   "lemma": "善者吾善之……德信",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "苟百姓有好善之心，聖人亦應之以好善；其本善者，吾因以善輔之；苟有不善之心，吾亦因而善待之，使感吾善，亦化而為善，則天下無不善，百姓皆得所欲之善矣。",
   "authorNote": "",
   "citation": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本）",
   "textSimp": "苟百姓有好善之心，圣人亦应之以好善；其本善者，吾因以善辅之；苟有不善之心，吾亦因而善待之，使感吾善，亦化而为善，则天下无不善，百姓皆得所欲之善矣。",
   "citationFull": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本）",
   "citationSimp": "陆希声《道德经传》（《道藏》本）",
   "lemmaSimp": "善者吾善之……德信"
  },
  {
   "id": "c024",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "lvhuiqing",
   "target": {
    "start": "s002",
    "end": "s003"
   },
   "lemma": "善者吾善之……德信",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "善不善、信不信，亦何常之有哉？故善者吾善之，不善者吾亦善之，知其心之善不善无常，而以德善之故也；信者吾信之，不信者吾亦信之，知其心之信不信亦无常，而以德信之故也。物得以生之謂德，形體保神、各有儀則之謂性；性修反德，德至同於初，則德者性之所自出，則无不善不信明矣。",
   "authorNote": "",
   "citation": "呂惠卿《道德真經傳》（《道藏》本）",
   "textSimp": "善不善、信不信，亦何常之有哉？故善者吾善之，不善者吾亦善之，知其心之善不善无常，而以德善之故也；信者吾信之，不信者吾亦信之，知其心之信不信亦无常，而以德信之故也。物得以生之谓德，形体保神、各有仪则之谓性；性修反德，德至同于初，则德者性之所自出，则无不善不信明矣。",
   "citationFull": "呂惠卿《道德真經傳》（《道藏》本）",
   "citationSimp": "吕惠卿《道德真经传》（《道藏》本）",
   "lemmaSimp": "善者吾善之……德信"
  },
  {
   "id": "c025",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "suzhe",
   "target": {
    "start": "s002",
    "end": "s003"
   },
   "lemma": "善者吾善之……德信",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "善不善在彼，而吾之所以善之者未嘗渝也，可謂德善矣；信不信在彼，而吾之所以信之者未嘗變也，可謂德信矣。不然，善善而棄不善，信信而棄不信，豈所謂常善救人，故無棄人哉？",
   "authorNote": "",
   "citation": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本）",
   "textSimp": "善不善在彼，而吾之所以善之者未尝渝也，可谓德善矣；信不信在彼，而吾之所以信之者未尝变也，可谓德信矣。不然，善善而弃不善，信信而弃不信，岂所谓常善救人，故无弃人哉？",
   "citationFull": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本）",
   "citationSimp": "苏辙《老子解》（《道藏》本）",
   "lemmaSimp": "善者吾善之……德信"
  },
  {
   "id": "c026",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "wucheng",
   "target": {
    "start": "s002",
    "end": "s003"
   },
   "lemma": "善者吾善之……德信",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "民之善不善、信不信，聖人不分其是非，皆以為善、以為信。不惟善者得善、信者得信，而不善者亦得善、不信者亦得信矣。得謂民得此善信而不失，蓋不善不信亦化而為善信，是人人得此善信也。",
   "authorNote": "",
   "citation": "吳澄《道德真經注》",
   "textSimp": "民之善不善、信不信，圣人不分其是非，皆以为善、以为信。不惟善者得善、信者得信，而不善者亦得善、不信者亦得信矣。得谓民得此善信而不失，盖不善不信亦化而为善信，是人人得此善信也。",
   "citationFull": "吳澄《道德真經注》",
   "citationSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》",
   "lemmaSimp": "善者吾善之……德信"
  },
  {
   "id": "c027",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "hanshan",
   "target": {
    "start": "s002",
    "end": "s002"
   },
   "lemma": "善者吾善之，不善者吾亦善之，德善",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "以聖人復乎性善，而見人性皆善。故善者固已善之，即不善者亦以善遇之。彼雖不善，因我以善遇之，彼將因我之德所感，亦化之而為善矣。故曰德善。",
   "authorNote": "",
   "citation": "釋德清《道德經解》",
   "textSimp": "以圣人复乎性善，而见人性皆善。故善者固已善之，即不善者亦以善遇之。彼虽不善，因我以善遇之，彼将因我之德所感，亦化之而为善矣。故曰德善。",
   "citationFull": "釋德清《道德經解》",
   "citationSimp": "释德清《道德经解》",
   "lemmaSimp": "善者吾善之，不善者吾亦善之，德善"
  },
  {
   "id": "c028",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "weiyuan",
   "target": {
    "start": "s002",
    "end": "s003"
   },
   "lemma": "德善、德信",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "「德善」「德信」，王弼本無「矣」字；陸希聲、蘇轍、憨山、魏源作「德善矣」「德信矣」；成玄英、李榮、吳澄作「得善」「得信」，吳澄並有「矣」字；一本「德」作「得」。",
   "authorNote": "魏源此章校記據《老子本義》下篇；魏源以此章為其第四十二章。",
   "citation": "魏源《老子本義》",
   "textSimp": "「德善」「德信」，王弼本无「矣」字；陆希声、苏辙、憨山、魏源作「德善矣」「德信矣」；成玄英、李荣、吴澄作「得善」「得信」，吴澄并有「矣」字；一本「德」作「得」。",
   "citationFull": "魏源《老子本義》（魏源此章校記據《老子本義》下篇；魏源以此章為其第四十二章。）",
   "citationSimp": "魏源《老子本义》",
   "authorNoteSimp": "魏源此章校记据《老子本义》下篇；魏源以此章为其第四十二章。",
   "lemmaSimp": "德善、德信"
  },
  {
   "id": "c029",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "heshanggong",
   "target": {
    "start": "s003",
    "end": "s003"
   },
   "lemma": "信者吾信之，不信者吾亦信之，德信",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "百姓為信，聖人因而信之。百姓為不信，聖人化之使信也。德信：百姓德化，聖人為信。",
   "authorNote": "",
   "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）",
   "textSimp": "百姓为信，圣人因而信之。百姓为不信，圣人化之使信也。德信：百姓德化，圣人为信。",
   "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）",
   "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本，参校《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）",
   "lemmaSimp": "信者吾信之，不信者吾亦信之，德信"
  },
  {
   "id": "c030",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "chengxuanying",
   "target": {
    "start": "s003",
    "end": "s003"
   },
   "lemma": "信者吾信之，不信者吾亦信之，德信",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "信者吾信之，不信者吾亦信之，德信。信謂聞經愛樂，不信謂不樂道聞。聖人以空行慈悲，平等救度，不問信與不信，皆令得益，而普發信心也。故紫微夫人曰：信者，得失之關鍵。又經云：信者，學道之樞機也。",
   "authorNote": "",
   "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）",
   "textSimp": "信者吾信之，不信者吾亦信之，德信。信谓闻经爱乐，不信谓不乐道闻。圣人以空行慈悲，平等救度，不问信与不信，皆令得益，而普发信心也。故紫微夫人曰：信者，得失之关键。又经云：信者，学道之枢机也。",
   "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）",
   "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）",
   "lemmaSimp": "信者吾信之，不信者吾亦信之，德信"
  },
  {
   "id": "c031",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "tangxuanzong",
   "target": {
    "start": "s003",
    "end": "s003"
   },
   "lemma": "信者吾信之",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "信謂聞道勤行，心無凝執，聖人應之以至誠，贊成其善，以至於深信也。",
   "authorNote": "此為御疏。",
   "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引御注御疏）",
   "textSimp": "信谓闻道勤行，心无凝执，圣人应之以至诚，赞成其善，以至于深信也。",
   "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）",
   "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引御注御疏）",
   "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。",
   "lemmaSimp": "信者吾信之"
  },
  {
   "id": "c032",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "tangxuanzong",
   "target": {
    "start": "s003",
    "end": "s003"
   },
   "lemma": "不信者吾亦信之，德信",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "不信謂強梁背教之人，聖人亦以平等正信而化導之，令化聖人之德，舍疑而歸信也，故云德信。",
   "authorNote": "此為御疏。",
   "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引御注御疏）",
   "textSimp": "不信谓强梁背教之人，圣人亦以平等正信而化导之，令化圣人之德，舍疑而归信也，故云德信。",
   "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）",
   "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引御注御疏）",
   "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。",
   "lemmaSimp": "不信者吾亦信之，德信"
  },
  {
   "id": "c033",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "lirong",
   "target": {
    "start": "s003",
    "end": "s003"
   },
   "lemma": "信者吾信之，不信者吾亦信之，德信",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "信者吾信之，不信者吾亦信之，得信。信，順也。物情既有可有不可，從事有順有不順，不得以俱順；今聖人無可無不可，皆可無順無不順，皆順，是以名為大順也。",
   "authorNote": "",
   "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）",
   "textSimp": "信者吾信之，不信者吾亦信之，得信。信，顺也。物情既有可有不可，从事有顺有不顺，不得以俱顺；今圣人无可无不可，皆可无顺无不顺，皆顺，是以名为大顺也。",
   "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）",
   "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）",
   "lemmaSimp": "信者吾信之，不信者吾亦信之，德信"
  },
  {
   "id": "c034",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "luxisheng",
   "target": {
    "start": "s003",
    "end": "s003"
   },
   "lemma": "信者吾信之，不信者吾亦信之",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "至於百姓有好信之者，吾亦以此化之，則百姓皆得所欲之信，而天下無不信矣。",
   "authorNote": "",
   "citation": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本）",
   "textSimp": "至于百姓有好信之者，吾亦以此化之，则百姓皆得所欲之信，而天下无不信矣。",
   "citationFull": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本）",
   "citationSimp": "陆希声《道德经传》（《道藏》本）",
   "lemmaSimp": "信者吾信之，不信者吾亦信之"
  },
  {
   "id": "c035",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "hanshan",
   "target": {
    "start": "s003",
    "end": "s003"
   },
   "lemma": "信者吾信之，不信者吾亦信之，德信",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "以聖人至誠待物，而見人性皆誠。故信者固已信之，即不信者亦以信待之。彼雖不信，因我以信遇之，彼將因我之德所感，亦化之而為信矣。故曰德信。",
   "authorNote": "",
   "citation": "釋德清《道德經解》",
   "textSimp": "以圣人至诚待物，而见人性皆诚。故信者固已信之，即不信者亦以信待之。彼虽不信，因我以信遇之，彼将因我之德所感，亦化之而为信矣。故曰德信。",
   "citationFull": "釋德清《道德經解》",
   "citationSimp": "释德清《道德经解》",
   "lemmaSimp": "信者吾信之，不信者吾亦信之，德信"
  },
  {
   "id": "c036",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "heshanggong",
   "target": {
    "start": "s004",
    "end": "s004"
   },
   "lemma": "聖人在天下，歙歙焉，為天下渾其心",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "聖人在天下，怵怵，常恐怖富貴，不敢驕奢也。為天下渾其心：言聖人為天下百姓渾濁其心，若愚闇不通也。",
   "authorNote": "",
   "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）",
   "textSimp": "圣人在天下，怵怵，常恐怖富贵，不敢骄奢也。为天下浑其心：言圣人为天下百姓浑浊其心，若愚暗不通也。",
   "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）",
   "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本，参校《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）",
   "lemmaSimp": "圣人在天下，歙歙焉，为天下浑其心"
  },
  {
   "id": "c037",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "wangbi",
   "target": {
    "start": "s004",
    "end": "s004"
   },
   "lemma": "聖人在天下，歙歙焉，為天下渾其心",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "聖人之於天下，歙歙焉，心無所主也；為天下渾心焉，意無所適莫也。無所察焉，百姓何避？無所求焉，百姓何應？無避無應，則莫不用其情矣。",
   "authorNote": "",
   "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）",
   "textSimp": "圣人之于天下，歙歙焉，心无所主也；为天下浑心焉，意无所适莫也。无所察焉，百姓何避？无所求焉，百姓何应？无避无应，则莫不用其情矣。",
   "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）",
   "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》（《道藏》本）",
   "lemmaSimp": "圣人在天下，歙歙焉，为天下浑其心"
  },
  {
   "id": "c038",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "chengxuanying",
   "target": {
    "start": "s004",
    "end": "s004"
   },
   "lemma": "聖人在天下……為天下渾其心",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "惵惵，勤懼之貌也。言無心赴感之聖人，其在天下也，恒布大慈，拯救蒼生，恐其沒溺，故惵惵而勤懼也。為天下混其心：混混沌沌，無分別也。言凡夫惑情滯境，妄生去取，聖人欲混沌其心，令無分別；勤懼之義，則斯謂乎。",
   "authorNote": "成玄英此條底本作「混其心」，與王弼本「渾其心」異。",
   "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）",
   "textSimp": "惵惵，勤惧之貌也。言无心赴感之圣人，其在天下也，恒布大慈，拯救苍生，恐其没溺，故惵惵而勤惧也。为天下混其心：混混沌沌，无分别也。言凡夫惑情滞境，妄生去取，圣人欲混沌其心，令无分别；勤惧之义，则斯谓乎。",
   "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）（成玄英此條底本作「混其心」，與王弼本「渾其心」異。）",
   "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）",
   "authorNoteSimp": "成玄英此条底本作「混其心」，与王弼本「浑其心」异。",
   "lemmaSimp": "圣人在天下……为天下浑其心"
  },
  {
   "id": "c039",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "tangxuanzong",
   "target": {
    "start": "s004",
    "end": "s004"
   },
   "lemma": "聖人在天下，歙歙焉，為天下渾其心",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "聖人在理天下，化引百姓，常惵惵用心，令德善信，而聖心凝寂，德照圓明，渾同用心，皆為天下，故云為天下渾其心。",
   "authorNote": "此為御注。",
   "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引御注御疏）",
   "textSimp": "圣人在理天下，化引百姓，常惵惵用心，令德善信，而圣心凝寂，德照圆明，浑同用心，皆为天下，故云为天下浑其心。",
   "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引御注御疏）（此為御注。）",
   "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引御注御疏）",
   "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注。",
   "lemmaSimp": "圣人在天下，歙歙焉，为天下浑其心"
  },
  {
   "id": "c040",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "tangxuanzong",
   "target": {
    "start": "s004",
    "end": "s004"
   },
   "lemma": "聖人在天下，歙歙焉，為天下渾其心",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "此明聖人混迹用心也。惵惵，憂勤也。聖人在宥天下，統御寰區，懽眾生不歸善信，故惵惵憂勤。然聖人無心，復何憂喜？今所言惵惵者，皆為天下百姓未能信善，故聖人混同於物而用其心也，故云為天下混其心爾。",
   "authorNote": "此為御疏；底本「懽」字疑為「懼」之訛，姑存原文。",
   "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引御注御疏）",
   "textSimp": "此明圣人混迹用心也。惵惵，忧勤也。圣人在宥天下，统御寰区，懽众生不归善信，故惵惵忧勤。然圣人无心，复何忧喜？今所言惵惵者，皆为天下百姓未能信善，故圣人混同于物而用其心也，故云为天下混其心尔。",
   "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引御注御疏）（此為御疏；底本「懽」字疑為「懼」之訛，姑存原文。）",
   "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引御注御疏）",
   "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏；底本「懽」字疑为「惧」之讹，姑存原文。",
   "lemmaSimp": "圣人在天下，歙歙焉，为天下浑其心"
  },
  {
   "id": "c041",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "yanzun",
   "target": {
    "start": "s004",
    "end": "s004"
   },
   "lemma": "為天下渾其心",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "惵惵若恢恢，言虛心以包萬方也。",
   "authorNote": "嚴遵此章輯文據《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引。",
   "citation": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引輯文）",
   "textSimp": "惵惵若恢恢，言虚心以包万方也。",
   "citationFull": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引輯文）（嚴遵此章輯文據《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引。）",
   "citationSimp": "严遵《道德真经指归》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引辑文）",
   "authorNoteSimp": "严遵此章辑文据《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引。",
   "lemmaSimp": "为天下浑其心"
  },
  {
   "id": "c042",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "lirong",
   "target": {
    "start": "s004",
    "end": "s004"
   },
   "lemma": "聖人在天下，歙歙焉，為天下渾其心",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "惵惵，不住也。凡情分別，見善見不善，有信有不信；聖人惵惵不住，泛泛隨機，混其分別之心，齊其是非之意也。",
   "authorNote": "",
   "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）",
   "textSimp": "惵惵，不住也。凡情分别，见善见不善，有信有不信；圣人惵惵不住，泛泛随机，混其分别之心，齐其是非之意也。",
   "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）",
   "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）",
   "lemmaSimp": "圣人在天下，歙歙焉，为天下浑其心"
  },
  {
   "id": "c043",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "luxisheng",
   "target": {
    "start": "s004",
    "end": "s004"
   },
   "lemma": "聖人在天下，歙歙焉，為天下渾其心",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "故聖人在天下，惵惵然應於物感，未嘗少息，而其心渾然與天下為一，未嘗自有所為。故仲尼之所絕者有四，謂毋意、毋必、毋固、毋我，是以能無可無不可、無為無不為。",
   "authorNote": "",
   "citation": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本）",
   "textSimp": "故圣人在天下，惵惵然应于物感，未尝少息，而其心浑然与天下为一，未尝自有所为。故仲尼之所绝者有四，谓毋意、毋必、毋固、毋我，是以能无可无不可、无为无不为。",
   "citationFull": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本）",
   "citationSimp": "陆希声《道德经传》（《道藏》本）",
   "lemmaSimp": "圣人在天下，歙歙焉，为天下浑其心"
  },
  {
   "id": "c044",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "lvhuiqing",
   "target": {
    "start": "s004",
    "end": "s004"
   },
   "lemma": "聖人在天下，歙歙焉，為天下渾其心",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "聖人之在天下，惵惵然不已，為百姓渾其心。渾其心也者，使信善者不以自異，而不善不信者不自棄故也。",
   "authorNote": "",
   "citation": "呂惠卿《道德真經傳》（《道藏》本）",
   "textSimp": "圣人之在天下，惵惵然不已，为百姓浑其心。浑其心也者，使信善者不以自异，而不善不信者不自弃故也。",
   "citationFull": "呂惠卿《道德真經傳》（《道藏》本）",
   "citationSimp": "吕惠卿《道德真经传》（《道藏》本）",
   "lemmaSimp": "圣人在天下，歙歙焉，为天下浑其心"
  },
  {
   "id": "c045",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "suzhe",
   "target": {
    "start": "s004",
    "end": "s005"
   },
   "lemma": "聖人在天下……聖人皆孩之",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "天下善惡信偽，方各自是以相非相賊，不知所定。聖人憂之，故惵惵為天下渾其心，無善惡、無信偽，皆以一待之。彼方注其耳目以觀聖人之予奪，而吾一以嬰兒遇之，於善無所喜，於惡無所嫉，夫是以善者不矜、惡者不慍，釋然皆化，而天下始定矣。",
   "authorNote": "",
   "citation": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本）",
   "textSimp": "天下善恶信伪，方各自是以相非相贼，不知所定。圣人忧之，故惵惵为天下浑其心，无善恶、无信伪，皆以一待之。彼方注其耳目以观圣人之予夺，而吾一以婴儿遇之，于善无所喜，于恶无所嫉，夫是以善者不矜、恶者不愠，释然皆化，而天下始定矣。",
   "citationFull": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本）",
   "citationSimp": "苏辙《老子解》（《道藏》本）",
   "lemmaSimp": "圣人在天下……圣人皆孩之"
  },
  {
   "id": "c046",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "wucheng",
   "target": {
    "start": "s004",
    "end": "s005"
   },
   "lemma": "聖人在天下……聖人皆孩之",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "歙歙，縮意。王氏曰：心無所主也。渾，意無適莫也。諸本歙歙作惵惵，或作怵怵，皆恐懼意；惟王弼作歙，以心無所主釋之，與上下文意協。董思靖曰：渾，混同，蓋融化其異、混合其同。皆孩之，謂不生分別。蘇氏曰：天下之善惡信偽，各自是以相非，聖人則待之如一；彼方注其耳目以觀聖人之予奪，而一以嬰兒遇之，無所喜嫉，是以善信者不矜、惡偽者不慍，釋然皆化而天下定矣。",
   "authorNote": "吳澄此章注據《道藏》本；吳澄以此章為其第四十一章；此條兼存音注「歙，音翕；惵，達叶切」。",
   "citation": "吳澄《道德真經注》",
   "textSimp": "歙歙，缩意。王氏曰：心无所主也。浑，意无适莫也。诸本歙歙作惵惵，或作怵怵，皆恐惧意；惟王弼作歙，以心无所主释之，与上下文意协。董思靖曰：浑，混同，盖融化其异、混合其同。皆孩之，谓不生分别。苏氏曰：天下之善恶信伪，各自是以相非，圣人则待之如一；彼方注其耳目以观圣人之予夺，而一以婴儿遇之，无所喜嫉，是以善信者不矜、恶伪者不愠，释然皆化而天下定矣。",
   "citationFull": "吳澄《道德真經注》（吳澄此章注據《道藏》本；吳澄以此章為其第四十一章；此條兼存音注「歙，音翕；惵，達叶切」。）",
   "citationSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》",
   "authorNoteSimp": "吴澄此章注据《道藏》本；吴澄以此章为其第四十一章；此条兼存音注「歙，音翕；惵，达叶切」。",
   "lemmaSimp": "圣人在天下……圣人皆孩之"
  },
  {
   "id": "c047",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "hanshan",
   "target": {
    "start": "s004",
    "end": "s005"
   },
   "lemma": "聖人在天下……聖人皆孩之",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "以天下人心不古，日趨於澆薄。聖人處其厚而不處其薄，汲汲為天下渾厚其心。惵惵，猶汲汲也。百姓皆注其耳目者，謂注目而視，傾耳而聽，司其是非之昭昭。聖人示之以不識不知、無是無非，渾然不見有善惡之跡，一皆以淳厚之德而遇之，若嬰孩而已。故曰皆孩之。若以嬰孩待天下之人，則無一人可責其過者。聖人之心如此，所以不言而信、無為而化，則天下無不可教之人矣。",
   "authorNote": "",
   "citation": "釋德清《道德經解》",
   "textSimp": "以天下人心不古，日趋于浇薄。圣人处其厚而不处其薄，汲汲为天下浑厚其心。惵惵，犹汲汲也。百姓皆注其耳目者，谓注目而视，倾耳而听，司其是非之昭昭。圣人示之以不识不知、无是无非，浑然不见有善恶之迹，一皆以淳厚之德而遇之，若婴孩而已。故曰皆孩之。若以婴孩待天下之人，则无一人可责其过者。圣人之心如此，所以不言而信、无为而化，则天下无不可教之人矣。",
   "citationFull": "釋德清《道德經解》",
   "citationSimp": "释德清《道德经解》",
   "lemmaSimp": "圣人在天下……圣人皆孩之"
  },
  {
   "id": "c048",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "weiyuan",
   "target": {
    "start": "s004",
    "end": "s004"
   },
   "lemma": "聖人在天下……為天下渾其心",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "「聖人在天下」，一本「聖人」下有「之」字，吳澄、蘇轍、憨山作「聖人之在天下」；「惵惵」，王弼作「歙歙」，河上作「怵怵」，《釋文》作「惔惔」，一本「惵惵」下有「焉」字；「渾其心」，傅奕作「渾渾焉」。",
   "authorNote": "魏源此章校記據《老子本義》下篇；魏源以此章為其第四十二章。",
   "citation": "魏源《老子本義》",
   "textSimp": "「圣人在天下」，一本「圣人」下有「之」字，吴澄、苏辙、憨山作「圣人之在天下」；「惵惵」，王弼作「歙歙」，河上作「怵怵」，《释文》作「惔惔」，一本「惵惵」下有「焉」字；「浑其心」，傅奕作「浑浑焉」。",
   "citationFull": "魏源《老子本義》（魏源此章校記據《老子本義》下篇；魏源以此章為其第四十二章。）",
   "citationSimp": "魏源《老子本义》",
   "authorNoteSimp": "魏源此章校记据《老子本义》下篇；魏源以此章为其第四十二章。",
   "lemmaSimp": "圣人在天下……为天下浑其心"
  },
  {
   "id": "c049",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "heshanggong",
   "target": {
    "start": "s005",
    "end": "s005"
   },
   "lemma": "百姓皆注其耳目，聖人皆孩之",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "注，用也。百姓皆用其耳目，為聖人視聽也。聖人愛念百姓，如孾赤子，長養之而不責望其報也。",
   "authorNote": "",
   "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）",
   "textSimp": "注，用也。百姓皆用其耳目，为圣人视听也。圣人爱念百姓，如𪧀赤子，长养之而不责望其报也。",
   "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）",
   "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本，参校《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）",
   "lemmaSimp": "百姓皆注其耳目，圣人皆孩之"
  },
  {
   "id": "c050",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "wangbi",
   "target": {
    "start": "s005",
    "end": "s005"
   },
   "lemma": "百姓皆注其耳目，聖人皆孩之",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "各用聰明。聖人皆孩之，皆使和而無欲，如嬰兒也。夫以明察物，物亦競以其明應之；以不信察物，物亦競以不信應之。夫天下之心不必同，其所應不敢異，則莫肯用其情矣。甚矣，害之大也，莫大於用其明矣。若乃多其法綱，煩其刑罰，塞其徑路，攻其幽宅，則萬物失其自然，百姓喪其手足，鳥亂於上，魚亂於下。百姓各皆注其耳目焉，吾皆孩之而已。",
   "authorNote": "",
   "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）",
   "textSimp": "各用聪明。圣人皆孩之，皆使和而无欲，如婴儿也。夫以明察物，物亦竞以其明应之；以不信察物，物亦竞以不信应之。夫天下之心不必同，其所应不敢异，则莫肯用其情矣。甚矣，害之大也，莫大于用其明矣。若乃多其法纲，烦其刑罚，塞其径路，攻其幽宅，则万物失其自然，百姓丧其手足，鸟乱于上，鱼乱于下。百姓各皆注其耳目焉，吾皆孩之而已。",
   "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本）",
   "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》（《道藏》本）",
   "lemmaSimp": "百姓皆注其耳目，圣人皆孩之"
  },
  {
   "id": "c051",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "chengxuanying",
   "target": {
    "start": "s005",
    "end": "s005"
   },
   "lemma": "百姓皆注其耳目",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "淫染滯也。顛倒之徒，迷沒世境，縱恣耳目，滯著色聲，既而漂浪長流，望返無日。聖人愍其迷甚，故顯其病狀。而六根之中，偏舉兩者，欲明此二為患最深，故《西昇經》云：耳目色聲，為子留𠎝。然舉此二根，諸根可悉，為文略故也。",
   "authorNote": "",
   "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）",
   "textSimp": "淫染滞也。颠倒之徒，迷没世境，纵恣耳目，滞着色声，既而漂浪长流，望返无日。圣人愍其迷甚，故显其病状。而六根之中，偏举两者，欲明此二为患最深，故《西升经》云：耳目色声，为子留𠎝。然举此二根，诸根可悉，为文略故也。",
   "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）",
   "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）",
   "lemmaSimp": "百姓皆注其耳目"
  },
  {
   "id": "c052",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "chengxuanying",
   "target": {
    "start": "s005",
    "end": "s005"
   },
   "lemma": "聖人皆孩之",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "眾生妄淫耳目，淪沒愛河，聖人勤懼慈救，義同赤子，哀其無識，如嬰兒之可愍。",
   "authorNote": "",
   "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）",
   "textSimp": "众生妄淫耳目，沦没爱河，圣人勤惧慈救，义同赤子，哀其无识，如婴儿之可愍。",
   "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）",
   "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）",
   "lemmaSimp": "圣人皆孩之"
  },
  {
   "id": "c053",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "tangxuanzong",
   "target": {
    "start": "s005",
    "end": "s005"
   },
   "lemma": "百姓皆注其耳目，聖人皆孩之",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "百姓化聖德為善，故傾注耳目以觀聽聖人。聖人念彼蒼生，猶如慈母，故凡視百姓，皆如嬰孩爾。",
   "authorNote": "此為御注。",
   "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引御注御疏）",
   "textSimp": "百姓化圣德为善，故倾注耳目以观听圣人。圣人念彼苍生，犹如慈母，故凡视百姓，皆如婴孩尔。",
   "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引御注御疏）（此為御注。）",
   "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引御注御疏）",
   "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注。",
   "lemmaSimp": "百姓皆注其耳目，圣人皆孩之"
  },
  {
   "id": "c054",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "tangxuanzong",
   "target": {
    "start": "s005",
    "end": "s005"
   },
   "lemma": "百姓皆注其耳目，聖人皆孩之",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "百姓被聖德而歸善，仰淳化而觀風，故皆傾注耳目，以觀聽取則於聖人也。百姓既傾注耳目、觀聽聖人，聖人視之如慈母於赤子，故云皆孩之。又解云：百姓有分別之心，聖人化使從善，令如嬰孩無所分別爾。",
   "authorNote": "此為御疏。",
   "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引御注御疏）",
   "textSimp": "百姓被圣德而归善，仰淳化而观风，故皆倾注耳目，以观听取则于圣人也。百姓既倾注耳目、观听圣人，圣人视之如慈母于赤子，故云皆孩之。又解云：百姓有分别之心，圣人化使从善，令如婴孩无所分别尔。",
   "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）",
   "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引御注御疏）",
   "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。",
   "lemmaSimp": "百姓皆注其耳目，圣人皆孩之"
  },
  {
   "id": "c055",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "lirong",
   "target": {
    "start": "s005",
    "end": "s005"
   },
   "lemma": "百姓皆注其耳目，聖人皆孩之",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "百姓不能以性制情，而乃縱心逐欲，注耳目於聲色，專鼻口於香味，因茲惛惑，以此聾盲。聖人逐病行醫，隨機闡教，因心救物，說己化他，乃云我止如嬰孩赤子，不知聲色悅於耳目也。",
   "authorNote": "",
   "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）",
   "textSimp": "百姓不能以性制情，而乃纵心逐欲，注耳目于声色，专鼻口于香味，因兹惛惑，以此聋盲。圣人逐病行医，随机阐教，因心救物，说己化他，乃云我止如婴孩赤子，不知声色悦于耳目也。",
   "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）",
   "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）",
   "lemmaSimp": "百姓皆注其耳目，圣人皆孩之"
  },
  {
   "id": "c056",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "luxisheng",
   "target": {
    "start": "s005",
    "end": "s005"
   },
   "lemma": "百姓皆注其耳目，聖人皆孩之",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "百姓皆注其耳目於聖人，若嬰兒之仰慈母，聖人視之，唯恐其傷也。",
   "authorNote": "",
   "citation": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本）",
   "textSimp": "百姓皆注其耳目于圣人，若婴儿之仰慈母，圣人视之，唯恐其伤也。",
   "citationFull": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本）",
   "citationSimp": "陆希声《道德经传》（《道藏》本）",
   "lemmaSimp": "百姓皆注其耳目，圣人皆孩之"
  },
  {
   "id": "c057",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "lvhuiqing",
   "target": {
    "start": "s005",
    "end": "s005"
   },
   "lemma": "百姓皆注其耳目，聖人皆孩之",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "百姓皆注其耳目，唯聖人之為視聽，而聖人皆孩之。孩之也者，遇之以慈，待之以厚，雖有不善不信，猶善而信之，知其心之无常猶己而已矣。",
   "authorNote": "",
   "citation": "呂惠卿《道德真經傳》（《道藏》本）",
   "textSimp": "百姓皆注其耳目，唯圣人之为视听，而圣人皆孩之。孩之也者，遇之以慈，待之以厚，虽有不善不信，犹善而信之，知其心之无常犹己而已矣。",
   "citationFull": "呂惠卿《道德真經傳》（《道藏》本）",
   "citationSimp": "吕惠卿《道德真经传》（《道藏》本）",
   "lemmaSimp": "百姓皆注其耳目，圣人皆孩之"
  },
  {
   "id": "c058",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "weiyuan",
   "target": {
    "start": "s005",
    "end": "s005"
   },
   "lemma": "聖人皆孩之",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "「孩」，《釋文》作「咳」。陳氏懿典曰：惵惵，不自安之意。聖人無自矜自是之心，故常有不自安之意。渾其心者，渾然不分其善不善也。",
   "authorNote": "魏源此章校記據《老子本義》下篇；章末引陳懿典說；魏源以此章為其第四十二章。",
   "citation": "魏源《老子本義》",
   "textSimp": "「孩」，《释文》作「咳」。陈氏懿典曰：惵惵，不自安之意。圣人无自矜自是之心，故常有不自安之意。浑其心者，浑然不分其善不善也。",
   "citationFull": "魏源《老子本義》（魏源此章校記據《老子本義》下篇；章末引陳懿典說；魏源以此章為其第四十二章。）",
   "citationSimp": "魏源《老子本义》",
   "authorNoteSimp": "魏源此章校记据《老子本义》下篇；章末引陈懿典说；魏源以此章为其第四十二章。",
   "lemmaSimp": "圣人皆孩之"
  }
 ],
 "charNotes": [
  {
   "id": "n001",
   "sentenceId": "s001",
   "start": 0,
   "end": 2,
   "char": "聖人",
   "charSimp": "圣人",
   "startSimp": 0,
   "endSimp": 2,
   "pinyin": "shèng rén",
   "gloss": "體道之人。",
   "glossSimp": "体道之人。",
   "general": "河上公謂聖人重改更、貴因循，若自無心；王弼謂動常因；成玄英謂體道凝淡、虛懷絕慮；唐玄宗謂物感而應、應在於感，故無常心。",
   "generalSimp": "河上公谓圣人重改更、贵因循，若自无心；王弼谓动常因；成玄英谓体道凝淡、虚怀绝虑；唐玄宗谓物感而应、应在于感，故无常心。",
   "variants": [],
   "variantsSimp": [],
   "refs": [
    "c001",
    "c002",
    "c003",
    "c004"
   ],
   "refsSimp": [
    "c001",
    "c002",
    "c003",
    "c004"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "n002",
   "sentenceId": "s001",
   "start": 2,
   "end": 5,
   "char": "無常心",
   "charSimp": "无常心",
   "startSimp": 2,
   "endSimp": 5,
   "pinyin": "wú cháng xīn",
   "gloss": "沒有固定不變的心，隨物感應。",
   "glossSimp": "没有固定不变的心，随物感应。",
   "general": "河上公謂聖人重改更、貴因循，若自無心；王弼謂動常因；成玄英謂既無心而應，亦不應應；唐玄宗謂心雖無常，唯在化善。",
   "generalSimp": "河上公谓圣人重改更、贵因循，若自无心；王弼谓动常因；成玄英谓既无心而应，亦不应应；唐玄宗谓心虽无常，唯在化善。",
   "variants": [],
   "variantsSimp": [],
   "refs": [
    "c001",
    "c002",
    "c003",
    "c004",
    "c005"
   ],
   "refsSimp": [
    "c001",
    "c002",
    "c003",
    "c004",
    "c005"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "n003",
   "sentenceId": "s001",
   "start": 7,
   "end": 10,
   "char": "百姓心",
   "charSimp": "百姓心",
   "startSimp": 7,
   "endSimp": 10,
   "pinyin": "bǎi xìng xīn",
   "gloss": "百姓的心意與願望。",
   "glossSimp": "百姓的心意与愿望。",
   "general": "成玄英謂應隨物感，故以百姓心為心；唐玄宗謂常以化百姓心為心；陸希聲謂百姓常欲安生遂性，聖人使人人得其所欲；呂惠卿謂聖人無常心，而以百姓心為心，猶鑒應形。",
   "generalSimp": "成玄英谓应随物感，故以百姓心为心；唐玄宗谓常以化百姓心为心；陆希声谓百姓常欲安生遂性，圣人使人人得其所欲；吕惠卿谓圣人无常心，而以百姓心为心，犹鉴应形。",
   "variants": [],
   "variantsSimp": [],
   "refs": [
    "c003",
    "c004",
    "c008",
    "c009"
   ],
   "refsSimp": [
    "c003",
    "c004",
    "c008",
    "c009"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "n004",
   "sentenceId": "s002",
   "start": 0,
   "end": 2,
   "char": "善者",
   "charSimp": "善者",
   "startSimp": 0,
   "endSimp": 2,
   "pinyin": "shàn zhě",
   "gloss": "為善之人。",
   "glossSimp": "为善之人。",
   "general": "河上公謂百姓為善，聖人因而善之；成玄英謂無欲修學之士；唐玄宗謂回向正道之心，聖人獎之以進修；陸希聲謂本善者，因以善輔之。",
   "generalSimp": "河上公谓百姓为善，圣人因而善之；成玄英谓无欲修学之士；唐玄宗谓回向正道之心，圣人奖之以进修；陆希声谓本善者，因以善辅之。",
   "variants": [],
   "variantsSimp": [],
   "refs": [
    "c015",
    "c017",
    "c020",
    "c023"
   ],
   "refsSimp": [
    "c015",
    "c017",
    "c020",
    "c023"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "n005",
   "sentenceId": "s002",
   "start": 6,
   "end": 9,
   "char": "不善者",
   "charSimp": "不善者",
   "startSimp": 6,
   "endSimp": 9,
   "pinyin": "bù shàn zhě",
   "gloss": "不善之人。",
   "glossSimp": "不善之人。",
   "general": "河上公謂百姓雖有不善，聖人化之使為善；成玄英謂有為滯境之人；唐玄宗謂習染增迷、信邪背道，聖人亦以善道汲引；憨山謂因我以善遇之，亦化而為善。",
   "generalSimp": "河上公谓百姓虽有不善，圣人化之使为善；成玄英谓有为滞境之人；唐玄宗谓习染增迷、信邪背道，圣人亦以善道汲引；憨山谓因我以善遇之，亦化而为善。",
   "variants": [],
   "variantsSimp": [],
   "refs": [
    "c015",
    "c017",
    "c019",
    "c023",
    "c027"
   ],
   "refsSimp": [
    "c015",
    "c017",
    "c019",
    "c023",
    "c027"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "n006",
   "sentenceId": "s002",
   "start": 14,
   "end": 16,
   "char": "德善",
   "charSimp": "德善",
   "startSimp": 14,
   "endSimp": 16,
   "pinyin": "dé shàn",
   "gloss": "以德化民，使善與不善皆得其所善；一作「得善」。",
   "glossSimp": "以德化民，使善与不善皆得其所善；一作「得善」。",
   "general": "河上公謂百姓德化，聖人為善；王弼謂各因其用，則善不失、無棄人；唐玄宗謂令化聖德而為善；憨山謂彼因我德所感，亦化而為善；魏源校「德善」下「矣」字及「德」「得」異文。",
   "generalSimp": "河上公谓百姓德化，圣人为善；王弼谓各因其用，则善不失、无弃人；唐玄宗谓令化圣德而为善；憨山谓彼因我德所感，亦化而为善；魏源校「德善」下「矣」字及「德」「得」异文。",
   "variants": [],
   "variantsSimp": [],
   "refs": [
    "c015",
    "c016",
    "c019",
    "c027",
    "c028"
   ],
   "refsSimp": [
    "c015",
    "c016",
    "c019",
    "c027",
    "c028"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "n007",
   "sentenceId": "s003",
   "start": 0,
   "end": 2,
   "char": "信者",
   "charSimp": "信者",
   "startSimp": 0,
   "endSimp": 2,
   "pinyin": "xìn zhě",
   "gloss": "守信之人。",
   "glossSimp": "守信之人。",
   "general": "河上公謂百姓為信，聖人因而信之；成玄英謂聞經愛樂；唐玄宗謂聞道勤行、心無凝執；李榮謂信為順。",
   "generalSimp": "河上公谓百姓为信，圣人因而信之；成玄英谓闻经爱乐；唐玄宗谓闻道勤行、心无凝执；李荣谓信为顺。",
   "variants": [],
   "variantsSimp": [],
   "refs": [
    "c029",
    "c030",
    "c031",
    "c033"
   ],
   "refsSimp": [
    "c029",
    "c030",
    "c031",
    "c033"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "n008",
   "sentenceId": "s003",
   "start": 6,
   "end": 9,
   "char": "不信者",
   "charSimp": "不信者",
   "startSimp": 6,
   "endSimp": 9,
   "pinyin": "bù xìn zhě",
   "gloss": "不守信之人。",
   "glossSimp": "不守信之人。",
   "general": "河上公謂百姓為不信，聖人化之使信；成玄英謂不樂道聞，聖人平等救度，普發信心；唐玄宗謂強梁背教，以平等正信化導；憨山謂因我以信遇之，亦化而為信。",
   "generalSimp": "河上公谓百姓为不信，圣人化之使信；成玄英谓不乐道闻，圣人平等救度，普发信心；唐玄宗谓强梁背教，以平等正信化导；憨山谓因我以信遇之，亦化而为信。",
   "variants": [],
   "variantsSimp": [],
   "refs": [
    "c029",
    "c030",
    "c032",
    "c035"
   ],
   "refsSimp": [
    "c029",
    "c030",
    "c032",
    "c035"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "n009",
   "sentenceId": "s003",
   "start": 14,
   "end": 16,
   "char": "德信",
   "charSimp": "德信",
   "startSimp": 14,
   "endSimp": 16,
   "pinyin": "dé xìn",
   "gloss": "以德化民，使信與不信皆得其所信；一作「得信」。",
   "glossSimp": "以德化民，使信与不信皆得其所信；一作「得信」。",
   "general": "河上公謂百姓德化，聖人為信；唐玄宗謂令舍疑歸信；李榮謂無可無不可皆順，名為大順；憨山謂彼因我德所感，亦化而為信。",
   "generalSimp": "河上公谓百姓德化，圣人为信；唐玄宗谓令舍疑归信；李荣谓无可无不可皆顺，名为大顺；憨山谓彼因我德所感，亦化而为信。",
   "variants": [],
   "variantsSimp": [],
   "refs": [
    "c029",
    "c031",
    "c032",
    "c033",
    "c035"
   ],
   "refsSimp": [
    "c029",
    "c031",
    "c032",
    "c033",
    "c035"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "n010",
   "sentenceId": "s004",
   "start": 6,
   "end": 8,
   "char": "歙歙",
   "charSimp": "歙歙",
   "startSimp": 6,
   "endSimp": 8,
   "pinyin": "xī xī",
   "gloss": "收斂、無所偏主之貌；河上公作「怵怵」，魏源等作「惵惵」。",
   "glossSimp": "收敛、无所偏主之貌；河上公作「怵怵」，魏源等作「惵惵」。",
   "general": "河上公作「怵怵」，謂常恐怖富貴、不敢驕奢；王弼謂心無所主；吳澄謂縮意，王弼以心無所主釋之，與上下文協；魏源校「歙歙」「怵怵」「惔惔」「惵惵」諸本異文。",
   "generalSimp": "河上公作「怵怵」，谓常恐怖富贵、不敢骄奢；王弼谓心无所主；吴澄谓缩意，王弼以心无所主释之，与上下文协；魏源校「歙歙」「怵怵」「惔惔」「惵惵」诸本异文。",
   "variants": [
    "惵惵",
    "怵怵",
    "惔惔"
   ],
   "variantsSimp": [
    "惵惵",
    "怵怵",
    "惔惔"
   ],
   "refs": [
    "c036",
    "c037",
    "c046",
    "c048"
   ],
   "refsSimp": [
    "c036",
    "c037",
    "c046",
    "c048"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "n011",
   "sentenceId": "s004",
   "start": 13,
   "end": 16,
   "char": "渾其心",
   "charSimp": "浑其心",
   "startSimp": 13,
   "endSimp": 16,
   "pinyin": "hún qí xīn",
   "gloss": "渾同其心，不分善惡是非。",
   "glossSimp": "浑同其心，不分善恶是非。",
   "general": "河上公謂為天下百姓渾濁其心，若愚闇不通；王弼謂意無所適莫；成玄英謂混混沌沌、無分別；唐玄宗謂渾同用心，皆為天下。",
   "generalSimp": "河上公谓为天下百姓浑浊其心，若愚暗不通；王弼谓意无所适莫；成玄英谓混混沌沌、无分别；唐玄宗谓浑同用心，皆为天下。",
   "variants": [],
   "variantsSimp": [],
   "refs": [
    "c036",
    "c037",
    "c038",
    "c039",
    "c040",
    "c041",
    "c042",
    "c046",
    "c047"
   ],
   "refsSimp": [
    "c036",
    "c037",
    "c038",
    "c039",
    "c040",
    "c041",
    "c042",
    "c046",
    "c047"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "n012",
   "sentenceId": "s005",
   "start": 3,
   "end": 7,
   "char": "注其耳目",
   "charSimp": "注其耳目",
   "startSimp": 3,
   "endSimp": 7,
   "pinyin": "zhù qí ěr mù",
   "gloss": "傾注耳目，專注於視聽。",
   "glossSimp": "倾注耳目，专注于视听。",
   "general": "河上公謂注，用也，百姓皆用其耳目為聖人視聽；成玄英謂六根偏舉耳目，欲明此二為患最深；唐玄宗謂百姓化聖德為善，傾注耳目以觀聽；李榮謂百姓縱心逐欲，注耳目於聲色。",
   "generalSimp": "河上公谓注，用也，百姓皆用其耳目为圣人视听；成玄英谓六根偏举耳目，欲明此二为患最深；唐玄宗谓百姓化圣德为善，倾注耳目以观听；李荣谓百姓纵心逐欲，注耳目于声色。",
   "variants": [],
   "variantsSimp": [],
   "refs": [
    "c049",
    "c051",
    "c053",
    "c054",
    "c055"
   ],
   "refsSimp": [
    "c049",
    "c051",
    "c053",
    "c054",
    "c055"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "n013",
   "sentenceId": "s005",
   "start": 11,
   "end": 13,
   "char": "孩之",
   "charSimp": "孩之",
   "startSimp": 11,
   "endSimp": 13,
   "pinyin": "hái zhī",
   "gloss": "視之如嬰孩，愛養而不責望。",
   "glossSimp": "视之如婴孩，爱养而不责望。",
   "general": "河上公謂愛念百姓如嬰兒赤子，長養而不責望其報；王弼謂皆使和而無欲如嬰兒；成玄英謂哀其無識，如嬰兒之可愍；唐玄宗謂視百姓皆如嬰孩。",
   "generalSimp": "河上公谓爱念百姓如婴儿赤子，长养而不责望其报；王弼谓皆使和而无欲如婴儿；成玄英谓哀其无识，如婴儿之可愍；唐玄宗谓视百姓皆如婴孩。",
   "variants": [],
   "variantsSimp": [],
   "refs": [
    "c049",
    "c050",
    "c052",
    "c053",
    "c054",
    "c057"
   ],
   "refsSimp": [
    "c049",
    "c050",
    "c052",
    "c053",
    "c054",
    "c057"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "glossary": {
  "任德": "河上公本章章題。",
  "聖人無常心章": "《玄德纂疏》、呂惠卿、蘇轍本章章題。",
  "聖人": "體道之人。",
  "無常心": "沒有固定不變的心，隨物感應。",
  "百姓心": "百姓的心意與願望。",
  "善者": "為善之人。",
  "不善者": "不善之人。",
  "德善": "以德化民，使善者與不善者皆得其所善；一作「得善」。",
  "信者": "守信之人。",
  "不信者": "不守信之人。",
  "德信": "以德化民，使信者與不信者皆得其所信；一作「得信」。",
  "歙歙": "收斂、無所偏主之貌；河上公作「怵怵」，魏源等作「惵惵」。",
  "怵怵": "河上公本用字，謂常恐怖富貴、不敢驕奢。",
  "惵惵": "憂勤、不自安之貌；諸本或作「歙歙」「怵怵」「惔惔」。",
  "渾其心": "渾同其心，不分善惡是非。",
  "注其耳目": "傾注耳目，專注於視聽。",
  "孩之": "視之如嬰孩，愛養而不責望。",
  "常善救人": "蘇轍引以說「無棄人」，謂善不善皆善、信不信皆信。"
 },
 "collations": [
  {
   "sentenceId": "s001",
   "headword": "章次與章題",
   "text": "王弼本無章題。河上公題「任德第四十九」；《玄德纂疏》卷十三、呂惠卿、蘇轍題「聖人無常心章第四十九」；吳澄以此章自為其第四十一章；魏源以此章為其第四十二章；嚴遵本無章題，此章自為一篇。本站從王弼本分章。",
   "source": "河上公《老子道德經章句》、王弼《老子道德經注》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、魏源《老子本義》、嚴遵《道德真經指歸》",
   "textSimp": "王弼本无章题。河上公题「任德第四十九」；《玄德纂疏》卷十三、吕惠卿、苏辙题「圣人无常心章第四十九」；吴澄以此章自为其第四十一章；魏源以此章为其第四十二章；严遵本无章题，此章自为一篇。本站从王弼本分章。",
   "headwordSimp": "章次与章题",
   "sourceSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》、王弼《老子道德经注》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、魏源《老子本义》、严遵《道德真经指归》",
   "id": "k001"
  },
  {
   "sentenceId": "s001",
   "headword": "聖人無常心，以百姓心為心",
   "text": "吳澄本作「聖人無常心，以百姓之心為心」，多一「之」字；魏源云「聖人下，一本有之字」；王弼、河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、憨山作「以百姓心為心」。本站從王弼本。",
   "source": "王弼《老子道德經注》、河上公《老子道德經章句》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》",
   "textSimp": "吴澄本作「圣人无常心，以百姓之心为心」，多一「之」字；魏源云「圣人下，一本有之字」；王弼、河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李荣、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、憨山作「以百姓心为心」。本站从王弼本。",
   "headwordSimp": "圣人无常心，以百姓心为心",
   "sourceSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》、河上公《老子道德经章句》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、李荣《道德真经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》",
   "id": "k002"
  },
  {
   "sentenceId": "s002",
   "headword": "德善、德信",
   "text": "王弼本「德善」「德信」下無「矣」字；陸希聲、蘇轍、憨山、魏源作「德善矣」「德信矣」；成玄英、李榮、吳澄作「得善」「得信」，吳澄並有「矣」字；魏源云一本「德」作「得」。本站從王弼本。",
   "source": "王弼《老子道德經注》、河上公《老子道德經章句》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》",
   "textSimp": "王弼本「德善」「德信」下无「矣」字；陆希声、苏辙、憨山、魏源作「德善矣」「德信矣」；成玄英、李荣、吴澄作「得善」「得信」，吴澄并有「矣」字；魏源云一本「德」作「得」。本站从王弼本。",
   "headwordSimp": "德善、德信",
   "sourceSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》、河上公《老子道德经章句》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、李荣《道德真经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》",
   "id": "k003"
  },
  {
   "sentenceId": "s004",
   "headword": "聖人在天下，歙歙焉",
   "text": "王弼通行本作「聖人在天下，歙歙焉」；吳澄、蘇轍、憨山作「聖人之在天下」；河上公作「怵怵」；魏源、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、憨山作「惵惵」；《釋文》作「惔惔」；魏源云一本「惵惵」下有「焉」字。本站從王弼通行本。",
   "source": "王弼《老子道德經注》、河上公《老子道德經章句》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》",
   "textSimp": "王弼通行本作「圣人在天下，歙歙焉」；吴澄、苏辙、憨山作「圣人之在天下」；河上公作「怵怵」；魏源、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、憨山作「惵惵」；《释文》作「惔惔」；魏源云一本「惵惵」下有「焉」字。本站从王弼通行本。",
   "headwordSimp": "圣人在天下，歙歙焉",
   "sourceSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》、河上公《老子道德经章句》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、李荣《道德真经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》",
   "id": "k004"
  },
  {
   "sentenceId": "s004",
   "headword": "為天下渾其心",
   "text": "傅奕本作「為天下渾渾焉」，據魏源校記；成玄英、唐玄宗御疏引經作「混其心」；王弼、河上公、李榮、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山作「渾其心」。本站從王弼本。",
   "source": "王弼《老子道德經注》、河上公《老子道德經章句》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》",
   "textSimp": "傅奕本作「为天下浑浑焉」，据魏源校记；成玄英、唐玄宗御疏引经作「混其心」；王弼、河上公、李荣、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、憨山作「浑其心」。本站从王弼本。",
   "headwordSimp": "为天下浑其心",
   "sourceSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》、河上公《老子道德经章句》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、李荣《道德真经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》",
   "id": "k005"
  },
  {
   "sentenceId": "s005",
   "headword": "聖人皆孩之",
   "text": "《釋文》「孩」作「咳」，據魏源校記；王弼、河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山、魏源作「孩之」。本站從王弼本。",
   "source": "王弼《老子道德經注》、河上公《老子道德經章句》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》",
   "textSimp": "《释文》「孩」作「咳」，据魏源校记；王弼、河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李荣、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、憨山、魏源作「孩之」。本站从王弼本。",
   "headwordSimp": "圣人皆孩之",
   "sourceSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》、河上公《老子道德经章句》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、李荣《道德真经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》",
   "id": "k006"
  },
  {
   "sentenceId": "s001",
   "headword": "出處與注數",
   "text": "河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗御注御疏、李榮、嚴遵輯文據《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引；河上公並據四部叢刊本；王弼、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄據《道藏》本；憨山、魏源、王夫之據公開轉錄本。河上公五條、王弼四條、成玄英六條、唐玄宗御注御疏十一條、嚴遵三條、李榮五條、陸希聲五條、呂惠卿四條、蘇轍三條、吳澄三條、憨山四條、魏源四條、王夫之一條。俞樾《諸子平議》此章未列。",
   "source": "河上公《老子道德經章句》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、李榮《道德真經注》、嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（以上據《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）、王弼《老子道德經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》、王夫之《老子衍》、俞樾《諸子平議·老子平議》",
   "textSimp": "河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗御注御疏、李荣、严遵辑文据《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引；河上公并据四部丛刊本；王弼、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄据《道藏》本；憨山、魏源、王夫之据公开转录本。河上公五条、王弼四条、成玄英六条、唐玄宗御注御疏十一条、严遵三条、李荣五条、陆希声五条、吕惠卿四条、苏辙三条、吴澄三条、憨山四条、魏源四条、王夫之一条。俞樾《诸子平议》此章未列。",
   "headwordSimp": "出处与注数",
   "sourceSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、李荣《道德真经注》、严遵《道德真经指归》（以上据《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引）、王弼《老子道德经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》、王夫之《老子衍》、俞樾《诸子平议·老子平议》",
   "id": "k007"
  }
 ],
 "glossarySimp": {
  "任德": "河上公本章章题。",
  "圣人无常心章": "《玄德纂疏》、吕惠卿、苏辙本章章题。",
  "圣人": "体道之人。",
  "无常心": "没有固定不变的心，随物感应。",
  "百姓心": "百姓的心意与愿望。",
  "善者": "为善之人。",
  "不善者": "不善之人。",
  "德善": "以德化民，使善者与不善者皆得其所善；一作「得善」。",
  "信者": "守信之人。",
  "不信者": "不守信之人。",
  "德信": "以德化民，使信者与不信者皆得其所信；一作「得信」。",
  "歙歙": "收敛、无所偏主之貌；河上公作「怵怵」，魏源等作「惵惵」。",
  "怵怵": "河上公本用字，谓常恐怖富贵、不敢骄奢。",
  "惵惵": "忧勤、不自安之貌；诸本或作「歙歙」「怵怵」「惔惔」。",
  "浑其心": "浑同其心，不分善恶是非。",
  "注其耳目": "倾注耳目，专注于视听。",
  "孩之": "视之如婴孩，爱养而不责望。",
  "常善救人": "苏辙引以说「无弃人」，谓善不善皆善、信不信皆信。"
 },
 "lexicon": {
  "note": "由构建脚本从字词注与常用字表生成，供义位词典和开放数据集使用；occurrence 统计按繁体与简体正文分别匹配后合并。",
  "entries": [
   {
    "order": 1,
    "id": "n001",
    "noteId": "n001",
    "sentenceId": "s001",
    "headword": "聖人",
    "headwordSimp": "圣人",
    "pinyin": "shèng rén",
    "gloss": "體道之人。",
    "glossSimp": "体道之人。",
    "general": "河上公謂聖人重改更、貴因循，若自無心；王弼謂動常因；成玄英謂體道凝淡、虛懷絕慮；唐玄宗謂物感而應、應在於感，故無常心。",
    "generalSimp": "河上公谓圣人重改更、贵因循，若自无心；王弼谓动常因；成玄英谓体道凝淡、虚怀绝虑；唐玄宗谓物感而应、应在于感，故无常心。",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [
     "c001",
     "c002",
     "c003",
     "c004"
    ],
    "refsSimp": [
     "c001",
     "c002",
     "c003",
     "c004"
    ],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "聖人",
      "formSimp": "圣人",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 3,
      "sentenceIds": [
       "s001",
       "s004",
       "s005"
      ]
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [
     "s001",
     "s004",
     "s005"
    ],
    "occurrenceCount": 3
   },
   {
    "order": 2,
    "id": "n002",
    "noteId": "n002",
    "sentenceId": "s001",
    "headword": "無常心",
    "headwordSimp": "无常心",
    "pinyin": "wú cháng xīn",
    "gloss": "沒有固定不變的心，隨物感應。",
    "glossSimp": "没有固定不变的心，随物感应。",
    "general": "河上公謂聖人重改更、貴因循，若自無心；王弼謂動常因；成玄英謂既無心而應，亦不應應；唐玄宗謂心雖無常，唯在化善。",
    "generalSimp": "河上公谓圣人重改更、贵因循，若自无心；王弼谓动常因；成玄英谓既无心而应，亦不应应；唐玄宗谓心虽无常，唯在化善。",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [
     "c001",
     "c002",
     "c003",
     "c004",
     "c005"
    ],
    "refsSimp": [
     "c001",
     "c002",
     "c003",
     "c004",
     "c005"
    ],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "無常心",
      "formSimp": "无常心",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 1,
      "sentenceIds": [
       "s001"
      ]
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [
     "s001"
    ],
    "occurrenceCount": 1
   },
   {
    "order": 3,
    "id": "n003",
    "noteId": "n003",
    "sentenceId": "s001",
    "headword": "百姓心",
    "headwordSimp": "百姓心",
    "pinyin": "bǎi xìng xīn",
    "gloss": "百姓的心意與願望。",
    "glossSimp": "百姓的心意与愿望。",
    "general": "成玄英謂應隨物感，故以百姓心為心；唐玄宗謂常以化百姓心為心；陸希聲謂百姓常欲安生遂性，聖人使人人得其所欲；呂惠卿謂聖人無常心，而以百姓心為心，猶鑒應形。",
    "generalSimp": "成玄英谓应随物感，故以百姓心为心；唐玄宗谓常以化百姓心为心；陆希声谓百姓常欲安生遂性，圣人使人人得其所欲；吕惠卿谓圣人无常心，而以百姓心为心，犹鉴应形。",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [
     "c003",
     "c004",
     "c008",
     "c009"
    ],
    "refsSimp": [
     "c003",
     "c004",
     "c008",
     "c009"
    ],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "百姓心",
      "formSimp": "百姓心",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 1,
      "sentenceIds": [
       "s001"
      ]
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [
     "s001"
    ],
    "occurrenceCount": 1
   },
   {
    "order": 4,
    "id": "n004",
    "noteId": "n004",
    "sentenceId": "s002",
    "headword": "善者",
    "headwordSimp": "善者",
    "pinyin": "shàn zhě",
    "gloss": "為善之人。",
    "glossSimp": "为善之人。",
    "general": "河上公謂百姓為善，聖人因而善之；成玄英謂無欲修學之士；唐玄宗謂回向正道之心，聖人獎之以進修；陸希聲謂本善者，因以善輔之。",
    "generalSimp": "河上公谓百姓为善，圣人因而善之；成玄英谓无欲修学之士；唐玄宗谓回向正道之心，圣人奖之以进修；陆希声谓本善者，因以善辅之。",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [
     "c015",
     "c017",
     "c020",
     "c023"
    ],
    "refsSimp": [
     "c015",
     "c017",
     "c020",
     "c023"
    ],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "善者",
      "formSimp": "善者",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 1,
      "sentenceIds": [
       "s002"
      ]
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [
     "s002"
    ],
    "occurrenceCount": 1
   },
   {
    "order": 5,
    "id": "n005",
    "noteId": "n005",
    "sentenceId": "s002",
    "headword": "不善者",
    "headwordSimp": "不善者",
    "pinyin": "bù shàn zhě",
    "gloss": "不善之人。",
    "glossSimp": "不善之人。",
    "general": "河上公謂百姓雖有不善，聖人化之使為善；成玄英謂有為滯境之人；唐玄宗謂習染增迷、信邪背道，聖人亦以善道汲引；憨山謂因我以善遇之，亦化而為善。",
    "generalSimp": "河上公谓百姓虽有不善，圣人化之使为善；成玄英谓有为滞境之人；唐玄宗谓习染增迷、信邪背道，圣人亦以善道汲引；憨山谓因我以善遇之，亦化而为善。",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [
     "c015",
     "c017",
     "c019",
     "c023",
     "c027"
    ],
    "refsSimp": [
     "c015",
     "c017",
     "c019",
     "c023",
     "c027"
    ],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "不善者",
      "formSimp": "不善者",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 1,
      "sentenceIds": [
       "s002"
      ]
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [
     "s002"
    ],
    "occurrenceCount": 1
   },
   {
    "order": 6,
    "id": "n006",
    "noteId": "n006",
    "sentenceId": "s002",
    "headword": "德善",
    "headwordSimp": "德善",
    "pinyin": "dé shàn",
    "gloss": "以德化民，使善與不善皆得其所善；一作「得善」。",
    "glossSimp": "以德化民，使善与不善皆得其所善；一作「得善」。",
    "general": "河上公謂百姓德化，聖人為善；王弼謂各因其用，則善不失、無棄人；唐玄宗謂令化聖德而為善；憨山謂彼因我德所感，亦化而為善；魏源校「德善」下「矣」字及「德」「得」異文。",
    "generalSimp": "河上公谓百姓德化，圣人为善；王弼谓各因其用，则善不失、无弃人；唐玄宗谓令化圣德而为善；憨山谓彼因我德所感，亦化而为善；魏源校「德善」下「矣」字及「德」「得」异文。",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [
     "c015",
     "c016",
     "c019",
     "c027",
     "c028"
    ],
    "refsSimp": [
     "c015",
     "c016",
     "c019",
     "c027",
     "c028"
    ],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "德善",
      "formSimp": "德善",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 1,
      "sentenceIds": [
       "s002"
      ]
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [
     "s002"
    ],
    "occurrenceCount": 1
   },
   {
    "order": 7,
    "id": "n007",
    "noteId": "n007",
    "sentenceId": "s003",
    "headword": "信者",
    "headwordSimp": "信者",
    "pinyin": "xìn zhě",
    "gloss": "守信之人。",
    "glossSimp": "守信之人。",
    "general": "河上公謂百姓為信，聖人因而信之；成玄英謂聞經愛樂；唐玄宗謂聞道勤行、心無凝執；李榮謂信為順。",
    "generalSimp": "河上公谓百姓为信，圣人因而信之；成玄英谓闻经爱乐；唐玄宗谓闻道勤行、心无凝执；李荣谓信为顺。",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [
     "c029",
     "c030",
     "c031",
     "c033"
    ],
    "refsSimp": [
     "c029",
     "c030",
     "c031",
     "c033"
    ],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "信者",
      "formSimp": "信者",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 1,
      "sentenceIds": [
       "s003"
      ]
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [
     "s003"
    ],
    "occurrenceCount": 1
   },
   {
    "order": 8,
    "id": "n008",
    "noteId": "n008",
    "sentenceId": "s003",
    "headword": "不信者",
    "headwordSimp": "不信者",
    "pinyin": "bù xìn zhě",
    "gloss": "不守信之人。",
    "glossSimp": "不守信之人。",
    "general": "河上公謂百姓為不信，聖人化之使信；成玄英謂不樂道聞，聖人平等救度，普發信心；唐玄宗謂強梁背教，以平等正信化導；憨山謂因我以信遇之，亦化而為信。",
    "generalSimp": "河上公谓百姓为不信，圣人化之使信；成玄英谓不乐道闻，圣人平等救度，普发信心；唐玄宗谓强梁背教，以平等正信化导；憨山谓因我以信遇之，亦化而为信。",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [
     "c029",
     "c030",
     "c032",
     "c035"
    ],
    "refsSimp": [
     "c029",
     "c030",
     "c032",
     "c035"
    ],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "不信者",
      "formSimp": "不信者",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 1,
      "sentenceIds": [
       "s003"
      ]
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [
     "s003"
    ],
    "occurrenceCount": 1
   },
   {
    "order": 9,
    "id": "n009",
    "noteId": "n009",
    "sentenceId": "s003",
    "headword": "德信",
    "headwordSimp": "德信",
    "pinyin": "dé xìn",
    "gloss": "以德化民，使信與不信皆得其所信；一作「得信」。",
    "glossSimp": "以德化民，使信与不信皆得其所信；一作「得信」。",
    "general": "河上公謂百姓德化，聖人為信；唐玄宗謂令舍疑歸信；李榮謂無可無不可皆順，名為大順；憨山謂彼因我德所感，亦化而為信。",
    "generalSimp": "河上公谓百姓德化，圣人为信；唐玄宗谓令舍疑归信；李荣谓无可无不可皆顺，名为大顺；憨山谓彼因我德所感，亦化而为信。",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [
     "c029",
     "c031",
     "c032",
     "c033",
     "c035"
    ],
    "refsSimp": [
     "c029",
     "c031",
     "c032",
     "c033",
     "c035"
    ],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "德信",
      "formSimp": "德信",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 1,
      "sentenceIds": [
       "s003"
      ]
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [
     "s003"
    ],
    "occurrenceCount": 1
   },
   {
    "order": 10,
    "id": "n010",
    "noteId": "n010",
    "sentenceId": "s004",
    "headword": "歙歙",
    "headwordSimp": "歙歙",
    "pinyin": "xī xī",
    "gloss": "收斂、無所偏主之貌；河上公作「怵怵」，魏源等作「惵惵」。",
    "glossSimp": "收敛、无所偏主之貌；河上公作「怵怵」，魏源等作「惵惵」。",
    "general": "河上公作「怵怵」，謂常恐怖富貴、不敢驕奢；王弼謂心無所主；吳澄謂縮意，王弼以心無所主釋之，與上下文協；魏源校「歙歙」「怵怵」「惔惔」「惵惵」諸本異文。",
    "generalSimp": "河上公作「怵怵」，谓常恐怖富贵、不敢骄奢；王弼谓心无所主；吴澄谓缩意，王弼以心无所主释之，与上下文协；魏源校「歙歙」「怵怵」「惔惔」「惵惵」诸本异文。",
    "variants": [
     "惵惵",
     "怵怵",
     "惔惔"
    ],
    "variantsSimp": [
     "惵惵",
     "怵怵",
     "惔惔"
    ],
    "refs": [
     "c036",
     "c037",
     "c046",
     "c048"
    ],
    "refsSimp": [
     "c036",
     "c037",
     "c046",
     "c048"
    ],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "歙歙",
      "formSimp": "歙歙",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 1,
      "sentenceIds": [
       "s004"
      ]
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [
     "s004"
    ],
    "occurrenceCount": 1
   },
   {
    "order": 11,
    "id": "n011",
    "noteId": "n011",
    "sentenceId": "s004",
    "headword": "渾其心",
    "headwordSimp": "浑其心",
    "pinyin": "hún qí xīn",
    "gloss": "渾同其心，不分善惡是非。",
    "glossSimp": "浑同其心，不分善恶是非。",
    "general": "河上公謂為天下百姓渾濁其心，若愚闇不通；王弼謂意無所適莫；成玄英謂混混沌沌、無分別；唐玄宗謂渾同用心，皆為天下。",
    "generalSimp": "河上公谓为天下百姓浑浊其心，若愚暗不通；王弼谓意无所适莫；成玄英谓混混沌沌、无分别；唐玄宗谓浑同用心，皆为天下。",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [
     "c036",
     "c037",
     "c038",
     "c039",
     "c040",
     "c041",
     "c042",
     "c046",
     "c047"
    ],
    "refsSimp": [
     "c036",
     "c037",
     "c038",
     "c039",
     "c040",
     "c041",
     "c042",
     "c046",
     "c047"
    ],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "渾其心",
      "formSimp": "浑其心",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 1,
      "sentenceIds": [
       "s004"
      ]
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [
     "s004"
    ],
    "occurrenceCount": 1
   },
   {
    "order": 12,
    "id": "n012",
    "noteId": "n012",
    "sentenceId": "s005",
    "headword": "注其耳目",
    "headwordSimp": "注其耳目",
    "pinyin": "zhù qí ěr mù",
    "gloss": "傾注耳目，專注於視聽。",
    "glossSimp": "倾注耳目，专注于视听。",
    "general": "河上公謂注，用也，百姓皆用其耳目為聖人視聽；成玄英謂六根偏舉耳目，欲明此二為患最深；唐玄宗謂百姓化聖德為善，傾注耳目以觀聽；李榮謂百姓縱心逐欲，注耳目於聲色。",
    "generalSimp": "河上公谓注，用也，百姓皆用其耳目为圣人视听；成玄英谓六根偏举耳目，欲明此二为患最深；唐玄宗谓百姓化圣德为善，倾注耳目以观听；李荣谓百姓纵心逐欲，注耳目于声色。",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [
     "c049",
     "c051",
     "c053",
     "c054",
     "c055"
    ],
    "refsSimp": [
     "c049",
     "c051",
     "c053",
     "c054",
     "c055"
    ],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "注其耳目",
      "formSimp": "注其耳目",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 1,
      "sentenceIds": [
       "s005"
      ]
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [
     "s005"
    ],
    "occurrenceCount": 1
   },
   {
    "order": 13,
    "id": "n013",
    "noteId": "n013",
    "sentenceId": "s005",
    "headword": "孩之",
    "headwordSimp": "孩之",
    "pinyin": "hái zhī",
    "gloss": "視之如嬰孩，愛養而不責望。",
    "glossSimp": "视之如婴孩，爱养而不责望。",
    "general": "河上公謂愛念百姓如嬰兒赤子，長養而不責望其報；王弼謂皆使和而無欲如嬰兒；成玄英謂哀其無識，如嬰兒之可愍；唐玄宗謂視百姓皆如嬰孩。",
    "generalSimp": "河上公谓爱念百姓如婴儿赤子，长养而不责望其报；王弼谓皆使和而无欲如婴儿；成玄英谓哀其无识，如婴儿之可愍；唐玄宗谓视百姓皆如婴孩。",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [
     "c049",
     "c050",
     "c052",
     "c053",
     "c054",
     "c057"
    ],
    "refsSimp": [
     "c049",
     "c050",
     "c052",
     "c053",
     "c054",
     "c057"
    ],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "孩之",
      "formSimp": "孩之",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 1,
      "sentenceIds": [
       "s005"
      ]
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [
     "s005"
    ],
    "occurrenceCount": 1
   }
  ],
  "glossaryEntries": [
   {
    "order": 14,
    "id": "g001",
    "noteId": "",
    "sentenceId": "",
    "headword": "任德",
    "headwordSimp": "任德",
    "pinyin": "",
    "gloss": "河上公本章章題。",
    "glossSimp": "河上公本章章题。",
    "general": "",
    "generalSimp": "",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [],
    "refsSimp": [],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "任德",
      "formSimp": "任德",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 0,
      "sentenceIds": []
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [],
    "occurrenceCount": 0
   },
   {
    "order": 15,
    "id": "g002",
    "noteId": "",
    "sentenceId": "",
    "headword": "聖人無常心章",
    "headwordSimp": "圣人无常心章",
    "pinyin": "",
    "gloss": "《玄德纂疏》、呂惠卿、蘇轍本章章題。",
    "glossSimp": "《玄德纂疏》、吕惠卿、苏辙本章章题。",
    "general": "",
    "generalSimp": "",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [],
    "refsSimp": [],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "聖人無常心章",
      "formSimp": "圣人无常心章",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 0,
      "sentenceIds": []
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [],
    "occurrenceCount": 0
   },
   {
    "order": 16,
    "id": "g003",
    "noteId": "",
    "sentenceId": "s001",
    "headword": "聖人",
    "headwordSimp": "圣人",
    "pinyin": "",
    "gloss": "體道之人。",
    "glossSimp": "体道之人。",
    "general": "",
    "generalSimp": "",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [],
    "refsSimp": [],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "聖人",
      "formSimp": "圣人",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 3,
      "sentenceIds": [
       "s001",
       "s004",
       "s005"
      ]
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [
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    ],
    "occurrenceCount": 3
   },
   {
    "order": 17,
    "id": "g004",
    "noteId": "",
    "sentenceId": "s001",
    "headword": "無常心",
    "headwordSimp": "无常心",
    "pinyin": "",
    "gloss": "沒有固定不變的心，隨物感應。",
    "glossSimp": "没有固定不变的心，随物感应。",
    "general": "",
    "generalSimp": "",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [],
    "refsSimp": [],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "無常心",
      "formSimp": "无常心",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 1,
      "sentenceIds": [
       "s001"
      ]
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [
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    ],
    "occurrenceCount": 1
   },
   {
    "order": 18,
    "id": "g005",
    "noteId": "",
    "sentenceId": "s001",
    "headword": "百姓心",
    "headwordSimp": "百姓心",
    "pinyin": "",
    "gloss": "百姓的心意與願望。",
    "glossSimp": "百姓的心意与愿望。",
    "general": "",
    "generalSimp": "",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [],
    "refsSimp": [],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "百姓心",
      "formSimp": "百姓心",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 1,
      "sentenceIds": [
       "s001"
      ]
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [
     "s001"
    ],
    "occurrenceCount": 1
   },
   {
    "order": 19,
    "id": "g006",
    "noteId": "",
    "sentenceId": "s002",
    "headword": "善者",
    "headwordSimp": "善者",
    "pinyin": "",
    "gloss": "為善之人。",
    "glossSimp": "为善之人。",
    "general": "",
    "generalSimp": "",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [],
    "refsSimp": [],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "善者",
      "formSimp": "善者",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 1,
      "sentenceIds": [
       "s002"
      ]
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [
     "s002"
    ],
    "occurrenceCount": 1
   },
   {
    "order": 20,
    "id": "g007",
    "noteId": "",
    "sentenceId": "s002",
    "headword": "不善者",
    "headwordSimp": "不善者",
    "pinyin": "",
    "gloss": "不善之人。",
    "glossSimp": "不善之人。",
    "general": "",
    "generalSimp": "",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [],
    "refsSimp": [],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "不善者",
      "formSimp": "不善者",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 1,
      "sentenceIds": [
       "s002"
      ]
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [
     "s002"
    ],
    "occurrenceCount": 1
   },
   {
    "order": 21,
    "id": "g008",
    "noteId": "",
    "sentenceId": "s002",
    "headword": "德善",
    "headwordSimp": "德善",
    "pinyin": "",
    "gloss": "以德化民，使善者與不善者皆得其所善；一作「得善」。",
    "glossSimp": "以德化民，使善者与不善者皆得其所善；一作「得善」。",
    "general": "",
    "generalSimp": "",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [],
    "refsSimp": [],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "德善",
      "formSimp": "德善",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 1,
      "sentenceIds": [
       "s002"
      ]
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [
     "s002"
    ],
    "occurrenceCount": 1
   },
   {
    "order": 22,
    "id": "g009",
    "noteId": "",
    "sentenceId": "s003",
    "headword": "信者",
    "headwordSimp": "信者",
    "pinyin": "",
    "gloss": "守信之人。",
    "glossSimp": "守信之人。",
    "general": "",
    "generalSimp": "",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [],
    "refsSimp": [],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "信者",
      "formSimp": "信者",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 1,
      "sentenceIds": [
       "s003"
      ]
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [
     "s003"
    ],
    "occurrenceCount": 1
   },
   {
    "order": 23,
    "id": "g010",
    "noteId": "",
    "sentenceId": "s003",
    "headword": "不信者",
    "headwordSimp": "不信者",
    "pinyin": "",
    "gloss": "不守信之人。",
    "glossSimp": "不守信之人。",
    "general": "",
    "generalSimp": "",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [],
    "refsSimp": [],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "不信者",
      "formSimp": "不信者",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 1,
      "sentenceIds": [
       "s003"
      ]
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [
     "s003"
    ],
    "occurrenceCount": 1
   },
   {
    "order": 24,
    "id": "g011",
    "noteId": "",
    "sentenceId": "s003",
    "headword": "德信",
    "headwordSimp": "德信",
    "pinyin": "",
    "gloss": "以德化民，使信者與不信者皆得其所信；一作「得信」。",
    "glossSimp": "以德化民，使信者与不信者皆得其所信；一作「得信」。",
    "general": "",
    "generalSimp": "",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [],
    "refsSimp": [],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "德信",
      "formSimp": "德信",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 1,
      "sentenceIds": [
       "s003"
      ]
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [
     "s003"
    ],
    "occurrenceCount": 1
   },
   {
    "order": 25,
    "id": "g012",
    "noteId": "",
    "sentenceId": "s004",
    "headword": "歙歙",
    "headwordSimp": "歙歙",
    "pinyin": "",
    "gloss": "收斂、無所偏主之貌；河上公作「怵怵」，魏源等作「惵惵」。",
    "glossSimp": "收敛、无所偏主之貌；河上公作「怵怵」，魏源等作「惵惵」。",
    "general": "",
    "generalSimp": "",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [],
    "refsSimp": [],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "歙歙",
      "formSimp": "歙歙",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 1,
      "sentenceIds": [
       "s004"
      ]
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [
     "s004"
    ],
    "occurrenceCount": 1
   },
   {
    "order": 26,
    "id": "g013",
    "noteId": "",
    "sentenceId": "",
    "headword": "怵怵",
    "headwordSimp": "怵怵",
    "pinyin": "",
    "gloss": "河上公本用字，謂常恐怖富貴、不敢驕奢。",
    "glossSimp": "河上公本用字，谓常恐怖富贵、不敢骄奢。",
    "general": "",
    "generalSimp": "",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [],
    "refsSimp": [],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "怵怵",
      "formSimp": "怵怵",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 0,
      "sentenceIds": []
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [],
    "occurrenceCount": 0
   },
   {
    "order": 27,
    "id": "g014",
    "noteId": "",
    "sentenceId": "",
    "headword": "惵惵",
    "headwordSimp": "惵惵",
    "pinyin": "",
    "gloss": "憂勤、不自安之貌；諸本或作「歙歙」「怵怵」「惔惔」。",
    "glossSimp": "忧勤、不自安之貌；诸本或作「歙歙」「怵怵」「惔惔」。",
    "general": "",
    "generalSimp": "",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [],
    "refsSimp": [],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "惵惵",
      "formSimp": "惵惵",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 0,
      "sentenceIds": []
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [],
    "occurrenceCount": 0
   },
   {
    "order": 28,
    "id": "g015",
    "noteId": "",
    "sentenceId": "s004",
    "headword": "渾其心",
    "headwordSimp": "浑其心",
    "pinyin": "",
    "gloss": "渾同其心，不分善惡是非。",
    "glossSimp": "浑同其心，不分善恶是非。",
    "general": "",
    "generalSimp": "",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [],
    "refsSimp": [],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "渾其心",
      "formSimp": "浑其心",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 1,
      "sentenceIds": [
       "s004"
      ]
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [
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    ],
    "occurrenceCount": 1
   },
   {
    "order": 29,
    "id": "g016",
    "noteId": "",
    "sentenceId": "s005",
    "headword": "注其耳目",
    "headwordSimp": "注其耳目",
    "pinyin": "",
    "gloss": "傾注耳目，專注於視聽。",
    "glossSimp": "倾注耳目，专注于视听。",
    "general": "",
    "generalSimp": "",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [],
    "refsSimp": [],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "注其耳目",
      "formSimp": "注其耳目",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 1,
      "sentenceIds": [
       "s005"
      ]
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [
     "s005"
    ],
    "occurrenceCount": 1
   },
   {
    "order": 30,
    "id": "g017",
    "noteId": "",
    "sentenceId": "s005",
    "headword": "孩之",
    "headwordSimp": "孩之",
    "pinyin": "",
    "gloss": "視之如嬰孩，愛養而不責望。",
    "glossSimp": "视之如婴孩，爱养而不责望。",
    "general": "",
    "generalSimp": "",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [],
    "refsSimp": [],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "孩之",
      "formSimp": "孩之",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 1,
      "sentenceIds": [
       "s005"
      ]
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [
     "s005"
    ],
    "occurrenceCount": 1
   },
   {
    "order": 31,
    "id": "g018",
    "noteId": "",
    "sentenceId": "",
    "headword": "常善救人",
    "headwordSimp": "常善救人",
    "pinyin": "",
    "gloss": "蘇轍引以說「無棄人」，謂善不善皆善、信不信皆信。",
    "glossSimp": "苏辙引以说「无弃人」，谓善不善皆善、信不信皆信。",
    "general": "",
    "generalSimp": "",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [],
    "refsSimp": [],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "常善救人",
      "formSimp": "常善救人",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 0,
      "sentenceIds": []
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [],
    "occurrenceCount": 0
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  ]
 },
 "relations": {
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "note": "第四十九章五句的十三家對照，為德經第十二章。河上公此章據四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引；成玄英、唐玄宗御注御疏、李榮、嚴遵據《玄德纂疏》卷十三所引；王弼、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄據《道藏》本；憨山、魏源、王夫之據公開轉錄本；俞樾《諸子平議》此章未列。河上公題「任德」，吳澄以此章為其第四十一章，魏源以此章為其第四十二章。聖人無常心、以百姓心為心，有因循、感應、虛忘、鑒形諸解；善不善皆善、信不信皆信，有化民使善、平等救度、德性自出、以一待之諸說；聖人渾心、百姓注耳目、聖人皆孩之，有怵怵戒懼、心無所主、混同分別、慈母視子之別。",
  "concepts": [
   {
    "id": "sheng-ren-wu-chang-xin-yi-bai-xing-xin-wei-xin",
    "name": "聖人無常心，以百姓心為心",
    "nameTrad": "聖人無常心，以百姓心為心",
    "question": "聖人為何「無常心」？「以百姓心為心」是順從民意，還是感應化物？",
    "questionTrad": "聖人為何「無常心」？「以百姓心為心」是順從民意，還是感應化物？",
    "intro": "河上公以聖人重改更、貴因循，若自無心，百姓心之所便因而從之。王弼以動常因為無常心之解。成玄英以體道凝淡、虛懷絕慮，心與太空均其寂泊，故無心；有感斯應，應隨物感，故以百姓心為心，既無心而應，亦不應應。唐玄宗御注以物感而應、應在於感，故無常心，心雖無常唯在化善；御疏以應必緣感、感既不一，故應無常心，義存慈救。嚴遵輯文以無心之心為心之主，去心則危者復寧、用心則安者復亡，上含道德之化、下包萬人之心，視心如身，去我情欲、取人所安、與人大同。李榮以君上無心於有為、任百姓之自化，聖人無情分別、逐萬有而感通。陸希聲以體道無為、物感則應，應其所感故無常心；百姓常欲安生遂性，聖人使人人得其所欲，是以百姓心為心。呂惠卿以人心操存捨亡、出入無時、莫知其鄉，聖人先得我心之盡，故無常心而以百姓心為心，猶鑒無常形而應形。蘇轍以虛空無形、因萬物之形以為形，聖人無心、因百姓之心以為心。吳澄引政和註「虛而能受、靜而能應」、董思靖「無我而不滯於物」。憨山以聖人不言之教、無心成化，聖心至虛無我、以至誠待物，曾無一定之心，但以百姓之心為心。魏源校「之」字有無。王夫之以執大常以無所常，百姓可坐待其及。諸家或就因循立說，或就感應、虛忘、鑒形立說，大旨皆以無常心非無心，乃不固執一己而應物。",
    "introTrad": "河上公以聖人重改更、貴因循，若自無心，百姓心之所便因而從之。王弼以動常因為無常心之解。成玄英以體道凝淡、虛懷絕慮，心與太空均其寂泊，故無心；有感斯應，應隨物感，故以百姓心為心，既無心而應，亦不應應。唐玄宗御注以物感而應、應在於感，故無常心，心雖無常唯在化善；御疏以應必緣感、感既不一，故應無常心，義存慈救。嚴遵輯文以無心之心為心之主，去心則危者復寧、用心則安者復亡，上含道德之化、下包萬人之心，視心如身，去我情欲、取人所安、與人大同。李榮以君上無心於有為、任百姓之自化，聖人無情分別、逐萬有而感通。陸希聲以體道無為、物感則應，應其所感故無常心；百姓常欲安生遂性，聖人使人人得其所欲，是以百姓心為心。呂惠卿以人心操存捨亡、出入無時、莫知其鄉，聖人先得我心之盡，故無常心而以百姓心為心，猶鑒無常形而應形。蘇轍以虛空無形、因萬物之形以為形，聖人無心、因百姓之心以為心。吳澄引政和註「虛而能受、靜而能應」、董思靖「無我而不滯於物」。憨山以聖人不言之教、無心成化，聖心至虛無我、以至誠待物，曾無一定之心，但以百姓之心為心。魏源校「之」字有無。王夫之以執大常以無所常，百姓可坐待其及。諸家或就因循立說，或就感應、虛忘、鑒形立說，大旨皆以無常心非無心，乃不固執一己而應物。",
    "positions": {
     "heshanggong": {
      "workType": "注",
      "workTypeTrad": "注",
      "thesis": "聖人重改更、貴因循，若自無心，百姓心之所便因而從之。",
      "thesisTrad": "聖人重改更、貴因循，若自無心，百姓心之所便因而從之。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c001"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "注",
      "thesisSimp": "圣人重改更、贵因循，若自无心，百姓心之所便因而从之。"
     },
     "wangbi": {
      "workType": "注",
      "workTypeTrad": "注",
      "thesis": "動常因也。",
      "thesisTrad": "動常因也。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c002"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "注",
      "thesisSimp": "动常因也。"
     },
     "chengxuanying": {
      "workType": "疏",
      "workTypeTrad": "疏",
      "thesis": "體道凝淡、虛懷絕慮，有感斯應，故以百姓心為心；既無心而應，亦不應應。",
      "thesisTrad": "體道凝淡、虛懷絕慮，有感斯應，故以百姓心為心；既無心而應，亦不應應。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c003"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "疏",
      "thesisSimp": "体道凝淡、虚怀绝虑，有感斯应，故以百姓心为心；既无心而应，亦不应应。"
     },
     "tangxuanzong": {
      "workType": "御注",
      "workTypeTrad": "御注",
      "thesis": "物感而應、應在於感，故無常心；心雖無常，唯在化善。",
      "thesisTrad": "物感而應、應在於感，故無常心；心雖無常，唯在化善。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c004",
       "c005"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "御注",
      "thesisSimp": "物感而应、应在于感，故无常心；心虽无常，唯在化善。"
     },
     "yanzun": {
      "workType": "輯文",
      "workTypeTrad": "輯文",
      "thesis": "無心之心為心之主；去我情欲、取人所安，與人大同。",
      "thesisTrad": "無心之心為心之主；去我情欲、取人所安，與人大同。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c006"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "辑文",
      "thesisSimp": "无心之心为心之主；去我情欲、取人所安，与人大同。"
     },
     "lirong": {
      "workType": "注",
      "workTypeTrad": "注",
      "thesis": "君上無心於有為、任百姓之自化，聖人無情分別、逐萬有而感通。",
      "thesisTrad": "君上無心於有為、任百姓之自化，聖人無情分別、逐萬有而感通。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c007"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "注",
      "thesisSimp": "君上无心于有为、任百姓之自化，圣人无情分别、逐万有而感通。"
     },
     "luxisheng": {
      "workType": "傳",
      "workTypeTrad": "傳",
      "thesis": "物感則應，應其所感故無常心；百姓欲安生遂性，聖人使人人得其所欲。",
      "thesisTrad": "物感則應，應其所感故無常心；百姓欲安生遂性，聖人使人人得其所欲。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c008"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "传",
      "thesisSimp": "物感则应，应其所感故无常心；百姓欲安生遂性，圣人使人人得其所欲。"
     },
     "lvhuiqing": {
      "workType": "傳",
      "workTypeTrad": "傳",
      "thesis": "人心操存捨亡、出入無時，聖人先得我心之盡，故以百姓心為心，猶鑒應形。",
      "thesisTrad": "人心操存捨亡、出入無時，聖人先得我心之盡，故以百姓心為心，猶鑒應形。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c009"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "传",
      "thesisSimp": "人心操存舍亡、出入无时，圣人先得我心之尽，故以百姓心为心，犹鉴应形。"
     },
     "suzhe": {
      "workType": "解",
      "workTypeTrad": "解",
      "thesis": "虛空無形、因萬物之形以為形，聖人無心、因百姓之心以為心。",
      "thesisTrad": "虛空無形、因萬物之形以為形，聖人無心、因百姓之心以為心。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c010"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "解",
      "thesisSimp": "虚空无形、因万物之形以为形，圣人无心、因百姓之心以为心。"
     },
     "wucheng": {
      "workType": "注",
      "workTypeTrad": "注",
      "thesis": "引政和註「虛而能受、靜而能應」、董思靖「無我而不滯於物」。",
      "thesisTrad": "引政和註「虛而能受、靜而能應」、董思靖「無我而不滯於物」。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c011"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "注",
      "thesisSimp": "引政和注「虚而能受、静而能应」、董思靖「无我而不滞于物」。"
     },
     "hanshan": {
      "workType": "解",
      "workTypeTrad": "解",
      "thesis": "聖人不言之教、無心成化，聖心至虛無我，但以百姓之心為心。",
      "thesisTrad": "聖人不言之教、無心成化，聖心至虛無我，但以百姓之心為心。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c012"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "解",
      "thesisSimp": "圣人不言之教、无心成化，圣心至虚无我，但以百姓之心为心。"
     },
     "weiyuan": {
      "workType": "本義",
      "workTypeTrad": "本義",
      "thesis": "校「以百姓之心為心」多「之」字，一本「聖人」下有「之」字。",
      "thesisTrad": "校「以百姓之心為心」多「之」字，一本「聖人」下有「之」字。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c013"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "本义",
      "thesisSimp": "校「以百姓之心为心」多「之」字，一本「圣人」下有「之」字。"
     },
     "wangfuzhi": {
      "workType": "衍",
      "workTypeTrad": "衍",
      "thesis": "唯執大常以無所常，故百姓可坐待其及。",
      "thesisTrad": "唯執大常以無所常，故百姓可坐待其及。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c014"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "衍",
      "thesisSimp": "唯执大常以无所常，故百姓可坐待其及。"
     }
    },
    "chain": [
     {
      "noteId": "c001",
      "relation": "立論",
      "relationTrad": "立論",
      "text": "河上公以重改更、貴因循立義，百姓心之所便因而從之。",
      "textTrad": "河上公以重改更、貴因循立義，百姓心之所便因而從之。",
      "relationSimp": "立论",
      "textSimp": "河上公以重改更、贵因循立义，百姓心之所便因而从之。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c002",
      "relation": "注",
      "relationTrad": "注",
      "text": "王弼以「動常因」三字點出無常心的根據。",
      "textTrad": "王弼以「動常因」三字點出無常心的根據。",
      "relationSimp": "注",
      "textSimp": "王弼以「动常因」三字点出无常心的根据。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c003",
      "relation": "疏",
      "relationTrad": "疏",
      "text": "成玄英以虛懷絕慮、有感斯應，解無心而應。",
      "textTrad": "成玄英以虛懷絕慮、有感斯應，解無心而應。",
      "relationSimp": "疏",
      "textSimp": "成玄英以虚怀绝虑、有感斯应，解无心而应。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c005",
      "relation": "御疏",
      "relationTrad": "御疏",
      "text": "唐玄宗以應必緣感、感既不一，說明無常心與慈救並行。",
      "textTrad": "唐玄宗以應必緣感、感既不一，說明無常心與慈救並行。",
      "relationSimp": "御疏",
      "textSimp": "唐玄宗以应必缘感、感既不一，说明无常心与慈救并行。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c006",
      "relation": "輯文",
      "relationTrad": "輯文",
      "text": "嚴遵輯文以無心之心為心之主，歸於與人大同。",
      "textTrad": "嚴遵輯文以無心之心為心之主，歸於與人大同。",
      "relationSimp": "辑文",
      "textSimp": "严遵辑文以无心之心为心之主，归于与人大同。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c007",
      "relation": "注",
      "relationTrad": "注",
      "text": "李榮以君上無心、百姓自化，說無為之感通。",
      "textTrad": "李榮以君上無心、百姓自化，說無為之感通。",
      "relationSimp": "注",
      "textSimp": "李荣以君上无心、百姓自化，说无为之感通。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c008",
      "relation": "傳",
      "relationTrad": "傳",
      "text": "陸希聲以百姓安生遂性為百姓心，落在治世。",
      "textTrad": "陸希聲以百姓安生遂性為百姓心，落在治世。",
      "relationSimp": "传",
      "textSimp": "陆希声以百姓安生遂性为百姓心，落在治世。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c009",
      "relation": "傳",
      "relationTrad": "傳",
      "text": "呂惠卿以鑒無常形、應形為喻，補出無常心的結構。",
      "textTrad": "呂惠卿以鑒無常形、應形為喻，補出無常心的結構。",
      "relationSimp": "传",
      "textSimp": "吕惠卿以鉴无常形、应形为喻，补出无常心的结构。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c010",
      "relation": "解",
      "relationTrad": "解",
      "text": "蘇轍以虛空因物形為喻，說明聖人無心。",
      "textTrad": "蘇轍以虛空因物形為喻，說明聖人無心。",
      "relationSimp": "解",
      "textSimp": "苏辙以虚空因物形为喻，说明圣人无心。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c011",
      "relation": "注",
      "relationTrad": "注",
      "text": "吳澄引政和註、董思靖，以虛受靜應、無我順應為說。",
      "textTrad": "吳澄引政和註、董思靖，以虛受靜應、無我順應為說。",
      "relationSimp": "注",
      "textSimp": "吴澄引政和注、董思靖，以虚受静应、无我顺应为说。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c012",
      "relation": "解",
      "relationTrad": "解",
      "text": "憨山以至誠待物、無一定心，解百姓心為心。",
      "textTrad": "憨山以至誠待物、無一定心，解百姓心為心。",
      "relationSimp": "解",
      "textSimp": "憨山以至诚待物、无一定心，解百姓心为心。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c013",
      "relation": "本義",
      "relationTrad": "本義",
      "text": "魏源錄「之」字異文，存文本之別。",
      "textTrad": "魏源錄「之」字異文，存文本之別。",
      "relationSimp": "本义",
      "textSimp": "魏源录「之」字异文，存文本之别。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c014",
      "relation": "衍",
      "relationTrad": "衍",
      "text": "王夫之以執大常以無所常，總衍全章。",
      "textTrad": "王夫之以執大常以無所常，總衍全章。",
      "relationSimp": "衍",
      "textSimp": "王夫之以执大常以无所常，总衍全章。"
     }
    ],
    "nameSimp": "圣人无常心，以百姓心为心",
    "questionSimp": "圣人为何「无常心」？「以百姓心为心」是顺从民意，还是感应化物？",
    "introSimp": "河上公以圣人重改更、贵因循，若自无心，百姓心之所便因而从之。王弼以动常因为无常心之解。成玄英以体道凝淡、虚怀绝虑，心与太空均其寂泊，故无心；有感斯应，应随物感，故以百姓心为心，既无心而应，亦不应应。唐玄宗御注以物感而应、应在于感，故无常心，心虽无常唯在化善；御疏以应必缘感、感既不一，故应无常心，义存慈救。严遵辑文以无心之心为心之主，去心则危者复宁、用心则安者复亡，上含道德之化、下包万人之心，视心如身，去我情欲、取人所安、与人大同。李荣以君上无心于有为、任百姓之自化，圣人无情分别、逐万有而感通。陆希声以体道无为、物感则应，应其所感故无常心；百姓常欲安生遂性，圣人使人人得其所欲，是以百姓心为心。吕惠卿以人心操存舍亡、出入无时、莫知其乡，圣人先得我心之尽，故无常心而以百姓心为心，犹鉴无常形而应形。苏辙以虚空无形、因万物之形以为形，圣人无心、因百姓之心以为心。吴澄引政和注「虚而能受、静而能应」、董思靖「无我而不滞于物」。憨山以圣人不言之教、无心成化，圣心至虚无我、以至诚待物，曾无一定之心，但以百姓之心为心。魏源校「之」字有无。王夫之以执大常以无所常，百姓可坐待其及。诸家或就因循立说，或就感应、虚忘、鉴形立说，大旨皆以无常心非无心，乃不固执一己而应物。"
   },
   {
    "id": "shan-bu-shan-jie-shan-de-shan",
    "name": "善者吾善之，不善者吾亦善之，德善",
    "nameTrad": "善者吾善之，不善者吾亦善之，德善",
    "question": "為何不善者也要善待？「德善」與「得善」有何區別？",
    "questionTrad": "為何不善者也要善待？「德善」與「得善」有何區別？",
    "intro": "河上公以百姓為善，聖人因而善之；百姓雖有不善，聖人化之使為善；百姓德化，聖人為善。王弼以各因其用，則善不失，德善無棄人。成玄英以善者為無欲修學之士，不善者為有為滯境之人，普以平等勝善教之，令其得善。唐玄宗御注以欲善者因而善之，不善者亦以善道教之，令感吾德善；御疏以善者回向正道，聖人獎之以進修。嚴遵輯文以善不善皆善，信為誠實，感德以變其情。李榮以無心分別，故善與不善皆善，是謂得善。陸希聲以本善者因以善輔，不善者亦因而善待，使感吾善化而為善。呂惠卿以善不善無常，以德善之；德者性之所自出，則無不善。蘇轍以善不善在彼，而吾之所以善之者未嘗渝，故可謂德善；不然善善而棄不善，豈常善救人無棄人哉。吳澄以聖人不分是非，皆以為善，不善者亦化而為善，人人得此善。憨山以聖人復乎性善而見人性皆善，不善者因我德所感亦化而為善。魏源校「德善」下「矣」字及「德」「得」異文。王夫之以善之來投若稚子學語。諸家或以德化言，或以平等教言，或以性善言，大旨皆不以不善棄人。",
    "introTrad": "河上公以百姓為善，聖人因而善之；百姓雖有不善，聖人化之使為善；百姓德化，聖人為善。王弼以各因其用，則善不失，德善無棄人。成玄英以善者為無欲修學之士，不善者為有為滯境之人，普以平等勝善教之，令其得善。唐玄宗御注以欲善者因而善之，不善者亦以善道教之，令感吾德善；御疏以善者回向正道，聖人獎之以進修。嚴遵輯文以善不善皆善，信為誠實，感德以變其情。李榮以無心分別，故善與不善皆善，是謂得善。陸希聲以本善者因以善輔，不善者亦因而善待，使感吾善化而為善。呂惠卿以善不善無常，以德善之；德者性之所自出，則無不善。蘇轍以善不善在彼，而吾之所以善之者未嘗渝，故可謂德善；不然善善而棄不善，豈常善救人無棄人哉。吳澄以聖人不分是非，皆以為善，不善者亦化而為善，人人得此善。憨山以聖人復乎性善而見人性皆善，不善者因我德所感亦化而為善。魏源校「德善」下「矣」字及「德」「得」異文。王夫之以善之來投若稚子學語。諸家或以德化言，或以平等教言，或以性善言，大旨皆不以不善棄人。",
    "positions": {
     "heshanggong": {
      "workType": "注",
      "workTypeTrad": "注",
      "thesis": "百姓為善，聖人因而善之；不善者化之使善；百姓德化，聖人為善。",
      "thesisTrad": "百姓為善，聖人因而善之；不善者化之使善；百姓德化，聖人為善。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c015"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "注",
      "thesisSimp": "百姓为善，圣人因而善之；不善者化之使善；百姓德化，圣人为善。"
     },
     "wangbi": {
      "workType": "注",
      "workTypeTrad": "注",
      "thesis": "各因其用，則善不失；德善，無棄人。",
      "thesisTrad": "各因其用，則善不失；德善，無棄人。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c016"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "注",
      "thesisSimp": "各因其用，则善不失；德善，无弃人。"
     },
     "chengxuanying": {
      "workType": "疏",
      "workTypeTrad": "疏",
      "thesis": "善者無欲修學，不善者有為滯境；普以平等勝善教之，令其得善。",
      "thesisTrad": "善者無欲修學，不善者有為滯境；普以平等勝善教之，令其得善。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c017"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "疏",
      "thesisSimp": "善者无欲修学，不善者有为滞境；普以平等胜善教之，令其得善。"
     },
     "tangxuanzong": {
      "workType": "御注",
      "workTypeTrad": "御注",
      "thesis": "欲善者因而善之，不善者亦以善道教之，令感吾德善。",
      "thesisTrad": "欲善者因而善之，不善者亦以善道教之，令感吾德善。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c018",
       "c019",
       "c020"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "御注",
      "thesisSimp": "欲善者因而善之，不善者亦以善道教之，令感吾德善。"
     },
     "yanzun": {
      "workType": "輯文",
      "workTypeTrad": "輯文",
      "thesis": "善不善皆善，信為誠實，感德以變其情。",
      "thesisTrad": "善不善皆善，信為誠實，感德以變其情。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c021"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "辑文",
      "thesisSimp": "善不善皆善，信为诚实，感德以变其情。"
     },
     "lirong": {
      "workType": "注",
      "workTypeTrad": "注",
      "thesis": "無心分別，故善與不善皆善，是謂得善。",
      "thesisTrad": "無心分別，故善與不善皆善，是謂得善。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c022"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "注",
      "thesisSimp": "无心分别，故善与不善皆善，是谓得善。"
     },
     "luxisheng": {
      "workType": "傳",
      "workTypeTrad": "傳",
      "thesis": "本善者因以善輔，不善者亦因而善待，使感吾善化而為善。",
      "thesisTrad": "本善者因以善輔，不善者亦因而善待，使感吾善化而為善。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c023"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "传",
      "thesisSimp": "本善者因以善辅，不善者亦因而善待，使感吾善化而为善。"
     },
     "lvhuiqing": {
      "workType": "傳",
      "workTypeTrad": "傳",
      "thesis": "善不善無常，以德善之；德者性之所自出，則無不善。",
      "thesisTrad": "善不善無常，以德善之；德者性之所自出，則無不善。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c024"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "传",
      "thesisSimp": "善不善无常，以德善之；德者性之所自出，则无不善。"
     },
     "suzhe": {
      "workType": "解",
      "workTypeTrad": "解",
      "thesis": "善不善在彼，吾之所以善之者未嘗渝，故可謂德善。",
      "thesisTrad": "善不善在彼，吾之所以善之者未嘗渝，故可謂德善。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c025"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "解",
      "thesisSimp": "善不善在彼，吾之所以善之者未尝渝，故可谓德善。"
     },
     "wucheng": {
      "workType": "注",
      "workTypeTrad": "注",
      "thesis": "聖人不分是非，皆以為善，不善者亦化而為善。",
      "thesisTrad": "聖人不分是非，皆以為善，不善者亦化而為善。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c026"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "注",
      "thesisSimp": "圣人不分是非，皆以为善，不善者亦化而为善。"
     },
     "hanshan": {
      "workType": "解",
      "workTypeTrad": "解",
      "thesis": "聖人復乎性善而見人性皆善，不善者因我德所感亦化而為善。",
      "thesisTrad": "聖人復乎性善而見人性皆善，不善者因我德所感亦化而為善。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c027"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "解",
      "thesisSimp": "圣人复乎性善而见人性皆善，不善者因我德所感亦化而为善。"
     },
     "weiyuan": {
      "workType": "本義",
      "workTypeTrad": "本義",
      "thesis": "校「德善」下「矣」字及「德」「得」異文。",
      "thesisTrad": "校「德善」下「矣」字及「德」「得」異文。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c028"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "本义",
      "thesisSimp": "校「德善」下「矣」字及「德」「得」异文。"
     },
     "wangfuzhi": {
      "workType": "衍",
      "workTypeTrad": "衍",
      "thesis": "善之來投若稚子學語，聖人不為目而天下孩。",
      "thesisTrad": "善之來投若稚子學語，聖人不為目而天下孩。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c014"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "衍",
      "thesisSimp": "善之来投若稚子学语，圣人不为目而天下孩。"
     }
    },
    "chain": [
     {
      "noteId": "c015",
      "relation": "立論",
      "relationTrad": "立論",
      "text": "河上公以化不善使善、百姓德化立義。",
      "textTrad": "河上公以化不善使善、百姓德化立義。",
      "relationSimp": "立论",
      "textSimp": "河上公以化不善使善、百姓德化立义。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c016",
      "relation": "注",
      "relationTrad": "注",
      "text": "王弼以各因其用、善不失、無棄人，點出德善。",
      "textTrad": "王弼以各因其用、善不失、無棄人，點出德善。",
      "relationSimp": "注",
      "textSimp": "王弼以各因其用、善不失、无弃人，点出德善。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c017",
      "relation": "疏",
      "relationTrad": "疏",
      "text": "成玄英以平等勝善教之，令善與不善皆得善。",
      "textTrad": "成玄英以平等勝善教之，令善與不善皆得善。",
      "relationSimp": "疏",
      "textSimp": "成玄英以平等胜善教之，令善与不善皆得善。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c019",
      "relation": "御注",
      "relationTrad": "御注",
      "text": "唐玄宗以善道汲引不善，令化聖德而為善。",
      "textTrad": "唐玄宗以善道汲引不善，令化聖德而為善。",
      "relationSimp": "御注",
      "textSimp": "唐玄宗以善道汲引不善，令化圣德而为善。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c020",
      "relation": "御疏",
      "relationTrad": "御疏",
      "text": "唐玄宗以善者回向正道，獎之以進修。",
      "textTrad": "唐玄宗以善者回向正道，獎之以進修。",
      "relationSimp": "御疏",
      "textSimp": "唐玄宗以善者回向正道，奖之以进修。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c021",
      "relation": "輯文",
      "relationTrad": "輯文",
      "text": "嚴遵輯文以善不善皆善，信為誠實，感德變情。",
      "textTrad": "嚴遵輯文以善不善皆善，信為誠實，感德變情。",
      "relationSimp": "辑文",
      "textSimp": "严遵辑文以善不善皆善，信为诚实，感德变情。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c022",
      "relation": "注",
      "relationTrad": "注",
      "text": "李榮以無心分別，善與不善皆善，故謂得善。",
      "textTrad": "李榮以無心分別，善與不善皆善，故謂得善。",
      "relationSimp": "注",
      "textSimp": "李荣以无心分别，善与不善皆善，故谓得善。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c023",
      "relation": "傳",
      "relationTrad": "傳",
      "text": "陸希聲以善待不善、感化為善，落在天下無不善。",
      "textTrad": "陸希聲以善待不善、感化為善，落在天下無不善。",
      "relationSimp": "传",
      "textSimp": "陆希声以善待不善、感化为善，落在天下无不善。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c024",
      "relation": "傳",
      "relationTrad": "傳",
      "text": "呂惠卿以德為性之所自出，說明無不善的根據。",
      "textTrad": "呂惠卿以德為性之所自出，說明無不善的根據。",
      "relationSimp": "传",
      "textSimp": "吕惠卿以德为性之所自出，说明无不善的根据。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c025",
      "relation": "解",
      "relationTrad": "解",
      "text": "蘇轍以吾之所以善之者未嘗渝，解德善；並引常善救人。",
      "textTrad": "蘇轍以吾之所以善之者未嘗渝，解德善；並引常善救人。",
      "relationSimp": "解",
      "textSimp": "苏辙以吾之所以善之者未尝渝，解德善；并引常善救人。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c026",
      "relation": "注",
      "relationTrad": "注",
      "text": "吳澄以不分是非、皆以為善，人人得此善。",
      "textTrad": "吳澄以不分是非、皆以為善，人人得此善。",
      "relationSimp": "注",
      "textSimp": "吴澄以不分是非、皆以为善，人人得此善。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c027",
      "relation": "解",
      "relationTrad": "解",
      "text": "憨山以性善、德感，說明不善者亦化而為善。",
      "textTrad": "憨山以性善、德感，說明不善者亦化而為善。",
      "relationSimp": "解",
      "textSimp": "憨山以性善、德感，说明不善者亦化而为善。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c028",
      "relation": "本義",
      "relationTrad": "本義",
      "text": "魏源錄「矣」字及「德」「得」異文。",
      "textTrad": "魏源錄「矣」字及「德」「得」異文。",
      "relationSimp": "本义",
      "textSimp": "魏源录「矣」字及「德」「得」异文。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c014",
      "relation": "衍",
      "relationTrad": "衍",
      "text": "王夫之以善之來投若稚子學語，總衍全章。",
      "textTrad": "王夫之以善之來投若稚子學語，總衍全章。",
      "relationSimp": "衍",
      "textSimp": "王夫之以善之来投若稚子学语，总衍全章。"
     }
    ],
    "nameSimp": "善者吾善之，不善者吾亦善之，德善",
    "questionSimp": "为何不善者也要善待？「德善」与「得善」有何区别？",
    "introSimp": "河上公以百姓为善，圣人因而善之；百姓虽有不善，圣人化之使为善；百姓德化，圣人为善。王弼以各因其用，则善不失，德善无弃人。成玄英以善者为无欲修学之士，不善者为有为滞境之人，普以平等胜善教之，令其得善。唐玄宗御注以欲善者因而善之，不善者亦以善道教之，令感吾德善；御疏以善者回向正道，圣人奖之以进修。严遵辑文以善不善皆善，信为诚实，感德以变其情。李荣以无心分别，故善与不善皆善，是谓得善。陆希声以本善者因以善辅，不善者亦因而善待，使感吾善化而为善。吕惠卿以善不善无常，以德善之；德者性之所自出，则无不善。苏辙以善不善在彼，而吾之所以善之者未尝渝，故可谓德善；不然善善而弃不善，岂常善救人无弃人哉。吴澄以圣人不分是非，皆以为善，不善者亦化而为善，人人得此善。憨山以圣人复乎性善而见人性皆善，不善者因我德所感亦化而为善。魏源校「德善」下「矣」字及「德」「得」异文。王夫之以善之来投若稚子学语。诸家或以德化言，或以平等教言，或以性善言，大旨皆不以不善弃人。"
   },
   {
    "id": "xin-bu-xin-jie-xin-de-xin",
    "name": "信者吾信之，不信者吾亦信之，德信",
    "nameTrad": "信者吾信之，不信者吾亦信之，德信",
    "question": "為何不信者也要信任？「德信」與「得信」有何區別？",
    "questionTrad": "為何不信者也要信任？「德信」與「得信」有何區別？",
    "intro": "河上公以百姓為信，聖人因而信之；百姓為不信，聖人化之使信；百姓德化，聖人為信。成玄英以信為聞經愛樂，不信為不樂道聞；聖人以空行慈悲、平等救度，不問信與不信，皆令得益，普發信心。唐玄宗御疏以信為聞道勤行、心無凝執，聖人應之以至誠；不信為強梁背教，聖人以平等正信化導，令舍疑歸信。嚴遵輯文以信為誠實，感德以變其情。李榮以信為順，聖人無可無不可，皆順，名為大順。陸希聲以好信者以此化之，天下無不信。呂惠卿以信不信無常，以德信之。蘇轍以信不信在彼，吾之所以信之者未嘗變，故可謂德信。吳澄以聖人不分是非，皆以為信，不信者亦化而為信。憨山以至誠待物而見人性皆誠，不信者因我德所感亦化而為信。魏源校「德信」下「矣」字及「德」「得」異文。王夫之以有聲而不留，善之來投若稚子學語。諸家或以平等救度言，或以誠感言，或以大順言，大旨皆不以不信棄人。",
    "introTrad": "河上公以百姓為信，聖人因而信之；百姓為不信，聖人化之使信；百姓德化，聖人為信。成玄英以信為聞經愛樂，不信為不樂道聞；聖人以空行慈悲、平等救度，不問信與不信，皆令得益，普發信心。唐玄宗御疏以信為聞道勤行、心無凝執，聖人應之以至誠；不信為強梁背教，聖人以平等正信化導，令舍疑歸信。嚴遵輯文以信為誠實，感德以變其情。李榮以信為順，聖人無可無不可，皆順，名為大順。陸希聲以好信者以此化之，天下無不信。呂惠卿以信不信無常，以德信之。蘇轍以信不信在彼，吾之所以信之者未嘗變，故可謂德信。吳澄以聖人不分是非，皆以為信，不信者亦化而為信。憨山以至誠待物而見人性皆誠，不信者因我德所感亦化而為信。魏源校「德信」下「矣」字及「德」「得」異文。王夫之以有聲而不留，善之來投若稚子學語。諸家或以平等救度言，或以誠感言，或以大順言，大旨皆不以不信棄人。",
    "positions": {
     "heshanggong": {
      "workType": "注",
      "workTypeTrad": "注",
      "thesis": "百姓為信，聖人因而信之；不信者化之使信；百姓德化，聖人為信。",
      "thesisTrad": "百姓為信，聖人因而信之；不信者化之使信；百姓德化，聖人為信。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c029"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "注",
      "thesisSimp": "百姓为信，圣人因而信之；不信者化之使信；百姓德化，圣人为信。"
     },
     "chengxuanying": {
      "workType": "疏",
      "workTypeTrad": "疏",
      "thesis": "信為聞經愛樂，不信為不樂道聞；平等救度，普發信心。",
      "thesisTrad": "信為聞經愛樂，不信為不樂道聞；平等救度，普發信心。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c030"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "疏",
      "thesisSimp": "信为闻经爱乐，不信为不乐道闻；平等救度，普发信心。"
     },
     "tangxuanzong": {
      "workType": "御疏",
      "workTypeTrad": "御疏",
      "thesis": "信為聞道勤行，應之以至誠；不信為強梁背教，以正信化導。",
      "thesisTrad": "信為聞道勤行，應之以至誠；不信為強梁背教，以正信化導。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c018",
       "c031",
       "c032"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "御疏",
      "thesisSimp": "信为闻道勤行，应之以至诚；不信为强梁背教，以正信化导。"
     },
     "yanzun": {
      "workType": "輯文",
      "workTypeTrad": "輯文",
      "thesis": "信為誠實，感德以變其情。",
      "thesisTrad": "信為誠實，感德以變其情。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c021"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "辑文",
      "thesisSimp": "信为诚实，感德以变其情。"
     },
     "lirong": {
      "workType": "注",
      "workTypeTrad": "注",
      "thesis": "信為順；無可無不可皆順，名為大順。",
      "thesisTrad": "信為順；無可無不可皆順，名為大順。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c033"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "注",
      "thesisSimp": "信为顺；无可无不可皆顺，名为大顺。"
     },
     "luxisheng": {
      "workType": "傳",
      "workTypeTrad": "傳",
      "thesis": "好信者以此化之，天下無不信。",
      "thesisTrad": "好信者以此化之，天下無不信。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c034"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "传",
      "thesisSimp": "好信者以此化之，天下无不信。"
     },
     "lvhuiqing": {
      "workType": "傳",
      "workTypeTrad": "傳",
      "thesis": "信不信無常，以德信之。",
      "thesisTrad": "信不信無常，以德信之。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c024"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "传",
      "thesisSimp": "信不信无常，以德信之。"
     },
     "suzhe": {
      "workType": "解",
      "workTypeTrad": "解",
      "thesis": "信不信在彼，吾之所以信之者未嘗變，故可謂德信。",
      "thesisTrad": "信不信在彼，吾之所以信之者未嘗變，故可謂德信。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c025"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "解",
      "thesisSimp": "信不信在彼，吾之所以信之者未尝变，故可谓德信。"
     },
     "wucheng": {
      "workType": "注",
      "workTypeTrad": "注",
      "thesis": "聖人不分是非，皆以為信，不信者亦化而為信。",
      "thesisTrad": "聖人不分是非，皆以為信，不信者亦化而為信。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c026"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "注",
      "thesisSimp": "圣人不分是非，皆以为信，不信者亦化而为信。"
     },
     "hanshan": {
      "workType": "解",
      "workTypeTrad": "解",
      "thesis": "至誠待物而見人性皆誠，不信者因德所感亦化而為信。",
      "thesisTrad": "至誠待物而見人性皆誠，不信者因德所感亦化而為信。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c035"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "解",
      "thesisSimp": "至诚待物而见人性皆诚，不信者因德所感亦化而为信。"
     },
     "weiyuan": {
      "workType": "本義",
      "workTypeTrad": "本義",
      "thesis": "校「德信」下「矣」字及「德」「得」異文。",
      "thesisTrad": "校「德信」下「矣」字及「德」「得」異文。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c028"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "本义",
      "thesisSimp": "校「德信」下「矣」字及「德」「得」异文。"
     },
     "wangfuzhi": {
      "workType": "衍",
      "workTypeTrad": "衍",
      "thesis": "有聲而不留，善之來投若稚子學語。",
      "thesisTrad": "有聲而不留，善之來投若稚子學語。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c014"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "衍",
      "thesisSimp": "有声而不留，善之来投若稚子学语。"
     }
    },
    "chain": [
     {
      "noteId": "c029",
      "relation": "立論",
      "relationTrad": "立論",
      "text": "河上公以化不信使信、百姓德化立義。",
      "textTrad": "河上公以化不信使信、百姓德化立義。",
      "relationSimp": "立论",
      "textSimp": "河上公以化不信使信、百姓德化立义。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c030",
      "relation": "疏",
      "relationTrad": "疏",
      "text": "成玄英以平等救度、普發信心，解信與不信皆教。",
      "textTrad": "成玄英以平等救度、普發信心，解信與不信皆教。",
      "relationSimp": "疏",
      "textSimp": "成玄英以平等救度、普发信心，解信与不信皆教。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c031",
      "relation": "御疏",
      "relationTrad": "御疏",
      "text": "唐玄宗以信為聞道勤行，聖人應之以至誠。",
      "textTrad": "唐玄宗以信為聞道勤行，聖人應之以至誠。",
      "relationSimp": "御疏",
      "textSimp": "唐玄宗以信为闻道勤行，圣人应之以至诚。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c032",
      "relation": "御疏",
      "relationTrad": "御疏",
      "text": "唐玄宗以不信為強梁背教，化導令舍疑歸信。",
      "textTrad": "唐玄宗以不信為強梁背教，化導令舍疑歸信。",
      "relationSimp": "御疏",
      "textSimp": "唐玄宗以不信为强梁背教，化导令舍疑归信。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c033",
      "relation": "注",
      "relationTrad": "注",
      "text": "李榮以信為順，無可無不可皆順，名為大順。",
      "textTrad": "李榮以信為順，無可無不可皆順，名為大順。",
      "relationSimp": "注",
      "textSimp": "李荣以信为顺，无可无不可皆顺，名为大顺。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c034",
      "relation": "傳",
      "relationTrad": "傳",
      "text": "陸希聲以好信者化之，天下無不信。",
      "textTrad": "陸希聲以好信者化之，天下無不信。",
      "relationSimp": "传",
      "textSimp": "陆希声以好信者化之，天下无不信。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c024",
      "relation": "傳",
      "relationTrad": "傳",
      "text": "呂惠卿以德為性之所自出，說明無不信的根據。",
      "textTrad": "呂惠卿以德為性之所自出，說明無不信的根據。",
      "relationSimp": "传",
      "textSimp": "吕惠卿以德为性之所自出，说明无不信的根据。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c025",
      "relation": "解",
      "relationTrad": "解",
      "text": "蘇轍以吾之所以信之者未嘗變，解德信。",
      "textTrad": "蘇轍以吾之所以信之者未嘗變，解德信。",
      "relationSimp": "解",
      "textSimp": "苏辙以吾之所以信之者未尝变，解德信。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c026",
      "relation": "注",
      "relationTrad": "注",
      "text": "吳澄以不分是非、皆以為信，人人得此信。",
      "textTrad": "吳澄以不分是非、皆以為信，人人得此信。",
      "relationSimp": "注",
      "textSimp": "吴澄以不分是非、皆以为信，人人得此信。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c035",
      "relation": "解",
      "relationTrad": "解",
      "text": "憨山以性誠、德感，說明不信者亦化而為信。",
      "textTrad": "憨山以性誠、德感，說明不信者亦化而為信。",
      "relationSimp": "解",
      "textSimp": "憨山以性诚、德感，说明不信者亦化而为信。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c028",
      "relation": "本義",
      "relationTrad": "本義",
      "text": "魏源錄「矣」字及「德」「得」異文。",
      "textTrad": "魏源錄「矣」字及「德」「得」異文。",
      "relationSimp": "本义",
      "textSimp": "魏源录「矣」字及「德」「得」异文。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c014",
      "relation": "衍",
      "relationTrad": "衍",
      "text": "王夫之以有聲而不留，總衍全章。",
      "textTrad": "王夫之以有聲而不留，總衍全章。",
      "relationSimp": "衍",
      "textSimp": "王夫之以有声而不留，总衍全章。"
     }
    ],
    "nameSimp": "信者吾信之，不信者吾亦信之，德信",
    "questionSimp": "为何不信者也要信任？「德信」与「得信」有何区别？",
    "introSimp": "河上公以百姓为信，圣人因而信之；百姓为不信，圣人化之使信；百姓德化，圣人为信。成玄英以信为闻经爱乐，不信为不乐道闻；圣人以空行慈悲、平等救度，不问信与不信，皆令得益，普发信心。唐玄宗御疏以信为闻道勤行、心无凝执，圣人应之以至诚；不信为强梁背教，圣人以平等正信化导，令舍疑归信。严遵辑文以信为诚实，感德以变其情。李荣以信为顺，圣人无可无不可，皆顺，名为大顺。陆希声以好信者以此化之，天下无不信。吕惠卿以信不信无常，以德信之。苏辙以信不信在彼，吾之所以信之者未尝变，故可谓德信。吴澄以圣人不分是非，皆以为信，不信者亦化而为信。憨山以至诚待物而见人性皆诚，不信者因我德所感亦化而为信。魏源校「德信」下「矣」字及「德」「得」异文。王夫之以有声而不留，善之来投若稚子学语。诸家或以平等救度言，或以诚感言，或以大顺言，大旨皆不以不信弃人。"
   },
   {
    "id": "sheng-ren-hun-xin-bai-xing-zhu-er-mu",
    "name": "聖人在天下，歙歙焉，為天下渾其心；百姓皆注其耳目，聖人皆孩之",
    "nameTrad": "聖人在天下，歙歙焉，為天下渾其心；百姓皆注其耳目，聖人皆孩之",
    "question": "「歙歙」「渾心」是何狀態？聖人為何把百姓看作嬰孩？",
    "questionTrad": "「歙歙」「渾心」是何狀態？聖人為何把百姓看作嬰孩？",
    "intro": "河上公以聖人在天下怵怵，常恐怖富貴、不敢驕奢；為天下百姓渾濁其心，若愚闇不通；注，用也，百姓皆用其耳目為聖人視聽；愛念百姓如嬰兒赤子，長養而不責望其報。王弼以歙歙為心無所主，渾心為意無所適莫；無所察、無所求則百姓莫不用其情；百姓各用聰明，聖人皆孩之，皆使和而無欲如嬰兒；並以明察、不信察物之害立論。成玄英以惵惵為勤懼之貌，聖人布大慈、拯救蒼生，恐其沒溺；混混沌沌、無分別；六根偏舉耳目，欲明此二為患最深；哀其無識如嬰兒可愍。唐玄宗御注以常惵惵用心而聖心凝寂，渾同用心皆為天下；百姓化聖德為善，傾注耳目以觀聽；聖人念蒼生如慈母，視百姓皆如嬰孩。御疏以惵惵為憂勤，聖人混迹用心；百姓被聖德歸善，傾注耳目取則；視之如慈母於赤子，又解化使從善如嬰孩無分別。嚴遵輯文以惵惵若恢恢，虛心以包萬方。李榮以惵惵不住、泛泛隨機，混分別、齊是非；百姓縱心逐欲，注耳目於聲色，聖人隨機闡教，如嬰孩赤子。陸希聲以惵惵應物未嘗少息，而其心渾然與天下為一；仲尼絕四，故無可無不可、無為無不為；百姓注耳目於聖人，若嬰兒仰慈母，聖人視之唯恐其傷。呂惠卿以惵惵不已，為百姓渾其心，使信善者不以自異、不善不信者不自棄；百姓注耳目唯聖人之為視聽，聖人遇之以慈、待之以厚。蘇轍以天下善惡信偽各自是以相非相賊，聖人惵惵為天下渾其心，皆以一待之；彼注耳目以觀予奪，吾一以嬰兒遇之，善者不矜、惡者不慍，天下始定。吳澄以歙歙為縮意，王弼以心無所主釋之；渾為混同，皆孩之謂不生分別；引蘇轍說。憨山以聖人處厚不處薄，汲汲為天下渾厚其心；百姓注目傾耳司是非，聖人示以不識不知、無是無非，一以淳厚之德遇之若嬰孩，故不言而信、無為而化。魏源校「歙歙」「怵怵」「惔惔」「惵惵」及「焉」「之」諸本異文，並引陳懿典說。王夫之以聖人不為目，而天下自此孩。諸家或就戒懼、無主、混同、慈愛立說，大旨皆以聖人不以明察臨下，而以渾厚慈愛待民。",
    "introTrad": "河上公以聖人在天下怵怵，常恐怖富貴、不敢驕奢；為天下百姓渾濁其心，若愚闇不通；注，用也，百姓皆用其耳目為聖人視聽；愛念百姓如嬰兒赤子，長養而不責望其報。王弼以歙歙為心無所主，渾心為意無所適莫；無所察、無所求則百姓莫不用其情；百姓各用聰明，聖人皆孩之，皆使和而無欲如嬰兒；並以明察、不信察物之害立論。成玄英以惵惵為勤懼之貌，聖人布大慈、拯救蒼生，恐其沒溺；混混沌沌、無分別；六根偏舉耳目，欲明此二為患最深；哀其無識如嬰兒可愍。唐玄宗御注以常惵惵用心而聖心凝寂，渾同用心皆為天下；百姓化聖德為善，傾注耳目以觀聽；聖人念蒼生如慈母，視百姓皆如嬰孩。御疏以惵惵為憂勤，聖人混迹用心；百姓被聖德歸善，傾注耳目取則；視之如慈母於赤子，又解化使從善如嬰孩無分別。嚴遵輯文以惵惵若恢恢，虛心以包萬方。李榮以惵惵不住、泛泛隨機，混分別、齊是非；百姓縱心逐欲，注耳目於聲色，聖人隨機闡教，如嬰孩赤子。陸希聲以惵惵應物未嘗少息，而其心渾然與天下為一；仲尼絕四，故無可無不可、無為無不為；百姓注耳目於聖人，若嬰兒仰慈母，聖人視之唯恐其傷。呂惠卿以惵惵不已，為百姓渾其心，使信善者不以自異、不善不信者不自棄；百姓注耳目唯聖人之為視聽，聖人遇之以慈、待之以厚。蘇轍以天下善惡信偽各自是以相非相賊，聖人惵惵為天下渾其心，皆以一待之；彼注耳目以觀予奪，吾一以嬰兒遇之，善者不矜、惡者不慍，天下始定。吳澄以歙歙為縮意，王弼以心無所主釋之；渾為混同，皆孩之謂不生分別；引蘇轍說。憨山以聖人處厚不處薄，汲汲為天下渾厚其心；百姓注目傾耳司是非，聖人示以不識不知、無是無非，一以淳厚之德遇之若嬰孩，故不言而信、無為而化。魏源校「歙歙」「怵怵」「惔惔」「惵惵」及「焉」「之」諸本異文，並引陳懿典說。王夫之以聖人不為目，而天下自此孩。諸家或就戒懼、無主、混同、慈愛立說，大旨皆以聖人不以明察臨下，而以渾厚慈愛待民。",
    "positions": {
     "heshanggong": {
      "workType": "注",
      "workTypeTrad": "注",
      "thesis": "聖人在天下怵怵，常恐怖富貴；渾其心若愚闇不通；百姓用其耳目為聖人視聽；愛念百姓如嬰兒赤子，不責望其報。",
      "thesisTrad": "聖人在天下怵怵，常恐怖富貴；渾其心若愚闇不通；百姓用其耳目為聖人視聽；愛念百姓如嬰兒赤子，不責望其報。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c036",
       "c049"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "注",
      "thesisSimp": "圣人在天下怵怵，常恐怖富贵；浑其心若愚暗不通；百姓用其耳目为圣人视听；爱念百姓如婴儿赤子，不责望其报。"
     },
     "wangbi": {
      "workType": "注",
      "workTypeTrad": "注",
      "thesis": "歙歙為心無所主，渾心為意無所適莫；無所察、無所求則百姓莫不用其情；皆孩之，使和而無欲如嬰兒。",
      "thesisTrad": "歙歙為心無所主，渾心為意無所適莫；無所察、無所求則百姓莫不用其情；皆孩之，使和而無欲如嬰兒。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c037",
       "c050"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "注",
      "thesisSimp": "歙歙为心无所主，浑心为意无所适莫；无所察、无所求则百姓莫不用其情；皆孩之，使和而无欲如婴儿。"
     },
     "chengxuanying": {
      "workType": "疏",
      "workTypeTrad": "疏",
      "thesis": "惵惵為勤懼之貌，混混沌沌無分別；六根偏舉耳目，哀其無識如嬰兒可愍。",
      "thesisTrad": "惵惵為勤懼之貌，混混沌沌無分別；六根偏舉耳目，哀其無識如嬰兒可愍。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c038",
       "c051",
       "c052"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "疏",
      "thesisSimp": "惵惵为勤惧之貌，混混沌沌无分别；六根偏举耳目，哀其无识如婴儿可愍。"
     },
     "tangxuanzong": {
      "workType": "御注",
      "workTypeTrad": "御注",
      "thesis": "常惵惵用心而聖心凝寂，渾同用心皆為天下；百姓傾注耳目以觀聽，聖人視百姓皆如嬰孩。",
      "thesisTrad": "常惵惵用心而聖心凝寂，渾同用心皆為天下；百姓傾注耳目以觀聽，聖人視百姓皆如嬰孩。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c039",
       "c040",
       "c053",
       "c054"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "御注",
      "thesisSimp": "常惵惵用心而圣心凝寂，浑同用心皆为天下；百姓倾注耳目以观听，圣人视百姓皆如婴孩。"
     },
     "yanzun": {
      "workType": "輯文",
      "workTypeTrad": "輯文",
      "thesis": "惵惵若恢恢，虛心以包萬方。",
      "thesisTrad": "惵惵若恢恢，虛心以包萬方。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c041"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "辑文",
      "thesisSimp": "惵惵若恢恢，虚心以包万方。"
     },
     "lirong": {
      "workType": "注",
      "workTypeTrad": "注",
      "thesis": "惵惵不住、泛泛隨機，混分別、齊是非；百姓注耳目於聲色，聖人隨機闡教如嬰孩赤子。",
      "thesisTrad": "惵惵不住、泛泛隨機，混分別、齊是非；百姓注耳目於聲色，聖人隨機闡教如嬰孩赤子。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c042",
       "c055"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "注",
      "thesisSimp": "惵惵不住、泛泛随机，混分别、齐是非；百姓注耳目于声色，圣人随机阐教如婴孩赤子。"
     },
     "luxisheng": {
      "workType": "傳",
      "workTypeTrad": "傳",
      "thesis": "惵惵應物未嘗少息，而其心渾然與天下為一；百姓注耳目於聖人若嬰兒仰慈母。",
      "thesisTrad": "惵惵應物未嘗少息，而其心渾然與天下為一；百姓注耳目於聖人若嬰兒仰慈母。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c043",
       "c056"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "传",
      "thesisSimp": "惵惵应物未尝少息，而其心浑然与天下为一；百姓注耳目于圣人若婴儿仰慈母。"
     },
     "lvhuiqing": {
      "workType": "傳",
      "workTypeTrad": "傳",
      "thesis": "惵惵不已，為百姓渾其心，使信善者不自異、不善不信者不自棄；聖人遇之以慈、待之以厚。",
      "thesisTrad": "惵惵不已，為百姓渾其心，使信善者不自異、不善不信者不自棄；聖人遇之以慈、待之以厚。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c044",
       "c057"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "传",
      "thesisSimp": "惵惵不已，为百姓浑其心，使信善者不自异、不善不信者不自弃；圣人遇之以慈、待之以厚。"
     },
     "suzhe": {
      "workType": "解",
      "workTypeTrad": "解",
      "thesis": "天下善惡信偽相非相賊，聖人惵惵渾心，皆以一待之；以嬰兒遇之，善者不矜、惡者不慍。",
      "thesisTrad": "天下善惡信偽相非相賊，聖人惵惵渾心，皆以一待之；以嬰兒遇之，善者不矜、惡者不慍。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c045"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "解",
      "thesisSimp": "天下善恶信伪相非相贼，圣人惵惵浑心，皆以一待之；以婴儿遇之，善者不矜、恶者不愠。"
     },
     "wucheng": {
      "workType": "注",
      "workTypeTrad": "注",
      "thesis": "歙歙為縮意，王弼以心無所主釋之；渾為混同，皆孩之謂不生分別。",
      "thesisTrad": "歙歙為縮意，王弼以心無所主釋之；渾為混同，皆孩之謂不生分別。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c046"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "注",
      "thesisSimp": "歙歙为缩意，王弼以心无所主释之；浑为混同，皆孩之谓不生分别。"
     },
     "hanshan": {
      "workType": "解",
      "workTypeTrad": "解",
      "thesis": "聖人處厚不處薄，汲汲為天下渾厚其心；示以不識不知、無是無非，一以淳厚之德遇之若嬰孩。",
      "thesisTrad": "聖人處厚不處薄，汲汲為天下渾厚其心；示以不識不知、無是無非，一以淳厚之德遇之若嬰孩。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c047"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "解",
      "thesisSimp": "圣人处厚不处薄，汲汲为天下浑厚其心；示以不识不知、无是无非，一以淳厚之德遇之若婴孩。"
     },
     "weiyuan": {
      "workType": "本義",
      "workTypeTrad": "本義",
      "thesis": "校「歙歙」「怵怵」「惔惔」「惵惵」及「焉」「之」諸本異文，並引陳懿典說。",
      "thesisTrad": "校「歙歙」「怵怵」「惔惔」「惵惵」及「焉」「之」諸本異文，並引陳懿典說。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c048",
       "c058"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "本义",
      "thesisSimp": "校「歙歙」「怵怵」「惔惔」「惵惵」及「焉」「之」诸本异文，并引陈懿典说。"
     },
     "wangfuzhi": {
      "workType": "衍",
      "workTypeTrad": "衍",
      "thesis": "聖人不為目，而天下自此孩。",
      "thesisTrad": "聖人不為目，而天下自此孩。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c014"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "衍",
      "thesisSimp": "圣人不为目，而天下自此孩。"
     }
    },
    "chain": [
     {
      "noteId": "c036",
      "relation": "立論",
      "relationTrad": "立論",
      "text": "河上公以怵怵戒懼、渾心若愚立義。",
      "textTrad": "河上公以怵怵戒懼、渾心若愚立義。",
      "relationSimp": "立论",
      "textSimp": "河上公以怵怵戒惧、浑心若愚立义。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c037",
      "relation": "注",
      "relationTrad": "注",
      "text": "王弼以心無所主、意無所適莫，解歙歙與渾心。",
      "textTrad": "王弼以心無所主、意無所適莫，解歙歙與渾心。",
      "relationSimp": "注",
      "textSimp": "王弼以心无所主、意无所适莫，解歙歙与浑心。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c038",
      "relation": "疏",
      "relationTrad": "疏",
      "text": "成玄英以勤懼、混混沌沌無分別，解聖人赴感。",
      "textTrad": "成玄英以勤懼、混混沌沌無分別，解聖人赴感。",
      "relationSimp": "疏",
      "textSimp": "成玄英以勤惧、混混沌沌无分别，解圣人赴感。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c039",
      "relation": "御注",
      "relationTrad": "御注",
      "text": "唐玄宗以常惵惵用心而聖心凝寂，渾同用心皆為天下。",
      "textTrad": "唐玄宗以常惵惵用心而聖心凝寂，渾同用心皆為天下。",
      "relationSimp": "御注",
      "textSimp": "唐玄宗以常惵惵用心而圣心凝寂，浑同用心皆为天下。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c040",
      "relation": "御疏",
      "relationTrad": "御疏",
      "text": "唐玄宗以憂勤、混迹用心，解聖人為百姓用其心。",
      "textTrad": "唐玄宗以憂勤、混迹用心，解聖人為百姓用其心。",
      "relationSimp": "御疏",
      "textSimp": "唐玄宗以忧勤、混迹用心，解圣人为百姓用其心。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c041",
      "relation": "輯文",
      "relationTrad": "輯文",
      "text": "嚴遵輯文以惵惵若恢恢，虛心以包萬方。",
      "textTrad": "嚴遵輯文以惵惵若恢恢，虛心以包萬方。",
      "relationSimp": "辑文",
      "textSimp": "严遵辑文以惵惵若恢恢，虚心以包万方。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c042",
      "relation": "注",
      "relationTrad": "注",
      "text": "李榮以惵惵不住、泛泛隨機，混分別、齊是非。",
      "textTrad": "李榮以惵惵不住、泛泛隨機，混分別、齊是非。",
      "relationSimp": "注",
      "textSimp": "李荣以惵惵不住、泛泛随机，混分别、齐是非。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c043",
      "relation": "傳",
      "relationTrad": "傳",
      "text": "陸希聲以應物不息而心與天下為一，引仲尼絕四為證。",
      "textTrad": "陸希聲以應物不息而心與天下為一，引仲尼絕四為證。",
      "relationSimp": "传",
      "textSimp": "陆希声以应物不息而心与天下为一，引仲尼绝四为证。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c044",
      "relation": "傳",
      "relationTrad": "傳",
      "text": "呂惠卿以渾心使信善者不自異、不善者不自棄。",
      "textTrad": "呂惠卿以渾心使信善者不自異、不善者不自棄。",
      "relationSimp": "传",
      "textSimp": "吕惠卿以浑心使信善者不自异、不善者不自弃。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c045",
      "relation": "解",
      "relationTrad": "解",
      "text": "蘇轍以善惡信偽相非，聖人皆以一待之，天下始定。",
      "textTrad": "蘇轍以善惡信偽相非，聖人皆以一待之，天下始定。",
      "relationSimp": "解",
      "textSimp": "苏辙以善恶信伪相非，圣人皆以一待之，天下始定。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c046",
      "relation": "注",
      "relationTrad": "注",
      "text": "吳澄以縮意、無主、混同、不生分別，折衷諸本。",
      "textTrad": "吳澄以縮意、無主、混同、不生分別，折衷諸本。",
      "relationSimp": "注",
      "textSimp": "吴澄以缩意、无主、混同、不生分别，折衷诸本。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c047",
      "relation": "解",
      "relationTrad": "解",
      "text": "憨山以處厚、不識不知、無是無非，解渾心與孩之。",
      "textTrad": "憨山以處厚、不識不知、無是無非，解渾心與孩之。",
      "relationSimp": "解",
      "textSimp": "憨山以处厚、不识不知、无是无非，解浑心与孩之。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c049",
      "relation": "注",
      "relationTrad": "注",
      "text": "河上公以注為用，百姓用耳目為聖人視聽；愛念如赤子。",
      "textTrad": "河上公以注為用，百姓用耳目為聖人視聽；愛念如赤子。",
      "relationSimp": "注",
      "textSimp": "河上公以注为用，百姓用耳目为圣人视听；爱念如赤子。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c050",
      "relation": "注",
      "relationTrad": "注",
      "text": "王弼以各用聰明、皆使和而無欲如嬰兒，並戒明察之害。",
      "textTrad": "王弼以各用聰明、皆使和而無欲如嬰兒，並戒明察之害。",
      "relationSimp": "注",
      "textSimp": "王弼以各用聪明、皆使和而无欲如婴儿，并戒明察之害。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c052",
      "relation": "疏",
      "relationTrad": "疏",
      "text": "成玄英以哀其無識如嬰兒可愍，解孩之。",
      "textTrad": "成玄英以哀其無識如嬰兒可愍，解孩之。",
      "relationSimp": "疏",
      "textSimp": "成玄英以哀其无识如婴儿可愍，解孩之。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c054",
      "relation": "御疏",
      "relationTrad": "御疏",
      "text": "唐玄宗以慈母於赤子、化使從善如嬰孩無分別，兩解孩之。",
      "textTrad": "唐玄宗以慈母於赤子、化使從善如嬰孩無分別，兩解孩之。",
      "relationSimp": "御疏",
      "textSimp": "唐玄宗以慈母于赤子、化使从善如婴孩无分别，两解孩之。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c056",
      "relation": "傳",
      "relationTrad": "傳",
      "text": "陸希聲以嬰兒仰慈母、唯恐其傷，解百姓注耳目。",
      "textTrad": "陸希聲以嬰兒仰慈母、唯恐其傷，解百姓注耳目。",
      "relationSimp": "传",
      "textSimp": "陆希声以婴儿仰慈母、唯恐其伤，解百姓注耳目。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c058",
      "relation": "本義",
      "relationTrad": "本義",
      "text": "魏源錄「咳」字異文，並引陳懿典「不自安」「不分善不善」說。",
      "textTrad": "魏源錄「咳」字異文，並引陳懿典「不自安」「不分善不善」說。",
      "relationSimp": "本义",
      "textSimp": "魏源录「咳」字异文，并引陈懿典「不自安」「不分善不善」说。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c014",
      "relation": "衍",
      "relationTrad": "衍",
      "text": "王夫之以聖人不為目，天下自此孩，總衍全章。",
      "textTrad": "王夫之以聖人不為目，天下自此孩，總衍全章。",
      "relationSimp": "衍",
      "textSimp": "王夫之以圣人不为目，天下自此孩，总衍全章。"
     }
    ],
    "nameSimp": "圣人在天下，歙歙焉，为天下浑其心；百姓皆注其耳目，圣人皆孩之",
    "questionSimp": "「歙歙」「浑心」是何状态？圣人为何把百姓看作婴孩？",
    "introSimp": "河上公以圣人在天下怵怵，常恐怖富贵、不敢骄奢；为天下百姓浑浊其心，若愚暗不通；注，用也，百姓皆用其耳目为圣人视听；爱念百姓如婴儿赤子，长养而不责望其报。王弼以歙歙为心无所主，浑心为意无所适莫；无所察、无所求则百姓莫不用其情；百姓各用聪明，圣人皆孩之，皆使和而无欲如婴儿；并以明察、不信察物之害立论。成玄英以惵惵为勤惧之貌，圣人布大慈、拯救苍生，恐其没溺；混混沌沌、无分别；六根偏举耳目，欲明此二为患最深；哀其无识如婴儿可愍。唐玄宗御注以常惵惵用心而圣心凝寂，浑同用心皆为天下；百姓化圣德为善，倾注耳目以观听；圣人念苍生如慈母，视百姓皆如婴孩。御疏以惵惵为忧勤，圣人混迹用心；百姓被圣德归善，倾注耳目取则；视之如慈母于赤子，又解化使从善如婴孩无分别。严遵辑文以惵惵若恢恢，虚心以包万方。李荣以惵惵不住、泛泛随机，混分别、齐是非；百姓纵心逐欲，注耳目于声色，圣人随机阐教，如婴孩赤子。陆希声以惵惵应物未尝少息，而其心浑然与天下为一；仲尼绝四，故无可无不可、无为无不为；百姓注耳目于圣人，若婴儿仰慈母，圣人视之唯恐其伤。吕惠卿以惵惵不已，为百姓浑其心，使信善者不以自异、不善不信者不自弃；百姓注耳目唯圣人之为视听，圣人遇之以慈、待之以厚。苏辙以天下善恶信伪各自是以相非相贼，圣人惵惵为天下浑其心，皆以一待之；彼注耳目以观予夺，吾一以婴儿遇之，善者不矜、恶者不愠，天下始定。吴澄以歙歙为缩意，王弼以心无所主释之；浑为混同，皆孩之谓不生分别；引苏辙说。憨山以圣人处厚不处薄，汲汲为天下浑厚其心；百姓注目倾耳司是非，圣人示以不识不知、无是无非，一以淳厚之德遇之若婴孩，故不言而信、无为而化。魏源校「歙歙」「怵怵」「惔惔」「惵惵」及「焉」「之」诸本异文，并引陈懿典说。王夫之以圣人不为目，而天下自此孩。诸家或就戒惧、无主、混同、慈爱立说，大旨皆以圣人不以明察临下，而以浑厚慈爱待民。"
   }
  ],
  "requiredSources": [
   "heshanggong",
   "tangxuanzong"
  ]
 },
 "schema": "librebook.chapter/1",
 "generatedAt": "2026-10-30T11:41:46.912Z",
 "keyPrefix": "laozi-49",
 "idRules": {
  "chapter": "章节目录名（slug），如 01；URL 为 /laozi/01/。",
  "sentence": "章内局部编号 sNNN，全篇引用使用 laozi-01:sNNN；页面锚点继续使用 #sNNN。",
  "commentary": "章内注号 cNNN，字词注 nNNN，校记 kNNN；编号在章内稳定，跨章引用时加章节前缀。",
  "paragraph": "章内段落号 pNNN，与 sentence.paragraph 对应。"
 },
 "book": {
  "id": "laozi",
  "slug": "laozi",
  "title": "老子",
  "titleSimp": "老子",
  "author": "老聃",
  "authorSimp": "老聃",
  "era": "春秋",
  "eraSimp": "春秋",
  "editor": "河上公、王弼等",
  "editorSimp": "河上公、王弼等",
  "edition": "王弼《老子注》",
  "editionSimp": "王弼《老子注》",
  "baseLabel": "王弼《老子注》",
  "baseLabelSimp": "王弼《老子注》",
  "separationLabel": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英義疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、嚴遵指歸、李榮注、陸希聲傳、呂惠卿傳、蘇轍老子解、吳澄道德真經注、憨山道德經解、魏源老子本義、俞樾平議、王夫之老子衍十四家",
  "separationLabelSimp": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英义疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、严遵指归、李荣注、陆希声传、吕惠卿传、苏辙老子解、吴澄道德真经注、憨山道德经解、魏源老子本义、俞樾平议、王夫之老子衍十四家",
  "intro": "《老子》八十一章，分道經、德經。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》為底本，逐章整理正文、舊注、今譯與校記；第一至八十一章已上線，全帙完竣。",
  "introSimp": "《老子》八十一章，分道经、德经。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》为底本，逐章整理正文、旧注、今译与校记；第一至八十一章已上线，全帙完竣。"
 },
 "volume": {
  "id": "dejing",
  "order": 2,
  "title": "德經",
  "titleSimp": "德经"
 },
 "chapter": {
  "id": "laozi-49",
  "slug": "49",
  "order": 49,
  "title": "第四十九章",
  "titleSimp": "第四十九章",
  "status": "published",
  "revision": "初校",
  "review": "待复核",
  "updated": "2026-10-30",
  "summary": "全章五句：首句言聖人無常心、以百姓心為心；第二、三句以善不善皆善、信不信皆信明「德善」「德信」；第四句言聖人在天下歙歙、為天下渾其心；末句言百姓皆注其耳目、聖人皆孩之。河上公以聖人重改更、貴因循，若自無心，百姓心之所便因而從之；善者因而善之，不善者化之使善；信者因而信之，不信者化之使信；在天下怵怵，常恐怖富貴、不敢驕奢；渾其心若愚闇不通；注為用，百姓皆用其耳目為聖人視聽；愛念百姓如嬰兒赤子，長養而不責望其報。王弼以動常因為無常心之解；各因其用則善不失、德善無棄人；聖人在天下歙歙，心無所主，為天下渾心，意無所適莫；無所察、無所求則百姓莫不用其情；百姓各用聰明，聖人皆孩之，皆使和而無欲如嬰兒。成玄英以體道凝淡、虛懷絕慮，心與太空均其寂泊故無心；有感斯應，應隨物感，故以百姓心為心；善者無欲修學之士，不善者有為滯境之人，普以平等勝善教之令得善；信者聞經愛樂，不信者不樂道聞，普發信心；惵惵勤懼，混混沌沌無分別；六根偏舉耳目，欲明此二為患最深；哀其無識如嬰兒可愍。唐玄宗御注以物感而應、應在於感故無常心，心雖無常唯在化善；欲善信者因而善信之，不信者亦以善信教之；聖人在理天下常惵惵用心而聖心凝寂，渾同用心皆為天下；百姓化聖德為善，傾注耳目以觀聽；聖人念蒼生如慈母，視百姓皆如嬰孩。御疏以應必緣感、感既不一故應無常心，義存慈救；善者回向正道，獎之以進修；信謂聞道勤行，應之以至誠；不信謂強梁背教，以平等正信化導；惵惵憂勤，聖人混迹用心；百姓被聖德歸善，傾注耳目取則；視之如慈母於赤子。嚴遵《玄德纂疏》卷十三存輯文三條，以無心之心為心之主、去心則危者復寧，以善不善皆善、信不信皆信，以惵惵若恢恢、虛心以包萬方。李榮以君上無心於有為、任百姓之自化；聖人無情分別，逐萬有而感通；無心分別則善不善皆善，是謂得善；無可無不可皆順，是謂大順；惵惵不住，泛泛隨機，混分別、齊是非；百姓縱心逐欲，注耳目於聲色，聖人隨機闡教，說己化他，如嬰孩赤子。陸希聲以體道無為、物感則應，應其所感故無常心；百姓之心常欲安生遂性，聖人常使人人得其所欲，是以百姓心為心；好善者因以善輔，不善者亦因而善待，使感吾善化而為善；好信者以此化之，天下無不信；惵惵然應物未嘗少息，而其心渾然與天下為一；仲尼絕四，故無可無不可、無為無不為；百姓注耳目於聖人，若嬰兒仰慈母，聖人視之唯恐其傷。呂惠卿以人心操存捨亡、出入無時、莫知其鄉；聖人先得我心之盡，故無常心而以百姓心為心，猶鑒無常形而應形；善不善、信不信無常，以德善之、德信之；德者性之所自出，則無不善不信；惵惵不已，為百姓渾其心，使信善者不以自異、不善不信者不自棄；百姓注耳目唯聖人之為視聽，聖人遇之以慈、待之以厚。蘇轍以虛空無形、因萬物之形以為形，聖人無心、因百姓之心以為心；善不善在彼而吾之所以善之者未嘗渝，信不信在彼而吾之所以信之者未嘗變，故德善、德信；不然善善而棄不善、信信而棄不信，豈常善救人無棄人哉；天下善惡信偽各自是以相非相賊，聖人惵惵為天下渾其心，皆以一待之；彼注耳目以觀予奪，吾一以嬰兒遇之，善者不矜、惡者不慍，釋然皆化而天下定。吳澄以此章為其第四十一章，以聖人無常心、以百姓之心為心，引政和註「虛而能受、靜而能應」、董思靖「無我而不滯於物」；民之善不善、信不信，聖人不分是非皆以為善信，不善不信亦化而為善信，人人得此善信；歙歙縮意，王弼以心無所主釋之；渾為混同，皆孩之謂不生分別；引蘇轍說。憨山以聖人不言之教、無心成化，故無不可教之人；常者一定不移，聖心至虛無我、以至誠待物，曾無一定之心，但以百姓之心為心；聖人復乎性善而見人性皆善，善者固善之，不善者亦以善遇之，彼因我德所感亦化而為善，故曰德善；至誠待物而見人性皆誠，故曰德信；天下人心不古，聖人處厚不處薄，汲汲為天下渾厚其心；百姓注目傾耳司是非，聖人示以不識不知、無是無非，一以淳厚之德遇之若嬰孩，故不言而信、無為而化。魏源以此章為其第四十二章，校王弼德善德信下無「矣」字、一本德作得，聖人下一本有「之」字，「惵惵」王弼作「歙歙」、河上作「怵怵」、釋文作「惔惔」、一本「惵惵」下有「焉」字，「渾其心」傅奕作「渾渾焉」，「孩」釋文作「咳」；章末引呂惠卿、蘇轍、陳懿典諸說。王夫之以即有聖人豈能使天下皆孩；一生二而有陰陽，有陰陽而有性情，有性情而有是非；性情凝滯而執之以為常，常於此者不常於彼；唯執大常以無所常，故百姓可坐待其及；有漬而不受、有聲而不留，則善之來投若稚子學語；天下有目而注者多矣，與之為目則亦注也；聖人不為目，而天下自此孩矣。河上公五注、王弼四注、成玄英六注、唐玄宗御注御疏十一注、嚴遵三注、李榮五注、陸希聲五注、呂惠卿四注、蘇轍三注、吳澄三注、憨山四注、魏源四注、王夫之一注；俞樾《諸子平議》此章未列，故十三家。河上公題「任德第四十九」，《玄德纂疏》卷十三、呂惠卿、蘇轍題「聖人無常心章第四十九」，王弼本無章題；吳澄以此章為其第四十一章，正文作「以百姓之心為心」「得善矣」「得信矣」「聖人之在天下」；魏源以此章為其第四十二章，正文作「惵惵」；憨山正文作「聖人之在天下，惵惵為天下渾其心」。諸本異文：吳澄「以百姓之心為心」多一「之」字；陸希聲、蘇轍、憨山、魏源「德善」「德信」下有「矣」字，成玄英、李榮、吳澄作「得善」「得信」；河上公作「怵怵」，魏源、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、憨山作「惵惵」，《釋文》作「惔惔」；傅奕「渾其心」作「渾渾焉」；《釋文》「孩」作「咳」。正文從王弼通行本，異文見校記。",
  "summarySimp": "全章五句：首句言圣人无常心、以百姓心为心；第二、三句以善不善皆善、信不信皆信明「德善」「德信」；第四句言圣人在天下歙歙、为天下浑其心；末句言百姓皆注其耳目、圣人皆孩之。河上公以圣人重改更、贵因循，若自无心，百姓心之所便因而从之；善者因而善之，不善者化之使善；信者因而信之，不信者化之使信；在天下怵怵，常恐怖富贵、不敢骄奢；浑其心若愚暗不通；注为用，百姓皆用其耳目为圣人视听；爱念百姓如婴儿赤子，长养而不责望其报。王弼以动常因为无常心之解；各因其用则善不失、德善无弃人；圣人在天下歙歙，心无所主，为天下浑心，意无所适莫；无所察、无所求则百姓莫不用其情；百姓各用聪明，圣人皆孩之，皆使和而无欲如婴儿。成玄英以体道凝淡、虚怀绝虑，心与太空均其寂泊故无心；有感斯应，应随物感，故以百姓心为心；善者无欲修学之士，不善者有为滞境之人，普以平等胜善教之令得善；信者闻经爱乐，不信者不乐道闻，普发信心；惵惵勤惧，混混沌沌无分别；六根偏举耳目，欲明此二为患最深；哀其无识如婴儿可愍。唐玄宗御注以物感而应、应在于感故无常心，心虽无常唯在化善；欲善信者因而善信之，不信者亦以善信教之；圣人在理天下常惵惵用心而圣心凝寂，浑同用心皆为天下；百姓化圣德为善，倾注耳目以观听；圣人念苍生如慈母，视百姓皆如婴孩。御疏以应必缘感、感既不一故应无常心，义存慈救；善者回向正道，奖之以进修；信谓闻道勤行，应之以至诚；不信谓强梁背教，以平等正信化导；惵惵忧勤，圣人混迹用心；百姓被圣德归善，倾注耳目取则；视之如慈母于赤子。严遵《玄德纂疏》卷十三存辑文三条，以无心之心为心之主、去心则危者复宁，以善不善皆善、信不信皆信，以惵惵若恢恢、虚心以包万方。李荣以君上无心于有为、任百姓之自化；圣人无情分别，逐万有而感通；无心分别则善不善皆善，是谓得善；无可无不可皆顺，是谓大顺；惵惵不住，泛泛随机，混分别、齐是非；百姓纵心逐欲，注耳目于声色，圣人随机阐教，说己化他，如婴孩赤子。陆希声以体道无为、物感则应，应其所感故无常心；百姓之心常欲安生遂性，圣人常使人人得其所欲，是以百姓心为心；好善者因以善辅，不善者亦因而善待，使感吾善化而为善；好信者以此化之，天下无不信；惵惵然应物未尝少息，而其心浑然与天下为一；仲尼绝四，故无可无不可、无为无不为；百姓注耳目于圣人，若婴儿仰慈母，圣人视之唯恐其伤。吕惠卿以人心操存舍亡、出入无时、莫知其乡；圣人先得我心之尽，故无常心而以百姓心为心，犹鉴无常形而应形；善不善、信不信无常，以德善之、德信之；德者性之所自出，则无不善不信；惵惵不已，为百姓浑其心，使信善者不以自异、不善不信者不自弃；百姓注耳目唯圣人之为视听，圣人遇之以慈、待之以厚。苏辙以虚空无形、因万物之形以为形，圣人无心、因百姓之心以为心；善不善在彼而吾之所以善之者未尝渝，信不信在彼而吾之所以信之者未尝变，故德善、德信；不然善善而弃不善、信信而弃不信，岂常善救人无弃人哉；天下善恶信伪各自是以相非相贼，圣人惵惵为天下浑其心，皆以一待之；彼注耳目以观予夺，吾一以婴儿遇之，善者不矜、恶者不愠，释然皆化而天下定。吴澄以此章为其第四十一章，以圣人无常心、以百姓之心为心，引政和注「虚而能受、静而能应」、董思靖「无我而不滞于物」；民之善不善、信不信，圣人不分是非皆以为善信，不善不信亦化而为善信，人人得此善信；歙歙缩意，王弼以心无所主释之；浑为混同，皆孩之谓不生分别；引苏辙说。憨山以圣人不言之教、无心成化，故无不可教之人；常者一定不移，圣心至虚无我、以至诚待物，曾无一定之心，但以百姓之心为心；圣人复乎性善而见人性皆善，善者固善之，不善者亦以善遇之，彼因我德所感亦化而为善，故曰德善；至诚待物而见人性皆诚，故曰德信；天下人心不古，圣人处厚不处薄，汲汲为天下浑厚其心；百姓注目倾耳司是非，圣人示以不识不知、无是无非，一以淳厚之德遇之若婴孩，故不言而信、无为而化。魏源以此章为其第四十二章，校王弼德善德信下无「矣」字、一本德作得，圣人下一本有「之」字，「惵惵」王弼作「歙歙」、河上作「怵怵」、释文作「惔惔」、一本「惵惵」下有「焉」字，「浑其心」傅奕作「浑浑焉」，「孩」释文作「咳」；章末引吕惠卿、苏辙、陈懿典诸说。王夫之以即有圣人岂能使天下皆孩；一生二而有阴阳，有阴阳而有性情，有性情而有是非；性情凝滞而执之以为常，常于此者不常于彼；唯执大常以无所常，故百姓可坐待其及；有渍而不受、有声而不留，则善之来投若稚子学语；天下有目而注者多矣，与之为目则亦注也；圣人不为目，而天下自此孩矣。河上公五注、王弼四注、成玄英六注、唐玄宗御注御疏十一注、严遵三注、李荣五注、陆希声五注、吕惠卿四注、苏辙三注、吴澄三注、憨山四注、魏源四注、王夫之一注；俞樾《诸子平议》此章未列，故十三家。河上公题「任德第四十九」，《玄德纂疏》卷十三、吕惠卿、苏辙题「圣人无常心章第四十九」，王弼本无章题；吴澄以此章为其第四十一章，正文作「以百姓之心为心」「得善矣」「得信矣」「圣人之在天下」；魏源以此章为其第四十二章，正文作「惵惵」；憨山正文作「圣人之在天下，惵惵为天下浑其心」。诸本异文：吴澄「以百姓之心为心」多一「之」字；陆希声、苏辙、憨山、魏源「德善」「德信」下有「矣」字，成玄英、李荣、吴澄作「得善」「得信」；河上公作「怵怵」，魏源、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、憨山作「惵惵」，《释文》作「惔惔」；傅奕「浑其心」作「浑浑焉」；《释文》「孩」作「咳」。正文从王弼通行本，异文见校记。",
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  "part": "德經",
  "partSimp": "德经"
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