{ "meta": { "book": { "id": "laozi", "title": "老子", "titleSimp": "老子", "author": "老聃", "authorSimp": "老聃", "era": "春秋", "eraSimp": "春秋", "editor": "河上公、王弼等", "editorSimp": "河上公、王弼等", "edition": "王弼《老子注》", "editionSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "slug": "laozi", "baseLabel": "王弼《老子注》", "baseLabelSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "separationLabel": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英義疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、嚴遵指歸、李榮注、陸希聲傳、呂惠卿傳、蘇轍老子解、吳澄道德真經注、憨山道德經解、魏源老子本義、俞樾平議、王夫之老子衍十四家", "separationLabelSimp": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英义疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、严遵指归、李荣注、陆希声传、吕惠卿传、苏辙老子解、吴澄道德真经注、憨山道德经解、魏源老子本义、俞樾平议、王夫之老子衍十四家", "intro": "《老子》八十一章，分道經、德經。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》為底本，逐章整理正文、舊注、今譯與校記；第一至八十一章已上線，全帙完竣。", "introSimp": "《老子》八十一章，分道经、德经。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》为底本，逐章整理正文、旧注、今译与校记；第一至八十一章已上线，全帙完竣。" }, "chapter": { "id": "laozi-53", "no": 53, "part": "德經", "partSimp": "德经", "title": "第五十三章", "titleSimp": "第五十三章", "intro": "《老子》第五十三章，河上公題「益證第五十三」，《玄德纂疏》、蘇轍題「使我介然章第五十三」，王弼本無章題；吳澄以此章為其第四十四章，魏源以此章為其第四十六章，王夫之標「五十三章」。王弼道藏本正文六句：使我介然有知，行於大道，唯施是畏；大道甚夷，而民好徑；朝甚除，田甚蕪，倉甚虛；服文綵，帶利劍，厭飲食，財貨有餘；是謂盜夸；非道也哉。全章先設言有知行道而唯施為可畏，次言大道平易而民好邪徑，再列朝除田蕪倉虛與服文綵、帶利劍、厭飲食、財貨有餘諸象，末以盜夸、非道結之。河上公以介大也，老子疾時王不行大道故設此言；唯獨畏有所施為，欲賞善恐偽善生，欲信忠恐詐忠起；大道甚平易而民好從邪徑；朝甚除為高臺榭、宮室修，田甚蕪為農事廢、不耕治，倉甚虛為五穀傷害、國無儲；服文綵為好飾偽、貴外華，帶利劍為尚剛強、武且奢，厭飲食、財貨有餘為多嗜欲、無足時；百姓不足而君有餘是由劫盜以為服飾、持行誇人；非道哉為痛傷之辭。王弼以若使我可介然有知、行大道於天下，唯施為之是畏；大道蕩然正平而民猶舍之不由、好從邪徑，況復施為以塞大道之中；朝為宮室、除為絜好，朝甚除則田甚蕪、倉甚虛，設一而眾害生；凡物不以其道得之則皆邪，邪則盜，夸而不以其道得之則竊位，故舉非道以明非道則皆盜夸。成玄英以使我為假設之辭、知為分别、介然為微小；至道虚通妙絶分别，起心分别即乖於本心，諸所施為動之死地故可畏；夷為平正、徑為邪道，顛倒之類背正好邪遂使大道陵遲、小成孔熾；朝甚除為除去故宇更造新宮、彫楹刻桷窮乎綺麗，田甚蕪為徭役既繁農夫喪業，倉甚虛為稼穡有限而國費無貲；服文綵、帶利劍、厭飲食為黼黻文繡以麗其身、干將鏌鎁以衛其命、醪醴膻腥以爽其口；財貨有餘為輕躁荒淫、重賦百姓積斂有餘；多賦多斂如盜如賊、既蓄既積且矜且誇，乖理悖德謂之非道。唐玄宗御注以若使我耿介然矜其有知、欲行大道，既與道不合故唯所施為是皆可畏；御疏以道非知法而人欲以有知行道，有知則與道相乖、失無為清淨之化；大道平易而是畏有知，人多故欲心求捷如彼行人好從邪徑；朝甚除為尚賢矜智生巧偽、除理也，又解朝廷修理峻宇雕牆；田甚蕪為浮食惰業廢農事，倉甚虛為南畝不收無儲積；服文綵為刻彫綺繡害工利，帶利劍為文德不修尚武備，厭飲食為烹肥擊鮮重滋味，財貨有餘為聚斂積實饒珍異；非理而取為盜、矜其所有為誇，誇盜非道適令興歎。嚴遵《玄德纂疏》卷十四存輯文一條，以道德不為智巧故能陶冶天下、造化陰陽，天地不為智巧故能含吐變化，萬物不能逃平易而無穢、要約而易行、無為而巧成、無事而福生；反道而為智巧、動暴於外而與天戾，既非大道可為痛哉。李榮以老君傷時王不從夷路、唯履嶮途，服文綵而帶利劍、厭飲食而積貨財，農田荒穢、倉廪空虛，此乃誇道之人；若使我微知政事必行無為之大道、不涉有為之小徑；正道平而易、邪徑險而難，理國者多履其難、修身者少從其易；朝甚除、田甚蕪為彫墻峻宇、除故造新，下人妨農、良田蕪穢；倉甚虛為年登則廪實、農廢則倉虛；服文綵、帶利劍為捐素以事華、賤文而貴武；厭飲食、資貨有餘為味無味者飲和浴德、為無為者禮士愛賢；取不足、積有餘為盜，愛文綵、事奢侈為誇，唯盜與誇俱非道行。陸希聲以老氏言若吾囂然略無知道之心、始欲希於當世，則唯所行之為務；使我介然微有知常之明、方將行於大道，則唯所施而是畏；大道猶亨衢，平易無往不達，世人欲速由於捷徑，是以崎嶇迷惑不達所趨；入其國其政教可知，觀朝闕甚修除則知好土木，觀田野甚荒蕪則知好力役，觀倉廪甚空虛則知好末作，觀衣服多文彩則知好淫巧，觀佩帶皆利劍則知好武勇，觀飲食常饜飫則知好醉飽，觀資貨常有餘則知好聚斂；皆盜用民力以為夸毗故謂之盜夸，盜夸者非有道之治。呂惠卿以君子之於道不可以不刳心，使我不能刳心而有介然之知行於大道則唯施是畏；大道之為體不知而知則夷之甚，而民乃欲以有知求之是好徑而不知所由；不得其母則其子非吾有，非吾有而取之猶之洒掃其庭内、蕪其田、虛其倉而服文采、帶利劍、厭飲食、資財有餘，非盜誇無以為也。蘇轍以體道者無知無行、無所施設而物自化，今介然有知而行於大道則無所施設建立、非其自然有足畏；大道夷易無有險阻，世之不知者以為迂緩而好徑以求捷，故凡舍其自然而有所施設者皆欲速；俗人昭昭我獨若昏、俗人察察我獨悶悶，豈復飾末廢本以施設為事、夸以誨盜。吳澄以我者汎言衆人非老子自謂，介然與孟子介然用之而成路同、倏然之頃，知字句絶，施猶論語無施勞、孟子施施之施、矜夸張大；卑卑斂退者大道、堂堂夸張者小徑；朝甚除治則宮室奢靡可知，田蕪倉虛謂奪民時而不得耕耨、竭民力而無所蓄積；華佩服以為飾、豐酒肉以為養、私府庫以為富，是猶為盜之人得物多而以夸張於外，夏癸商辛是也。憨山以此言世衰道微、人心不古而極歎道之難行，介然猶些小、乃微少之意，蓋謙辭；天下人心奸險可畏而將施之於誰，有施而無受者非徒無益而又害之；大道甚坦夷直捷而民心邪僻、皆好徑，民好徑則教化衰、教化衰則奸愈甚、奸愈甚則法益嚴，故曰朝甚除；朝廷之法日甚嚴而民因法作姦、更棄本不顧、好為游食，故田日甚蕪、倉日甚虛；在上之人不知止足而虚尚浮華，服文采、帶利劍、厭飲食而積貨財，上行下效，民之為盜皆由上以唱之，故曰是為盜竽，竽為樂之首而為先唱者。魏源以此章為其第四十六章，引姚鼐以「使我介然有知」十四字當屬上章之末，引吳澄介然為倏然之頃、施為矜夸自大，引陳懿典外雖炫飾而内實空虛，引呂惠卿舍道由徑則亡本徇末，引李嘉靖行於大道則蕩然廣大、爭於小徑則矜智欺人；源案以道以不盈為大，不盈者專務於内、有若無、實若虚，今施且夸則事務於外、無而為有、虚而為盈；好大道者其見大、好小徑者其見小，為士則徇名荒德、為庶人則侈末耗本、為國家則飾外虚内；朝甚除以下蓋極言以曉愚迷，諸家或以知行連讀、或訓施曰施為，而韓非子又作盜竽，胥非本旨。王夫之以天下不勝知也，知而施之則物之情狀死於己之耳目，有知者有使我知者，知介然之靡常則己無留好；俄頃之光而終身之據，莽操之奉堯舜為竽、黃巾赤眉之奉湯武為竽，與陰陽之沴奉凝滯之沖氣以為竽而盜其生等，道之不可以介然行也如斯。本站以王弼《老子注》道藏本為底本，分列河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英義疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、嚴遵指歸、李榮注、陸希聲傳、呂惠卿傳、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》與王夫之《老子衍》，並附編者今譯。俞樾《諸子平議》此章未列。", "introSimp": "《老子》第五十三章，河上公题「益证第五十三」，《玄德纂疏》、苏辙题「使我介然章第五十三」，王弼本无章题；吴澄以此章为其第四十四章，魏源以此章为其第四十六章，王夫之标「五十三章」。王弼道藏本正文六句：使我介然有知，行于大道，唯施是畏；大道甚夷，而民好径；朝甚除，田甚芜，仓甚虚；服文彩，带利剑，厌饮食，财货有余；是谓盗夸；非道也哉。全章先设言有知行道而唯施为可畏，次言大道平易而民好邪径，再列朝除田芜仓虚与服文彩、带利剑、厌饮食、财货有余诸象，末以盗夸、非道结之。河上公以介大也，老子疾时王不行大道故设此言；唯独畏有所施为，欲赏善恐伪善生，欲信忠恐诈忠起；大道甚平易而民好从邪径；朝甚除为高台榭、宫室修，田甚芜为农事废、不耕治，仓甚虚为五谷伤害、国无储；服文彩为好饰伪、贵外华，带利剑为尚刚强、武且奢，厌饮食、财货有余为多嗜欲、无足时；百姓不足而君有余是由劫盗以为服饰、持行夸人；非道哉为痛伤之辞。王弼以若使我可介然有知、行大道于天下，唯施为之是畏；大道荡然正平而民犹舍之不由、好从邪径，况复施为以塞大道之中；朝为宫室、除为絜好，朝甚除则田甚芜、仓甚虚，设一而众害生；凡物不以其道得之则皆邪，邪则盗，夸而不以其道得之则窃位，故举非道以明非道则皆盗夸。成玄英以使我为假设之辞、知为分别、介然为微小；至道虚通妙绝分别，起心分别即乖于本心，诸所施为动之死地故可畏；夷为平正、径为邪道，颠倒之类背正好邪遂使大道陵迟、小成孔炽；朝甚除为除去故宇更造新宫、雕楹刻桷穷乎绮丽，田甚芜为徭役既繁农夫丧业，仓甚虚为稼穑有限而国费无赀；服文彩、带利剑、厌饮食为黼黻文绣以丽其身、干将镆鎁以卫其命、醪醴膻腥以爽其口；财货有余为轻躁荒淫、重赋百姓积敛有余；多赋多敛如盗如贼、既蓄既积且矜且夸，乖理悖德谓之非道。唐玄宗御注以若使我耿介然矜其有知、欲行大道，既与道不合故唯所施为是皆可畏；御疏以道非知法而人欲以有知行道，有知则与道相乖、失无为清净之化；大道平易而是畏有知，人多故欲心求捷如彼行人好从邪径；朝甚除为尚贤矜智生巧伪、除理也，又解朝廷修理峻宇雕墙；田甚芜为浮食惰业废农事，仓甚虚为南亩不收无储积；服文彩为刻雕绮绣害工利，带利剑为文德不修尚武备，厌饮食为烹肥击鲜重滋味，财货有余为聚敛积实饶珍异；非理而取为盗、矜其所有为夸，夸盗非道适令兴叹。严遵《玄德纂疏》卷十四存辑文一条，以道德不为智巧故能陶冶天下、造化阴阳，天地不为智巧故能含吐变化，万物不能逃平易而无秽、要约而易行、无为而巧成、无事而福生；反道而为智巧、动暴于外而与天戾，既非大道可为痛哉。李荣以老君伤时王不从夷路、唯履崄途，服文彩而带利剑、厌饮食而积货财，农田荒秽、仓廪空虚，此乃夸道之人；若使我微知政事必行无为之大道、不涉有为之小径；正道平而易、邪径险而难，理国者多履其难、修身者少从其易；朝甚除、田甚芜为雕墙峻宇、除故造新，下人妨农、良田芜秽；仓甚虚为年登则廪实、农废则仓虚；服文彩、带利剑为捐素以事华、贱文而贵武；厌饮食、资货有余为味无味者饮和浴德、为无为者礼士爱贤；取不足、积有余为盗，爱文彩、事奢侈为夸，唯盗与夸俱非道行。陆希声以老氏言若吾嚣然略无知道之心、始欲希于当世，则唯所行之为务；使我介然微有知常之明、方将行于大道，则唯所施而是畏；大道犹亨衢，平易无往不达，世人欲速由于捷径，是以崎岖迷惑不达所趋；入其国其政教可知，观朝阙甚修除则知好土木，观田野甚荒芜则知好力役，观仓廪甚空虚则知好末作，观衣服多文彩则知好淫巧，观佩带皆利剑则知好武勇，观饮食常餍饫则知好醉饱，观资货常有余则知好聚敛；皆盗用民力以为夸毗故谓之盗夸，盗夸者非有道之治。吕惠卿以君子之于道不可以不刳心，使我不能刳心而有介然之知行于大道则唯施是畏；大道之为体不知而知则夷之甚，而民乃欲以有知求之是好径而不知所由；不得其母则其子非吾有，非吾有而取之犹之洒扫其庭内、芜其田、虚其仓而服文采、带利剑、厌饮食、资财有余，非盗夸无以为也。苏辙以体道者无知无行、无所施设而物自化，今介然有知而行于大道则无所施设建立、非其自然有足畏；大道夷易无有险阻，世之不知者以为迂缓而好径以求捷，故凡舍其自然而有所施设者皆欲速；俗人昭昭我独若昏、俗人察察我独闷闷，岂复饰末废本以施设为事、夸以诲盗。吴澄以我者泛言众人非老子自谓，介然与孟子介然用之而成路同、倏然之顷，知字句绝，施犹论语无施劳、孟子施施之施、矜夸张大；卑卑敛退者大道、堂堂夸张者小径；朝甚除治则宫室奢靡可知，田芜仓虚谓夺民时而不得耕耨、竭民力而无所蓄积；华佩服以为饰、丰酒肉以为养、私府库以为富，是犹为盗之人得物多而以夸张于外，夏癸商辛是也。憨山以此言世衰道微、人心不古而极叹道之难行，介然犹些小、乃微少之意，盖谦辞；天下人心奸险可畏而将施之于谁，有施而无受者非徒无益而又害之；大道甚坦夷直捷而民心邪僻、皆好径，民好径则教化衰、教化衰则奸愈甚、奸愈甚则法益严，故曰朝甚除；朝廷之法日甚严而民因法作奸、更弃本不顾、好为游食，故田日甚芜、仓日甚虚；在上之人不知止足而虚尚浮华，服文采、带利剑、厌饮食而积货财，上行下效，民之为盗皆由上以唱之，故曰是为盗竽，竽为乐之首而为先唱者。魏源以此章为其第四十六章，引姚鼐以「使我介然有知」十四字当属上章之末，引吴澄介然为倏然之顷、施为矜夸自大，引陈懿典外虽炫饰而内实空虚，引吕惠卿舍道由径则亡本徇末，引李嘉靖行于大道则荡然广大、争于小径则矜智欺人；源案以道以不盈为大，不盈者专务于内、有若无、实若虚，今施且夸则事务于外、无而为有、虚而为盈；好大道者其见大、好小径者其见小，为士则徇名荒德、为庶人则侈末耗本、为国家则饰外虚内；朝甚除以下盖极言以晓愚迷，诸家或以知行连读、或训施曰施为，而韩非子又作盗竽，胥非本旨。王夫之以天下不胜知也，知而施之则物之情状死于己之耳目，有知者有使我知者，知介然之靡常则己无留好；俄顷之光而终身之据，莽操之奉尧舜为竽、黄巾赤眉之奉汤武为竽，与阴阳之沴奉凝滞之冲气以为竽而盗其生等，道之不可以介然行也如斯。本站以王弼《老子注》道藏本为底本，分列河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英义疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、严遵指归、李荣注、陆希声传、吕惠卿传、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》与王夫之《老子衍》，并附编者今译。俞樾《诸子平议》此章未列。", "guide": "點擊任一句可展開句注；點擊字詞可看本句訓釋；按「諸家並觀」可將同一句的舊注並列對讀，本章十三家舊注。河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮、陸希聲、吳澄逐句或分段分疏；王弼四注、蘇轍三段、呂惠卿三段、魏源六條、王夫之衍文二段；嚴遵僅存輯文一條，憨山以整章一段通釋，本站按文義分條。河上公題「益證」；《玄德纂疏》、蘇轍題「使我介然章」；吳澄以此章為其第四十四章，魏源以此章為其第四十六章，王夫之標「五十三章」。王弼本正文作「而民好徑」「服文綵」「財貨有餘」「是謂盜夸」「非道也哉」；唐玄宗、成玄英、李榮、呂惠卿、蘇轍作「民甚好徑」，陸希聲作「服文彩」「饜飲食」「資貨有餘」，魏源作「惟施是畏」「非道哉」，王夫之作「而人好徑」「是為盜竽」。俞樾《諸子平議》此章未列。", "guideSimp": "点击任一句可展开句注；点击字词可看本句训释；按「诸家并观」可将同一句的旧注并列对读，本章十三家旧注。河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李荣、陆希声、吴澄逐句或分段分疏；王弼四注、苏辙三段、吕惠卿三段、魏源六条、王夫之衍文二段；严遵仅存辑文一条，憨山以整章一段通释，本站按文义分条。河上公题「益证」；《玄德纂疏》、苏辙题「使我介然章」；吴澄以此章为其第四十四章，魏源以此章为其第四十六章，王夫之标「五十三章」。王弼本正文作「而民好径」「服文彩」「财货有余」「是谓盗夸」「非道也哉」；唐玄宗、成玄英、李荣、吕惠卿、苏辙作「民甚好径」，陆希声作「服文彩」「餍饮食」「资货有余」，魏源作「惟施是畏」「非道哉」，王夫之作「而人好径」「是为盗竽」。俞樾《诸子平议》此章未列。", "slug": "53", "order": 53, "status": "published", "revision": "初校", "review": "待复核", "updated": "2026-10-30", "summary": "全章六句：首句設言使我介然有知、行於大道，唯施為是畏；第二句言大道甚夷而民好徑；第三句列朝甚除、田甚蕪、倉甚虛；第四句列服文綵、帶利劍、厭飲食、財貨有餘；第五句結為盜夸；末句歎其非道。河上公以介大也，老子疾時王不行大道故設此言；唯獨畏有所施為，欲賞善恐偽善生，欲信忠恐詐忠起；大道甚平易而民好從邪徑；朝甚除為高臺榭、宮室修，田甚蕪為農事廢、不耕治，倉甚虛為五穀傷害、國無儲；服文綵為好飾偽、貴外華，帶利劍為尚剛強、武且奢，厭飲食、財貨有餘為多嗜欲、無足時；百姓不足而君有餘是由劫盜以為服飾、持行誇人；非道哉為痛傷之辭。王弼以若使我可介然有知、行大道於天下，唯施為之是畏；大道蕩然正平而民猶舍之不由、好從邪徑，況復施為以塞大道之中；朝為宮室、除為絜好，朝甚除則田甚蕪、倉甚虛，設一而眾害生；凡物不以其道得之則皆邪，邪則盜，夸而不以其道得之則竊位，故舉非道以明非道則皆盜夸。成玄英以使我為假設之辭、知為分别、介然為微小；至道虚通妙絶分别，起心分别即乖於本心，諸所施為動之死地故可畏；夷為平正、徑為邪道，顛倒之類背正好邪遂使大道陵遲、小成孔熾；朝甚除為除去故宇更造新宮、彫楹刻桷窮乎綺麗，田甚蕪為徭役既繁農夫喪業，倉甚虛為稼穡有限而國費無貲；服文綵、帶利劍、厭飲食為黼黻文繡以麗其身、干將鏌鎁以衛其命、醪醴膻腥以爽其口；財貨有餘為輕躁荒淫、重賦百姓積斂有餘；多賦多斂如盜如賊、既蓄既積且矜且誇，乖理悖德謂之非道。唐玄宗御注以若使我耿介然矜其有知、欲行大道，既與道不合故唯所施為是皆可畏；御疏以道非知法而人欲以有知行道，有知則與道相乖、失無為清淨之化；大道平易而是畏有知，人多故欲心求捷如彼行人好從邪徑；朝甚除為尚賢矜智生巧偽、除理也，又解朝廷修理峻宇雕牆；田甚蕪為浮食惰業廢農事，倉甚虛為南畝不收無儲積；服文綵為刻彫綺繡害工利，帶利劍為文德不修尚武備，厭飲食為烹肥擊鮮重滋味，財貨有餘為聚斂積實饒珍異；非理而取為盜、矜其所有為誇，誇盜非道適令興歎。嚴遵《玄德纂疏》卷十四存輯文一條，以道德不為智巧故能陶冶天下、造化陰陽，天地不為智巧故能含吐變化，萬物不能逃平易而無穢、要約而易行、無為而巧成、無事而福生；反道而為智巧、動暴於外而與天戾，既非大道可為痛哉。李榮以老君傷時王不從夷路、唯履嶮途，服文綵而帶利劍、厭飲食而積貨財，農田荒穢、倉廪空虛，此乃誇道之人；若使我微知政事必行無為之大道、不涉有為之小徑；正道平而易、邪徑險而難，理國者多履其難、修身者少從其易；朝甚除、田甚蕪為彫墻峻宇、除故造新，下人妨農、良田蕪穢；倉甚虛為年登則廪實、農廢則倉虛；服文綵、帶利劍為捐素以事華、賤文而貴武；厭飲食、資貨有餘為味無味者飲和浴德、為無為者禮士愛賢；取不足、積有餘為盜，愛文綵、事奢侈為誇，唯盜與誇俱非道行。陸希聲以老氏言若吾囂然略無知道之心、始欲希於當世，則唯所行之為務；使我介然微有知常之明、方將行於大道，則唯所施而是畏；大道猶亨衢，平易無往不達，世人欲速由於捷徑，是以崎嶇迷惑不達所趨；入其國其政教可知，觀朝闕甚修除則知好土木，觀田野甚荒蕪則知好力役，觀倉廪甚空虛則知好末作，觀衣服多文彩則知好淫巧，觀佩帶皆利劍則知好武勇，觀飲食常饜飫則知好醉飽，觀資貨常有餘則知好聚斂；皆盜用民力以為夸毗故謂之盜夸，盜夸者非有道之治。呂惠卿以君子之於道不可以不刳心，使我不能刳心而有介然之知行於大道則唯施是畏；大道之為體不知而知則夷之甚，而民乃欲以有知求之是好徑而不知所由；不得其母則其子非吾有，非吾有而取之猶之洒掃其庭内、蕪其田、虛其倉而服文采、帶利劍、厭飲食、資財有餘，非盜誇無以為也。蘇轍以體道者無知無行、無所施設而物自化，今介然有知而行於大道則無所施設建立、非其自然有足畏；大道夷易無有險阻，世之不知者以為迂緩而好徑以求捷，故凡舍其自然而有所施設者皆欲速；俗人昭昭我獨若昏、俗人察察我獨悶悶，豈復飾末廢本以施設為事、夸以誨盜。吳澄以我者汎言衆人非老子自謂，介然與孟子介然用之而成路同、倏然之頃，知字句絶，施猶論語無施勞、孟子施施之施、矜夸張大；卑卑斂退者大道、堂堂夸張者小徑；朝甚除治則宮室奢靡可知，田蕪倉虛謂奪民時而不得耕耨、竭民力而無所蓄積；華佩服以為飾、豐酒肉以為養、私府庫以為富，是猶為盜之人得物多而以夸張於外，夏癸商辛是也。憨山以此言世衰道微、人心不古而極歎道之難行，介然猶些小、乃微少之意，蓋謙辭；天下人心奸險可畏而將施之於誰，有施而無受者非徒無益而又害之；大道甚坦夷直捷而民心邪僻、皆好徑，民好徑則教化衰、教化衰則奸愈甚、奸愈甚則法益嚴，故曰朝甚除；朝廷之法日甚嚴而民因法作姦、更棄本不顧、好為游食，故田日甚蕪、倉日甚虛；在上之人不知止足而虚尚浮華，服文采、帶利劍、厭飲食而積貨財，上行下效，民之為盜皆由上以唱之，故曰是為盜竽，竽為樂之首而為先唱者。魏源以此章為其第四十六章，引姚鼐以「使我介然有知」十四字當屬上章之末，引吳澄介然為倏然之頃、施為矜夸自大，引陳懿典外雖炫飾而内實空虛，引呂惠卿舍道由徑則亡本徇末，引李嘉靖行於大道則蕩然廣大、爭於小徑則矜智欺人；源案以道以不盈為大，不盈者專務於内、有若無、實若虚，今施且夸則事務於外、無而為有、虚而為盈；好大道者其見大、好小徑者其見小，為士則徇名荒德、為庶人則侈末耗本、為國家則飾外虚内；朝甚除以下蓋極言以曉愚迷，諸家或以知行連讀、或訓施曰施為，而韓非子又作盜竽，胥非本旨。王夫之以天下不勝知也，知而施之則物之情狀死於己之耳目，有知者有使我知者，知介然之靡常則己無留好；俄頃之光而終身之據，莽操之奉堯舜為竽、黃巾赤眉之奉湯武為竽，與陰陽之沴奉凝滯之沖氣以為竽而盜其生等，道之不可以介然行也如斯。", "summarySimp": "全章六句：首句设言使我介然有知、行于大道，唯施为是畏；第二句言大道甚夷而民好径；第三句列朝甚除、田甚芜、仓甚虚；第四句列服文彩、带利剑、厌饮食、财货有余；第五句结为盗夸；末句叹其非道。河上公以介大也，老子疾时王不行大道故设此言；唯独畏有所施为，欲赏善恐伪善生，欲信忠恐诈忠起；大道甚平易而民好从邪径；朝甚除为高台榭、宫室修，田甚芜为农事废、不耕治，仓甚虚为五谷伤害、国无储；服文彩为好饰伪、贵外华，带利剑为尚刚强、武且奢，厌饮食、财货有余为多嗜欲、无足时；百姓不足而君有余是由劫盗以为服饰、持行夸人；非道哉为痛伤之辞。王弼以若使我可介然有知、行大道于天下，唯施为之是畏；大道荡然正平而民犹舍之不由、好从邪径，况复施为以塞大道之中；朝为宫室、除为絜好，朝甚除则田甚芜、仓甚虚，设一而众害生；凡物不以其道得之则皆邪，邪则盗，夸而不以其道得之则窃位，故举非道以明非道则皆盗夸。成玄英以使我为假设之辞、知为分别、介然为微小；至道虚通妙绝分别，起心分别即乖于本心，诸所施为动之死地故可畏；夷为平正、径为邪道，颠倒之类背正好邪遂使大道陵迟、小成孔炽；朝甚除为除去故宇更造新宫、雕楹刻桷穷乎绮丽，田甚芜为徭役既繁农夫丧业，仓甚虚为稼穑有限而国费无赀；服文彩、带利剑、厌饮食为黼黻文绣以丽其身、干将镆鎁以卫其命、醪醴膻腥以爽其口；财货有余为轻躁荒淫、重赋百姓积敛有余；多赋多敛如盗如贼、既蓄既积且矜且夸，乖理悖德谓之非道。唐玄宗御注以若使我耿介然矜其有知、欲行大道，既与道不合故唯所施为是皆可畏；御疏以道非知法而人欲以有知行道，有知则与道相乖、失无为清净之化；大道平易而是畏有知，人多故欲心求捷如彼行人好从邪径；朝甚除为尚贤矜智生巧伪、除理也，又解朝廷修理峻宇雕墙；田甚芜为浮食惰业废农事，仓甚虚为南亩不收无储积；服文彩为刻雕绮绣害工利，带利剑为文德不修尚武备，厌饮食为烹肥击鲜重滋味，财货有余为聚敛积实饶珍异；非理而取为盗、矜其所有为夸，夸盗非道适令兴叹。严遵《玄德纂疏》卷十四存辑文一条，以道德不为智巧故能陶冶天下、造化阴阳，天地不为智巧故能含吐变化，万物不能逃平易而无秽、要约而易行、无为而巧成、无事而福生；反道而为智巧、动暴于外而与天戾，既非大道可为痛哉。李荣以老君伤时王不从夷路、唯履崄途，服文彩而带利剑、厌饮食而积货财，农田荒秽、仓廪空虚，此乃夸道之人；若使我微知政事必行无为之大道、不涉有为之小径；正道平而易、邪径险而难，理国者多履其难、修身者少从其易；朝甚除、田甚芜为雕墙峻宇、除故造新，下人妨农、良田芜秽；仓甚虚为年登则廪实、农废则仓虚；服文彩、带利剑为捐素以事华、贱文而贵武；厌饮食、资货有余为味无味者饮和浴德、为无为者礼士爱贤；取不足、积有余为盗，爱文彩、事奢侈为夸，唯盗与夸俱非道行。陆希声以老氏言若吾嚣然略无知道之心、始欲希于当世，则唯所行之为务；使我介然微有知常之明、方将行于大道，则唯所施而是畏；大道犹亨衢，平易无往不达，世人欲速由于捷径，是以崎岖迷惑不达所趋；入其国其政教可知，观朝阙甚修除则知好土木，观田野甚荒芜则知好力役，观仓廪甚空虚则知好末作，观衣服多文彩则知好淫巧，观佩带皆利剑则知好武勇，观饮食常餍饫则知好醉饱，观资货常有余则知好聚敛；皆盗用民力以为夸毗故谓之盗夸，盗夸者非有道之治。吕惠卿以君子之于道不可以不刳心，使我不能刳心而有介然之知行于大道则唯施是畏；大道之为体不知而知则夷之甚，而民乃欲以有知求之是好径而不知所由；不得其母则其子非吾有，非吾有而取之犹之洒扫其庭内、芜其田、虚其仓而服文采、带利剑、厌饮食、资财有余，非盗夸无以为也。苏辙以体道者无知无行、无所施设而物自化，今介然有知而行于大道则无所施设建立、非其自然有足畏；大道夷易无有险阻，世之不知者以为迂缓而好径以求捷，故凡舍其自然而有所施设者皆欲速；俗人昭昭我独若昏、俗人察察我独闷闷，岂复饰末废本以施设为事、夸以诲盗。吴澄以我者泛言众人非老子自谓，介然与孟子介然用之而成路同、倏然之顷，知字句绝，施犹论语无施劳、孟子施施之施、矜夸张大；卑卑敛退者大道、堂堂夸张者小径；朝甚除治则宫室奢靡可知，田芜仓虚谓夺民时而不得耕耨、竭民力而无所蓄积；华佩服以为饰、丰酒肉以为养、私府库以为富，是犹为盗之人得物多而以夸张于外，夏癸商辛是也。憨山以此言世衰道微、人心不古而极叹道之难行，介然犹些小、乃微少之意，盖谦辞；天下人心奸险可畏而将施之于谁，有施而无受者非徒无益而又害之；大道甚坦夷直捷而民心邪僻、皆好径，民好径则教化衰、教化衰则奸愈甚、奸愈甚则法益严，故曰朝甚除；朝廷之法日甚严而民因法作奸、更弃本不顾、好为游食，故田日甚芜、仓日甚虚；在上之人不知止足而虚尚浮华，服文采、带利剑、厌饮食而积货财，上行下效，民之为盗皆由上以唱之，故曰是为盗竽，竽为乐之首而为先唱者。魏源以此章为其第四十六章，引姚鼐以「使我介然有知」十四字当属上章之末，引吴澄介然为倏然之顷、施为矜夸自大，引陈懿典外虽炫饰而内实空虚，引吕惠卿舍道由径则亡本徇末，引李嘉靖行于大道则荡然广大、争于小径则矜智欺人；源案以道以不盈为大，不盈者专务于内、有若无、实若虚，今施且夸则事务于外、无而为有、虚而为盈；好大道者其见大、好小径者其见小，为士则徇名荒德、为庶人则侈末耗本、为国家则饰外虚内；朝甚除以下盖极言以晓愚迷，诸家或以知行连读、或训施曰施为，而韩非子又作盗竽，胥非本旨。王夫之以天下不胜知也，知而施之则物之情状死于己之耳目，有知者有使我知者，知介然之靡常则己无留好；俄顷之光而终身之据，莽操之奉尧舜为竽、黄巾赤眉之奉汤武为竽，与阴阳之沴奉凝滞之冲气以为竽而盗其生等，道之不可以介然行也如斯。", "dataFile": "data/chapters/laozi-53.json", "relationsFile": "data/commentary-relations-laozi-53.json", "url": "/laozi/53/", "volumeId": "dejing", "volumeTitle": "德經", "volumeTitleSimp": "德经", "orderLabel": "第五十三" }, "edition": { "base": "王弼《老子注》", "baseEdition": "王弼《老子注》道藏本（德經）", "separation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》、王弼《老子道德經注》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、嚴遵《道德真經指歸》、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》、王夫之《老子衍》諸本對校；河上公此章據四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引；成玄英、唐玄宗御注御疏、李榮、嚴遵此章據《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引", "punctuation": "數字轉錄所附現代標點，本站僅作閱讀輔助，尚未逐字復核原刻", "digital": "中華典藏網、識典古籍、大道家園公開轉錄、Kanripo 漢籍全文資料庫（僅作文字底本）", "caution": "王弼道藏本正文作「使我介然有知，行於大道，唯施是畏。大道甚夷，而民好徑。朝甚除，田甚蕪，倉甚虛。服文綵，帶利劍，厭飲食，財貨有餘，是謂盜夸。非道也哉」，本站分六句，於「財貨有餘」下改讀句號；河上公題「益證第五十三」，《玄德纂疏》、蘇轍題「使我介然章第五十三」；吳澄以此章為其第四十四章，魏源以此章為其第四十六章，王夫之標「五十三章」。諸本異文：唐玄宗、成玄英、李榮、呂惠卿、蘇轍及《玄德纂疏》所引作「民甚好徑」，陳景元同；陸希聲作「服文彩」「饜飲食」「資貨有餘」，魏源作「惟施是畏」「資貨有餘」「非道哉」，蘇轍作「貨財有餘」，呂惠卿作「資財有餘」「盜誇」，吳澄作「資財有餘」「非道哉」，憨山作「是為盜夸」「非道哉」，王夫之作「而人好徑」「是為盜竽」。韓非子「盜夸」作「盜竽」，王夫之從之。正文從王弼道藏本，異文見校記。", "baseSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "baseEditionSimp": "王弼《老子注》道藏本（德经）", "separationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》、王弼《老子道德经注》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、严遵《道德真经指归》、李荣《道德真经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》、王夫之《老子衍》诸本对校；河上公此章据四部丛刊本，参校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引；成玄英、唐玄宗御注御疏、李荣、严遵此章据《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引", "punctuationSimp": "数字转录所附现代标点，本站仅作阅读辅助，尚未逐字复核原刻", "digitalSimp": "中华典藏网、识典古籍、大道家园公开转录、Kanripo 汉籍全文资料库（仅作文字底本）", "cautionSimp": "王弼道藏本正文作「使我介然有知，行于大道，唯施是畏。大道甚夷，而民好径。朝甚除，田甚芜，仓甚虚。服文彩，带利剑，厌饮食，财货有余，是谓盗夸。非道也哉」，本站分六句，于「财货有余」下改读句号；河上公题「益证第五十三」，《玄德纂疏》、苏辙题「使我介然章第五十三」；吴澄以此章为其第四十四章，魏源以此章为其第四十六章，王夫之标「五十三章」。诸本异文：唐玄宗、成玄英、李荣、吕惠卿、苏辙及《玄德纂疏》所引作「民甚好径」，陈景元同；陆希声作「服文彩」「餍饮食」「资货有余」，魏源作「惟施是畏」「资货有余」「非道哉」，苏辙作「货财有余」，吕惠卿作「资财有余」「盗夸」，吴澄作「资财有余」「非道哉」，憨山作「是为盗夸」「非道哉」，王夫之作「而人好径」「是为盗竽」。韩非子「盗夸」作「盗竽」，王夫之从之。正文从王弼道藏本，异文见校记。" }, "license": { "historical": "公有領域", "translation": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "code": "MIT" }, "stats": { "sentences": 6, "commentaries": 77, "charNotes": 14, "collations": 11 } }, "sources": [ { "id": "heshanggong", "name": "河上公章句", "short": "河上公", "author": "河上公", "work": "老子道德經章句", "era": "漢", "years": "傳漢文帝時", "color": "#a3542c", "desc": "分章句解，兼重治身與治國；此章題「益證第五十三」，以介大也，老子疾時王不行大道故設此言；唯獨畏有所施為，欲賞善恐偽善生，欲信忠恐詐忠起；大道甚平易而民好從邪徑；朝甚除為高臺榭、宮室修，田甚蕪為農事廢、不耕治，倉甚虛為五穀傷害、國無儲；服文綵為好飾偽、貴外華，帶利劍為尚剛強、武且奢，厭飲食、財貨有餘為多嗜欲、無足時；百姓不足而君有餘是由劫盜以為服飾、持行誇人；非道哉為痛傷之辭。此章據四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引；注十二條。", "count": 12, "nameSimp": "河上公章句", "workSimp": "老子道德经章句", "authorSimp": "河上公", "eraSimp": "汉", "yearsSimp": "传汉文帝时", "descSimp": "分章句解，兼重治身与治国；此章题「益证第五十三」，以介大也，老子疾时王不行大道故设此言；唯独畏有所施为，欲赏善恐伪善生，欲信忠恐诈忠起；大道甚平易而民好从邪径；朝甚除为高台榭、宫室修，田甚芜为农事废、不耕治，仓甚虚为五谷伤害、国无储；服文彩为好饰伪、贵外华，带利剑为尚刚强、武且奢，厌饮食、财货有余为多嗜欲、无足时；百姓不足而君有余是由劫盗以为服饰、持行夸人；非道哉为痛伤之辞。此章据四部丛刊本，参校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引；注十二条。", "shortSimp": "河上公" }, { "id": "wangbi", "name": "王弼注", "short": "王注", "author": "王弼", "work": "老子道德經注", "era": "曹魏", "years": "226–249", "color": "#8c5a2b", "desc": "以崇本息末為宗；此章注四條，以若使我可介然有知、行大道於天下，唯施為之是畏；大道蕩然正平而民猶舍之不由、好從邪徑，況復施為以塞大道之中；朝為宮室、除為絜好，朝甚除則田甚蕪、倉甚虛，設一而眾害生；凡物不以其道得之則皆邪，邪則盜，夸而不以其道得之則竊位，故舉非道以明非道則皆盜夸。此章注據《道藏》本王弼《老子注》德經，參校魏源《老子本義》所引。", "count": 4, "nameSimp": "王弼注", "workSimp": "老子道德经注", "authorSimp": "王弼", "eraSimp": "曹魏", "yearsSimp": "226–249", "descSimp": "以崇本息末为宗；此章注四条，以若使我可介然有知、行大道于天下，唯施为之是畏；大道荡然正平而民犹舍之不由、好从邪径，况复施为以塞大道之中；朝为宫室、除为絜好，朝甚除则田甚芜、仓甚虚，设一而众害生；凡物不以其道得之则皆邪，邪则盗，夸而不以其道得之则窃位，故举非道以明非道则皆盗夸。此章注据《道藏》本王弼《老子注》德经，参校魏源《老子本义》所引。", "shortSimp": "王注" }, { "id": "chengxuanying", "name": "成玄英疏", "short": "成疏", "author": "成玄英", "work": "老子道德經義疏", "era": "唐", "years": "約 608–669", "color": "#6b7a4a", "desc": "以重玄雙遣為宗；此章《玄德纂疏》卷十四存義疏，以使我為假設之辭、知為分别、介然為微小；至道虚通妙絶分别，起心分别即乖於本心，諸所施為動之死地故可畏；夷為平正、徑為邪道，顛倒之類背正好邪遂使大道陵遲、小成孔熾；朝甚除為除去故宇更造新宮、彫楹刻桷窮乎綺麗，田甚蕪為徭役既繁農夫喪業，倉甚虛為稼穡有限而國費無貲；服文綵、帶利劍、厭飲食為黼黻文繡以麗其身、干將鏌鎁以衛其命、醪醴膻腥以爽其口；財貨有餘為輕躁荒淫、重賦百姓積斂有餘；多賦多斂如盜如賊、既蓄既積且矜且誇，乖理悖德謂之非道。注八條。", "count": 8, "nameSimp": "成玄英疏", "workSimp": "老子道德经义疏", "authorSimp": "成玄英", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "约 608–669", "descSimp": "以重玄双遣为宗；此章《玄德纂疏》卷十四存义疏，以使我为假设之辞、知为分别、介然为微小；至道虚通妙绝分别，起心分别即乖于本心，诸所施为动之死地故可畏；夷为平正、径为邪道，颠倒之类背正好邪遂使大道陵迟、小成孔炽；朝甚除为除去故宇更造新宫、雕楹刻桷穷乎绮丽，田甚芜为徭役既繁农夫丧业，仓甚虚为稼穑有限而国费无赀；服文彩、带利剑、厌饮食为黼黻文绣以丽其身、干将镆鎁以卫其命、醪醴膻腥以爽其口；财货有余为轻躁荒淫、重赋百姓积敛有余；多赋多敛如盗如贼、既蓄既积且矜且夸，乖理悖德谓之非道。注八条。", "shortSimp": "成疏" }, { "id": "tangxuanzong", "name": "唐玄宗御注御疏", "short": "御注", "author": "唐玄宗", "work": "道德真經注疏", "era": "唐", "years": "685–762", "color": "#9a4b3f", "desc": "御注簡質、御疏詳申，以理國修身並重；此章以若使我耿介然矜其有知、欲行大道，既與道不合故唯所施為是皆可畏；道非知法而人欲以有知行道，有知則與道相乖、失無為清淨之化；大道平易而是畏有知，人多故欲心求捷如彼行人好從邪徑；朝甚除為尚賢矜智生巧偽、除理也，又解朝廷修理峻宇雕牆；田甚蕪為浮食惰業廢農事，倉甚虛為南畝不收無儲積；帶利劍為文德不修尚武備，厭飲食為烹肥擊鮮重滋味，財貨有餘為聚斂積實饒珍異；非理而取為盜、矜其所有為誇，誇盜非道適令興歎。注二十條，御注御疏分列。此章據《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引。", "count": 20, "nameSimp": "唐玄宗御注御疏", "workSimp": "道德真经注疏", "authorSimp": "唐玄宗", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "685–762", "descSimp": "御注简质、御疏详申，以理国修身并重；此章以若使我耿介然矜其有知、欲行大道，既与道不合故唯所施为是皆可畏；道非知法而人欲以有知行道，有知则与道相乖、失无为清净之化；大道平易而是畏有知，人多故欲心求捷如彼行人好从邪径；朝甚除为尚贤矜智生巧伪、除理也，又解朝廷修理峻宇雕墙；田甚芜为浮食惰业废农事，仓甚虚为南亩不收无储积；带利剑为文德不修尚武备，厌饮食为烹肥击鲜重滋味，财货有余为聚敛积实饶珍异；非理而取为盗、矜其所有为夸，夸盗非道适令兴叹。注二十条，御注御疏分列。此章据《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引。", "shortSimp": "御注" }, { "id": "yanzun", "name": "嚴遵指歸", "short": "嚴遵", "author": "嚴遵", "work": "道德真經指歸", "era": "漢", "years": "約前 83–公元 6", "color": "#7a6a52", "desc": "道經原卷缺佚，此章僅《玄德纂疏》卷十四存輯文一條，以道德不為智巧故能陶冶天下、造化陰陽，天地不為智巧故能含吐變化，萬物不能逃平易而無穢、要約而易行、無為而巧成、無事而福生；反道而為智巧、動暴於外而與天戾，既非大道可為痛哉。注一條。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "严遵指归", "workSimp": "道德真经指归", "authorSimp": "严遵", "eraSimp": "汉", "yearsSimp": "约前 83–公元 6", "descSimp": "道经原卷缺佚，此章仅《玄德纂疏》卷十四存辑文一条，以道德不为智巧故能陶冶天下、造化阴阳，天地不为智巧故能含吐变化，万物不能逃平易而无秽、要约而易行、无为而巧成、无事而福生；反道而为智巧、动暴于外而与天戾，既非大道可为痛哉。注一条。", "shortSimp": "严遵" }, { "id": "lirong", "name": "李榮注", "short": "李榮", "author": "李榮", "work": "道德真經注", "era": "唐", "years": "約 600–680", "color": "#5f6f8a", "desc": "以道本德用、修身治國並說為宗；此章以老君傷時王不從夷路、唯履嶮途，服文綵而帶利劍、厭飲食而積貨財，農田荒穢、倉廪空虛，此乃誇道之人；若使我微知政事必行無為之大道、不涉有為之小徑；正道平而易、邪徑險而難，理國者多履其難、修身者少從其易；朝甚除、田甚蕪為彫墻峻宇、除故造新，下人妨農、良田蕪穢；倉甚虛為年登則廪實、農廢則倉虛；服文綵、帶利劍為捐素以事華、賤文而貴武；厭飲食、資貨有餘為味無味者飲和浴德、為無為者禮士愛賢；取不足、積有餘為盜，愛文綵、事奢侈為誇，唯盜與誇俱非道行。注七條。", "count": 7, "nameSimp": "李荣注", "workSimp": "道德真经注", "authorSimp": "李荣", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "约 600–680", "descSimp": "以道本德用、修身治国并说为宗；此章以老君伤时王不从夷路、唯履崄途，服文彩而带利剑、厌饮食而积货财，农田荒秽、仓廪空虚，此乃夸道之人；若使我微知政事必行无为之大道、不涉有为之小径；正道平而易、邪径险而难，理国者多履其难、修身者少从其易；朝甚除、田甚芜为雕墙峻宇、除故造新，下人妨农、良田芜秽；仓甚虚为年登则廪实、农废则仓虚；服文彩、带利剑为捐素以事华、贱文而贵武；厌饮食、资货有余为味无味者饮和浴德、为无为者礼士爱贤；取不足、积有余为盗，爱文彩、事奢侈为夸，唯盗与夸俱非道行。注七条。", "shortSimp": "李荣" }, { "id": "luxisheng", "name": "陸希聲傳", "short": "陸傳", "author": "陸希聲", "work": "道德經傳", "era": "唐", "years": "？–895", "color": "#8a6f3a", "desc": "以體用、本末說經，長於政教觀人；此章以老氏言若吾囂然略無知道之心、始欲希於當世，則唯所行之為務；使我介然微有知常之明、方將行於大道，則唯所施而是畏；大道猶亨衢，平易無往不達，世人欲速由於捷徑，是以崎嶇迷惑不達所趨；入其國其政教可知，觀朝闕甚修除則知好土木，觀田野甚荒蕪則知好力役，觀倉廪甚空虛則知好末作，觀衣服多文彩則知好淫巧，觀佩帶皆利劍則知好武勇，觀飲食常饜飫則知好醉飽，觀資貨常有餘則知好聚斂；皆盜用民力以為夸毗故謂之盜夸，盜夸者非有道之治。注五條。", "count": 5, "nameSimp": "陆希声传", "workSimp": "道德经传", "authorSimp": "陆希声", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "？–895", "descSimp": "以体用、本末说经，长于政教观人；此章以老氏言若吾嚣然略无知道之心、始欲希于当世，则唯所行之为务；使我介然微有知常之明、方将行于大道，则唯所施而是畏；大道犹亨衢，平易无往不达，世人欲速由于捷径，是以崎岖迷惑不达所趋；入其国其政教可知，观朝阙甚修除则知好土木，观田野甚荒芜则知好力役，观仓廪甚空虚则知好末作，观衣服多文彩则知好淫巧，观佩带皆利剑则知好武勇，观饮食常餍饫则知好醉饱，观资货常有余则知好聚敛；皆盗用民力以为夸毗故谓之盗夸，盗夸者非有道之治。注五条。", "shortSimp": "陆传" }, { "id": "lvhuiqing", "name": "呂惠卿傳", "short": "呂傳", "author": "呂惠卿", "work": "道德真經傳", "era": "宋", "years": "1032–1111", "color": "#6a7d5a", "desc": "以道體無知、守母為本；此章以君子之於道不可以不刳心，使我不能刳心而有介然之知行於大道則唯施是畏；大道之為體不知而知則夷之甚，而民乃欲以有知求之是好徑而不知所由；不得其母則其子非吾有，非吾有而取之猶之洒掃其庭内、蕪其田、虛其倉而服文采、帶利劍、厭飲食、資財有餘，非盜誇無以為也。注三條。", "count": 3, "nameSimp": "吕惠卿传", "workSimp": "道德真经传", "authorSimp": "吕惠卿", "eraSimp": "宋", "yearsSimp": "1032–1111", "descSimp": "以道体无知、守母为本；此章以君子之于道不可以不刳心，使我不能刳心而有介然之知行于大道则唯施是畏；大道之为体不知而知则夷之甚，而民乃欲以有知求之是好径而不知所由；不得其母则其子非吾有，非吾有而取之犹之洒扫其庭内、芜其田、虚其仓而服文采、带利剑、厌饮食、资财有余，非盗夸无以为也。注三条。", "shortSimp": "吕传" }, { "id": "suzhe", "name": "蘇轍老子解", "short": "蘇解", "author": "蘇轍", "work": "老子解", "era": "宋", "years": "1039–1112", "color": "#5d7080", "desc": "以體道無知、無所施設為宗；此章以體道者無知無行、無所施設而物自化，今介然有知而行於大道則無所施設建立、非其自然有足畏；大道夷易無有險阻，世之不知者以為迂緩而好徑以求捷，故凡舍其自然而有所施設者皆欲速；俗人昭昭我獨若昏、俗人察察我獨悶悶，豈復飾末廢本以施設為事、夸以誨盜。注三條。", "count": 3, "nameSimp": "苏辙老子解", "workSimp": "老子解", "authorSimp": "苏辙", "eraSimp": "宋", "yearsSimp": "1039–1112", "descSimp": "以体道无知、无所施设为宗；此章以体道者无知无行、无所施设而物自化，今介然有知而行于大道则无所施设建立、非其自然有足畏；大道夷易无有险阻，世之不知者以为迂缓而好径以求捷，故凡舍其自然而有所施设者皆欲速；俗人昭昭我独若昏、俗人察察我独闷闷，岂复饰末废本以施设为事、夸以诲盗。注三条。", "shortSimp": "苏解" }, { "id": "wucheng", "name": "吳澄道德真經注", "short": "吳注", "author": "吳澄", "work": "道德真經注", "era": "元", "years": "1249–1333", "color": "#7b5f7a", "desc": "以理氣、斂退說經，兼重字義訓詁；此章以我者汎言衆人非老子自謂，介然與孟子介然用之而成路同、倏然之頃，知字句絶，施猶論語無施勞、孟子施施之施、矜夸張大；卑卑斂退者大道、堂堂夸張者小徑；朝甚除治則宮室奢靡可知，田蕪倉虛謂奪民時而不得耕耨、竭民力而無所蓄積；華佩服以為飾、豐酒肉以為養、私府庫以為富，是猶為盜之人得物多而以夸張於外，夏癸商辛是也。注三條。此章為其第四十四章。", "count": 3, "nameSimp": "吴澄道德真经注", "workSimp": "道德真经注", "authorSimp": "吴澄", "eraSimp": "元", "yearsSimp": "1249–1333", "descSimp": "以理气、敛退说经，兼重字义训诂；此章以我者泛言众人非老子自谓，介然与孟子介然用之而成路同、倏然之顷，知字句绝，施犹论语无施劳、孟子施施之施、矜夸张大；卑卑敛退者大道、堂堂夸张者小径；朝甚除治则宫室奢靡可知，田芜仓虚谓夺民时而不得耕耨、竭民力而无所蓄积；华佩服以为饰、丰酒肉以为养、私府库以为富，是犹为盗之人得物多而以夸张于外，夏癸商辛是也。注三条。此章为其第四十四章。", "shortSimp": "吴注" }, { "id": "hanshan", "name": "憨山道德經解", "short": "憨山", "author": "釋德清", "work": "道德經解", "era": "明", "years": "1546–1623", "color": "#8a5f4a", "desc": "以世衰道微、人心不古為嘆，重在教化與上行下效；此章以介然猶些小、乃微少之意，蓋謙辭；天下人心奸險可畏而將施之於誰，有施而無受者非徒無益而又害之；大道甚坦夷直捷而民心邪僻、皆好徑，民好徑則教化衰、教化衰則奸愈甚、奸愈甚則法益嚴，故曰朝甚除；朝廷之法日甚嚴而民因法作姦、更棄本不顧、好為游食，故田日甚蕪、倉日甚虛；在上之人不知止足而虚尚浮華，服文采、帶利劍、厭飲食而積貨財，上行下效，民之為盜皆由上以唱之，故曰是為盜竽，竽為樂之首而為先唱者。注三條。", "count": 3, "nameSimp": "憨山道德经解", "workSimp": "道德经解", "authorSimp": "释德清", "eraSimp": "明", "yearsSimp": "1546–1623", "descSimp": "以世衰道微、人心不古为叹，重在教化与上行下效；此章以介然犹些小、乃微少之意，盖谦辞；天下人心奸险可畏而将施之于谁，有施而无受者非徒无益而又害之；大道甚坦夷直捷而民心邪僻、皆好径，民好径则教化衰、教化衰则奸愈甚、奸愈甚则法益严，故曰朝甚除；朝廷之法日甚严而民因法作奸、更弃本不顾、好为游食，故田日甚芜、仓日甚虚；在上之人不知止足而虚尚浮华，服文采、带利剑、厌饮食而积货财，上行下效，民之为盗皆由上以唱之，故曰是为盗竽，竽为乐之首而为先唱者。注三条。", "shortSimp": "憨山" }, { "id": "weiyuan", "name": "魏源老子本義", "short": "魏源", "author": "魏源", "work": "老子本義", "era": "清", "years": "1794–1857", "color": "#5a6a5a", "desc": "以不盈務内為宗，博引諸家而斷以源案；此章為其第四十六章，引姚鼐以「使我介然有知」十四字當屬上章之末，引吳澄介然為倏然之頃、施為矜夸自大，引陳懿典外雖炫飾而内實空虛，引呂惠卿舍道由徑則亡本徇末，引李嘉靖行於大道則蕩然廣大、爭於小徑則矜智欺人；源案以道以不盈為大，不盈者專務於内、有若無、實若虚，今施且夸則事務於外、無而為有、虚而為盈；好大道者其見大、好小徑者其見小，為士則徇名荒德、為庶人則侈末耗本、為國家則飾外虚内；朝甚除以下蓋極言以曉愚迷，諸家或以知行連讀、或訓施曰施為，而韓非子又作盜竽，胥非本旨。注六條。", "count": 6, "nameSimp": "魏源老子本义", "workSimp": "老子本义", "authorSimp": "魏源", "eraSimp": "清", "yearsSimp": "1794–1857", "descSimp": "以不盈务内为宗，博引诸家而断以源案；此章为其第四十六章，引姚鼐以「使我介然有知」十四字当属上章之末，引吴澄介然为倏然之顷、施为矜夸自大，引陈懿典外虽炫饰而内实空虚，引吕惠卿舍道由径则亡本徇末，引李嘉靖行于大道则荡然广大、争于小径则矜智欺人；源案以道以不盈为大，不盈者专务于内、有若无、实若虚，今施且夸则事务于外、无而为有、虚而为盈；好大道者其见大、好小径者其见小，为士则徇名荒德、为庶人则侈末耗本、为国家则饰外虚内；朝甚除以下盖极言以晓愚迷，诸家或以知行连读、或训施曰施为，而韩非子又作盗竽，胥非本旨。注六条。", "shortSimp": "魏源" }, { "id": "wangfuzhi", "name": "王夫之老子衍", "short": "船山", "author": "王夫之", "work": "老子衍", "era": "清", "years": "1619–1692", "color": "#6a5a7a", "desc": "以氣化、知幾立說，重在「介然」之靡常；此章標「五十三章」，以天下不勝知也，知而施之則物之情狀死於己之耳目，有知者有使我知者，知介然之靡常則己無留好；俄頃之光而終身之據，莽操之奉堯舜為竽、黃巾赤眉之奉湯武為竽，與陰陽之沴奉凝滯之沖氣以為竽而盜其生等，道之不可以介然行也如斯。衍文二段。", "count": 2, "nameSimp": "王夫之老子衍", "workSimp": "老子衍", "authorSimp": "王夫之", "eraSimp": "清", "yearsSimp": "1619–1692", "descSimp": "以气化、知几立说，重在「介然」之靡常；此章标「五十三章」，以天下不胜知也，知而施之则物之情状死于己之耳目，有知者有使我知者，知介然之靡常则己无留好；俄顷之光而终身之据，莽操之奉尧舜为竽、黄巾赤眉之奉汤武为竽，与阴阳之沴奉凝滞之冲气以为竽而盗其生等，道之不可以介然行也如斯。衍文二段。", "shortSimp": "船山" }, { "id": "translator", "name": "本站今譯", "short": "今譯", "author": "LibreBook 編者", "work": "今譯", "era": "當代", "years": "", "color": "#8a8a8a", "desc": "編者據舊注與上下文所作語體今譯，供閱讀參照。", "count": 6, "nameSimp": "本站今译", "workSimp": "今译", "authorSimp": "LibreBook 编者", "eraSimp": "当代", "yearsSimp": "", "descSimp": "编者据旧注与上下文所作语体今译，供阅读参照。", "shortSimp": "今译" } ], "sentences": [ { "id": "s001", "paragraph": 1, "text": "使我介然有知，行於大道，唯施是畏。", "textSimp": "使我介然有知，行于大道，唯施是畏。", "translation": "假使我忽然间有了知慧，要去行走大道，唯一可畏的就是施为造作。", "translationTrad": "假使我忽然間有了知慧，要去行走大道，唯一可畏的就是施為造作。", "noteIds": [ "c001", "c002", "c003", "c004", "c005", "c006", "c007", "c008", "c009", "c010", "c011", "c012", "c013", "c014", "c015" ], "noteCount": 15, "charNoteIds": [ "n001", "n002", "n003" ], "key": "laozi-53:s001", "n": 1 }, { "id": "s002", "paragraph": 1, "text": "大道甚夷，而民好徑。", "textSimp": "大道甚夷，而民好径。", "translation": "大道十分平坦，而人们却偏好邪僻的小径。", "translationTrad": "大道十分平坦，而人們卻偏好邪僻的小徑。", "noteIds": [ "c016", "c017", "c018", "c019", "c020", "c021", "c022", "c023", "c024", "c025", "c026", "c027", "c014", "c028" ], "noteCount": 14, "charNoteIds": [ "n004", "n005" ], "key": "laozi-53:s002", "n": 2 }, { "id": "s003", "paragraph": 1, "text": "朝甚除，田甚蕪，倉甚虛。", "textSimp": "朝甚除，田甚芜，仓甚虚。", "translation": "朝廷宫室修治得十分华美，田野却十分荒芜，仓廪却十分空虚。", "translationTrad": "朝廷宮室修治得十分華美，田野卻十分荒蕪，倉廪卻十分空虛。", "noteIds": [ "c029", "c030", "c031", "c032", "c033", "c034", "c035", "c036", "c037", "c038", "c039", "c040", "c041", "c042", "c043", "c044", "c045", "c046", "c027", "c047", "c075" ], "noteCount": 21, "charNoteIds": [ "n006", "n007", "n008" ], "key": "laozi-53:s003", "n": 3 }, { "id": "s004", "paragraph": 1, "text": "服文綵，帶利劍，厭飲食，財貨有餘。", "textSimp": "服文彩，带利剑，厌饮食，财货有余。", "translation": "穿着锦绣衣裳，佩带锋利宝剑，饱足于饮食，财货堆积有余。", "translationTrad": "穿着錦繡衣裳，佩帶鋒利寶劍，飽足於飲食，財貨堆積有餘。", "noteIds": [ "c048", "c049", "c050", "c051", "c052", "c053", "c054", "c055", "c056", "c057", "c058", "c059", "c060", "c061", "c062", "c063", "c045", "c046", "c064", "c074", "c047", "c065", "c075" ], "noteCount": 23, "charNoteIds": [ "n009", "n010", "n011", "n012" ], "key": "laozi-53:s004", "n": 4 }, { "id": "s005", "paragraph": 1, "text": "是謂盜夸。", "textSimp": "是谓盗夸。", "translation": "这就叫作盗夸。", "translationTrad": "這就叫作盜夸。", "noteIds": [ "c066", "c067", "c068", "c069", "c070", "c071", "c072", "c073", "c045", "c046", "c064", "c074", "c075", "c076" ], "noteCount": 14, "charNoteIds": [ "n013" ], "key": "laozi-53:s005", "n": 5 }, { "id": "s006", "paragraph": 1, "text": "非道也哉！", "textSimp": "非道也哉！", "translation": "这哪里是道啊！", "translationTrad": "這哪裏是道啊！", "noteIds": [ "c077", "c067", "c068", "c069", "c070", "c071", "c072", "c073", "c045", "c046", "c064", "c074", "c075" ], "noteCount": 13, "charNoteIds": [ "n014" ], "key": "laozi-53:s006", "n": 6 } ], "commentaries": [ { "id": "c001", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "使我介然有知", "kind": "note", "text": "介，大也。老子疾時王不行大道，故設此言。使我介然有知於政事，我則行於大道，躬无為之化，絶威嚴之政。", "authorNote": "河上公此章據四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引；河上公題「益證第五十三」。", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "textSimp": "介，大也。老子疾时王不行大道，故设此言。使我介然有知于政事，我则行于大道，躬无为之化，绝威严之政。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）（河上公此章據四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引；河上公題「益證第五十三」。）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本，参校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "河上公此章据四部丛刊本，参校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引；河上公题「益证第五十三」。", "lemmaSimp": "使我介然有知" }, { "id": "c002", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "唯施是畏", "kind": "note", "text": "唯，獨也。獨畏有所施為，失道意。欲賞善，恐偽善生；欲信忠，恐詐忠起。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "textSimp": "唯，独也。独畏有所施为，失道意。欲赏善，恐伪善生；欲信忠，恐诈忠起。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本，参校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "lemmaSimp": "唯施是畏" }, { "id": "c003", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "使我介然有知", "kind": "note", "text": "言若使我可介然有知，行大道於天下，唯施為之是畏也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本德經，參校魏源《老子本義》所引）", "textSimp": "言若使我可介然有知，行大道于天下，唯施为之是畏也。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本德經，參校魏源《老子本義》所引）", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》（《道藏》本德经，参校魏源《老子本义》所引）", "lemmaSimp": "使我介然有知" }, { "id": "c004", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "使我介然有知", "kind": "note", "text": "使我者，假設之辭也；知，分别也；介然，微小也。言正真之道甚自平夷，假使我微介起心，以知行道者，此即妄起攀緣，乃為流動，深不可也。何者？夫至道虚通，妙絶分别，在假不假，居真不真，真假性齊，死生一貫，入九幽而不昩，出三界而不明，履危險而常安，臨大難而無懼，故無畏也。今乃起心分别，乖於本心，諸所施為，動之死地，故可畏也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "textSimp": "使我者，假设之辞也；知，分别也；介然，微小也。言正真之道甚自平夷，假使我微介起心，以知行道者，此即妄起攀缘，乃为流动，深不可也。何者？夫至道虚通，妙绝分别，在假不假，居真不真，真假性齐，死生一贯，入九幽而不昩，出三界而不明，履危险而常安，临大难而无惧，故无畏也。今乃起心分别，乖于本心，诸所施为，动之死地，故可畏也。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "lemmaSimp": "使我介然有知" }, { "id": "c005", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "使我介然有知", "kind": "note", "text": "老君言：若使我耿介然矜其有知，欲行大道，既與道不合，故唯所施為，是皆可畏也。", "authorNote": "此為御注。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "老君言：若使我耿介然矜其有知，欲行大道，既与道不合，故唯所施为，是皆可畏也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）（此為御注。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注。", "lemmaSimp": "使我介然有知" }, { "id": "c006", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "介然", "kind": "note", "text": "使我者，老君假設之辭也。介然，謂耿介然有知之貌。夫道非知法，而人欲以有知行道，故老君患其蔽蒙，故言之曰：使我耿介然矜其有知，欲行無為大道於天下者，有知則與道相乖，而失無為清淨之化，故唯所施為，將害於物，甚可畏懼也。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "使我者，老君假设之辞也。介然，谓耿介然有知之貌。夫道非知法，而人欲以有知行道，故老君患其蔽蒙，故言之曰：使我耿介然矜其有知，欲行无为大道于天下者，有知则与道相乖，而失无为清净之化，故唯所施为，将害于物，甚可畏惧也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "介然" }, { "id": "c007", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "使我介然有知", "kind": "note", "text": "老君傷時王不從夷路，唯履嶮途，服文綵而帶利劍，厭飲食而積貨財，農田荒穢，倉廪空虚，此乃誇道之人，豈知純粹之行？若使我微知政事，必行無為之大道，不涉有為之小徑，有所施為之事，尤畏不行也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "textSimp": "老君伤时王不从夷路，唯履崄途，服文彩而带利剑，厌饮食而积货财，农田荒秽，仓廪空虚，此乃夸道之人，岂知纯粹之行？若使我微知政事，必行无为之大道，不涉有为之小径，有所施为之事，尤畏不行也。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "lemmaSimp": "使我介然有知" }, { "id": "c008", "block": 0, "source": "luxisheng", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "使我介然有知", "kind": "note", "text": "老氏言：若吾囂然略無知道之心，始欲希於當世，則唯所行之為務，務其苟合於當世也。使我介然微有知常之明，方將行於大道，則唯所施而是畏，畏其不合於大道也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "老氏言：若吾嚣然略无知道之心，始欲希于当世，则唯所行之为务，务其苟合于当世也。使我介然微有知常之明，方将行于大道，则唯所施而是畏，畏其不合于大道也。", "citationFull": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "陆希声《道德经传》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "使我介然有知" }, { "id": "c009", "block": 0, "source": "lvhuiqing", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "使我介然有知", "kind": "note", "text": "君子之於道，不可以不刳心也。使我不能刳心而有介然之知，行於大道，則唯施是畏也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "呂惠卿《道德真經傳》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "君子之于道，不可以不刳心也。使我不能刳心而有介然之知，行于大道，则唯施是畏也。", "citationFull": "呂惠卿《道德真經傳》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "吕惠卿《道德真经传》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "使我介然有知" }, { "id": "c010", "block": 0, "source": "suzhe", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "使我介然有知", "kind": "note", "text": "體道者無知無行，無所施設，而物自化。今介然有知而行於大道，則無所施設建立，非其自然，有足畏者矣。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "体道者无知无行，无所施设，而物自化。今介然有知而行于大道，则无所施设建立，非其自然，有足畏者矣。", "citationFull": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "苏辙《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "使我介然有知" }, { "id": "c011", "block": 0, "source": "wucheng", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "使我介然有知", "kind": "note", "text": "我者，汎言眾人，非老子自謂。介然，音義與孟子「介然用之而成路」同，倏然之頃也。知字句絶。施，猶論語「無施勞」、孟子「施施從外來」之施，矜夸張大也。聖門顔子有若無、實若虚、無施勞，老子之學蓋亦若此，夸張最其所忌。此章言不知道之人，惟務夸張，若使其人倏然之頃有所知而欲行於大道，則必專以施為畏而不敢為。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "吳澄《道德真經注》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "我者，泛言众人，非老子自谓。介然，音义与孟子「介然用之而成路」同，倏然之顷也。知字句绝。施，犹论语「无施劳」、孟子「施施从外来」之施，矜夸张大也。圣门颜子有若无、实若虚、无施劳，老子之学盖亦若此，夸张最其所忌。此章言不知道之人，惟务夸张，若使其人倏然之顷有所知而欲行于大道，则必专以施为畏而不敢为。", "citationFull": "吳澄《道德真經注》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "使我介然有知" }, { "id": "c012", "block": 0, "source": "hanshan", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "使我介然有知", "kind": "note", "text": "此言世衰道微，人心不古，而極歎道之難行也。介然，猶些小，乃微少之意，蓋謙辭也。老子意謂：使我少有所知識，而欲行此大道於天下，奈何天下人心奸險可畏，而將施之於誰耶？故曰唯施是畏。且有施而無受者，非徒無益而又害之，所謂生乎今之世、反古之道，災及其身者，故可畏。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "釋德清《道德經解》（公開轉錄本）", "textSimp": "此言世衰道微，人心不古，而极叹道之难行也。介然，犹些小，乃微少之意，盖谦辞也。老子意谓：使我少有所知识，而欲行此大道于天下，奈何天下人心奸险可畏，而将施之于谁耶？故曰唯施是畏。且有施而无受者，非徒无益而又害之，所谓生乎今之世、反古之道，灾及其身者，故可畏。", "citationFull": "釋德清《道德經解》（公開轉錄本）", "citationSimp": "释德清《道德经解》（公开转录本）", "lemmaSimp": "使我介然有知" }, { "id": "c013", "block": 0, "source": "weiyuan", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "使我介然有知", "kind": "note", "text": "姚氏鼐曰：以下章「使我介然有知」十四字於此章之末，曰施者不塞兌而遺身殃者，故可畏也；介然有知，則知其子以守其母矣。", "authorNote": "此為魏源《老子本義》所引姚鼐說。", "citation": "魏源《老子本義》（下篇，公開轉錄本）", "textSimp": "姚氏鼐曰：以下章「使我介然有知」十四字于此章之末，曰施者不塞兑而遗身殃者，故可畏也；介然有知，则知其子以守其母矣。", "citationFull": "魏源《老子本義》（下篇，公開轉錄本）（此為魏源《老子本義》所引姚鼐說。）", "citationSimp": "魏源《老子本义》（下篇，公开转录本）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为魏源《老子本义》所引姚鼐说。", "lemmaSimp": "使我介然有知" }, { "id": "c014", "block": 0, "source": "weiyuan", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "使我介然有知", "kind": "note", "text": "源案：道以不盈為大，不盈者專務於内，有若無、實若虚也。今施且夸焉，則事務於外，無而為有、虚而為盈，無有窮極矣。夫民有生則有欲，則無不以相尚為高，此最難克之心，而有無窮之弊，豈不甚可畏哉？而民以不施之道斂約而難行，顧乃見小欲速以爭騖捷徑，豈知不矜不伐而人莫能尚之，其道甚平，何難行之有？", "authorNote": "此為源案。", "citation": "魏源《老子本義》（下篇，公開轉錄本）", "textSimp": "源案：道以不盈为大，不盈者专务于内，有若无、实若虚也。今施且夸焉，则事务于外，无而为有、虚而为盈，无有穷极矣。夫民有生则有欲，则无不以相尚为高，此最难克之心，而有无穷之弊，岂不甚可畏哉？而民以不施之道敛约而难行，顾乃见小欲速以争骛捷径，岂知不矜不伐而人莫能尚之，其道甚平，何难行之有？", "citationFull": "魏源《老子本義》（下篇，公開轉錄本）（此為源案。）", "citationSimp": "魏源《老子本义》（下篇，公开转录本）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为源案。", "lemmaSimp": "使我介然有知" }, { "id": "c015", "block": 0, "source": "wangfuzhi", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "使我介然有知", "kind": "note", "text": "天下不勝「知」也。「知」而「施」之，則物之情狀死於己之耳目，而耳目亦將死於情狀矣。然則將去知乎？而知亦無容去也。有知者，有使我知者。知者自謂久知，而使我知者用其「介然」而已。知「介然」之靡常，則己無留好。己無留好，而天下不羨其留，雖施不足畏，而況於知？", "authorNote": "", "citation": "王夫之《老子衍》（公開轉錄本）", "textSimp": "天下不胜「知」也。「知」而「施」之，则物之情状死于己之耳目，而耳目亦将死于情状矣。然则将去知乎？而知亦无容去也。有知者，有使我知者。知者自谓久知，而使我知者用其「介然」而已。知「介然」之靡常，则己无留好。己无留好，而天下不羡其留，虽施不足畏，而况于知？", "citationFull": "王夫之《老子衍》（公開轉錄本）", "citationSimp": "王夫之《老子衍》（公开转录本）", "lemmaSimp": "使我介然有知" }, { "id": "c016", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "大道甚夷", "kind": "note", "text": "夷，平也，易也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "textSimp": "夷，平也，易也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本，参校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "lemmaSimp": "大道甚夷" }, { "id": "c017", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "而民好徑", "kind": "note", "text": "徑，邪不平正也。大道甚平易，而民好從邪徑也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "textSimp": "径，邪不平正也。大道甚平易，而民好从邪径也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本，参校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "lemmaSimp": "而民好径" }, { "id": "c018", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "大道甚夷", "kind": "note", "text": "言大道蕩然正平，而民猶尚舍之而不由，好從邪徑，況復施為以塞大道之中乎？故曰：大道甚夷，而民好徑。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本德經，參校魏源《老子本義》所引）", "textSimp": "言大道荡然正平，而民犹尚舍之而不由，好从邪径，况复施为以塞大道之中乎？故曰：大道甚夷，而民好径。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本德經，參校魏源《老子本義》所引）", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》（《道藏》本德经，参校魏源《老子本义》所引）", "lemmaSimp": "大道甚夷" }, { "id": "c019", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "大道甚夷", "kind": "note", "text": "夷，平正也；徑，邪道也。言至理平等，甚無分别，顛倒之類背正好邪，遂使大道陵遲，小成孔熾也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "textSimp": "夷，平正也；径，邪道也。言至理平等，甚无分别，颠倒之类背正好邪，遂使大道陵迟，小成孔炽也。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "lemmaSimp": "大道甚夷" }, { "id": "c020", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "大道甚夷", "kind": "note", "text": "大道平易，是畏有知，而人多故欲心求捷，如彼行人好從邪徑。邪徑之弊，具如下文。", "authorNote": "此為御注。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "大道平易，是畏有知，而人多故欲心求捷，如彼行人好从邪径。邪径之弊，具如下文。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）（此為御注。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注。", "lemmaSimp": "大道甚夷" }, { "id": "c021", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "大道甚夷", "kind": "note", "text": "夷，平也；徑，邪捷之道也。言大道坦然平易，而人好從邪徑。但大道之化，貴夫無為，無為則平易；而代之從事，不能息智於無欲，將役心以應務，始雖好徑而求捷，終則失道而焚和，故云人甚好徑。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "夷，平也；径，邪捷之道也。言大道坦然平易，而人好从邪径。但大道之化，贵夫无为，无为则平易；而代之从事，不能息智于无欲，将役心以应务，始虽好径而求捷，终则失道而焚和，故云人甚好径。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "大道甚夷" }, { "id": "c022", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "大道甚夷", "kind": "note", "text": "正道平而易，邪徑險而難，理國者多履其難，修身者少從其易，斥無道也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "textSimp": "正道平而易，邪径险而难，理国者多履其难，修身者少从其易，斥无道也。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "lemmaSimp": "大道甚夷" }, { "id": "c023", "block": 0, "source": "luxisheng", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "大道甚夷", "kind": "note", "text": "夫大道之云，猶亨衢也。亨衢平易，無往不達，以其大直，不患小迂；而世人欲速，由於捷徑，是以崎嶇迷惑，不達所趨。故聖人病之，慎所施教，畏其導民於邪路，終不合於大道焉。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "夫大道之云，犹亨衢也。亨衢平易，无往不达，以其大直，不患小迂；而世人欲速，由于捷径，是以崎岖迷惑，不达所趋。故圣人病之，慎所施教，畏其导民于邪路，终不合于大道焉。", "citationFull": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "陆希声《道德经传》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "大道甚夷" }, { "id": "c024", "block": 0, "source": "lvhuiqing", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "大道甚夷", "kind": "note", "text": "大道之為體，不知而知，則夷之甚者也；而民乃欲以有知求之，是好徑而不知所由也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "呂惠卿《道德真經傳》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "大道之为体，不知而知，则夷之甚者也；而民乃欲以有知求之，是好径而不知所由也。", "citationFull": "呂惠卿《道德真經傳》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "吕惠卿《道德真经传》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "大道甚夷" }, { "id": "c025", "block": 0, "source": "suzhe", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "大道甚夷", "kind": "note", "text": "大道夷易，無有險阻，世之不知者以為迂緩，而好徑以求捷，故凡舍其自然而有所施設者，皆欲速者也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "大道夷易，无有险阻，世之不知者以为迂缓，而好径以求捷，故凡舍其自然而有所施设者，皆欲速者也。", "citationFull": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "苏辙《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "大道甚夷" }, { "id": "c026", "block": 0, "source": "wucheng", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "大道甚夷", "kind": "note", "text": "徑者，小路，與大道相反。卑卑斂退者，大道也，其道甚平夷而易行；堂堂夸張者，小徑也，而人多好行之。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "吳澄《道德真經注》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "径者，小路，与大道相反。卑卑敛退者，大道也，其道甚平夷而易行；堂堂夸张者，小径也，而人多好行之。", "citationFull": "吳澄《道德真經注》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "大道甚夷" }, { "id": "c027", "block": 0, "source": "hanshan", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "大道甚夷", "kind": "note", "text": "蓋以大道甚坦夷直捷，而民心邪僻，不由大道，皆好徑矣。民好徑則教化衰，教化衰則奸愈甚，奸愈甚則法益嚴，故曰朝甚除。除，謂革其弊也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "釋德清《道德經解》（公開轉錄本）", "textSimp": "盖以大道甚坦夷直捷，而民心邪僻，不由大道，皆好径矣。民好径则教化衰，教化衰则奸愈甚，奸愈甚则法益严，故曰朝甚除。除，谓革其弊也。", "citationFull": "釋德清《道德經解》（公開轉錄本）", "citationSimp": "释德清《道德经解》（公开转录本）", "lemmaSimp": "大道甚夷" }, { "id": "c028", "block": 0, "source": "weiyuan", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "大道甚夷", "kind": "note", "text": "李氏嘉謨曰：行於大道，則蕩然廣大，心逸日休，故甚夷也；爭於小徑，則矜智欺人，心勞日拙，故成於盜也。", "authorNote": "此為魏源《老子本義》所引李嘉靖說。", "citation": "魏源《老子本義》（下篇，公開轉錄本）", "textSimp": "李氏嘉谟曰：行于大道，则荡然广大，心逸日休，故甚夷也；争于小径，则矜智欺人，心劳日拙，故成于盗也。", "citationFull": "魏源《老子本義》（下篇，公開轉錄本）（此為魏源《老子本義》所引李嘉靖說。）", "citationSimp": "魏源《老子本义》（下篇，公开转录本）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为魏源《老子本义》所引李嘉靖说。", "lemmaSimp": "大道甚夷" }, { "id": "c029", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "朝甚除", "kind": "note", "text": "高臺榭，宮室修。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "textSimp": "高台榭，宫室修。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本，参校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "lemmaSimp": "朝甚除" }, { "id": "c030", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "田甚蕪", "kind": "note", "text": "農事廢，不耕治。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "textSimp": "农事废，不耕治。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本，参校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "lemmaSimp": "田甚芜" }, { "id": "c031", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "倉甚虛", "kind": "note", "text": "五穀傷害，國無儲也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "textSimp": "五谷伤害，国无储也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本，参校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "lemmaSimp": "仓甚虚" }, { "id": "c032", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "朝甚除", "kind": "note", "text": "朝，宮室也；除，絜好也。朝甚除則田甚蕪、倉甚虛，設一而眾害生也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本德經，參校魏源《老子本義》所引）", "textSimp": "朝，宫室也；除，絜好也。朝甚除则田甚芜、仓甚虚，设一而众害生也。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本德經，參校魏源《老子本義》所引）", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》（《道藏》本德经，参校魏源《老子本义》所引）", "lemmaSimp": "朝甚除" }, { "id": "c033", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "朝甚除", "kind": "note", "text": "失道之君好行邪徑，不崇樸素，唯尚華侈，既而除去故宇，更造新宫，彫楹刻桷，窮乎綺麗。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "textSimp": "失道之君好行邪径，不崇朴素，唯尚华侈，既而除去故宇，更造新宫，雕楹刻桷，穷乎绮丽。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "lemmaSimp": "朝甚除" }, { "id": "c034", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "田甚蕪", "kind": "note", "text": "徭役既繁，農夫喪業，遂使東皋不作，南畝荒蕪也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "textSimp": "徭役既繁，农夫丧业，遂使东皋不作，南亩荒芜也。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "lemmaSimp": "田甚芜" }, { "id": "c035", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "倉甚虛", "kind": "note", "text": "稼穡有限，而國費無貲，杼軸其空，倉廪斯罄。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "textSimp": "稼穑有限，而国费无赀，杼轴其空，仓廪斯罄。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "lemmaSimp": "仓甚虚" }, { "id": "c036", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "朝甚除", "kind": "note", "text": "尚賢矜智，生巧偽。除，理也。", "authorNote": "此為御注。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "尚贤矜智，生巧伪。除，理也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）（此為御注。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注。", "lemmaSimp": "朝甚除" }, { "id": "c037", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "朝甚除", "kind": "note", "text": "除，理也。言好徑之君，不尚無為之化，但以有為為理，雖云甚除，有為則傷巧詐，故注云尚賢矜智生巧偽。又解云：朝廷修理，峻宇雕牆，故云甚除。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "除，理也。言好径之君，不尚无为之化，但以有为为理，虽云甚除，有为则伤巧诈，故注云尚贤矜智生巧伪。又解云：朝廷修理，峻宇雕墙，故云甚除。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "朝甚除" }, { "id": "c038", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "田甚蕪", "kind": "note", "text": "浮食惰業，廢農事也。", "authorNote": "此為御注。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "浮食惰业，废农事也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）（此為御注。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注。", "lemmaSimp": "田甚芜" }, { "id": "c039", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "田甚蕪", "kind": "note", "text": "草長曰蕪，淫巧浮食則農事荒蕪，既闕嘉生之熟，何望如坻之積？", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "草长曰芜，淫巧浮食则农事荒芜，既阙嘉生之熟，何望如坻之积？", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "田甚芜" }, { "id": "c040", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "倉甚虛", "kind": "note", "text": "南畝不收，無儲積。", "authorNote": "此為御注。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "南亩不收，无储积。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）（此為御注。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注。", "lemmaSimp": "仓甚虚" }, { "id": "c041", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "倉甚虛", "kind": "note", "text": "年登則廪實，農廢則倉虚，自然之理也。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "年登则廪实，农废则仓虚，自然之理也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "仓甚虚" }, { "id": "c042", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "朝甚除", "kind": "note", "text": "朝甚除、田甚蕪：彫墻峻宇，除故造新，下人妨農，良田蕪穢，徇名好利，棄少求多，道業不修，丹田荒廢。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "textSimp": "朝甚除、田甚芜：雕墙峻宇，除故造新，下人妨农，良田芜秽，徇名好利，弃少求多，道业不修，丹田荒废。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "lemmaSimp": "朝甚除" }, { "id": "c043", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "倉甚虛", "kind": "note", "text": "年登則廪實，農廢則倉虚，行薄而業虚，德充則道實也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "textSimp": "年登则廪实，农废则仓虚，行薄而业虚，德充则道实也。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "lemmaSimp": "仓甚虚" }, { "id": "c044", "block": 0, "source": "luxisheng", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "朝甚除", "kind": "note", "text": "入其國，其政教可知也。觀朝闕甚修除、墻宇甚雕峻，則知其君好土木之功、多嬉遊之娯矣；觀田野甚荒蕪，則知其君好力役、奪民時矣；觀倉廪甚空虚，則知其君好末作、廢本業矣。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "入其国，其政教可知也。观朝阙甚修除、墙宇甚雕峻，则知其君好土木之功、多嬉游之娯矣；观田野甚荒芜，则知其君好力役、夺民时矣；观仓廪甚空虚，则知其君好末作、废本业矣。", "citationFull": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "陆希声《道德经传》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "朝甚除" }, { "id": "c045", "block": 0, "source": "lvhuiqing", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "朝甚除", "kind": "note", "text": "不得其母，則其子非吾有也。非吾有而取之，猶之洒掃其庭内、蕪其田、虛其倉，而服文采、帶利劍、厭飲食、資財有餘，亦非其有而取之矣，非盜誇無以為也，豈道也哉！", "authorNote": "", "citation": "呂惠卿《道德真經傳》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "不得其母，则其子非吾有也。非吾有而取之，犹之洒扫其庭内、芜其田、虚其仓，而服文采、带利剑、厌饮食、资财有余，亦非其有而取之矣，非盗夸无以为也，岂道也哉！", "citationFull": "呂惠卿《道德真經傳》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "吕惠卿《道德真经传》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "朝甚除" }, { "id": "c046", "block": 0, "source": "suzhe", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "朝甚除", "kind": "note", "text": "俗人昭昭，我獨若昏；俗人察察，我獨悶悶，豈復飾末廢本以施設為事、夸以誨盜哉？", "authorNote": "", "citation": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "俗人昭昭，我独若昏；俗人察察，我独闷闷，岂复饰末废本以施设为事、夸以诲盗哉？", "citationFull": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "苏辙《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "朝甚除" }, { "id": "c047", "block": 0, "source": "weiyuan", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "朝甚除", "kind": "note", "text": "陳氏懿典曰：謹畏不敢者為大道，則驕矜炫耀者為非道明矣。謙之為道，卑不可踰，而人不肯由也，是以外雖炫飾而内實空虚，如朝廷雖甚美，而田疇倉廪實荒蕪虚耗也。猶且采服劍佩以為飾，飲食侈饜以自奉，多積無用之貨，夸為富强，此猶盜賊之人自誇其所有，其去惟施是畏之大道，不亦遠乎！", "authorNote": "此為魏源《老子本義》所引陳懿典說。", "citation": "魏源《老子本義》（下篇，公開轉錄本）", "textSimp": "陈氏懿典曰：谨畏不敢者为大道，则骄矜炫耀者为非道明矣。谦之为道，卑不可逾，而人不肯由也，是以外虽炫饰而内实空虚，如朝廷虽甚美，而田畴仓廪实荒芜虚耗也。犹且采服剑佩以为饰，饮食侈餍以自奉，多积无用之货，夸为富强，此犹盗贼之人自夸其所有，其去惟施是畏之大道，不亦远乎！", "citationFull": "魏源《老子本義》（下篇，公開轉錄本）（此為魏源《老子本義》所引陳懿典說。）", "citationSimp": "魏源《老子本义》（下篇，公开转录本）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为魏源《老子本义》所引陈懿典说。", "lemmaSimp": "朝甚除" }, { "id": "c048", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "服文綵", "kind": "note", "text": "好飾偽，貴外華。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "textSimp": "好饰伪，贵外华。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本，参校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "lemmaSimp": "服文彩" }, { "id": "c049", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "帶利劍", "kind": "note", "text": "尚剛強，武且奢。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "textSimp": "尚刚强，武且奢。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本，参校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "lemmaSimp": "带利剑" }, { "id": "c050", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "財貨有餘", "kind": "note", "text": "多嗜欲，無足時。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "textSimp": "多嗜欲，无足时。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本，参校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "lemmaSimp": "财货有余" }, { "id": "c051", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "服文綵", "kind": "note", "text": "服文綵、帶利劍、厭飲食：黼黻文繡以麗其身，干將鏌鎁以衛其命，醪醴膻腥以爽其口，不崇上德，不恤下人，嗟乎饕餮，一至於此！", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "textSimp": "服文彩、带利剑、厌饮食：黼黻文绣以丽其身，干将镆鎁以卫其命，醪醴膻腥以爽其口，不崇上德，不恤下人，嗟乎饕餮，一至于此！", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "lemmaSimp": "服文彩" }, { "id": "c052", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "財貨有餘", "kind": "note", "text": "輕躁荒淫，於政不足，重賦百姓，積斂有餘。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "textSimp": "轻躁荒淫，于政不足，重赋百姓，积敛有余。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "lemmaSimp": "财货有余" }, { "id": "c053", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "服文綵", "kind": "note", "text": "刻彫綺綉，害工利。", "authorNote": "此為御注。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "刻雕绮绣，害工利。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）（此為御注。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注。", "lemmaSimp": "服文彩" }, { "id": "c054", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "服文綵", "kind": "note", "text": "青赤為文，色絲為綵也。言賤質而貴文。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "青赤为文，色丝为彩也。言贱质而贵文。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "服文彩" }, { "id": "c055", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "帶利劍", "kind": "note", "text": "文德不修，尚武備。", "authorNote": "此為御注。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "文德不修，尚武备。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）（此為御注。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注。", "lemmaSimp": "带利剑" }, { "id": "c056", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "帶利劍", "kind": "note", "text": "利劍者，武備也。夫文德者，理國之器用；武功者，文德之輔助。而文為本，武為末，今若專事武功，是棄本而崇末也。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "利剑者，武备也。夫文德者，理国之器用；武功者，文德之辅助。而文为本，武为末，今若专事武功，是弃本而崇末也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "带利剑" }, { "id": "c057", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "厭飲食", "kind": "note", "text": "烹肥擊鮮，重滋味，厭飫足爾。", "authorNote": "此為御注。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "烹肥击鲜，重滋味，厌饫足尔。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）（此為御注。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注。", "lemmaSimp": "厌饮食" }, { "id": "c058", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "厭飲食", "kind": "note", "text": "厭，飫足也。庖厨濃厚，厭飫芳鮮，上多玉食之資，則下有凍餒之患矣。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "厌，饫足也。庖厨浓厚，厌饫芳鲜，上多玉食之资，则下有冻馁之患矣。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "厌饮食" }, { "id": "c059", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "財貨有餘", "kind": "note", "text": "聚斂積實，饒珍異。", "authorNote": "此為御注。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "聚敛积实，饶珍异。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）（此為御注。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注。", "lemmaSimp": "财货有余" }, { "id": "c060", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "財貨有餘", "kind": "note", "text": "財貨，謂錢帛珠玉之流也。多藏厚斂，有餘也。末學不貪為寳，但欲多財累愚爾。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "财货，谓钱帛珠玉之流也。多藏厚敛，有余也。末学不贪为寳，但欲多财累愚尔。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "财货有余" }, { "id": "c061", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "服文綵", "kind": "note", "text": "服文綵、帶利劍：捐素以事華，賤文而貴武。修真者内不存於道德，外唯飾以威儀，毒意未祛，帶利劍也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "textSimp": "服文彩、带利剑：捐素以事华，贱文而贵武。修真者内不存于道德，外唯饰以威仪，毒意未祛，带利剑也。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "lemmaSimp": "服文彩" }, { "id": "c062", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "財貨有餘", "kind": "note", "text": "厭飲食、資貨有餘：夫味無味者，飲和浴德；為無為者，禮士愛賢。鄙芻豢以簞食為樂，散貨財以不食為寳，此則内外無不可也；而厭之以芳鮮，積之以珠玉，是盜誇之行，非家國之基也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "textSimp": "厌饮食、资货有余：夫味无味者，饮和浴德；为无为者，礼士爱贤。鄙刍豢以箪食为乐，散货财以不食为寳，此则内外无不可也；而厌之以芳鲜，积之以珠玉，是盗夸之行，非家国之基也。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "lemmaSimp": "财货有余" }, { "id": "c063", "block": 0, "source": "luxisheng", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "服文綵", "kind": "note", "text": "觀衣服多文彩，則知其君好淫巧、蠹女工矣；觀佩帶皆利劍，則知其君好武勇、生國患矣；觀飲食常饜飫，則知其君好醉飽、忘民事矣；觀資貨常有餘，則知其君好聚斂、困民財矣。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "观衣服多文彩，则知其君好淫巧、蠹女工矣；观佩带皆利剑，则知其君好武勇、生国患矣；观饮食常餍饫，则知其君好醉饱、忘民事矣；观资货常有余，则知其君好聚敛、困民财矣。", "citationFull": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "陆希声《道德经传》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "服文彩" }, { "id": "c064", "block": 0, "source": "wucheng", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "服文綵", "kind": "note", "text": "華佩服以為飾，豐酒肉以為養，私府庫以為富，是猶為盜之人得物多而以夸張於外，夏癸、商辛是也，豈知道者所肯為哉？", "authorNote": "", "citation": "吳澄《道德真經注》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "华佩服以为饰，丰酒肉以为养，私府库以为富，是犹为盗之人得物多而以夸张于外，夏癸、商辛是也，岂知道者所肯为哉？", "citationFull": "吳澄《道德真經注》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "服文彩" }, { "id": "c065", "block": 0, "source": "weiyuan", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "服文綵", "kind": "note", "text": "吕氏惠卿曰：舍道而由徑，則亡本而徇末。譬夫人以食為本，而食必出於田，田治而倉實，倉實而食足，食足而財豐，財豐而廷治，以知其本之所自出也。今不行大道則已，不得其本而徒馳騖於其末，其與飾庭除而空倉畝、恣衣食而侈貨財者，奚以異哉？", "authorNote": "此為魏源《老子本義》所引呂惠卿說。", "citation": "魏源《老子本義》（下篇，公開轉錄本）", "textSimp": "吕氏惠卿曰：舍道而由径，则亡本而徇末。譬夫人以食为本，而食必出于田，田治而仓实，仓实而食足，食足而财丰，财丰而廷治，以知其本之所自出也。今不行大道则已，不得其本而徒驰骛于其末，其与饰庭除而空仓亩、恣衣食而侈货财者，奚以异哉？", "citationFull": "魏源《老子本義》（下篇，公開轉錄本）（此為魏源《老子本義》所引呂惠卿說。）", "citationSimp": "魏源《老子本义》（下篇，公开转录本）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为魏源《老子本义》所引吕惠卿说。", "lemmaSimp": "服文彩" }, { "id": "c066", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "是謂盜夸", "kind": "note", "text": "百姓不足而君有餘者，是由劫盜以為服飾，持行誇人，不知身死家破，親戚并隨之也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "textSimp": "百姓不足而君有余者，是由劫盗以为服饰，持行夸人，不知身死家破，亲戚并随之也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本，参校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "lemmaSimp": "是谓盗夸" }, { "id": "c067", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "是謂盜夸", "kind": "note", "text": "凡物不以其道得之則皆邪也，邪則盜也；夸而不以其道得之，竊位也。故舉非道以明非道，則皆盜夸也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本德經，參校魏源《老子本義》所引）", "textSimp": "凡物不以其道得之则皆邪也，邪则盗也；夸而不以其道得之，窃位也。故举非道以明非道，则皆盗夸也。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本德經，參校魏源《老子本義》所引）", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》（《道藏》本德经，参校魏源《老子本义》所引）", "lemmaSimp": "是谓盗夸" }, { "id": "c068", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "是謂盜夸", "kind": "note", "text": "多賦多斂，如盜如賊；既蓄既積，且矜且誇；乖理悖德，謂之非道。若作行道人心解者：朝甚除，無善功也；田甚蕪，心荒廢也；倉甚虛，無道德也；服文綵，好飾詞也；帶利劍，貪心鋭也；厭飲食，耽滋味也；資貨有餘，積不散也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "textSimp": "多赋多敛，如盗如贼；既蓄既积，且矜且夸；乖理悖德，谓之非道。若作行道人心解者：朝甚除，无善功也；田甚芜，心荒废也；仓甚虚，无道德也；服文彩，好饰词也；带利剑，贪心锐也；厌饮食，耽滋味也；资货有余，积不散也。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "lemmaSimp": "是谓盗夸" }, { "id": "c069", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "是謂盜夸", "kind": "note", "text": "矜其有知，動以成弊，行同盜竊，仍自矜誇，誇盜非道，適令興歎。也哉者，歎辭爾。", "authorNote": "此為御注。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "矜其有知，动以成弊，行同盗窃，仍自矜夸，夸盗非道，适令兴叹。也哉者，叹辞尔。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）（此為御注。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注。", "lemmaSimp": "是谓盗夸" }, { "id": "c070", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "是謂盜夸", "kind": "note", "text": "非理而取為盜，矜其所有為誇。且頭會而斂取於不足，縱欲而費奉其有餘，傲然自得以為誇尚，謂之為盜，不亦宜乎？所為如此，則非吾欲行之道矣。也哉者，傷歎之辭。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "非理而取为盗，矜其所有为夸。且头会而敛取于不足，纵欲而费奉其有余，傲然自得以为夸尚，谓之为盗，不亦宜乎？所为如此，则非吾欲行之道矣。也哉者，伤叹之辞。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "是谓盗夸" }, { "id": "c071", "block": 0, "source": "yanzun", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "是謂盜夸", "kind": "note", "text": "道德不為智巧，故能陶冶天下，造化陰陽；天地不為智巧，故能含吐變化，萬物不能逃。平易而無穢，要約而易行，無為而巧成，無事而福生。悲夫！反道而為智巧，動暴於外而與天戾，既非大道，可為痛哉！", "authorNote": "此為《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引嚴遵輯文。", "citation": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引輯文）", "textSimp": "道德不为智巧，故能陶冶天下，造化阴阳；天地不为智巧，故能含吐变化，万物不能逃。平易而无秽，要约而易行，无为而巧成，无事而福生。悲夫！反道而为智巧，动暴于外而与天戾，既非大道，可为痛哉！", "citationFull": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引輯文）（此為《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引嚴遵輯文。）", "citationSimp": "严遵《道德真经指归》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引辑文）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引严遵辑文。", "lemmaSimp": "是谓盗夸" }, { "id": "c072", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "是謂盜夸", "kind": "note", "text": "取不足、積有餘，盜之謂也；愛文綵、事奢侈，誇之義也。唯盜與誇，俱非道行。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "textSimp": "取不足、积有余，盗之谓也；爱文彩、事奢侈，夸之义也。唯盗与夸，俱非道行。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "lemmaSimp": "是谓盗夸" }, { "id": "c073", "block": 0, "source": "luxisheng", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "是謂盜夸", "kind": "note", "text": "凡此數者，皆盜用民力以為夸毗，故謂之盜夸。盜夸者，非有道之治也。然則盜用之云，陰取之而民不知也。所謂唯施是畏，其在此乎！", "authorNote": "", "citation": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "凡此数者，皆盗用民力以为夸毗，故谓之盗夸。盗夸者，非有道之治也。然则盗用之云，阴取之而民不知也。所谓唯施是畏，其在此乎！", "citationFull": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "陆希声《道德经传》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "是谓盗夸" }, { "id": "c074", "block": 0, "source": "hanshan", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "服文綵", "kind": "note", "text": "且在上之人，猶然不知止足，而虚尚浮華，極口體之欲，而服文采、帶利劍、厭飲食，而積貨財。且上行下效，捷如影響，故上有好之，而下必有甚焉者，是則民之為盜，皆由上以唱之也。故曰是為盜竽。竽，樂之首，而為先唱者也。如此，豈道也哉！上下人心之如此，所以道之難行也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "釋德清《道德經解》（公開轉錄本）", "textSimp": "且在上之人，犹然不知止足，而虚尚浮华，极口体之欲，而服文采、带利剑、厌饮食，而积货财。且上行下效，捷如影响，故上有好之，而下必有甚焉者，是则民之为盗，皆由上以唱之也。故曰是为盗竽。竽，乐之首，而为先唱者也。如此，岂道也哉！上下人心之如此，所以道之难行也。", "citationFull": "釋德清《道德經解》（公開轉錄本）", "citationSimp": "释德清《道德经解》（公开转录本）", "lemmaSimp": "服文彩" }, { "id": "c075", "block": 0, "source": "weiyuan", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "朝甚除", "kind": "note", "text": "源案：謂之民則蚩然無知，不知大道，則愈夸而愈小。蓋好大道者其見大，好小徑者其見小；見大則常若不足，見小則常若有餘。若是者為士則必徇名而荒德，為庶人則必侈末而耗本，為國家者則必至飾外而虚内，雖淺深廣狹不同，而其為以己徇人則一而已。特其顯者，莫若國家之侈弊為尤易見。甚矣，人心之難克，而施之可畏如此！朝甚除以下，蓋極言以曉愚迷，固非謂施之可畏惟此一端，亦非僅借為喻也。諸家或以知行連讀，或訓施曰施為，而韓非子又作盜竽，胥非本旨。", "authorNote": "此為源案。", "citation": "魏源《老子本義》（下篇，公開轉錄本）", "textSimp": "源案：谓之民则蚩然无知，不知大道，则愈夸而愈小。盖好大道者其见大，好小径者其见小；见大则常若不足，见小则常若有余。若是者为士则必徇名而荒德，为庶人则必侈末而耗本，为国家者则必至饰外而虚内，虽浅深广狭不同，而其为以己徇人则一而已。特其显者，莫若国家之侈弊为尤易见。甚矣，人心之难克，而施之可畏如此！朝甚除以下，盖极言以晓愚迷，固非谓施之可畏惟此一端，亦非仅借为喻也。诸家或以知行连读，或训施曰施为，而韩非子又作盗竽，胥非本旨。", "citationFull": "魏源《老子本義》（下篇，公開轉錄本）（此為源案。）", "citationSimp": "魏源《老子本义》（下篇，公开转录本）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为源案。", "lemmaSimp": "朝甚除" }, { "id": "c076", "block": 0, "source": "wangfuzhi", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "是謂盜夸", "kind": "note", "text": "俄頃之光，而終身之據；已尚之物，亦從而尚之。莽、操之奉堯、舜為竽，黃巾、赤眉之奉湯、武為竽，與陰陽之沴奉凝滯之沖氣以為竽而盜其生等也。道之不可以「介然」行也，如斯夫！", "authorNote": "", "citation": "王夫之《老子衍》（公開轉錄本）", "textSimp": "俄顷之光，而终身之据；已尚之物，亦从而尚之。莽、操之奉尧、舜为竽，黄巾、赤眉之奉汤、武为竽，与阴阳之沴奉凝滞之冲气以为竽而盗其生等也。道之不可以「介然」行也，如斯夫！", "citationFull": "王夫之《老子衍》（公開轉錄本）", "citationSimp": "王夫之《老子衍》（公开转录本）", "lemmaSimp": "是谓盗夸" }, { "id": "c077", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s006", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "非道也哉", "kind": "note", "text": "人君所行如是，此非道也。復言也哉者，痛傷之辭。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "textSimp": "人君所行如是，此非道也。复言也哉者，痛伤之辞。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本，参校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引）", "lemmaSimp": "非道也哉" } ], "charNotes": [ { "id": "n001", "sentenceId": "s001", "start": 2, "end": 4, "char": "介然", "charSimp": "介然", "startSimp": 2, "endSimp": 4, "pinyin": "jiè rán", "gloss": "忽然、微小的樣子；諸家訓釋不一。", "glossSimp": "忽然、微小的样子；诸家训释不一。", "general": "河上公謂介大也；成玄英謂介然微小也；唐玄宗謂耿介然有知之貌；吳澄謂倏然之頃；憨山謂些小、微少之意。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓介大也；成玄英谓介然微小也；唐玄宗谓耿介然有知之貌；吴澄谓倏然之顷；憨山谓些小、微少之意。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c001", "c004", "c005", "c006", "c011", "c012" ], "refsSimp": [ "c001", "c004", "c005", "c006", "c011", "c012" ] }, { "id": "n002", "sentenceId": "s001", "start": 7, "end": 11, "char": "行於大道", "charSimp": "行于大道", "startSimp": 7, "endSimp": 11, "pinyin": "xíng yú dà dào", "gloss": "行走在大道之上。", "glossSimp": "行走在大道之上。", "general": "河上公謂行於大道、躬无為之化；王弼謂行大道於天下；呂惠卿謂行於大道則唯施是畏；吳澄謂欲行於大道。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓行于大道、躬无为之化；王弼谓行大道于天下；吕惠卿谓行于大道则唯施是畏；吴澄谓欲行于大道。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c001", "c003", "c009", "c011" ], "refsSimp": [ "c001", "c003", "c009", "c011" ] }, { "id": "n003", "sentenceId": "s001", "start": 12, "end": 16, "char": "唯施是畏", "charSimp": "唯施是畏", "startSimp": 12, "endSimp": 16, "pinyin": "wéi shī shì wèi", "gloss": "所畏的只是施為造作。", "glossSimp": "所畏的只是施为造作。", "general": "河上公謂獨畏有所施為、失道意；王弼謂唯施為之是畏；唐玄宗謂唯所施為是皆可畏；吳澄以施為矜夸張大；魏源源案以施且夸則務於外。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓独畏有所施为、失道意；王弼谓唯施为之是畏；唐玄宗谓唯所施为是皆可畏；吴澄以施为矜夸张大；魏源源案以施且夸则务于外。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c002", "c003", "c005", "c011", "c014" ], "refsSimp": [ "c002", "c003", "c005", "c011", "c014" ] }, { "id": "n004", "sentenceId": "s002", "start": 2, "end": 4, "char": "甚夷", "charSimp": "甚夷", "startSimp": 2, "endSimp": 4, "pinyin": "shèn yí", "gloss": "十分平坦；夷，平也、易也。", "glossSimp": "十分平坦；夷，平也、易也。", "general": "河上公謂夷平也易也；王弼謂大道蕩然正平；成玄英謂夷平正也；唐玄宗謂夷平也；陸希聲以亨衢平易喻之。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓夷平也易也；王弼谓大道荡然正平；成玄英谓夷平正也；唐玄宗谓夷平也；陆希声以亨衢平易喻之。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c016", "c018", "c019", "c021", "c023" ], "refsSimp": [ "c016", "c018", "c019", "c021", "c023" ] }, { "id": "n005", "sentenceId": "s002", "start": 7, "end": 9, "char": "好徑", "charSimp": "好径", "startSimp": 7, "endSimp": 9, "pinyin": "hào jìng", "gloss": "喜好邪僻的小路；徑，邪道、小路。", "glossSimp": "喜好邪僻的小路；径，邪道、小路。", "general": "河上公謂徑邪不平正；王弼謂好從邪徑；成玄英謂徑邪道也；吳澄謂徑者小路與大道相反；李嘉靖謂爭於小徑則矜智欺人。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓径邪不平正；王弼谓好从邪径；成玄英谓径邪道也；吴澄谓径者小路与大道相反；李嘉靖谓争于小径则矜智欺人。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c017", "c018", "c019", "c026", "c028" ], "refsSimp": [ "c017", "c018", "c019", "c026", "c028" ] }, { "id": "n006", "sentenceId": "s003", "start": 0, "end": 3, "char": "朝甚除", "charSimp": "朝甚除", "startSimp": 0, "endSimp": 3, "pinyin": "cháo shèn chú", "gloss": "朝廷宮室修治得十分華美；除，治也、絜好也。", "glossSimp": "朝廷宫室修治得十分华美；除，治也、絜好也。", "general": "河上公謂高臺榭、宮室修；王弼謂朝宮室也、除絜好也；唐玄宗謂除理也；陸希聲謂朝闕甚修除則知好土木；憨山謂除謂革其弊。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓高台榭、宫室修；王弼谓朝宫室也、除絜好也；唐玄宗谓除理也；陆希声谓朝阙甚修除则知好土木；憨山谓除谓革其弊。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c029", "c032", "c036", "c037", "c044", "c027" ], "refsSimp": [ "c029", "c032", "c036", "c037", "c044", "c027" ] }, { "id": "n007", "sentenceId": "s003", "start": 4, "end": 7, "char": "田甚蕪", "charSimp": "田甚芜", "startSimp": 4, "endSimp": 7, "pinyin": "tián shèn wú", "gloss": "田野十分荒蕪。", "glossSimp": "田野十分荒芜。", "general": "河上公謂農事廢、不耕治；唐玄宗謂浮食惰業廢農事；李榮謂良田蕪穢；陸希聲謂好力役奪民時。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓农事废、不耕治；唐玄宗谓浮食惰业废农事；李荣谓良田芜秽；陆希声谓好力役夺民时。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c030", "c038", "c039", "c042", "c044" ], "refsSimp": [ "c030", "c038", "c039", "c042", "c044" ] }, { "id": "n008", "sentenceId": "s003", "start": 8, "end": 11, "char": "倉甚虛", "charSimp": "仓甚虚", "startSimp": 8, "endSimp": 11, "pinyin": "cāng shèn xū", "gloss": "倉廪十分空虛。", "glossSimp": "仓廪十分空虚。", "general": "河上公謂五穀傷害、國無儲；王弼謂設一而眾害生；唐玄宗謂南畝不收、無儲積；李榮謂農廢則倉虚。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓五谷伤害、国无储；王弼谓设一而众害生；唐玄宗谓南亩不收、无储积；李荣谓农废则仓虚。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c031", "c032", "c040", "c041", "c043" ], "refsSimp": [ "c031", "c032", "c040", "c041", "c043" ] }, { "id": "n009", "sentenceId": "s004", "start": 0, "end": 3, "char": "服文綵", "charSimp": "服文彩", "startSimp": 0, "endSimp": 3, "pinyin": "fú wén cǎi", "gloss": "穿着華美的錦繡衣裳；綵，彩色絲織品。", "glossSimp": "穿着华美的锦绣衣裳；彩，彩色丝织品。", "general": "河上公謂好飾偽、貴外華；唐玄宗謂刻彫綺繡害工利；陸希聲謂好淫巧蠹女工；成玄英謂黼黻文繡以麗其身。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓好饰伪、贵外华；唐玄宗谓刻雕绮绣害工利；陆希声谓好淫巧蠹女工；成玄英谓黼黻文绣以丽其身。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c048", "c051", "c053", "c054", "c063" ], "refsSimp": [ "c048", "c051", "c053", "c054", "c063" ] }, { "id": "n010", "sentenceId": "s004", "start": 4, "end": 7, "char": "帶利劍", "charSimp": "带利剑", "startSimp": 4, "endSimp": 7, "pinyin": "dài lì jiàn", "gloss": "佩帶鋒利的寶劍。", "glossSimp": "佩带锋利的宝剑。", "general": "河上公謂尚剛強、武且奢；唐玄宗謂文德不修、尚武備；李榮謂賤文而貴武；陸希聲謂好武勇生國患。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓尚刚强、武且奢；唐玄宗谓文德不修、尚武备；李荣谓贱文而贵武；陆希声谓好武勇生国患。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c049", "c055", "c056", "c061", "c063" ], "refsSimp": [ "c049", "c055", "c056", "c061", "c063" ] }, { "id": "n011", "sentenceId": "s004", "start": 8, "end": 11, "char": "厭飲食", "charSimp": "厌饮食", "startSimp": 8, "endSimp": 11, "pinyin": "yàn yǐn shí", "gloss": "飽足於飲食；厭，飽足。", "glossSimp": "饱足于饮食；厌，饱足。", "general": "河上公謂多嗜欲、無足時；唐玄宗謂烹肥擊鮮、重滋味；李榮謂厭之以芳鮮；陸希聲謂好醉飽忘民事。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓多嗜欲、无足时；唐玄宗谓烹肥击鲜、重滋味；李荣谓厌之以芳鲜；陆希声谓好醉饱忘民事。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c050", "c057", "c058", "c062", "c063" ], "refsSimp": [ "c050", "c057", "c058", "c062", "c063" ] }, { "id": "n012", "sentenceId": "s004", "start": 12, "end": 16, "char": "財貨有餘", "charSimp": "财货有余", "startSimp": 12, "endSimp": 16, "pinyin": "cái huò yǒu yú", "gloss": "財貨堆積有餘。", "glossSimp": "财货堆积有余。", "general": "河上公謂多嗜欲、無足時；唐玄宗謂聚斂積實、饒珍異；成玄英謂重賦百姓、積斂有餘；吳澄謂私府庫以為富。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓多嗜欲、无足时；唐玄宗谓聚敛积实、饶珍异；成玄英谓重赋百姓、积敛有余；吴澄谓私府库以为富。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c050", "c052", "c059", "c060", "c064" ], "refsSimp": [ "c050", "c052", "c059", "c060", "c064" ] }, { "id": "n013", "sentenceId": "s005", "start": 2, "end": 4, "char": "盜夸", "charSimp": "盗夸", "startSimp": 2, "endSimp": 4, "pinyin": "dào kuā", "gloss": "盜取民力而自夸；一作「盜竽」。", "glossSimp": "盗取民力而自夸；一作「盗竽」。", "general": "河上公謂劫盜以為服飾、持行誇人；王弼謂邪則盜、夸則竊位；唐玄宗謂非理而取為盜、矜其所有為誇；陸希聲謂盜用民力以為夸毗；憨山謂竽為樂之首而為先唱者。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓劫盗以为服饰、持行夸人；王弼谓邪则盗、夸则窃位；唐玄宗谓非理而取为盗、矜其所有为夸；陆希声谓盗用民力以为夸毗；憨山谓竽为乐之首而为先唱者。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c066", "c067", "c069", "c070", "c073", "c074" ], "refsSimp": [ "c066", "c067", "c069", "c070", "c073", "c074" ] }, { "id": "n014", "sentenceId": "s006", "start": 0, "end": 4, "char": "非道也哉", "charSimp": "非道也哉", "startSimp": 0, "endSimp": 4, "pinyin": "fēi dào yě zāi", "gloss": "這不是道啊；也哉，感歎之辭。", "glossSimp": "这不是道啊；也哉，感叹之辞。", "general": "河上公謂痛傷之辭；唐玄宗謂誇盜非道、適令興歎；嚴遵謂既非大道可為痛哉；李榮謂唯盜與誇俱非道行。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓痛伤之辞；唐玄宗谓夸盗非道、适令兴叹；严遵谓既非大道可为痛哉；李荣谓唯盗与夸俱非道行。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c070", "c071", "c072", "c077" ], "refsSimp": [ "c070", "c071", "c072", "c077" ] } ], "glossary": { "益證": "河上公本章章題。", "使我介然章": "《玄德纂疏》、蘇轍本章章題。", "使我介然有知": "假使我忽然間有了知慧。", "介然": "忽然、微小的樣子；河上公訓大，成玄英訓微小，吳澄訓倏然之頃。", "行於大道": "行走在大道之上。", "唯施是畏": "所畏的只是施為造作；施，施為，一說矜夸自大。", "大道": "大道、大路；此章喻無為之治。", "甚夷": "十分平坦；夷，平也、易也。", "徑": "邪僻的小路，與大道相反。", "好徑": "喜好邪僻的小路。", "朝甚除": "朝廷宮室修治得十分華美；除，治也、絜好也。", "朝": "朝廷、宮室。", "除": "治也、絜好也；一說革除弊政。", "田甚蕪": "田野十分荒蕪。", "蕪": "荒蕪、草長。", "倉甚虛": "倉廪十分空虛。", "倉": "倉廪、糧倉。", "服文綵": "穿着華美的錦繡衣裳；綵，彩色絲織品。", "帶利劍": "佩帶鋒利的寶劍。", "厭飲食": "飽足於飲食；厭，飽足。", "厭": "飽足、飫足。", "財貨有餘": "財貨堆積有餘。", "盜夸": "盜取民力而自夸；一作「盜竽」，韓非子作「盜竽」。", "盜竽": "「盜夸」的異文，《韓非子》作「盜竽」，王夫之從之，謂竽為樂之首、先唱者。", "夸": "矜夸、誇張。", "非道也哉": "這不是道啊；也哉，感歎之辭。", "夸毗": "誇張自大；陸希聲謂盜用民力以為夸毗。", "本末": "根本與末節；諸家以農田倉廪為本、文采劍佩為末。" }, "collations": [ { "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "章次與章題", "text": "王弼本無章題。河上公題「益證第五十三」；《玄德纂疏》、蘇轍題「使我介然章第五十三」；吳澄以此章為其第四十四章；魏源以此章為其第四十六章；王夫之標「五十三章」。本站從王弼本分章。", "source": "河上公《老子道德經章句》、王弼《老子道德經注》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、魏源《老子本義》、王夫之《老子衍》", "textSimp": "王弼本无章题。河上公题「益证第五十三」；《玄德纂疏》、苏辙题「使我介然章第五十三」；吴澄以此章为其第四十四章；魏源以此章为其第四十六章；王夫之标「五十三章」。本站从王弼本分章。", "headwordSimp": "章次与章题", "sourceSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》、王弼《老子道德经注》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、魏源《老子本义》、王夫之《老子衍》", "id": "k001" }, { "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "底本與分句", "text": "王弼道藏本轉錄正文作「使我介然有知，行於大道，唯施是畏。大道甚夷，而民好徑。朝甚除，田甚蕪，倉甚虛。服文綵，帶利劍，厭飲食，財貨有餘，是謂盜夸。非道也哉」，本站分六句，於「財貨有餘」下改讀句號，使「是謂盜夸」別為一句。河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之正文並同王弼本分章。", "source": "王弼《老子道德經注》、河上公《老子道德經章句》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》、王夫之《老子衍》", "textSimp": "王弼道藏本转录正文作「使我介然有知，行于大道，唯施是畏。大道甚夷，而民好径。朝甚除，田甚芜，仓甚虚。服文彩，带利剑，厌饮食，财货有余，是谓盗夸。非道也哉」，本站分六句，于「财货有余」下改读句号，使「是谓盗夸」别为一句。河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李荣、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之正文并同王弼本分章。", "headwordSimp": "底本与分句", "sourceSimp": 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"textSimp": "王弼道藏本、河上公、陆希声、吴澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之正文作「大道甚夷，而民好径」；《玄德纂疏》所引唐玄宗、成玄英、李荣，以及吕惠卿、苏辙正文作「大道甚夷，民甚好径」；魏源云陈景元作「民甚好径」。本站从王弼道藏本作「而民好径」。", "headwordSimp": "「而民好径」与「民甚好径」", "sourceSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》、河上公《老子道德经章句》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、李荣《道德真经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》、王夫之《老子衍》", "id": "k004" }, { "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "「民」與「人」", "text": "王弼、河上公、唐玄宗、成玄英、李榮、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山、魏源正文作「民」；王夫之作「而人好徑」。本站從王弼本作「民」。", "source": "王弼《老子道德經注》、河上公《老子道德經章句》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》、王夫之《老子衍》", "textSimp": "王弼、河上公、唐玄宗、成玄英、李荣、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、憨山、魏源正文作「民」；王夫之作「而人好径」。本站从王弼本作「民」。", "headwordSimp": "「民」与「人」", "sourceSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》、河上公《老子道德经章句》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、李荣《道德真经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》、王夫之《老子衍》", "id": "k005" }, { "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "「服文綵」「服文采」與「服文彩」", "text": "王弼、河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、呂惠卿、吳澄正文作「服文綵」；陸希聲作「服文彩」；蘇轍、憨山、魏源、王夫之作「服文采」。綵、采、彩三字古通用，本站從王弼本作「文綵」。", "source": "王弼《老子道德經注》、河上公《老子道德經章句》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》、王夫之《老子衍》", "textSimp": "王弼、河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、吕惠卿、吴澄正文作「服文彩」；陆希声作「服文彩」；苏辙、憨山、魏源、王夫之作「服文采」。彩、采、彩三字古通用，本站从王弼本作「文彩」。", "headwordSimp": "「服文彩」「服文采」与「服文彩」", "sourceSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》、河上公《老子道德经章句》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》、王夫之《老子衍》", "id": "k006" }, { "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "「厭飲食」與「饜飲食」", "text": "王弼、河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之正文作「厭飲食」；陸希聲作「饜飲食」。厭、饜音義相通，本站從王弼本作「厭」。", "source": "王弼《老子道德經注》、河上公《老子道德經章句》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》、王夫之《老子衍》", "textSimp": "王弼、河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之正文作「厌饮食」；陆希声作「餍饮食」。厌、餍音义相通，本站从王弼本作「厌」。", "headwordSimp": "「厌饮食」与「餍饮食」", "sourceSimp": 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[ "c001", "c004", "c005", "c006", "c011", "c012" ], "refsSimp": [ "c001", "c004", "c005", "c006", "c011", "c012" ], "forms": [ { "form": "介然", "formSimp": "介然", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 2, "id": "n002", "noteId": "n002", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "行於大道", "headwordSimp": "行于大道", "pinyin": "xíng yú dà dào", "gloss": "行走在大道之上。", "glossSimp": "行走在大道之上。", "general": "河上公謂行於大道、躬无為之化；王弼謂行大道於天下；呂惠卿謂行於大道則唯施是畏；吳澄謂欲行於大道。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓行于大道、躬无为之化；王弼谓行大道于天下；吕惠卿谓行于大道则唯施是畏；吴澄谓欲行于大道。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c001", "c003", "c009", "c011" ], "refsSimp": [ "c001", "c003", "c009", "c011" ], "forms": [ { "form": "行於大道", "formSimp": "行于大道", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 3, "id": "n003", "noteId": "n003", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "唯施是畏", "headwordSimp": "唯施是畏", "pinyin": "wéi shī shì wèi", "gloss": "所畏的只是施為造作。", "glossSimp": "所畏的只是施为造作。", "general": "河上公謂獨畏有所施為、失道意；王弼謂唯施為之是畏；唐玄宗謂唯所施為是皆可畏；吳澄以施為矜夸張大；魏源源案以施且夸則務於外。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓独畏有所施为、失道意；王弼谓唯施为之是畏；唐玄宗谓唯所施为是皆可畏；吴澄以施为矜夸张大；魏源源案以施且夸则务于外。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c002", "c003", "c005", "c011", "c014" ], "refsSimp": [ "c002", "c003", "c005", "c011", "c014" ], "forms": [ { "form": "唯施是畏", "formSimp": "唯施是畏", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 4, "id": "n004", "noteId": "n004", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "甚夷", "headwordSimp": "甚夷", "pinyin": "shèn yí", "gloss": "十分平坦；夷，平也、易也。", "glossSimp": "十分平坦；夷，平也、易也。", "general": "河上公謂夷平也易也；王弼謂大道蕩然正平；成玄英謂夷平正也；唐玄宗謂夷平也；陸希聲以亨衢平易喻之。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓夷平也易也；王弼谓大道荡然正平；成玄英谓夷平正也；唐玄宗谓夷平也；陆希声以亨衢平易喻之。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c016", "c018", "c019", "c021", "c023" ], "refsSimp": [ "c016", "c018", "c019", "c021", "c023" ], "forms": [ { "form": "甚夷", "formSimp": "甚夷", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 5, "id": "n005", "noteId": "n005", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "好徑", "headwordSimp": "好径", "pinyin": "hào jìng", "gloss": "喜好邪僻的小路；徑，邪道、小路。", "glossSimp": "喜好邪僻的小路；径，邪道、小路。", "general": "河上公謂徑邪不平正；王弼謂好從邪徑；成玄英謂徑邪道也；吳澄謂徑者小路與大道相反；李嘉靖謂爭於小徑則矜智欺人。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓径邪不平正；王弼谓好从邪径；成玄英谓径邪道也；吴澄谓径者小路与大道相反；李嘉靖谓争于小径则矜智欺人。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c017", "c018", "c019", "c026", "c028" ], "refsSimp": [ "c017", "c018", "c019", "c026", "c028" ], "forms": [ { "form": "好徑", "formSimp": "好径", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 6, "id": "n006", "noteId": "n006", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "朝甚除", "headwordSimp": "朝甚除", "pinyin": "cháo shèn chú", "gloss": "朝廷宮室修治得十分華美；除，治也、絜好也。", "glossSimp": "朝廷宫室修治得十分华美；除，治也、絜好也。", "general": "河上公謂高臺榭、宮室修；王弼謂朝宮室也、除絜好也；唐玄宗謂除理也；陸希聲謂朝闕甚修除則知好土木；憨山謂除謂革其弊。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓高台榭、宫室修；王弼谓朝宫室也、除絜好也；唐玄宗谓除理也；陆希声谓朝阙甚修除则知好土木；憨山谓除谓革其弊。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c029", "c032", "c036", "c037", "c044", "c027" ], "refsSimp": [ "c029", "c032", "c036", "c037", "c044", "c027" ], "forms": [ { "form": "朝甚除", "formSimp": "朝甚除", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 7, "id": "n007", "noteId": "n007", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "田甚蕪", "headwordSimp": "田甚芜", "pinyin": "tián shèn wú", "gloss": "田野十分荒蕪。", "glossSimp": "田野十分荒芜。", "general": "河上公謂農事廢、不耕治；唐玄宗謂浮食惰業廢農事；李榮謂良田蕪穢；陸希聲謂好力役奪民時。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓农事废、不耕治；唐玄宗谓浮食惰业废农事；李荣谓良田芜秽；陆希声谓好力役夺民时。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c030", "c038", "c039", "c042", "c044" ], "refsSimp": [ "c030", "c038", "c039", "c042", "c044" ], "forms": [ { "form": "田甚蕪", "formSimp": "田甚芜", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 8, "id": "n008", "noteId": "n008", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "倉甚虛", "headwordSimp": "仓甚虚", "pinyin": "cāng shèn xū", "gloss": "倉廪十分空虛。", "glossSimp": "仓廪十分空虚。", "general": "河上公謂五穀傷害、國無儲；王弼謂設一而眾害生；唐玄宗謂南畝不收、無儲積；李榮謂農廢則倉虚。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓五谷伤害、国无储；王弼谓设一而众害生；唐玄宗谓南亩不收、无储积；李荣谓农废则仓虚。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c031", "c032", "c040", "c041", "c043" ], "refsSimp": [ "c031", "c032", "c040", "c041", "c043" ], "forms": [ { "form": "倉甚虛", "formSimp": "仓甚虚", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 9, "id": "n009", "noteId": "n009", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "服文綵", "headwordSimp": "服文彩", "pinyin": "fú wén cǎi", "gloss": "穿着華美的錦繡衣裳；綵，彩色絲織品。", "glossSimp": "穿着华美的锦绣衣裳；彩，彩色丝织品。", "general": "河上公謂好飾偽、貴外華；唐玄宗謂刻彫綺繡害工利；陸希聲謂好淫巧蠹女工；成玄英謂黼黻文繡以麗其身。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓好饰伪、贵外华；唐玄宗谓刻雕绮绣害工利；陆希声谓好淫巧蠹女工；成玄英谓黼黻文绣以丽其身。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c048", "c051", "c053", "c054", "c063" ], "refsSimp": [ "c048", "c051", "c053", "c054", "c063" ], "forms": [ { "form": "服文綵", "formSimp": "服文彩", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 10, "id": "n010", "noteId": "n010", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "帶利劍", "headwordSimp": "带利剑", "pinyin": "dài lì jiàn", "gloss": "佩帶鋒利的寶劍。", "glossSimp": "佩带锋利的宝剑。", "general": "河上公謂尚剛強、武且奢；唐玄宗謂文德不修、尚武備；李榮謂賤文而貴武；陸希聲謂好武勇生國患。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓尚刚强、武且奢；唐玄宗谓文德不修、尚武备；李荣谓贱文而贵武；陆希声谓好武勇生国患。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c049", "c055", "c056", "c061", "c063" ], "refsSimp": [ "c049", "c055", "c056", "c061", "c063" ], "forms": [ { "form": "帶利劍", "formSimp": "带利剑", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 11, "id": "n011", "noteId": "n011", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "厭飲食", "headwordSimp": "厌饮食", "pinyin": "yàn yǐn shí", "gloss": "飽足於飲食；厭，飽足。", "glossSimp": "饱足于饮食；厌，饱足。", "general": "河上公謂多嗜欲、無足時；唐玄宗謂烹肥擊鮮、重滋味；李榮謂厭之以芳鮮；陸希聲謂好醉飽忘民事。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓多嗜欲、无足时；唐玄宗谓烹肥击鲜、重滋味；李荣谓厌之以芳鲜；陆希声谓好醉饱忘民事。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c050", "c057", "c058", "c062", "c063" ], "refsSimp": [ "c050", "c057", "c058", "c062", "c063" ], "forms": [ { "form": "厭飲食", "formSimp": "厌饮食", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 12, "id": "n012", "noteId": "n012", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "財貨有餘", "headwordSimp": "财货有余", "pinyin": "cái huò yǒu yú", "gloss": "財貨堆積有餘。", "glossSimp": "财货堆积有余。", "general": "河上公謂多嗜欲、無足時；唐玄宗謂聚斂積實、饒珍異；成玄英謂重賦百姓、積斂有餘；吳澄謂私府庫以為富。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓多嗜欲、无足时；唐玄宗谓聚敛积实、饶珍异；成玄英谓重赋百姓、积敛有余；吴澄谓私府库以为富。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c050", "c052", "c059", "c060", "c064" ], "refsSimp": [ "c050", "c052", "c059", "c060", "c064" ], "forms": [ { "form": "財貨有餘", "formSimp": "财货有余", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 13, "id": "n013", "noteId": "n013", "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "盜夸", "headwordSimp": "盗夸", "pinyin": "dào kuā", "gloss": "盜取民力而自夸；一作「盜竽」。", "glossSimp": "盗取民力而自夸；一作「盗竽」。", "general": "河上公謂劫盜以為服飾、持行誇人；王弼謂邪則盜、夸則竊位；唐玄宗謂非理而取為盜、矜其所有為誇；陸希聲謂盜用民力以為夸毗；憨山謂竽為樂之首而為先唱者。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓劫盗以为服饰、持行夸人；王弼谓邪则盗、夸则窃位；唐玄宗谓非理而取为盗、矜其所有为夸；陆希声谓盗用民力以为夸毗；憨山谓竽为乐之首而为先唱者。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c066", "c067", "c069", "c070", "c073", "c074" ], "refsSimp": [ "c066", "c067", "c069", "c070", "c073", "c074" ], "forms": [ { "form": "盜夸", "formSimp": "盗夸", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s005" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s005" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 14, "id": "n014", "noteId": "n014", "sentenceId": "s006", "headword": "非道也哉", "headwordSimp": "非道也哉", "pinyin": "fēi dào yě zāi", "gloss": "這不是道啊；也哉，感歎之辭。", "glossSimp": "这不是道啊；也哉，感叹之辞。", "general": "河上公謂痛傷之辭；唐玄宗謂誇盜非道、適令興歎；嚴遵謂既非大道可為痛哉；李榮謂唯盜與誇俱非道行。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓痛伤之辞；唐玄宗谓夸盗非道、适令兴叹；严遵谓既非大道可为痛哉；李荣谓唯盗与夸俱非道行。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c070", "c071", "c072", "c077" ], "refsSimp": [ "c070", "c071", "c072", "c077" ], "forms": [ { "form": "非道也哉", "formSimp": "非道也哉", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s006" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s006" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 } ], "glossaryEntries": [ { "order": 15, "id": "g001", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "益證", "headwordSimp": "益证", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "河上公本章章題。", "glossSimp": "河上公本章章题。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "益證", "formSimp": "益证", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 16, "id": "g002", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "使我介然章", "headwordSimp": "使我介然章", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "《玄德纂疏》、蘇轍本章章題。", "glossSimp": "《玄德纂疏》、苏辙本章章题。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "使我介然章", "formSimp": "使我介然章", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 17, "id": "g003", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "使我介然有知", "headwordSimp": "使我介然有知", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "假使我忽然間有了知慧。", "glossSimp": "假使我忽然间有了知慧。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "使我介然有知", "formSimp": "使我介然有知", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 18, "id": "g004", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "介然", "headwordSimp": "介然", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "忽然、微小的樣子；河上公訓大，成玄英訓微小，吳澄訓倏然之頃。", "glossSimp": "忽然、微小的样子；河上公训大，成玄英训微小，吴澄训倏然之顷。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "介然", "formSimp": "介然", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 19, "id": "g005", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "行於大道", "headwordSimp": "行于大道", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "行走在大道之上。", "glossSimp": "行走在大道之上。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "行於大道", "formSimp": "行于大道", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 20, "id": "g006", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "唯施是畏", "headwordSimp": "唯施是畏", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "所畏的只是施為造作；施，施為，一說矜夸自大。", "glossSimp": "所畏的只是施为造作；施，施为，一说矜夸自大。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "唯施是畏", "formSimp": "唯施是畏", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 21, "id": "g007", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "大道", "headwordSimp": "大道", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "大道、大路；此章喻無為之治。", "glossSimp": "大道、大路；此章喻无为之治。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "大道", "formSimp": "大道", "kind": "headword", "count": 2, "sentenceIds": [ "s001", "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001", "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 2 }, { "order": 22, "id": "g008", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "甚夷", "headwordSimp": "甚夷", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "十分平坦；夷，平也、易也。", "glossSimp": "十分平坦；夷，平也、易也。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "甚夷", "formSimp": "甚夷", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 23, "id": "g009", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "徑", "headwordSimp": "径", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "邪僻的小路，與大道相反。", "glossSimp": "邪僻的小路，与大道相反。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "徑", "formSimp": "径", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 24, "id": "g010", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "好徑", "headwordSimp": "好径", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "喜好邪僻的小路。", "glossSimp": "喜好邪僻的小路。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "好徑", "formSimp": "好径", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 25, "id": "g011", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "朝甚除", "headwordSimp": "朝甚除", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "朝廷宮室修治得十分華美；除，治也、絜好也。", "glossSimp": "朝廷宫室修治得十分华美；除，治也、絜好也。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "朝甚除", "formSimp": "朝甚除", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 26, "id": "g012", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "朝", "headwordSimp": "朝", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "朝廷、宮室。", "glossSimp": "朝廷、宫室。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "朝", "formSimp": "朝", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 27, "id": "g013", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "除", "headwordSimp": "除", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "治也、絜好也；一說革除弊政。", "glossSimp": "治也、絜好也；一说革除弊政。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "除", "formSimp": "除", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 28, "id": "g014", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "田甚蕪", "headwordSimp": "田甚芜", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "田野十分荒蕪。", "glossSimp": "田野十分荒芜。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "田甚蕪", "formSimp": "田甚芜", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 29, "id": "g015", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "蕪", "headwordSimp": "芜", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "荒蕪、草長。", "glossSimp": "荒芜、草长。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "蕪", "formSimp": "芜", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 30, "id": "g016", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "倉甚虛", "headwordSimp": "仓甚虚", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "倉廪十分空虛。", "glossSimp": "仓廪十分空虚。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "倉甚虛", "formSimp": "仓甚虚", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 31, "id": "g017", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "倉", "headwordSimp": "仓", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "倉廪、糧倉。", "glossSimp": "仓廪、粮仓。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "倉", "formSimp": "仓", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 32, "id": "g018", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "服文綵", "headwordSimp": "服文彩", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "穿着華美的錦繡衣裳；綵，彩色絲織品。", "glossSimp": "穿着华美的锦绣衣裳；彩，彩色丝织品。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "服文綵", "formSimp": "服文彩", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 33, "id": "g019", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "帶利劍", "headwordSimp": "带利剑", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "佩帶鋒利的寶劍。", "glossSimp": "佩带锋利的宝剑。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "帶利劍", "formSimp": "带利剑", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 34, "id": "g020", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "厭飲食", "headwordSimp": "厌饮食", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "飽足於飲食；厭，飽足。", "glossSimp": "饱足于饮食；厌，饱足。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "厭飲食", "formSimp": "厌饮食", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 35, "id": "g021", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "厭", "headwordSimp": "厌", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "飽足、飫足。", "glossSimp": "饱足、饫足。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "厭", "formSimp": "厌", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 36, "id": "g022", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "財貨有餘", "headwordSimp": "财货有余", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "財貨堆積有餘。", "glossSimp": "财货堆积有余。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "財貨有餘", "formSimp": "财货有余", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 37, "id": "g023", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "盜夸", "headwordSimp": "盗夸", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "盜取民力而自夸；一作「盜竽」，韓非子作「盜竽」。", "glossSimp": "盗取民力而自夸；一作「盗竽」，韩非子作「盗竽」。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "盜夸", "formSimp": "盗夸", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s005" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s005" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 38, "id": "g024", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "盜竽", "headwordSimp": "盗竽", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "「盜夸」的異文，《韓非子》作「盜竽」，王夫之從之，謂竽為樂之首、先唱者。", "glossSimp": "「盗夸」的异文，《韩非子》作「盗竽」，王夫之从之，谓竽为乐之首、先唱者。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "盜竽", "formSimp": "盗竽", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 39, "id": "g025", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "夸", "headwordSimp": "夸", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "矜夸、誇張。", "glossSimp": "矜夸、夸张。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "夸", "formSimp": "夸", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s005" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s005" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 40, "id": "g026", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s006", "headword": "非道也哉", "headwordSimp": "非道也哉", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "這不是道啊；也哉，感歎之辭。", "glossSimp": "这不是道啊；也哉，感叹之辞。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "非道也哉", "formSimp": "非道也哉", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s006" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s006" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 41, "id": "g027", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "夸毗", "headwordSimp": "夸毗", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "誇張自大；陸希聲謂盜用民力以為夸毗。", "glossSimp": "夸张自大；陆希声谓盗用民力以为夸毗。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "夸毗", "formSimp": "夸毗", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 42, "id": "g028", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "本末", "headwordSimp": "本末", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "根本與末節；諸家以農田倉廪為本、文采劍佩為末。", "glossSimp": "根本与末节；诸家以农田仓廪为本、文采剑佩为末。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "本末", "formSimp": "本末", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 } ] }, "relations": { "version": "1.0.0", "note": "第五十三章六句的十三家對照，為德經第十六章。河上公此章據四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引；成玄英、唐玄宗御注御疏、李榮、嚴遵據《玄德纂疏》卷十四所引；王弼、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄據《道藏》本；憨山、魏源、王夫之據公開轉錄本；俞樾《諸子平議》此章未列。河上公題「益證」，《玄德纂疏》、蘇轍題「使我介然章」，吳澄以此章為其第四十四章，魏源以此章為其第四十六章。介然有知與唯施是畏，有介大、微小、耿介、倏然之頃與施為、矜夸諸解；大道甚夷而民好徑，有邪徑、捷徑、本末、有知求之諸說；朝除田蕪倉虛，有宮室修治、除理政務、革除弊政之別；文綵劍佩飲食貨財，有文末武末、淫巧聚斂、上行下效之辨；盜夸非道，有竊位、盜用民力、盜竽先唱、痛傷感歎之異。", "concepts": [ { "id": "jie-ran-you-zhi", "name": "使我介然有知，行於大道，唯施是畏", "nameTrad": "使我介然有知，行於大道，唯施是畏", "question": "「介然」是微小、忽然，還是耿介自矜？「施」是施為造作，還是矜夸自大？", "questionTrad": "「介然」是微小、忽然，還是耿介自矜？「施」是施為造作，還是矜夸自大？", "intro": "河上公以介為大，老子疾時王不行大道故設此言，唯獨畏有所施為，欲賞善恐偽善生、欲信忠恐詐忠起。王弼以若使我可介然有知、行大道於天下，唯施為之是畏。成玄英以使我為假設之辭、知為分别、介然為微小，至道虚通妙絶分别，起心分别即乖於本心，諸所施為動之死地故可畏。唐玄宗御注以耿介然矜其有知、欲行大道，既與道不合故唯所施為是皆可畏；御疏以道非知法，有知則與道相乖。李榮以若使我微知政事必行無為之大道、不涉有為之小徑。陸希聲以介然微有知常之明，則唯所施而是畏。呂惠卿以不能刳心而有介然之知行於大道則唯施是畏。蘇轍以體道者無知無行，介然有知則無所施設建立、非其自然。吳澄以介然為倏然之頃、施為矜夸張大。憨山以介然猶些小、乃微少之意，天下人心奸險可畏而將施之於誰。魏源引姚鼐論章次，源案以道以不盈為大、今施且夸則務於外。王夫之以知介然之靡常則己無留好。諸家於介然或訓大、或訓微、或訓倏然，於施或訓施為、或訓矜夸，大旨皆以有知施為為行道之病。", "introTrad": "河上公以介為大，老子疾時王不行大道故設此言，唯獨畏有所施為，欲賞善恐偽善生、欲信忠恐詐忠起。王弼以若使我可介然有知、行大道於天下，唯施為之是畏。成玄英以使我為假設之辭、知為分别、介然為微小，至道虚通妙絶分别，起心分别即乖於本心，諸所施為動之死地故可畏。唐玄宗御注以耿介然矜其有知、欲行大道，既與道不合故唯所施為是皆可畏；御疏以道非知法，有知則與道相乖。李榮以若使我微知政事必行無為之大道、不涉有為之小徑。陸希聲以介然微有知常之明，則唯所施而是畏。呂惠卿以不能刳心而有介然之知行於大道則唯施是畏。蘇轍以體道者無知無行，介然有知則無所施設建立、非其自然。吳澄以介然為倏然之頃、施為矜夸張大。憨山以介然猶些小、乃微少之意，天下人心奸險可畏而將施之於誰。魏源引姚鼐論章次，源案以道以不盈為大、今施且夸則務於外。王夫之以知介然之靡常則己無留好。諸家於介然或訓大、或訓微、或訓倏然，於施或訓施為、或訓矜夸，大旨皆以有知施為為行道之病。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "介大也；唯獨畏有所施為，欲賞善恐偽善生，欲信忠恐詐忠起。", "thesisTrad": "介大也；唯獨畏有所施為，欲賞善恐偽善生，欲信忠恐詐忠起。", "noteIds": [ "c001", "c002" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "介大也；唯独畏有所施为，欲赏善恐伪善生，欲信忠恐诈忠起。" }, "wangbi": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "若使我可介然有知、行大道於天下，唯施為之是畏。", "thesisTrad": "若使我可介然有知、行大道於天下，唯施為之是畏。", "noteIds": [ "c003" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "若使我可介然有知、行大道于天下，唯施为之是畏。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "介然微小；起心分别即乖於本心，諸所施為動之死地故可畏。", "thesisTrad": "介然微小；起心分别即乖於本心，諸所施為動之死地故可畏。", "noteIds": [ "c004" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "介然微小；起心分别即乖于本心，诸所施为动之死地故可畏。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "耿介然矜其有知、欲行大道，既與道不合故唯所施為是皆可畏。", "thesisTrad": "耿介然矜其有知、欲行大道，既與道不合故唯所施為是皆可畏。", "noteIds": [ "c005", "c006" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "耿介然矜其有知、欲行大道，既与道不合故唯所施为是皆可畏。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "若使我微知政事，必行無為之大道，不涉有為之小徑。", "thesisTrad": "若使我微知政事，必行無為之大道，不涉有為之小徑。", "noteIds": [ "c007" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "若使我微知政事，必行无为之大道，不涉有为之小径。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "介然微有知常之明，方將行於大道，則唯所施而是畏。", "thesisTrad": "介然微有知常之明，方將行於大道，則唯所施而是畏。", "noteIds": [ "c008" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "介然微有知常之明，方将行于大道，则唯所施而是畏。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "不能刳心而有介然之知，行於大道則唯施是畏。", "thesisTrad": "不能刳心而有介然之知，行於大道則唯施是畏。", "noteIds": [ "c009" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "不能刳心而有介然之知，行于大道则唯施是畏。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "體道者無知無行；介然有知則無所施設建立、非其自然。", "thesisTrad": "體道者無知無行；介然有知則無所施設建立、非其自然。", "noteIds": [ "c010" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "体道者无知无行；介然有知则无所施设建立、非其自然。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "介然為倏然之頃，施為矜夸張大；夸張最其所忌。", "thesisTrad": "介然為倏然之頃，施為矜夸張大；夸張最其所忌。", "noteIds": [ "c011" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "介然为倏然之顷，施为矜夸张大；夸张最其所忌。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "介然猶些小、微少之意；天下人心奸險可畏而將施之於誰。", "thesisTrad": "介然猶些小、微少之意；天下人心奸險可畏而將施之於誰。", "noteIds": [ "c012" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "介然犹些小、微少之意；天下人心奸险可畏而将施之于谁。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "道以不盈為大，今施且夸則務於外、無而為有、虚而為盈。", "thesisTrad": "道以不盈為大，今施且夸則務於外、無而為有、虚而為盈。", "noteIds": [ "c013", "c014" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "道以不盈为大，今施且夸则务于外、无而为有、虚而为盈。" }, "wangfuzhi": { "workType": "衍", "workTypeTrad": "衍", "thesis": "知介然之靡常則己無留好；雖施不足畏，而況於知。", "thesisTrad": "知介然之靡常則己無留好；雖施不足畏，而況於知。", "noteIds": [ "c015" ], "workTypeSimp": "衍", "thesisSimp": "知介然之靡常则己无留好；虽施不足畏，而况于知。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c001", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公以介大也、疾時王不行大道立說。", "textTrad": "河上公以介大也、疾時王不行大道立說。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公以介大也、疾时王不行大道立说。" }, { "noteId": "c003", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "王弼以唯施為之是畏申之。", "textTrad": "王弼以唯施為之是畏申之。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "王弼以唯施为之是畏申之。" }, { "noteId": "c004", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英以介然微小、起心分别動之死地分疏。", "textTrad": "成玄英以介然微小、起心分别動之死地分疏。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英以介然微小、起心分别动之死地分疏。" }, { "noteId": "c005", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "唐玄宗御注以耿介有知、與道不合立說。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗御注以耿介有知、與道不合立說。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "唐玄宗御注以耿介有知、与道不合立说。" }, { "noteId": "c007", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮以微知政事、必行無為之大道轉進。", "textTrad": "李榮以微知政事、必行無為之大道轉進。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣以微知政事、必行无为之大道转进。" }, { "noteId": "c008", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "陸希聲以介然微有知常之明、唯所施而是畏立說。", "textTrad": "陸希聲以介然微有知常之明、唯所施而是畏立說。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "陆希声以介然微有知常之明、唯所施而是畏立说。" }, { "noteId": "c009", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "呂惠卿以不能刳心、有介然之知立說。", "textTrad": "呂惠卿以不能刳心、有介然之知立說。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "吕惠卿以不能刳心、有介然之知立说。" }, { "noteId": "c010", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "蘇轍以體道無知、施設非自然立說。", "textTrad": "蘇轍以體道無知、施設非自然立說。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "苏辙以体道无知、施设非自然立说。" }, { "noteId": "c011", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄以介然為倏然之頃、施為矜夸張大立說。", "textTrad": "吳澄以介然為倏然之頃、施為矜夸張大立說。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄以介然为倏然之顷、施为矜夸张大立说。" }, { "noteId": "c012", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "憨山以介然些小、人心奸險可畏立說。", "textTrad": "憨山以介然些小、人心奸險可畏立說。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "憨山以介然些小、人心奸险可畏立说。" }, { "noteId": "c013", "relation": "按語", "relationTrad": "按語", "text": "魏源引姚鼐論此十四字當屬上章之末。", "textTrad": "魏源引姚鼐論此十四字當屬上章之末。", "relationSimp": "按语", "textSimp": "魏源引姚鼐论此十四字当属上章之末。" }, { "noteId": "c015", "relation": "衍", "relationTrad": "衍", "text": "王夫之別釋介然之靡常，轉出知幾之義。", "textTrad": "王夫之別釋介然之靡常，轉出知幾之義。", "relationSimp": "衍", "textSimp": "王夫之别释介然之靡常，转出知几之义。" } ], "nameSimp": "使我介然有知，行于大道，唯施是畏", "questionSimp": "「介然」是微小、忽然，还是耿介自矜？「施」是施为造作，还是矜夸自大？", "introSimp": "河上公以介为大，老子疾时王不行大道故设此言，唯独畏有所施为，欲赏善恐伪善生、欲信忠恐诈忠起。王弼以若使我可介然有知、行大道于天下，唯施为之是畏。成玄英以使我为假设之辞、知为分别、介然为微小，至道虚通妙绝分别，起心分别即乖于本心，诸所施为动之死地故可畏。唐玄宗御注以耿介然矜其有知、欲行大道，既与道不合故唯所施为是皆可畏；御疏以道非知法，有知则与道相乖。李荣以若使我微知政事必行无为之大道、不涉有为之小径。陆希声以介然微有知常之明，则唯所施而是畏。吕惠卿以不能刳心而有介然之知行于大道则唯施是畏。苏辙以体道者无知无行，介然有知则无所施设建立、非其自然。吴澄以介然为倏然之顷、施为矜夸张大。憨山以介然犹些小、乃微少之意，天下人心奸险可畏而将施之于谁。魏源引姚鼐论章次，源案以道以不盈为大、今施且夸则务于外。王夫之以知介然之靡常则己无留好。诸家于介然或训大、或训微、或训倏然，于施或训施为、或训矜夸，大旨皆以有知施为为行道之病。" }, { "id": "da-dao-shen-yi", "name": "大道甚夷，而民好徑", "nameTrad": "大道甚夷，而民好徑", "question": "大道平易，民何以好走邪徑？是欲速求捷，還是有知求之？", "questionTrad": "大道平易，民何以好走邪徑？是欲速求捷，還是有知求之？", "intro": "河上公以夷為平易，徑為邪不平正，大道甚平易而民好從邪徑。王弼以大道蕩然正平而民猶舍之不由、好從邪徑，況復施為以塞大道之中。成玄英以夷為平正、徑為邪道，顛倒之類背正好邪遂使大道陵遲、小成孔熾。唐玄宗御注以大道平易而是畏有知，人多故欲心求捷；御疏以大道之化貴夫無為，代之從事不能息智於無欲，始雖好徑而求捷、終則失道而焚和。李榮以正道平而易、邪徑險而難，理國者多履其難、修身者少從其易。陸希聲以大道猶亨衢、平易無往不達，世人欲速由於捷徑，是以崎嶇迷惑不達所趨。呂惠卿以大道之體不知而知則夷之甚，民乃欲以有知求之是好徑而不知所由。蘇轍以大道夷易無有險阻，世之不知者以為迂緩而好徑以求捷。吳澄以卑卑斂退者大道、堂堂夸張者小徑。憨山以大道坦夷直捷而民心邪僻、皆好徑，民好徑則教化衰。魏源引李嘉靖以行於大道則蕩然廣大、爭於小徑則矜智欺人。諸家或重欲速、或重有知，皆以好徑為舍本逐末之象。", "introTrad": "河上公以夷為平易，徑為邪不平正，大道甚平易而民好從邪徑。王弼以大道蕩然正平而民猶舍之不由、好從邪徑，況復施為以塞大道之中。成玄英以夷為平正、徑為邪道，顛倒之類背正好邪遂使大道陵遲、小成孔熾。唐玄宗御注以大道平易而是畏有知，人多故欲心求捷；御疏以大道之化貴夫無為，代之從事不能息智於無欲，始雖好徑而求捷、終則失道而焚和。李榮以正道平而易、邪徑險而難，理國者多履其難、修身者少從其易。陸希聲以大道猶亨衢、平易無往不達，世人欲速由於捷徑，是以崎嶇迷惑不達所趨。呂惠卿以大道之體不知而知則夷之甚，民乃欲以有知求之是好徑而不知所由。蘇轍以大道夷易無有險阻，世之不知者以為迂緩而好徑以求捷。吳澄以卑卑斂退者大道、堂堂夸張者小徑。憨山以大道坦夷直捷而民心邪僻、皆好徑，民好徑則教化衰。魏源引李嘉靖以行於大道則蕩然廣大、爭於小徑則矜智欺人。諸家或重欲速、或重有知，皆以好徑為舍本逐末之象。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "夷平也易也，徑邪不平正；民好從邪徑。", "thesisTrad": "夷平也易也，徑邪不平正；民好從邪徑。", "noteIds": [ "c016", "c017" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "夷平也易也，径邪不平正；民好从邪径。" }, "wangbi": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "大道蕩然正平而民舍之不由、好從邪徑。", "thesisTrad": "大道蕩然正平而民舍之不由、好從邪徑。", "noteIds": [ "c018" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "大道荡然正平而民舍之不由、好从邪径。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "夷平正、徑邪道；顛倒之類背正好邪。", "thesisTrad": "夷平正、徑邪道；顛倒之類背正好邪。", "noteIds": [ "c019" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "夷平正、径邪道；颠倒之类背正好邪。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "大道平易而是畏有知，人多故欲心求捷。", "thesisTrad": "大道平易而是畏有知，人多故欲心求捷。", "noteIds": [ "c020", "c021" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "大道平易而是畏有知，人多故欲心求捷。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "正道平而易、邪徑險而難，理國者多履其難。", "thesisTrad": "正道平而易、邪徑險而難，理國者多履其難。", "noteIds": [ "c022" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "正道平而易、邪径险而难，理国者多履其难。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "大道猶亨衢，世人欲速由於捷徑，崎嶇迷惑不達所趨。", "thesisTrad": "大道猶亨衢，世人欲速由於捷徑，崎嶇迷惑不達所趨。", "noteIds": [ "c023" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "大道犹亨衢，世人欲速由于捷径，崎岖迷惑不达所趋。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "民欲以有知求之，是好徑而不知所由。", "thesisTrad": "民欲以有知求之，是好徑而不知所由。", "noteIds": [ "c024" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "民欲以有知求之，是好径而不知所由。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "世之不知者以為迂緩，好徑以求捷。", "thesisTrad": "世之不知者以為迂緩，好徑以求捷。", "noteIds": [ "c025" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "世之不知者以为迂缓，好径以求捷。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "卑卑斂退者大道，堂堂夸張者小徑。", "thesisTrad": "卑卑斂退者大道，堂堂夸張者小徑。", "noteIds": [ "c026" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "卑卑敛退者大道，堂堂夸张者小径。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "大道坦夷直捷而民心邪僻皆好徑，好徑則教化衰。", "thesisTrad": "大道坦夷直捷而民心邪僻皆好徑，好徑則教化衰。", "noteIds": [ "c027" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "大道坦夷直捷而民心邪僻皆好径，好径则教化衰。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "行於大道則蕩然廣大，爭於小徑則矜智欺人。", "thesisTrad": "行於大道則蕩然廣大，爭於小徑則矜智欺人。", "noteIds": [ "c028" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "行于大道则荡然广大，争于小径则矜智欺人。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c016", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公以夷平易、徑邪不平正立說。", "textTrad": "河上公以夷平易、徑邪不平正立說。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公以夷平易、径邪不平正立说。" }, { "noteId": "c018", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "王弼以民舍正不由、好從邪徑申之。", "textTrad": "王弼以民舍正不由、好從邪徑申之。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "王弼以民舍正不由、好从邪径申之。" }, { "noteId": "c019", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英以背正好邪、大道陵遲分疏。", "textTrad": "成玄英以背正好邪、大道陵遲分疏。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英以背正好邪、大道陵迟分疏。" }, { "noteId": "c020", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "唐玄宗御注以有知求捷、好從邪徑立說。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗御注以有知求捷、好從邪徑立說。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "唐玄宗御注以有知求捷、好从邪径立说。" }, { "noteId": "c022", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮以正道平易、邪徑險難分釋。", "textTrad": "李榮以正道平易、邪徑險難分釋。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣以正道平易、邪径险难分释。" }, { "noteId": "c023", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "陸希聲以亨衢、捷徑喻大道與小徑。", "textTrad": "陸希聲以亨衢、捷徑喻大道與小徑。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "陆希声以亨衢、捷径喻大道与小径。" }, { "noteId": "c024", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "呂惠卿以有知求之即好徑轉進。", "textTrad": "呂惠卿以有知求之即好徑轉進。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "吕惠卿以有知求之即好径转进。" }, { "noteId": "c025", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "蘇轍以迂緩求捷、施設欲速立說。", "textTrad": "蘇轍以迂緩求捷、施設欲速立說。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "苏辙以迂缓求捷、施设欲速立说。" }, { "noteId": "c026", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄以斂退、夸張分大道小徑。", "textTrad": "吳澄以斂退、夸張分大道小徑。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄以敛退、夸张分大道小径。" }, { "noteId": "c027", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "憨山以好徑則教化衰、法益嚴轉出下句。", "textTrad": "憨山以好徑則教化衰、法益嚴轉出下句。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "憨山以好径则教化衰、法益严转出下句。" }, { "noteId": "c028", "relation": "本義", "relationTrad": "本義", "text": "魏源引李嘉靖以蕩然廣大、矜智欺人對舉。", "textTrad": "魏源引李嘉靖以蕩然廣大、矜智欺人對舉。", "relationSimp": "本义", "textSimp": "魏源引李嘉靖以荡然广大、矜智欺人对举。" } ], "nameSimp": "大道甚夷，而民好径", "questionSimp": "大道平易，民何以好走邪径？是欲速求捷，还是有知求之？", "introSimp": "河上公以夷为平易，径为邪不平正，大道甚平易而民好从邪径。王弼以大道荡然正平而民犹舍之不由、好从邪径，况复施为以塞大道之中。成玄英以夷为平正、径为邪道，颠倒之类背正好邪遂使大道陵迟、小成孔炽。唐玄宗御注以大道平易而是畏有知，人多故欲心求捷；御疏以大道之化贵夫无为，代之从事不能息智于无欲，始虽好径而求捷、终则失道而焚和。李荣以正道平而易、邪径险而难，理国者多履其难、修身者少从其易。陆希声以大道犹亨衢、平易无往不达，世人欲速由于捷径，是以崎岖迷惑不达所趋。吕惠卿以大道之体不知而知则夷之甚，民乃欲以有知求之是好径而不知所由。苏辙以大道夷易无有险阻，世之不知者以为迂缓而好径以求捷。吴澄以卑卑敛退者大道、堂堂夸张者小径。憨山以大道坦夷直捷而民心邪僻、皆好径，民好径则教化衰。魏源引李嘉靖以行于大道则荡然广大、争于小径则矜智欺人。诸家或重欲速、或重有知，皆以好径为舍本逐末之象。" }, { "id": "chao-chu-tian-wu", "name": "朝甚除，田甚蕪，倉甚虛", "nameTrad": "朝甚除，田甚蕪，倉甚虛", "question": "「朝甚除」是宮室修治華美，還是除理政務、革除弊政？三者並列見何本末之失？", "questionTrad": "「朝甚除」是宮室修治華美，還是除理政務、革除弊政？三者並列見何本末之失？", "intro": "河上公以朝甚除為高臺榭、宮室修，田甚蕪為農事廢、不耕治，倉甚虛為五穀傷害、國無儲。王弼以朝為宮室、除為絜好，朝甚除則田甚蕪、倉甚虛，設一而眾害生。成玄英以除去故宇更造新宮、彫楹刻桷窮乎綺麗，徭役既繁農夫喪業，稼穡有限而國費無貲。唐玄宗御注以尚賢矜智生巧偽、除理也，御疏兼取有為為理與朝廷修理峻宇雕牆二解；田甚蕪為浮食惰業廢農事，倉甚虛為南畝不收無儲積。李榮以彫墻峻宇、除故造新，下人妨農、良田蕪穢，年登則廪實、農廢則倉虛。陸希聲以入其國其政教可知，觀朝闕修除則知好土木、觀田野荒蕪則知好力役、觀倉廪空虛則知好末作。呂惠卿以不得其母則其子非吾有，洒掃庭内、蕪田、虛倉而非其有。蘇轍以聖人豈復飾末廢本以施設為事、夸以誨盜。憨山以民好徑則教化衰、奸愈甚、法益嚴故曰朝甚除，除謂革其弊，法嚴而民棄本好游食故田蕪倉虛。魏源引陳懿典以朝廷雖甚美而田疇倉廪荒蕪虛耗，源案以朝甚除以下極言以曉愚迷。諸家或訓除為治、或訓為理、或訓為革弊，皆以宮室之飾與田倉之實對舉。", "introTrad": "河上公以朝甚除為高臺榭、宮室修，田甚蕪為農事廢、不耕治，倉甚虛為五穀傷害、國無儲。王弼以朝為宮室、除為絜好，朝甚除則田甚蕪、倉甚虛，設一而眾害生。成玄英以除去故宇更造新宮、彫楹刻桷窮乎綺麗，徭役既繁農夫喪業，稼穡有限而國費無貲。唐玄宗御注以尚賢矜智生巧偽、除理也，御疏兼取有為為理與朝廷修理峻宇雕牆二解；田甚蕪為浮食惰業廢農事，倉甚虛為南畝不收無儲積。李榮以彫墻峻宇、除故造新，下人妨農、良田蕪穢，年登則廪實、農廢則倉虛。陸希聲以入其國其政教可知，觀朝闕修除則知好土木、觀田野荒蕪則知好力役、觀倉廪空虛則知好末作。呂惠卿以不得其母則其子非吾有，洒掃庭内、蕪田、虛倉而非其有。蘇轍以聖人豈復飾末廢本以施設為事、夸以誨盜。憨山以民好徑則教化衰、奸愈甚、法益嚴故曰朝甚除，除謂革其弊，法嚴而民棄本好游食故田蕪倉虛。魏源引陳懿典以朝廷雖甚美而田疇倉廪荒蕪虛耗，源案以朝甚除以下極言以曉愚迷。諸家或訓除為治、或訓為理、或訓為革弊，皆以宮室之飾與田倉之實對舉。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "朝為高臺榭宮室修，田為農事廢不耕治，倉為五穀傷害國無儲。", "thesisTrad": "朝為高臺榭宮室修，田為農事廢不耕治，倉為五穀傷害國無儲。", "noteIds": [ "c029", "c030", "c031" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "朝为高台榭宫室修，田为农事废不耕治，仓为五谷伤害国无储。" }, "wangbi": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "朝宮室也、除絜好也；設一而眾害生。", "thesisTrad": "朝宮室也、除絜好也；設一而眾害生。", "noteIds": [ "c032" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "朝宫室也、除絜好也；设一而众害生。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "除去故宇更造新宮，徭役既繁農夫喪業，國費無貲倉廪斯罄。", "thesisTrad": "除去故宇更造新宮，徭役既繁農夫喪業，國費無貲倉廪斯罄。", "noteIds": [ "c033", "c034", "c035" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "除去故宇更造新宫，徭役既繁农夫丧业，国费无赀仓廪斯罄。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "除理也；尚賢矜智生巧偽，浮食廢農，南畝不收則倉虛。", "thesisTrad": "除理也；尚賢矜智生巧偽，浮食廢農，南畝不收則倉虛。", "noteIds": [ "c036", "c037", "c038", "c039", "c040", "c041" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "除理也；尚贤矜智生巧伪，浮食废农，南亩不收则仓虚。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "彫墻峻宇、除故造新，下人妨農良田蕪穢，農廢則倉虛。", "thesisTrad": "彫墻峻宇、除故造新，下人妨農良田蕪穢，農廢則倉虛。", "noteIds": [ "c042", "c043" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "雕墙峻宇、除故造新，下人妨农良田芜秽，农废则仓虚。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "觀朝闕修除則知好土木，觀田野荒蕪則知好力役，觀倉廪空虛則知好末作。", "thesisTrad": "觀朝闕修除則知好土木，觀田野荒蕪則知好力役，觀倉廪空虛則知好末作。", "noteIds": [ "c044" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "观朝阙修除则知好土木，观田野荒芜则知好力役，观仓廪空虚则知好末作。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "不得其母則其子非吾有，洒掃庭内、蕪田、虛倉而非其有。", "thesisTrad": "不得其母則其子非吾有，洒掃庭内、蕪田、虛倉而非其有。", "noteIds": [ "c045" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "不得其母则其子非吾有，洒扫庭内、芜田、虚仓而非其有。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "豈復飾末廢本以施設為事、夸以誨盜。", "thesisTrad": "豈復飾末廢本以施設為事、夸以誨盜。", "noteIds": [ "c046" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "岂复饰末废本以施设为事、夸以诲盗。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "法益嚴故曰朝甚除，除謂革其弊；民棄本好游食故田蕪倉虛。", "thesisTrad": "法益嚴故曰朝甚除，除謂革其弊；民棄本好游食故田蕪倉虛。", "noteIds": [ "c027" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "法益严故曰朝甚除，除谓革其弊；民弃本好游食故田芜仓虚。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "朝廷雖甚美而田疇倉廪荒蕪虛耗；朝甚除以下極言以曉愚迷。", "thesisTrad": "朝廷雖甚美而田疇倉廪荒蕪虛耗；朝甚除以下極言以曉愚迷。", "noteIds": [ "c047", "c075" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "朝廷虽甚美而田畴仓廪荒芜虚耗；朝甚除以下极言以晓愚迷。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c029", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公以高臺榭、農事廢、國無儲逐句立說。", "textTrad": "河上公以高臺榭、農事廢、國無儲逐句立說。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公以高台榭、农事废、国无储逐句立说。" }, { "noteId": "c032", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "王弼以朝宮室、除絜好，設一而眾害生申之。", "textTrad": "王弼以朝宮室、除絜好，設一而眾害生申之。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "王弼以朝宫室、除絜好，设一而众害生申之。" }, { "noteId": "c033", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英以除故造新、徭役妨農、國費倉罄分疏。", "textTrad": "成玄英以除故造新、徭役妨農、國費倉罄分疏。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英以除故造新、徭役妨农、国费仓罄分疏。" }, { "noteId": "c036", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "唐玄宗御注以除理也、尚賢生巧偽立說。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗御注以除理也、尚賢生巧偽立說。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "唐玄宗御注以除理也、尚贤生巧伪立说。" }, { "noteId": "c042", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮以彫墻峻宇、除故造新、妨農蕪田立說。", "textTrad": "李榮以彫墻峻宇、除故造新、妨農蕪田立說。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣以雕墙峻宇、除故造新、妨农芜田立说。" }, { "noteId": "c044", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "陸希聲以入國觀政、七事可知推論。", "textTrad": "陸希聲以入國觀政、七事可知推論。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "陆希声以入国观政、七事可知推论。" }, { "noteId": "c045", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "呂惠卿以不得其母則其子非吾有轉進。", "textTrad": "呂惠卿以不得其母則其子非吾有轉進。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "吕惠卿以不得其母则其子非吾有转进。" }, { "noteId": "c046", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "蘇轍以飾末廢本、夸以誨盜立說。", "textTrad": "蘇轍以飾末廢本、夸以誨盜立說。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "苏辙以饰末废本、夸以诲盗立说。" }, { "noteId": "c027", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "憨山以法益嚴、除謂革弊別解。", "textTrad": "憨山以法益嚴、除謂革弊別解。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "憨山以法益严、除谓革弊别解。" }, { "noteId": "c047", "relation": "本義", "relationTrad": "本義", "text": "魏源引陳懿典以内外虚實對舉。", "textTrad": "魏源引陳懿典以内外虚實對舉。", "relationSimp": "本义", "textSimp": "魏源引陈懿典以内外虚实对举。" } ], "nameSimp": "朝甚除，田甚芜，仓甚虚", "questionSimp": "「朝甚除」是宫室修治华美，还是除理政务、革除弊政？三者并列见何本末之失？", "introSimp": "河上公以朝甚除为高台榭、宫室修，田甚芜为农事废、不耕治，仓甚虚为五谷伤害、国无储。王弼以朝为宫室、除为絜好，朝甚除则田甚芜、仓甚虚，设一而众害生。成玄英以除去故宇更造新宫、雕楹刻桷穷乎绮丽，徭役既繁农夫丧业，稼穑有限而国费无赀。唐玄宗御注以尚贤矜智生巧伪、除理也，御疏兼取有为为理与朝廷修理峻宇雕墙二解；田甚芜为浮食惰业废农事，仓甚虚为南亩不收无储积。李荣以雕墙峻宇、除故造新，下人妨农、良田芜秽，年登则廪实、农废则仓虚。陆希声以入其国其政教可知，观朝阙修除则知好土木、观田野荒芜则知好力役、观仓廪空虚则知好末作。吕惠卿以不得其母则其子非吾有，洒扫庭内、芜田、虚仓而非其有。苏辙以圣人岂复饰末废本以施设为事、夸以诲盗。憨山以民好径则教化衰、奸愈甚、法益严故曰朝甚除，除谓革其弊，法严而民弃本好游食故田芜仓虚。魏源引陈懿典以朝廷虽甚美而田畴仓廪荒芜虚耗，源案以朝甚除以下极言以晓愚迷。诸家或训除为治、或训为理、或训为革弊，皆以宫室之饰与田仓之实对举。" }, { "id": "fu-wen-cai", "name": "服文綵，帶利劍，厭飲食，財貨有餘", "nameTrad": "服文綵，帶利劍，厭飲食，財貨有餘", "question": "文綵、利劍、飲食、財貨四者並舉，所刺在奢侈，還是文末武末、本末倒置？", "questionTrad": "文綵、利劍、飲食、財貨四者並舉，所刺在奢侈，還是文末武末、本末倒置？", "intro": "河上公以服文綵為好飾偽、貴外華，帶利劍為尚剛強、武且奢，厭飲食、財貨有餘為多嗜欲、無足時。成玄英以黼黻文繡以麗其身、干將鏌鎁以衛其命、醪醴膻腥以爽其口，不崇上德、不恤下人；財貨有餘為輕躁荒淫、重賦百姓積斂有餘。唐玄宗御注以刻彫綺繡害工利，帶利劍為文德不修、尚武備，御疏以文為本、武為末，專事武功是棄本崇末；厭飲食為烹肥擊鮮重滋味，財貨有餘為聚斂積實饒珍異。李榮以捐素事華、賤文貴武，修眞者内不存道德、外唯飾威儀；厭飲食、資貨有餘為味無味者飲和浴德、為無為者禮士愛賢，厭以芳鮮、積以珠玉是盜誇之行。陸希聲以觀衣服多文彩則知好淫巧、觀佩帶皆利劍則知好武勇、觀飲食常饜飫則知好醉飽、觀資貨常有餘則知好聚斂。吳澄以華佩服為飾、豐酒肉為養、私府庫為富，是猶為盜之人得物多而夸張於外，夏癸商辛是也。憨山以在上之人不知止足、虚尚浮華，上行下效，民之為盜皆由上以唱之。魏源引呂惠卿以食為本、田治倉實食足財豐而廷治，今不得其本而徒馳騖於末。諸家或就奢侈立說、或就本末立說，大旨皆以四者為棄本逐末之徵。", "introTrad": "河上公以服文綵為好飾偽、貴外華，帶利劍為尚剛強、武且奢，厭飲食、財貨有餘為多嗜欲、無足時。成玄英以黼黻文繡以麗其身、干將鏌鎁以衛其命、醪醴膻腥以爽其口，不崇上德、不恤下人；財貨有餘為輕躁荒淫、重賦百姓積斂有餘。唐玄宗御注以刻彫綺繡害工利，帶利劍為文德不修、尚武備，御疏以文為本、武為末，專事武功是棄本崇末；厭飲食為烹肥擊鮮重滋味，財貨有餘為聚斂積實饒珍異。李榮以捐素事華、賤文貴武，修眞者内不存道德、外唯飾威儀；厭飲食、資貨有餘為味無味者飲和浴德、為無為者禮士愛賢，厭以芳鮮、積以珠玉是盜誇之行。陸希聲以觀衣服多文彩則知好淫巧、觀佩帶皆利劍則知好武勇、觀飲食常饜飫則知好醉飽、觀資貨常有餘則知好聚斂。吳澄以華佩服為飾、豐酒肉為養、私府庫為富，是猶為盜之人得物多而夸張於外，夏癸商辛是也。憨山以在上之人不知止足、虚尚浮華，上行下效，民之為盜皆由上以唱之。魏源引呂惠卿以食為本、田治倉實食足財豐而廷治，今不得其本而徒馳騖於末。諸家或就奢侈立說、或就本末立說，大旨皆以四者為棄本逐末之徵。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "文綵為好飾偽貴外華，利劍為尚剛強武且奢，飲食貨財為多嗜欲無足時。", "thesisTrad": "文綵為好飾偽貴外華，利劍為尚剛強武且奢，飲食貨財為多嗜欲無足時。", "noteIds": [ "c048", "c049", "c050" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "文彩为好饰伪贵外华，利剑为尚刚强武且奢，饮食货财为多嗜欲无足时。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "黼黻文繡麗身、干將鏌鎁衛命、醪醴膻腥爽口；財貨為重賦積斂。", "thesisTrad": "黼黻文繡麗身、干將鏌鎁衛命、醪醴膻腥爽口；財貨為重賦積斂。", "noteIds": [ "c051", "c052" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "黼黻文绣丽身、干将镆鎁卫命、醪醴膻腥爽口；财货为重赋积敛。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "文為本武為末，專事武功是棄本崇末；飲食貨財為重滋味、聚斂積實。", "thesisTrad": "文為本武為末，專事武功是棄本崇末；飲食貨財為重滋味、聚斂積實。", "noteIds": [ "c053", "c054", "c055", "c056", "c057", "c058", "c059", "c060" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "文为本武为末，专事武功是弃本崇末；饮食货财为重滋味、聚敛积实。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "捐素事華、賤文貴武；厭芳鮮、積珠玉是盜誇之行。", "thesisTrad": "捐素事華、賤文貴武；厭芳鮮、積珠玉是盜誇之行。", "noteIds": [ "c061", "c062" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "捐素事华、贱文贵武；厌芳鲜、积珠玉是盗夸之行。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "觀文彩知好淫巧，觀利劍知好武勇，觀饜飫知好醉飽，觀資貨知好聚斂。", "thesisTrad": "觀文彩知好淫巧，觀利劍知好武勇，觀饜飫知好醉飽，觀資貨知好聚斂。", "noteIds": [ "c063" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "观文彩知好淫巧，观利剑知好武勇，观餍饫知好醉饱，观资货知好聚敛。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "非其有而取之，非盜誇無以為也。", "thesisTrad": "非其有而取之，非盜誇無以為也。", "noteIds": [ "c045" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "非其有而取之，非盗夸无以为也。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "豈復飾末廢本以施設為事。", "thesisTrad": "豈復飾末廢本以施設為事。", "noteIds": [ "c046" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "岂复饰末废本以施设为事。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "華佩服、豐酒肉、私府庫，是猶為盜之人得物多而夸張於外。", "thesisTrad": "華佩服、豐酒肉、私府庫，是猶為盜之人得物多而夸張於外。", "noteIds": [ "c064" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "华佩服、丰酒肉、私府库，是犹为盗之人得物多而夸张于外。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "在上之人不知止足、虚尚浮華，上行下效，民之為盜由上以唱之。", "thesisTrad": "在上之人不知止足、虚尚浮華，上行下效，民之為盜由上以唱之。", "noteIds": [ "c074" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "在上之人不知止足、虚尚浮华，上行下效，民之为盗由上以唱之。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "食為本，田治倉實食足財豐而廷治；今不得其本而徒馳騖於末。", "thesisTrad": "食為本，田治倉實食足財豐而廷治；今不得其本而徒馳騖於末。", "noteIds": [ "c047", "c065", "c075" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "食为本，田治仓实食足财丰而廷治；今不得其本而徒驰骛于末。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c048", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公以好飾偽、尚剛強、多嗜欲逐句立說。", "textTrad": "河上公以好飾偽、尚剛強、多嗜欲逐句立說。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公以好饰伪、尚刚强、多嗜欲逐句立说。" }, { "noteId": "c051", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英以黼黻、干將、醪醴分疏三事。", "textTrad": "成玄英以黼黻、干將、醪醴分疏三事。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英以黼黻、干将、醪醴分疏三事。" }, { "noteId": "c053", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "唐玄宗御注以刻彫害工、文德不修立說。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗御注以刻彫害工、文德不修立說。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "唐玄宗御注以刻雕害工、文德不修立说。" }, { "noteId": "c056", "relation": "御疏", "relationTrad": "御疏", "text": "唐玄宗御疏以文本文末、棄本崇末申之。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗御疏以文本文末、棄本崇末申之。", "relationSimp": "御疏", "textSimp": "唐玄宗御疏以文本文末、弃本崇末申之。" }, { "noteId": "c061", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮以捐素事華、賤文貴武立說。", "textTrad": "李榮以捐素事華、賤文貴武立說。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣以捐素事华、贱文贵武立说。" }, { "noteId": "c063", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "陸希聲以觀衣服、佩帶、飲食、資貨知政。", "textTrad": "陸希聲以觀衣服、佩帶、飲食、資貨知政。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "陆希声以观衣服、佩带、饮食、资货知政。" }, { "noteId": "c045", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "呂惠卿以非其有而取之、非盜誇無以立說。", "textTrad": "呂惠卿以非其有而取之、非盜誇無以立說。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "吕惠卿以非其有而取之、非盗夸无以立说。" }, { "noteId": "c064", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄以華服、豐養、私庫比於盜賊夸張。", "textTrad": "吳澄以華服、豐養、私庫比於盜賊夸張。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄以华服、丰养、私库比于盗贼夸张。" }, { "noteId": "c074", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "憨山以上行下效、民盜由上唱之轉進。", "textTrad": "憨山以上行下效、民盜由上唱之轉進。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "憨山以上行下效、民盗由上唱之转进。" }, { "noteId": "c065", "relation": "本義", "relationTrad": "本義", "text": "魏源引呂惠卿以食本財末、馳騖於末立說。", "textTrad": "魏源引呂惠卿以食本財末、馳騖於末立說。", "relationSimp": "本义", "textSimp": "魏源引吕惠卿以食本财末、驰骛于末立说。" } ], "nameSimp": "服文彩，带利剑，厌饮食，财货有余", "questionSimp": "文彩、利剑、饮食、财货四者并举，所刺在奢侈，还是文末武末、本末倒置？", "introSimp": "河上公以服文彩为好饰伪、贵外华，带利剑为尚刚强、武且奢，厌饮食、财货有余为多嗜欲、无足时。成玄英以黼黻文绣以丽其身、干将镆鎁以卫其命、醪醴膻腥以爽其口，不崇上德、不恤下人；财货有余为轻躁荒淫、重赋百姓积敛有余。唐玄宗御注以刻雕绮绣害工利，带利剑为文德不修、尚武备，御疏以文为本、武为末，专事武功是弃本崇末；厌饮食为烹肥击鲜重滋味，财货有余为聚敛积实饶珍异。李荣以捐素事华、贱文贵武，修真者内不存道德、外唯饰威仪；厌饮食、资货有余为味无味者饮和浴德、为无为者礼士爱贤，厌以芳鲜、积以珠玉是盗夸之行。陆希声以观衣服多文彩则知好淫巧、观佩带皆利剑则知好武勇、观饮食常餍饫则知好醉饱、观资货常有余则知好聚敛。吴澄以华佩服为饰、丰酒肉为养、私府库为富，是犹为盗之人得物多而夸张于外，夏癸商辛是也。憨山以在上之人不知止足、虚尚浮华，上行下效，民之为盗皆由上以唱之。魏源引吕惠卿以食为本、田治仓实食足财丰而廷治，今不得其本而徒驰骛于末。诸家或就奢侈立说、或就本末立说，大旨皆以四者为弃本逐末之征。" }, { "id": "shi-wei-dao-kua", "name": "是謂盜夸，非道也哉", "nameTrad": "是謂盜夸，非道也哉", "question": "「盜夸」是竊位、盜用民力，還是《韓非子》「盜竽」的先唱之義？末句何以重歎？", "questionTrad": "「盜夸」是竊位、盜用民力，還是《韓非子》「盜竽」的先唱之義？末句何以重歎？", "intro": "河上公以百姓不足而君有餘者是由劫盜以為服飾、持行誇人，不知身死家破、親戚并隨。王弼以凡物不以其道得之則皆邪、邪則盜，夸而不以其道得之則竊位，故舉非道以明非道則皆盜夸。成玄英以多賦多斂如盜如賊、既蓄既積且矜且誇，乖理悖德謂之非道，又以行道人心解朝除、田蕪、倉虛諸事。唐玄宗御注以矜其有知、行同盜竊仍自矜誇，誇盜非道適令興歎；御疏以非理而取為盜、矜其所有為誇，頭會斂取、縱欲費奉，謂之為盜不亦宜乎。嚴遵以道德不為智巧故能陶冶天下、造化陰陽，反道而為智巧、動暴於外而與天戾，既非大道可為痛哉。李榮以取不足、積有餘為盜，愛文綵、事奢侈為誇，唯盜與誇俱非道行。陸希聲以皆盜用民力以為夸毗故謂之盜夸，盜夸者非有道之治，盜用云者陰取之而民不知。呂惠卿以非盜誇無以為也、豈道也哉。蘇轍以聖人豈復飾末廢本、夸以誨盜。吳澄以是猶為盜之人得物多而夸張於外，夏癸商辛是也。憨山以是為盜竽，竽為樂之首而為先唱者，上行下效、民之為盜皆由上以唱之。魏源源案以好大道者其見大、好小徑者其見小，諸家或以知行連讀、或訓施曰施為，而韓非子又作盜竽，胥非本旨。王夫之以莽操奉堯舜為竽、黃巾赤眉奉湯武為竽，與陰陽之沴奉凝滯之沖氣以為竽而盜其生等。諸家或主竊位、或主盜用民力、或主先唱，末句皆以痛傷感歎收之。", "introTrad": "河上公以百姓不足而君有餘者是由劫盜以為服飾、持行誇人，不知身死家破、親戚并隨。王弼以凡物不以其道得之則皆邪、邪則盜，夸而不以其道得之則竊位，故舉非道以明非道則皆盜夸。成玄英以多賦多斂如盜如賊、既蓄既積且矜且誇，乖理悖德謂之非道，又以行道人心解朝除、田蕪、倉虛諸事。唐玄宗御注以矜其有知、行同盜竊仍自矜誇，誇盜非道適令興歎；御疏以非理而取為盜、矜其所有為誇，頭會斂取、縱欲費奉，謂之為盜不亦宜乎。嚴遵以道德不為智巧故能陶冶天下、造化陰陽，反道而為智巧、動暴於外而與天戾，既非大道可為痛哉。李榮以取不足、積有餘為盜，愛文綵、事奢侈為誇，唯盜與誇俱非道行。陸希聲以皆盜用民力以為夸毗故謂之盜夸，盜夸者非有道之治，盜用云者陰取之而民不知。呂惠卿以非盜誇無以為也、豈道也哉。蘇轍以聖人豈復飾末廢本、夸以誨盜。吳澄以是猶為盜之人得物多而夸張於外，夏癸商辛是也。憨山以是為盜竽，竽為樂之首而為先唱者，上行下效、民之為盜皆由上以唱之。魏源源案以好大道者其見大、好小徑者其見小，諸家或以知行連讀、或訓施曰施為，而韓非子又作盜竽，胥非本旨。王夫之以莽操奉堯舜為竽、黃巾赤眉奉湯武為竽，與陰陽之沴奉凝滯之沖氣以為竽而盜其生等。諸家或主竊位、或主盜用民力、或主先唱，末句皆以痛傷感歎收之。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "百姓不足而君有餘是由劫盜以為服飾、持行誇人；非道哉為痛傷之辭。", "thesisTrad": "百姓不足而君有餘是由劫盜以為服飾、持行誇人；非道哉為痛傷之辭。", "noteIds": [ "c066", "c077" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "百姓不足而君有余是由劫盗以为服饰、持行夸人；非道哉为痛伤之辞。" }, "wangbi": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "邪則盜，夸而不以其道得之則竊位，故皆盜夸。", "thesisTrad": "邪則盜，夸而不以其道得之則竊位，故皆盜夸。", "noteIds": [ "c067" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "邪则盗，夸而不以其道得之则窃位，故皆盗夸。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "多賦多斂如盜如賊、且矜且誇，乖理悖德謂之非道。", "thesisTrad": "多賦多斂如盜如賊、且矜且誇，乖理悖德謂之非道。", "noteIds": [ "c068" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "多赋多敛如盗如贼、且矜且夸，乖理悖德谓之非道。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "非理而取為盜、矜其所有為誇，誇盜非道適令興歎。", "thesisTrad": "非理而取為盜、矜其所有為誇，誇盜非道適令興歎。", "noteIds": [ "c069", "c070" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "非理而取为盗、矜其所有为夸，夸盗非道适令兴叹。" }, "yanzun": { "workType": "指歸", "workTypeTrad": "指歸", "thesis": "反道而為智巧、動暴於外而與天戾，既非大道可為痛哉。", "thesisTrad": "反道而為智巧、動暴於外而與天戾，既非大道可為痛哉。", "noteIds": [ "c071" ], "workTypeSimp": "指归", "thesisSimp": "反道而为智巧、动暴于外而与天戾，既非大道可为痛哉。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "取不足積有餘為盜，愛文綵事奢侈為誇，俱非道行。", "thesisTrad": "取不足積有餘為盜，愛文綵事奢侈為誇，俱非道行。", "noteIds": [ "c072" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "取不足积有余为盗，爱文彩事奢侈为夸，俱非道行。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "皆盜用民力以為夸毗，故謂之盜夸；盜用者陰取之而民不知。", "thesisTrad": "皆盜用民力以為夸毗，故謂之盜夸；盜用者陰取之而民不知。", "noteIds": [ "c073" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "皆盗用民力以为夸毗，故谓之盗夸；盗用者阴取之而民不知。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "非其有而取之，非盜誇無以為也，豈道也哉。", "thesisTrad": "非其有而取之，非盜誇無以為也，豈道也哉。", "noteIds": [ "c045" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "非其有而取之，非盗夸无以为也，岂道也哉。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "豈復飾末廢本以施設為事、夸以誨盜哉。", "thesisTrad": "豈復飾末廢本以施設為事、夸以誨盜哉。", "noteIds": [ "c046" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "岂复饰末废本以施设为事、夸以诲盗哉。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "是猶為盜之人得物多而夸張於外，夏癸商辛是也。", "thesisTrad": "是猶為盜之人得物多而夸張於外，夏癸商辛是也。", "noteIds": [ "c064" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "是犹为盗之人得物多而夸张于外，夏癸商辛是也。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "是為盜竽，竽為樂之首而為先唱者；民之為盜皆由上以唱之。", "thesisTrad": "是為盜竽，竽為樂之首而為先唱者；民之為盜皆由上以唱之。", "noteIds": [ "c074" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "是为盗竽，竽为乐之首而为先唱者；民之为盗皆由上以唱之。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "好大道者其見大、好小徑者其見小；韓非子作盜竽，胥非本旨。", "thesisTrad": "好大道者其見大、好小徑者其見小；韓非子作盜竽，胥非本旨。", "noteIds": [ "c075" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "好大道者其见大、好小径者其见小；韩非子作盗竽，胥非本旨。" }, "wangfuzhi": { "workType": "衍", "workTypeTrad": "衍", "thesis": "莽操奉堯舜為竽、黃巾赤眉奉湯武為竽，道不可以介然行。", "thesisTrad": "莽操奉堯舜為竽、黃巾赤眉奉湯武為竽，道不可以介然行。", "noteIds": [ "c076" ], "workTypeSimp": "衍", "thesisSimp": "莽操奉尧舜为竽、黄巾赤眉奉汤武为竽，道不可以介然行。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c066", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公以劫盜服飾、持行誇人立說。", "textTrad": "河上公以劫盜服飾、持行誇人立說。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公以劫盗服饰、持行夸人立说。" }, { "noteId": "c067", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "王弼以邪則盜、夸則竊位分釋盜夸。", "textTrad": "王弼以邪則盜、夸則竊位分釋盜夸。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "王弼以邪则盗、夸则窃位分释盗夸。" }, { "noteId": "c068", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英以多賦多斂、且矜且誇為非道。", "textTrad": "成玄英以多賦多斂、且矜且誇為非道。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英以多赋多敛、且矜且夸为非道。" }, { "noteId": "c069", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "唐玄宗御注以行同盜竊、仍自矜誇立說。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗御注以行同盜竊、仍自矜誇立說。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "唐玄宗御注以行同盗窃、仍自矜夸立说。" }, { "noteId": "c071", "relation": "指歸", "relationTrad": "指歸", "text": "嚴遵以反道為智巧、與天戾為痛。", "textTrad": "嚴遵以反道為智巧、與天戾為痛。", "relationSimp": "指归", "textSimp": "严遵以反道为智巧、与天戾为痛。" }, { "noteId": "c072", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮以盜取、夸奢二者俱非道行。", "textTrad": "李榮以盜取、夸奢二者俱非道行。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣以盗取、夸奢二者俱非道行。" }, { "noteId": "c073", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "陸希聲以盜用民力、陰取而民不知立說。", "textTrad": "陸希聲以盜用民力、陰取而民不知立說。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "陆希声以盗用民力、阴取而民不知立说。" }, { "noteId": "c064", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄以夏癸商辛比盜賊夸張。", "textTrad": "吳澄以夏癸商辛比盜賊夸張。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄以夏癸商辛比盗贼夸张。" }, { "noteId": "c074", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "憨山以盜竽先唱、上行下效別解。", "textTrad": "憨山以盜竽先唱、上行下效別解。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "憨山以盗竽先唱、上行下效别解。" }, { "noteId": "c075", "relation": "按語", "relationTrad": "按語", "text": "魏源源案以見大見小總束全章、駁諸家訓釋。", "textTrad": "魏源源案以見大見小總束全章、駁諸家訓釋。", "relationSimp": "按语", "textSimp": "魏源源案以见大见小总束全章、驳诸家训释。" }, { "noteId": "c076", "relation": "衍", "relationTrad": "衍", "text": "王夫之以莽操黃巾之奉為竽，轉出盜生之義。", "textTrad": "王夫之以莽操黃巾之奉為竽，轉出盜生之義。", "relationSimp": "衍", "textSimp": "王夫之以莽操黄巾之奉为竽，转出盗生之义。" } ], "nameSimp": "是谓盗夸，非道也哉", "questionSimp": "「盗夸」是窃位、盗用民力，还是《韩非子》「盗竽」的先唱之义？末句何以重叹？", "introSimp": "河上公以百姓不足而君有余者是由劫盗以为服饰、持行夸人，不知身死家破、亲戚并随。王弼以凡物不以其道得之则皆邪、邪则盗，夸而不以其道得之则窃位，故举非道以明非道则皆盗夸。成玄英以多赋多敛如盗如贼、既蓄既积且矜且夸，乖理悖德谓之非道，又以行道人心解朝除、田芜、仓虚诸事。唐玄宗御注以矜其有知、行同盗窃仍自矜夸，夸盗非道适令兴叹；御疏以非理而取为盗、矜其所有为夸，头会敛取、纵欲费奉，谓之为盗不亦宜乎。严遵以道德不为智巧故能陶冶天下、造化阴阳，反道而为智巧、动暴于外而与天戾，既非大道可为痛哉。李荣以取不足、积有余为盗，爱文彩、事奢侈为夸，唯盗与夸俱非道行。陆希声以皆盗用民力以为夸毗故谓之盗夸，盗夸者非有道之治，盗用云者阴取之而民不知。吕惠卿以非盗夸无以为也、岂道也哉。苏辙以圣人岂复饰末废本、夸以诲盗。吴澄以是犹为盗之人得物多而夸张于外，夏癸商辛是也。憨山以是为盗竽，竽为乐之首而为先唱者，上行下效、民之为盗皆由上以唱之。魏源源案以好大道者其见大、好小径者其见小，诸家或以知行连读、或训施曰施为，而韩非子又作盗竽，胥非本旨。王夫之以莽操奉尧舜为竽、黄巾赤眉奉汤武为竽，与阴阳之沴奉凝滞之冲气以为竽而盗其生等。诸家或主窃位、或主盗用民力、或主先唱，末句皆以痛伤感叹收之。" } ], "requiredSources": [ "heshanggong", "tangxuanzong" ] }, "schema": "librebook.chapter/1", "generatedAt": "2026-10-30T11:41:46.917Z", "keyPrefix": "laozi-53", "idRules": { "chapter": "章节目录名（slug），如 01；URL 为 /laozi/01/。", "sentence": "章内局部编号 sNNN，全篇引用使用 laozi-01:sNNN；页面锚点继续使用 #sNNN。", "commentary": "章内注号 cNNN，字词注 nNNN，校记 kNNN；编号在章内稳定，跨章引用时加章节前缀。", "paragraph": "章内段落号 pNNN，与 sentence.paragraph 对应。" }, "book": { "id": "laozi", "slug": "laozi", "title": "老子", "titleSimp": "老子", "author": "老聃", "authorSimp": "老聃", "era": "春秋", "eraSimp": "春秋", "editor": "河上公、王弼等", "editorSimp": "河上公、王弼等", "edition": "王弼《老子注》", "editionSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "baseLabel": "王弼《老子注》", "baseLabelSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "separationLabel": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英義疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、嚴遵指歸、李榮注、陸希聲傳、呂惠卿傳、蘇轍老子解、吳澄道德真經注、憨山道德經解、魏源老子本義、俞樾平議、王夫之老子衍十四家", "separationLabelSimp": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英义疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、严遵指归、李荣注、陆希声传、吕惠卿传、苏辙老子解、吴澄道德真经注、憨山道德经解、魏源老子本义、俞樾平议、王夫之老子衍十四家", "intro": "《老子》八十一章，分道經、德經。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》為底本，逐章整理正文、舊注、今譯與校記；第一至八十一章已上線，全帙完竣。", "introSimp": "《老子》八十一章，分道经、德经。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》为底本，逐章整理正文、旧注、今译与校记；第一至八十一章已上线，全帙完竣。" }, "volume": { "id": "dejing", "order": 2, "title": "德經", "titleSimp": "德经" }, "chapter": { "id": "laozi-53", "slug": "53", "order": 53, "title": "第五十三章", "titleSimp": "第五十三章", "status": "published", "revision": "初校", "review": "待复核", "updated": "2026-10-30", "summary": "全章六句：首句設言使我介然有知、行於大道，唯施為是畏；第二句言大道甚夷而民好徑；第三句列朝甚除、田甚蕪、倉甚虛；第四句列服文綵、帶利劍、厭飲食、財貨有餘；第五句結為盜夸；末句歎其非道。河上公以介大也，老子疾時王不行大道故設此言；唯獨畏有所施為，欲賞善恐偽善生，欲信忠恐詐忠起；大道甚平易而民好從邪徑；朝甚除為高臺榭、宮室修，田甚蕪為農事廢、不耕治，倉甚虛為五穀傷害、國無儲；服文綵為好飾偽、貴外華，帶利劍為尚剛強、武且奢，厭飲食、財貨有餘為多嗜欲、無足時；百姓不足而君有餘是由劫盜以為服飾、持行誇人；非道哉為痛傷之辭。王弼以若使我可介然有知、行大道於天下，唯施為之是畏；大道蕩然正平而民猶舍之不由、好從邪徑，況復施為以塞大道之中；朝為宮室、除為絜好，朝甚除則田甚蕪、倉甚虛，設一而眾害生；凡物不以其道得之則皆邪，邪則盜，夸而不以其道得之則竊位，故舉非道以明非道則皆盜夸。成玄英以使我為假設之辭、知為分别、介然為微小；至道虚通妙絶分别，起心分别即乖於本心，諸所施為動之死地故可畏；夷為平正、徑為邪道，顛倒之類背正好邪遂使大道陵遲、小成孔熾；朝甚除為除去故宇更造新宮、彫楹刻桷窮乎綺麗，田甚蕪為徭役既繁農夫喪業，倉甚虛為稼穡有限而國費無貲；服文綵、帶利劍、厭飲食為黼黻文繡以麗其身、干將鏌鎁以衛其命、醪醴膻腥以爽其口；財貨有餘為輕躁荒淫、重賦百姓積斂有餘；多賦多斂如盜如賊、既蓄既積且矜且誇，乖理悖德謂之非道。唐玄宗御注以若使我耿介然矜其有知、欲行大道，既與道不合故唯所施為是皆可畏；御疏以道非知法而人欲以有知行道，有知則與道相乖、失無為清淨之化；大道平易而是畏有知，人多故欲心求捷如彼行人好從邪徑；朝甚除為尚賢矜智生巧偽、除理也，又解朝廷修理峻宇雕牆；田甚蕪為浮食惰業廢農事，倉甚虛為南畝不收無儲積；服文綵為刻彫綺繡害工利，帶利劍為文德不修尚武備，厭飲食為烹肥擊鮮重滋味，財貨有餘為聚斂積實饒珍異；非理而取為盜、矜其所有為誇，誇盜非道適令興歎。嚴遵《玄德纂疏》卷十四存輯文一條，以道德不為智巧故能陶冶天下、造化陰陽，天地不為智巧故能含吐變化，萬物不能逃平易而無穢、要約而易行、無為而巧成、無事而福生；反道而為智巧、動暴於外而與天戾，既非大道可為痛哉。李榮以老君傷時王不從夷路、唯履嶮途，服文綵而帶利劍、厭飲食而積貨財，農田荒穢、倉廪空虛，此乃誇道之人；若使我微知政事必行無為之大道、不涉有為之小徑；正道平而易、邪徑險而難，理國者多履其難、修身者少從其易；朝甚除、田甚蕪為彫墻峻宇、除故造新，下人妨農、良田蕪穢；倉甚虛為年登則廪實、農廢則倉虛；服文綵、帶利劍為捐素以事華、賤文而貴武；厭飲食、資貨有餘為味無味者飲和浴德、為無為者禮士愛賢；取不足、積有餘為盜，愛文綵、事奢侈為誇，唯盜與誇俱非道行。陸希聲以老氏言若吾囂然略無知道之心、始欲希於當世，則唯所行之為務；使我介然微有知常之明、方將行於大道，則唯所施而是畏；大道猶亨衢，平易無往不達，世人欲速由於捷徑，是以崎嶇迷惑不達所趨；入其國其政教可知，觀朝闕甚修除則知好土木，觀田野甚荒蕪則知好力役，觀倉廪甚空虛則知好末作，觀衣服多文彩則知好淫巧，觀佩帶皆利劍則知好武勇，觀飲食常饜飫則知好醉飽，觀資貨常有餘則知好聚斂；皆盜用民力以為夸毗故謂之盜夸，盜夸者非有道之治。呂惠卿以君子之於道不可以不刳心，使我不能刳心而有介然之知行於大道則唯施是畏；大道之為體不知而知則夷之甚，而民乃欲以有知求之是好徑而不知所由；不得其母則其子非吾有，非吾有而取之猶之洒掃其庭内、蕪其田、虛其倉而服文采、帶利劍、厭飲食、資財有餘，非盜誇無以為也。蘇轍以體道者無知無行、無所施設而物自化，今介然有知而行於大道則無所施設建立、非其自然有足畏；大道夷易無有險阻，世之不知者以為迂緩而好徑以求捷，故凡舍其自然而有所施設者皆欲速；俗人昭昭我獨若昏、俗人察察我獨悶悶，豈復飾末廢本以施設為事、夸以誨盜。吳澄以我者汎言衆人非老子自謂，介然與孟子介然用之而成路同、倏然之頃，知字句絶，施猶論語無施勞、孟子施施之施、矜夸張大；卑卑斂退者大道、堂堂夸張者小徑；朝甚除治則宮室奢靡可知，田蕪倉虛謂奪民時而不得耕耨、竭民力而無所蓄積；華佩服以為飾、豐酒肉以為養、私府庫以為富，是猶為盜之人得物多而以夸張於外，夏癸商辛是也。憨山以此言世衰道微、人心不古而極歎道之難行，介然猶些小、乃微少之意，蓋謙辭；天下人心奸險可畏而將施之於誰，有施而無受者非徒無益而又害之；大道甚坦夷直捷而民心邪僻、皆好徑，民好徑則教化衰、教化衰則奸愈甚、奸愈甚則法益嚴，故曰朝甚除；朝廷之法日甚嚴而民因法作姦、更棄本不顧、好為游食，故田日甚蕪、倉日甚虛；在上之人不知止足而虚尚浮華，服文采、帶利劍、厭飲食而積貨財，上行下效，民之為盜皆由上以唱之，故曰是為盜竽，竽為樂之首而為先唱者。魏源以此章為其第四十六章，引姚鼐以「使我介然有知」十四字當屬上章之末，引吳澄介然為倏然之頃、施為矜夸自大，引陳懿典外雖炫飾而内實空虛，引呂惠卿舍道由徑則亡本徇末，引李嘉靖行於大道則蕩然廣大、爭於小徑則矜智欺人；源案以道以不盈為大，不盈者專務於内、有若無、實若虚，今施且夸則事務於外、無而為有、虚而為盈；好大道者其見大、好小徑者其見小，為士則徇名荒德、為庶人則侈末耗本、為國家則飾外虚内；朝甚除以下蓋極言以曉愚迷，諸家或以知行連讀、或訓施曰施為，而韓非子又作盜竽，胥非本旨。王夫之以天下不勝知也，知而施之則物之情狀死於己之耳目，有知者有使我知者，知介然之靡常則己無留好；俄頃之光而終身之據，莽操之奉堯舜為竽、黃巾赤眉之奉湯武為竽，與陰陽之沴奉凝滯之沖氣以為竽而盜其生等，道之不可以介然行也如斯。", "summarySimp": "全章六句：首句设言使我介然有知、行于大道，唯施为是畏；第二句言大道甚夷而民好径；第三句列朝甚除、田甚芜、仓甚虚；第四句列服文彩、带利剑、厌饮食、财货有余；第五句结为盗夸；末句叹其非道。河上公以介大也，老子疾时王不行大道故设此言；唯独畏有所施为，欲赏善恐伪善生，欲信忠恐诈忠起；大道甚平易而民好从邪径；朝甚除为高台榭、宫室修，田甚芜为农事废、不耕治，仓甚虚为五谷伤害、国无储；服文彩为好饰伪、贵外华，带利剑为尚刚强、武且奢，厌饮食、财货有余为多嗜欲、无足时；百姓不足而君有余是由劫盗以为服饰、持行夸人；非道哉为痛伤之辞。王弼以若使我可介然有知、行大道于天下，唯施为之是畏；大道荡然正平而民犹舍之不由、好从邪径，况复施为以塞大道之中；朝为宫室、除为絜好，朝甚除则田甚芜、仓甚虚，设一而众害生；凡物不以其道得之则皆邪，邪则盗，夸而不以其道得之则窃位，故举非道以明非道则皆盗夸。成玄英以使我为假设之辞、知为分别、介然为微小；至道虚通妙绝分别，起心分别即乖于本心，诸所施为动之死地故可畏；夷为平正、径为邪道，颠倒之类背正好邪遂使大道陵迟、小成孔炽；朝甚除为除去故宇更造新宫、雕楹刻桷穷乎绮丽，田甚芜为徭役既繁农夫丧业，仓甚虚为稼穑有限而国费无赀；服文彩、带利剑、厌饮食为黼黻文绣以丽其身、干将镆鎁以卫其命、醪醴膻腥以爽其口；财货有余为轻躁荒淫、重赋百姓积敛有余；多赋多敛如盗如贼、既蓄既积且矜且夸，乖理悖德谓之非道。唐玄宗御注以若使我耿介然矜其有知、欲行大道，既与道不合故唯所施为是皆可畏；御疏以道非知法而人欲以有知行道，有知则与道相乖、失无为清净之化；大道平易而是畏有知，人多故欲心求捷如彼行人好从邪径；朝甚除为尚贤矜智生巧伪、除理也，又解朝廷修理峻宇雕墙；田甚芜为浮食惰业废农事，仓甚虚为南亩不收无储积；服文彩为刻雕绮绣害工利，带利剑为文德不修尚武备，厌饮食为烹肥击鲜重滋味，财货有余为聚敛积实饶珍异；非理而取为盗、矜其所有为夸，夸盗非道适令兴叹。严遵《玄德纂疏》卷十四存辑文一条，以道德不为智巧故能陶冶天下、造化阴阳，天地不为智巧故能含吐变化，万物不能逃平易而无秽、要约而易行、无为而巧成、无事而福生；反道而为智巧、动暴于外而与天戾，既非大道可为痛哉。李荣以老君伤时王不从夷路、唯履崄途，服文彩而带利剑、厌饮食而积货财，农田荒秽、仓廪空虚，此乃夸道之人；若使我微知政事必行无为之大道、不涉有为之小径；正道平而易、邪径险而难，理国者多履其难、修身者少从其易；朝甚除、田甚芜为雕墙峻宇、除故造新，下人妨农、良田芜秽；仓甚虚为年登则廪实、农废则仓虚；服文彩、带利剑为捐素以事华、贱文而贵武；厌饮食、资货有余为味无味者饮和浴德、为无为者礼士爱贤；取不足、积有余为盗，爱文彩、事奢侈为夸，唯盗与夸俱非道行。陆希声以老氏言若吾嚣然略无知道之心、始欲希于当世，则唯所行之为务；使我介然微有知常之明、方将行于大道，则唯所施而是畏；大道犹亨衢，平易无往不达，世人欲速由于捷径，是以崎岖迷惑不达所趋；入其国其政教可知，观朝阙甚修除则知好土木，观田野甚荒芜则知好力役，观仓廪甚空虚则知好末作，观衣服多文彩则知好淫巧，观佩带皆利剑则知好武勇，观饮食常餍饫则知好醉饱，观资货常有余则知好聚敛；皆盗用民力以为夸毗故谓之盗夸，盗夸者非有道之治。吕惠卿以君子之于道不可以不刳心，使我不能刳心而有介然之知行于大道则唯施是畏；大道之为体不知而知则夷之甚，而民乃欲以有知求之是好径而不知所由；不得其母则其子非吾有，非吾有而取之犹之洒扫其庭内、芜其田、虚其仓而服文采、带利剑、厌饮食、资财有余，非盗夸无以为也。苏辙以体道者无知无行、无所施设而物自化，今介然有知而行于大道则无所施设建立、非其自然有足畏；大道夷易无有险阻，世之不知者以为迂缓而好径以求捷，故凡舍其自然而有所施设者皆欲速；俗人昭昭我独若昏、俗人察察我独闷闷，岂复饰末废本以施设为事、夸以诲盗。吴澄以我者泛言众人非老子自谓，介然与孟子介然用之而成路同、倏然之顷，知字句绝，施犹论语无施劳、孟子施施之施、矜夸张大；卑卑敛退者大道、堂堂夸张者小径；朝甚除治则宫室奢靡可知，田芜仓虚谓夺民时而不得耕耨、竭民力而无所蓄积；华佩服以为饰、丰酒肉以为养、私府库以为富，是犹为盗之人得物多而以夸张于外，夏癸商辛是也。憨山以此言世衰道微、人心不古而极叹道之难行，介然犹些小、乃微少之意，盖谦辞；天下人心奸险可畏而将施之于谁，有施而无受者非徒无益而又害之；大道甚坦夷直捷而民心邪僻、皆好径，民好径则教化衰、教化衰则奸愈甚、奸愈甚则法益严，故曰朝甚除；朝廷之法日甚严而民因法作奸、更弃本不顾、好为游食，故田日甚芜、仓日甚虚；在上之人不知止足而虚尚浮华，服文采、带利剑、厌饮食而积货财，上行下效，民之为盗皆由上以唱之，故曰是为盗竽，竽为乐之首而为先唱者。魏源以此章为其第四十六章，引姚鼐以「使我介然有知」十四字当属上章之末，引吴澄介然为倏然之顷、施为矜夸自大，引陈懿典外虽炫饰而内实空虚，引吕惠卿舍道由径则亡本徇末，引李嘉靖行于大道则荡然广大、争于小径则矜智欺人；源案以道以不盈为大，不盈者专务于内、有若无、实若虚，今施且夸则事务于外、无而为有、虚而为盈；好大道者其见大、好小径者其见小，为士则徇名荒德、为庶人则侈末耗本、为国家则饰外虚内；朝甚除以下盖极言以晓愚迷，诸家或以知行连读、或训施曰施为，而韩非子又作盗竽，胥非本旨。王夫之以天下不胜知也，知而施之则物之情状死于己之耳目，有知者有使我知者，知介然之靡常则己无留好；俄顷之光而终身之据，莽操之奉尧舜为竽、黄巾赤眉之奉汤武为竽，与阴阳之沴奉凝滞之冲气以为竽而盗其生等，道之不可以介然行也如斯。", 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