{ "meta": { "book": { "id": "laozi", "title": "老子", "titleSimp": "老子", "author": "老聃", "authorSimp": "老聃", "era": "春秋", "eraSimp": "春秋", "editor": "河上公、王弼等", "editorSimp": "河上公、王弼等", "edition": "王弼《老子注》", "editionSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "slug": "laozi", "baseLabel": "王弼《老子注》", "baseLabelSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "separationLabel": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英義疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、嚴遵指歸、李榮注、陸希聲傳、呂惠卿傳、蘇轍老子解、吳澄道德真經注、憨山道德經解、魏源老子本義、俞樾平議、王夫之老子衍十四家", "separationLabelSimp": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英义疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、严遵指归、李荣注、陆希声传、吕惠卿传、苏辙老子解、吴澄道德真经注、憨山道德经解、魏源老子本义、俞樾平议、王夫之老子衍十四家", "intro": "《老子》八十一章，分道經、德經。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》為底本，逐章整理正文、舊注、今譯與校記；第一至八十一章已上線，全帙完竣。", "introSimp": "《老子》八十一章，分道经、德经。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》为底本，逐章整理正文、旧注、今译与校记；第一至八十一章已上线，全帙完竣。" }, "chapter": { "id": "laozi-51", "no": 51, "part": "德經", "partSimp": "德经", "title": "第五十一章", "titleSimp": "第五十一章", "intro": "《老子》第五十一章，河上公題「養德第五十一」，《玄德纂疏》、呂惠卿、蘇轍題「道生之章第五十一」，王弼本無章題；吳澄以此章為其第四十三章，魏源以此章為其第四十四章，王夫之標「五十一章」。王弼道藏本正文七句：道生之，德畜之，物形之，勢成之；是以萬物莫不尊道而貴德；道之尊，德之貴，夫莫之命而常自然；故道生之，德畜之；長之育之，亭之毒之，養之覆之；生而不有，為而不恃，長而不宰；是謂玄德。全章先標道德生畜、物形勢成四重功用，次言萬物由是尊道貴德，而道德之尊貴不在爵命、常出自然，再疊言生畜長育亭毒養覆之功，末以不有不恃不宰結為玄德。河上公以道生萬物，德一布氣而畜養，一為萬物設形像、作寒暑之勢以成之；道德所為無不盡敬，道不命召萬物而常自然應之如影響；道非但生之，乃復長養成熟覆育，全其性命，人君治國治身亦當如之；生而不取以為利，為而不望其報，長而不宰割以為利；恩德玄闇不可得見。王弼以物生而後畜、畜而後形、形而後成，生由於道、畜由於德、形由於物、成由於勢，皆有所由而莫不由道；道為物之所由、德為物之所得，由之乃得故不得不尊，失之則害故不得不貴；「命」並作「爵」；成其實而各得其庇蔭、不傷其體；有德而不知其主、出乎幽冥，故謂之玄德。成玄英以至道虚玄通生萬物、上德慈救畜養群品；物形謂禀道而有形質，勢成謂以德化導、陶營心靈、令行業淳熟；蒼生荷賴而日用不知，故勸令崇尚；道德尊貴無關爵命，故常自然；重疊前文而直舉道不言德，明德不異道；長育成孰養覆各有其義；生而不有、為而不恃、長而不宰，分遣生、畜、長之功；玄德為深遠之名。唐玄宗御注以道生德畜而品物流形，乾知坤作、天地為形，天時地利陰陽之勢而物資以成；萬物由道德生畜故尊貴，道德之尊非假爵命；增進曰長、安撫曰育；生而不有、為而不恃、長而不宰，具如載營魄章所釋，彼章言人修如道，此明道用同人。御疏以道降沖和之氣陶冶萬物、德得也畜養也；順理者少而逆理者多；始之為生、養之為畜；輔相曰成、遂終曰熟、資給曰養、蔭庇曰覆；道生萬物而不見有生之可生，忘生之功；德之為養而不恃其功；雖居萬物之長而不為主宰；玄者深遠不測之名。嚴遵《玄德纂疏》卷十四存輯文四條：物形謂乾知坤作、兆形位，勢成謂寒暑相成、各得成遂；萬物由道德生畜故尊貴；道德尊貴非假爵命，但生成被物而自然尊貴；生畜覆結首兩句，長育成孰養覆八者皆道德之功用。李榮以至道運而無壅、玄德動而不滯；約事分用，道生則理歸於道、德畜則義在於德；道德恩隆於父母、功蓋於天地，理當尊貴；道德虚忘自然尊貴，非由爵命；進益曰長、撫恤曰育、構立曰成、圓足曰熟、資給曰養、衣被曰覆；伐功恃德非至功大德。陸希聲以物生而後畜、畜而後形、形而後成，所由生者道、所以畜者德、形其材者事、成其用者勢；道為真精之體、德為妙物之用，體可兼用、用不可兼體；禀精謂之生、含炁謂之畜、遂形謂之長、字材謂之育、權成謂之亭、量用謂之毒、保和謂之養、護傷謂之覆；生而不執有、為而不矜恃、長而不宰制，是謂玄德；營魄章言人同於道德，此章言道德同於人。呂惠卿以萬物之生本於无名、其畜在一而未形，无名者道、一而未形者德；及其為物則特形之，形勢皆勢之必然；勢出於形、形出於德、德出於道，道德本而形勢末，本尊末卑；莫之爵而常自然，故能以无為柔弱勝形勢剛强；生畜長育成熟養覆莫非道，而道終无名，故不有不恃不宰。蘇轍以道為萬物之母，運而為德、牧養群眾而不辭；道德不能自形，因物而後形見；物不能自成，積而為勢；尊道如父兄、貴德如侯王，道無位而德有名；恃爵而後尊貴者非實尊貴。吳澄以春生、夏長、秋收、冬藏配元亨利貞，萬物生長收藏皆由道德，道尊如父、德貴如母，道德二而一，道即德、德即道；天子受命於天、諸侯受命於君，道尊德貴則非有命之者；長育申物形、成熟申勢成、養申長育、覆申成熟，覆謂反本復命；兼生長收藏皆曰玄德。憨山以道德為萬物之本，欲人體道虚懷而造乎至德；道為天地根，非道不生、非德不畜，畜即長養；道德無形，因物以形；四時寒暑生殺之勢，春氣逼物故生、秋氣逼物故成；道無位而尊、無名而貴，非有以命之；侯王受命於天、卿相受命於君，禀命而得者可奪；體至虚故用至大，生長含育成熟覆護；生之而不自有、作為而不自恃、為萬物主而不自宰，所以為玄德。魏源以此章為其第四十四章；校各本或無「夫」字，傅奕及開元本「命」作「爵」；「亭毒」河上作「成熟」，畢沅云亭、成、毒、熟聲義相近；「養」傅奕作「蓋」；章末案《釋文》亭訓別、平、均、調，《易·師卦》馬注毒訓治，生畜如春、長育如夏、亭毒如秋冬，勢成則養覆；諸家解「莫之命」為爵命，獨李榮謂道無心命物，於義為優。王夫之以道既已生、既已畜且覆，而我何生何為何長；鄰人炊囷粟以自飽，彼未嘗食於我而未嘗不食於此；物者形矣、勢者成矣，灼知而不名言、順襲而不易置，天下不相知而德我，我姑不得已而德之，因萬物之不相知而謂之玄德。本站以王弼《老子注》道藏本為底本，分列河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英義疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、嚴遵指歸、李榮注、陸希聲傳、呂惠卿傳、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》與王夫之《老子衍》，並附編者今譯。俞樾《諸子平議》此章未列。", "introSimp": "《老子》第五十一章，河上公题「养德第五十一」，《玄德纂疏》、吕惠卿、苏辙题「道生之章第五十一」，王弼本无章题；吴澄以此章为其第四十三章，魏源以此章为其第四十四章，王夫之标「五十一章」。王弼道藏本正文七句：道生之，德畜之，物形之，势成之；是以万物莫不尊道而贵德；道之尊，德之贵，夫莫之命而常自然；故道生之，德畜之；长之育之，亭之毒之，养之覆之；生而不有，为而不恃，长而不宰；是谓玄德。全章先标道德生畜、物形势成四重功用，次言万物由是尊道贵德，而道德之尊贵不在爵命、常出自然，再叠言生畜长育亭毒养覆之功，末以不有不恃不宰结为玄德。河上公以道生万物，德一布气而畜养，一为万物设形像、作寒暑之势以成之；道德所为无不尽敬，道不命召万物而常自然应之如影响；道非但生之，乃复长养成熟复育，全其性命，人君治国治身亦当如之；生而不取以为利，为而不望其报，长而不宰割以为利；恩德玄暗不可得见。王弼以物生而后畜、畜而后形、形而后成，生由于道、畜由于德、形由于物、成由于势，皆有所由而莫不由道；道为物之所由、德为物之所得，由之乃得故不得不尊，失之则害故不得不贵；「命」并作「爵」；成其实而各得其庇荫、不伤其体；有德而不知其主、出乎幽冥，故谓之玄德。成玄英以至道虚玄通生万物、上德慈救畜养群品；物形谓禀道而有形质，势成谓以德化导、陶营心灵、令行业淳熟；苍生荷赖而日用不知，故劝令崇尚；道德尊贵无关爵命，故常自然；重叠前文而直举道不言德，明德不异道；长育成孰养覆各有其义；生而不有、为而不恃、长而不宰，分遣生、畜、长之功；玄德为深远之名。唐玄宗御注以道生德畜而品物流形，干知坤作、天地为形，天时地利阴阳之势而物资以成；万物由道德生畜故尊贵，道德之尊非假爵命；增进曰长、安抚曰育；生而不有、为而不恃、长而不宰，具如载营魄章所释，彼章言人修如道，此明道用同人。御疏以道降冲和之气陶冶万物、德得也畜养也；顺理者少而逆理者多；始之为生、养之为畜；辅相曰成、遂终曰熟、资给曰养、荫庇曰覆；道生万物而不见有生之可生，忘生之功；德之为养而不恃其功；虽居万物之长而不为主宰；玄者深远不测之名。严遵《玄德纂疏》卷十四存辑文四条：物形谓干知坤作、兆形位，势成谓寒暑相成、各得成遂；万物由道德生畜故尊贵；道德尊贵非假爵命，但生成被物而自然尊贵；生畜覆结首两句，长育成孰养覆八者皆道德之功用。李荣以至道运而无壅、玄德动而不滞；约事分用，道生则理归于道、德畜则义在于德；道德恩隆于父母、功盖于天地，理当尊贵；道德虚忘自然尊贵，非由爵命；进益曰长、抚恤曰育、构立曰成、圆足曰熟、资给曰养、衣被曰覆；伐功恃德非至功大德。陆希声以物生而后畜、畜而后形、形而后成，所由生者道、所以畜者德、形其材者事、成其用者势；道为真精之体、德为妙物之用，体可兼用、用不可兼体；禀精谓之生、含炁谓之畜、遂形谓之长、字材谓之育、权成谓之亭、量用谓之毒、保和谓之养、护伤谓之覆；生而不执有、为而不矜恃、长而不宰制，是谓玄德；营魄章言人同于道德，此章言道德同于人。吕惠卿以万物之生本于无名、其畜在一而未形，无名者道、一而未形者德；及其为物则特形之，形势皆势之必然；势出于形、形出于德、德出于道，道德本而形势末，本尊末卑；莫之爵而常自然，故能以无为柔弱胜形势刚强；生畜长育成熟养覆莫非道，而道终无名，故不有不恃不宰。苏辙以道为万物之母，运而为德、牧养群众而不辞；道德不能自形，因物而后形见；物不能自成，积而为势；尊道如父兄、贵德如侯王，道无位而德有名；恃爵而后尊贵者非实尊贵。吴澄以春生、夏长、秋收、冬藏配元亨利贞，万物生长收藏皆由道德，道尊如父、德贵如母，道德二而一，道即德、德即道；天子受命于天、诸侯受命于君，道尊德贵则非有命之者；长育申物形、成熟申势成、养申长育、覆申成熟，覆谓反本复命；兼生长收藏皆曰玄德。憨山以道德为万物之本，欲人体道虚怀而造乎至德；道为天地根，非道不生、非德不畜，畜即长养；道德无形，因物以形；四时寒暑生杀之势，春气逼物故生、秋气逼物故成；道无位而尊、无名而贵，非有以命之；侯王受命于天、卿相受命于君，禀命而得者可夺；体至虚故用至大，生长含育成熟覆护；生之而不自有、作为而不自恃、为万物主而不自宰，所以为玄德。魏源以此章为其第四十四章；校各本或无「夫」字，傅奕及开元本「命」作「爵」；「亭毒」河上作「成熟」，毕沅云亭、成、毒、熟声义相近；「养」傅奕作「盖」；章末案《释文》亭训别、平、均、调，《易·师卦》马注毒训治，生畜如春、长育如夏、亭毒如秋冬，势成则养覆；诸家解「莫之命」为爵命，独李荣谓道无心命物，于义为优。王夫之以道既已生、既已畜且覆，而我何生何为何长；邻人炊囷粟以自饱，彼未尝食于我而未尝不食于此；物者形矣、势者成矣，灼知而不名言、顺袭而不易置，天下不相知而德我，我姑不得已而德之，因万物之不相知而谓之玄德。本站以王弼《老子注》道藏本为底本，分列河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英义疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、严遵指归、李荣注、陆希声传、吕惠卿传、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》与王夫之《老子衍》，并附编者今译。俞樾《诸子平议》此章未列。", "guide": "點擊任一句可展開句注；點擊字詞可看本句訓釋；按「諸家並觀」可將同一句的舊注並列對讀，本章十三家舊注。河上公、王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、嚴遵、李榮、蘇轍、吳澄逐句或分段分疏；陸希聲、呂惠卿、憨山各以整章一段通釋，本站按文義分條；魏源以校記與章末案語、王夫之以整章衍文。河上公題「養德」；《玄德纂疏》、呂惠卿、蘇轍題「道生之章」；吳澄以此章為其第四十三章，魏源以此章為其第四十四章。王弼道藏本正文「夫莫之命而常自然」「亭之毒之」，河上公、唐玄宗、嚴遵、李榮、吳澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之於「亭毒」作「成之熟之」，陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍於「命」作「爵」。俞樾《諸子平議》此章未列。", "guideSimp": "点击任一句可展开句注；点击字词可看本句训释；按「诸家并观」可将同一句的旧注并列对读，本章十三家旧注。河上公、王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、严遵、李荣、苏辙、吴澄逐句或分段分疏；陆希声、吕惠卿、憨山各以整章一段通释，本站按文义分条；魏源以校记与章末案语、王夫之以整章衍文。河上公题「养德」；《玄德纂疏》、吕惠卿、苏辙题「道生之章」；吴澄以此章为其第四十三章，魏源以此章为其第四十四章。王弼道藏本正文「夫莫之命而常自然」「亭之毒之」，河上公、唐玄宗、严遵、李荣、吴澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之于「亭毒」作「成之熟之」，陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙于「命」作「爵」。俞樾《诸子平议》此章未列。", "slug": "51", "order": 51, "status": "published", "revision": "初校", "review": "待复核", "updated": "2026-10-30", "summary": "全章七句：首句標出道生、德畜、物形、勢成四重功用；第二句言萬物由是尊道而貴德；第三句說道德之尊貴不在爵命而常出自然；第四句疊言道生德畜；第五句分說長育、亭毒、養覆之功；第六句以生而不有、為而不恃、長而不宰總攝；末句結為玄德。河上公以道生萬物，德一布氣而畜養，一為萬物設形像、作寒暑之勢以成之；道德所為無不盡敬，道不命召萬物而常自然應之如影響；道非但生之，乃復長養成熟覆育、全其性命，人君治國治身亦當如之；生而不取以為利，為而不望其報，長而不宰割以為利；恩德玄闇不可得見。王弼以物生而後畜、畜而後形、形而後成，生由於道、畜由於德、形由於物、成由於勢，皆有所由而莫不由道；道為物之所由、德為物之所得，由之乃得故不得不尊，失之則害故不得不貴；「命」並作「爵」；成其實而各得其庇蔭、不傷其體；有德而不知其主、出乎幽冥，故謂之玄德。成玄英以至道虚玄通生萬物、上德慈救畜養群品；物形謂禀道而有形質，勢成謂以德化導、陶營心靈、令行業淳熟；蒼生荷賴而日用不知，故勸令崇尚；道德尊貴無關爵命，故常自然；重疊前文而直舉道不言德，明德不異道；長育成孰養覆各有其義；生而不有、為而不恃、長而不宰，分遣生、畜、長之功；玄德為深遠之名。唐玄宗御注以道生德畜而品物流形，乾知坤作、天地為形，天時地利陰陽之勢而物資以成；萬物由道德生畜故尊貴，道德之尊非假爵命；增進曰長、安撫曰育；生而不有、為而不恃、長而不宰，具如載營魄章所釋，彼章言人修如道，此明道用同人。御疏以道降沖和之氣陶冶萬物、德得也畜養也；始之為生、養之為畜；輔相曰成、遂終曰熟、資給曰養、蔭庇曰覆；道生萬物而不見有生之可生，忘生之功；德之為養而不恃其功；雖居萬物之長而不為主宰；玄者深遠不測之名。嚴遵《玄德纂疏》卷十四存輯文四條，以物形謂乾知坤作、兆形位，勢成謂寒暑相成、各得成遂；萬物由道德生畜故尊貴；道德尊貴非假爵命，但生成被物而自然尊貴；生畜覆結首兩句，長育成孰養覆八者皆道德之功用。李榮以至道運而無壅、玄德動而不滯；約事分用，道生則理歸於道、德畜則義在於德；道德恩隆於父母、功蓋於天地，理當尊貴；道德虚忘自然尊貴，非由爵命；進益曰長、撫恤曰育、構立曰成、圓足曰熟、資給曰養、衣被曰覆；伐功恃德非至功大德。陸希聲以物生而後畜、畜而後形、形而後成，所由生者道、所以畜者德、形其材者事、成其用者勢；道為真精之體、德為妙物之用，體可兼用、用不可兼體；禀精謂之生、含炁謂之畜、遂形謂之長、字材謂之育、權成謂之亭、量用謂之毒、保和謂之養、護傷謂之覆；生而不執有、為而不矜恃、長而不宰制，是謂玄德；營魄章言人同於道德，此章言道德同於人。呂惠卿以萬物之生本於无名、其畜在一而未形，无名者道、一而未形者德；及其為物則特形之，形勢皆勢之必然；勢出於形、形出於德、德出於道，道德本而形勢末，本尊末卑；莫之爵而常自然，故能以无為柔弱勝形勢剛强；生畜長育成熟養覆莫非道，而道終无名，故不有不恃不宰。蘇轍以道為萬物之母，運而為德、牧養群眾而不辭；道德不能自形，因物而後形見；物不能自成，積而為勢；尊道如父兄、貴德如侯王，道無位而德有名；恃爵而後尊貴者非實尊貴。吳澄以此章為其第四十三章，以春生、夏長、秋收、冬藏配元亨利貞，萬物生長收藏皆由道德，道尊如父、德貴如母，道德二而一，道即德、德即道；天子受命於天、諸侯受命於君，道尊德貴則非有命之者；長育申物形、成熟申勢成、養申長育、覆申成熟，覆謂反本復命；兼生長收藏皆曰玄德。憨山以道德為萬物之本，欲人體道虚懷而造乎至德；道為天地根，非道不生、非德不畜，畜即長養；道德無形，因物以形；四時寒暑生殺之勢，春氣逼物故生、秋氣逼物故成；道無位而尊、無名而貴，非有以命之；侯王受命於天、卿相受命於君，禀命而得者可奪；體至虚故用至大，生長含育成熟覆護；生之而不自有、作為而不自恃、為萬物主而不自宰，所以為玄德。魏源以此章為其第四十四章；校各本或無「夫」字，傅奕及開元本「命」作「爵」；「亭毒」河上作「成熟」，畢沅云亭、成、毒、熟聲義相近；「養」傅奕作「蓋」；章末案《釋文》亭訓別、平、均、調，《易·師卦》馬注毒訓治，生畜如春、長育如夏、亭毒如秋冬，勢成則養覆；諸家解「莫之命」為爵命，獨李榮謂道無心命物，於義為優。王夫之以道既已生、既已畜且覆，而我何生何為何長；鄰人炊囷粟以自飽，彼未嘗食於我而未嘗不食於此；物者形矣、勢者成矣，灼知而不名言、順襲而不易置，天下不相知而德我，我姑不得已而德之，因萬物之不相知而謂之玄德。河上公十一注、王弼四注、成玄英十二注、唐玄宗御注御疏十二注、嚴遵四注、李榮五注、陸希聲四注、呂惠卿三注、蘇轍三注、吳澄五注、憨山四注、魏源三注、王夫之一注；俞樾《諸子平議》此章未列，故十三家。河上公題「養德第五十一」，《玄德纂疏》、呂惠卿、蘇轍題「道生之章第五十一」，王弼本無章題；吳澄以此章為其第四十三章，魏源以此章為其第四十四章；王弼道藏本轉錄於「命」下無「而」、「為而不恃」下重出「為而不有」，本站從通行本補正。諸本異文：陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍及王弼注所稱別本「命」作「爵」；河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、嚴遵、李榮、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山、王夫之作「成之熟之」；魏源云傅奕「養」作「蓋」；並見校記。本站以王弼《老子注》道藏本為底本，分列十三家舊注並附今譯。", "summarySimp": "全章七句：首句标出道生、德畜、物形、势成四重功用；第二句言万物由是尊道而贵德；第三句说道德之尊贵不在爵命而常出自然；第四句叠言道生德畜；第五句分说长育、亭毒、养覆之功；第六句以生而不有、为而不恃、长而不宰总摄；末句结为玄德。河上公以道生万物，德一布气而畜养，一为万物设形像、作寒暑之势以成之；道德所为无不尽敬，道不命召万物而常自然应之如影响；道非但生之，乃复长养成熟复育、全其性命，人君治国治身亦当如之；生而不取以为利，为而不望其报，长而不宰割以为利；恩德玄暗不可得见。王弼以物生而后畜、畜而后形、形而后成，生由于道、畜由于德、形由于物、成由于势，皆有所由而莫不由道；道为物之所由、德为物之所得，由之乃得故不得不尊，失之则害故不得不贵；「命」并作「爵」；成其实而各得其庇荫、不伤其体；有德而不知其主、出乎幽冥，故谓之玄德。成玄英以至道虚玄通生万物、上德慈救畜养群品；物形谓禀道而有形质，势成谓以德化导、陶营心灵、令行业淳熟；苍生荷赖而日用不知，故劝令崇尚；道德尊贵无关爵命，故常自然；重叠前文而直举道不言德，明德不异道；长育成孰养覆各有其义；生而不有、为而不恃、长而不宰，分遣生、畜、长之功；玄德为深远之名。唐玄宗御注以道生德畜而品物流形，乾知坤作、天地为形，天时地利阴阳之势而物资以成；万物由道德生畜故尊贵，道德之尊非假爵命；增进曰长、安抚曰育；生而不有、为而不恃、长而不宰，具如载营魄章所释，彼章言人修如道，此明道用同人。御疏以道降冲和之气陶冶万物、德得也畜养也；始之为生、养之为畜；辅相曰成、遂终曰熟、资给曰养、荫庇曰覆；道生万物而不见有生之可生，忘生之功；德之为养而不恃其功；虽居万物之长而不为主宰；玄者深远不测之名。严遵《玄德纂疏》卷十四存辑文四条，以物形谓乾知坤作、兆形位，势成谓寒暑相成、各得成遂；万物由道德生畜故尊贵；道德尊贵非假爵命，但生成被物而自然尊贵；生畜覆结首两句，长育成孰养覆八者皆道德之功用。李荣以至道运而无壅、玄德动而不滞；约事分用，道生则理归于道、德畜则义在于德；道德恩隆于父母、功盖于天地，理当尊贵；道德虚忘自然尊贵，非由爵命；进益曰长、抚恤曰育、构立曰成、圆足曰熟、资给曰养、衣被曰覆；伐功恃德非至功大德。陆希声以物生而后畜、畜而后形、形而后成，所由生者道、所以畜者德、形其材者事、成其用者势；道为真精之体、德为妙物之用，体可兼用、用不可兼体；禀精谓之生、含炁谓之畜、遂形谓之长、字材谓之育、权成谓之亭、量用谓之毒、保和谓之养、护伤谓之覆；生而不执有、为而不矜恃、长而不宰制，是谓玄德；营魄章言人同于道德，此章言道德同于人。吕惠卿以万物之生本于无名、其畜在一而未形，无名者道、一而未形者德；及其为物则特形之，形势皆势之必然；势出于形、形出于德、德出于道，道德本而形势末，本尊末卑；莫之爵而常自然，故能以无为柔弱胜形势刚强；生畜长育成熟养覆莫非道，而道终无名，故不有不恃不宰。苏辙以道为万物之母，运而为德、牧养群众而不辞；道德不能自形，因物而后形见；物不能自成，积而为势；尊道如父兄、贵德如侯王，道无位而德有名；恃爵而后尊贵者非实尊贵。吴澄以此章为其第四十三章，以春生、夏长、秋收、冬藏配元亨利贞，万物生长收藏皆由道德，道尊如父、德贵如母，道德二而一，道即德、德即道；天子受命于天、诸侯受命于君，道尊德贵则非有命之者；长育申物形、成熟申势成、养申长育、覆申成熟，覆谓反本复命；兼生长收藏皆曰玄德。憨山以道德为万物之本，欲人体道虚怀而造乎至德；道为天地根，非道不生、非德不畜，畜即长养；道德无形，因物以形；四时寒暑生杀之势，春气逼物故生、秋气逼物故成；道无位而尊、无名而贵，非有以命之；侯王受命于天、卿相受命于君，禀命而得者可夺；体至虚故用至大，生长含育成熟覆护；生之而不自有、作为而不自恃、为万物主而不自宰，所以为玄德。魏源以此章为其第四十四章；校各本或无「夫」字，傅奕及开元本「命」作「爵」；「亭毒」河上作「成熟」，毕沅云亭、成、毒、熟声义相近；「养」傅奕作「盖」；章末案《释文》亭训别、平、均、调，《易·师卦》马注毒训治，生畜如春、长育如夏、亭毒如秋冬，势成则养覆；诸家解「莫之命」为爵命，独李荣谓道无心命物，于义为优。王夫之以道既已生、既已畜且覆，而我何生何为何长；邻人炊囷粟以自饱，彼未尝食于我而未尝不食于此；物者形矣、势者成矣，灼知而不名言、顺袭而不易置，天下不相知而德我，我姑不得已而德之，因万物之不相知而谓之玄德。河上公十一注、王弼四注、成玄英十二注、唐玄宗御注御疏十二注、严遵四注、李荣五注、陆希声四注、吕惠卿三注、苏辙三注、吴澄五注、憨山四注、魏源三注、王夫之一注；俞樾《诸子平议》此章未列，故十三家。河上公题「养德第五十一」，《玄德纂疏》、吕惠卿、苏辙题「道生之章第五十一」，王弼本无章题；吴澄以此章为其第四十三章，魏源以此章为其第四十四章；王弼道藏本转录于「命」下无「而」、「为而不恃」下重出「为而不有」，本站从通行本补正。诸本异文：陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙及王弼注所称别本「命」作「爵」；河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、严遵、李荣、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、憨山、王夫之作「成之熟之」；魏源云傅奕「养」作「盖」；并见校记。本站以王弼《老子注》道藏本为底本，分列十三家旧注并附今译。", "dataFile": "data/chapters/laozi-51.json", "relationsFile": "data/commentary-relations-laozi-51.json", "url": "/laozi/51/", "volumeId": "dejing", "volumeTitle": "德經", "volumeTitleSimp": "德经", "orderLabel": "第五十一" }, "edition": { "base": "王弼《老子注》", "baseEdition": "王弼《老子注》道藏本（德經）", "separation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》、王弼《老子道德經注》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、嚴遵《道德真經指歸》、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》、王夫之《老子衍》諸本對校；河上公此章據四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引；成玄英、唐玄宗御注御疏、李榮、嚴遵此章據《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引", "punctuation": "數字轉錄所附現代標點，本站僅作閱讀輔助，尚未逐字復核原刻", "digital": "中華典藏網、識典古籍、大道家園公開轉錄、Kanripo 漢籍全文資料庫（僅作文字底本）", "caution": "王弼道藏本轉錄正文作「道生之，德畜之，物形之，勢成之。是以萬物莫不尊道而貴德。道之尊，德之貴，夫莫之命常自然。故道生之，德畜之，長之育之，亭之毒之，養之覆之。生而不有，為而不恃，為而不有，長而不宰。是謂玄德」，其中「命」下無「而」、「為而不恃」下重出「為而不有」，本站從諸通行本補正；河上公題「養德第五十一」，《玄德纂疏》、呂惠卿、蘇轍題「道生之章第五十一」；吳澄以此章為其第四十三章，魏源以此章為其第四十四章。諸本異文：陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍及王弼注所稱別本「命」作「爵」；河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、嚴遵、李榮、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山、王夫之作「成之熟之」，王弼、陸希聲、魏源作「亭之毒之」；魏源云傅奕「養」作「蓋」；魏源轉錄本「長而不宰」作「良而不宰」，當是形近之誤。正文從王弼本，異文見校記。", "baseSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "baseEditionSimp": "王弼《老子注》道藏本（德经）", "separationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》、王弼《老子道德经注》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、严遵《道德真经指归》、李荣《道德真经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》、王夫之《老子衍》诸本对校；河上公此章据四部丛刊本，参校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引；成玄英、唐玄宗御注御疏、李荣、严遵此章据《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引", "punctuationSimp": "数字转录所附现代标点，本站仅作阅读辅助，尚未逐字复核原刻", "digitalSimp": "中华典藏网、识典古籍、大道家园公开转录、Kanripo 汉籍全文资料库（仅作文字底本）", "cautionSimp": "王弼道藏本转录正文作「道生之，德畜之，物形之，势成之。是以万物莫不尊道而贵德。道之尊，德之贵，夫莫之命常自然。故道生之，德畜之，长之育之，亭之毒之，养之覆之。生而不有，为而不恃，为而不有，长而不宰。是谓玄德」，其中「命」下无「而」、「为而不恃」下重出「为而不有」，本站从诸通行本补正；河上公题「养德第五十一」，《玄德纂疏》、吕惠卿、苏辙题「道生之章第五十一」；吴澄以此章为其第四十三章，魏源以此章为其第四十四章。诸本异文：陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙及王弼注所称别本「命」作「爵」；河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、严遵、李荣、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、憨山、王夫之作「成之熟之」，王弼、陆希声、魏源作「亭之毒之」；魏源云傅奕「养」作「盖」；魏源转录本「长而不宰」作「良而不宰」，当是形近之误。正文从王弼本，异文见校记。" }, "license": { "historical": "公有領域", "translation": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "code": "MIT" }, "stats": { "sentences": 7, "commentaries": 71, "charNotes": 14, "collations": 7 } }, "sources": [ { "id": "heshanggong", "name": "河上公章句", "short": "河上公", "author": "河上公", "work": "老子道德經章句", "era": "漢", "years": "傳漢文帝時", "color": "#a3542c", "desc": "分章句解，兼重治身與治國；此章題「養德第五十一」，以道生萬物，德一布氣而畜養，一為萬物設形像、作寒暑之勢以成之；道德所為無不盡敬，道不命召萬物而常自然應之如影響；道非但生之，乃復長養成熟覆育，全其性命，人君治國治身亦當如之；生而不取以為利，為而不望其報，長而不宰割以為利；恩德玄闇不可得見。此章據四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引；注十一條。", "count": 11, "nameSimp": "河上公章句", "workSimp": "老子道德经章句", "authorSimp": "河上公", "eraSimp": "汉", "yearsSimp": "传汉文帝时", "descSimp": "分章句解，兼重治身与治国；此章题「养德第五十一」，以道生万物，德一布气而畜养，一为万物设形像、作寒暑之势以成之；道德所为无不尽敬，道不命召万物而常自然应之如影响；道非但生之，乃复长养成熟复育，全其性命，人君治国治身亦当如之；生而不取以为利，为而不望其报，长而不宰割以为利；恩德玄暗不可得见。此章据四部丛刊本，参校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引；注十一条。", "shortSimp": "河上公" }, { "id": "wangbi", "name": "王弼注", "short": "王注", "author": "王弼", "work": "老子道德經注", "era": "曹魏", "years": "226–249", "color": "#8c5a2b", "desc": "以崇本息末為宗；此章注四條，以物生而後畜、畜而後形、形而後成，生由於道、畜由於德、形由於物、成由於勢，皆有所由而莫不由道；道為物之所由、德為物之所得，由之乃得故不得不尊，失之則害故不得不貴；「命」並作「爵」；成其實而各得其庇蔭、不傷其體；有德而不知其主、出乎幽冥，故謂之玄德。此章注據《道藏》本王弼《老子注》德經，參校魏源《老子本義》所引。", "count": 4, "nameSimp": "王弼注", "workSimp": "老子道德经注", "authorSimp": "王弼", "eraSimp": "曹魏", "yearsSimp": "226–249", "descSimp": "以崇本息末为宗；此章注四条，以物生而后畜、畜而后形、形而后成，生由于道、畜由于德、形由于物、成由于势，皆有所由而莫不由道；道为物之所由、德为物之所得，由之乃得故不得不尊，失之则害故不得不贵；「命」并作「爵」；成其实而各得其庇荫、不伤其体；有德而不知其主、出乎幽冥，故谓之玄德。此章注据《道藏》本王弼《老子注》德经，参校魏源《老子本义》所引。", "shortSimp": "王注" }, { "id": "chengxuanying", "name": "成玄英疏", "short": "成疏", "author": "成玄英", "work": "老子道德經義疏", "era": "唐", "years": "約 608–669", "color": "#6b7a4a", "desc": "以重玄雙遣為宗；此章《玄德纂疏》卷十四存義疏，以至道虚玄通生萬物、上德慈救畜養群品；物形謂禀道而有形質，勢成謂以德化導、陶營心靈、令行業淳熟；蒼生荷賴而日用不知，故勸令崇尚；道德尊貴無關爵命，故常自然；重疊前文而直舉道不言德，明德不異道；長育成孰養覆各有其義；生而不有、為而不恃、長而不宰，分遣生、畜、長之功；玄德為深遠之名。注十二條。", "count": 12, "nameSimp": "成玄英疏", "workSimp": "老子道德经义疏", "authorSimp": "成玄英", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "约 608–669", "descSimp": "以重玄双遣为宗；此章《玄德纂疏》卷十四存义疏，以至道虚玄通生万物、上德慈救畜养群品；物形谓禀道而有形质，势成谓以德化导、陶营心灵、令行业淳熟；苍生荷赖而日用不知，故劝令崇尚；道德尊贵无关爵命，故常自然；重叠前文而直举道不言德，明德不异道；长育成孰养覆各有其义；生而不有、为而不恃、长而不宰，分遣生、畜、长之功；玄德为深远之名。注十二条。", "shortSimp": "成疏" }, { "id": "tangxuanzong", "name": "唐玄宗御注御疏", "short": "御注", "author": "李隆基", "work": "道德真經注疏", "era": "唐", "years": "685–762", "color": "#9b3d3d", "desc": "帝王御注，兼採諸家；御注以道生德畜而品物流形，乾知坤作、天地為形，天時地利陰陽之勢而物資以成；萬物由道德生畜故尊貴，道德之尊非假爵命；增進曰長、安撫曰育；生而不有、為而不恃、長而不宰，具如載營魄章所釋，彼章言人修如道，此明道用同人。御疏以道降沖和之氣陶冶萬物、德得也畜養也；順理者少而逆理者多；始之為生、養之為畜；輔相曰成、遂終曰熟、資給曰養、蔭庇曰覆；道生萬物而不見有生之可生，忘生之功；德之為養而不恃其功；雖居萬物之長而不為主宰；玄者深遠不測之名。注十二條，御注四條、御疏八條。", "count": 12, "nameSimp": "唐玄宗御注御疏", "workSimp": "道德真经注疏", "authorSimp": "李隆基", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "685–762", "descSimp": "帝王御注，兼采诸家；御注以道生德畜而品物流形，干知坤作、天地为形，天时地利阴阳之势而物资以成；万物由道德生畜故尊贵，道德之尊非假爵命；增进曰长、安抚曰育；生而不有、为而不恃、长而不宰，具如载营魄章所释，彼章言人修如道，此明道用同人。御疏以道降冲和之气陶冶万物、德得也畜养也；顺理者少而逆理者多；始之为生、养之为畜；辅相曰成、遂终曰熟、资给曰养、荫庇曰覆；道生万物而不见有生之可生，忘生之功；德之为养而不恃其功；虽居万物之长而不为主宰；玄者深远不测之名。注十二条，御注四条、御疏八条。", "shortSimp": "御注" }, { "id": "yanzun", "name": "嚴遵指歸", "short": "嚴指歸", "author": "嚴遵", "work": "道德真經指歸", "era": "漢", "years": "約前 83–10", "color": "#7a5c3e", "desc": "以「自然」「太和」立說；此章《玄德纂疏》卷十四存輯文四條：物形謂乾知坤作、兆形位，勢成謂寒暑相成、各得成遂；萬物由道德生畜故尊貴；道德尊貴非假爵命，但生成被物而自然尊貴；生畜覆結首兩句，長育成孰養覆八者皆道德之功用。嚴遵本無章題，此章自為一篇。輯文四條。", "count": 4, "nameSimp": "严遵指归", "workSimp": "道德真经指归", "authorSimp": "严遵", "eraSimp": "汉", "yearsSimp": "约前 83–10", "descSimp": "以「自然」「太和」立说；此章《玄德纂疏》卷十四存辑文四条：物形谓干知坤作、兆形位，势成谓寒暑相成、各得成遂；万物由道德生畜故尊贵；道德尊贵非假爵命，但生成被物而自然尊贵；生畜覆结首两句，长育成孰养覆八者皆道德之功用。严遵本无章题，此章自为一篇。辑文四条。", "shortSimp": "严指归" }, { "id": "lirong", "name": "李榮注", "short": "李注", "author": "李榮", "work": "道德真經注", "era": "唐", "years": "生卒不詳", "color": "#4f6b7a", "desc": "唐初道士，以重玄遣執解《老》；此章《玄德纂疏》卷十四存注，以至道運而無壅、玄德動而不滯；約事分用，道生則理歸於道、德畜則義在於德；道德恩隆於父母、功蓋於天地，理當尊貴；道德虚忘自然尊貴，非由爵命；進益曰長、撫恤曰育、構立曰成、圓足曰熟、資給曰養、衣被曰覆；伐功恃德非至功大德。注五條。", "count": 5, "nameSimp": "李荣注", "workSimp": "道德真经注", "authorSimp": "李荣", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "生卒不详", "descSimp": "唐初道士，以重玄遣执解《老》；此章《玄德纂疏》卷十四存注，以至道运而无壅、玄德动而不滞；约事分用，道生则理归于道、德畜则义在于德；道德恩隆于父母、功盖于天地，理当尊贵；道德虚忘自然尊贵，非由爵命；进益曰长、抚恤曰育、构立曰成、圆足曰熟、资给曰养、衣被曰覆；伐功恃德非至功大德。注五条。", "shortSimp": "李注" }, { "id": "luxisheng", "name": "陸希聲傳", "short": "陸傳", "author": "陸希聲", "work": "道德經傳", "era": "唐", "years": "？–895", "color": "#6a5a7a", "desc": "以情性說道器；此章整章一傳，以物生而後畜、畜而後形、形而後成，所由生者道、所以畜者德、形其材者事、成其用者勢；道為真精之體、德為妙物之用，體可兼用、用不可兼體；禀精謂之生、含炁謂之畜、遂形謂之長、字材謂之育、權成謂之亭、量用謂之毒、保和謂之養、護傷謂之覆；生而不執有、為而不矜恃、長而不宰制，是謂玄德；營魄章言人同於道德，此章言道德同於人。此傳據《道藏》本，本站按文義分四條。", "count": 4, "nameSimp": "陆希声传", "workSimp": "道德经传", "authorSimp": "陆希声", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "？–895", "descSimp": "以情性说道器；此章整章一传，以物生而后畜、畜而后形、形而后成，所由生者道、所以畜者德、形其材者事、成其用者势；道为真精之体、德为妙物之用，体可兼用、用不可兼体；禀精谓之生、含炁谓之畜、遂形谓之长、字材谓之育、权成谓之亭、量用谓之毒、保和谓之养、护伤谓之覆；生而不执有、为而不矜恃、长而不宰制，是谓玄德；营魄章言人同于道德，此章言道德同于人。此传据《道藏》本，本站按文义分四条。", "shortSimp": "陆传" }, { "id": "lvhuiqing", "name": "呂惠卿傳", "short": "呂傳", "author": "呂惠卿", "work": "道德真經傳", "era": "北宋", "years": "1032–1111", "color": "#7a6a4a", "desc": "此章整章一傳，以萬物之生本於无名、其畜在一而未形，无名者道、一而未形者德；及其為物則特形之，形勢皆勢之必然；勢出於形、形出於德、德出於道，道德本而形勢末，本尊末卑；莫之爵而常自然，故能以无為柔弱勝形勢剛强；生畜長育成熟養覆莫非道，而道終无名，故不有不恃不宰。此傳據《道藏》本，本站按文義分三條。", "count": 3, "nameSimp": "吕惠卿传", "workSimp": "道德真经传", "authorSimp": "吕惠卿", "eraSimp": "北宋", "yearsSimp": "1032–1111", "descSimp": "此章整章一传，以万物之生本于无名、其畜在一而未形，无名者道、一而未形者德；及其为物则特形之，形势皆势之必然；势出于形、形出于德、德出于道，道德本而形势末，本尊末卑；莫之爵而常自然，故能以无为柔弱胜形势刚强；生畜长育成熟养覆莫非道，而道终无名，故不有不恃不宰。此传据《道藏》本，本站按文义分三条。", "shortSimp": "吕传" }, { "id": "suzhe", "name": "蘇轍老子解", "short": "蘇解", "author": "蘇轍", "work": "老子解", "era": "北宋", "years": "1039–1112", "color": "#4a6a6a", "desc": "此章解三條，以道為萬物之母，運而為德、牧養群眾而不辭；道德不能自形，因物而後形見；物不能自成，積而為勢；尊道如父兄、貴德如侯王，道無位而德有名；恃爵而後尊貴者非實尊貴。此章解據《道藏》本。", "count": 3, "nameSimp": "苏辙老子解", "workSimp": "老子解", "authorSimp": "苏辙", "eraSimp": "北宋", "yearsSimp": "1039–1112", "descSimp": "此章解三条，以道为万物之母，运而为德、牧养群众而不辞；道德不能自形，因物而后形见；物不能自成，积而为势；尊道如父兄、贵德如侯王，道无位而德有名；恃爵而后尊贵者非实尊贵。此章解据《道藏》本。", "shortSimp": "苏解" }, { "id": "wucheng", "name": "吳澄道德真經注", "short": "吳注", "author": "吳澄", "work": "道德真經注", "era": "元", "years": "1249–1333", "color": "#5a6a3a", "desc": "此章自為其第四十三章；以春生、夏長、秋收、冬藏配元亨利貞，萬物生長收藏皆由道德，道尊如父、德貴如母，道德二而一，道即德、德即道；天子受命於天、諸侯受命於君，道尊德貴則非有命之者；長育申物形、成熟申勢成、養申長育、覆申成熟，覆謂反本復命；兼生長收藏皆曰玄德。注五條。", "count": 5, "nameSimp": "吴澄道德真经注", "workSimp": "道德真经注", "authorSimp": "吴澄", "eraSimp": "元", "yearsSimp": "1249–1333", "descSimp": "此章自为其第四十三章；以春生、夏长、秋收、冬藏配元亨利贞，万物生长收藏皆由道德，道尊如父、德贵如母，道德二而一，道即德、德即道；天子受命于天、诸侯受命于君，道尊德贵则非有命之者；长育申物形、成熟申势成、养申长育、覆申成熟，覆谓反本复命；兼生长收藏皆曰玄德。注五条。", "shortSimp": "吴注" }, { "id": "hanshan", "name": "憨山道德經解", "short": "憨山", "author": "釋德清", "work": "道德經解", "era": "明", "years": "1546–1623", "color": "#705a4a", "desc": "此章整章一解，以道德為萬物之本，欲人體道虚懷而造乎至德；道為天地根，非道不生、非德不畜，畜即長養；道德無形，因物以形；四時寒暑生殺之勢，春氣逼物故生、秋氣逼物故成；道無位而尊、無名而貴，非有以命之；侯王受命於天、卿相受命於君，禀命而得者可奪；體至虚故用至大，生長含育成熟覆護；生之而不自有、作為而不自恃、為萬物主而不自宰，所以為玄德。本站按文義分四條。", "count": 4, "nameSimp": "憨山道德经解", "workSimp": "道德经解", "authorSimp": "释德清", "eraSimp": "明", "yearsSimp": "1546–1623", "descSimp": "此章整章一解，以道德为万物之本，欲人体道虚怀而造乎至德；道为天地根，非道不生、非德不畜，畜即长养；道德无形，因物以形；四时寒暑生杀之势，春气逼物故生、秋气逼物故成；道无位而尊、无名而贵，非有以命之；侯王受命于天、卿相受命于君，禀命而得者可夺；体至虚故用至大，生长含育成熟覆护；生之而不自有、作为而不自恃、为万物主而不自宰，所以为玄德。本站按文义分四条。", "shortSimp": "憨山" }, { "id": "weiyuan", "name": "魏源老子本義", "short": "魏本義", "author": "魏源", "work": "老子本義", "era": "清", "years": "1794–1857", "color": "#3d5a6a", "desc": "清儒治《老》，重校勘與通義；此章為其第四十四章；校各本或無「夫」字，傅奕及開元本「命」作「爵」；「亭毒」河上作「成熟」，畢沅云亭、成、毒、熟聲義相近；「養」傅奕作「蓋」；章末案《釋文》亭訓別、平、均、調，《易·師卦》馬注毒訓治，生畜如春、長育如夏、亭毒如秋冬，勢成則養覆；諸家解「莫之命」為爵命，獨李榮謂道無心命物，於義為優。校記與案語三條。", "count": 3, "nameSimp": "魏源老子本义", "workSimp": "老子本义", "authorSimp": "魏源", "eraSimp": "清", "yearsSimp": "1794–1857", "descSimp": "清儒治《老》，重校勘与通义；此章为其第四十四章；校各本或无「夫」字，傅奕及开元本「命」作「爵」；「亭毒」河上作「成熟」，毕沅云亭、成、毒、熟声义相近；「养」傅奕作「盖」；章末案《释文》亭训别、平、均、调，《易·师卦》马注毒训治，生畜如春、长育如夏、亭毒如秋冬，势成则养覆；诸家解「莫之命」为爵命，独李荣谓道无心命物，于义为优。校记与案语三条。", "shortSimp": "魏本义" }, { "id": "wangfuzhi", "name": "船山衍", "short": "船山", "author": "王夫之", "work": "老子衍", "era": "清", "years": "1619–1692", "color": "#3f5d52", "desc": "此章衍文一段，以道既已生、既已畜且覆，而我何生何為何長；鄰人炊囷粟以自飽，彼未嘗食於我而未嘗不食於此；物者形矣、勢者成矣，灼知而不名言、順襲而不易置，天下不相知而德我，我姑不得已而德之，因萬物之不相知而謂之玄德。衍一條。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "船山衍", "workSimp": "老子衍", "authorSimp": "王夫之", "eraSimp": "清", "yearsSimp": "1619–1692", "descSimp": "此章衍文一段，以道既已生、既已畜且覆，而我何生何为何长；邻人炊囷粟以自饱，彼未尝食于我而未尝不食于此；物者形矣、势者成矣，灼知而不名言、顺袭而不易置，天下不相知而德我，我姑不得已而德之，因万物之不相知而谓之玄德。衍一条。", "shortSimp": "船山" }, { "id": "translator", "name": "本站今譯", "short": "今譯", "author": "LibreBook 編者", "work": "今譯", "era": "當代", "years": "", "color": "#8a8a8a", "desc": "編者據舊注與上下文所作語體今譯，供閱讀參照。", "count": 7, "nameSimp": "本站今译", "workSimp": "今译", "authorSimp": "LibreBook 编者", "eraSimp": "当代", "yearsSimp": "", "descSimp": "编者据旧注与上下文所作语体今译，供阅读参照。", "shortSimp": "今译" } ], "sentences": [ { "id": "s001", "paragraph": 1, "text": "道生之，德畜之，物形之，勢成之。", "textSimp": "道生之，德畜之，物形之，势成之。", "translation": "道生成万物，德畜养万物，万物各具形体，又因时势而成就。", "translationTrad": "道生成萬物，德畜養萬物，萬物各具形體，又因時勢而成就。", "noteIds": [ "c001", "c002", "c003", "c004", "c005", "c006", "c007", "c008", "c009", "c010", "c011", "c012", "c013", "c014", "c015", "c016", "c017" ], "noteCount": 17, "charNoteIds": [ "n001", "n002", "n003", "n004" ], "key": "laozi-51:s001", "n": 1 }, { "id": "s002", "paragraph": 1, "text": "是以萬物莫不尊道而貴德。", "textSimp": "是以万物莫不尊道而贵德。", "translation": "因此万物没有不尊崇道而珍视德的。", "translationTrad": "因此萬物沒有不尊崇道而珍視德的。", "noteIds": [ "c018", "c019", "c020", "c021", "c022", "c023", "c024", "c025", "c026", "c027", "c015", "c028", "c017" ], "noteCount": 13, "charNoteIds": [ "n005" ], "key": "laozi-51:s002", "n": 2 }, { "id": "s003", "paragraph": 1, "text": "道之尊，德之貴，夫莫之命而常自然。", "textSimp": "道之尊，德之贵，夫莫之命而常自然。", "translation": "道之所以尊，德之所以贵，就在于它不对万物发号施令，而常常任其自然。", "translationTrad": "道之所以尊，德之所以貴，就在於它不對萬物發號施令，而常常任其自然。", "noteIds": [ "c029", "c030", "c031", "c032", "c033", "c034", "c025", "c026", "c035", "c036", "c028", "c037", "c017" ], "noteCount": 13, "charNoteIds": [ "n006" ], "key": "laozi-51:s003", "n": 3 }, { "id": "s004", "paragraph": 1, "text": "故道生之，德畜之；", "textSimp": "故道生之，德畜之；", "translation": "所以道生成万物，德畜养万物；", "translationTrad": "所以道生成萬物，德畜養萬物；", "noteIds": [ "c038", "c039", "c040", "c041", "c042", "c043", "c044", "c045", "c046", "c047", "c017" ], "noteCount": 11, "charNoteIds": [ "n007" ], "key": "laozi-51:s004", "n": 4 }, { "id": "s005", "paragraph": 1, "text": "長之育之，亭之毒之，養之覆之。", "textSimp": "长之育之，亭之毒之，养之覆之。", "translation": "使它们成长、发育，使它们安定、成熟，使它们得到养护、庇覆。", "translationTrad": "使它們成長、發育，使它們安定、成熟，使它們得到養護、庇覆。", "noteIds": [ "c038", "c048", "c049", "c050", "c051", "c052", "c041", "c042", "c043", "c044", "c053", "c046", "c047", "c054", "c017" ], "noteCount": 15, "charNoteIds": [ "n008", "n009", "n010" ], "key": "laozi-51:s005", "n": 5 }, { "id": "s006", "paragraph": 1, "text": "生而不有，為而不恃，長而不宰。", "textSimp": "生而不有，为而不恃，长而不宰。", "translation": "生养万物却不据为己有，有所作为却不自恃有功，作为万物之长却不加以主宰。", "translationTrad": "生養萬物卻不據為己有，有所作為卻不自恃有功，作為萬物之長卻不加以主宰。", "noteIds": [ "c055", "c056", "c057", "c058", "c059", "c060", "c061", "c062", "c063", "c064", "c065", "c044", "c066", "c067", "c017" ], "noteCount": 15, "charNoteIds": [ "n011", "n012", "n013" ], "key": "laozi-51:s006", "n": 6 }, { "id": "s007", "paragraph": 1, "text": "是謂玄德。", "textSimp": "是谓玄德。", "translation": "这就叫做玄德。", "translationTrad": "這就叫做玄德。", "noteIds": [ "c068", "c069", "c070", "c071", "c065", "c044", "c066", "c067", "c017" ], "noteCount": 9, "charNoteIds": [ "n014" ], "key": "laozi-51:s007", "n": 7 } ], "commentaries": [ { "id": "c001", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "道生之", "kind": "note", "text": "道生萬物。", "authorNote": "河上公此章據四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引；河上公題「養德第五十一」。", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "textSimp": "道生万物。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）（河上公此章據四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引；河上公題「養德第五十一」。）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本，参校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "河上公此章据四部丛刊本，参校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引；河上公题「养德第五十一」。", "lemmaSimp": "道生之" }, { "id": "c002", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "德畜之", "kind": "note", "text": "德，一也。一生布氣而畜養。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "textSimp": "德，一也。一生布气而畜养。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本，参校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "lemmaSimp": "德畜之" }, { "id": "c003", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "物形之", "kind": "note", "text": "一為萬物設形像。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "textSimp": "一为万物设形像。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本，参校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "lemmaSimp": "物形之" }, { "id": "c004", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "勢成之", "kind": "note", "text": "一為萬物作寒暑之勢以成之。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "textSimp": "一为万物作寒暑之势以成之。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本，参校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "lemmaSimp": "势成之" }, { "id": "c005", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "道生之，德畜之，物形之，勢成之", "kind": "note", "text": "物生而後畜，畜而後形，形而後成。何由而生？道也；何得而畜？德也；何由而形？物也；何使而成？勢也。唯因也，故能無物而不形；唯勢也，故能無物而不成。凡物之所以生，功之所以成，皆有所由；有所由焉，則莫不由乎道也。故推而極之，亦至道也。隨其所因，故各有稱焉。", "authorNote": "王弼此章注據《道藏》本，參校魏源《老子本義》所引。", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本德經，參校魏源《老子本義》所引）", "textSimp": "物生而后畜，畜而后形，形而后成。何由而生？道也；何得而畜？德也；何由而形？物也；何使而成？势也。唯因也，故能无物而不形；唯势也，故能无物而不成。凡物之所以生，功之所以成，皆有所由；有所由焉，则莫不由乎道也。故推而极之，亦至道也。随其所因，故各有称焉。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本德經，參校魏源《老子本義》所引）（王弼此章注據《道藏》本，參校魏源《老子本義》所引。）", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》（《道藏》本德经，参校魏源《老子本义》所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "王弼此章注据《道藏》本，参校魏源《老子本义》所引。", "lemmaSimp": "道生之，德畜之，物形之，势成之" }, { "id": "c006", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "道生之，德畜之", "kind": "note", "text": "至道虚玄，通生萬物；上德慈救，畜養群品。故云道生之、德畜之也。", "authorNote": "成玄英此章疏據《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引。", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "textSimp": "至道虚玄，通生万物；上德慈救，畜养群品。故云道生之、德畜之也。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）（成玄英此章疏據《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引。）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "成玄英此章疏据《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引。", "lemmaSimp": "道生之，德畜之" }, { "id": "c007", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "物形之，勢成之", "kind": "note", "text": "物形之、勢成之：物形，言禀道而有形質，此釋道生之也；勢成，言以德化導，陶營心靈，令行業淳熟而成就也，此釋德畜之也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "textSimp": "物形之、势成之：物形，言禀道而有形质，此释道生之也；势成，言以德化导，陶营心灵，令行业淳熟而成就也，此释德畜之也。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "lemmaSimp": "物形之，势成之" }, { "id": "c008", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "物形之，勢成之", "kind": "note", "text": "道生德畜，品物流形，故云物形之。乾知坤作，兆形位者，《易繫辭》云：乾知太始，坤作成物。天地為形，上下為位，斯皆道功，寄乾坤以為用也。勢成之者，言為萬物化天時地利陰陽之勢，而物資之以成，故云勢成之。", "authorNote": "此為御注；據《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "道生德畜，品物流形，故云物形之。干知坤作，兆形位者，《易系辞》云：干知太始，坤作成物。天地为形，上下为位，斯皆道功，寄乾坤以为用也。势成之者，言为万物化天时地利阴阳之势，而物资之以成，故云势成之。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）（此為御注；據《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注；据《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引。", "lemmaSimp": "物形之，势成之" }, { "id": "c009", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "道生之，德畜之", "kind": "note", "text": "道生之者，言道降沖和之氣，陶冶萬物，物得以生，故云道生之。注云「妙本動用，降和氣」者，妙本，道也；至道降氣，為物根本，故稱妙本。德畜之者，德，得也；畜，養也。謂萬物得道用而能畜養，斯則約道畜養之處而受德名，故云德畜之。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "道生之者，言道降冲和之气，陶冶万物，物得以生，故云道生之。注云「妙本动用，降和气」者，妙本，道也；至道降气，为物根本，故称妙本。德畜之者，德，得也；畜，养也。谓万物得道用而能畜养，斯则约道畜养之处而受德名，故云德畜之。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "道生之，德畜之" }, { "id": "c010", "block": 0, "source": "yanzun", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "物形之，勢成之", "kind": "note", "text": "物形之，乾知坤作，兆形位；勢成之，寒暑相成，各得成遂也。", "authorNote": "嚴遵此章輯文據《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引；嚴遵本無章題，此章自為一篇。", "citation": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引輯文）", "textSimp": "物形之，干知坤作，兆形位；势成之，寒暑相成，各得成遂也。", "citationFull": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引輯文）（嚴遵此章輯文據《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引；嚴遵本無章題，此章自為一篇。）", "citationSimp": "严遵《道德真经指归》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引辑文）", "authorNoteSimp": "严遵此章辑文据《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引；严遵本无章题，此章自为一篇。", "lemmaSimp": "物形之，势成之" }, { "id": "c011", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "道生之，德畜之，物形之，勢成之", "kind": "note", "text": "至道運而無壅，何適而不能；玄德動而不滯，何事而不可。今約事分用，道生則理歸於道，德畜則義在於德。生畜於物，物各有形；既秀而實曰熟，生畜俱全曰成也。", "authorNote": "李榮此章注據《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引。", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "textSimp": "至道运而无壅，何适而不能；玄德动而不滞，何事而不可。今约事分用，道生则理归于道，德畜则义在于德。生畜于物，物各有形；既秀而实曰熟，生畜俱全曰成也。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）（李榮此章注據《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引。）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "李荣此章注据《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引。", "lemmaSimp": "道生之，德畜之，物形之，势成之" }, { "id": "c012", "block": 0, "source": "luxisheng", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "道生之，德畜之，物形之，勢成之", "kind": "note", "text": "夫物生而後畜，畜而後形，形而後成。其所由生者，道也；其所以畜者，德也；形其材者，事也；成其用者，勢也。", "authorNote": "陸希聲此章傳據《道藏》本，本站按文義分四條。", "citation": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "夫物生而后畜，畜而后形，形而后成。其所由生者，道也；其所以畜者，德也；形其材者，事也；成其用者，势也。", "citationFull": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本）（陸希聲此章傳據《道藏》本，本站按文義分四條。）", "citationSimp": "陆希声《道德经传》（《道藏》本）", "authorNoteSimp": "陆希声此章传据《道藏》本，本站按文义分四条。", "lemmaSimp": "道生之，德畜之，物形之，势成之" }, { "id": "c013", "block": 0, "source": "lvhuiqing", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "道生之，德畜之，物形之，勢成之", "kind": "note", "text": "萬物之生，常本於无名之物；而其畜常在於一而未形。物得以生之際，无名者，道也；一而未形，物得以生者，德也。及其為物，則特形之而已，非其所以生且畜也。已有形矣，則裸者不得不裸，鱗介羽毛者不得不鱗介羽毛，以至於幼壯老死不得不幼壯老死，皆其勢之必然也。故曰道生之，德畜之，物形之，勢成之。", "authorNote": "呂惠卿此章傳據《道藏》本，本站按文義分三條。", "citation": "呂惠卿《道德真經傳》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "万物之生，常本于无名之物；而其畜常在于一而未形。物得以生之际，无名者，道也；一而未形，物得以生者，德也。及其为物，则特形之而已，非其所以生且畜也。已有形矣，则裸者不得不裸，鳞介羽毛者不得不鳞介羽毛，以至于幼壮老死不得不幼壮老死，皆其势之必然也。故曰道生之，德畜之，物形之，势成之。", "citationFull": "呂惠卿《道德真經傳》（《道藏》本）（呂惠卿此章傳據《道藏》本，本站按文義分三條。）", "citationSimp": "吕惠卿《道德真经传》（《道藏》本）", "authorNoteSimp": "吕惠卿此章传据《道藏》本，本站按文义分三条。", "lemmaSimp": "道生之，德畜之，物形之，势成之" }, { "id": "c014", "block": 0, "source": "suzhe", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "道生之，德畜之，物形之，勢成之", "kind": "note", "text": "道者，萬物之母，故生萬物者道也。及其運而為德，牧養群眾而不辭，故畜萬物者德也。然而道德則不能自形，因物而後形見；物則不能自成，遠近相取，剛柔相交，積而為勢，而後興亡治亂之變成矣。", "authorNote": "蘇轍此章解據《道藏》本。", "citation": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "道者，万物之母，故生万物者道也。及其运而为德，牧养群众而不辞，故畜万物者德也。然而道德则不能自形，因物而后形见；物则不能自成，远近相取，刚柔相交，积而为势，而后兴亡治乱之变成矣。", "citationFull": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本）（蘇轍此章解據《道藏》本。）", "citationSimp": "苏辙《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "authorNoteSimp": "苏辙此章解据《道藏》本。", "lemmaSimp": "道生之，德畜之，物形之，势成之" }, { "id": "c015", "block": 0, "source": "wucheng", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "道生之，德畜之，物形之，勢成之", "kind": "note", "text": "生之者，萌動而生之於春，萬物資始之元也；畜之者，止聚而收之於秋，保合大和之利也；形之者，因春生之物長之於夏，以盛大其形，品物流形之亨也；成之者，乘秋收之勢藏之於冬，以成完其實，各正性命之貞也。萬物生長收藏皆由乎道德，故萬物之於道也尊之如父，於德也貴之如母。道德二而一者也。春生者方自一本而散，故曰道生之，然道即德也；秋收者將自萬殊而歛，故曰德畜之，然德即道也。", "authorNote": "吳澄此章注據《道藏》本；吳澄以此章為其第四十三章。", "citation": "吳澄《道德真經注》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "生之者，萌动而生之于春，万物资始之元也；畜之者，止聚而收之于秋，保合大和之利也；形之者，因春生之物长之于夏，以盛大其形，品物流形之亨也；成之者，乘秋收之势藏之于冬，以成完其实，各正性命之贞也。万物生长收藏皆由乎道德，故万物之于道也尊之如父，于德也贵之如母。道德二而一者也。春生者方自一本而散，故曰道生之，然道即德也；秋收者将自万殊而歛，故曰德畜之，然德即道也。", "citationFull": "吳澄《道德真經注》（《道藏》本）（吳澄此章注據《道藏》本；吳澄以此章為其第四十三章。）", "citationSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》（《道藏》本）", "authorNoteSimp": "吴澄此章注据《道藏》本；吴澄以此章为其第四十三章。", "lemmaSimp": "道生之，德畜之，物形之，势成之" }, { "id": "c016", "block": 0, "source": "hanshan", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "道生之，德畜之，物形之，勢成之", "kind": "note", "text": "此言道德為萬物之本，欲人體道虚懷，而造乎至德也。然道為天地根，故萬物非道不生；且道但能生之而已，然非德不畜。畜，長養也，如陽和之氣，含有而培養之，皆其德也。故道德無形，乃因物以形。形，猶見也。苟不知道德之大，但即物而觀，可知已。故曰物形之。且道之生物，唯一氣流行，苟無四時寒暑之序、生殺之勢，則雖生之畜之，而亦不能成熟之也。所以成萬物者，又因其勢也。勢者，凌逼之意，若夫春氣逼物，故物不得不生；秋氣逼物，故物不得不成。此其皆以勢成之也。", "authorNote": "憨山此章解據公開轉錄本，本站按文義分四條。", "citation": "釋德清《道德經解》（公開轉錄本）", "textSimp": "此言道德为万物之本，欲人体道虚怀，而造乎至德也。然道为天地根，故万物非道不生；且道但能生之而已，然非德不畜。畜，长养也，如阳和之气，含有而培养之，皆其德也。故道德无形，乃因物以形。形，犹见也。苟不知道德之大，但即物而观，可知已。故曰物形之。且道之生物，唯一气流行，苟无四时寒暑之序、生杀之势，则虽生之畜之，而亦不能成熟之也。所以成万物者，又因其势也。势者，凌逼之意，若夫春气逼物，故物不得不生；秋气逼物，故物不得不成。此其皆以势成之也。", "citationFull": "釋德清《道德經解》（公開轉錄本）（憨山此章解據公開轉錄本，本站按文義分四條。）", "citationSimp": "释德清《道德经解》（公开转录本）", "authorNoteSimp": "憨山此章解据公开转录本，本站按文义分四条。", "lemmaSimp": "道生之，德畜之，物形之，势成之" }, { "id": "c017", "block": 0, "source": "wangfuzhi", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s007" }, "lemma": "道生之，德畜之", "kind": "note", "text": "道既已生矣，而我何生？道既已畜，且覆之矣，而我何為？而我何長？鄰之人炊其囷粟以自飽，施施然曰我食之，夫誰信哉？乃彼未嘗食於我，而未嘗不食於此也。我唯灼而知之，順而襲之，天下不相知而德我，我姑不得已而德之。物者形矣，勢者成矣。雖灼知之，不名言之；雖順襲之，不易置之；雖德我者不相知，終古而信之；亦可因萬物之不相知也，而謂之玄德矣。", "authorNote": "王夫之此章衍據公開轉錄本，本站按文義分一條，通釋全章。", "citation": "王夫之《老子衍》（公開轉錄本）", "textSimp": "道既已生矣，而我何生？道既已畜，且覆之矣，而我何为？而我何长？邻之人炊其囷粟以自饱，施施然曰我食之，夫谁信哉？乃彼未尝食于我，而未尝不食于此也。我唯灼而知之，顺而袭之，天下不相知而德我，我姑不得已而德之。物者形矣，势者成矣。虽灼知之，不名言之；虽顺袭之，不易置之；虽德我者不相知，终古而信之；亦可因万物之不相知也，而谓之玄德矣。", "citationFull": "王夫之《老子衍》（公開轉錄本）（王夫之此章衍據公開轉錄本，本站按文義分一條，通釋全章。）", "citationSimp": "王夫之《老子衍》（公开转录本）", "authorNoteSimp": "王夫之此章衍据公开转录本，本站按文义分一条，通释全章。", "lemmaSimp": "道生之，德畜之" }, { "id": "c018", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "是以萬物莫不尊道而貴德", "kind": "note", "text": "道德所為，無不盡敬，動而尊敬之。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "textSimp": "道德所为，无不尽敬，动而尊敬之。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本，参校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "lemmaSimp": "是以万物莫不尊道而贵德" }, { "id": "c019", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "是以萬物莫不尊道而貴德", "kind": "note", "text": "道者，物之所由也；德者，物之所得也。由之乃得，故不得不尊；失之則害，故不得不貴也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本德經，參校魏源《老子本義》所引）", "textSimp": "道者，物之所由也；德者，物之所得也。由之乃得，故不得不尊；失之则害，故不得不贵也。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本德經，參校魏源《老子本義》所引）", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》（《道藏》本德经，参校魏源《老子本义》所引）", "lemmaSimp": "是以万物莫不尊道而贵德" }, { "id": "c020", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "是以萬物莫不尊道而貴德", "kind": "note", "text": "道德育覆，具如前旨；蒼生荷賴，日用不知，是以勸示令其崇尚。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "textSimp": "道德育覆，具如前旨；苍生荷赖，日用不知，是以劝示令其崇尚。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "lemmaSimp": "是以万物莫不尊道而贵德" }, { "id": "c021", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "是以萬物莫不尊道而貴德", "kind": "note", "text": "萬物由道德以生畜，故尊貴之也。以道有生畜之功，故凡厥懷生，莫不尊尚於道、敬重於德，此勸示眾生令敦本而崇道也。夫世之尊榮，必由人君爵命然後為尊；今道之所以尊、德之所以貴，蓋以生成備物耳。", "authorNote": "此為御注。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "万物由道德以生畜，故尊贵之也。以道有生畜之功，故凡厥怀生，莫不尊尚于道、敬重于德，此劝示众生令敦本而崇道也。夫世之尊荣，必由人君爵命然后为尊；今道之所以尊、德之所以贵，盖以生成备物耳。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）（此為御注。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注。", "lemmaSimp": "是以万物莫不尊道而贵德" }, { "id": "c022", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "是以萬物莫不尊道而貴德", "kind": "note", "text": "以道德有生畜之功，故凡厥懷生，莫不尊尚於道、敬重於德，此勸示眾生合敦本而崇道也。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "以道德有生畜之功，故凡厥怀生，莫不尊尚于道、敬重于德，此劝示众生合敦本而崇道也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "是以万物莫不尊道而贵德" }, { "id": "c023", "block": 0, "source": "yanzun", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "是以萬物莫不尊道而貴德", "kind": "note", "text": "萬物由道德以生畜，故尊貴也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引輯文）", "textSimp": "万物由道德以生畜，故尊贵也。", "citationFull": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引輯文）", "citationSimp": "严遵《道德真经指归》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引辑文）", "lemmaSimp": "是以万物莫不尊道而贵德" }, { "id": "c024", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "是以萬物莫不尊道而貴德", "kind": "note", "text": "父母所生，天地覆載，誠可尊也；今道德恩隆於父母，功蓋於天地，理當尊貴。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "textSimp": "父母所生，天地覆载，诚可尊也；今道德恩隆于父母，功盖于天地，理当尊贵。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "lemmaSimp": "是以万物莫不尊道而贵德" }, { "id": "c025", "block": 0, "source": "luxisheng", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "是以萬物莫不尊道而貴德", "kind": "note", "text": "萬物以能生故尊道，以能畜故貴德。道德以生畜之故，自然為萬物所仰，豈有授之爵位而後見尊貴哉？", "authorNote": "", "citation": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "万物以能生故尊道，以能畜故贵德。道德以生畜之故，自然为万物所仰，岂有授之爵位而后见尊贵哉？", "citationFull": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "陆希声《道德经传》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "是以万物莫不尊道而贵德" }, { "id": "c026", "block": 0, "source": "lvhuiqing", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "是以萬物莫不尊道而貴德", "kind": "note", "text": "然則勢出於形，形出於德，德出於道，道德本也，形勢末也。本尊而末卑，本貴而末賤，是以萬物莫不尊道而貴德。道之尊，德之貴，夫莫之爵而常自然，此其所以能以无為之柔弱而勝形勢之剛强，則王侯之所以賓化萬物者，在此而不在彼也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "呂惠卿《道德真經傳》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "然则势出于形，形出于德，德出于道，道德本也，形势末也。本尊而末卑，本贵而末贱，是以万物莫不尊道而贵德。道之尊，德之贵，夫莫之爵而常自然，此其所以能以无为之柔弱而胜形势之刚强，则王侯之所以宾化万物者，在此而不在彼也。", "citationFull": "呂惠卿《道德真經傳》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "吕惠卿《道德真经传》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "是以万物莫不尊道而贵德" }, { "id": "c027", "block": 0, "source": "suzhe", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "是以萬物莫不尊道而貴德", "kind": "note", "text": "形雖由物，成雖由勢，而非道不生，非德不畜，是以尊道而貴德。尊如父兄，貴如侯王，道無位而德有名故也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "形虽由物，成虽由势，而非道不生，非德不畜，是以尊道而贵德。尊如父兄，贵如侯王，道无位而德有名故也。", "citationFull": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "苏辙《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "是以万物莫不尊道而贵德" }, { "id": "c028", "block": 0, "source": "hanshan", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "是以萬物莫不尊道而貴德", "kind": "note", "text": "觀其成物之功，故知其道無位而尊，無名而貴。所以如此尊貴者，乃道體之自然，又非有以命之者，故曰莫之命而常自然。若侯王之尊，則受命於天；卿相之貴，則受命於君。故凡禀命而得之者，亦可奪而失之也，豈常然耶？以道德乃天然尊貴，故莫之命而常自然耳。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "釋德清《道德經解》（公開轉錄本）", "textSimp": "观其成物之功，故知其道无位而尊，无名而贵。所以如此尊贵者，乃道体之自然，又非有以命之者，故曰莫之命而常自然。若侯王之尊，则受命于天；卿相之贵，则受命于君。故凡禀命而得之者，亦可夺而失之也，岂常然耶？以道德乃天然尊贵，故莫之命而常自然耳。", "citationFull": "釋德清《道德經解》（公開轉錄本）", "citationSimp": "释德清《道德经解》（公开转录本）", "lemmaSimp": "是以万物莫不尊道而贵德" }, { "id": "c029", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "夫莫之命而常自然", "kind": "note", "text": "道一不命召萬物，而常自然應之如影響。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "textSimp": "道一不命召万物，而常自然应之如影响。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本，参校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "lemmaSimp": "夫莫之命而常自然" }, { "id": "c030", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "夫莫之命而常自然", "kind": "note", "text": "世上尊榮，必須品秩，所以非久；而道德尊貴，無關爵命，故常自然。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "textSimp": "世上尊荣，必须品秩，所以非久；而道德尊贵，无关爵命，故常自然。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "lemmaSimp": "夫莫之命而常自然" }, { "id": "c031", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "夫莫之命而常自然", "kind": "note", "text": "言道德之尊貴，非假爵命，但生成之功被物，而常自然貴爾。", "authorNote": "此為御注。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "言道德之尊贵，非假爵命，但生成之功被物，而常自然贵尔。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）（此為御注。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注。", "lemmaSimp": "夫莫之命而常自然" }, { "id": "c032", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "夫莫之命而常自然", "kind": "note", "text": "夫代之尊榮者，必由人君爵命然後為尊。今道之所以尊、德之所以貴者，蓋以生成之功被物，故物尊貴之，非假爵命而常自然貴爾。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "夫代之尊荣者，必由人君爵命然后为尊。今道之所以尊、德之所以贵者，盖以生成之功被物，故物尊贵之，非假爵命而常自然贵尔。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "夫莫之命而常自然" }, { "id": "c033", "block": 0, "source": "yanzun", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "夫莫之命而常自然", "kind": "note", "text": "言道德之尊貴，非假爵命，但生成被物，自然尊貴。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引輯文）", "textSimp": "言道德之尊贵，非假爵命，但生成被物，自然尊贵。", "citationFull": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引輯文）", "citationSimp": "严遵《道德真经指归》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引辑文）", "lemmaSimp": "夫莫之命而常自然" }, { "id": "c034", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "夫莫之命而常自然", "kind": "note", "text": "道德虚忘，自然尊貴，非由爵命方見敬重也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "textSimp": "道德虚忘，自然尊贵，非由爵命方见敬重也。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "lemmaSimp": "夫莫之命而常自然" }, { "id": "c035", "block": 0, "source": "suzhe", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "夫莫之命而常自然", "kind": "note", "text": "恃爵而後尊貴者，非實尊貴也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "恃爵而后尊贵者，非实尊贵也。", "citationFull": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "苏辙《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "夫莫之命而常自然" }, { "id": "c036", "block": 0, "source": "wucheng", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "夫莫之命而常自然", "kind": "note", "text": "人之尊貴，必或命之：天子之尊，以上帝命之而後尊；諸侯之貴，天子命之而後貴。道尊德貴，則非有命之者，而萬物常自如此尊貴之也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "吳澄《道德真經注》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "人之尊贵，必或命之：天子之尊，以上帝命之而后尊；诸侯之贵，天子命之而后贵。道尊德贵，则非有命之者，而万物常自如此尊贵之也。", "citationFull": "吳澄《道德真經注》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "夫莫之命而常自然" }, { "id": "c037", "block": 0, "source": "weiyuan", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "夫莫之命而常自然", "kind": "note", "text": "各本或無「夫」字。傅奕及開元本，「命」作「爵」。", "authorNote": "魏源此章校記與案語據《老子本義》下篇；魏源以此章為其第四十四章。", "citation": "魏源《老子本義》（下篇，公開轉錄本）", "textSimp": "各本或无「夫」字。傅奕及开元本，「命」作「爵」。", "citationFull": "魏源《老子本義》（下篇，公開轉錄本）（魏源此章校記與案語據《老子本義》下篇；魏源以此章為其第四十四章。）", "citationSimp": "魏源《老子本义》（下篇，公开转录本）", "authorNoteSimp": "魏源此章校记与案语据《老子本义》下篇；魏源以此章为其第四十四章。", "lemmaSimp": "夫莫之命而常自然" }, { "id": "c038", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "故道生之，德畜之", "kind": "note", "text": "道之於萬物，非但生之而已，乃復長養成熟覆育，全其性命。人君治國治身，亦當如之。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "textSimp": "道之于万物，非但生之而已，乃复长养成熟复育，全其性命。人君治国治身，亦当如之。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本，参校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "lemmaSimp": "故道生之，德畜之" }, { "id": "c039", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "故道生之，德畜之", "kind": "note", "text": "重疊前文以生後句，而直舉道不言德者，明德不異道而文略也。故《西升經》云：道德混沌，玄妙同也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "textSimp": "重叠前文以生后句，而直举道不言德者，明德不异道而文略也。故《西升经》云：道德混沌，玄妙同也。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "lemmaSimp": "故道生之，德畜之" }, { "id": "c040", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "故道生之，德畜之", "kind": "note", "text": "此覆結初章道生之義也。始之為生，養之為畜。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "此覆结初章道生之义也。始之为生，养之为畜。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "故道生之，德畜之" }, { "id": "c041", "block": 0, "source": "yanzun", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "故道生之，德畜之", "kind": "note", "text": "生畜則覆結首兩句，增進曰長，字撫曰育，輔相曰成，遂終曰熟，資給曰養，廕庇曰覆。此八者皆道德之功用也，故尊貴之。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引輯文）", "textSimp": "生畜则覆结首两句，增进曰长，字抚曰育，辅相曰成，遂终曰熟，资给曰养，荫庇曰覆。此八者皆道德之功用也，故尊贵之。", "citationFull": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引輯文）", "citationSimp": "严遵《道德真经指归》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引辑文）", "lemmaSimp": "故道生之，德畜之" }, { "id": "c042", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "故道生之，德畜之", "kind": "note", "text": "此廣明道德生畜之義也。進益曰長，撫恤曰育，構立曰成，圓足曰熟，資給曰養，衣被曰覆也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "textSimp": "此广明道德生畜之义也。进益曰长，抚恤曰育，构立曰成，圆足曰熟，资给曰养，衣被曰覆也。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "lemmaSimp": "故道生之，德畜之" }, { "id": "c043", "block": 0, "source": "luxisheng", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "故道生之，德畜之", "kind": "note", "text": "然道者，真精之體；德者，妙物之用。體可以兼用，用不可以兼體；道可以兼德，德不可以兼道。故禀其精謂之生，含其炁謂之畜，遂其形謂之長，字其材謂之育，權其成謂之亭，量其用謂之毒，保其和謂之養，護其傷謂之覆，此之謂大道。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "然道者，真精之体；德者，妙物之用。体可以兼用，用不可以兼体；道可以兼德，德不可以兼道。故禀其精谓之生，含其炁谓之畜，遂其形谓之长，字其材谓之育，权其成谓之亭，量其用谓之毒，保其和谓之养，护其伤谓之覆，此之谓大道。", "citationFull": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "陆希声《道德经传》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "故道生之，德畜之" }, { "id": "c044", "block": 0, "source": "lvhuiqing", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s007" }, "lemma": "故道生之，德畜之", "kind": "note", "text": "然則雖曰道生之、德畜之、物形之、勢成之，至本而言之，則生之畜之、長之育之、成之熟之、養之覆之，莫非道也，而道終无名焉。故曰生而不有，為而不恃，長而不宰，是謂玄德。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "呂惠卿《道德真經傳》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "然则虽曰道生之、德畜之、物形之、势成之，至本而言之，则生之畜之、长之育之、成之熟之、养之覆之，莫非道也，而道终无名焉。故曰生而不有，为而不恃，长而不宰，是谓玄德。", "citationFull": "呂惠卿《道德真經傳》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "吕惠卿《道德真经传》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "故道生之，德畜之" }, { "id": "c045", "block": 0, "source": "wucheng", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "故道生之，德畜之", "kind": "note", "text": "上章言道生之、德畜之，此但曰道而不言德，德亦道也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "吳澄《道德真經注》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "上章言道生之、德畜之，此但曰道而不言德，德亦道也。", "citationFull": "吳澄《道德真經注》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "故道生之，德畜之" }, { "id": "c046", "block": 0, "source": "hanshan", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "故道生之，德畜之", "kind": "note", "text": "所以常然而不失者，以其體至虚，故其用至大。所以萬物賴之以生長之；既生長而又含育之；既育而又成熟之；既成熟而又愛養以覆護之。此所謂成始成終，而道德之量何如耶？", "authorNote": "", "citation": "釋德清《道德經解》（公開轉錄本）", "textSimp": "所以常然而不失者，以其体至虚，故其用至大。所以万物赖之以生长之；既生长而又含育之；既育而又成熟之；既成熟而又爱养以覆护之。此所谓成始成终，而道德之量何如耶？", "citationFull": "釋德清《道德經解》（公開轉錄本）", "citationSimp": "释德清《道德经解》（公开转录本）", "lemmaSimp": "故道生之，德畜之" }, { "id": "c047", "block": 0, "source": "weiyuan", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "故道生之，德畜之", "kind": "note", "text": "源案：《釋文》云：亭，別也，平也，均也，調也。《易·師卦》馬氏注：毒，治也。蓋生之畜之者如春，長之育之而物以形者如夏，亭之毒之而勢以成者如秋冬，勢既成則養之覆之而已。諸家解「莫之命」為爵命，獨李氏謂道無心命物，於義為優。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "魏源《老子本義》（下篇，公開轉錄本）", "textSimp": "源案：《释文》云：亭，别也，平也，均也，调也。《易·师卦》马氏注：毒，治也。盖生之畜之者如春，长之育之而物以形者如夏，亭之毒之而势以成者如秋冬，势既成则养之覆之而已。诸家解「莫之命」为爵命，独李氏谓道无心命物，于义为优。", "citationFull": "魏源《老子本義》（下篇，公開轉錄本）", "citationSimp": "魏源《老子本义》（下篇，公开转录本）", "lemmaSimp": "故道生之，德畜之" }, { "id": "c048", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "長之育之，亭之毒之，養之覆之", "kind": "note", "text": "謂成其實，各得其庇蔭，不傷其體矣。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本德經，參校魏源《老子本義》所引）", "textSimp": "谓成其实，各得其庇荫，不伤其体矣。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本德經，參校魏源《老子本義》所引）", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》（《道藏》本德经，参校魏源《老子本义》所引）", "lemmaSimp": "长之育之，亭之毒之，养之覆之" }, { "id": "c049", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "長之育之", "kind": "note", "text": "長之謂增其善芽，育之謂進其功行也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "textSimp": "长之谓增其善芽，育之谓进其功行也。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "lemmaSimp": "长之育之" }, { "id": "c050", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "亭之毒之", "kind": "note", "text": "以無上妙法瑩飾物心，令其道果成就、德業淳熟，此猶是疊前語以生後文也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "textSimp": "以无上妙法莹饰物心，令其道果成就、德业淳熟，此犹是叠前语以生后文也。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "lemmaSimp": "亭之毒之" }, { "id": "c051", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "養之覆之", "kind": "note", "text": "養之謂酬其果報，覆之謂廕以大慈也。以上四雙明利物之德，以下三句明能遣其功也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "textSimp": "养之谓酬其果报，覆之谓荫以大慈也。以上四双明利物之德，以下三句明能遣其功也。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "lemmaSimp": "养之覆之" }, { "id": "c052", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "長之育之，亭之毒之，養之覆之", "kind": "note", "text": "增進曰長，安撫曰育。輔相曰成，遂終曰熟。資給曰養，蔭庇曰覆。八者皆道德功用之謂，所以萬物尊而貴之。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "增进曰长，安抚曰育。辅相曰成，遂终曰熟。资给曰养，荫庇曰覆。八者皆道德功用之谓，所以万物尊而贵之。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "长之育之，亭之毒之，养之覆之" }, { "id": "c053", "block": 0, "source": "wucheng", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "長之育之，亭之毒之，養之覆之", "kind": "note", "text": "長育，申言物形之也；成熟，申言勢成之也；養，申言長育；覆，申言成熟。覆謂反本復命也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "吳澄《道德真經注》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "长育，申言物形之也；成熟，申言势成之也；养，申言长育；覆，申言成熟。覆谓反本复命也。", "citationFull": "吳澄《道德真經注》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "长之育之，亭之毒之，养之覆之" }, { "id": "c054", "block": 0, "source": "weiyuan", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "長之育之，亭之毒之，養之覆之", "kind": "note", "text": "亭毒，河上作成熟。畢沅曰：亭、成、毒、熟，聲義相近。養，傅奕作蓋。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "魏源《老子本義》（下篇，公開轉錄本）", "textSimp": "亭毒，河上作成熟。毕沅曰：亭、成、毒、熟，声义相近。养，傅奕作盖。", "citationFull": "魏源《老子本義》（下篇，公開轉錄本）", "citationSimp": "魏源《老子本义》（下篇，公开转录本）", "lemmaSimp": "长之育之，亭之毒之，养之覆之" }, { "id": "c055", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s006", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "生而不有", "kind": "note", "text": "道生萬物，不有所取以為利。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "textSimp": "道生万物，不有所取以为利。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本，参校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "lemmaSimp": "生而不有" }, { "id": "c056", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s006", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "為而不恃", "kind": "note", "text": "道所施為，不恃望其報。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "textSimp": "道所施为，不恃望其报。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本，参校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "lemmaSimp": "为而不恃" }, { "id": "c057", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s006", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "長而不宰", "kind": "note", "text": "道長養萬物，不宰割以為利。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "textSimp": "道长养万物，不宰割以为利。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本，参校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "lemmaSimp": "长而不宰" }, { "id": "c058", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s006", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "生而不有", "kind": "note", "text": "雖復能生萬物，實無物之可生；芻狗群情，故即生而不有。有既有而不有，生亦不生而生，此遣道生之也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "textSimp": "虽复能生万物，实无物之可生；刍狗群情，故即生而不有。有既有而不有，生亦不生而生，此遣道生之也。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "lemmaSimp": "生而不有" }, { "id": "c059", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s006", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "為而不恃", "kind": "note", "text": "既生成萬物，不有其生；施為法教，於何可恃？此遣德畜之也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "textSimp": "既生成万物，不有其生；施为法教，于何可恃？此遣德畜之也。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "lemmaSimp": "为而不恃" }, { "id": "c060", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s006", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "長而不宰", "kind": "note", "text": "長養蒼生，功侔造化，而能所俱幻，誰其宰乎？此遣長之等四雙也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "textSimp": "长养苍生，功侔造化，而能所俱幻，谁其宰乎？此遣长之等四双也。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "lemmaSimp": "长而不宰" }, { "id": "c061", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s006", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "生而不有，為而不恃，長而不宰", "kind": "note", "text": "生而不有，為而不恃，長而不宰，是謂玄德，具如載營魄章所釋。彼章言人修如道，此明道用同人。", "authorNote": "此為御注。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "生而不有，为而不恃，长而不宰，是谓玄德，具如载营魄章所释。彼章言人修如道，此明道用同人。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）（此為御注。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注。", "lemmaSimp": "生而不有，为而不恃，长而不宰" }, { "id": "c062", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s006", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "為而不恃", "kind": "note", "text": "德之為養，不見有物之可為，不恃其功，結上德畜之之義。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "德之为养，不见有物之可为，不恃其功，结上德畜之之义。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "为而不恃" }, { "id": "c063", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s006", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "長而不宰", "kind": "note", "text": "以道德忘生畜之功，故雖居萬物之長，長育成熟而不為主宰責望於物。言此者，欲令人君法道生育而忘其功爾。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "以道德忘生畜之功，故虽居万物之长，长育成熟而不为主宰责望于物。言此者，欲令人君法道生育而忘其功尔。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "长而不宰" }, { "id": "c064", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s006", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "生而不有，為而不恃，長而不宰", "kind": "note", "text": "夫伐其功者非至功也，恃其德者非大德也；今既生長不恃不宰，深妙之德也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "textSimp": "夫伐其功者非至功也，恃其德者非大德也；今既生长不恃不宰，深妙之德也。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "lemmaSimp": "生而不有，为而不恃，长而不宰" }, { "id": "c065", "block": 0, "source": "luxisheng", "target": { "start": "s006", "end": "s007" }, "lemma": "生而不有，為而不恃，長而不宰", "kind": "note", "text": "既生之而不執有，既為之而不矜恃，既長之而不宰制，此之謂玄德。營魄章言人同於道德，今此章言道德同於人，是以其辭同而其理通也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "既生之而不执有，既为之而不矜恃，既长之而不宰制，此之谓玄德。营魄章言人同于道德，今此章言道德同于人，是以其辞同而其理通也。", "citationFull": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "陆希声《道德经传》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "生而不有，为而不恃，长而不宰" }, { "id": "c066", "block": 0, "source": "wucheng", "target": { "start": "s006", "end": "s007" }, "lemma": "生而不有，為而不恃，長而不宰", "kind": "note", "text": "生生之而形之也，為畜之而成之也。不有，無生之之心；不恃，無為之之事。如無思無為之君長，雖長之而非有心有事於宰制也。此兼生長收藏四者皆曰玄德而不言道，道亦德也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "吳澄《道德真經注》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "生生之而形之也，为畜之而成之也。不有，无生之之心；不恃，无为之之事。如无思无为之君长，虽长之而非有心有事于宰制也。此兼生长收藏四者皆曰玄德而不言道，道亦德也。", "citationFull": "吳澄《道德真經注》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "生而不有，为而不恃，长而不宰" }, { "id": "c067", "block": 0, "source": "hanshan", "target": { "start": "s006", "end": "s007" }, "lemma": "生而不有，為而不恃，長而不宰", "kind": "note", "text": "且如此生之，生生不已，而不自有其生；如此作為，以成熟之，而不自恃其為；雖為萬物之主，而不自以為宰。所以為玄德也。是故君天下者，貴乎體道虚懷，而造乎德之至也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "釋德清《道德經解》（公開轉錄本）", "textSimp": "且如此生之，生生不已，而不自有其生；如此作为，以成熟之，而不自恃其为；虽为万物之主，而不自以为宰。所以为玄德也。是故君天下者，贵乎体道虚怀，而造乎德之至也。", "citationFull": "釋德清《道德經解》（公開轉錄本）", "citationSimp": "释德清《道德经解》（公开转录本）", "lemmaSimp": "生而不有，为而不恃，长而不宰" }, { "id": "c068", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s007", "end": "s007" }, "lemma": "是謂玄德", "kind": "note", "text": "道之所行恩德，玄闇不可得見。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "textSimp": "道之所行恩德，玄暗不可得见。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本，参校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "lemmaSimp": "是谓玄德" }, { "id": "c069", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s007", "end": "s007" }, "lemma": "是謂玄德", "kind": "note", "text": "有德而不知其主也，出乎幽冥，故謂之玄德也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本德經，參校魏源《老子本義》所引）", "textSimp": "有德而不知其主也，出乎幽冥，故谓之玄德也。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本德經，參校魏源《老子本義》所引）", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》（《道藏》本德经，参校魏源《老子本义》所引）", "lemmaSimp": "是谓玄德" }, { "id": "c070", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s007", "end": "s007" }, "lemma": "是謂玄德", "kind": "note", "text": "是則指於上句，謂則言及下文。玄者，深遠之名；德以證護為義，指前體道之士利物忘功，以法聖人，可謂玄德。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "textSimp": "是则指于上句，谓则言及下文。玄者，深远之名；德以证护为义，指前体道之士利物忘功，以法圣人，可谓玄德。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "lemmaSimp": "是谓玄德" }, { "id": "c071", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s007", "end": "s007" }, "lemma": "是謂玄德", "kind": "note", "text": "此嘆忘之也。玄者，深遠不測之名也。大道雖能生能畜，而終不恃不宰，德施周普而名迹不彰，豈非深遠不測之德乎？", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "此叹忘之也。玄者，深远不测之名也。大道虽能生能畜，而终不恃不宰，德施周普而名迹不彰，岂非深远不测之德乎？", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "是谓玄德" } ], "charNotes": [ { "id": "n001", "sentenceId": "s001", "start": 0, "end": 3, "char": "道生之", "charSimp": "道生之", "startSimp": 0, "endSimp": 3, "pinyin": "dào shēng zhī", "gloss": "道生成萬物。", "glossSimp": "道生成万物。", "general": "河上公謂道生萬物；王弼謂生由於道；成玄英謂至道虚玄、通生萬物；唐玄宗謂道降沖和之氣、陶冶萬物；李榮謂道生則理歸於道。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓道生万物；王弼谓生由于道；成玄英谓至道虚玄、通生万物；唐玄宗谓道降冲和之气、陶冶万物；李荣谓道生则理归于道。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c001", "c005", "c006", "c008", "c011", "c016" ], "refsSimp": [ "c001", "c005", "c006", "c008", "c011", "c016" ] }, { "id": "n002", "sentenceId": "s001", "start": 4, "end": 7, "char": "德畜之", "charSimp": "德畜之", "startSimp": 4, "endSimp": 7, "pinyin": "dé xù zhī", "gloss": "德畜養萬物；畜，養也。", "glossSimp": "德畜养万物；畜，养也。", "general": "河上公謂德一布氣而畜養；王弼謂畜由於德；成玄英謂上德慈救、畜養群品；唐玄宗謂德得也、畜養也；吳澄謂秋收而畜之。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓德一布气而畜养；王弼谓畜由于德；成玄英谓上德慈救、畜养群品；唐玄宗谓德得也、畜养也；吴澄谓秋收而畜之。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c002", "c005", "c007", "c009", "c012", "c015" ], "refsSimp": [ "c002", "c005", "c007", "c009", "c012", "c015" ] }, { "id": "n003", "sentenceId": "s001", "start": 8, "end": 11, "char": "物形之", "charSimp": "物形之", "startSimp": 8, "endSimp": 11, "pinyin": "wù xíng zhī", "gloss": "萬物各具形體。", "glossSimp": "万物各具形体。", "general": "河上公謂一為萬物設形像；王弼謂形由於物；成玄英謂禀道而有形質；唐玄宗謂品物流形、乾知坤作；李榮謂生畜於物、物各有形。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓一为万物设形像；王弼谓形由于物；成玄英谓禀道而有形质；唐玄宗谓品物流形、干知坤作；李荣谓生畜于物、物各有形。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c003", "c005", "c007", "c008", "c010", "c013" ], "refsSimp": [ "c003", "c005", "c007", "c008", "c010", "c013" ] }, { "id": "n004", "sentenceId": "s001", "start": 12, "end": 15, "char": "勢成之", "charSimp": "势成之", "startSimp": 12, "endSimp": 15, "pinyin": "shì chéng zhī", "gloss": "因時勢而成就。", "glossSimp": "因时势而成就。", "general": "河上公謂作寒暑之勢以成之；成玄英謂以德化導、令行業淳熟；唐玄宗謂天時地利陰陽之勢；嚴遵謂寒暑相成、各得成遂；陸希聲謂成其用者勢。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓作寒暑之势以成之；成玄英谓以德化导、令行业淳熟；唐玄宗谓天时地利阴阳之势；严遵谓寒暑相成、各得成遂；陆希声谓成其用者势。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c004", "c005", "c007", "c008", "c010", "c013" ], "refsSimp": [ "c004", "c005", "c007", "c008", "c010", "c013" ] }, { "id": "n005", "sentenceId": "s002", "start": 6, "end": 11, "char": "尊道而貴德", "charSimp": "尊道而贵德", "startSimp": 6, "endSimp": 11, "pinyin": "zūn dào ér guì dé", "gloss": "尊崇道、珍視德。", "glossSimp": "尊崇道、珍视德。", "general": "河上公謂道德所為無不盡敬；王弼謂由之乃得故尊、失之則害故貴；唐玄宗謂道德有生畜之功；蘇轍謂尊如父兄、貴如侯王。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓道德所为无不尽敬；王弼谓由之乃得故尊、失之则害故贵；唐玄宗谓道德有生畜之功；苏辙谓尊如父兄、贵如侯王。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c018", "c019", "c020", "c021", "c023", "c027" ], "refsSimp": [ "c018", "c019", "c020", "c021", "c023", "c027" ] }, { "id": "n006", "sentenceId": "s003", "start": 9, "end": 12, "char": "莫之命", "charSimp": "莫之命", "startSimp": 9, "endSimp": 12, "pinyin": "mò zhī mìng", "gloss": "不加以命令；一作「莫之爵」，謂不授爵位。", "glossSimp": "不加以命令；一作「莫之爵」，谓不授爵位。", "general": "王弼謂「命」並作「爵」；河上公謂道不命召萬物；唐玄宗謂非假爵命；蘇轍謂恃爵而後尊貴者非實尊貴；魏源校開元本「命」作「爵」。", "generalSimp": "王弼谓「命」并作「爵」；河上公谓道不命召万物；唐玄宗谓非假爵命；苏辙谓恃爵而后尊贵者非实尊贵；魏源校开元本「命」作「爵」。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c029", "c031", "c033", "c035", "c036", "c037" ], "refsSimp": [ "c029", "c031", "c033", "c035", "c036", "c037" ] }, { "id": "n007", "sentenceId": "s004", "start": 0, "end": 4, "char": "故道生之", "charSimp": "故道生之", "startSimp": 0, "endSimp": 4, "pinyin": "gù dào shēng zhī", "gloss": "所以道生成萬物。", "glossSimp": "所以道生成万物。", "general": "河上公謂道非但生之、乃復長養成熟；成玄英謂重疊前文、直舉道不言德；唐玄宗謂始之為生、養之為畜；吳澄謂但曰道而不言德、德亦道也。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓道非但生之、乃复长养成熟；成玄英谓重叠前文、直举道不言德；唐玄宗谓始之为生、养之为畜；吴澄谓但曰道而不言德、德亦道也。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c038", "c039", "c040", "c042", "c045", "c046" ], "refsSimp": [ "c038", "c039", "c040", "c042", "c045", "c046" ] }, { "id": "n008", "sentenceId": "s005", "start": 0, "end": 4, "char": "長之育之", "charSimp": "长之育之", "startSimp": 0, "endSimp": 4, "pinyin": "zhǎng zhī yù zhī", "gloss": "使之成長、發育。", "glossSimp": "使之成长、发育。", "general": "河上公謂長養成熟覆育、全其性命；成玄英謂增其善芽、進其功行；唐玄宗謂增進曰長、安撫曰育；吳澄謂長育申言物形之也。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓长养成熟复育、全其性命；成玄英谓增其善芽、进其功行；唐玄宗谓增进曰长、安抚曰育；吴澄谓长育申言物形之也。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c041", "c049", "c052", "c053", "c046" ], "refsSimp": [ "c041", "c049", "c052", "c053", "c046" ] }, { "id": "n009", "sentenceId": "s005", "start": 5, "end": 9, "char": "亭之毒之", "charSimp": "亭之毒之", "startSimp": 5, "endSimp": 9, "pinyin": "tíng zhī dú zhī", "gloss": "使之安定、成熟；亭，平也、定也；毒，治也、熟也。", "glossSimp": "使之安定、成熟；亭，平也、定也；毒，治也、熟也。", "general": "王弼作「亭之毒之」，謂成其實、各得其庇蔭；陸希聲謂權其成謂之亭、量其用謂之毒；魏源引《釋文》亭訓別平均調、馬注毒訓治；河上公等作「成之熟之」。", "generalSimp": "王弼作「亭之毒之」，谓成其实、各得其庇荫；陆希声谓权其成谓之亭、量其用谓之毒；魏源引《释文》亭训别平均调、马注毒训治；河上公等作「成之熟之」。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c041", "c048", "c050", "c052", "c053", "c054" ], "refsSimp": [ "c041", "c048", "c050", "c052", "c053", "c054" ] }, { "id": "n010", "sentenceId": "s005", "start": 10, "end": 14, "char": "養之覆之", "charSimp": "养之覆之", "startSimp": 10, "endSimp": 14, "pinyin": "yǎng zhī fù zhī", "gloss": "養護、庇覆。", "glossSimp": "养护、庇覆。", "general": "河上公謂長養成熟覆育；成玄英謂酬其果報、廕以大慈；唐玄宗謂資給曰養、蔭庇曰覆；吳澄謂覆謂反本復命。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓长养成熟复育；成玄英谓酬其果报、荫以大慈；唐玄宗谓资给曰养、荫庇曰覆；吴澄谓覆谓反本复命。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c042", "c048", "c051", "c052", "c053" ], "refsSimp": [ "c042", "c048", "c051", "c052", "c053" ] }, { "id": "n011", "sentenceId": "s006", "start": 0, "end": 4, "char": "生而不有", "charSimp": "生而不有", "startSimp": 0, "endSimp": 4, "pinyin": "shēng ér bù yǒu", "gloss": "生養萬物而不據為己有。", "glossSimp": "生养万物而不据为己有。", "general": "河上公謂道生萬物不有所取以為利；成玄英謂實無物之可生、即生而不有；唐玄宗謂忘生之功；憨山謂生生不已而不自有其生。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓道生万物不有所取以为利；成玄英谓实无物之可生、即生而不有；唐玄宗谓忘生之功；憨山谓生生不已而不自有其生。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c055", "c058", "c061", "c067" ], "refsSimp": [ "c055", "c058", "c061", "c067" ] }, { "id": "n012", "sentenceId": "s006", "start": 5, "end": 9, "char": "為而不恃", "charSimp": "为而不恃", "startSimp": 5, "endSimp": 9, "pinyin": "wéi ér bù shì", "gloss": "有所作為而不自恃有功。", "glossSimp": "有所作为而不自恃有功。", "general": "河上公謂道所施為不恃望其報；成玄英謂施為法教、於何可恃；唐玄宗謂不見有物之可為、不恃其功；李榮謂伐功恃德非至功大德。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓道所施为不恃望其报；成玄英谓施为法教、于何可恃；唐玄宗谓不见有物之可为、不恃其功；李荣谓伐功恃德非至功大德。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c056", "c059", "c061", "c062", "c064" ], "refsSimp": [ "c056", "c059", "c061", "c062", "c064" ] }, { "id": "n013", "sentenceId": "s006", "start": 10, "end": 14, "char": "長而不宰", "charSimp": "长而不宰", "startSimp": 10, "endSimp": 14, "pinyin": "zhǎng ér bù zǎi", "gloss": "為萬物之長而不加主宰。", "glossSimp": "为万物之长而不加主宰。", "general": "河上公謂長養萬物不宰割以為利；成玄英謂能所俱幻、誰其宰乎；唐玄宗謂雖居萬物之長而不為主宰；吳澄謂雖長之而非有心有事於宰制。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓长养万物不宰割以为利；成玄英谓能所俱幻、谁其宰乎；唐玄宗谓虽居万物之长而不为主宰；吴澄谓虽长之而非有心有事于宰制。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c057", "c060", "c061", "c063", "c066" ], "refsSimp": [ "c057", "c060", "c061", "c063", "c066" ] }, { "id": "n014", "sentenceId": "s007", "start": 2, "end": 4, "char": "玄德", "charSimp": "玄德", "startSimp": 2, "endSimp": 4, "pinyin": "xuán dé", "gloss": "深遠不測之德。", "glossSimp": "深远不测之德。", "general": "河上公謂恩德玄闇不可得見；王弼謂有德而不知其主、出乎幽冥；成玄英謂玄者深遠之名；唐玄宗謂德施周普而名迹不彰。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓恩德玄暗不可得见；王弼谓有德而不知其主、出乎幽冥；成玄英谓玄者深远之名；唐玄宗谓德施周普而名迹不彰。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c068", "c069", "c070", "c071" ], "refsSimp": [ "c068", "c069", "c070", "c071" ] } ], "glossary": { "養德": "河上公本章章題。", "道生之章": "《玄德纂疏》、呂惠卿、蘇轍本章章題。", "道生之": "道生成萬物。", "德畜之": "德畜養萬物；畜，養也。", "物形之": "萬物各具形體。", "勢成之": "因時勢而成就。", "畜": "畜養、積聚。", "勢": "時勢、形勢，指萬物成就的外部條件。", "尊道而貴德": "尊崇道、珍視德。", "莫之命": "不加以命令；一作「莫之爵」，謂不授爵位。", "故道生之": "所以道生成萬物。", "長之育之": "使之成長、發育。", "亭之毒之": "使之安定、成熟；亭，平也、定也；毒，治也、熟也。", "養之覆之": "養護、庇覆。", "生而不有": "生養萬物而不據為己有。", "為而不恃": "有所作為而不自恃有功。", "長而不宰": "為萬物之長而不加主宰。", "玄德": "深遠不測之德。", "亭毒": "「亭之毒之」的省稱；《釋文》訓亭為別、平、均、調，馬融注《易》訓毒為治。", "成孰": "「成之熟之」的異文；河上公、唐玄宗等作「成之熟之」。" }, "collations": [ { "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "章次與章題", "text": "王弼本無章題。河上公題「養德第五十一」；《玄德纂疏》、呂惠卿、蘇轍題「道生之章第五十一」；吳澄以此章為其第四十三章；魏源以此章為其第四十四章；王夫之標「五十一章」。本站從王弼本分章。", "source": "河上公《老子道德經章句》、王弼《老子道德經注》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、魏源《老子本義》、王夫之《老子衍》", "textSimp": "王弼本无章题。河上公题「养德第五十一」；《玄德纂疏》、吕惠卿、苏辙题「道生之章第五十一」；吴澄以此章为其第四十三章；魏源以此章为其第四十四章；王夫之标「五十一章」。本站从王弼本分章。", "headwordSimp": "章次与章题", "sourceSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》、王弼《老子道德经注》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、魏源《老子本义》、王夫之《老子衍》", "id": "k001" }, { "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "底本與分句", "text": "王弼道藏本轉錄正文作「道生之，德畜之，物形之，勢成之。是以萬物莫不尊道而貴德。道之尊，德之貴，夫莫之命常自然。故道生之，德畜之，長之育之，亭之毒之，養之覆之。生而不有，為而不恃，為而不有，長而不宰。是謂玄德」，其中「命」下無「而」、「為而不恃」下重出「為而不有」，本站從諸通行本補正，分七句。", "source": "王弼《老子道德經注》、河上公《老子道德經章句》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》、王夫之《老子衍》", "textSimp": "王弼道藏本转录正文作「道生之，德畜之，物形之，势成之。是以万物莫不尊道而贵德。道之尊，德之贵，夫莫之命常自然。故道生之，德畜之，长之育之，亭之毒之，养之覆之。生而不有，为而不恃，为而不有，长而不宰。是谓玄德」，其中「命」下无「而」、「为而不恃」下重出「为而不有」，本站从诸通行本补正，分七句。", "headwordSimp": "底本与分句", "sourceSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》、河上公《老子道德经章句》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、李荣《道德真经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》、王夫之《老子衍》", "id": "k002" }, { "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "「命」與「爵」", "text": "王弼注云「命並作爵」；陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍正文作「莫之爵」，唐玄宗《玄德纂疏》經文亦作「爵」；河上公、成玄英、李榮、嚴遵、吳澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之正文作「莫之命」。魏源云傅奕及開元本「命」作「爵」。本站從王弼本作「命」。", "source": "王弼《老子道德經注》、河上公《老子道德經章句》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》、王夫之《老子衍》", "textSimp": 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"养德": "河上公本章章题。", "道生之章": "《玄德纂疏》、吕惠卿、苏辙本章章题。", "道生之": "道生成万物。", "德畜之": "德畜养万物；畜，养也。", "物形之": "万物各具形体。", "势成之": "因时势而成就。", "畜": "畜养、积聚。", "势": "时势、形势，指万物成就的外部条件。", "尊道而贵德": "尊崇道、珍视德。", "莫之命": "不加以命令；一作「莫之爵」，谓不授爵位。", "故道生之": "所以道生成万物。", "长之育之": "使之成长、发育。", "亭之毒之": "使之安定、成熟；亭，平也、定也；毒，治也、熟也。", "养之覆之": "养护、庇覆。", "生而不有": "生养万物而不据为己有。", "为而不恃": "有所作为而不自恃有功。", "长而不宰": "为万物之长而不加主宰。", "玄德": "深远不测之德。", "亭毒": "「亭之毒之」的省称；《释文》训亭为别、平、均、调，马融注《易》训毒为治。", "成孰": "「成之熟之」的异文；河上公、唐玄宗等作「成之熟之」。" }, "lexicon": { "note": "由构建脚本从字词注与常用字表生成，供义位词典和开放数据集使用；occurrence 统计按繁体与简体正文分别匹配后合并。", "entries": [ { "order": 1, "id": "n001", "noteId": "n001", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "道生之", "headwordSimp": "道生之", "pinyin": "dào shēng zhī", "gloss": "道生成萬物。", "glossSimp": "道生成万物。", "general": "河上公謂道生萬物；王弼謂生由於道；成玄英謂至道虚玄、通生萬物；唐玄宗謂道降沖和之氣、陶冶萬物；李榮謂道生則理歸於道。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓道生万物；王弼谓生由于道；成玄英谓至道虚玄、通生万物；唐玄宗谓道降冲和之气、陶冶万物；李荣谓道生则理归于道。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c001", "c005", "c006", "c008", "c011", "c016" ], "refsSimp": [ "c001", "c005", "c006", "c008", "c011", "c016" ], "forms": [ { "form": "道生之", "formSimp": "道生之", "kind": "headword", "count": 2, "sentenceIds": [ "s001", "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001", "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 2 }, { "order": 2, "id": "n002", "noteId": "n002", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "德畜之", "headwordSimp": "德畜之", "pinyin": "dé xù zhī", "gloss": "德畜養萬物；畜，養也。", "glossSimp": "德畜养万物；畜，养也。", "general": "河上公謂德一布氣而畜養；王弼謂畜由於德；成玄英謂上德慈救、畜養群品；唐玄宗謂德得也、畜養也；吳澄謂秋收而畜之。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓德一布气而畜养；王弼谓畜由于德；成玄英谓上德慈救、畜养群品；唐玄宗谓德得也、畜养也；吴澄谓秋收而畜之。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c002", "c005", "c007", "c009", "c012", "c015" ], "refsSimp": [ "c002", "c005", "c007", "c009", "c012", "c015" ], "forms": [ { "form": "德畜之", "formSimp": "德畜之", "kind": "headword", "count": 2, "sentenceIds": [ "s001", "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001", "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 2 }, { "order": 3, "id": "n003", "noteId": "n003", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "物形之", "headwordSimp": "物形之", "pinyin": "wù xíng zhī", "gloss": "萬物各具形體。", "glossSimp": "万物各具形体。", "general": "河上公謂一為萬物設形像；王弼謂形由於物；成玄英謂禀道而有形質；唐玄宗謂品物流形、乾知坤作；李榮謂生畜於物、物各有形。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓一为万物设形像；王弼谓形由于物；成玄英谓禀道而有形质；唐玄宗谓品物流形、干知坤作；李荣谓生畜于物、物各有形。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c003", "c005", "c007", "c008", "c010", "c013" ], "refsSimp": [ "c003", "c005", "c007", "c008", "c010", "c013" ], "forms": [ { "form": "物形之", "formSimp": "物形之", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 4, "id": "n004", "noteId": "n004", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "勢成之", "headwordSimp": "势成之", "pinyin": "shì chéng zhī", "gloss": "因時勢而成就。", "glossSimp": "因时势而成就。", "general": "河上公謂作寒暑之勢以成之；成玄英謂以德化導、令行業淳熟；唐玄宗謂天時地利陰陽之勢；嚴遵謂寒暑相成、各得成遂；陸希聲謂成其用者勢。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓作寒暑之势以成之；成玄英谓以德化导、令行业淳熟；唐玄宗谓天时地利阴阳之势；严遵谓寒暑相成、各得成遂；陆希声谓成其用者势。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c004", "c005", "c007", "c008", "c010", "c013" ], "refsSimp": [ "c004", "c005", "c007", "c008", "c010", "c013" ], "forms": [ { "form": "勢成之", "formSimp": "势成之", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 5, "id": "n005", "noteId": "n005", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "尊道而貴德", "headwordSimp": "尊道而贵德", "pinyin": "zūn dào ér guì dé", "gloss": "尊崇道、珍視德。", "glossSimp": "尊崇道、珍视德。", "general": "河上公謂道德所為無不盡敬；王弼謂由之乃得故尊、失之則害故貴；唐玄宗謂道德有生畜之功；蘇轍謂尊如父兄、貴如侯王。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓道德所为无不尽敬；王弼谓由之乃得故尊、失之则害故贵；唐玄宗谓道德有生畜之功；苏辙谓尊如父兄、贵如侯王。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c018", "c019", "c020", "c021", "c023", "c027" ], "refsSimp": [ "c018", "c019", "c020", "c021", "c023", "c027" ], "forms": [ { "form": "尊道而貴德", "formSimp": "尊道而贵德", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 6, "id": "n006", "noteId": "n006", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "莫之命", "headwordSimp": "莫之命", "pinyin": "mò zhī mìng", "gloss": "不加以命令；一作「莫之爵」，謂不授爵位。", "glossSimp": "不加以命令；一作「莫之爵」，谓不授爵位。", "general": "王弼謂「命」並作「爵」；河上公謂道不命召萬物；唐玄宗謂非假爵命；蘇轍謂恃爵而後尊貴者非實尊貴；魏源校開元本「命」作「爵」。", "generalSimp": "王弼谓「命」并作「爵」；河上公谓道不命召万物；唐玄宗谓非假爵命；苏辙谓恃爵而后尊贵者非实尊贵；魏源校开元本「命」作「爵」。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c029", "c031", "c033", "c035", "c036", "c037" ], "refsSimp": [ "c029", "c031", "c033", "c035", "c036", "c037" ], "forms": [ { "form": "莫之命", "formSimp": "莫之命", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 7, "id": "n007", "noteId": "n007", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "故道生之", "headwordSimp": "故道生之", "pinyin": "gù dào shēng zhī", "gloss": "所以道生成萬物。", "glossSimp": "所以道生成万物。", "general": "河上公謂道非但生之、乃復長養成熟；成玄英謂重疊前文、直舉道不言德；唐玄宗謂始之為生、養之為畜；吳澄謂但曰道而不言德、德亦道也。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓道非但生之、乃复长养成熟；成玄英谓重叠前文、直举道不言德；唐玄宗谓始之为生、养之为畜；吴澄谓但曰道而不言德、德亦道也。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c038", "c039", "c040", "c042", "c045", "c046" ], "refsSimp": [ "c038", "c039", "c040", "c042", "c045", "c046" ], "forms": [ { "form": "故道生之", "formSimp": "故道生之", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 8, "id": "n008", "noteId": "n008", "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "長之育之", "headwordSimp": "长之育之", "pinyin": "zhǎng zhī yù zhī", "gloss": "使之成長、發育。", "glossSimp": "使之成长、发育。", "general": "河上公謂長養成熟覆育、全其性命；成玄英謂增其善芽、進其功行；唐玄宗謂增進曰長、安撫曰育；吳澄謂長育申言物形之也。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓长养成熟复育、全其性命；成玄英谓增其善芽、进其功行；唐玄宗谓增进曰长、安抚曰育；吴澄谓长育申言物形之也。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c041", "c049", "c052", "c053", "c046" ], "refsSimp": [ "c041", "c049", "c052", "c053", "c046" ], "forms": [ { "form": "長之育之", "formSimp": "长之育之", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s005" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s005" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 9, "id": "n009", "noteId": "n009", "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "亭之毒之", "headwordSimp": "亭之毒之", "pinyin": "tíng zhī dú zhī", "gloss": "使之安定、成熟；亭，平也、定也；毒，治也、熟也。", "glossSimp": "使之安定、成熟；亭，平也、定也；毒，治也、熟也。", "general": "王弼作「亭之毒之」，謂成其實、各得其庇蔭；陸希聲謂權其成謂之亭、量其用謂之毒；魏源引《釋文》亭訓別平均調、馬注毒訓治；河上公等作「成之熟之」。", "generalSimp": "王弼作「亭之毒之」，谓成其实、各得其庇荫；陆希声谓权其成谓之亭、量其用谓之毒；魏源引《释文》亭训别平均调、马注毒训治；河上公等作「成之熟之」。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c041", "c048", "c050", "c052", "c053", "c054" ], "refsSimp": [ "c041", "c048", "c050", "c052", "c053", "c054" ], "forms": [ { "form": "亭之毒之", "formSimp": "亭之毒之", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s005" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s005" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 10, "id": "n010", "noteId": "n010", "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "養之覆之", "headwordSimp": "养之覆之", "pinyin": "yǎng zhī fù zhī", "gloss": "養護、庇覆。", "glossSimp": "养护、庇覆。", "general": "河上公謂長養成熟覆育；成玄英謂酬其果報、廕以大慈；唐玄宗謂資給曰養、蔭庇曰覆；吳澄謂覆謂反本復命。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓长养成熟复育；成玄英谓酬其果报、荫以大慈；唐玄宗谓资给曰养、荫庇曰覆；吴澄谓覆谓反本复命。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c042", "c048", "c051", "c052", "c053" ], "refsSimp": [ "c042", "c048", "c051", "c052", "c053" ], "forms": [ { "form": "養之覆之", "formSimp": "养之覆之", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s005" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s005" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 11, "id": "n011", "noteId": "n011", "sentenceId": "s006", "headword": "生而不有", "headwordSimp": "生而不有", "pinyin": "shēng ér bù yǒu", "gloss": "生養萬物而不據為己有。", "glossSimp": "生养万物而不据为己有。", "general": "河上公謂道生萬物不有所取以為利；成玄英謂實無物之可生、即生而不有；唐玄宗謂忘生之功；憨山謂生生不已而不自有其生。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓道生万物不有所取以为利；成玄英谓实无物之可生、即生而不有；唐玄宗谓忘生之功；憨山谓生生不已而不自有其生。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c055", "c058", "c061", "c067" ], "refsSimp": [ "c055", "c058", "c061", "c067" ], "forms": [ { "form": "生而不有", "formSimp": "生而不有", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s006" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s006" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 12, "id": "n012", "noteId": "n012", "sentenceId": "s006", "headword": "為而不恃", "headwordSimp": "为而不恃", "pinyin": "wéi ér bù shì", "gloss": "有所作為而不自恃有功。", "glossSimp": "有所作为而不自恃有功。", "general": "河上公謂道所施為不恃望其報；成玄英謂施為法教、於何可恃；唐玄宗謂不見有物之可為、不恃其功；李榮謂伐功恃德非至功大德。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓道所施为不恃望其报；成玄英谓施为法教、于何可恃；唐玄宗谓不见有物之可为、不恃其功；李荣谓伐功恃德非至功大德。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c056", "c059", "c061", "c062", "c064" ], "refsSimp": [ "c056", "c059", "c061", "c062", "c064" ], "forms": [ { "form": "為而不恃", "formSimp": "为而不恃", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s006" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s006" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 13, "id": "n013", "noteId": "n013", "sentenceId": "s006", "headword": "長而不宰", "headwordSimp": "长而不宰", "pinyin": "zhǎng ér bù zǎi", "gloss": "為萬物之長而不加主宰。", "glossSimp": "为万物之长而不加主宰。", "general": "河上公謂長養萬物不宰割以為利；成玄英謂能所俱幻、誰其宰乎；唐玄宗謂雖居萬物之長而不為主宰；吳澄謂雖長之而非有心有事於宰制。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓长养万物不宰割以为利；成玄英谓能所俱幻、谁其宰乎；唐玄宗谓虽居万物之长而不为主宰；吴澄谓虽长之而非有心有事于宰制。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c057", "c060", "c061", "c063", "c066" ], "refsSimp": [ "c057", "c060", "c061", "c063", "c066" ], "forms": [ { "form": "長而不宰", "formSimp": "长而不宰", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s006" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s006" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 14, "id": "n014", "noteId": "n014", "sentenceId": "s007", "headword": "玄德", "headwordSimp": "玄德", "pinyin": "xuán dé", "gloss": "深遠不測之德。", "glossSimp": "深远不测之德。", "general": "河上公謂恩德玄闇不可得見；王弼謂有德而不知其主、出乎幽冥；成玄英謂玄者深遠之名；唐玄宗謂德施周普而名迹不彰。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓恩德玄暗不可得见；王弼谓有德而不知其主、出乎幽冥；成玄英谓玄者深远之名；唐玄宗谓德施周普而名迹不彰。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c068", "c069", "c070", "c071" ], "refsSimp": [ "c068", "c069", "c070", "c071" ], "forms": [ { "form": "玄德", "formSimp": "玄德", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s007" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s007" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 } ], "glossaryEntries": [ { "order": 15, "id": "g001", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "養德", "headwordSimp": "养德", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "河上公本章章題。", "glossSimp": "河上公本章章题。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "養德", "formSimp": "养德", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 16, "id": "g002", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "道生之章", "headwordSimp": "道生之章", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "《玄德纂疏》、呂惠卿、蘇轍本章章題。", "glossSimp": "《玄德纂疏》、吕惠卿、苏辙本章章题。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "道生之章", "formSimp": "道生之章", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 17, "id": "g003", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "道生之", "headwordSimp": "道生之", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "道生成萬物。", "glossSimp": "道生成万物。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "道生之", "formSimp": "道生之", "kind": "headword", "count": 2, "sentenceIds": [ "s001", "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001", "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 2 }, { "order": 18, "id": "g004", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "德畜之", "headwordSimp": "德畜之", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "德畜養萬物；畜，養也。", "glossSimp": "德畜养万物；畜，养也。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "德畜之", "formSimp": "德畜之", "kind": "headword", "count": 2, "sentenceIds": [ "s001", "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001", "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 2 }, { "order": 19, "id": "g005", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "物形之", "headwordSimp": "物形之", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "萬物各具形體。", "glossSimp": "万物各具形体。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "物形之", "formSimp": "物形之", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 20, "id": "g006", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "勢成之", "headwordSimp": "势成之", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "因時勢而成就。", "glossSimp": "因时势而成就。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "勢成之", "formSimp": "势成之", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 21, "id": "g007", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "畜", "headwordSimp": "畜", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "畜養、積聚。", "glossSimp": "畜养、积聚。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "畜", "formSimp": "畜", "kind": "headword", "count": 2, "sentenceIds": [ "s001", "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001", "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 2 }, { "order": 22, "id": "g008", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "勢", "headwordSimp": "势", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "時勢、形勢，指萬物成就的外部條件。", "glossSimp": "时势、形势，指万物成就的外部条件。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "勢", "formSimp": "势", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 23, "id": "g009", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "尊道而貴德", "headwordSimp": "尊道而贵德", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "尊崇道、珍視德。", "glossSimp": "尊崇道、珍视德。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "尊道而貴德", "formSimp": "尊道而贵德", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 24, "id": "g010", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "莫之命", "headwordSimp": "莫之命", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "不加以命令；一作「莫之爵」，謂不授爵位。", "glossSimp": "不加以命令；一作「莫之爵」，谓不授爵位。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "莫之命", "formSimp": "莫之命", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 25, "id": "g011", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "故道生之", "headwordSimp": "故道生之", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "所以道生成萬物。", "glossSimp": "所以道生成万物。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "故道生之", "formSimp": "故道生之", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 26, "id": "g012", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "長之育之", "headwordSimp": "长之育之", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "使之成長、發育。", "glossSimp": "使之成长、发育。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "長之育之", "formSimp": "长之育之", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s005" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s005" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 27, "id": "g013", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "亭之毒之", "headwordSimp": "亭之毒之", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "使之安定、成熟；亭，平也、定也；毒，治也、熟也。", "glossSimp": "使之安定、成熟；亭，平也、定也；毒，治也、熟也。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "亭之毒之", "formSimp": "亭之毒之", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s005" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s005" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 28, "id": "g014", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "養之覆之", "headwordSimp": "养之覆之", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "養護、庇覆。", "glossSimp": "养护、庇覆。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "養之覆之", "formSimp": "养之覆之", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s005" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s005" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 29, "id": "g015", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s006", "headword": "生而不有", "headwordSimp": "生而不有", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "生養萬物而不據為己有。", "glossSimp": "生养万物而不据为己有。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "生而不有", "formSimp": "生而不有", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s006" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s006" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 30, "id": "g016", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s006", "headword": "為而不恃", "headwordSimp": "为而不恃", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "有所作為而不自恃有功。", "glossSimp": "有所作为而不自恃有功。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "為而不恃", "formSimp": "为而不恃", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s006" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s006" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 31, "id": "g017", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s006", "headword": "長而不宰", "headwordSimp": "长而不宰", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "為萬物之長而不加主宰。", "glossSimp": "为万物之长而不加主宰。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "長而不宰", "formSimp": "长而不宰", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s006" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s006" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 32, "id": "g018", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s007", "headword": "玄德", "headwordSimp": "玄德", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "深遠不測之德。", "glossSimp": "深远不测之德。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "玄德", "formSimp": "玄德", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s007" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s007" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 33, "id": "g019", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "亭毒", "headwordSimp": "亭毒", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "「亭之毒之」的省稱；《釋文》訓亭為別、平、均、調，馬融注《易》訓毒為治。", "glossSimp": "「亭之毒之」的省称；《释文》训亭为别、平、均、调，马融注《易》训毒为治。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "亭毒", "formSimp": "亭毒", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 34, "id": "g020", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "成孰", "headwordSimp": "成孰", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "「成之熟之」的異文；河上公、唐玄宗等作「成之熟之」。", "glossSimp": "「成之熟之」的异文；河上公、唐玄宗等作「成之熟之」。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "成孰", "formSimp": "成孰", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 } ] }, "relations": { "version": "1.0.0", "note": "第五十一章七句的十三家對照，為德經第十四章。河上公此章據四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引；成玄英、唐玄宗御注御疏、李榮、嚴遵據《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引；王弼、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄據《道藏》本；憨山、魏源、王夫之據公開轉錄本；俞樾《諸子平議》此章未列。河上公題「養德」，《玄德纂疏》、呂惠卿、蘇轍題「道生之章」，吳澄以此章為其第四十三章，魏源以此章為其第四十四章。道生德畜，有氣化、體用、本末諸解；物形勢成，有乾坤、寒暑、形勢必然諸說；尊道貴德與莫之命，有爵命、自然、無心諸別；長育亭毒養覆，有六功、八功、四時之異；生而不有與玄德，有忘功、無名、無心之辨。", "concepts": [ { "id": "dao-sheng-de-xu", "name": "道生之，德畜之", "nameTrad": "道生之，德畜之", "question": "「道生之，德畜之」是說道與德分掌生成與畜養，還是體用一源？", "questionTrad": "「道生之，德畜之」是說道與德分掌生成與畜養，還是體用一源？", "intro": "河上公以道生萬物，德一布氣而畜養，一生之氣布散而畜養群品。王弼以物生而後畜、畜而後形、形而後成，生由於道、畜由於德，皆有所由而莫不由道。成玄英以至道虚玄通生萬物、上德慈救畜養群品。唐玄宗御注以道生德畜而品物流形，御疏以道降沖和之氣陶冶萬物、德得也畜養也。嚴遵輯文以物形謂乾知坤作、勢成謂寒暑相成。李榮以至道運而無壅、玄德動而不滯，道生則理歸於道、德畜則義在於德。陸希聲以道為真精之體、德為妙物之用。呂惠卿以无名者道、一而未形者德，道德本而形勢末。蘇轍以道為萬物之母，運而為德、牧養群眾。吳澄以春生為道、秋收為德，道德二而一，道即德、德即道。憨山以道為天地根，非道不生、非德不畜。王夫之以道既已生、既已畜且覆，而我何生何為何長。諸家或分道與德為二，或合體用為一，大旨皆以生畜為道德之功。", "introTrad": "河上公以道生萬物，德一布氣而畜養，一生之氣布散而畜養群品。王弼以物生而後畜、畜而後形、形而後成，生由於道、畜由於德，皆有所由而莫不由道。成玄英以至道虚玄通生萬物、上德慈救畜養群品。唐玄宗御注以道生德畜而品物流形，御疏以道降沖和之氣陶冶萬物、德得也畜養也。嚴遵輯文以物形謂乾知坤作、勢成謂寒暑相成。李榮以至道運而無壅、玄德動而不滯，道生則理歸於道、德畜則義在於德。陸希聲以道為真精之體、德為妙物之用。呂惠卿以无名者道、一而未形者德，道德本而形勢末。蘇轍以道為萬物之母，運而為德、牧養群眾。吳澄以春生為道、秋收為德，道德二而一，道即德、德即道。憨山以道為天地根，非道不生、非德不畜。王夫之以道既已生、既已畜且覆，而我何生何為何長。諸家或分道與德為二，或合體用為一，大旨皆以生畜為道德之功。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "道生萬物，德一布氣而畜養。", "thesisTrad": "道生萬物，德一布氣而畜養。", "noteIds": [ "c001", "c002" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "道生万物，德一布气而畜养。" }, "wangbi": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "生由於道、畜由於德，皆有所由而莫不由道。", "thesisTrad": "生由於道、畜由於德，皆有所由而莫不由道。", "noteIds": [ "c005" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "生由于道、畜由于德，皆有所由而莫不由道。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "至道虚玄通生萬物，上德慈救畜養群品。", "thesisTrad": "至道虚玄通生萬物，上德慈救畜養群品。", "noteIds": [ "c006" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "至道虚玄通生万物，上德慈救畜养群品。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "道生德畜而品物流形；道降沖和之氣，德得也畜養也。", "thesisTrad": "道生德畜而品物流形；道降沖和之氣，德得也畜養也。", "noteIds": [ "c008", "c009" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "道生德畜而品物流形；道降冲和之气，德得也畜养也。" }, "yanzun": { "workType": "輯文", "workTypeTrad": "輯文", "thesis": "物形謂乾知坤作，勢成謂寒暑相成、各得成遂。", "thesisTrad": "物形謂乾知坤作，勢成謂寒暑相成、各得成遂。", "noteIds": [ "c010" ], "workTypeSimp": "辑文", "thesisSimp": "物形谓干知坤作，势成谓寒暑相成、各得成遂。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "道生則理歸於道，德畜則義在於德。", "thesisTrad": "道生則理歸於道，德畜則義在於德。", "noteIds": [ "c011" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "道生则理归于道，德畜则义在于德。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "道為真精之體，德為妙物之用。", "thesisTrad": "道為真精之體，德為妙物之用。", "noteIds": [ "c012" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "道为真精之体，德为妙物之用。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "无名者道，一而未形者德；道德本而形勢末。", "thesisTrad": "无名者道，一而未形者德；道德本而形勢末。", "noteIds": [ "c013" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "无名者道，一而未形者德；道德本而形势末。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "道為萬物之母，運而為德、牧養群眾。", "thesisTrad": "道為萬物之母，運而為德、牧養群眾。", "noteIds": [ "c014" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "道为万物之母，运而为德、牧养群众。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "春生為道、秋收為德，道德二而一。", "thesisTrad": "春生為道、秋收為德，道德二而一。", "noteIds": [ "c015" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "春生为道、秋收为德，道德二而一。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "道為天地根，非道不生、非德不畜。", "thesisTrad": "道為天地根，非道不生、非德不畜。", "noteIds": [ "c016" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "道为天地根，非道不生、非德不畜。" }, "wangfuzhi": { "workType": "衍", "workTypeTrad": "衍", "thesis": "道既已生、既已畜且覆，而我何生何為何長。", "thesisTrad": "道既已生、既已畜且覆，而我何生何為何長。", "noteIds": [ "c017" ], "workTypeSimp": "衍", "thesisSimp": "道既已生、既已畜且覆，而我何生何为何长。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c001", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公以道生萬物、德布氣畜養，分釋生畜。", "textTrad": "河上公以道生萬物、德布氣畜養，分釋生畜。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公以道生万物、德布气畜养，分释生畜。" }, { "noteId": "c005", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "王弼以生由於道、畜由於德，推極於道。", "textTrad": "王弼以生由於道、畜由於德，推極於道。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "王弼以生由于道、畜由于德，推极于道。" }, { "noteId": "c006", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英以至道通生、上德慈救分疏。", "textTrad": "成玄英以至道通生、上德慈救分疏。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英以至道通生、上德慈救分疏。" }, { "noteId": "c008", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "唐玄宗御注以道生德畜、品物流形立說。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗御注以道生德畜、品物流形立說。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "唐玄宗御注以道生德畜、品物流形立说。" }, { "noteId": "c010", "relation": "輯文", "relationTrad": "輯文", "text": "嚴遵輯文以乾知坤作、寒暑相成分釋。", "textTrad": "嚴遵輯文以乾知坤作、寒暑相成分釋。", "relationSimp": "辑文", "textSimp": "严遵辑文以干知坤作、寒暑相成分释。" }, { "noteId": "c011", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮以道生則理歸於道、德畜則義在於德。", "textTrad": "李榮以道生則理歸於道、德畜則義在於德。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣以道生则理归于道、德畜则义在于德。" }, { "noteId": "c012", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "陸希聲以道為真精之體、德為妙物之用。", "textTrad": "陸希聲以道為真精之體、德為妙物之用。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "陆希声以道为真精之体、德为妙物之用。" }, { "noteId": "c013", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "呂惠卿以无名與一而未形分道與德。", "textTrad": "呂惠卿以无名與一而未形分道與德。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "吕惠卿以无名与一而未形分道与德。" }, { "noteId": "c014", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "蘇轍以道為母、德為運而畜養。", "textTrad": "蘇轍以道為母、德為運而畜養。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "苏辙以道为母、德为运而畜养。" }, { "noteId": "c015", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄以春生秋收配道與德，終歸一源。", "textTrad": "吳澄以春生秋收配道與德，終歸一源。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄以春生秋收配道与德，终归一源。" }, { "noteId": "c016", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "憨山以道為天地根，非道不生、非德不畜。", "textTrad": "憨山以道為天地根，非道不生、非德不畜。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "憨山以道为天地根，非道不生、非德不畜。" }, { "noteId": "c017", "relation": "衍", "relationTrad": "衍", "text": "王夫之以道既生畜，而我何生何為何長，轉出忘功之義。", "textTrad": "王夫之以道既生畜，而我何生何為何長，轉出忘功之義。", "relationSimp": "衍", "textSimp": "王夫之以道既生畜，而我何生何为何长，转出忘功之义。" } ], "nameSimp": "道生之，德畜之", "questionSimp": "「道生之，德畜之」是说道与德分掌生成与畜养，还是体用一源？", "introSimp": "河上公以道生万物，德一布气而畜养，一生之气布散而畜养群品。王弼以物生而后畜、畜而后形、形而后成，生由于道、畜由于德，皆有所由而莫不由道。成玄英以至道虚玄通生万物、上德慈救畜养群品。唐玄宗御注以道生德畜而品物流形，御疏以道降冲和之气陶冶万物、德得也畜养也。严遵辑文以物形谓干知坤作、势成谓寒暑相成。李荣以至道运而无壅、玄德动而不滞，道生则理归于道、德畜则义在于德。陆希声以道为真精之体、德为妙物之用。吕惠卿以无名者道、一而未形者德，道德本而形势末。苏辙以道为万物之母，运而为德、牧养群众。吴澄以春生为道、秋收为德，道德二而一，道即德、德即道。憨山以道为天地根，非道不生、非德不畜。王夫之以道既已生、既已畜且覆，而我何生何为何长。诸家或分道与德为二，或合体用为一，大旨皆以生畜为道德之功。" }, { "id": "wu-xing-shi-cheng", "name": "物形之，勢成之", "nameTrad": "物形之，勢成之", "question": "「物形之，勢成之」是說物與勢各有其功，還是皆歸於道德？", "questionTrad": "「物形之，勢成之」是說物與勢各有其功，還是皆歸於道德？", "intro": "河上公以一為萬物設形像、作寒暑之勢以成之。王弼以形由於物、成由於勢，唯因故能無物而不形，唯勢故能無物而不成，然皆有所由而莫不由道。成玄英以物形謂禀道而有形質、勢成謂以德化導令行業淳熟。唐玄宗御注以乾知坤作、天地為形，天時地利陰陽之勢而物資以成。嚴遵輯文以乾知坤作、兆形位，寒暑相成、各得成遂。李榮以生畜於物、物各有形，既秀而實曰熟、生畜俱全曰成。陸希聲以形其材者事、成其用者勢。呂惠卿以勢出於形、形出於德、德出於道，道德本而形勢末。蘇轍以道德不能自形、因物而後形見，物不能自成、積而為勢。吳澄以夏長盛大其形、冬藏成完其實。憨山以道德無形、因物以形，四時寒暑生殺之勢逼物而成。諸家多分物、勢為形器層次，而歸本於道德。", "introTrad": "河上公以一為萬物設形像、作寒暑之勢以成之。王弼以形由於物、成由於勢，唯因故能無物而不形，唯勢故能無物而不成，然皆有所由而莫不由道。成玄英以物形謂禀道而有形質、勢成謂以德化導令行業淳熟。唐玄宗御注以乾知坤作、天地為形，天時地利陰陽之勢而物資以成。嚴遵輯文以乾知坤作、兆形位，寒暑相成、各得成遂。李榮以生畜於物、物各有形，既秀而實曰熟、生畜俱全曰成。陸希聲以形其材者事、成其用者勢。呂惠卿以勢出於形、形出於德、德出於道，道德本而形勢末。蘇轍以道德不能自形、因物而後形見，物不能自成、積而為勢。吳澄以夏長盛大其形、冬藏成完其實。憨山以道德無形、因物以形，四時寒暑生殺之勢逼物而成。諸家多分物、勢為形器層次，而歸本於道德。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "一為萬物設形像，作寒暑之勢以成之。", "thesisTrad": "一為萬物設形像，作寒暑之勢以成之。", "noteIds": [ "c003", "c004" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "一为万物设形像，作寒暑之势以成之。" }, "wangbi": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "形由於物、成由於勢，皆有所由而莫不由道。", "thesisTrad": "形由於物、成由於勢，皆有所由而莫不由道。", "noteIds": [ "c005" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "形由于物、成由于势，皆有所由而莫不由道。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "物形謂禀道而有形質，勢成謂以德化導令行業淳熟。", "thesisTrad": "物形謂禀道而有形質，勢成謂以德化導令行業淳熟。", "noteIds": [ "c007" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "物形谓禀道而有形质，势成谓以德化导令行业淳熟。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "乾知坤作、天地為形，天時地利陰陽之勢而物資以成。", "thesisTrad": "乾知坤作、天地為形，天時地利陰陽之勢而物資以成。", "noteIds": [ "c008" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "干知坤作、天地为形，天时地利阴阳之势而物资以成。" }, "yanzun": { "workType": "輯文", "workTypeTrad": "輯文", "thesis": "乾知坤作、兆形位；寒暑相成、各得成遂。", "thesisTrad": "乾知坤作、兆形位；寒暑相成、各得成遂。", "noteIds": [ "c010" ], "workTypeSimp": "辑文", "thesisSimp": "干知坤作、兆形位；寒暑相成、各得成遂。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "生畜於物，物各有形；既秀而實曰熟，生畜俱全曰成。", "thesisTrad": "生畜於物，物各有形；既秀而實曰熟，生畜俱全曰成。", "noteIds": [ "c011" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "生畜于物，物各有形；既秀而实曰熟，生畜俱全曰成。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "形其材者事，成其用者勢。", "thesisTrad": "形其材者事，成其用者勢。", "noteIds": [ "c012" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "形其材者事，成其用者势。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "勢出於形、形出於德、德出於道，道德本而形勢末。", "thesisTrad": "勢出於形、形出於德、德出於道，道德本而形勢末。", "noteIds": [ "c013" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "势出于形、形出于德、德出于道，道德本而形势末。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "道德不能自形，因物而後形見；物不能自成，積而為勢。", "thesisTrad": "道德不能自形，因物而後形見；物不能自成，積而為勢。", "noteIds": [ "c014" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "道德不能自形，因物而后形见；物不能自成，积而为势。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "夏長盛大其形，冬藏成完其實。", "thesisTrad": "夏長盛大其形，冬藏成完其實。", "noteIds": [ "c015" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "夏长盛大其形，冬藏成完其实。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "道德無形、因物以形；四時寒暑生殺之勢逼物而成。", "thesisTrad": "道德無形、因物以形；四時寒暑生殺之勢逼物而成。", "noteIds": [ "c016" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "道德无形、因物以形；四时寒暑生杀之势逼物而成。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c003", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公以一設形像、作寒暑之勢分釋物形勢成。", "textTrad": "河上公以一設形像、作寒暑之勢分釋物形勢成。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公以一设形像、作寒暑之势分释物形势成。" }, { "noteId": "c005", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "王弼以形由於物、成由於勢，仍歸本於道。", "textTrad": "王弼以形由於物、成由於勢，仍歸本於道。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "王弼以形由于物、成由于势，仍归本于道。" }, { "noteId": "c007", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英以禀道有形、德化淳熟分疏。", "textTrad": "成玄英以禀道有形、德化淳熟分疏。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英以禀道有形、德化淳熟分疏。" }, { "noteId": "c008", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "唐玄宗御注以乾坤、天地、陰陽之勢申說。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗御注以乾坤、天地、陰陽之勢申說。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "唐玄宗御注以乾坤、天地、阴阳之势申说。" }, { "noteId": "c010", "relation": "輯文", "relationTrad": "輯文", "text": "嚴遵輯文以乾知坤作、寒暑相成說。", "textTrad": "嚴遵輯文以乾知坤作、寒暑相成說。", "relationSimp": "辑文", "textSimp": "严遵辑文以干知坤作、寒暑相成说。" }, { "noteId": "c011", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮以物各有形、秀實為熟、生畜俱全為成。", "textTrad": "李榮以物各有形、秀實為熟、生畜俱全為成。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣以物各有形、秀实为熟、生畜俱全为成。" }, { "noteId": "c012", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "陸希聲以事形其材、勢成其用。", "textTrad": "陸希聲以事形其材、勢成其用。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "陆希声以事形其材、势成其用。" }, { "noteId": "c013", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "呂惠卿以形勢出於道德，本尊末卑。", "textTrad": "呂惠卿以形勢出於道德，本尊末卑。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "吕惠卿以形势出于道德，本尊末卑。" }, { "noteId": "c014", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "蘇轍以道德待物而形、待勢而成。", "textTrad": "蘇轍以道德待物而形、待勢而成。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "苏辙以道德待物而形、待势而成。" }, { "noteId": "c015", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄以夏長冬藏配物形勢成。", "textTrad": "吳澄以夏長冬藏配物形勢成。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄以夏长冬藏配物形势成。" }, { "noteId": "c016", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "憨山以道德無形、四時之勢逼物而成。", "textTrad": "憨山以道德無形、四時之勢逼物而成。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "憨山以道德无形、四时之势逼物而成。" } ], "nameSimp": "物形之，势成之", "questionSimp": "「物形之，势成之」是说物与势各有其功，还是皆归于道德？", "introSimp": "河上公以一为万物设形像、作寒暑之势以成之。王弼以形由于物、成由于势，唯因故能无物而不形，唯势故能无物而不成，然皆有所由而莫不由道。成玄英以物形谓禀道而有形质、势成谓以德化导令行业淳熟。唐玄宗御注以干知坤作、天地为形，天时地利阴阳之势而物资以成。严遵辑文以干知坤作、兆形位，寒暑相成、各得成遂。李荣以生畜于物、物各有形，既秀而实曰熟、生畜俱全曰成。陆希声以形其材者事、成其用者势。吕惠卿以势出于形、形出于德、德出于道，道德本而形势末。苏辙以道德不能自形、因物而后形见，物不能自成、积而为势。吴澄以夏长盛大其形、冬藏成完其实。憨山以道德无形、因物以形，四时寒暑生杀之势逼物而成。诸家多分物、势为形器层次，而归本于道德。" }, { "id": "zun-dao-gui-de", "name": "尊道而貴德，莫之命而常自然", "nameTrad": "尊道而貴德，莫之命而常自然", "question": "道德之尊貴，是因萬物感恩，還是出於自然、不假爵命？", "questionTrad": "道德之尊貴，是因萬物感恩，還是出於自然、不假爵命？", "intro": "河上公以道德所為無不盡敬、道不命召萬物而常自然應之如影響。王弼以道為物之所由、德為物之所得，由之乃得故不得不尊，失之則害故不得不貴，並云「命」並作「爵」。成玄英以蒼生荷賴而日用不知，故勸令崇尚；道德尊貴無關爵命，故常自然。唐玄宗御注以萬物由道德生畜故尊貴，非假爵命；御疏以道德生成之功被物，故物尊貴之。嚴遵輯文以萬物由道德生畜故尊貴，非假爵命。李榮以道德恩隆於父母、功蓋於天地，理當尊貴，非由爵命。陸希聲以道德自然為萬物所仰，豈有授之爵位而後見尊貴。呂惠卿以道德本而形勢末，本尊末卑，故莫之爵而常自然。蘇轍以尊如父兄、貴如侯王，恃爵而後尊貴者非實尊貴。吳澄以天子受命於天、諸侯受命於君，道尊德貴則非有命之者。憨山以道無位而尊、無名而貴，非有以命之；侯王受命於天、卿相受命於君，禀命而得者可奪。魏源校開元本「命」作「爵」，並取李榮道無心命物之說。諸家皆以道德之尊貴出於自然，非爵命所能加。", "introTrad": "河上公以道德所為無不盡敬、道不命召萬物而常自然應之如影響。王弼以道為物之所由、德為物之所得，由之乃得故不得不尊，失之則害故不得不貴，並云「命」並作「爵」。成玄英以蒼生荷賴而日用不知，故勸令崇尚；道德尊貴無關爵命，故常自然。唐玄宗御注以萬物由道德生畜故尊貴，非假爵命；御疏以道德生成之功被物，故物尊貴之。嚴遵輯文以萬物由道德生畜故尊貴，非假爵命。李榮以道德恩隆於父母、功蓋於天地，理當尊貴，非由爵命。陸希聲以道德自然為萬物所仰，豈有授之爵位而後見尊貴。呂惠卿以道德本而形勢末，本尊末卑，故莫之爵而常自然。蘇轍以尊如父兄、貴如侯王，恃爵而後尊貴者非實尊貴。吳澄以天子受命於天、諸侯受命於君，道尊德貴則非有命之者。憨山以道無位而尊、無名而貴，非有以命之；侯王受命於天、卿相受命於君，禀命而得者可奪。魏源校開元本「命」作「爵」，並取李榮道無心命物之說。諸家皆以道德之尊貴出於自然，非爵命所能加。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "道德所為無不盡敬；道不命召萬物而常自然應之。", "thesisTrad": "道德所為無不盡敬；道不命召萬物而常自然應之。", "noteIds": [ "c018", "c029" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "道德所为无不尽敬；道不命召万物而常自然应之。" }, "wangbi": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "由之乃得故不得不尊，失之則害故不得不貴；命並作爵。", "thesisTrad": "由之乃得故不得不尊，失之則害故不得不貴；命並作爵。", "noteIds": [ "c019" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "由之乃得故不得不尊，失之则害故不得不贵；命并作爵。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "蒼生荷賴日用不知，故勸令崇尚；道德尊貴無關爵命。", "thesisTrad": "蒼生荷賴日用不知，故勸令崇尚；道德尊貴無關爵命。", "noteIds": [ "c020", "c030" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "苍生荷赖日用不知，故劝令崇尚；道德尊贵无关爵命。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "萬物由道德生畜故尊貴，非假爵命；生成之功被物而常自然。", "thesisTrad": "萬物由道德生畜故尊貴，非假爵命；生成之功被物而常自然。", "noteIds": [ "c021", "c022", "c031", "c032" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "万物由道德生畜故尊贵，非假爵命；生成之功被物而常自然。" }, "yanzun": { "workType": "輯文", "workTypeTrad": "輯文", "thesis": "萬物由道德生畜故尊貴；非假爵命，生成被物自然尊貴。", "thesisTrad": "萬物由道德生畜故尊貴；非假爵命，生成被物自然尊貴。", "noteIds": [ "c023", "c033" ], "workTypeSimp": "辑文", "thesisSimp": "万物由道德生畜故尊贵；非假爵命，生成被物自然尊贵。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "道德恩隆於父母、功蓋於天地，理當尊貴，非由爵命。", "thesisTrad": "道德恩隆於父母、功蓋於天地，理當尊貴，非由爵命。", "noteIds": [ "c024", "c034" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "道德恩隆于父母、功盖于天地，理当尊贵，非由爵命。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "道德自然為萬物所仰，豈有授之爵位而後見尊貴。", "thesisTrad": "道德自然為萬物所仰，豈有授之爵位而後見尊貴。", "noteIds": [ "c025" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "道德自然为万物所仰，岂有授之爵位而后见尊贵。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "道德本而形勢末，本尊末卑，故莫之爵而常自然。", "thesisTrad": "道德本而形勢末，本尊末卑，故莫之爵而常自然。", "noteIds": [ "c026" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "道德本而形势末，本尊末卑，故莫之爵而常自然。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "尊如父兄、貴如侯王；恃爵而後尊貴者非實尊貴。", "thesisTrad": "尊如父兄、貴如侯王；恃爵而後尊貴者非實尊貴。", "noteIds": [ "c027", "c035" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "尊如父兄、贵如侯王；恃爵而后尊贵者非实尊贵。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "天子受命於天、諸侯受命於君，道尊德貴則非有命之者。", "thesisTrad": "天子受命於天、諸侯受命於君，道尊德貴則非有命之者。", "noteIds": [ "c036" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "天子受命于天、诸侯受命于君，道尊德贵则非有命之者。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "道無位而尊、無名而貴，非有以命之；禀命而得者可奪。", "thesisTrad": "道無位而尊、無名而貴，非有以命之；禀命而得者可奪。", "noteIds": [ "c028" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "道无位而尊、无名而贵，非有以命之；禀命而得者可夺。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "校開元本「命」作「爵」，取李榮道無心命物之說。", "thesisTrad": "校開元本「命」作「爵」，取李榮道無心命物之說。", "noteIds": [ "c037" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "校开元本「命」作「爵」，取李荣道无心命物之说。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c018", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公以道德盡敬、道不命召而自然，立尊貴之義。", "textTrad": "河上公以道德盡敬、道不命召而自然，立尊貴之義。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公以道德尽敬、道不命召而自然，立尊贵之义。" }, { "noteId": "c019", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "王弼以由之乃得、失之則害，說明不得不尊貴。", "textTrad": "王弼以由之乃得、失之則害，說明不得不尊貴。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "王弼以由之乃得、失之则害，说明不得不尊贵。" }, { "noteId": "c020", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英以蒼生日用不知，轉出勸示之意。", "textTrad": "成玄英以蒼生日用不知，轉出勸示之意。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英以苍生日用不知，转出劝示之意。" }, { "noteId": "c021", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "唐玄宗御注以生成備物、非假爵命說尊貴。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗御注以生成備物、非假爵命說尊貴。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "唐玄宗御注以生成备物、非假爵命说尊贵。" }, { "noteId": "c023", "relation": "輯文", "relationTrad": "輯文", "text": "嚴遵輯文以道德生畜故尊貴，非假爵命。", "textTrad": "嚴遵輯文以道德生畜故尊貴，非假爵命。", "relationSimp": "辑文", "textSimp": "严遵辑文以道德生畜故尊贵，非假爵命。" }, { "noteId": "c024", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮以恩隆父母、功蓋天地說理當尊貴。", "textTrad": "李榮以恩隆父母、功蓋天地說理當尊貴。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣以恩隆父母、功盖天地说理当尊贵。" }, { "noteId": "c025", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "陸希聲以道德自然為萬物所仰，破爵位之說。", "textTrad": "陸希聲以道德自然為萬物所仰，破爵位之說。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "陆希声以道德自然为万物所仰，破爵位之说。" }, { "noteId": "c026", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "呂惠卿以本尊末卑、莫之爵而常自然申說。", "textTrad": "呂惠卿以本尊末卑、莫之爵而常自然申說。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "吕惠卿以本尊末卑、莫之爵而常自然申说。" }, { "noteId": "c027", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "蘇轍以父兄侯王為喻，指出恃爵非實尊貴。", "textTrad": "蘇轍以父兄侯王為喻，指出恃爵非實尊貴。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "苏辙以父兄侯王为喻，指出恃爵非实尊贵。" }, { "noteId": "c028", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "憨山以道無位無名、禀命可奪，反襯道德之常自然。", "textTrad": "憨山以道無位無名、禀命可奪，反襯道德之常自然。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "憨山以道无位无名、禀命可夺，反衬道德之常自然。" }, { "noteId": "c036", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄以天命君命對比道德之無命而尊。", "textTrad": "吳澄以天命君命對比道德之無命而尊。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄以天命君命对比道德之无命而尊。" }, { "noteId": "c037", "relation": "本義", "relationTrad": "本義", "text": "魏源校「命」作「爵」，並取李榮無心命物之解。", "textTrad": "魏源校「命」作「爵」，並取李榮無心命物之解。", "relationSimp": "本义", "textSimp": "魏源校「命」作「爵」，并取李荣无心命物之解。" } ], "nameSimp": "尊道而贵德，莫之命而常自然", "questionSimp": "道德之尊贵，是因万物感恩，还是出于自然、不假爵命？", "introSimp": "河上公以道德所为无不尽敬、道不命召万物而常自然应之如影响。王弼以道为物之所由、德为物之所得，由之乃得故不得不尊，失之则害故不得不贵，并云「命」并作「爵」。成玄英以苍生荷赖而日用不知，故劝令崇尚；道德尊贵无关爵命，故常自然。唐玄宗御注以万物由道德生畜故尊贵，非假爵命；御疏以道德生成之功被物，故物尊贵之。严遵辑文以万物由道德生畜故尊贵，非假爵命。李荣以道德恩隆于父母、功盖于天地，理当尊贵，非由爵命。陆希声以道德自然为万物所仰，岂有授之爵位而后见尊贵。吕惠卿以道德本而形势末，本尊末卑，故莫之爵而常自然。苏辙以尊如父兄、贵如侯王，恃爵而后尊贵者非实尊贵。吴澄以天子受命于天、诸侯受命于君，道尊德贵则非有命之者。憨山以道无位而尊、无名而贵，非有以命之；侯王受命于天、卿相受命于君，禀命而得者可夺。魏源校开元本「命」作「爵」，并取李荣道无心命物之说。诸家皆以道德之尊贵出于自然，非爵命所能加。" }, { "id": "zhang-yu-ting-du", "name": "長之育之，亭之毒之，養之覆之", "nameTrad": "長之育之，亭之毒之，養之覆之", "question": "「長育亭毒養覆」是六種功夫，還是與四時、八德相配？", "questionTrad": "「長育亭毒養覆」是六種功夫，還是與四時、八德相配？", "intro": "河上公以道非但生之，乃復長養成熟覆育、全其性命，人君治國治身亦當如之。王弼以成其實、各得其庇蔭、不傷其體。成玄英以長增善芽、育進功行，成孰為道果成就、德業淳熟，養酬果報、覆廕大慈。唐玄宗御疏以增進曰長、安撫曰育、輔相曰成、遂終曰熟、資給曰養、蔭庇曰覆，八者皆道德功用。嚴遵輯文以增進曰長、字撫曰育、輔相曰成、遂終曰熟、資給曰養、廕庇曰覆，八者皆道德功用。李榮以進益曰長、撫恤曰育、構立曰成、圓足曰熟、資給曰養、衣被曰覆。陸希聲以遂形謂之長、字材謂之育、權成謂之亭、量用謂之毒、保和謂之養、護傷謂之覆。呂惠卿以生畜長育成熟養覆莫非道，而道終无名。吳澄以長育申物形、成熟申勢成、養申長育、覆申成熟，覆謂反本復命。憨山以生長、含育、成熟、愛養覆護為成始成終。魏源以《釋文》亭訓別平均調、馬注毒訓治，生畜如春、長育如夏、亭毒如秋冬，勢成則養覆。諸家或以六功、八功分說，或以四時配屬，大旨皆明道德長養萬物、始終不倦。", "introTrad": "河上公以道非但生之，乃復長養成熟覆育、全其性命，人君治國治身亦當如之。王弼以成其實、各得其庇蔭、不傷其體。成玄英以長增善芽、育進功行，成孰為道果成就、德業淳熟，養酬果報、覆廕大慈。唐玄宗御疏以增進曰長、安撫曰育、輔相曰成、遂終曰熟、資給曰養、蔭庇曰覆，八者皆道德功用。嚴遵輯文以增進曰長、字撫曰育、輔相曰成、遂終曰熟、資給曰養、廕庇曰覆，八者皆道德功用。李榮以進益曰長、撫恤曰育、構立曰成、圓足曰熟、資給曰養、衣被曰覆。陸希聲以遂形謂之長、字材謂之育、權成謂之亭、量用謂之毒、保和謂之養、護傷謂之覆。呂惠卿以生畜長育成熟養覆莫非道，而道終无名。吳澄以長育申物形、成熟申勢成、養申長育、覆申成熟，覆謂反本復命。憨山以生長、含育、成熟、愛養覆護為成始成終。魏源以《釋文》亭訓別平均調、馬注毒訓治，生畜如春、長育如夏、亭毒如秋冬，勢成則養覆。諸家或以六功、八功分說，或以四時配屬，大旨皆明道德長養萬物、始終不倦。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "道非但生之，乃復長養成熟覆育、全其性命。", "thesisTrad": "道非但生之，乃復長養成熟覆育、全其性命。", "noteIds": [ "c038" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "道非但生之，乃复长养成熟复育、全其性命。" }, "wangbi": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "成其實，各得其庇蔭，不傷其體。", "thesisTrad": "成其實，各得其庇蔭，不傷其體。", "noteIds": [ "c048" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "成其实，各得其庇荫，不伤其体。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "長增善芽、育進功行；成孰為道果成就、德業淳熟；養酬果報、覆廕大慈。", "thesisTrad": "長增善芽、育進功行；成孰為道果成就、德業淳熟；養酬果報、覆廕大慈。", "noteIds": [ "c039", "c049", "c050", "c051" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "长增善芽、育进功行；成孰为道果成就、德业淳熟；养酬果报、覆荫大慈。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御疏", "workTypeTrad": "御疏", "thesis": "增進曰長、安撫曰育、輔相曰成、遂終曰熟、資給曰養、蔭庇曰覆。", "thesisTrad": "增進曰長、安撫曰育、輔相曰成、遂終曰熟、資給曰養、蔭庇曰覆。", "noteIds": [ "c040", "c052" ], "workTypeSimp": "御疏", "thesisSimp": "增进曰长、安抚曰育、辅相曰成、遂终曰熟、资给曰养、荫庇曰覆。" }, "yanzun": { "workType": "輯文", "workTypeTrad": "輯文", "thesis": "增進曰長、字撫曰育、輔相曰成、遂終曰熟、資給曰養、廕庇曰覆，八者皆道德功用。", "thesisTrad": "增進曰長、字撫曰育、輔相曰成、遂終曰熟、資給曰養、廕庇曰覆，八者皆道德功用。", "noteIds": [ "c041" ], "workTypeSimp": "辑文", "thesisSimp": "增进曰长、字抚曰育、辅相曰成、遂终曰熟、资给曰养、荫庇曰覆，八者皆道德功用。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "進益曰長、撫恤曰育、構立曰成、圓足曰熟、資給曰養、衣被曰覆。", "thesisTrad": "進益曰長、撫恤曰育、構立曰成、圓足曰熟、資給曰養、衣被曰覆。", "noteIds": [ "c042" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "进益曰长、抚恤曰育、构立曰成、圆足曰熟、资给曰养、衣被曰覆。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "遂形謂之長、字材謂之育、權成謂之亭、量用謂之毒、保和謂之養、護傷謂之覆。", "thesisTrad": "遂形謂之長、字材謂之育、權成謂之亭、量用謂之毒、保和謂之養、護傷謂之覆。", "noteIds": [ "c043" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "遂形谓之长、字材谓之育、权成谓之亭、量用谓之毒、保和谓之养、护伤谓之覆。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "生畜長育成熟養覆莫非道，而道終无名。", "thesisTrad": "生畜長育成熟養覆莫非道，而道終无名。", "noteIds": [ "c044" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "生畜长育成熟养覆莫非道，而道终无名。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "長育申物形、成熟申勢成、養申長育、覆申成熟，覆謂反本復命。", "thesisTrad": "長育申物形、成熟申勢成、養申長育、覆申成熟，覆謂反本復命。", "noteIds": [ "c045", "c053" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "长育申物形、成熟申势成、养申长育、覆申成熟，覆谓反本复命。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "生長、含育、成熟、愛養覆護，成始成終。", "thesisTrad": "生長、含育、成熟、愛養覆護，成始成終。", "noteIds": [ "c046" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "生长、含育、成熟、爱养覆护，成始成终。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "亭訓別平均調、毒訓治；生畜如春、長育如夏、亭毒如秋冬，勢成則養覆。", "thesisTrad": "亭訓別平均調、毒訓治；生畜如春、長育如夏、亭毒如秋冬，勢成則養覆。", "noteIds": [ "c047", "c054" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "亭训别平均调、毒训治；生畜如春、长育如夏、亭毒如秋冬，势成则养覆。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c038", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公以長養成熟覆育全性命，兼及治國治身。", "textTrad": "河上公以長養成熟覆育全性命，兼及治國治身。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公以长养成熟复育全性命，兼及治国治身。" }, { "noteId": "c039", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英以重疊前文、直舉道不言德，明德不異道。", "textTrad": "成玄英以重疊前文、直舉道不言德，明德不異道。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英以重叠前文、直举道不言德，明德不异道。" }, { "noteId": "c040", "relation": "御疏", "relationTrad": "御疏", "text": "唐玄宗御疏以始之為生、養之為畜，覆結道生之義。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗御疏以始之為生、養之為畜，覆結道生之義。", "relationSimp": "御疏", "textSimp": "唐玄宗御疏以始之为生、养之为畜，覆结道生之义。" }, { "noteId": "c041", "relation": "輯文", "relationTrad": "輯文", "text": "嚴遵輯文以長育成孰養覆八者皆道德功用。", "textTrad": "嚴遵輯文以長育成孰養覆八者皆道德功用。", "relationSimp": "辑文", "textSimp": "严遵辑文以长育成孰养覆八者皆道德功用。" }, { "noteId": "c042", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮以長育成孰養覆六字分釋。", "textTrad": "李榮以長育成孰養覆六字分釋。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣以长育成孰养覆六字分释。" }, { "noteId": "c043", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "陸希聲以長育亭毒養覆配六種功用。", "textTrad": "陸希聲以長育亭毒養覆配六種功用。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "陆希声以长育亭毒养覆配六种功用。" }, { "noteId": "c044", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "呂惠卿以生畜長育成熟養覆莫非道，道終无名。", "textTrad": "呂惠卿以生畜長育成熟養覆莫非道，道終无名。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "吕惠卿以生畜长育成熟养覆莫非道，道终无名。" }, { "noteId": "c045", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄以上文但言道不言德，明德亦道。", "textTrad": "吳澄以上文但言道不言德，明德亦道。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄以上文但言道不言德，明德亦道。" }, { "noteId": "c046", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "憨山以體至虚、用至大，生長含育成熟覆護成始成終。", "textTrad": "憨山以體至虚、用至大，生長含育成熟覆護成始成終。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "憨山以体至虚、用至大，生长含育成熟覆护成始成终。" }, { "noteId": "c047", "relation": "本義", "relationTrad": "本義", "text": "魏源以四時配生畜長育亭毒養覆，並取李榮無心命物之說。", "textTrad": "魏源以四時配生畜長育亭毒養覆，並取李榮無心命物之說。", "relationSimp": "本义", "textSimp": "魏源以四时配生畜长育亭毒养覆，并取李荣无心命物之说。" } ], "nameSimp": "长之育之，亭之毒之，养之覆之", "questionSimp": "「长育亭毒养覆」是六种功夫，还是与四时、八德相配？", "introSimp": "河上公以道非但生之，乃复长养成熟复育、全其性命，人君治国治身亦当如之。王弼以成其实、各得其庇荫、不伤其体。成玄英以长增善芽、育进功行，成孰为道果成就、德业淳熟，养酬果报、覆荫大慈。唐玄宗御疏以增进曰长、安抚曰育、辅相曰成、遂终曰熟、资给曰养、荫庇曰覆，八者皆道德功用。严遵辑文以增进曰长、字抚曰育、辅相曰成、遂终曰熟、资给曰养、荫庇曰覆，八者皆道德功用。李荣以进益曰长、抚恤曰育、构立曰成、圆足曰熟、资给曰养、衣被曰覆。陆希声以遂形谓之长、字材谓之育、权成谓之亭、量用谓之毒、保和谓之养、护伤谓之覆。吕惠卿以生畜长育成熟养覆莫非道，而道终无名。吴澄以长育申物形、成熟申势成、养申长育、覆申成熟，覆谓反本复命。憨山以生长、含育、成熟、爱养覆护为成始成终。魏源以《释文》亭训别平均调、马注毒训治，生畜如春、长育如夏、亭毒如秋冬，势成则养覆。诸家或以六功、八功分说，或以四时配属，大旨皆明道德长养万物、始终不倦。" }, { "id": "sheng-er-bu-you", "name": "生而不有，為而不恃，長而不宰，是謂玄德", "nameTrad": "生而不有，為而不恃，長而不宰，是謂玄德", "question": "「玄德」是道德生畜萬物而不居功，還是聖人法道忘功的境界？", "questionTrad": "「玄德」是道德生畜萬物而不居功，還是聖人法道忘功的境界？", "intro": "河上公以道生萬物不有所取以為利、所施為不恃望其報、長養萬物不宰割以為利，恩德玄闇不可得見。王弼以有德而不知其主、出乎幽冥，故謂之玄德。成玄英以生而不有、為而不恃、長而不宰分遣生、畜、長之功，能所俱幻，故為玄德。唐玄宗御注以生而不有、為而不恃、長而不宰具如載營魄章所釋，彼章言人修如道，此明道用同人；御疏以不見有生之可生、不恃其功、不為主宰，德施周普而名迹不彰。李榮以伐功恃德非至功大德，生長不恃不宰乃深妙之德。陸希聲以生而不執有、為而不矜恃、長而不宰制，是謂玄德；營魄章言人同於道德，此章言道德同於人。呂惠卿以生畜長育成熟養覆莫非道，道終无名，故不有不恃不宰。吳澄以不有無生之心、不恃無為之事，雖長之而非有心有事於宰制，兼生長收藏皆曰玄德。憨山以生之而不自有、作為而不自恃、為萬物主而不自宰，所以為玄德；君天下者貴乎體道虚懷。王夫之以物者形矣、勢者成矣，灼知而不名言、順襲而不易置，天下不相知而德我，我姑不得已而德之，因萬物之不相知而謂之玄德。諸家或以道德忘功、或以聖人法道、或以無名無心立說，大旨皆歸於玄德。", "introTrad": "河上公以道生萬物不有所取以為利、所施為不恃望其報、長養萬物不宰割以為利，恩德玄闇不可得見。王弼以有德而不知其主、出乎幽冥，故謂之玄德。成玄英以生而不有、為而不恃、長而不宰分遣生、畜、長之功，能所俱幻，故為玄德。唐玄宗御注以生而不有、為而不恃、長而不宰具如載營魄章所釋，彼章言人修如道，此明道用同人；御疏以不見有生之可生、不恃其功、不為主宰，德施周普而名迹不彰。李榮以伐功恃德非至功大德，生長不恃不宰乃深妙之德。陸希聲以生而不執有、為而不矜恃、長而不宰制，是謂玄德；營魄章言人同於道德，此章言道德同於人。呂惠卿以生畜長育成熟養覆莫非道，道終无名，故不有不恃不宰。吳澄以不有無生之心、不恃無為之事，雖長之而非有心有事於宰制，兼生長收藏皆曰玄德。憨山以生之而不自有、作為而不自恃、為萬物主而不自宰，所以為玄德；君天下者貴乎體道虚懷。王夫之以物者形矣、勢者成矣，灼知而不名言、順襲而不易置，天下不相知而德我，我姑不得已而德之，因萬物之不相知而謂之玄德。諸家或以道德忘功、或以聖人法道、或以無名無心立說，大旨皆歸於玄德。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "生不取利、為不望報、長不宰割；恩德玄闇不可得見。", "thesisTrad": "生不取利、為不望報、長不宰割；恩德玄闇不可得見。", "noteIds": [ "c055", "c056", "c057", "c068" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "生不取利、为不望报、长不宰割；恩德玄暗不可得见。" }, "wangbi": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "有德而不知其主，出乎幽冥，故謂之玄德。", "thesisTrad": "有德而不知其主，出乎幽冥，故謂之玄德。", "noteIds": [ "c069" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "有德而不知其主，出乎幽冥，故谓之玄德。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "生而不有、為而不恃、長而不宰分遣生畜長之功，能所俱幻。", "thesisTrad": "生而不有、為而不恃、長而不宰分遣生畜長之功，能所俱幻。", "noteIds": [ "c058", "c059", "c060", "c070" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "生而不有、为而不恃、长而不宰分遣生畜长之功，能所俱幻。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "生而不有、為而不恃、長而不宰，具如載營魄章所釋；道用同人。", "thesisTrad": "生而不有、為而不恃、長而不宰，具如載營魄章所釋；道用同人。", "noteIds": [ "c061", "c062", "c063", "c071" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "生而不有、为而不恃、长而不宰，具如载营魄章所释；道用同人。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "伐功恃德非至功大德；生長不恃不宰乃深妙之德。", "thesisTrad": "伐功恃德非至功大德；生長不恃不宰乃深妙之德。", "noteIds": [ "c064" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "伐功恃德非至功大德；生长不恃不宰乃深妙之德。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "生而不執有、為而不矜恃、長而不宰制，是謂玄德。", "thesisTrad": "生而不執有、為而不矜恃、長而不宰制，是謂玄德。", "noteIds": [ "c065" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "生而不执有、为而不矜恃、长而不宰制，是谓玄德。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "生畜長育成熟養覆莫非道，道終无名，故不有不恃不宰。", "thesisTrad": "生畜長育成熟養覆莫非道，道終无名，故不有不恃不宰。", "noteIds": [ "c044" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "生畜长育成熟养覆莫非道，道终无名，故不有不恃不宰。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "不有無生之心、不恃無為之事，雖長之而非有心有事於宰制。", "thesisTrad": "不有無生之心、不恃無為之事，雖長之而非有心有事於宰制。", "noteIds": [ "c066" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "不有无生之心、不恃无为之事，虽长之而非有心有事于宰制。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "生之而不自有、作為而不自恃、為萬物主而不自宰，所以為玄德。", "thesisTrad": "生之而不自有、作為而不自恃、為萬物主而不自宰，所以為玄德。", "noteIds": [ "c067" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "生之而不自有、作为而不自恃、为万物主而不自宰，所以为玄德。" }, "wangfuzhi": { "workType": "衍", "workTypeTrad": "衍", "thesis": "物形勢成，灼知不言、順襲不易，因萬物不相知而謂之玄德。", "thesisTrad": "物形勢成，灼知不言、順襲不易，因萬物不相知而謂之玄德。", "noteIds": [ "c017" ], "workTypeSimp": "衍", "thesisSimp": "物形势成，灼知不言、顺袭不易，因万物不相知而谓之玄德。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c055", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公以生不取利、為不望報、長不宰割分釋三句。", "textTrad": "河上公以生不取利、為不望報、長不宰割分釋三句。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公以生不取利、为不望报、长不宰割分释三句。" }, { "noteId": "c058", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英以實無物之可生，遣道生之執。", "textTrad": "成玄英以實無物之可生，遣道生之執。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英以实无物之可生，遣道生之执。" }, { "noteId": "c059", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英以施為法教無可恃，遣德畜之執。", "textTrad": "成玄英以施為法教無可恃，遣德畜之執。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英以施为法教无可恃，遣德畜之执。" }, { "noteId": "c060", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英以能所俱幻、誰其宰乎，遣長之執。", "textTrad": "成玄英以能所俱幻、誰其宰乎，遣長之執。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英以能所俱幻、谁其宰乎，遣长之执。" }, { "noteId": "c061", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "唐玄宗御注以載營魄章相參，明道用同人。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗御注以載營魄章相參，明道用同人。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "唐玄宗御注以载营魄章相参，明道用同人。" }, { "noteId": "c062", "relation": "御疏", "relationTrad": "御疏", "text": "御疏以不見有物之可為、不恃其功，結德畜之義。", "textTrad": "御疏以不見有物之可為、不恃其功，結德畜之義。", "relationSimp": "御疏", "textSimp": "御疏以不见有物之可为、不恃其功，结德畜之义。" }, { "noteId": "c063", "relation": "御疏", "relationTrad": "御疏", "text": "御疏以雖居萬物之長而不為主宰，勸人君法道忘功。", "textTrad": "御疏以雖居萬物之長而不為主宰，勸人君法道忘功。", "relationSimp": "御疏", "textSimp": "御疏以虽居万物之长而不为主宰，劝人君法道忘功。" }, { "noteId": "c064", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮以伐功恃德非至功大德，反顯不恃不宰之深妙。", "textTrad": "李榮以伐功恃德非至功大德，反顯不恃不宰之深妙。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣以伐功恃德非至功大德，反显不恃不宰之深妙。" }, { "noteId": "c065", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "陸希聲以不執有、不矜恃、不宰制總攝三句。", "textTrad": "陸希聲以不執有、不矜恃、不宰制總攝三句。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "陆希声以不执有、不矜恃、不宰制总摄三句。" }, { "noteId": "c066", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄以無生之心、無為之事說不有不恃，兼生長收藏為玄德。", "textTrad": "吳澄以無生之心、無為之事說不有不恃，兼生長收藏為玄德。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄以无生之心、无为之事说不有不恃，兼生长收藏为玄德。" }, { "noteId": "c067", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "憨山以生不自有、為不自恃、主不自宰，結出體道虚懷。", "textTrad": "憨山以生不自有、為不自恃、主不自宰，結出體道虚懷。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "憨山以生不自有、为不自恃、主不自宰，结出体道虚怀。" }, { "noteId": "c068", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "河上公以恩德玄闇不可見釋玄德。", "textTrad": "河上公以恩德玄闇不可見釋玄德。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "河上公以恩德玄暗不可见释玄德。" }, { "noteId": "c069", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "王弼以有德而不知其主、出乎幽冥釋玄德。", "textTrad": "王弼以有德而不知其主、出乎幽冥釋玄德。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "王弼以有德而不知其主、出乎幽冥释玄德。" }, { "noteId": "c070", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英以深遠之名、利物忘功釋玄德。", "textTrad": "成玄英以深遠之名、利物忘功釋玄德。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英以深远之名、利物忘功释玄德。" }, { "noteId": "c071", "relation": "御疏", "relationTrad": "御疏", "text": "御疏以德施周普而名迹不彰，嘆其深遠不測。", "textTrad": "御疏以德施周普而名迹不彰，嘆其深遠不測。", "relationSimp": "御疏", "textSimp": "御疏以德施周普而名迹不彰，叹其深远不测。" } ], "nameSimp": "生而不有，为而不恃，长而不宰，是谓玄德", "questionSimp": "「玄德」是道德生畜万物而不居功，还是圣人法道忘功的境界？", "introSimp": "河上公以道生万物不有所取以为利、所施为不恃望其报、长养万物不宰割以为利，恩德玄暗不可得见。王弼以有德而不知其主、出乎幽冥，故谓之玄德。成玄英以生而不有、为而不恃、长而不宰分遣生、畜、长之功，能所俱幻，故为玄德。唐玄宗御注以生而不有、为而不恃、长而不宰具如载营魄章所释，彼章言人修如道，此明道用同人；御疏以不见有生之可生、不恃其功、不为主宰，德施周普而名迹不彰。李荣以伐功恃德非至功大德，生长不恃不宰乃深妙之德。陆希声以生而不执有、为而不矜恃、长而不宰制，是谓玄德；营魄章言人同于道德，此章言道德同于人。吕惠卿以生畜长育成熟养覆莫非道，道终无名，故不有不恃不宰。吴澄以不有无生之心、不恃无为之事，虽长之而非有心有事于宰制，兼生长收藏皆曰玄德。憨山以生之而不自有、作为而不自恃、为万物主而不自宰，所以为玄德；君天下者贵乎体道虚怀。王夫之以物者形矣、势者成矣，灼知而不名言、顺袭而不易置，天下不相知而德我，我姑不得已而德之，因万物之不相知而谓之玄德。诸家或以道德忘功、或以圣人法道、或以无名无心立说，大旨皆归于玄德。" } ], "requiredSources": [ "heshanggong", "tangxuanzong" ] }, "schema": "librebook.chapter/1", "generatedAt": "2026-10-30T11:41:46.915Z", "keyPrefix": "laozi-51", "idRules": { "chapter": "章节目录名（slug），如 01；URL 为 /laozi/01/。", "sentence": "章内局部编号 sNNN，全篇引用使用 laozi-01:sNNN；页面锚点继续使用 #sNNN。", "commentary": "章内注号 cNNN，字词注 nNNN，校记 kNNN；编号在章内稳定，跨章引用时加章节前缀。", "paragraph": "章内段落号 pNNN，与 sentence.paragraph 对应。" }, "book": { "id": "laozi", "slug": "laozi", "title": "老子", "titleSimp": "老子", "author": "老聃", "authorSimp": "老聃", "era": "春秋", "eraSimp": "春秋", "editor": "河上公、王弼等", "editorSimp": "河上公、王弼等", "edition": "王弼《老子注》", "editionSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "baseLabel": "王弼《老子注》", "baseLabelSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "separationLabel": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英義疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、嚴遵指歸、李榮注、陸希聲傳、呂惠卿傳、蘇轍老子解、吳澄道德真經注、憨山道德經解、魏源老子本義、俞樾平議、王夫之老子衍十四家", "separationLabelSimp": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英义疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、严遵指归、李荣注、陆希声传、吕惠卿传、苏辙老子解、吴澄道德真经注、憨山道德经解、魏源老子本义、俞樾平议、王夫之老子衍十四家", "intro": "《老子》八十一章，分道經、德經。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》為底本，逐章整理正文、舊注、今譯與校記；第一至八十一章已上線，全帙完竣。", "introSimp": "《老子》八十一章，分道经、德经。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》为底本，逐章整理正文、旧注、今译与校记；第一至八十一章已上线，全帙完竣。" }, "volume": { "id": "dejing", "order": 2, "title": "德經", "titleSimp": "德经" }, "chapter": { "id": "laozi-51", "slug": "51", "order": 51, "title": "第五十一章", "titleSimp": "第五十一章", "status": "published", "revision": "初校", "review": "待复核", "updated": "2026-10-30", "summary": "全章七句：首句標出道生、德畜、物形、勢成四重功用；第二句言萬物由是尊道而貴德；第三句說道德之尊貴不在爵命而常出自然；第四句疊言道生德畜；第五句分說長育、亭毒、養覆之功；第六句以生而不有、為而不恃、長而不宰總攝；末句結為玄德。河上公以道生萬物，德一布氣而畜養，一為萬物設形像、作寒暑之勢以成之；道德所為無不盡敬，道不命召萬物而常自然應之如影響；道非但生之，乃復長養成熟覆育、全其性命，人君治國治身亦當如之；生而不取以為利，為而不望其報，長而不宰割以為利；恩德玄闇不可得見。王弼以物生而後畜、畜而後形、形而後成，生由於道、畜由於德、形由於物、成由於勢，皆有所由而莫不由道；道為物之所由、德為物之所得，由之乃得故不得不尊，失之則害故不得不貴；「命」並作「爵」；成其實而各得其庇蔭、不傷其體；有德而不知其主、出乎幽冥，故謂之玄德。成玄英以至道虚玄通生萬物、上德慈救畜養群品；物形謂禀道而有形質，勢成謂以德化導、陶營心靈、令行業淳熟；蒼生荷賴而日用不知，故勸令崇尚；道德尊貴無關爵命，故常自然；重疊前文而直舉道不言德，明德不異道；長育成孰養覆各有其義；生而不有、為而不恃、長而不宰，分遣生、畜、長之功；玄德為深遠之名。唐玄宗御注以道生德畜而品物流形，乾知坤作、天地為形，天時地利陰陽之勢而物資以成；萬物由道德生畜故尊貴，道德之尊非假爵命；增進曰長、安撫曰育；生而不有、為而不恃、長而不宰，具如載營魄章所釋，彼章言人修如道，此明道用同人。御疏以道降沖和之氣陶冶萬物、德得也畜養也；始之為生、養之為畜；輔相曰成、遂終曰熟、資給曰養、蔭庇曰覆；道生萬物而不見有生之可生，忘生之功；德之為養而不恃其功；雖居萬物之長而不為主宰；玄者深遠不測之名。嚴遵《玄德纂疏》卷十四存輯文四條，以物形謂乾知坤作、兆形位，勢成謂寒暑相成、各得成遂；萬物由道德生畜故尊貴；道德尊貴非假爵命，但生成被物而自然尊貴；生畜覆結首兩句，長育成孰養覆八者皆道德之功用。李榮以至道運而無壅、玄德動而不滯；約事分用，道生則理歸於道、德畜則義在於德；道德恩隆於父母、功蓋於天地，理當尊貴；道德虚忘自然尊貴，非由爵命；進益曰長、撫恤曰育、構立曰成、圓足曰熟、資給曰養、衣被曰覆；伐功恃德非至功大德。陸希聲以物生而後畜、畜而後形、形而後成，所由生者道、所以畜者德、形其材者事、成其用者勢；道為真精之體、德為妙物之用，體可兼用、用不可兼體；禀精謂之生、含炁謂之畜、遂形謂之長、字材謂之育、權成謂之亭、量用謂之毒、保和謂之養、護傷謂之覆；生而不執有、為而不矜恃、長而不宰制，是謂玄德；營魄章言人同於道德，此章言道德同於人。呂惠卿以萬物之生本於无名、其畜在一而未形，无名者道、一而未形者德；及其為物則特形之，形勢皆勢之必然；勢出於形、形出於德、德出於道，道德本而形勢末，本尊末卑；莫之爵而常自然，故能以无為柔弱勝形勢剛强；生畜長育成熟養覆莫非道，而道終无名，故不有不恃不宰。蘇轍以道為萬物之母，運而為德、牧養群眾而不辭；道德不能自形，因物而後形見；物不能自成，積而為勢；尊道如父兄、貴德如侯王，道無位而德有名；恃爵而後尊貴者非實尊貴。吳澄以此章為其第四十三章，以春生、夏長、秋收、冬藏配元亨利貞，萬物生長收藏皆由道德，道尊如父、德貴如母，道德二而一，道即德、德即道；天子受命於天、諸侯受命於君，道尊德貴則非有命之者；長育申物形、成熟申勢成、養申長育、覆申成熟，覆謂反本復命；兼生長收藏皆曰玄德。憨山以道德為萬物之本，欲人體道虚懷而造乎至德；道為天地根，非道不生、非德不畜，畜即長養；道德無形，因物以形；四時寒暑生殺之勢，春氣逼物故生、秋氣逼物故成；道無位而尊、無名而貴，非有以命之；侯王受命於天、卿相受命於君，禀命而得者可奪；體至虚故用至大，生長含育成熟覆護；生之而不自有、作為而不自恃、為萬物主而不自宰，所以為玄德。魏源以此章為其第四十四章；校各本或無「夫」字，傅奕及開元本「命」作「爵」；「亭毒」河上作「成熟」，畢沅云亭、成、毒、熟聲義相近；「養」傅奕作「蓋」；章末案《釋文》亭訓別、平、均、調，《易·師卦》馬注毒訓治，生畜如春、長育如夏、亭毒如秋冬，勢成則養覆；諸家解「莫之命」為爵命，獨李榮謂道無心命物，於義為優。王夫之以道既已生、既已畜且覆，而我何生何為何長；鄰人炊囷粟以自飽，彼未嘗食於我而未嘗不食於此；物者形矣、勢者成矣，灼知而不名言、順襲而不易置，天下不相知而德我，我姑不得已而德之，因萬物之不相知而謂之玄德。河上公十一注、王弼四注、成玄英十二注、唐玄宗御注御疏十二注、嚴遵四注、李榮五注、陸希聲四注、呂惠卿三注、蘇轍三注、吳澄五注、憨山四注、魏源三注、王夫之一注；俞樾《諸子平議》此章未列，故十三家。河上公題「養德第五十一」，《玄德纂疏》、呂惠卿、蘇轍題「道生之章第五十一」，王弼本無章題；吳澄以此章為其第四十三章，魏源以此章為其第四十四章；王弼道藏本轉錄於「命」下無「而」、「為而不恃」下重出「為而不有」，本站從通行本補正。諸本異文：陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍及王弼注所稱別本「命」作「爵」；河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、嚴遵、李榮、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山、王夫之作「成之熟之」；魏源云傅奕「養」作「蓋」；並見校記。本站以王弼《老子注》道藏本為底本，分列十三家舊注並附今譯。", "summarySimp": "全章七句：首句标出道生、德畜、物形、势成四重功用；第二句言万物由是尊道而贵德；第三句说道德之尊贵不在爵命而常出自然；第四句叠言道生德畜；第五句分说长育、亭毒、养覆之功；第六句以生而不有、为而不恃、长而不宰总摄；末句结为玄德。河上公以道生万物，德一布气而畜养，一为万物设形像、作寒暑之势以成之；道德所为无不尽敬，道不命召万物而常自然应之如影响；道非但生之，乃复长养成熟复育、全其性命，人君治国治身亦当如之；生而不取以为利，为而不望其报，长而不宰割以为利；恩德玄暗不可得见。王弼以物生而后畜、畜而后形、形而后成，生由于道、畜由于德、形由于物、成由于势，皆有所由而莫不由道；道为物之所由、德为物之所得，由之乃得故不得不尊，失之则害故不得不贵；「命」并作「爵」；成其实而各得其庇荫、不伤其体；有德而不知其主、出乎幽冥，故谓之玄德。成玄英以至道虚玄通生万物、上德慈救畜养群品；物形谓禀道而有形质，势成谓以德化导、陶营心灵、令行业淳熟；苍生荷赖而日用不知，故劝令崇尚；道德尊贵无关爵命，故常自然；重叠前文而直举道不言德，明德不异道；长育成孰养覆各有其义；生而不有、为而不恃、长而不宰，分遣生、畜、长之功；玄德为深远之名。唐玄宗御注以道生德畜而品物流形，乾知坤作、天地为形，天时地利阴阳之势而物资以成；万物由道德生畜故尊贵，道德之尊非假爵命；增进曰长、安抚曰育；生而不有、为而不恃、长而不宰，具如载营魄章所释，彼章言人修如道，此明道用同人。御疏以道降冲和之气陶冶万物、德得也畜养也；始之为生、养之为畜；辅相曰成、遂终曰熟、资给曰养、荫庇曰覆；道生万物而不见有生之可生，忘生之功；德之为养而不恃其功；虽居万物之长而不为主宰；玄者深远不测之名。严遵《玄德纂疏》卷十四存辑文四条，以物形谓乾知坤作、兆形位，势成谓寒暑相成、各得成遂；万物由道德生畜故尊贵；道德尊贵非假爵命，但生成被物而自然尊贵；生畜覆结首两句，长育成孰养覆八者皆道德之功用。李荣以至道运而无壅、玄德动而不滞；约事分用，道生则理归于道、德畜则义在于德；道德恩隆于父母、功盖于天地，理当尊贵；道德虚忘自然尊贵，非由爵命；进益曰长、抚恤曰育、构立曰成、圆足曰熟、资给曰养、衣被曰覆；伐功恃德非至功大德。陆希声以物生而后畜、畜而后形、形而后成，所由生者道、所以畜者德、形其材者事、成其用者势；道为真精之体、德为妙物之用，体可兼用、用不可兼体；禀精谓之生、含炁谓之畜、遂形谓之长、字材谓之育、权成谓之亭、量用谓之毒、保和谓之养、护伤谓之覆；生而不执有、为而不矜恃、长而不宰制，是谓玄德；营魄章言人同于道德，此章言道德同于人。吕惠卿以万物之生本于无名、其畜在一而未形，无名者道、一而未形者德；及其为物则特形之，形势皆势之必然；势出于形、形出于德、德出于道，道德本而形势末，本尊末卑；莫之爵而常自然，故能以无为柔弱胜形势刚强；生畜长育成熟养覆莫非道，而道终无名，故不有不恃不宰。苏辙以道为万物之母，运而为德、牧养群众而不辞；道德不能自形，因物而后形见；物不能自成，积而为势；尊道如父兄、贵德如侯王，道无位而德有名；恃爵而后尊贵者非实尊贵。吴澄以此章为其第四十三章，以春生、夏长、秋收、冬藏配元亨利贞，万物生长收藏皆由道德，道尊如父、德贵如母，道德二而一，道即德、德即道；天子受命于天、诸侯受命于君，道尊德贵则非有命之者；长育申物形、成熟申势成、养申长育、覆申成熟，覆谓反本复命；兼生长收藏皆曰玄德。憨山以道德为万物之本，欲人体道虚怀而造乎至德；道为天地根，非道不生、非德不畜，畜即长养；道德无形，因物以形；四时寒暑生杀之势，春气逼物故生、秋气逼物故成；道无位而尊、无名而贵，非有以命之；侯王受命于天、卿相受命于君，禀命而得者可夺；体至虚故用至大，生长含育成熟覆护；生之而不自有、作为而不自恃、为万物主而不自宰，所以为玄德。魏源以此章为其第四十四章；校各本或无「夫」字，傅奕及开元本「命」作「爵」；「亭毒」河上作「成熟」，毕沅云亭、成、毒、熟声义相近；「养」傅奕作「盖」；章末案《释文》亭训别、平、均、调，《易·师卦》马注毒训治，生畜如春、长育如夏、亭毒如秋冬，势成则养覆；诸家解「莫之命」为爵命，独李荣谓道无心命物，于义为优。王夫之以道既已生、既已畜且覆，而我何生何为何长；邻人炊囷粟以自饱，彼未尝食于我而未尝不食于此；物者形矣、势者成矣，灼知而不名言、顺袭而不易置，天下不相知而德我，我姑不得已而德之，因万物之不相知而谓之玄德。河上公十一注、王弼四注、成玄英十二注、唐玄宗御注御疏十二注、严遵四注、李荣五注、陆希声四注、吕惠卿三注、苏辙三注、吴澄五注、憨山四注、魏源三注、王夫之一注；俞樾《诸子平议》此章未列，故十三家。河上公题「养德第五十一」，《玄德纂疏》、吕惠卿、苏辙题「道生之章第五十一」，王弼本无章题；吴澄以此章为其第四十三章，魏源以此章为其第四十四章；王弼道藏本转录于「命」下无「而」、「为而不恃」下重出「为而不有」，本站从通行本补正。诸本异文：陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙及王弼注所称别本「命」作「爵」；河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、严遵、李荣、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、憨山、王夫之作「成之熟之」；魏源云傅奕「养」作「盖」；并见校记。本站以王弼《老子注》道藏本为底本，分列十三家旧注并附今译。", 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