{ "meta": { "book": { "id": "laozi", "title": "老子", "titleSimp": "老子", "author": "老聃", "authorSimp": "老聃", "era": "春秋", "eraSimp": "春秋", "editor": "河上公、王弼等", "editorSimp": "河上公、王弼等", "edition": "王弼《老子注》", "editionSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "slug": "laozi", "baseLabel": "王弼《老子注》", "baseLabelSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "separationLabel": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英義疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、嚴遵指歸、李榮注、陸希聲傳、呂惠卿傳、蘇轍老子解、吳澄道德真經注、憨山道德經解、魏源老子本義、俞樾平議、王夫之老子衍十四家", "separationLabelSimp": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英义疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、严遵指归、李荣注、陆希声传、吕惠卿传、苏辙老子解、吴澄道德真经注、憨山道德经解、魏源老子本义、俞樾平议、王夫之老子衍十四家", "intro": "《老子》八十一章，分道經、德經。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》為底本，逐章整理正文、舊注、今譯與校記；第一至八十一章已上線，全帙完竣。", "introSimp": "《老子》八十一章，分道经、德经。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》为底本，逐章整理正文、旧注、今译与校记；第一至八十一章已上线，全帙完竣。" }, "chapter": { "id": "laozi-57", "no": 57, "part": "德經", "partSimp": "德经", "title": "第五十七章", "titleSimp": "第五十七章", "intro": "《老子》第五十七章，河上公題「淳風第五十七」；《玄德纂疏》題「以政治國章第五十七」，蘇轍、呂惠卿題「以正治國章第五十七」，王弼本無章題；吳澄以此章合王弼第五十八章為其第四十九章，魏源以此章與下章合為其第五十章，王夫之標「五十七章」。王弼道藏本正文十句：以正治國，以奇用兵，以無事取天下；吾何以知其然哉？以此；天下多忌諱，而民彌貧；民多利器，國家滋昏；人多伎巧，奇物滋起；法令滋彰，盜賊多有；故聖人云：我無為而民自化，我好靜而民自正，我無事而民自富，我無欲而民自樸。全章先標治國、用兵、取天下三事，繼以問答指出有事之弊，終引聖人之言明無為之效。河上公以「以」為「至」，正身之人使至有國，詐僞之人使用兵，無事無為之人使取天下；忌諱為防禁，令煩姦生、禁多下詐；利器為權，民多權則上下不親；伎巧為刻畫宮觀、彫琢章服；法物為珍好之物；末以修道承天、不言不教、無徭役、無華飾分釋四句。王弼以道治國則國平，以正治國則奇正起，以無事則能取天下；以正治國、立辟攻末，本不立而末淺，故必至奇兵；利器為利己之器，民强則國弱；民多智慧則巧偽生、邪事起；法令滋彰乃舍本治末所致；末以四句為崇本息末。成玄英分章義為四：權實二智用捨不同、攝化蒼生莫先無事、假設疑問廣辯有為、爰引聖人顯無為之美；以政為名教法律，奇為譎詐，無事為凝神垂拱；忌諱為禁制，利器為干戈，伎巧為機心，法物猶法令；末以四句為四種無為之藥。唐玄宗御注以政教、奇詐、無事分釋，御疏逐標申說，謂政煩網密則民彌貧、權謀多則國滋昏、浮華則奇物滋起、法令彰則盜賊多有；末以清淨、不擾、好靜、無欲分釋四句，總歸無事取天下。嚴遵《指歸》存輯文一則，以無心大同、無求之得為說，謂挾黃帝、太公之慮，秉孫吳之要，不若使天下不事智力。李榮以平均正直為政、兵不厭詐為奇、垂旒塞耳為無事；忌諱多端則人勞而貧，機權兵器多則恐亂，奇巧異物生則上下相玩，法物珍好則盜賊斯起；末以化、富、正、樸為四種無為之藥。陸希聲以正名、奇謀僅足救患，唯無事可以取天下之心；有事則禁忌、利器、智慧、法令愈益其弊；引《三墳》之文證聖人之言；末以遂生、復業、保真、絕夸分釋四句。呂惠卿以國容軍容不同，正者常久、奇者應變，有事不足以取天下；忌諱則失業、利器則下難知、法令滋彰則盜賊多有；末以四句為取天下常以無事之證。蘇轍以柔遠能邇、無意用兵，天下神器不可為，唯體道者廓然無事而天下歸之；忌諱則下情不上達，利器權謀則上眩而昏，趨末伎則非常無益之物作，法令多則民無所措手足。吳澄以正為法制禁令、奇為權謀詭詐，管商、孫吳各得一偏，唯三皇無為之治可以取天下；忌諱、利器、技巧、法令八句所言二事，其效至於民貧政昏；末以無為、好靜、無欲皆無事，民自化、正、富、樸。憨山以清淨無欲為正，奇巧詐術只可用兵；以文王之囿與殺麋鹿之罪對比忌諱，以賢者在野釋利器，以人心雕琢、貪愈甚釋技巧奇物法令；末以四句為古聖人之言。魏源此章與下章合為其第五十章，無自己疏解，僅存校記，並引王弼、吳澄、呂惠卿說。王夫之以正必至奇、治國必至用兵，無事者正所正而我不治，故無名無器、無利無巧而法無所試，欲弭兵者先去治。本站以王弼《老子注》道藏本為底本，分列河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英義疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、嚴遵《指歸》輯文、李榮注、陸希聲傳、呂惠卿傳、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》與王夫之《老子衍》，並附編者今譯。俞樾《諸子平議》此章未列。", "introSimp": "《老子》第五十七章，河上公题「淳风第五十七」；《玄德纂疏》题「以政治国章第五十七」，苏辙、吕惠卿题「以正治国章第五十七」，王弼本无章题；吴澄以此章合王弼第五十八章为其第四十九章，魏源以此章与下章合为其第五十章，王夫之标「五十七章」。王弼道藏本正文十句：以正治国，以奇用兵，以无事取天下；吾何以知其然哉？以此；天下多忌讳，而民弥贫；民多利器，国家滋昏；人多伎巧，奇物滋起；法令滋彰，盗贼多有；故圣人云：我无为而民自化，我好静而民自正，我无事而民自富，我无欲而民自朴。全章先标治国、用兵、取天下三事，继以问答指出有事之弊，终引圣人之言明无为之效。河上公以「以」为「至」，正身之人使至有国，诈伪之人使用兵，无事无为之人使取天下；忌讳为防禁，令烦奸生、禁多下诈；利器为权，民多权则上下不亲；伎巧为刻画宫观、雕琢章服；法物为珍好之物；末以修道承天、不言不教、无徭役、无华饰分释四句。王弼以道治国则国平，以正治国则奇正起，以无事则能取天下；以正治国、立辟攻末，本不立而末浅，故必至奇兵；利器为利己之器，民强则国弱；民多智慧则巧伪生、邪事起；法令滋彰乃舍本治末所致；末以四句为崇本息末。成玄英分章义为四：权实二智用舍不同、摄化苍生莫先无事、假设疑问广辩有为、爰引圣人显无为之美；以政为名教法律，奇为谲诈，无事为凝神垂拱；忌讳为禁制，利器为干戈，伎巧为机心，法物犹法令；末以四句为四种无为之药。唐玄宗御注以政教、奇诈、无事分释，御疏逐标申说，谓政烦网密则民弥贫、权谋多则国滋昏、浮华则奇物滋起、法令彰则盗贼多有；末以清净、不扰、好静、无欲分释四句，总归无事取天下。严遵《指归》存辑文一则，以无心大同、无求之得为说，谓挟黄帝、太公之虑，秉孙吴之要，不若使天下不事智力。李荣以平均正直为政、兵不厌诈为奇、垂旒塞耳为无事；忌讳多端则人劳而贫，机权兵器多则恐乱，奇巧异物生则上下相玩，法物珍好则盗贼斯起；末以化、富、正、朴为四种无为之药。陆希声以正名、奇谋仅足救患，唯无事可以取天下之心；有事则禁忌、利器、智慧、法令愈益其弊；引《三坟》之文证圣人之言；末以遂生、复业、保真、绝夸分释四句。吕惠卿以国容军容不同，正者常久、奇者应变，有事不足以取天下；忌讳则失业、利器则下难知、法令滋彰则盗贼多有；末以四句为取天下常以无事之证。苏辙以柔远能迩、无意用兵，天下神器不可为，唯体道者廓然无事而天下归之；忌讳则下情不上达，利器权谋则上眩而昏，趋末伎则非常无益之物作，法令多则民无所措手足。吴澄以正为法制禁令、奇为权谋诡诈，管商、孙吴各得一偏，唯三皇无为之治可以取天下；忌讳、利器、技巧、法令八句所言二事，其效至于民贫政昏；末以无为、好静、无欲皆无事，民自化、正、富、朴。憨山以清净无欲为正，奇巧诈术只可用兵；以文王之囿与杀麋鹿之罪对比忌讳，以贤者在野释利器，以人心雕琢、贪愈甚释技巧奇物法令；末以四句为古圣人之言。魏源此章与下章合为其第五十章，无自己疏解，仅存校记，并引王弼、吴澄、吕惠卿说。王夫之以正必至奇、治国必至用兵，无事者正所正而我不治，故无名无器、无利无巧而法无所试，欲弭兵者先去治。本站以王弼《老子注》道藏本为底本，分列河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英义疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、严遵《指归》辑文、李荣注、陆希声传、吕惠卿传、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》与王夫之《老子衍》，并附编者今译。俞樾《诸子平议》此章未列。", "guide": "點擊任一句可展開句注；點擊字詞可看本句訓釋；按「諸家並觀」可將同一句的舊注並列對讀，本章十三家舊注。河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮逐句或分段分疏；王弼六注、陸希聲一段、呂惠卿二段、蘇轍五條、吳澄四段、憨山一段、魏源一條、王夫之一段。嚴遵《指歸》此章存《玄德纂疏》卷十五輯文一則；俞樾《諸子平議》此章未列。河上公題「淳風」；《玄德纂疏》題「以政治國章」；蘇轍、呂惠卿題「以正治國章」；吳澄以此章合王弼第五十八章為其第四十九章，魏源以此章與下章合為其第五十章，王夫之標「五十七章」。王弼本正文作「以正治國」「民多利器」「人多伎巧」「法令滋彰」；河上公作「法物滋彰」，《玄德纂疏》、呂惠卿、王夫之作「人多利器」，陸希聲作「民多智慧，邪事滋起」，魏源作「法令滋章」。河上公、王弼、蘇轍、吳澄、魏源、王夫之四句作化、正、富、樸；《玄德纂疏》、陸希聲、呂惠卿作化、富、正、樸。", "guideSimp": "点击任一句可展开句注；点击字词可看本句训释；按「诸家并观」可将同一句的旧注并列对读，本章十三家旧注。河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李荣逐句或分段分疏；王弼六注、陆希声一段、吕惠卿二段、苏辙五条、吴澄四段、憨山一段、魏源一条、王夫之一段。严遵《指归》此章存《玄德纂疏》卷十五辑文一则；俞樾《诸子平议》此章未列。河上公题「淳风」；《玄德纂疏》题「以政治国章」；苏辙、吕惠卿题「以正治国章」；吴澄以此章合王弼第五十八章为其第四十九章，魏源以此章与下章合为其第五十章，王夫之标「五十七章」。王弼本正文作「以正治国」「民多利器」「人多伎巧」「法令滋彰」；河上公作「法物滋彰」，《玄德纂疏》、吕惠卿、王夫之作「人多利器」，陆希声作「民多智慧，邪事滋起」，魏源作「法令滋章」。河上公、王弼、苏辙、吴澄、魏源、王夫之四句作化、正、富、朴；《玄德纂疏》、陆希声、吕惠卿作化、富、正、朴。", "slug": "57", "order": 57, "status": "published", "revision": "初校", "review": "待复核", "updated": "2026-10-30", "summary": "全章十句：首句言以正治國、以奇用兵、以無事取天下；第二句言吾何以知其然哉、以此；第三句言天下多忌諱而民彌貧；第四句言民多利器、國家滋昏；第五句言人多伎巧、奇物滋起；第六句言法令滋彰、盜賊多有；第七至十句言聖人云我無為而民自化、我好靜而民自正、我無事而民自富、我無欲而民自樸。河上公以「以」為「至」，分正身、詐僞、無事之人使至有國、用兵、取天下，忌諱為防禁、利器為權、伎巧為彫琢、法物為珍好，末以修道承天、不言不教、無徭役、無華飾分釋四句；王弼以道治國則國平、以正治國則奇正起，立辟攻末、本不立而末淺，故必至奇兵，多忌諱、利器、伎巧、法令皆舍本治末，末以四句為崇本息末；成玄英以政為名教法律、奇為譎詐、無事為凝神垂拱，忌諱為禁制、利器為干戈、伎巧為機心，末以四句為四種無為之藥；唐玄宗御注以政教、奇詐、無事分釋，御疏以政煩網密、權謀多、浮華、法令彰逐標申說，末以清淨、不擾、好靜、無欲分釋四句；嚴遵以無心大同、無求之得為說，謂不若使天下不事智力；李榮以平均正直為政、兵不厭詐為奇、垂旒塞耳為無事，末以化、富、正、樸為四種無為之藥；陸希聲以正名、奇謀僅足救患，唯無事可以取天下之心，並引《三墳》之文；呂惠卿以國容軍容不同，正者常久、奇者應變，有事不足以取天下；蘇轍以柔遠能邇、無意用兵，天下神器不可為，唯體道者廓然無事而天下歸之；吳澄以正為法制禁令、奇為權謀詭詐，管商、孫吳各得一偏，唯三皇無為之治可以取天下，忌諱、利器、技巧、法令八句所言二事，其效至於民貧政昏；憨山以清淨無欲為正，奇巧詐術只可用兵，忌諱、利器、技巧、法令皆有事，無事乃取天下之具；魏源此章與下章合為其第五十章，無自己疏解，僅存校記；王夫之以正必至奇、治國必至用兵，無事者正所正而我不治，故無名無器、無利無巧而法無所試。河上公十三注、王弼六注、成玄英十二注、唐玄宗御注御疏十九注、嚴遵一輯文、李榮九注、陸希聲一段、呂惠卿二段、蘇轍五注、吳澄四注、憨山一段、魏源一條、王夫之一段；俞樾此章未列，故十三家。河上公題「淳風」，《玄德纂疏》題「以政治國章」，蘇轍、呂惠卿題「以正治國章」；吳澄以此章合王弼第五十八章為其第四十九章，魏源以此章與下章合為其第五十章。王弼本作「以正治國」「民多利器」「人多伎巧」「法令滋彰」，河上公作「法物滋彰」，《玄德纂疏》、呂惠卿、王夫之作「人多利器」，陸希聲作「民多智慧，邪事滋起」，魏源作「法令滋章」，並見校記。", "summarySimp": "全章十句：首句言以正治国、以奇用兵、以无事取天下；第二句言吾何以知其然哉、以此；第三句言天下多忌讳而民弥贫；第四句言民多利器、国家滋昏；第五句言人多伎巧、奇物滋起；第六句言法令滋彰、盗贼多有；第七至十句言圣人云我无为而民自化、我好静而民自正、我无事而民自富、我无欲而民自朴。河上公以「以」为「至」，分正身、诈伪、无事之人使至有国、用兵、取天下，忌讳为防禁、利器为权、伎巧为雕琢、法物为珍好，末以修道承天、不言不教、无徭役、无华饰分释四句；王弼以道治国则国平、以正治国则奇正起，立辟攻末、本不立而末浅，故必至奇兵，多忌讳、利器、伎巧、法令皆舍本治末，末以四句为崇本息末；成玄英以政为名教法律、奇为谲诈、无事为凝神垂拱，忌讳为禁制、利器为干戈、伎巧为机心，末以四句为四种无为之药；唐玄宗御注以政教、奇诈、无事分释，御疏以政烦网密、权谋多、浮华、法令彰逐标申说，末以清净、不扰、好静、无欲分释四句；严遵以无心大同、无求之得为说，谓不若使天下不事智力；李荣以平均正直为政、兵不厌诈为奇、垂旒塞耳为无事，末以化、富、正、朴为四种无为之药；陆希声以正名、奇谋仅足救患，唯无事可以取天下之心，并引《三坟》之文；吕惠卿以国容军容不同，正者常久、奇者应变，有事不足以取天下；苏辙以柔远能迩、无意用兵，天下神器不可为，唯体道者廓然无事而天下归之；吴澄以正为法制禁令、奇为权谋诡诈，管商、孙吴各得一偏，唯三皇无为之治可以取天下，忌讳、利器、技巧、法令八句所言二事，其效至于民贫政昏；憨山以清净无欲为正，奇巧诈术只可用兵，忌讳、利器、技巧、法令皆有事，无事乃取天下之具；魏源此章与下章合为其第五十章，无自己疏解，仅存校记；王夫之以正必至奇、治国必至用兵，无事者正所正而我不治，故无名无器、无利无巧而法无所试。河上公十三注、王弼六注、成玄英十二注、唐玄宗御注御疏十九注、严遵一辑文、李荣九注、陆希声一段、吕惠卿二段、苏辙五注、吴澄四注、憨山一段、魏源一条、王夫之一段；俞樾此章未列，故十三家。河上公题「淳风」，《玄德纂疏》题「以政治国章」，苏辙、吕惠卿题「以正治国章」；吴澄以此章合王弼第五十八章为其第四十九章，魏源以此章与下章合为其第五十章。王弼本作「以正治国」「民多利器」「人多伎巧」「法令滋彰」，河上公作「法物滋彰」，《玄德纂疏》、吕惠卿、王夫之作「人多利器」，陆希声作「民多智慧，邪事滋起」，魏源作「法令滋章」，并见校记。", "dataFile": "data/chapters/laozi-57.json", "relationsFile": "data/commentary-relations-laozi-57.json", "url": "/laozi/57/", "volumeId": "dejing", "volumeTitle": "德經", "volumeTitleSimp": "德经", "orderLabel": "第五十七" }, "edition": { "base": "王弼《老子注》", "baseEdition": "王弼《老子注》道藏本（德經）", "separation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》、王弼《老子道德經注》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、嚴遵《道德真經指歸》輯文、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》、王夫之《老子衍》諸本對校；河上公此章據四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引；成玄英、唐玄宗御注御疏、嚴遵、李榮此章據《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引", "punctuation": "數字轉錄所附現代標點，本站僅作閱讀輔助，尚未逐字復核原刻", "digital": "中華典藏網、識典古籍、大道家園公開轉錄、Kanripo 漢籍全文資料庫（僅作文字底本）", "caution": "王弼道藏本正文作「以正治國，以奇用兵，以無事取天下。吾何以知其然哉？以此。天下多忌諱，而民彌貧；民多利器，國家滋昏；人多伎巧，奇物滋起；法令滋彰，盜賊多有。故聖人云：我無為而民自化，我好靜而民自正，我無事而民自富，我無欲而民自樸」，本站分十句。河上公題「淳風第五十七」；《玄德纂疏》題「以政治國章第五十七」；蘇轍、呂惠卿題「以正治國章第五十七」；吳澄以此章合王弼第五十八章為其第四十九章，魏源以此章與下章合為其第五十章，王夫之標「五十七章」。諸本異文：河上公作「法物滋彰」；《玄德纂疏》、呂惠卿、王夫之作「人多利器」；陸希聲作「民多智慧，邪事滋起」，魏源校記云傅奕同；魏源作「法令滋章」；魏源從焦竑本作「吾何以知天下之然哉」；傅奕多「我無情而民自清」句。正文從王弼道藏本，異文見校記。", "baseSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "baseEditionSimp": "王弼《老子注》道藏本（德经）", "separationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》、王弼《老子道德经注》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、严遵《道德真经指归》辑文、李荣《道德真经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》、王夫之《老子衍》诸本对校；河上公此章据四部丛刊本，参校《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引；成玄英、唐玄宗御注御疏、严遵、李荣此章据《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引", "punctuationSimp": "数字转录所附现代标点，本站仅作阅读辅助，尚未逐字复核原刻", "digitalSimp": "中华典藏网、识典古籍、大道家园公开转录、Kanripo 汉籍全文资料库（仅作文字底本）", "cautionSimp": "王弼道藏本正文作「以正治国，以奇用兵，以无事取天下。吾何以知其然哉？以此。天下多忌讳，而民弥贫；民多利器，国家滋昏；人多伎巧，奇物滋起；法令滋彰，盗贼多有。故圣人云：我无为而民自化，我好静而民自正，我无事而民自富，我无欲而民自朴」，本站分十句。河上公题「淳风第五十七」；《玄德纂疏》题「以政治国章第五十七」；苏辙、吕惠卿题「以正治国章第五十七」；吴澄以此章合王弼第五十八章为其第四十九章，魏源以此章与下章合为其第五十章，王夫之标「五十七章」。诸本异文：河上公作「法物滋彰」；《玄德纂疏》、吕惠卿、王夫之作「人多利器」；陆希声作「民多智慧，邪事滋起」，魏源校记云傅奕同；魏源作「法令滋章」；魏源从焦竑本作「吾何以知天下之然哉」；傅奕多「我无情而民自清」句。正文从王弼道藏本，异文见校记。" }, "license": { "historical": "公有領域", "translation": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "code": "MIT" }, "stats": { "sentences": 10, "commentaries": 75, "charNotes": 16, "collations": 9 } }, "sources": [ { "id": "heshanggong", "name": "河上公章句", "short": "河上公", "author": "河上公", "work": "老子道德經章句", "era": "漢", "years": "傳漢文帝時", "color": "#a3542c", "desc": "分章句解，兼重治身與治國；此章題「淳風第五十七」，以至釋「以」，正身、詐僞、無事之人各使至有國、用兵、取天下；忌諱為防禁，令煩姦生、禁多下詐；利器為權，民多權則上下不親；伎巧為刻畫宮觀、彫琢章服；法物為珍好之物；末以修道承天、不言不教、無徭役、無華飾分釋四句。此章據四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引；注十三條。", "count": 13, "nameSimp": "河上公章句", "workSimp": "老子道德经章句", "authorSimp": "河上公", "eraSimp": "汉", "yearsSimp": "传汉文帝时", "descSimp": "分章句解，兼重治身与治国；此章题「淳风第五十七」，以至释「以」，正身、诈伪、无事之人各使至有国、用兵、取天下；忌讳为防禁，令烦奸生、禁多下诈；利器为权，民多权则上下不亲；伎巧为刻画宫观、雕琢章服；法物为珍好之物；末以修道承天、不言不教、无徭役、无华饰分释四句。此章据四部丛刊本，参校《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引；注十三条。", "shortSimp": "河上公" }, { "id": "wangbi", "name": "王弼注", "short": "王注", "author": "王弼", "work": "老子道德經注", "era": "曹魏", "years": "226–249", "color": "#8c5a2b", "desc": "以崇本息末、無為為宗；此章注六條，以道治國則國平、以正治國則奇正起、以無事則能取天下；立辟攻末則本不立而末淺，故必至奇兵；利器為利己之器，民强則國弱；民多智慧則巧偽生、邪事起；法令滋彰乃舍本治末；末以四句為崇本息末。此章注據《道藏》本王弼《老子注》德經，參校魏源《老子本義》所引。", "count": 6, "nameSimp": "王弼注", "workSimp": "老子道德经注", "authorSimp": "王弼", "eraSimp": "曹魏", "yearsSimp": "226–249", "descSimp": "以崇本息末、无为为宗；此章注六条，以道治国则国平、以正治国则奇正起、以无事则能取天下；立辟攻末则本不立而末浅，故必至奇兵；利器为利己之器，民强则国弱；民多智慧则巧伪生、邪事起；法令滋彰乃舍本治末；末以四句为崇本息末。此章注据《道藏》本王弼《老子注》德经，参校魏源《老子本义》所引。", "shortSimp": "王注" }, { "id": "chengxuanying", "name": "成玄英疏", "short": "成疏", "author": "成玄英", "work": "老子道德經義疏", "era": "唐", "years": "約 608–669", "color": "#6b7a4a", "desc": "以重玄雙遣為宗；此章《玄德纂疏》卷十五存義疏，分章義為四：權實二智用捨不同、攝化蒼生莫先無事、假設疑問廣辯有為、爰引聖人顯無為之美；以政為名教法律、奇為譎詐、無事為凝神垂拱；忌諱為禁制、利器為干戈、伎巧為機心、法物猶法令；末以四句為四種無為之藥。注十二條。", "count": 12, "nameSimp": "成玄英疏", "workSimp": "老子道德经义疏", "authorSimp": "成玄英", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "约 608–669", "descSimp": "以重玄双遣为宗；此章《玄德纂疏》卷十五存义疏，分章义为四：权实二智用舍不同、摄化苍生莫先无事、假设疑问广辩有为、爰引圣人显无为之美；以政为名教法律、奇为谲诈、无事为凝神垂拱；忌讳为禁制、利器为干戈、伎巧为机心、法物犹法令；末以四句为四种无为之药。注十二条。", "shortSimp": "成疏" }, { "id": "tangxuanzong", "name": "唐玄宗御注御疏", "short": "御注", "author": "唐玄宗", "work": "道德真經注疏", "era": "唐", "years": "685–762", "color": "#9a4b3f", "desc": "御注簡質、御疏詳申，以理國修身並重；此章御注七條、御疏十二條，分列；以政教、奇詐、無事分釋，謂政煩網密則民彌貧、權謀多則國滋昏、浮華則奇物滋起、法令彰則盜賊多有；末以清淨、不擾、好靜、無欲分釋四句，總歸無事取天下。此章據《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引。", "count": 19, "nameSimp": "唐玄宗御注御疏", "workSimp": "道德真经注疏", "authorSimp": "唐玄宗", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "685–762", "descSimp": "御注简质、御疏详申，以理国修身并重；此章御注七条、御疏十二条，分列；以政教、奇诈、无事分释，谓政烦网密则民弥贫、权谋多则国滋昏、浮华则奇物滋起、法令彰则盗贼多有；末以清净、不扰、好静、无欲分释四句，总归无事取天下。此章据《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引。", "shortSimp": "御注" }, { "id": "yanzun", "name": "嚴遵指歸", "short": "嚴指歸", "author": "嚴遵", "work": "道德真經指歸", "era": "漢", "years": "約前 83–10", "color": "#7a5c3e", "desc": "《指歸》道經原卷有缺，此章《玄德纂疏》卷十五存輯文一則，以無心大同、無求之得為說，謂挾黃帝、太公之慮，秉孫吳之要，不若使天下不事智力。輯文一條。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "严遵指归", "workSimp": "道德真经指归", "authorSimp": "严遵", "eraSimp": "汉", "yearsSimp": "约前 83–10", "descSimp": "《指归》道经原卷有缺，此章《玄德纂疏》卷十五存辑文一则，以无心大同、无求之得为说，谓挟黄帝、太公之虑，秉孙吴之要，不若使天下不事智力。辑文一条。", "shortSimp": "严指归" }, { "id": "lirong", "name": "李榮注", "short": "李榮", "author": "李榮", "work": "道德真經注", "era": "唐", "years": "約 600–680", "color": "#5f6f8a", "desc": "以道本德用、修身治國並說為宗；此章以平均正直為政、兵不厭詐為奇、垂旒塞耳為無事；忌諱多端則人勞而貧，機權兵器多則恐亂，奇巧異物生則上下相玩，法物珍好則盜賊斯起；末以化、富、正、樸為四種無為之藥。注九條。此章據《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引。", "count": 9, "nameSimp": "李荣注", "workSimp": "道德真经注", "authorSimp": "李荣", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "约 600–680", "descSimp": "以道本德用、修身治国并说为宗；此章以平均正直为政、兵不厌诈为奇、垂旒塞耳为无事；忌讳多端则人劳而贫，机权兵器多则恐乱，奇巧异物生则上下相玩，法物珍好则盗贼斯起；末以化、富、正、朴为四种无为之药。注九条。此章据《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引。", "shortSimp": "李荣" }, { "id": "luxisheng", "name": "陸希聲傳", "short": "陸傳", "author": "陸希聲", "work": "道德經傳", "era": "唐", "years": "？–895", "color": "#8a6f3a", "desc": "以體用、本末說經，長於政教；此章以正名、奇謀僅足救患，唯無事可以取天下之心；有事則禁忌、利器、智慧、法令愈益其弊；引《三墳》之文證聖人之言；末以遂生、復業、保真、絕夸分釋四句。傳一段。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "陆希声传", "workSimp": "道德经传", "authorSimp": "陆希声", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "？–895", "descSimp": "以体用、本末说经，长于政教；此章以正名、奇谋仅足救患，唯无事可以取天下之心；有事则禁忌、利器、智慧、法令愈益其弊；引《三坟》之文证圣人之言；末以遂生、复业、保真、绝夸分释四句。传一段。", "shortSimp": "陆传" }, { "id": "lvhuiqing", "name": "呂惠卿傳", "short": "呂傳", "author": "呂惠卿", "work": "道德真經傳", "era": "宋", "years": "1032–1111", "color": "#6a7d5a", "desc": "以道體無知、守母為本；此章以國容軍容不同，正者常久、奇者應變，有事不足以取天下；忌諱則失業、利器則下難知、法令滋彰則盜賊多有；末以四句為取天下常以無事之證。傳二段。", "count": 2, "nameSimp": "吕惠卿传", "workSimp": "道德真经传", "authorSimp": "吕惠卿", "eraSimp": "宋", "yearsSimp": "1032–1111", "descSimp": "以道体无知、守母为本；此章以国容军容不同，正者常久、奇者应变，有事不足以取天下；忌讳则失业、利器则下难知、法令滋彰则盗贼多有；末以四句为取天下常以无事之证。传二段。", "shortSimp": "吕传" }, { "id": "suzhe", "name": "蘇轍老子解", "short": "蘇解", "author": "蘇轍", "work": "老子解", "era": "宋", "years": "1039–1112", "color": "#5d7080", "desc": "以體道無知、無所施設為宗；此章以柔遠能邇、無意用兵，天下神器不可為，唯體道者廓然無事而天下歸之；忌諱則下情不上達，利器權謀則上眩而昏，趨末伎則非常無益之物作，法令多則民無所措手足。解五條。", "count": 5, "nameSimp": "苏辙老子解", "workSimp": "老子解", "authorSimp": "苏辙", "eraSimp": "宋", "yearsSimp": "1039–1112", "descSimp": "以体道无知、无所施设为宗；此章以柔远能迩、无意用兵，天下神器不可为，唯体道者廓然无事而天下归之；忌讳则下情不上达，利器权谋则上眩而昏，趋末伎则非常无益之物作，法令多则民无所措手足。解五条。", "shortSimp": "苏解" }, { "id": "wucheng", "name": "吳澄道德真經注", "short": "吳注", "author": "吳澄", "work": "道德真經注", "era": "元", "years": "1249–1333", "color": "#7b5f7a", "desc": "以理氣、斂退說經，兼重字義訓詁；此章以正為法制禁令、奇為權謀詭詐，管商、孫吳各得一偏，唯三皇無為之治可以取天下；忌諱、利器、技巧、法令八句所言二事，其效至於民貧政昏；末以無為、好靜、無欲皆無事，民自化、正、富、樸。注四條。此章合王弼第五十八章為其第四十九章。", "count": 4, "nameSimp": "吴澄道德真经注", "workSimp": "道德真经注", "authorSimp": "吴澄", "eraSimp": "元", "yearsSimp": "1249–1333", "descSimp": "以理气、敛退说经，兼重字义训诂；此章以正为法制禁令、奇为权谋诡诈，管商、孙吴各得一偏，唯三皇无为之治可以取天下；忌讳、利器、技巧、法令八句所言二事，其效至于民贫政昏；末以无为、好静、无欲皆无事，民自化、正、富、朴。注四条。此章合王弼第五十八章为其第四十九章。", "shortSimp": "吴注" }, { "id": "hanshan", "name": "憨山道德經解", "short": "憨山", "author": "釋德清", "work": "道德經解", "era": "明", "years": "1546–1623", "color": "#8a5f4a", "desc": "以真修、復性為本，兼重教化；此章以清淨無欲為正，奇巧詐術只可用兵；以文王之囿與殺麋鹿之罪對比忌諱，以賢者在野釋利器，以人心雕琢、貪愈甚釋技巧奇物法令；末以四句為古聖人之言。解一段。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "憨山道德经解", "workSimp": "道德经解", "authorSimp": "释德清", "eraSimp": "明", "yearsSimp": "1546–1623", "descSimp": "以真修、复性为本，兼重教化；此章以清净无欲为正，奇巧诈术只可用兵；以文王之囿与杀麋鹿之罪对比忌讳，以贤者在野释利器，以人心雕琢、贪愈甚释技巧奇物法令；末以四句为古圣人之言。解一段。", "shortSimp": "憨山" }, { "id": "weiyuan", "name": "魏源老子本義", "short": "魏源", "author": "魏源", "work": "老子本義", "era": "清", "years": "1794–1857", "color": "#5a6a5a", "desc": "以不盈務内為宗，博引諸家而斷以源案；此章與下章合為其第五十章，無自己疏解，僅存校記，並引王弼、吳澄、呂惠卿說。校記一條。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "魏源老子本义", "workSimp": "老子本义", "authorSimp": "魏源", "eraSimp": "清", "yearsSimp": "1794–1857", "descSimp": "以不盈务内为宗，博引诸家而断以源案；此章与下章合为其第五十章，无自己疏解，仅存校记，并引王弼、吴澄、吕惠卿说。校记一条。", "shortSimp": "魏源" }, { "id": "wangfuzhi", "name": "王夫之老子衍", "short": "船山", "author": "王夫之", "work": "老子衍", "era": "清", "years": "1619–1692", "color": "#6a5a7a", "desc": "以氣化、知幾立說；此章標「五十七章」，以正必至奇、治國必至用兵，無事者正所正而我不治，故無名無器、無利無巧而法無所試，欲弭兵者先去治。衍文一段。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "王夫之老子衍", "workSimp": "老子衍", "authorSimp": "王夫之", "eraSimp": "清", "yearsSimp": "1619–1692", "descSimp": "以气化、知几立说；此章标「五十七章」，以正必至奇、治国必至用兵，无事者正所正而我不治，故无名无器、无利无巧而法无所试，欲弭兵者先去治。衍文一段。", "shortSimp": "船山" }, { "id": "translator", "name": "本站今譯", "short": "今譯", "author": "LibreBook 編者", "work": "今譯", "era": "當代", "years": "", "color": "#8a8a8a", "desc": "編者據舊注與上下文所作語體今譯，供閱讀參照。", "count": 10, "nameSimp": "本站今译", "workSimp": "今译", "authorSimp": "LibreBook 编者", "eraSimp": "当代", "yearsSimp": "", "descSimp": "编者据旧注与上下文所作语体今译，供阅读参照。", "shortSimp": "今译" } ], "sentences": [ { "id": "s001", "paragraph": 1, "text": "以正治國，以奇用兵，以無事取天下。", "textSimp": "以正治国，以奇用兵，以无事取天下。", "translation": "用正道治理国家，用奇诈指挥用兵，用无为不扰来取得天下。", "translationTrad": "用正道治理國家，用奇詐指揮用兵，用無為不擾來取得天下。", "noteIds": [ "c001", "c002", "c003", "c004", "c005", "c006", "c007", "c008", "c009", "c010", "c011", "c012", "c013", "c014", "c015", "c016", "c017", "c018", "c019", "c020", "c021", "c022" ], "noteCount": 22, "charNoteIds": [ "n001", "n002", "n003" ], "key": "laozi-57:s001", "n": 1 }, { "id": "s002", "paragraph": 1, "text": "吾何以知其然哉？以此。", "textSimp": "吾何以知其然哉？以此。", "translation": "我凭什么知道是这样呢？就凭下面这些。", "translationTrad": "我憑什麼知道是這樣呢？就憑下面這些。", "noteIds": [ "c023", "c024", "c025", "c026", "c027", "c017", "c018", "c029", "c021", "c028", "c022" ], "noteCount": 11, "charNoteIds": [ "n004" ], "key": "laozi-57:s002", "n": 2 }, { "id": "s003", "paragraph": 1, "text": "天下多忌諱，而民彌貧；", "textSimp": "天下多忌讳，而民弥贫；", "translation": "天下的禁令忌讳越多，百姓就越贫困；", "translationTrad": "天下的禁令忌諱越多，百姓就越貧困；", "noteIds": [ "c030", "c031", "c032", "c033", "c034", "c035", "c017", "c018", "c036", "c037", "c021", "c022" ], "noteCount": 12, "charNoteIds": [ "n005", "n006" ], "key": "laozi-57:s003", "n": 3 }, { "id": "s004", "paragraph": 1, "text": "民多利器，國家滋昏；", "textSimp": "民多利器，国家滋昏；", "translation": "百姓手中的权谋利器越多，国家就越昏乱；", "translationTrad": "百姓手中的權謀利器越多，國家就越昏亂；", "noteIds": [ "c038", "c031", "c039", "c040", "c041", "c042", "c043", "c017", "c018", "c044", "c037", "c021", "c022" ], "noteCount": 13, "charNoteIds": [ "n007", "n008" ], "key": "laozi-57:s004", "n": 4 }, { "id": "s005", "paragraph": 1, "text": "人多伎巧，奇物滋起；", "textSimp": "人多伎巧，奇物滋起；", "translation": "人们的机巧伎俩越多，奇异之物就越层出不穷；", "translationTrad": "人們的機巧伎倆越多，奇異之物就越層出不窮；", "noteIds": [ "c045", "c031", "c046", "c047", "c048", "c049", "c050", "c017", "c018", "c051", "c037", "c021", "c022" ], "noteCount": 13, "charNoteIds": [ "n009", "n010" ], "key": "laozi-57:s005", "n": 5 }, { "id": "s006", "paragraph": 1, "text": "法令滋彰，盜賊多有。", "textSimp": "法令滋彰，盗贼多有。", "translation": "法令越是繁密彰明，盗贼反而越多。", "translationTrad": "法令越是繁密彰明，盜賊反而越多。", "noteIds": [ "c052", "c031", "c053", "c054", "c055", "c056", "c017", "c018", "c057", "c037", "c021", "c022" ], "noteCount": 12, "charNoteIds": [ "n011", "n012" ], "key": "laozi-57:s006", "n": 6 }, { "id": "s007", "paragraph": 1, "text": "故聖人云：我無為而民自化，", "textSimp": "故圣人云：我无为而民自化，", "translation": "所以圣人说：我无为，百姓自然归化；", "translationTrad": "所以聖人說：我無為，百姓自然歸化；", "noteIds": [ "c058", "c059", "c060", "c061", "c062", "c063", "c064", "c017", "c074", "c075", "c021" ], "noteCount": 11, "charNoteIds": [ "n013" ], "key": "laozi-57:s007", "n": 7 }, { "id": "s008", "paragraph": 1, "text": "我好靜而民自正，", "textSimp": "我好静而民自正，", "translation": "我喜好清静，百姓自然端正；", "translationTrad": "我喜好清靜，百姓自然端正；", "noteIds": [ "c065", "c060", "c066", "c062", "c067", "c064", "c017", "c074", "c075", "c021" ], "noteCount": 10, "charNoteIds": [ "n014" ], "key": "laozi-57:s008", "n": 8 }, { "id": "s009", "paragraph": 1, "text": "我無事而民自富，", "textSimp": "我无事而民自富，", "translation": "我不生事扰民，百姓自然富足；", "translationTrad": "我不生事擾民，百姓自然富足；", "noteIds": [ "c068", "c060", "c069", "c062", "c070", "c064", "c017", "c074", "c075", "c021" ], "noteCount": 10, "charNoteIds": [ "n015" ], "key": "laozi-57:s009", "n": 9 }, { "id": "s010", "paragraph": 1, "text": "我無欲而民自樸。", "textSimp": "我无欲而民自朴。", "translation": "我没有贪欲，百姓自然淳朴。", "translationTrad": "我沒有貪欲，百姓自然淳樸。", "noteIds": [ "c071", "c060", "c072", "c062", "c073", "c064", "c017", "c074", "c075", "c021" ], "noteCount": 10, "charNoteIds": [ "n016" ], "key": "laozi-57:s010", "n": 10 } ], "commentaries": [ { "id": "c001", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "以正治國", "kind": "note", "text": "以，至也。天使正身之人，使至有國也。", "authorNote": "河上公此章據四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引；河上公題「淳風第五十七」。", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "textSimp": "以，至也。天使正身之人，使至有国也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）（河上公此章據四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引；河上公題「淳風第五十七」。）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本，参校《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "河上公此章据四部丛刊本，参校《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引；河上公题「淳风第五十七」。", "lemmaSimp": "以正治国" }, { "id": "c002", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "以奇用兵", "kind": "note", "text": "奇，詐也。天使詐僞之人，使用兵也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "textSimp": "奇，诈也。天使诈伪之人，使用兵也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本，参校《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "lemmaSimp": "以奇用兵" }, { "id": "c003", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "以無事取天下", "kind": "note", "text": "以無事無為之人，使取天下為之主也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "textSimp": "以无事无为之人，使取天下为之主也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本，参校《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "lemmaSimp": "以无事取天下" }, { "id": "c004", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "以正治國", "kind": "note", "text": "以道治國則國平，以正治國則奇正起也。", "authorNote": "王弼此注總釋首句，本站依文義分列。", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本德經，參校魏源《老子本義》所引）", "textSimp": "以道治国则国平，以正治国则奇正起也。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本德經，參校魏源《老子本義》所引）（王弼此注總釋首句，本站依文義分列。）", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》（《道藏》本德经，参校魏源《老子本义》所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "王弼此注总释首句，本站依文义分列。", "lemmaSimp": "以正治国" }, { "id": "c005", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "以無事取天下", "kind": "note", "text": "以無事則能取天下也。上章云：其取天下者常以無事，及其有事，又不足以取天下也。故以正治國則不足以取天下，而以奇用兵也。夫以道治國，崇本以息末；以正治國，立辟以攻末。本不立而末淺，民無所及，故必至於奇用兵也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本德經，參校魏源《老子本義》所引）", "textSimp": "以无事则能取天下也。上章云：其取天下者常以无事，及其有事，又不足以取天下也。故以正治国则不足以取天下，而以奇用兵也。夫以道治国，崇本以息末；以正治国，立辟以攻末。本不立而末浅，民无所及，故必至于奇用兵也。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本德經，參校魏源《老子本義》所引）", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》（《道藏》本德经，参校魏源《老子本义》所引）", "lemmaSimp": "以无事取天下" }, { "id": "c006", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "以政治國", "kind": "note", "text": "以，用也；政，謂名教法律也；治，緝理也。夫聖人御世接物，隨機運權，道以行兵，用實智以治國，此則偃武修文、用實之時也。", "authorNote": "此章《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引；成玄英分章義為四。", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "textSimp": "以，用也；政，谓名教法律也；治，缉理也。夫圣人御世接物，随机运权，道以行兵，用实智以治国，此则偃武修文、用实之时也。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）（此章《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引；成玄英分章義為四。）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "此章《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引；成玄英分章义为四。", "lemmaSimp": "以政治国" }, { "id": "c007", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "以奇用兵", "kind": "note", "text": "奇，譎詐也。克定禍亂，應須用兵；兵不厭詐，必資奇譎。此則偃文修武、用權之世也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "textSimp": "奇，谲诈也。克定祸乱，应须用兵；兵不厌诈，必资奇谲。此则偃文修武、用权之世也。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "lemmaSimp": "以奇用兵" }, { "id": "c008", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "以無事取天下", "kind": "note", "text": "文武之道，應物隨時，譬彼蘧廬，方資芻狗；執而不遣，更增其弊。未若無為無事，凝神姑射之中，不武不文，垂拱廟堂之上；以斯化物，物無疵癘；用此治民，民歌擊壤。攝取之妙，其在兹乎！", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "textSimp": "文武之道，应物随时，譬彼蘧庐，方资刍狗；执而不遣，更增其弊。未若无为无事，凝神姑射之中，不武不文，垂拱庙堂之上；以斯化物，物无疵疠；用此治民，民歌击壤。摄取之妙，其在兹乎！", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "lemmaSimp": "以无事取天下" }, { "id": "c009", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "以正治國", "kind": "note", "text": "取理也，在宥天下，貴乎無為。若以政教理國、奇詐用兵，斯皆不合；唯無事無為可取天下。", "authorNote": "此為御注。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "取理也，在宥天下，贵乎无为。若以政教理国、奇诈用兵，斯皆不合；唯无事无为可取天下。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引御注御疏）（此為御注。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注。", "lemmaSimp": "以正治国" }, { "id": "c010", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "以政治國", "kind": "note", "text": "此標也。以，用也；政謂政教。言有為之君，矜用政教，而欲為理，不能無為任物自化，欲求致理，未之前聞。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "此标也。以，用也；政谓政教。言有为之君，矜用政教，而欲为理，不能无为任物自化，欲求致理，未之前闻。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "以政治国" }, { "id": "c011", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "以奇用兵", "kind": "note", "text": "此亦標也。奇，變詐也。不祥之器，君子惡之，況加變詐之名，而無節制之用？是以兵猶火也，不戢將自焚，故知奇變之兵，非制勝之道也。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "此亦标也。奇，变诈也。不祥之器，君子恶之，况加变诈之名，而无节制之用？是以兵犹火也，不戢将自焚，故知奇变之兵，非制胜之道也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "以奇用兵" }, { "id": "c012", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "以無事取天下", "kind": "note", "text": "此亦標也。有道之君，無為而理。夫無為則無事，無事則不煩，不煩則百姓自化，而天下太平矣。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "此亦标也。有道之君，无为而理。夫无为则无事，无事则不烦，不烦则百姓自化，而天下太平矣。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "以无事取天下" }, { "id": "c013", "block": 0, "source": "yanzun", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "以正治國", "kind": "note", "text": "用心思公之慮，不若無心大同；可欲禁過，不若無求之得。忠挾黄帝、太公之慮，秉孫吴氏之要，以勝之，不若使天下不事智力之策要也。", "authorNote": "嚴遵《指歸》此章有《玄德纂疏》卷十五輯文一則。", "citation": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引輯文）", "textSimp": "用心思公之虑，不若无心大同；可欲禁过，不若无求之得。忠挟黄帝、太公之虑，秉孙吴氏之要，以胜之，不若使天下不事智力之策要也。", "citationFull": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引輯文）（嚴遵《指歸》此章有《玄德纂疏》卷十五輯文一則。）", "citationSimp": "严遵《道德真经指归》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引辑文）", "authorNoteSimp": "严遵《指归》此章有《玄德纂疏》卷十五辑文一则。", "lemmaSimp": "以正治国" }, { "id": "c014", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "以政治國", "kind": "note", "text": "養百姓者，妙在平均；宣風化者，要歸於正直。此所謂諸侯牧宰，道德齊禮，文之教也。", "authorNote": "此章《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引。", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "textSimp": "养百姓者，妙在平均；宣风化者，要归于正直。此所谓诸侯牧宰，道德齐礼，文之教也。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）（此章《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引。）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "此章《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引。", "lemmaSimp": "以政治国" }, { "id": "c015", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "以奇用兵", "kind": "note", "text": "奇，變詐也。臨難制變，兵不厭詐；三略太奇，九攻百勝，上將軍師，靜難息寇，武之功也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "textSimp": "奇，变诈也。临难制变，兵不厌诈；三略太奇，九攻百胜，上将军师，静难息寇，武之功也。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "lemmaSimp": "以奇用兵" }, { "id": "c016", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "以無事取天下", "kind": "note", "text": "明君之攝化天下，論道宣風，則賢相守方；討逆則名將主位，垂旒坐朝於萬國，塞耳凝神於九重。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "textSimp": "明君之摄化天下，论道宣风，则贤相守方；讨逆则名将主位，垂旒坐朝于万国，塞耳凝神于九重。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "lemmaSimp": "以无事取天下" }, { "id": "c017", "block": 0, "source": "luxisheng", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s010" }, "lemma": "以正治國", "kind": "note", "text": "夫正名則不濫，可以治國矣；奇謀則不窮，可以用兵矣。二者纔足救患而已，非可久可大者也。將欲可久可大者，莫過於取天下之心；夫唯取天下之心，莫過於無事；及其有事，則不足以取天下之心矣。吾何以知其如此哉？夫天下有事，則多其禁忌避諱，將以治萬民也，萬民以其有事，不得安其業，故彌貧；百姓有欲，則多其利用器具，將以助國家也，而國家以其有欲，不得靜其治，故滋昏；民多智慧，欲以防狡猾，狡猾益有以欺之，故邪事滋起；法令滋彰，欲以防姦宄，姦宄愈得以取之，故盜賊多有。此皆不塞其源而務壅其流，故其弊愈益而不可止。既此有事不足以取天下人之心，是知唯無事者則可以取天下之心矣。故老氏舉聖人之言云者，以示不敢自專；其所舉之言，蓋《三墳》之文也。老氏為周柱下史，遍觀上世之遺書，故舉其言以證其必然耳。《傳序》云『彌綸黃帝』，蓋此類也。我無為則人遂其生，故其俗自化；我無事則民復其業，故其家自富；我好靜則人保天真之性，故其事自正；我無欲則人絕夸企之情，故其質自樸。苟有事有欲而望致民於富壽之域，吾未見其可也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "夫正名则不滥，可以治国矣；奇谋则不穷，可以用兵矣。二者才足救患而已，非可久可大者也。将欲可久可大者，莫过于取天下之心；夫唯取天下之心，莫过于无事；及其有事，则不足以取天下之心矣。吾何以知其如此哉？夫天下有事，则多其禁忌避讳，将以治万民也，万民以其有事，不得安其业，故弥贫；百姓有欲，则多其利用器具，将以助国家也，而国家以其有欲，不得静其治，故滋昏；民多智慧，欲以防狡猾，狡猾益有以欺之，故邪事滋起；法令滋彰，欲以防奸宄，奸宄愈得以取之，故盗贼多有。此皆不塞其源而务壅其流，故其弊愈益而不可止。既此有事不足以取天下人之心，是知唯无事者则可以取天下之心矣。故老氏举圣人之言云者，以示不敢自专；其所举之言，盖《三坟》之文也。老氏为周柱下史，遍观上世之遗书，故举其言以证其必然耳。《传序》云『弥纶黄帝』，盖此类也。我无为则人遂其生，故其俗自化；我无事则民复其业，故其家自富；我好静则人保天真之性，故其事自正；我无欲则人绝夸企之情，故其质自朴。苟有事有欲而望致民于富寿之域，吾未见其可也。", "citationFull": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "陆希声《道德经传》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "以正治国" }, { "id": "c018", "block": 0, "source": "lvhuiqing", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "以正治國", "kind": "note", "text": "國容不入軍，軍容不入國，其來久矣，則其所以治國用兵者固不同也。治國者不可以不常且久者也，故以正而不以奇；正者所以常且久也。兵者不祥之器，非君子之器，故有道者不處；兵而常且久，則是處之也，故以奇而不以正；奇者應一時之變者也。以其故不能不有以為，以正故不以智治國，國之福也；治國而無所事智，則有事之不可以取天下也明矣。故曰以正治國，以奇用兵，以無事取天下。何以知無事之足以取天下哉？以有事不足以取天下而知之也。夫唯為不出於無為而至於有事，則天下多忌諱以避其所惡，則失業者眾而民彌貧；人多利器以趨其所好，則下難知而國家滋昏；民彌貧而多利巧，國家滋昏而奇物滋起，此法令所以滋彰而盜賊多有也。法禁於法之所加，而不能禁於法之所不加；令行於令之所聽，而不能行於令之所不聽。民貧而多利巧，則令有所不聽矣；國家昏而奇物滋起，則法有所不加矣。此所以滋彰而盜賊多有也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "呂惠卿《道德真經傳》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "国容不入军，军容不入国，其来久矣，则其所以治国用兵者固不同也。治国者不可以不常且久者也，故以正而不以奇；正者所以常且久也。兵者不祥之器，非君子之器，故有道者不处；兵而常且久，则是处之也，故以奇而不以正；奇者应一时之变者也。以其故不能不有以为，以正故不以智治国，国之福也；治国而无所事智，则有事之不可以取天下也明矣。故曰以正治国，以奇用兵，以无事取天下。何以知无事之足以取天下哉？以有事不足以取天下而知之也。夫唯为不出于无为而至于有事，则天下多忌讳以避其所恶，则失业者众而民弥贫；人多利器以趋其所好，则下难知而国家滋昏；民弥贫而多利巧，国家滋昏而奇物滋起，此法令所以滋彰而盗贼多有也。法禁于法之所加，而不能禁于法之所不加；令行于令之所听，而不能行于令之所不听。民贫而多利巧，则令有所不听矣；国家昏而奇物滋起，则法有所不加矣。此所以滋彰而盗贼多有也。", "citationFull": "呂惠卿《道德真經傳》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "吕惠卿《道德真经传》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "以正治国" }, { "id": "c019", "block": 0, "source": "suzhe", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "以正治國", "kind": "note", "text": "古之聖人，柔遠能邇，無意於用兵，唯不得已然後有征伐之事，故以治國為正，以用兵為奇。雖然，此亦未足以取天下。天下神器，不可為也，為者敗之，執者失之；唯體道者廓然無事，雖不取天下，而天下歸之矣。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "古之圣人，柔远能迩，无意于用兵，唯不得已然后有征伐之事，故以治国为正，以用兵为奇。虽然，此亦未足以取天下。天下神器，不可为也，为者败之，执者失之；唯体道者廓然无事，虽不取天下，而天下归之矣。", "citationFull": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "苏辙《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "以正治国" }, { "id": "c020", "block": 0, "source": "wucheng", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "以正治國", "kind": "note", "text": "正者，法制禁令，正其不正，管商以正治國；帝王以修身齊家為本，不恃法制禁令以為正。奇者，權謀詭詐，譎而不正，孫吴以奇用兵；帝王以弔民伐罪為心，不尚權謀詭詐以為奇。奇者僅可施於用兵，不可以治國；正者僅可施於治國，不可以取天下。無事者，三皇無為之治，如天不言而四時行、百物生，不期人之服從，而天下無不服從，故唯無事者可以取天下也。", "authorNote": "吳澄以此章合王弼第五十八章為其第四十九章，章末標「右第四十九章」。", "citation": "吳澄《道德真經注》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "正者，法制禁令，正其不正，管商以正治国；帝王以修身齐家为本，不恃法制禁令以为正。奇者，权谋诡诈，谲而不正，孙吴以奇用兵；帝王以吊民伐罪为心，不尚权谋诡诈以为奇。奇者仅可施于用兵，不可以治国；正者仅可施于治国，不可以取天下。无事者，三皇无为之治，如天不言而四时行、百物生，不期人之服从，而天下无不服从，故唯无事者可以取天下也。", "citationFull": "吳澄《道德真經注》（《道藏》本）（吳澄以此章合王弼第五十八章為其第四十九章，章末標「右第四十九章」。）", "citationSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》（《道藏》本）", "authorNoteSimp": "吴澄以此章合王弼第五十八章为其第四十九章，章末标「右第四十九章」。", "lemmaSimp": "以正治国" }, { "id": "c021", "block": 0, "source": "hanshan", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s010" }, "lemma": "以正治國", "kind": "note", "text": "此言治天下國家者，當以清淨無欲為正，而不可用奇巧以誘民也。且奇巧詐術，是為詭道，但可用之於兵，不可以治國，故曰以正治國，以奇用兵。然兵者不祥之器，不得已而用之，乃好事者為之耳，非取天下之具也，故以無事取天下。吾何以知無事可以取天下之然哉？以此。此，指下文有事而言。蓋忌諱、利器、技巧、法令，皆有事也，此何以不足取天下？且天下多忌諱，而民彌貧。忌，謂禁不敢作；諱，謂不敢言。只如文王之囿七十里，與民共之，芻蕘雉兔取之者無禁；即有不便於民者，言之不諱，所以民得安其生。故在上者無事，而民日富。今則殺其麋鹿者如殺人之罪，取之者死，民有不便，言之者戮，故民不聊生，且又無所措手足，此多忌諱之事，而民彌貧也。賢者，國之利器也。今國無道，賢者在野，是利器在民不在朝，所以國家滋昏。由上多欲好奇，故人心雕琢，技巧日生；技巧生而奇物滋起；奇物起則貪愈甚，貪愈甚而盜賊生，故法令滋彰而盜賊多有也。以此天下擾擾而不安，是皆有為妄動、有事多欲之過也。故古之聖人有言曰：我無為而民自化，我好靜而民自正，我無事而民自富，我無欲而民自樸，宜矣。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "釋德清《道德經解》（公開轉錄本）", "textSimp": "此言治天下国家者，当以清净无欲为正，而不可用奇巧以诱民也。且奇巧诈术，是为诡道，但可用之于兵，不可以治国，故曰以正治国，以奇用兵。然兵者不祥之器，不得已而用之，乃好事者为之耳，非取天下之具也，故以无事取天下。吾何以知无事可以取天下之然哉？以此。此，指下文有事而言。盖忌讳、利器、技巧、法令，皆有事也，此何以不足取天下？且天下多忌讳，而民弥贫。忌，谓禁不敢作；讳，谓不敢言。只如文王之囿七十里，与民共之，刍荛雉兔取之者无禁；即有不便于民者，言之不讳，所以民得安其生。故在上者无事，而民日富。今则杀其麋鹿者如杀人之罪，取之者死，民有不便，言之者戮，故民不聊生，且又无所措手足，此多忌讳之事，而民弥贫也。贤者，国之利器也。今国无道，贤者在野，是利器在民不在朝，所以国家滋昏。由上多欲好奇，故人心雕琢，技巧日生；技巧生而奇物滋起；奇物起则贪愈甚，贪愈甚而盗贼生，故法令滋彰而盗贼多有也。以此天下扰扰而不安，是皆有为妄动、有事多欲之过也。故古之圣人有言曰：我无为而民自化，我好静而民自正，我无事而民自富，我无欲而民自朴，宜矣。", "citationFull": "釋德清《道德經解》（公開轉錄本）", "citationSimp": "释德清《道德经解》（公开转录本）", "lemmaSimp": "以正治国" }, { "id": "c022", "block": 0, "source": "wangfuzhi", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "以正治國", "kind": "note", "text": "天下有所不治，及其治之，非『正』不為功。以『正』正其不正，惡知正者之固將不正邪？故『正』必至於『奇』，而治國必至於『用兵』。夫無事者，正所正而我不治，則雖有欲為奇者，以無猜而自阻，我乃得坐而取之。彼多動多事者則不然，曰：『治者物之當然，而用兵者我之不得已也。』方與天下共居其安平之富，而曰不得已，是誰詒之戚哉？故無名無器，無器無利，無利無巧，無巧則法無所試。故欲弭兵者先去治。", "authorNote": "此章標「五十七章」。", "citation": "王夫之《老子衍》（公開轉錄本）", "textSimp": "天下有所不治，及其治之，非『正』不为功。以『正』正其不正，恶知正者之固将不正邪？故『正』必至于『奇』，而治国必至于『用兵』。夫无事者，正所正而我不治，则虽有欲为奇者，以无猜而自阻，我乃得坐而取之。彼多动多事者则不然，曰：『治者物之当然，而用兵者我之不得已也。』方与天下共居其安平之富，而曰不得已，是谁诒之戚哉？故无名无器，无器无利，无利无巧，无巧则法无所试。故欲弭兵者先去治。", "citationFull": "王夫之《老子衍》（公開轉錄本）（此章標「五十七章」。）", "citationSimp": "王夫之《老子衍》（公开转录本）", "authorNoteSimp": "此章标「五十七章」。", "lemmaSimp": "以正治国" }, { "id": "c023", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "以此", "kind": "note", "text": "此，今也。老子言我何以知天意然哉？以今日所見知也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "textSimp": "此，今也。老子言我何以知天意然哉？以今日所见知也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本，参校《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "lemmaSimp": "以此" }, { "id": "c024", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "以此", "kind": "note", "text": "教主假設云：我何以知攝化天下必須無事乎？用此下文觀之，則知也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "textSimp": "教主假设云：我何以知摄化天下必须无事乎？用此下文观之，则知也。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "lemmaSimp": "以此" }, { "id": "c025", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "以此", "kind": "note", "text": "以此下文知之。", "authorNote": "此為御注。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "以此下文知之。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引御注御疏）（此為御注。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注。", "lemmaSimp": "以此" }, { "id": "c026", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "以此", "kind": "note", "text": "吾何以知，發問也；其然，猶如是也；以此，答也。老君詳問：我何以知取天下必須無事無為？以此文云：多忌諱則人彌貧，我無為則人自化，驗可知爾。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "吾何以知，发问也；其然，犹如是也；以此，答也。老君详问：我何以知取天下必须无事无为？以此文云：多忌讳则人弥贫，我无为则人自化，验可知尔。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "以此" }, { "id": "c027", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "以此", "kind": "note", "text": "何以得知無事可以取天下？即以此下文云：我無為，人自化；我無事，人自富。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "textSimp": "何以得知无事可以取天下？即以此下文云：我无为，人自化；我无事，人自富。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "lemmaSimp": "以此" }, { "id": "c028", "block": 0, "source": "weiyuan", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "以此", "kind": "note", "text": "正，傅奕作政。無事，焦竑云一作無為。『吾何以知其然哉？以此』，河上、王弼作『吾何知其然哉？以此』，傅奕作『吾為要以知天下其然哉？以此夫』，此從焦竑本。『人多技巧』二句，傅奕作『民多智慧，而邪事滋起』。", "authorNote": "此為魏源《老子本義》校記；魏源以此章與下章合為其第五十章。", "citation": "魏源《老子本義》（下篇，公開轉錄本）", "textSimp": "正，傅奕作政。无事，焦竑云一作无为。『吾何以知其然哉？以此』，河上、王弼作『吾何知其然哉？以此』，傅奕作『吾为要以知天下其然哉？以此夫』，此从焦竑本。『人多技巧』二句，傅奕作『民多智慧，而邪事滋起』。", "citationFull": "魏源《老子本義》（下篇，公開轉錄本）（此為魏源《老子本義》校記；魏源以此章與下章合為其第五十章。）", "citationSimp": "魏源《老子本义》（下篇，公开转录本）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为魏源《老子本义》校记；魏源以此章与下章合为其第五十章。", "lemmaSimp": "以此" }, { "id": "c029", "block": 0, "source": "wucheng", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "以此", "kind": "note", "text": "設問辭以起下文之答。正可以治國、無事可以取天下者，何以知其如此哉？而下文答之也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "吳澄《道德真經注》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "设问辞以起下文之答。正可以治国、无事可以取天下者，何以知其如此哉？而下文答之也。", "citationFull": "吳澄《道德真經注》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "以此" }, { "id": "c030", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "天下多忌諱", "kind": "note", "text": "天下謂人主也。忌諱者，防禁也。令煩則姦生，禁多則下詐相殆，故貧也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "textSimp": "天下谓人主也。忌讳者，防禁也。令烦则奸生，禁多则下诈相殆，故贫也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本，参校《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "lemmaSimp": "天下多忌讳" }, { "id": "c031", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "天下多忌諱", "kind": "note", "text": "立正欲以息邪，而奇兵用；多忌諱欲以恥貧，而民彌貧；利器欲以强國者也，而國愈昏；多皆舍本以治末，故以致此也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本德經，參校魏源《老子本義》所引）", "textSimp": "立正欲以息邪，而奇兵用；多忌讳欲以耻贫，而民弥贫；利器欲以强国者也，而国愈昏；多皆舍本以治末，故以致此也。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本德經，參校魏源《老子本義》所引）", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》（《道藏》本德经，参校魏源《老子本义》所引）", "lemmaSimp": "天下多忌讳" }, { "id": "c032", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "天下多忌諱", "kind": "note", "text": "忌諱猶禁制也。刑法嚴酷，罹罪者眾，民不安業，所以彌貧。治身者不能率性任真，而篤於禁忌，内無道德，故彌貧也。此一句，解以政。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "textSimp": "忌讳犹禁制也。刑法严酷，罹罪者众，民不安业，所以弥贫。治身者不能率性任真，而笃于禁忌，内无道德，故弥贫也。此一句，解以政。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "lemmaSimp": "天下多忌讳" }, { "id": "c033", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "天下多忌諱", "kind": "note", "text": "以政理國，動多忌諱，人失作業，故彌貧爾。", "authorNote": "此為御注。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "以政理国，动多忌讳，人失作业，故弥贫尔。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引御注御疏）（此為御注。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注。", "lemmaSimp": "天下多忌讳" }, { "id": "c034", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "天下多忌諱", "kind": "note", "text": "此覆釋以政理國也。為天下之主，不能敦清净以化人、崇簡易而臨物，政煩網密，下人無所措其手足，避諱無暇，動失生業，日就困窮，所以彌貧。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "此覆释以政理国也。为天下之主，不能敦清净以化人、崇简易而临物，政烦网密，下人无所措其手足，避讳无暇，动失生业，日就困穷，所以弥贫。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "天下多忌讳" }, { "id": "c035", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "天下多忌諱", "kind": "note", "text": "忌諱多端，政煩網密；煩則人勞，密則人懼，從法妨業，焉得不貧也？", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "textSimp": "忌讳多端，政烦网密；烦则人劳，密则人惧，从法妨业，焉得不贫也？", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "lemmaSimp": "天下多忌讳" }, { "id": "c036", "block": 0, "source": "suzhe", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "天下多忌諱", "kind": "note", "text": "人主多忌諱，下情不上達，則民貧而無告矣。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "人主多忌讳，下情不上达，则民贫而无告矣。", "citationFull": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "苏辙《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "天下多忌讳" }, { "id": "c037", "block": 0, "source": "wucheng", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "天下多忌諱", "kind": "note", "text": "答上文言正僅可以治國。忌諱謂畏避防禁嚴密，本欲正民德也，然民一舉手摇足輒陷罪戾，有所畏避，不得安生樂業而趍於貧矣。利器，利便於民之器，如網罟、耒耜、杵臼、舟車之屬，本欲利民用也，然利器民得自為，雖度量權衡之公，亦將不出於上，無所統一，則國家黯無精采而疑為昏矣。技巧，造作利器之工，末業眾多，爭能競利，則有售奇僞之物者矣。法令者，民所畏憚，彰明易犯，民不聊生，則多為盜賊之歸者矣。八句所言二事：法令彰所以多忌諱，技巧多所以多利器；盜賊之有由於民貧，奇物之起由國家之昏。明庶政使民知畏避，來百工使民足財用，所謂正也。正以正，蓋期其國之治，然民貧於下而或為盜賊，政昏於上而售奇物，其效如此，是以之治國而猶不足也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "吳澄《道德真經注》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "答上文言正仅可以治国。忌讳谓畏避防禁严密，本欲正民德也，然民一举手摇足辄陷罪戾，有所畏避，不得安生乐业而趍于贫矣。利器，利便于民之器，如网罟、耒耜、杵臼、舟车之属，本欲利民用也，然利器民得自为，虽度量权衡之公，亦将不出于上，无所统一，则国家黯无精采而疑为昏矣。技巧，造作利器之工，末业众多，争能竞利，则有售奇伪之物者矣。法令者，民所畏惮，彰明易犯，民不聊生，则多为盗贼之归者矣。八句所言二事：法令彰所以多忌讳，技巧多所以多利器；盗贼之有由于民贫，奇物之起由国家之昏。明庶政使民知畏避，来百工使民足财用，所谓正也。正以正，盖期其国之治，然民贫于下而或为盗贼，政昏于上而售奇物，其效如此，是以之治国而犹不足也。", "citationFull": "吳澄《道德真經注》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "天下多忌讳" }, { "id": "c038", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "民多利器", "kind": "note", "text": "利器者，權也。民多權則視者眩於目，聽者惑於耳，上下不親，故國家昏亂也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "textSimp": "利器者，权也。民多权则视者眩于目，听者惑于耳，上下不亲，故国家昏乱也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本，参校《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "lemmaSimp": "民多利器" }, { "id": "c039", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "民多利器", "kind": "note", "text": "利器，凡所以利己之器也。民强則國家弱。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本德經，參校魏源《老子本義》所引）", "textSimp": "利器，凡所以利己之器也。民强则国家弱。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本德經，參校魏源《老子本義》所引）", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》（《道藏》本德经，参校魏源《老子本义》所引）", "lemmaSimp": "民多利器" }, { "id": "c040", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "民多利器", "kind": "note", "text": "利器，干戈也；滋，甚也。昏亂之世，不崇文德，唯事戈矛，傷害既多，荒亂日甚。治身者銳情貪欲，心喪神昏。此一句，解用兵也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "textSimp": "利器，干戈也；滋，甚也。昏乱之世，不崇文德，唯事戈矛，伤害既多，荒乱日甚。治身者锐情贪欲，心丧神昏。此一句，解用兵也。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "lemmaSimp": "民多利器" }, { "id": "c041", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "民多利器", "kind": "note", "text": "利器謂權謀。人主以權謀為多，不能反實，下則應之以譎詐，故令國家滋益昏亂。", "authorNote": "此為御注。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "利器谓权谋。人主以权谋为多，不能反实，下则应之以谲诈，故令国家滋益昏乱。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引御注御疏）（此為御注。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注。", "lemmaSimp": "民多利器" }, { "id": "c042", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "民多利器", "kind": "note", "text": "此釋上以奇用兵也。利器者，權謀也。夫權道在乎適時，不得已而方用；人君若多用權謀，不能反實，下必應之以譎詐，故多滋益昏亂也。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "此释上以奇用兵也。利器者，权谋也。夫权道在乎适时，不得已而方用；人君若多用权谋，不能反实，下必应之以谲诈，故多滋益昏乱也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "民多利器" }, { "id": "c043", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "民多利器", "kind": "note", "text": "機權不可多與人，兵器不可家皆有；家有兵器，思為賊；人多執權，恐至亂也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "textSimp": "机权不可多与人，兵器不可家皆有；家有兵器，思为贼；人多执权，恐至乱也。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "lemmaSimp": "民多利器" }, { "id": "c044", "block": 0, "source": "suzhe", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "民多利器", "kind": "note", "text": "利器，權謀也。明君在上，常使民無知無欲；民多權謀，則其上眩而昏矣。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "利器，权谋也。明君在上，常使民无知无欲；民多权谋，则其上眩而昏矣。", "citationFull": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "苏辙《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "民多利器" }, { "id": "c045", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "人多伎巧", "kind": "note", "text": "人謂人君百里諸侯也。多知伎巧，謂刻畫宫觀、彫琢章服，奇物滋起，下則化上，飾金鏤玉、文繡綵色，日以滋甚。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "textSimp": "人谓人君百里诸侯也。多知伎巧，谓刻画宫观、雕琢章服，奇物滋起，下则化上，饰金镂玉、文绣彩色，日以滋甚。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本，参校《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "lemmaSimp": "人多伎巧" }, { "id": "c046", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "人多伎巧", "kind": "note", "text": "民多智慧則巧僞生，巧僞生則邪事起。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本德經，參校魏源《老子本義》所引）", "textSimp": "民多智慧则巧伪生，巧伪生则邪事起。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本德經，參校魏源《老子本義》所引）", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》（《道藏》本德经，参校魏源《老子本义》所引）", "lemmaSimp": "人多伎巧" }, { "id": "c047", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "人多伎巧", "kind": "note", "text": "知巧謂機心也，奇物謂戰具也。言在上好武，下必順之，故各起異端，競獻知巧，野戰攻城，機械非一，多呈奇物以取洪勛。治身者多知巧詐，貪取前境，分别之心日益其弊。此一句，重釋用兵。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "textSimp": "知巧谓机心也，奇物谓战具也。言在上好武，下必顺之，故各起异端，竞献知巧，野战攻城，机械非一，多呈奇物以取洪勋。治身者多知巧诈，贪取前境，分别之心日益其弊。此一句，重释用兵。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "lemmaSimp": "人多伎巧" }, { "id": "c048", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "人多伎巧", "kind": "note", "text": "人主以伎巧為多，不能見素，下則應之以奢，故令淫奇之物滋起。", "authorNote": "此為御注。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "人主以伎巧为多，不能见素，下则应之以奢，故令淫奇之物滋起。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引御注御疏）（此為御注。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注。", "lemmaSimp": "人多伎巧" }, { "id": "c049", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "人多伎巧", "kind": "note", "text": "伎，能也；巧，工巧也；奇物，謂刻鏤雕琢、寶貨珍玩之屬。言人君不尚純樸而好浮華，則百姓效上而為奢泰，馳競淫飾，日以繁多也。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "伎，能也；巧，工巧也；奇物，谓刻镂雕琢、宝货珍玩之属。言人君不尚纯朴而好浮华，则百姓效上而为奢泰，驰竞淫饰，日以繁多也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "人多伎巧" }, { "id": "c050", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "人多伎巧", "kind": "note", "text": "多奇巧，異物生；上玩物，下起欲。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "textSimp": "多奇巧，异物生；上玩物，下起欲。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "citationSimp": 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"s006" }, "lemma": "法令滋彰", "kind": "note", "text": "法物猶法令，言刑名彰著，法令滋繁，有布凝脂，無開三面，不堪苛虐，逃竄者多，因生濫竊，盜賊斯起，所謂政之愈巧，避之愈密。此一句，重釋以政。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "textSimp": "法物犹法令，言刑名彰着，法令滋繁，有布凝脂，无开三面，不堪苛虐，逃窜者多，因生滥窃，盗贼斯起，所谓政之愈巧，避之愈密。此一句，重释以政。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "lemmaSimp": "法令滋彰" }, { "id": "c054", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s006", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "法令滋彰", "kind": "note", "text": "無為既失，法令益明，竊法為奸，盡成盜賊，豈非多有乎？", "authorNote": "此為御注。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "无为既失，法令益明，窃法为奸，尽成盗贼，岂非多有乎？", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引御注御疏）（此為御注。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注。", "lemmaSimp": "法令滋彰" }, { "id": "c055", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s006", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "法令滋彰", "kind": "note", "text": "法，刑法也；令，教令也。君上不能寡嗜欲以御人，而欲彰法令以齊物；人既苟免而無耻，吏則竊法而為奸，上下相蒙，故令盜賊多有也。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "法，刑法也；令，教令也。君上不能寡嗜欲以御人，而欲彰法令以齐物；人既苟免而无耻，吏则窃法而为奸，上下相蒙，故令盗贼多有也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "法令滋彰" }, { "id": "c056", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s006", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "法令滋彰", "kind": "note", "text": "珍好之物為法物也，多貴金玉，盜賊斯起也。亦言法所以息盜，盜更多；禮所以整亂，而亂作。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "textSimp": "珍好之物为法物也，多贵金玉，盗贼斯起也。亦言法所以息盗，盗更多；礼所以整乱，而乱作。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "lemmaSimp": "法令滋彰" }, { "id": "c057", "block": 0, "source": "suzhe", "target": { "start": "s006", "end": "s006" }, "lemma": "法令滋彰", "kind": "note", "text": "患人之詐僞而多為法令以勝之，民無所措手足，則日入於盜賊矣。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "患人之诈伪而多为法令以胜之，民无所措手足，则日入于盗贼矣。", "citationFull": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "苏辙《老子解》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "法令滋彰" }, { "id": "c058", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s007", "end": "s007" }, "lemma": "故聖人云", "kind": "note", "text": "謂下事也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "textSimp": "谓下事也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本，参校《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "lemmaSimp": "故圣人云" }, { "id": "c059", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s007", "end": "s007" }, "lemma": "我無為而民自化", "kind": "note", "text": "聖人言：我修道承天，無所改作，而民自化成也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "textSimp": "圣人言：我修道承天，无所改作，而民自化成也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本，参校《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "lemmaSimp": "我无为而民自化" }, { "id": "c060", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s007", "end": "s010" }, "lemma": "我無為而民自化", "kind": "note", "text": "上之所欲，民從之速也。我之所欲唯無欲，而民亦無欲而自樸也。此四者，崇本以息末也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本德經，參校魏源《老子本義》所引）", "textSimp": "上之所欲，民从之速也。我之所欲唯无欲，而民亦无欲而自朴也。此四者，崇本以息末也。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本德經，參校魏源《老子本義》所引）", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》（《道藏》本德经，参校魏源《老子本义》所引）", "lemmaSimp": "我无为而民自化" }, { "id": "c061", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s007", "end": "s007" }, "lemma": "我無為而民自化", "kind": "note", "text": "主上虚淡無為，下民化惡從善。老君自是聖人，撝謙托諸他聖，故《莊子》云『寓言十九』也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "textSimp": "主上虚淡无为，下民化恶从善。老君自是圣人，㧑谦托诸他圣，故《庄子》云『寓言十九』也。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "lemmaSimp": "我无为而民自化" }, { "id": "c062", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s007", "end": "s010" }, "lemma": "故聖人云", "kind": "note", "text": "故聖人云：我無為而民自化，我無事而民自富，我好靜而民自正，我無欲而民自樸。無為則清淨，故人自化；無事則不擾，故人自富；好靜則得化，故人自正；無欲則全和，故人自樸。此無事取天下。", "authorNote": "此為御注。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "故圣人云：我无为而民自化，我无事而民自富，我好静而民自正，我无欲而民自朴。无为则清净，故人自化；无事则不扰，故人自富；好静则得化，故人自正；无欲则全和，故人自朴。此无事取天下。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引御注御疏）（此為御注。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注。", "lemmaSimp": "故圣人云" }, { "id": "c063", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s007", "end": "s007" }, "lemma": "我無為而民自化", "kind": "note", "text": "此釋無事以取天下也。我謂聖人也。夫聖人之德，不尚伎巧；體道之主，所貴無為。無為者，無所禁忌；下化上之無為，故言而人自化。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "此释无事以取天下也。我谓圣人也。夫圣人之德，不尚伎巧；体道之主，所贵无为。无为者，无所禁忌；下化上之无为，故言而人自化。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "我无为而民自化" }, { "id": "c064", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s007", "end": "s010" }, "lemma": "故聖人云", "kind": "note", "text": "前忌諱下是四種有為之病，是故聖人說四種無為之藥，欲令除亂得化、去動之靜、家安俗樂、無事無為，付自然之運曰化，人皆知足曰富，履道無偏曰正，遺華處實曰樸。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "textSimp": "前忌讳下是四种有为之病，是故圣人说四种无为之药，欲令除乱得化、去动之静、家安俗乐、无事无为，付自然之运曰化，人皆知足曰富，履道无偏曰正，遗华处实曰朴。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "lemmaSimp": "故圣人云" }, { "id": "c065", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s008", "end": "s008" }, "lemma": "我好靜而民自正", "kind": "note", "text": "聖人言：我好靜，不言不教，民皆自忠正也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "textSimp": "圣人言：我好静，不言不教，民皆自忠正也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本，参校《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "lemmaSimp": "我好静而民自正" }, { "id": "c066", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s008", "end": "s008" }, "lemma": "我好靜而民自正", "kind": "note", "text": "在上好靜，不擾於民，民禀淳風，自歸正道。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "textSimp": "在上好静，不扰于民，民禀淳风，自归正道。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "lemmaSimp": "我好静而民自正" }, { "id": "c067", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s008", "end": "s008" }, "lemma": "我好靜而民自正", "kind": "note", "text": "人生而靜，天之性也。上好安靜，無以動摇，則下被君德，率性而自正也。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "人生而静，天之性也。上好安静，无以动摇，则下被君德，率性而自正也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "我好静而民自正" }, { "id": "c068", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s009", "end": "s009" }, "lemma": "我無事而民自富", "kind": "note", "text": "我無徭役徵召之事，民安其業，故皆自富也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "textSimp": "我无徭役征召之事，民安其业，故皆自富也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本，参校《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "lemmaSimp": "我无事而民自富" }, { "id": "c069", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s009", "end": "s009" }, "lemma": "我無事而民自富", "kind": "note", "text": "心既無為，迹又無事，四民各業，六合同軌，輕徭薄賦，不富何為？", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "textSimp": "心既无为，迹又无事，四民各业，六合同轨，轻徭薄赋，不富何为？", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "lemmaSimp": "我无事而民自富" }, { "id": "c070", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s009", "end": "s009" }, "lemma": "我無事而民自富", "kind": "note", "text": "上無賦斂，下不煩擾，耕田鑿井，家給人足，故而人自富也。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "上无赋敛，下不烦扰，耕田凿井，家给人足，故而人自富也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "我无事而民自富" }, { "id": "c071", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s010", "end": "s010" }, "lemma": "我無欲而民自樸", "kind": "note", "text": "我常無欲，去華文，徴服飾，民則隨我為多質朴也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "textSimp": "我常无欲，去华文，徴服饰，民则随我为多质朴也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本，参校《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "lemmaSimp": "我无欲而民自朴" }, { "id": "c072", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s010", "end": "s010" }, "lemma": "我無欲而民自樸", "kind": "note", "text": "君上寡欲少私，清廉潔素，則百姓知足守分，歸於淳樸也。自聖人以下數句，并釋無事取天下之意。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "textSimp": "君上寡欲少私，清廉洁素，则百姓知足守分，归于淳朴也。自圣人以下数句，并释无事取天下之意。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）", "lemmaSimp": "我无欲而民自朴" }, { "id": "c073", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s010", "end": "s010" }, "lemma": "我無欲而民自樸", "kind": "note", "text": "人君誠能内守沖和，外無營欲，則下之感化，自淳樸也。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "人君诚能内守冲和，外无营欲，则下之感化，自淳朴也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "我无欲而民自朴" }, { "id": "c074", "block": 0, "source": "lvhuiqing", "target": { "start": "s007", "end": "s010" }, "lemma": "我無為而民自化", "kind": "note", "text": "若然者，凡以有事取天下之過也。故聖人云：我無為而民自化，我好靜而民自正，我無事而民自富，我無欲而民自樸。此則取天下常以無事之證也。蓋我無為而民自化，我好靜而民自正，則民多利巧、奇物滋起、法令滋彰、盜賊多有，未之有也；我無事而民自富，我無欲而民自樸，則天下多忌諱而民彌貧、人多利器國家滋昏，亦未之有也。蓋其失之也由有事，故天下多忌諱而民彌貧，人多利器而國家滋昏；唯其如此，故民多利巧、奇物滋起、法令滋彰、盜賊多有也。其復之也由無為，故好靜：無為故民自化而絕巧棄利，奇物不起；好靜故民自正而盜賊無有；由無為好靜，故無事而無欲；以無事故民自富而無忌諱之貧；以無欲故民自樸而無利器之昏。其序然也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "呂惠卿《道德真經傳》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "若然者，凡以有事取天下之过也。故圣人云：我无为而民自化，我好静而民自正，我无事而民自富，我无欲而民自朴。此则取天下常以无事之证也。盖我无为而民自化，我好静而民自正，则民多利巧、奇物滋起、法令滋彰、盗贼多有，未之有也；我无事而民自富，我无欲而民自朴，则天下多忌讳而民弥贫、人多利器国家滋昏，亦未之有也。盖其失之也由有事，故天下多忌讳而民弥贫，人多利器而国家滋昏；唯其如此，故民多利巧、奇物滋起、法令滋彰、盗贼多有也。其复之也由无为，故好静：无为故民自化而绝巧弃利，奇物不起；好静故民自正而盗贼无有；由无为好静，故无事而无欲；以无事故民自富而无忌讳之贫；以无欲故民自朴而无利器之昏。其序然也。", "citationFull": "呂惠卿《道德真經傳》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "吕惠卿《道德真经传》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "我无为而民自化" }, { "id": "c075", "block": 0, "source": "wucheng", "target": { "start": "s007", "end": "s010" }, "lemma": "我無為而民自化", "kind": "note", "text": "又答上文無事可以取天下。無為、好靜、無欲，皆無事也。既無所事，何心致天下之嚮附？而民自然而化、自然而正、自然而富、自然而樸，其效如此，是以之取天下而有餘也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "吳澄《道德真經注》（《道藏》本）", "textSimp": "又答上文无事可以取天下。无为、好静、无欲，皆无事也。既无所事，何心致天下之向附？而民自然而化、自然而正、自然而富、自然而朴，其效如此，是以之取天下而有余也。", "citationFull": "吳澄《道德真經注》（《道藏》本）", "citationSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》（《道藏》本）", "lemmaSimp": "我无为而民自化" } ], "charNotes": [ { "id": "n001", "sentenceId": "s001", "start": 0, "end": 4, "char": "以正治國", "charSimp": "以正治国", "startSimp": 0, "endSimp": 4, "pinyin": "yǐ zhèng zhì guó", "gloss": "以正道治理國家。", "glossSimp": "以正道治理国家。", "general": "河上公以「以」為「至」，正身之人使至有國；王弼以道治國則國平、以正治國則奇正起；成玄英以政為名教法律；唐玄宗以政教理國；李榮以平均正直；陸希聲以正名不濫；吳澄以法制禁令；憨山以清淨無欲；王夫之以正必至奇。", "generalSimp": "河上公以「以」为「至」，正身之人使至有国；王弼以道治国则国平、以正治国则奇正起；成玄英以政为名教法律；唐玄宗以政教理国；李荣以平均正直；陆希声以正名不滥；吴澄以法制禁令；憨山以清净无欲；王夫之以正必至奇。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c001", "c004", "c005", "c006", "c009", "c010", "c014", "c017", "c020", "c021", "c022" ], "refsSimp": [ "c001", "c004", "c005", "c006", "c009", "c010", "c014", "c017", "c020", "c021", "c022" ] }, { "id": "n002", "sentenceId": "s001", "start": 5, "end": 9, "char": "以奇用兵", "charSimp": "以奇用兵", "startSimp": 5, "endSimp": 9, "pinyin": "yǐ qí yòng bīng", "gloss": "用奇詐指揮用兵。", "glossSimp": "用奇诈指挥用兵。", "general": "河上公以詐僞之人使用兵；王弼以正治國則奇正起、必至奇兵；成玄英以奇為譎詐；唐玄宗以奇為變詐、兵猶火不戢將自焚；李榮以兵不厭詐；陸希聲以奇謀不窮；呂惠卿以奇者應一時之變；蘇轍以不得已然後有征伐；吳澄以孫吳權謀詭詐；憨山以奇巧詐術只可用兵；王夫之以治國必至用兵。", "generalSimp": "河上公以诈伪之人使用兵；王弼以正治国则奇正起、必至奇兵；成玄英以奇为谲诈；唐玄宗以奇为变诈、兵犹火不戢将自焚；李荣以兵不厌诈；陆希声以奇谋不穷；吕惠卿以奇者应一时之变；苏辙以不得已然后有征伐；吴澄以孙吴权谋诡诈；憨山以奇巧诈术只可用兵；王夫之以治国必至用兵。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c002", "c007", "c011", "c015", "c017", "c018", "c019", "c020", "c021", "c022" ], "refsSimp": [ "c002", "c007", "c011", "c015", "c017", "c018", "c019", "c020", "c021", "c022" ] }, { "id": "n003", "sentenceId": "s001", "start": 11, "end": 13, "char": "無事", "charSimp": "无事", "startSimp": 11, "endSimp": 13, "pinyin": "wú shì", "gloss": "不擾民、不生事。", "glossSimp": "不扰民、不生事。", "general": "河上公以無事無為之人取天下；王弼以無事則能取天下；成玄英以凝神垂拱；唐玄宗以無為則無事、無事則不煩；李榮以垂旒塞耳；陸希聲以取天下之心莫過於無事；呂惠卿以有事不足以取天下；蘇轍以廓然無事而天下歸之；吳澄以三皇無為之治；憨山以無事則民得安其生；王夫之以正所正而我不治。", "generalSimp": "河上公以无事无为之人取天下；王弼以无事则能取天下；成玄英以凝神垂拱；唐玄宗以无为则无事、无事则不烦；李荣以垂旒塞耳；陆希声以取天下之心莫过于无事；吕惠卿以有事不足以取天下；苏辙以廓然无事而天下归之；吴澄以三皇无为之治；憨山以无事则民得安其生；王夫之以正所正而我不治。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c003", "c004", "c008", "c012", "c016", "c017", "c019", "c020", "c021", "c022" ], "refsSimp": [ "c003", "c004", "c008", "c012", "c016", "c017", "c019", "c020", "c021", "c022" ] }, { "id": "n004", "sentenceId": "s002", "start": 8, "end": 10, "char": "以此", "charSimp": "以此", "startSimp": 8, "endSimp": 10, "pinyin": "yǐ cǐ", "gloss": "憑以下所述。", "glossSimp": "凭以下所述。", "general": "河上公以此為今日所見；成玄英以用此下文觀之則知；唐玄宗御注以此下文知之、御疏以多忌諱則人彌貧為驗；李榮以我無為人自化、我無事人自富為證；魏源存校記；吳澄以設問起下文之答。", "generalSimp": "河上公以此为今日所见；成玄英以用此下文观之则知；唐玄宗御注以此下文知之、御疏以多忌讳则人弥贫为验；李荣以我无为人自化、我无事人自富为证；魏源存校记；吴澄以设问起下文之答。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c023", "c024", "c025", "c026", "c027", "c028", "c029" ], "refsSimp": [ "c023", "c024", "c025", "c026", "c027", "c028", "c029" ] }, { "id": "n005", "sentenceId": "s003", "start": 3, "end": 5, "char": "忌諱", "charSimp": "忌讳", "startSimp": 3, "endSimp": 5, "pinyin": "jì huì", "gloss": "禁令避諱。", "glossSimp": "禁令避讳。", "general": "河上公以防禁釋之，令煩姦生、禁多下詐；王弼以多忌諱欲以恥貧而民彌貧；成玄英以禁制、刑法嚴酷；唐玄宗以政煩網密；李榮以政煩網密、人勞人懼；蘇轍以下情不上達；吳澄以畏避防禁嚴密。", "generalSimp": "河上公以防禁释之，令烦奸生、禁多下诈；王弼以多忌讳欲以耻贫而民弥贫；成玄英以禁制、刑法严酷；唐玄宗以政烦网密；李荣以政烦网密、人劳人惧；苏辙以下情不上达；吴澄以畏避防禁严密。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c030", "c031", "c032", "c033", "c034", "c035", "c036", "c037" ], "refsSimp": [ "c030", "c031", "c032", "c033", "c034", "c035", "c036", "c037" ] }, { "id": "n006", "sentenceId": "s003", "start": 8, "end": 10, "char": "彌貧", "charSimp": "弥贫", "startSimp": 8, "endSimp": 10, "pinyin": "mí pín", "gloss": "更加貧困。", "glossSimp": "更加贫困。", "general": "河上公以令煩禁多故貧；王弼以舍本治末；成玄英以民不安業；唐玄宗以人失作業、動失生業；李榮以從法妨業；蘇轍以民貧而無告；吳澄以民一舉手摇足輒陷罪戾而趨於貧。", "generalSimp": "河上公以令烦禁多故贫；王弼以舍本治末；成玄英以民不安业；唐玄宗以人失作业、动失生业；李荣以从法妨业；苏辙以民贫而无告；吴澄以民一举手摇足辄陷罪戾而趋于贫。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c030", "c031", "c032", "c033", "c034", "c035", "c036", "c037" ], "refsSimp": [ "c030", "c031", "c032", "c033", "c034", "c035", "c036", "c037" ] }, { "id": "n007", "sentenceId": "s004", "start": 2, "end": 4, "char": "利器", "charSimp": "利器", "startSimp": 2, "endSimp": 4, "pinyin": "lì qì", "gloss": "權謀；一說利便於民之器。", "glossSimp": "权谋；一说利便于民之器。", "general": "河上公以權釋之，民多權則上下不親；王弼以利己之器，民强則國弱；成玄英以干戈；唐玄宗以權謀；李榮以機權兵器；蘇轍以權謀；吳澄以利便於民之器。", "generalSimp": "河上公以权释之，民多权则上下不亲；王弼以利己之器，民强则国弱；成玄英以干戈；唐玄宗以权谋；李荣以机权兵器；苏辙以权谋；吴澄以利便于民之器。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c031", "c037", "c038", "c039", "c040", "c041", "c042", "c043", "c044" ], "refsSimp": [ "c031", "c037", "c038", "c039", "c040", "c041", "c042", "c043", "c044" ] }, { "id": "n008", "sentenceId": "s004", "start": 7, "end": 9, "char": "滋昏", "charSimp": "滋昏", "startSimp": 7, "endSimp": 9, "pinyin": "zī hūn", "gloss": "更加昏亂。", "glossSimp": "更加昏乱。", "general": "河上公以視眩耳惑、上下不親；王弼以民强則國家弱；成玄英以荒亂日甚、心喪神昏；唐玄宗以權謀多則下應以譎詐；李榮以人多執權恐至亂；蘇轍以上眩而昏；吳澄以國家黯無精采。", "generalSimp": "河上公以视眩耳惑、上下不亲；王弼以民强则国家弱；成玄英以荒乱日甚、心丧神昏；唐玄宗以权谋多则下应以谲诈；李荣以人多执权恐至乱；苏辙以上眩而昏；吴澄以国家黯无精采。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c031", "c037", "c038", "c039", "c040", "c041", "c042", "c043", "c044" ], "refsSimp": [ "c031", "c037", "c038", "c039", "c040", "c041", "c042", "c043", "c044" ] }, { "id": "n009", "sentenceId": "s005", "start": 2, "end": 4, "char": "伎巧", "charSimp": "伎巧", "startSimp": 2, "endSimp": 4, "pinyin": "jì qiǎo", "gloss": "機巧伎倆。", "glossSimp": "机巧伎俩。", "general": "河上公以刻畫宮觀、彫琢章服；王弼以民多智慧則巧偽生；成玄英以機心；唐玄宗以浮華奢泰；李榮以奇巧異物；蘇轍以趨末伎；吳澄以造作利器之工；呂惠卿以多利巧。", "generalSimp": "河上公以刻画宫观、雕琢章服；王弼以民多智慧则巧伪生；成玄英以机心；唐玄宗以浮华奢泰；李荣以奇巧异物；苏辙以趋末伎；吴澄以造作利器之工；吕惠卿以多利巧。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c018", "c037", "c045", "c046", "c047", "c048", "c049", "c050", "c051" ], "refsSimp": [ "c018", "c037", "c045", "c046", "c047", "c048", "c049", "c050", "c051" ] }, { "id": "n010", "sentenceId": "s005", "start": 5, "end": 7, "char": "奇物", "charSimp": "奇物", "startSimp": 5, "endSimp": 7, "pinyin": "qí wù", "gloss": "奇異之物；一說戰具。", "glossSimp": "奇异之物；一说战具。", "general": "河上公以奇物滋起、下則化上；王弼以巧偽生則邪事起；成玄英以戰具、機械非一；唐玄宗以刻鏤雕琢、寶貨珍玩；李榮以異物生；蘇轍以非常無益之物；吳澄以售奇僞之物；呂惠卿以奇物滋起。", "generalSimp": "河上公以奇物滋起、下则化上；王弼以巧伪生则邪事起；成玄英以战具、机械非一；唐玄宗以刻镂雕琢、宝货珍玩；李荣以异物生；苏辙以非常无益之物；吴澄以售奇伪之物；吕惠卿以奇物滋起。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c018", "c037", "c045", "c046", "c047", "c048", "c049", "c050", "c051" ], "refsSimp": [ "c018", "c037", "c045", "c046", "c047", "c048", "c049", "c050", "c051" ] }, { "id": "n011", "sentenceId": "s006", "start": 2, "end": 4, "char": "滋彰", "charSimp": "滋彰", "startSimp": 2, "endSimp": 4, "pinyin": "zī zhāng", "gloss": "更加繁密彰明。", "glossSimp": "更加繁密彰明。", "general": "河上公作法物滋彰，謂珍好之物滋生彰著；王弼以舍本治末；成玄英以刑名彰著、法令滋繁；唐玄宗以法令益明、竊法為奸；李榮以法所以息盜而盜更多；蘇轍以法令多而民無所措手足。", "generalSimp": "河上公作法物滋彰，谓珍好之物滋生彰着；王弼以舍本治末；成玄英以刑名彰着、法令滋繁；唐玄宗以法令益明、窃法为奸；李荣以法所以息盗而盗更多；苏辙以法令多而民无所措手足。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c031", "c052", "c053", "c054", "c055", "c056", "c057" ], "refsSimp": [ "c031", "c052", "c053", "c054", "c055", "c056", "c057" ] }, { "id": "n012", "sentenceId": "s006", "start": 5, "end": 7, "char": "盜賊", "charSimp": "盗贼", "startSimp": 5, "endSimp": 7, "pinyin": "dào zéi", "gloss": "盜竊賊寇。", "glossSimp": "盗窃贼寇。", "general": "河上公以農事廢、飢寒並至；成玄英以逃竄者多、因生濫竊；唐玄宗以竊法為奸；李榮以多貴金玉、盜賊斯起；蘇轍以民日入於盜賊；陸希聲以法令滋彰而盜賊多有；憨山以貪愈甚而盜賊生。", "generalSimp": "河上公以农事废、饥寒并至；成玄英以逃窜者多、因生滥窃；唐玄宗以窃法为奸；李荣以多贵金玉、盗贼斯起；苏辙以民日入于盗贼；陆希声以法令滋彰而盗贼多有；憨山以贪愈甚而盗贼生。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c017", "c021", "c052", "c053", "c054", "c055", "c056", "c057" ], "refsSimp": [ "c017", "c021", "c052", "c053", "c054", "c055", "c056", "c057" ] }, { "id": "n013", "sentenceId": "s007", "start": 10, "end": 12, "char": "自化", "charSimp": "自化", "startSimp": 10, "endSimp": 12, "pinyin": "zì huà", "gloss": "自然歸化。", "glossSimp": "自然归化。", "general": "河上公以修道承天、無所改作；王弼以四句為崇本息末；成玄英以主上虚淡、下民化惡從善；唐玄宗以無為則清淨；李榮以付自然之運曰化；陸希聲以人遂其生；呂惠卿以無為故民自化而絕巧棄利；吳澄以自然而化；憨山以四句為古聖人之言。", "generalSimp": "河上公以修道承天、无所改作；王弼以四句为崇本息末；成玄英以主上虚淡、下民化恶从善；唐玄宗以无为则清净；李荣以付自然之运曰化；陆希声以人遂其生；吕惠卿以无为故民自化而绝巧弃利；吴澄以自然而化；憨山以四句为古圣人之言。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c017", "c021", "c058", "c059", "c060", "c061", "c062", "c063", "c064" ], "refsSimp": [ "c017", "c021", "c058", "c059", "c060", "c061", "c062", "c063", "c064" ] }, { "id": "n014", "sentenceId": "s008", "start": 5, "end": 7, "char": "自正", "charSimp": "自正", "startSimp": 5, "endSimp": 7, "pinyin": "zì zhèng", "gloss": "自然端正。", "glossSimp": "自然端正。", "general": "河上公以不言不教、民皆自忠正；王弼以崇本息末；成玄英以好靜不擾、民禀淳風；唐玄宗以好靜則得化；李榮以履道無偏曰正；陸希聲以人保天真；呂惠卿以好靜故民自正而盜賊無有；吳澄以自然而正。", "generalSimp": "河上公以不言不教、民皆自忠正；王弼以崇本息末；成玄英以好静不扰、民禀淳风；唐玄宗以好静则得化；李荣以履道无偏曰正；陆希声以人保天真；吕惠卿以好静故民自正而盗贼无有；吴澄以自然而正。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c060", "c062", "c064", "c065", "c066", "c067" ], "refsSimp": [ "c060", "c062", "c064", "c065", "c066", "c067" ] }, { "id": "n015", "sentenceId": "s009", "start": 5, "end": 7, "char": "自富", "charSimp": "自富", "startSimp": 5, "endSimp": 7, "pinyin": "zì fù", "gloss": "自然富足。", "glossSimp": "自然富足。", "general": "河上公以無徭役徵召、民安其業；王弼以崇本息末；成玄英以心無為、迹無事、輕徭薄賦；唐玄宗以無事則不擾；李榮以人皆知足曰富；陸希聲以民復其業；呂惠卿以無事故民自富；吳澄以自然而富。", "generalSimp": "河上公以无徭役征召、民安其业；王弼以崇本息末；成玄英以心无为、迹无事、轻徭薄赋；唐玄宗以无事则不扰；李荣以人皆知足曰富；陆希声以民复其业；吕惠卿以无事故民自富；吴澄以自然而富。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c060", "c062", "c064", "c068", "c069", "c070" ], "refsSimp": [ "c060", "c062", "c064", "c068", "c069", "c070" ] }, { "id": "n016", "sentenceId": "s010", "start": 5, "end": 7, "char": "自樸", "charSimp": "自朴", "startSimp": 5, "endSimp": 7, "pinyin": "zì pǔ", "gloss": "自然淳樸。", "glossSimp": "自然淳朴。", "general": "河上公以我常無欲、去華文；王弼以我之所欲唯無欲而民亦無欲；成玄英以寡欲少私、百姓知足守分；唐玄宗以無欲則全和；李榮以遺華處實曰樸；陸希聲以人絕夸企之情；呂惠卿以無欲故民自樸；吳澄以自然而樸。", "generalSimp": "河上公以我常无欲、去华文；王弼以我之所欲唯无欲而民亦无欲；成玄英以寡欲少私、百姓知足守分；唐玄宗以无欲则全和；李荣以遗华处实曰朴；陆希声以人绝夸企之情；吕惠卿以无欲故民自朴；吴澄以自然而朴。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c060", "c062", "c064", "c071", "c072", "c073", "c074", "c075" ], "refsSimp": [ "c060", "c062", "c064", "c071", "c072", "c073", "c074", "c075" ] } ], "glossary": { "淳風": "河上公本章章題。", "以政治國章": "《玄德纂疏》本章章題。", "以正治國章": "蘇轍、呂惠卿本章章題。", "以正治國": "用正道治理國家。", "以政": "《玄德纂疏》章題及御注御疏所作用字；政謂政教。", "以奇用兵": "用奇詐指揮用兵。", "奇": "奇詐、權變。", "以無事取天下": "以無為不擾取得天下。", "無事": "不擾民、不生事。", "以此": "憑以下所述。", "忌諱": "禁令避諱。", "彌貧": "更加貧困。", "利器": "權謀；一說利便於民之器。", "滋昏": "更加昏亂。", "伎巧": "機巧伎倆。", "技巧": "諸本異文，義同伎巧。", "奇物": "奇異之物；一說戰具。", "滋彰": "更加繁密彰明。", "法物": "河上公作「法物」，謂珍好之物。", "盜賊": "盜竊賊寇。", "自化": "自然歸化。", "自正": "自然端正。", "自富": "自然富足。", "自樸": "自然淳樸。", "傅奕": "傅奕《道德經古本》；魏源校記引其異文。", "焦竑": "明代學者；魏源校記引其校本。", "三墳": "陸希聲謂聖人所舉之言蓋《三墳》之文。", "文王之囿": "憨山引以說明忌諱；文王園囿與民共之。", "三略": "李榮引兵書語。", "孫吳": "孫武、吳起；吳澄謂以奇用兵者。", "管商": "管仲、商鞅；吳澄謂以正治國者。" }, "collations": [ { "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "章次與章題", "text": "王弼本無章題。河上公題「淳風第五十七」；《玄德纂疏》題「以政治國章第五十七」；蘇轍、呂惠卿題「以正治國章第五十七」；吳澄以此章合王弼第五十八章為其第四十九章；魏源以此章與下章合為其第五十章；王夫之標「五十七章」。本站從王弼本分章。", "source": "河上公《老子道德經章句》、王弼《老子道德經注》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、魏源《老子本義》、王夫之《老子衍》", "textSimp": "王弼本无章题。河上公题「淳风第五十七」；《玄德纂疏》题「以政治国章第五十七」；苏辙、吕惠卿题「以正治国章第五十七」；吴澄以此章合王弼第五十八章为其第四十九章；魏源以此章与下章合为其第五十章；王夫之标「五十七章」。本站从王弼本分章。", "headwordSimp": "章次与章题", "sourceSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》、王弼《老子道德经注》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、李荣《道德真经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、魏源《老子本义》、王夫之《老子衍》", "id": "k001" }, { "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "「以正」與「以政」", "text": "王弼、河上公、陸希聲、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山、魏源、王夫之正文並作「以正治國」；《玄德纂疏》章題及所引御注御疏作「以政治國」，傅奕亦作「政」；魏源校記云「正，傅奕作政」。本站從王弼作「以正」。", "source": "王弼《老子道德經注》、河上公《老子道德經章句》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》、王夫之《老子衍》", "textSimp": 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"王弼、河上公、苏辙、吴澄、魏源、王夫之正文作化、正、富、朴；《玄德纂疏》所引御注、陆希声、吕惠卿作化、富、正、朴。本站从王弼本次序。", "headwordSimp": "四句次序", "sourceSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》、河上公《老子道德经章句》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、李荣《道德真经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》、王夫之《老子衍》", "id": "k007" }, { "sentenceId": "s010", "headword": "傅奕多「我無情而民自清」句", "text": "魏源校記云傅奕「我無欲而民自樸」下有「我無情而民自清」句；諸本皆無，本站不取。", "source": "魏源《老子本義》、傅奕《道德經古本》（據魏源校記所引）", "textSimp": "魏源校记云傅奕「我无欲而民自朴」下有「我无情而民自清」句；诸本皆无，本站不取。", "headwordSimp": "傅奕多「我无情而民自清」句", "sourceSimp": "魏源《老子本义》、傅奕《道德经古本》（据魏源校记所引）", "id": "k008" }, { "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "出處與注數", "text": "河上公據四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引；成玄英、唐玄宗御注御疏、嚴遵、李榮據《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引；王弼、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄據《道藏》本；憨山、魏源、王夫之據公開轉錄本。河上公十三條、王弼六條、成玄英十二條、唐玄宗御注御疏十九條、嚴遵一條、李榮九條、陸希聲一段、呂惠卿二段、蘇轍五條、吳澄四條、憨山一段、魏源一條、王夫之一段。俞樾《諸子平議》此章未列。", "source": "河上公《老子道德經章句》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、嚴遵《道德真經指歸》、李榮《道德真經注》（以上成玄英、唐玄宗、嚴遵、李榮據《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）、王弼《老子道德經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》、王夫之《老子衍》", "textSimp": "河上公据四部丛刊本，参校《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引；成玄英、唐玄宗御注御疏、严遵、李荣据《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引；王弼、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄据《道藏》本；憨山、魏源、王夫之据公开转录本。河上公十三条、王弼六条、成玄英十二条、唐玄宗御注御疏十九条、严遵一条、李荣九条、陆希声一段、吕惠卿二段、苏辙五条、吴澄四条、憨山一段、魏源一条、王夫之一段。俞樾《诸子平议》此章未列。", "headwordSimp": "出处与注数", "sourceSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、严遵《道德真经指归》、李荣《道德真经注》（以上成玄英、唐玄宗、严遵、李荣据《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引）、王弼《老子道德经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》、王夫之《老子衍》", "id": "k009" } ], "glossarySimp": { "淳风": "河上公本章章题。", "以政治国章": "《玄德纂疏》本章章题。", "以正治国章": "苏辙、吕惠卿本章章题。", "以正治国": "用正道治理国家。", "以政": "《玄德纂疏》章题及御注御疏所作用字；政谓政教。", "以奇用兵": "用奇诈指挥用兵。", "奇": "奇诈、权变。", "以无事取天下": "以无为不扰取得天下。", "无事": "不扰民、不生事。", "以此": "凭以下所述。", "忌讳": "禁令避讳。", "弥贫": "更加贫困。", "利器": "权谋；一说利便于民之器。", "滋昏": "更加昏乱。", "伎巧": "机巧伎俩。", "技巧": "诸本异文，义同伎巧。", "奇物": "奇异之物；一说战具。", "滋彰": "更加繁密彰明。", "法物": "河上公作「法物」，谓珍好之物。", "盗贼": "盗窃贼寇。", "自化": "自然归化。", "自正": "自然端正。", "自富": "自然富足。", "自朴": "自然淳朴。", "傅奕": "傅奕《道德经古本》；魏源校记引其异文。", "焦竑": "明代学者；魏源校记引其校本。", "三坟": "陆希声谓圣人所举之言盖《三坟》之文。", "文王之囿": "憨山引以说明忌讳；文王园囿与民共之。", "三略": "李荣引兵书语。", "孙吴": "孙武、吴起；吴澄谓以奇用兵者。", "管商": "管仲、商鞅；吴澄谓以正治国者。" }, "lexicon": { "note": "由构建脚本从字词注与常用字表生成，供义位词典和开放数据集使用；occurrence 统计按繁体与简体正文分别匹配后合并。", "entries": [ { "order": 1, "id": "n001", "noteId": "n001", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "以正治國", "headwordSimp": "以正治国", "pinyin": "yǐ zhèng zhì guó", "gloss": "以正道治理國家。", "glossSimp": "以正道治理国家。", "general": "河上公以「以」為「至」，正身之人使至有國；王弼以道治國則國平、以正治國則奇正起；成玄英以政為名教法律；唐玄宗以政教理國；李榮以平均正直；陸希聲以正名不濫；吳澄以法制禁令；憨山以清淨無欲；王夫之以正必至奇。", "generalSimp": "河上公以「以」为「至」，正身之人使至有国；王弼以道治国则国平、以正治国则奇正起；成玄英以政为名教法律；唐玄宗以政教理国；李荣以平均正直；陆希声以正名不滥；吴澄以法制禁令；憨山以清净无欲；王夫之以正必至奇。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c001", "c004", "c005", "c006", "c009", "c010", "c014", "c017", "c020", "c021", "c022" ], "refsSimp": [ "c001", "c004", "c005", "c006", "c009", "c010", "c014", "c017", "c020", "c021", "c022" ], "forms": [ { "form": "以正治國", "formSimp": "以正治国", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, 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shì", "gloss": "不擾民、不生事。", "glossSimp": "不扰民、不生事。", "general": "河上公以無事無為之人取天下；王弼以無事則能取天下；成玄英以凝神垂拱；唐玄宗以無為則無事、無事則不煩；李榮以垂旒塞耳；陸希聲以取天下之心莫過於無事；呂惠卿以有事不足以取天下；蘇轍以廓然無事而天下歸之；吳澄以三皇無為之治；憨山以無事則民得安其生；王夫之以正所正而我不治。", "generalSimp": "河上公以无事无为之人取天下；王弼以无事则能取天下；成玄英以凝神垂拱；唐玄宗以无为则无事、无事则不烦；李荣以垂旒塞耳；陆希声以取天下之心莫过于无事；吕惠卿以有事不足以取天下；苏辙以廓然无事而天下归之；吴澄以三皇无为之治；憨山以无事则民得安其生；王夫之以正所正而我不治。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c003", "c004", "c008", "c012", "c016", "c017", "c019", "c020", "c021", "c022" ], "refsSimp": [ "c003", "c004", "c008", "c012", "c016", "c017", "c019", "c020", "c021", "c022" ], "forms": [ { "form": "無事", "formSimp": "无事", "kind": "headword", "count": 2, "sentenceIds": [ "s001", "s009" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001", "s009" ], "occurrenceCount": 2 }, { "order": 4, "id": "n004", "noteId": "n004", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "以此", "headwordSimp": "以此", "pinyin": "yǐ cǐ", "gloss": "憑以下所述。", "glossSimp": "凭以下所述。", "general": "河上公以此為今日所見；成玄英以用此下文觀之則知；唐玄宗御注以此下文知之、御疏以多忌諱則人彌貧為驗；李榮以我無為人自化、我無事人自富為證；魏源存校記；吳澄以設問起下文之答。", "generalSimp": "河上公以此为今日所见；成玄英以用此下文观之则知；唐玄宗御注以此下文知之、御疏以多忌讳则人弥贫为验；李荣以我无为人自化、我无事人自富为证；魏源存校记；吴澄以设问起下文之答。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c023", "c024", "c025", "c026", "c027", "c028", "c029" ], "refsSimp": [ "c023", "c024", "c025", "c026", "c027", "c028", "c029" ], "forms": [ { "form": "以此", "formSimp": "以此", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 5, "id": "n005", "noteId": "n005", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "忌諱", "headwordSimp": "忌讳", "pinyin": "jì huì", "gloss": "禁令避諱。", "glossSimp": "禁令避讳。", "general": "河上公以防禁釋之，令煩姦生、禁多下詐；王弼以多忌諱欲以恥貧而民彌貧；成玄英以禁制、刑法嚴酷；唐玄宗以政煩網密；李榮以政煩網密、人勞人懼；蘇轍以下情不上達；吳澄以畏避防禁嚴密。", "generalSimp": "河上公以防禁释之，令烦奸生、禁多下诈；王弼以多忌讳欲以耻贫而民弥贫；成玄英以禁制、刑法严酷；唐玄宗以政烦网密；李荣以政烦网密、人劳人惧；苏辙以下情不上达；吴澄以畏避防禁严密。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c030", "c031", "c032", "c033", "c034", "c035", "c036", "c037" ], "refsSimp": [ "c030", "c031", "c032", "c033", "c034", "c035", "c036", "c037" ], "forms": [ { "form": "忌諱", "formSimp": "忌讳", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 6, "id": "n006", "noteId": "n006", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "彌貧", "headwordSimp": "弥贫", "pinyin": "mí pín", "gloss": "更加貧困。", "glossSimp": "更加贫困。", "general": "河上公以令煩禁多故貧；王弼以舍本治末；成玄英以民不安業；唐玄宗以人失作業、動失生業；李榮以從法妨業；蘇轍以民貧而無告；吳澄以民一舉手摇足輒陷罪戾而趨於貧。", "generalSimp": "河上公以令烦禁多故贫；王弼以舍本治末；成玄英以民不安业；唐玄宗以人失作业、动失生业；李荣以从法妨业；苏辙以民贫而无告；吴澄以民一举手摇足辄陷罪戾而趋于贫。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c030", "c031", "c032", "c033", "c034", "c035", "c036", "c037" ], "refsSimp": [ "c030", "c031", "c032", "c033", "c034", "c035", "c036", "c037" ], "forms": [ { "form": "彌貧", "formSimp": "弥贫", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 7, "id": "n007", "noteId": "n007", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "利器", "headwordSimp": "利器", "pinyin": "lì qì", "gloss": "權謀；一說利便於民之器。", "glossSimp": "权谋；一说利便于民之器。", "general": "河上公以權釋之，民多權則上下不親；王弼以利己之器，民强則國弱；成玄英以干戈；唐玄宗以權謀；李榮以機權兵器；蘇轍以權謀；吳澄以利便於民之器。", "generalSimp": "河上公以权释之，民多权则上下不亲；王弼以利己之器，民强则国弱；成玄英以干戈；唐玄宗以权谋；李荣以机权兵器；苏辙以权谋；吴澄以利便于民之器。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c031", "c037", "c038", "c039", "c040", "c041", "c042", "c043", "c044" ], "refsSimp": [ "c031", "c037", "c038", "c039", "c040", "c041", "c042", "c043", "c044" ], "forms": [ { "form": "利器", "formSimp": "利器", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 8, "id": "n008", "noteId": "n008", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "滋昏", "headwordSimp": "滋昏", "pinyin": "zī hūn", "gloss": "更加昏亂。", "glossSimp": "更加昏乱。", "general": "河上公以視眩耳惑、上下不親；王弼以民强則國家弱；成玄英以荒亂日甚、心喪神昏；唐玄宗以權謀多則下應以譎詐；李榮以人多執權恐至亂；蘇轍以上眩而昏；吳澄以國家黯無精采。", "generalSimp": "河上公以视眩耳惑、上下不亲；王弼以民强则国家弱；成玄英以荒乱日甚、心丧神昏；唐玄宗以权谋多则下应以谲诈；李荣以人多执权恐至乱；苏辙以上眩而昏；吴澄以国家黯无精采。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c031", "c037", "c038", "c039", "c040", "c041", "c042", "c043", "c044" ], "refsSimp": [ "c031", "c037", "c038", "c039", "c040", "c041", "c042", "c043", "c044" ], "forms": [ { "form": "滋昏", "formSimp": "滋昏", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 9, "id": "n009", "noteId": "n009", "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "伎巧", "headwordSimp": "伎巧", "pinyin": "jì qiǎo", "gloss": "機巧伎倆。", "glossSimp": "机巧伎俩。", "general": "河上公以刻畫宮觀、彫琢章服；王弼以民多智慧則巧偽生；成玄英以機心；唐玄宗以浮華奢泰；李榮以奇巧異物；蘇轍以趨末伎；吳澄以造作利器之工；呂惠卿以多利巧。", "generalSimp": "河上公以刻画宫观、雕琢章服；王弼以民多智慧则巧伪生；成玄英以机心；唐玄宗以浮华奢泰；李荣以奇巧异物；苏辙以趋末伎；吴澄以造作利器之工；吕惠卿以多利巧。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c018", "c037", "c045", "c046", "c047", "c048", "c049", "c050", "c051" ], "refsSimp": [ "c018", "c037", "c045", "c046", "c047", "c048", "c049", "c050", "c051" ], "forms": [ { "form": "伎巧", "formSimp": "伎巧", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s005" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s005" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 10, "id": "n010", "noteId": "n010", "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "奇物", "headwordSimp": "奇物", "pinyin": "qí wù", "gloss": "奇異之物；一說戰具。", "glossSimp": "奇异之物；一说战具。", "general": "河上公以奇物滋起、下則化上；王弼以巧偽生則邪事起；成玄英以戰具、機械非一；唐玄宗以刻鏤雕琢、寶貨珍玩；李榮以異物生；蘇轍以非常無益之物；吳澄以售奇僞之物；呂惠卿以奇物滋起。", "generalSimp": "河上公以奇物滋起、下则化上；王弼以巧伪生则邪事起；成玄英以战具、机械非一；唐玄宗以刻镂雕琢、宝货珍玩；李荣以异物生；苏辙以非常无益之物；吴澄以售奇伪之物；吕惠卿以奇物滋起。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c018", "c037", "c045", "c046", "c047", "c048", "c049", "c050", "c051" ], "refsSimp": [ "c018", "c037", "c045", "c046", "c047", "c048", "c049", "c050", "c051" ], "forms": [ { "form": "奇物", "formSimp": "奇物", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s005" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s005" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 11, "id": "n011", "noteId": "n011", "sentenceId": "s006", "headword": "滋彰", "headwordSimp": "滋彰", "pinyin": "zī zhāng", "gloss": "更加繁密彰明。", "glossSimp": "更加繁密彰明。", "general": "河上公作法物滋彰，謂珍好之物滋生彰著；王弼以舍本治末；成玄英以刑名彰著、法令滋繁；唐玄宗以法令益明、竊法為奸；李榮以法所以息盜而盜更多；蘇轍以法令多而民無所措手足。", "generalSimp": "河上公作法物滋彰，谓珍好之物滋生彰着；王弼以舍本治末；成玄英以刑名彰着、法令滋繁；唐玄宗以法令益明、窃法为奸；李荣以法所以息盗而盗更多；苏辙以法令多而民无所措手足。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c031", "c052", "c053", "c054", "c055", "c056", "c057" ], "refsSimp": [ "c031", "c052", "c053", "c054", "c055", "c056", "c057" ], "forms": [ { "form": "滋彰", "formSimp": "滋彰", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s006" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s006" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 12, "id": "n012", "noteId": "n012", "sentenceId": "s006", "headword": "盜賊", "headwordSimp": "盗贼", "pinyin": "dào zéi", "gloss": "盜竊賊寇。", "glossSimp": "盗窃贼寇。", "general": "河上公以農事廢、飢寒並至；成玄英以逃竄者多、因生濫竊；唐玄宗以竊法為奸；李榮以多貴金玉、盜賊斯起；蘇轍以民日入於盜賊；陸希聲以法令滋彰而盜賊多有；憨山以貪愈甚而盜賊生。", "generalSimp": "河上公以农事废、饥寒并至；成玄英以逃窜者多、因生滥窃；唐玄宗以窃法为奸；李荣以多贵金玉、盗贼斯起；苏辙以民日入于盗贼；陆希声以法令滋彰而盗贼多有；憨山以贪愈甚而盗贼生。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c017", "c021", "c052", "c053", "c054", "c055", "c056", "c057" ], "refsSimp": [ "c017", "c021", "c052", "c053", "c054", "c055", "c056", "c057" ], "forms": [ { "form": "盜賊", "formSimp": "盗贼", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s006" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s006" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 13, "id": "n013", "noteId": "n013", "sentenceId": "s007", "headword": "自化", "headwordSimp": "自化", "pinyin": "zì huà", "gloss": "自然歸化。", "glossSimp": "自然归化。", "general": "河上公以修道承天、無所改作；王弼以四句為崇本息末；成玄英以主上虚淡、下民化惡從善；唐玄宗以無為則清淨；李榮以付自然之運曰化；陸希聲以人遂其生；呂惠卿以無為故民自化而絕巧棄利；吳澄以自然而化；憨山以四句為古聖人之言。", "generalSimp": "河上公以修道承天、无所改作；王弼以四句为崇本息末；成玄英以主上虚淡、下民化恶从善；唐玄宗以无为则清净；李荣以付自然之运曰化；陆希声以人遂其生；吕惠卿以无为故民自化而绝巧弃利；吴澄以自然而化；憨山以四句为古圣人之言。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c017", "c021", "c058", "c059", "c060", "c061", "c062", "c063", "c064" ], "refsSimp": [ "c017", "c021", "c058", "c059", "c060", "c061", "c062", "c063", "c064" ], "forms": [ { "form": "自化", "formSimp": "自化", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s007" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s007" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 14, "id": "n014", "noteId": "n014", "sentenceId": "s008", "headword": "自正", "headwordSimp": "自正", "pinyin": "zì zhèng", "gloss": "自然端正。", "glossSimp": "自然端正。", "general": "河上公以不言不教、民皆自忠正；王弼以崇本息末；成玄英以好靜不擾、民禀淳風；唐玄宗以好靜則得化；李榮以履道無偏曰正；陸希聲以人保天真；呂惠卿以好靜故民自正而盜賊無有；吳澄以自然而正。", "generalSimp": "河上公以不言不教、民皆自忠正；王弼以崇本息末；成玄英以好静不扰、民禀淳风；唐玄宗以好静则得化；李荣以履道无偏曰正；陆希声以人保天真；吕惠卿以好静故民自正而盗贼无有；吴澄以自然而正。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c060", "c062", "c064", "c065", "c066", "c067" ], "refsSimp": [ "c060", "c062", "c064", "c065", "c066", "c067" ], "forms": [ { "form": "自正", "formSimp": "自正", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s008" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s008" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 15, "id": "n015", "noteId": "n015", "sentenceId": "s009", "headword": "自富", "headwordSimp": "自富", "pinyin": "zì fù", "gloss": "自然富足。", "glossSimp": "自然富足。", "general": "河上公以無徭役徵召、民安其業；王弼以崇本息末；成玄英以心無為、迹無事、輕徭薄賦；唐玄宗以無事則不擾；李榮以人皆知足曰富；陸希聲以民復其業；呂惠卿以無事故民自富；吳澄以自然而富。", "generalSimp": "河上公以无徭役征召、民安其业；王弼以崇本息末；成玄英以心无为、迹无事、轻徭薄赋；唐玄宗以无事则不扰；李荣以人皆知足曰富；陆希声以民复其业；吕惠卿以无事故民自富；吴澄以自然而富。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c060", "c062", "c064", "c068", "c069", "c070" ], "refsSimp": [ "c060", "c062", "c064", "c068", "c069", "c070" ], "forms": [ { "form": "自富", "formSimp": "自富", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s009" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s009" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 16, "id": "n016", "noteId": "n016", "sentenceId": "s010", "headword": "自樸", "headwordSimp": "自朴", "pinyin": "zì pǔ", "gloss": "自然淳樸。", "glossSimp": "自然淳朴。", "general": "河上公以我常無欲、去華文；王弼以我之所欲唯無欲而民亦無欲；成玄英以寡欲少私、百姓知足守分；唐玄宗以無欲則全和；李榮以遺華處實曰樸；陸希聲以人絕夸企之情；呂惠卿以無欲故民自樸；吳澄以自然而樸。", "generalSimp": "河上公以我常无欲、去华文；王弼以我之所欲唯无欲而民亦无欲；成玄英以寡欲少私、百姓知足守分；唐玄宗以无欲则全和；李荣以遗华处实曰朴；陆希声以人绝夸企之情；吕惠卿以无欲故民自朴；吴澄以自然而朴。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c060", "c062", "c064", "c071", "c072", "c073", "c074", "c075" ], "refsSimp": [ "c060", "c062", "c064", "c071", "c072", "c073", "c074", "c075" ], "forms": [ { "form": "自樸", "formSimp": "自朴", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s010" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s010" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 } ], "glossaryEntries": [ { "order": 17, "id": "g001", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "淳風", "headwordSimp": "淳风", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "河上公本章章題。", "glossSimp": "河上公本章章题。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "淳風", "formSimp": "淳风", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 18, "id": "g002", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "以政治國章", "headwordSimp": "以政治国章", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "《玄德纂疏》本章章題。", "glossSimp": "《玄德纂疏》本章章题。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "以政治國章", "formSimp": "以政治国章", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 19, "id": "g003", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "以正治國章", "headwordSimp": "以正治国章", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "蘇轍、呂惠卿本章章題。", "glossSimp": "苏辙、吕惠卿本章章题。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "以正治國章", "formSimp": "以正治国章", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 20, "id": "g004", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "以正治國", "headwordSimp": "以正治国", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "用正道治理國家。", "glossSimp": "用正道治理国家。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "以正治國", "formSimp": "以正治国", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 21, "id": "g005", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "以政", "headwordSimp": "以政", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "《玄德纂疏》章題及御注御疏所作用字；政謂政教。", "glossSimp": "《玄德纂疏》章题及御注御疏所作用字；政谓政教。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "以政", "formSimp": "以政", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 22, "id": "g006", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "以奇用兵", "headwordSimp": "以奇用兵", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "用奇詐指揮用兵。", "glossSimp": "用奇诈指挥用兵。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "以奇用兵", "formSimp": "以奇用兵", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 23, "id": "g007", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "奇", "headwordSimp": "奇", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "奇詐、權變。", "glossSimp": "奇诈、权变。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "奇", "formSimp": "奇", "kind": "headword", "count": 2, "sentenceIds": [ "s001", "s005" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001", "s005" ], "occurrenceCount": 2 }, { "order": 24, "id": "g008", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "以無事取天下", "headwordSimp": "以无事取天下", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "以無為不擾取得天下。", "glossSimp": "以无为不扰取得天下。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "以無事取天下", "formSimp": "以无事取天下", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 25, "id": "g009", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "無事", "headwordSimp": "无事", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "不擾民、不生事。", "glossSimp": "不扰民、不生事。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "無事", "formSimp": "无事", "kind": "headword", "count": 2, "sentenceIds": [ "s001", "s009" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001", "s009" ], "occurrenceCount": 2 }, { "order": 26, "id": "g010", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "以此", "headwordSimp": "以此", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "憑以下所述。", "glossSimp": "凭以下所述。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "以此", "formSimp": "以此", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 27, "id": "g011", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "忌諱", "headwordSimp": "忌讳", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "禁令避諱。", "glossSimp": "禁令避讳。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "忌諱", "formSimp": "忌讳", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 28, "id": "g012", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "彌貧", "headwordSimp": "弥贫", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "更加貧困。", "glossSimp": "更加贫困。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "彌貧", "formSimp": "弥贫", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 29, "id": "g013", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "利器", "headwordSimp": "利器", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "權謀；一說利便於民之器。", "glossSimp": "权谋；一说利便于民之器。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "利器", "formSimp": "利器", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 30, "id": "g014", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "滋昏", "headwordSimp": "滋昏", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "更加昏亂。", "glossSimp": "更加昏乱。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "滋昏", "formSimp": "滋昏", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 31, "id": "g015", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "伎巧", "headwordSimp": "伎巧", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "機巧伎倆。", "glossSimp": "机巧伎俩。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "伎巧", "formSimp": "伎巧", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s005" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s005" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 32, "id": "g016", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "技巧", "headwordSimp": "技巧", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "諸本異文，義同伎巧。", "glossSimp": "诸本异文，义同伎巧。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "技巧", "formSimp": "技巧", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 33, "id": "g017", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "奇物", "headwordSimp": "奇物", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "奇異之物；一說戰具。", "glossSimp": "奇异之物；一说战具。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "奇物", "formSimp": "奇物", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s005" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s005" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 34, "id": "g018", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s006", "headword": "滋彰", "headwordSimp": "滋彰", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "更加繁密彰明。", "glossSimp": "更加繁密彰明。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "滋彰", "formSimp": "滋彰", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s006" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s006" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 35, "id": "g019", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "法物", "headwordSimp": "法物", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "河上公作「法物」，謂珍好之物。", "glossSimp": "河上公作「法物」，谓珍好之物。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "法物", "formSimp": "法物", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 36, "id": "g020", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s006", "headword": "盜賊", "headwordSimp": "盗贼", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "盜竊賊寇。", "glossSimp": "盗窃贼寇。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "盜賊", "formSimp": "盗贼", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s006" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s006" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 37, "id": "g021", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s007", "headword": "自化", "headwordSimp": "自化", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "自然歸化。", "glossSimp": "自然归化。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "自化", "formSimp": "自化", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s007" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s007" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 38, "id": "g022", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s008", "headword": "自正", "headwordSimp": "自正", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "自然端正。", "glossSimp": "自然端正。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "自正", "formSimp": "自正", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s008" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s008" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 39, "id": "g023", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s009", "headword": "自富", "headwordSimp": "自富", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "自然富足。", "glossSimp": "自然富足。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "自富", "formSimp": "自富", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s009" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s009" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 40, "id": "g024", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s010", "headword": "自樸", "headwordSimp": "自朴", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "自然淳樸。", "glossSimp": "自然淳朴。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "自樸", "formSimp": "自朴", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s010" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s010" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 41, "id": "g025", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "傅奕", "headwordSimp": "傅奕", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "傅奕《道德經古本》；魏源校記引其異文。", "glossSimp": "傅奕《道德经古本》；魏源校记引其异文。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "傅奕", "formSimp": "傅奕", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 42, "id": "g026", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "焦竑", "headwordSimp": "焦竑", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "明代學者；魏源校記引其校本。", "glossSimp": "明代学者；魏源校记引其校本。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "焦竑", "formSimp": "焦竑", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 43, "id": "g027", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "三墳", "headwordSimp": "三坟", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "陸希聲謂聖人所舉之言蓋《三墳》之文。", "glossSimp": "陆希声谓圣人所举之言盖《三坟》之文。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "三墳", "formSimp": "三坟", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 44, "id": "g028", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "文王之囿", "headwordSimp": "文王之囿", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "憨山引以說明忌諱；文王園囿與民共之。", "glossSimp": "憨山引以说明忌讳；文王园囿与民共之。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "文王之囿", "formSimp": "文王之囿", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 45, "id": "g029", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "三略", "headwordSimp": "三略", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "李榮引兵書語。", "glossSimp": "李荣引兵书语。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "三略", "formSimp": "三略", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 46, "id": "g030", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "孫吳", "headwordSimp": "孙吴", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "孫武、吳起；吳澄謂以奇用兵者。", "glossSimp": "孙武、吴起；吴澄谓以奇用兵者。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "孫吳", "formSimp": "孙吴", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 47, "id": "g031", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "管商", "headwordSimp": "管商", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "管仲、商鞅；吳澄謂以正治國者。", "glossSimp": "管仲、商鞅；吴澄谓以正治国者。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "管商", "formSimp": "管商", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 } ] }, "relations": { "version": "1.0.0", "note": "第五十七章十句的十三家對照，為德經第二十章。河上公此章據四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引；成玄英、唐玄宗御注御疏、嚴遵、李榮據《玄德纂疏》卷十五所引；王弼、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄據《道藏》本；憨山、魏源、王夫之據公開轉錄本。俞樾《諸子平議》此章未列。河上公題「淳風」，《玄德纂疏》題「以政治國章」，蘇轍、呂惠卿題「以正治國章」，吳澄以此章合王弼第五十八章為其第四十九章，魏源以此章與下章合為其第五十章。以正、以奇、以無事，有正身、權詐、無為之別，亦有正奇各得一偏、無事為全之說；「以此」有指下文之弊與指下文之效兩解；忌諱、利器、伎巧、法令，有防禁、權謀、機心、刑法之異；我無為四句，有崇本息末、四種無為之藥、取天下常以無事之證等說。", "concepts": [ { "id": "yi-zheng-yi-qi-wu-shi", "name": "以正治國，以奇用兵，以無事取天下", "nameTrad": "以正治國，以奇用兵，以無事取天下", "question": "治國、用兵、取天下何以分屬正、奇、無事？", "questionTrad": "治國、用兵、取天下何以分屬正、奇、無事？", "intro": "河上公以「以」為「至」，正身之人使至有國，詐僞之人使用兵，無事無為之人使取天下。王弼以道治國則國平，以正治國則奇正起，以無事則能取天下；以正治國、立辟攻末，本不立而末淺，故必至奇兵。成玄英以政為名教法律、奇為譎詐、無事為凝神垂拱，分屬偃武修文、偃文修武、不武不文三時。唐玄宗御注以政教、奇詐、無事分釋，御疏逐標申說。嚴遵以無心大同、無求之得為說，謂不若使天下不事智力。李榮以平均正直為政、兵不厭詐為奇、垂旒塞耳為無事。陸希聲以正名、奇謀僅足救患，唯無事可以取天下之心。呂惠卿以國容軍容不同，正者常久、奇者應變。蘇轍以柔遠能邇、無意用兵，天下神器不可為，唯體道者廓然無事而天下歸之。吳澄以正為法制禁令、奇為權謀詭詐，管商、孫吳各得一偏，唯三皇無為之治可以取天下。憨山以清淨無欲為正，奇巧詐術只可用兵。魏源此章與下章合為其第五十章，無自己疏解，僅存校記。王夫之以正必至奇、治國必至用兵，無事者正所正而我不治。諸家或以正、奇、無事為三種治術，或以正、奇各得一偏而無事為全，大旨以無事為取天下之要。", "introTrad": "河上公以「以」為「至」，正身之人使至有國，詐僞之人使用兵，無事無為之人使取天下。王弼以道治國則國平，以正治國則奇正起，以無事則能取天下；以正治國、立辟攻末，本不立而末淺，故必至奇兵。成玄英以政為名教法律、奇為譎詐、無事為凝神垂拱，分屬偃武修文、偃文修武、不武不文三時。唐玄宗御注以政教、奇詐、無事分釋，御疏逐標申說。嚴遵以無心大同、無求之得為說，謂不若使天下不事智力。李榮以平均正直為政、兵不厭詐為奇、垂旒塞耳為無事。陸希聲以正名、奇謀僅足救患，唯無事可以取天下之心。呂惠卿以國容軍容不同，正者常久、奇者應變。蘇轍以柔遠能邇、無意用兵，天下神器不可為，唯體道者廓然無事而天下歸之。吳澄以正為法制禁令、奇為權謀詭詐，管商、孫吳各得一偏，唯三皇無為之治可以取天下。憨山以清淨無欲為正，奇巧詐術只可用兵。魏源此章與下章合為其第五十章，無自己疏解，僅存校記。王夫之以正必至奇、治國必至用兵，無事者正所正而我不治。諸家或以正、奇、無事為三種治術，或以正、奇各得一偏而無事為全，大旨以無事為取天下之要。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "以「以」為「至」；正身、詐僞、無事之人各使至有國、用兵、取天下。", "thesisTrad": "以「以」為「至」；正身、詐僞、無事之人各使至有國、用兵、取天下。", "noteIds": [ "c001", "c002", "c003" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "以「以」为「至」；正身、诈伪、无事之人各使至有国、用兵、取天下。" }, "wangbi": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "以道治國則國平，以正治國則奇正起，以無事則能取天下；立辟攻末則必至奇兵。", "thesisTrad": "以道治國則國平，以正治國則奇正起，以無事則能取天下；立辟攻末則必至奇兵。", "noteIds": [ "c004", "c005" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "以道治国则国平，以正治国则奇正起，以无事则能取天下；立辟攻末则必至奇兵。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "政為名教法律，奇為譎詐，無事為凝神垂拱；分屬偃武修文、偃文修武、不武不文。", "thesisTrad": "政為名教法律，奇為譎詐，無事為凝神垂拱；分屬偃武修文、偃文修武、不武不文。", "noteIds": [ "c006", "c007", "c008" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "政为名教法律，奇为谲诈，无事为凝神垂拱；分属偃武修文、偃文修武、不武不文。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "御注以政教、奇詐、無事分釋；御疏逐標申說，以無事無為可取天下。", "thesisTrad": "御注以政教、奇詐、無事分釋；御疏逐標申說，以無事無為可取天下。", "noteIds": [ "c009", "c010", "c011", "c012" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "御注以政教、奇诈、无事分释；御疏逐标申说，以无事无为可取天下。" }, "yanzun": { "workType": "輯文", "workTypeTrad": "輯文", "thesis": "無心大同、無求之得，不若使天下不事智力。", "thesisTrad": "無心大同、無求之得，不若使天下不事智力。", "noteIds": [ "c013" ], "workTypeSimp": "辑文", "thesisSimp": "无心大同、无求之得，不若使天下不事智力。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "平均正直為政，兵不厭詐為奇，垂旒塞耳為無事。", "thesisTrad": "平均正直為政，兵不厭詐為奇，垂旒塞耳為無事。", "noteIds": [ "c014", "c015", "c016" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "平均正直为政，兵不厌诈为奇，垂旒塞耳为无事。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "正名、奇謀僅足救患，唯無事可以取天下之心。", "thesisTrad": "正名、奇謀僅足救患，唯無事可以取天下之心。", "noteIds": [ "c017" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "正名、奇谋仅足救患，唯无事可以取天下之心。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "國容軍容不同，正者常久、奇者應變，有事不足以取天下。", "thesisTrad": "國容軍容不同，正者常久、奇者應變，有事不足以取天下。", "noteIds": [ "c018" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "国容军容不同，正者常久、奇者应变，有事不足以取天下。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "柔遠能邇、無意用兵，天下神器不可為，唯體道者廓然無事而天下歸之。", "thesisTrad": "柔遠能邇、無意用兵，天下神器不可為，唯體道者廓然無事而天下歸之。", "noteIds": [ "c019" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "柔远能迩、无意用兵，天下神器不可为，唯体道者廓然无事而天下归之。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "正為法制禁令、奇為權謀詭詐，管商、孫吳各得一偏，唯三皇無為之治可以取天下。", "thesisTrad": "正為法制禁令、奇為權謀詭詐，管商、孫吳各得一偏，唯三皇無為之治可以取天下。", "noteIds": [ "c020" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "正为法制禁令、奇为权谋诡诈，管商、孙吴各得一偏，唯三皇无为之治可以取天下。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "清淨無欲為正，奇巧詐術只可用兵，無事乃取天下之具。", "thesisTrad": "清淨無欲為正，奇巧詐術只可用兵，無事乃取天下之具。", "noteIds": [ "c021" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "清净无欲为正，奇巧诈术只可用兵，无事乃取天下之具。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "此章與下章合為其第五十章；僅存校記，無自己疏解。", "thesisTrad": "此章與下章合為其第五十章；僅存校記，無自己疏解。", "noteIds": [ "c028" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "此章与下章合为其第五十章；仅存校记，无自己疏解。" }, "wangfuzhi": { "workType": "衍", "workTypeTrad": "衍", "thesis": "正必至奇、治國必至用兵；無事者正所正而我不治。", "thesisTrad": "正必至奇、治國必至用兵；無事者正所正而我不治。", "noteIds": [ "c022" ], "workTypeSimp": "衍", "thesisSimp": "正必至奇、治国必至用兵；无事者正所正而我不治。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c001", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公以至釋「以」，分正身、詐僞、無事三事立說。", "textTrad": "河上公以至釋「以」，分正身、詐僞、無事三事立說。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公以至释「以」，分正身、诈伪、无事三事立说。" }, { "noteId": "c004", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "王弼以道治國、奇正相生申之。", "textTrad": "王弼以道治國、奇正相生申之。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "王弼以道治国、奇正相生申之。" }, { "noteId": "c006", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英以名教法律、譎詐、凝神分疏。", "textTrad": "成玄英以名教法律、譎詐、凝神分疏。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英以名教法律、谲诈、凝神分疏。" }, { "noteId": "c009", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "唐玄宗以政教、奇詐、無事立說。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗以政教、奇詐、無事立說。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "唐玄宗以政教、奇诈、无事立说。" }, { "noteId": "c013", "relation": "輯文", "relationTrad": "輯文", "text": "嚴遵以無心大同、無求之得轉進。", "textTrad": "嚴遵以無心大同、無求之得轉進。", "relationSimp": "辑文", "textSimp": "严遵以无心大同、无求之得转进。" }, { "noteId": "c014", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮以平均正直、兵不厭詐對舉。", "textTrad": "李榮以平均正直、兵不厭詐對舉。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣以平均正直、兵不厌诈对举。" }, { "noteId": "c017", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "陸希聲以正名奇謀僅足救患、無事取心立說。", "textTrad": "陸希聲以正名奇謀僅足救患、無事取心立說。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "陆希声以正名奇谋仅足救患、无事取心立说。" }, { "noteId": "c022", "relation": "衍", "relationTrad": "衍", "text": "王夫之以正必至奇、無事者不治總結。", "textTrad": "王夫之以正必至奇、無事者不治總結。", "relationSimp": "衍", "textSimp": "王夫之以正必至奇、无事者不治总结。" } ], "nameSimp": "以正治国，以奇用兵，以无事取天下", "questionSimp": "治国、用兵、取天下何以分属正、奇、无事？", "introSimp": "河上公以「以」为「至」，正身之人使至有国，诈伪之人使用兵，无事无为之人使取天下。王弼以道治国则国平，以正治国则奇正起，以无事则能取天下；以正治国、立辟攻末，本不立而末浅，故必至奇兵。成玄英以政为名教法律、奇为谲诈、无事为凝神垂拱，分属偃武修文、偃文修武、不武不文三时。唐玄宗御注以政教、奇诈、无事分释，御疏逐标申说。严遵以无心大同、无求之得为说，谓不若使天下不事智力。李荣以平均正直为政、兵不厌诈为奇、垂旒塞耳为无事。陆希声以正名、奇谋仅足救患，唯无事可以取天下之心。吕惠卿以国容军容不同，正者常久、奇者应变。苏辙以柔远能迩、无意用兵，天下神器不可为，唯体道者廓然无事而天下归之。吴澄以正为法制禁令、奇为权谋诡诈，管商、孙吴各得一偏，唯三皇无为之治可以取天下。憨山以清净无欲为正，奇巧诈术只可用兵。魏源此章与下章合为其第五十章，无自己疏解，仅存校记。王夫之以正必至奇、治国必至用兵，无事者正所正而我不治。诸家或以正、奇、无事为三种治术，或以正、奇各得一偏而无事为全，大旨以无事为取天下之要。" }, { "id": "wu-he-yi-zhi-qi-ran", "name": "吾何以知其然哉？以此", "nameTrad": "吾何以知其然哉？以此", "question": "「以此」所指是下文之弊，還是下文之效？", "questionTrad": "「以此」所指是下文之弊，還是下文之效？", "intro": "河上公以此為今日所見，老子言我何以知天意然哉，以今日所見知也。王弼無專注，其注天下多忌諱以下，列舉忌諱、利器、伎巧、法令之弊，即所以答「以此」。成玄英以教主假設問，用此下文觀之則知。唐玄宗御注以「以此下文知之」，御疏以多忌諱則人彌貧、我無為則人自化為驗。李榮以「我無為人自化、我無事人自富」為下文之證。陸希聲以有事不足以取天下之心，反證唯無事可以取天下之心。呂惠卿以有事不足以取天下而知無事之足以取天下。蘇轍以天下神器不可為，唯體道者廓然無事而天下歸之。吳澄以設問起下文之答。憨山以「此」指下文有事而言，忌諱、利器、技巧、法令皆有事。魏源僅存校記，無疏解。王夫之以正必至奇、治國必至用兵，無事者正所正而我不治。諸家或以「此」指下文之弊，或以「此」指下文之效，大旨以有事之弊反證無事之效。", "introTrad": "河上公以此為今日所見，老子言我何以知天意然哉，以今日所見知也。王弼無專注，其注天下多忌諱以下，列舉忌諱、利器、伎巧、法令之弊，即所以答「以此」。成玄英以教主假設問，用此下文觀之則知。唐玄宗御注以「以此下文知之」，御疏以多忌諱則人彌貧、我無為則人自化為驗。李榮以「我無為人自化、我無事人自富」為下文之證。陸希聲以有事不足以取天下之心，反證唯無事可以取天下之心。呂惠卿以有事不足以取天下而知無事之足以取天下。蘇轍以天下神器不可為，唯體道者廓然無事而天下歸之。吳澄以設問起下文之答。憨山以「此」指下文有事而言，忌諱、利器、技巧、法令皆有事。魏源僅存校記，無疏解。王夫之以正必至奇、治國必至用兵，無事者正所正而我不治。諸家或以「此」指下文之弊，或以「此」指下文之效，大旨以有事之弊反證無事之效。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "此，今也；以今日所見知天意。", "thesisTrad": "此，今也；以今日所見知天意。", "noteIds": [ "c023" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "此，今也；以今日所见知天意。" }, "wangbi": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "無專注；注下文忌諱、利器、伎巧、法令之弊，即所以答「以此」。", "thesisTrad": "無專注；注下文忌諱、利器、伎巧、法令之弊，即所以答「以此」。", "noteIds": [ "c031" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "无专注；注下文忌讳、利器、伎巧、法令之弊，即所以答「以此」。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "教主假設問，用此下文觀之則知。", "thesisTrad": "教主假設問，用此下文觀之則知。", "noteIds": [ "c024" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "教主假设问，用此下文观之则知。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "御注以此下文知之；御疏以多忌諱則人彌貧、我無為則人自化為驗。", "thesisTrad": "御注以此下文知之；御疏以多忌諱則人彌貧、我無為則人自化為驗。", "noteIds": [ "c025", "c026" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "御注以此下文知之；御疏以多忌讳则人弥贫、我无为则人自化为验。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "以「我無為人自化、我無事人自富」為下文之證。", "thesisTrad": "以「我無為人自化、我無事人自富」為下文之證。", "noteIds": [ "c027" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "以「我无为人自化、我无事人自富」为下文之证。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "有事不足以取天下之心，反證唯無事可以取天下之心。", "thesisTrad": "有事不足以取天下之心，反證唯無事可以取天下之心。", "noteIds": [ "c017" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "有事不足以取天下之心，反证唯无事可以取天下之心。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "以有事不足以取天下而知無事之足以取天下。", "thesisTrad": "以有事不足以取天下而知無事之足以取天下。", "noteIds": [ "c018" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "以有事不足以取天下而知无事之足以取天下。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "天下神器不可為，唯體道者廓然無事而天下歸之。", "thesisTrad": "天下神器不可為，唯體道者廓然無事而天下歸之。", "noteIds": [ "c019" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "天下神器不可为，唯体道者廓然无事而天下归之。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "設問辭以起下文之答。", "thesisTrad": "設問辭以起下文之答。", "noteIds": [ "c029" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "设问辞以起下文之答。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "「此」指下文有事而言，忌諱、利器、技巧、法令皆有事。", "thesisTrad": "「此」指下文有事而言，忌諱、利器、技巧、法令皆有事。", "noteIds": [ "c021" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "「此」指下文有事而言，忌讳、利器、技巧、法令皆有事。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "僅存校記，無疏解。", "thesisTrad": "僅存校記，無疏解。", "noteIds": [ "c028" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "仅存校记，无疏解。" }, "wangfuzhi": { "workType": "衍", "workTypeTrad": "衍", "thesis": "正必至奇、治國必至用兵；無事者正所正而我不治。", "thesisTrad": "正必至奇、治國必至用兵；無事者正所正而我不治。", "noteIds": [ "c022" ], "workTypeSimp": "衍", "thesisSimp": "正必至奇、治国必至用兵；无事者正所正而我不治。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c023", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公以今日所見立說。", "textTrad": "河上公以今日所見立說。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公以今日所见立说。" }, { "noteId": "c024", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英以假設問、觀下文申之。", "textTrad": "成玄英以假設問、觀下文申之。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英以假设问、观下文申之。" }, { "noteId": "c025", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "唐玄宗御注以此下文知之。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗御注以此下文知之。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "唐玄宗御注以此下文知之。" }, { "noteId": "c027", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮以四句之效為證轉進。", "textTrad": "李榮以四句之效為證轉進。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣以四句之效为证转进。" }, { "noteId": "c029", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄以設問起答對舉。", "textTrad": "吳澄以設問起答對舉。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄以设问起答对举。" }, { "noteId": "c021", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "憨山以「此」指下文有事分疏。", "textTrad": "憨山以「此」指下文有事分疏。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "憨山以「此」指下文有事分疏。" }, { "noteId": "c028", "relation": "按語", "relationTrad": "按語", "text": "魏源存異文校記。", "textTrad": "魏源存異文校記。", "relationSimp": "按语", "textSimp": "魏源存异文校记。" }, { "noteId": "c022", "relation": "衍", "relationTrad": "衍", "text": "王夫之以正必至奇、無事者不治總結。", "textTrad": "王夫之以正必至奇、無事者不治總結。", "relationSimp": "衍", "textSimp": "王夫之以正必至奇、无事者不治总结。" } ], "nameSimp": "吾何以知其然哉？以此", "questionSimp": "「以此」所指是下文之弊，还是下文之效？", "introSimp": "河上公以此为今日所见，老子言我何以知天意然哉，以今日所见知也。王弼无专注，其注天下多忌讳以下，列举忌讳、利器、伎巧、法令之弊，即所以答「以此」。成玄英以教主假设问，用此下文观之则知。唐玄宗御注以「以此下文知之」，御疏以多忌讳则人弥贫、我无为则人自化为验。李荣以「我无为人自化、我无事人自富」为下文之证。陆希声以有事不足以取天下之心，反证唯无事可以取天下之心。吕惠卿以有事不足以取天下而知无事之足以取天下。苏辙以天下神器不可为，唯体道者廓然无事而天下归之。吴澄以设问起下文之答。憨山以「此」指下文有事而言，忌讳、利器、技巧、法令皆有事。魏源仅存校记，无疏解。王夫之以正必至奇、治国必至用兵，无事者正所正而我不治。诸家或以「此」指下文之弊，或以「此」指下文之效，大旨以有事之弊反证无事之效。" }, { "id": "tian-xia-duo-ji-hui", "name": "天下多忌諱，而民彌貧", "nameTrad": "天下多忌諱，而民彌貧", "question": "禁令愈密，何以民愈貧？", "questionTrad": "禁令愈密，何以民愈貧？", "intro": "河上公以天下謂人主，忌諱為防禁，令煩則姦生、禁多則下詐相殆，故貧。王弼以多忌諱欲以恥貧，而民彌貧，皆舍本治末所致。成玄英以忌諱猶禁制，刑法嚴酷、罹罪者衆，民不安業，所以彌貧；治身者篤於禁忌，内無道德，故彌貧。唐玄宗御注以政理國、動多忌諱、人失作業；御疏以政煩網密、下人無所措手足、動失生業。李榮以忌諱多端、政煩網密，煩則人勞、密則人懼，從法妨業。陸希聲以有事則多禁忌避諱，萬民不得安業。呂惠卿以有事則天下多忌諱以避其所惡，失業者眾而民彌貧。蘇轍以人主多忌諱，下情不上達，則民貧而無告。吳澄以忌諱謂畏避防禁嚴密，民一舉手摇足輒陷罪戾，不得安生樂業而趨於貧。憨山以文王之囿與殺麋鹿之罪對比，說明忌諱之害。王夫之以正必至奇，多動多事則天下不安。諸家或以忌諱為政令防禁，或以忌諱為下情壅塞，大旨以禁令愈密則民生愈困。", "introTrad": "河上公以天下謂人主，忌諱為防禁，令煩則姦生、禁多則下詐相殆，故貧。王弼以多忌諱欲以恥貧，而民彌貧，皆舍本治末所致。成玄英以忌諱猶禁制，刑法嚴酷、罹罪者衆，民不安業，所以彌貧；治身者篤於禁忌，内無道德，故彌貧。唐玄宗御注以政理國、動多忌諱、人失作業；御疏以政煩網密、下人無所措手足、動失生業。李榮以忌諱多端、政煩網密，煩則人勞、密則人懼，從法妨業。陸希聲以有事則多禁忌避諱，萬民不得安業。呂惠卿以有事則天下多忌諱以避其所惡，失業者眾而民彌貧。蘇轍以人主多忌諱，下情不上達，則民貧而無告。吳澄以忌諱謂畏避防禁嚴密，民一舉手摇足輒陷罪戾，不得安生樂業而趨於貧。憨山以文王之囿與殺麋鹿之罪對比，說明忌諱之害。王夫之以正必至奇，多動多事則天下不安。諸家或以忌諱為政令防禁，或以忌諱為下情壅塞，大旨以禁令愈密則民生愈困。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "天下謂人主；忌諱為防禁，令煩姦生、禁多下詐，故貧。", "thesisTrad": "天下謂人主；忌諱為防禁，令煩姦生、禁多下詐，故貧。", "noteIds": [ "c030" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "天下谓人主；忌讳为防禁，令烦奸生、禁多下诈，故贫。" }, "wangbi": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "多忌諱欲以恥貧，而民彌貧，皆舍本治末所致。", "thesisTrad": "多忌諱欲以恥貧，而民彌貧，皆舍本治末所致。", "noteIds": [ "c031" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "多忌讳欲以耻贫，而民弥贫，皆舍本治末所致。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "忌諱猶禁制，刑法嚴酷、民不安業；治身者篤於禁忌，内無道德。", "thesisTrad": "忌諱猶禁制，刑法嚴酷、民不安業；治身者篤於禁忌，内無道德。", "noteIds": [ "c032" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "忌讳犹禁制，刑法严酷、民不安业；治身者笃于禁忌，内无道德。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "御注以政理國、動多忌諱、人失作業；御疏以政煩網密、動失生業。", "thesisTrad": "御注以政理國、動多忌諱、人失作業；御疏以政煩網密、動失生業。", "noteIds": [ "c033", "c034" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "御注以政理国、动多忌讳、人失作业；御疏以政烦网密、动失生业。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "忌諱多端、政煩網密，煩則人勞、密則人懼，從法妨業。", "thesisTrad": "忌諱多端、政煩網密，煩則人勞、密則人懼，從法妨業。", "noteIds": [ "c035" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "忌讳多端、政烦网密，烦则人劳、密则人惧，从法妨业。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "有事則多禁忌避諱，萬民不得安業。", "thesisTrad": "有事則多禁忌避諱，萬民不得安業。", "noteIds": [ "c017" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "有事则多禁忌避讳，万民不得安业。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "有事則多忌諱以避其所惡，失業者眾而民彌貧。", "thesisTrad": "有事則多忌諱以避其所惡，失業者眾而民彌貧。", "noteIds": [ "c018" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "有事则多忌讳以避其所恶，失业者众而民弥贫。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "人主多忌諱，下情不上達，則民貧而無告。", "thesisTrad": "人主多忌諱，下情不上達，則民貧而無告。", "noteIds": [ "c036" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "人主多忌讳，下情不上达，则民贫而无告。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "忌諱謂畏避防禁嚴密，民一舉手摇足輒陷罪戾，不得安生樂業。", "thesisTrad": "忌諱謂畏避防禁嚴密，民一舉手摇足輒陷罪戾，不得安生樂業。", "noteIds": [ "c037" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "忌讳谓畏避防禁严密，民一举手摇足辄陷罪戾，不得安生乐业。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "以文王之囿與殺麋鹿之罪對比，說明忌諱之害。", "thesisTrad": "以文王之囿與殺麋鹿之罪對比，說明忌諱之害。", "noteIds": [ "c021" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "以文王之囿与杀麋鹿之罪对比，说明忌讳之害。" }, "wangfuzhi": { "workType": "衍", "workTypeTrad": "衍", "thesis": "正必至奇，多動多事則天下不安。", "thesisTrad": "正必至奇，多動多事則天下不安。", "noteIds": [ "c022" ], "workTypeSimp": "衍", "thesisSimp": "正必至奇，多动多事则天下不安。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c030", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公以防禁令煩立說。", "textTrad": "河上公以防禁令煩立說。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公以防禁令烦立说。" }, { "noteId": "c031", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "王弼以舍本治末申之。", "textTrad": "王弼以舍本治末申之。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "王弼以舍本治末申之。" }, { "noteId": "c032", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英以刑法嚴酷分疏。", "textTrad": "成玄英以刑法嚴酷分疏。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英以刑法严酷分疏。" }, { "noteId": "c033", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "唐玄宗以人失作業立說。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗以人失作業立說。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "唐玄宗以人失作业立说。" }, { "noteId": "c035", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮以政煩網密轉進。", "textTrad": "李榮以政煩網密轉進。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣以政烦网密转进。" }, { "noteId": "c036", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "蘇轍以下情不上達對舉。", "textTrad": "蘇轍以下情不上達對舉。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "苏辙以下情不上达对举。" }, { "noteId": "c037", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄以畏避防禁總結。", "textTrad": "吳澄以畏避防禁總結。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄以畏避防禁总结。" }, { "noteId": "c022", "relation": "衍", "relationTrad": "衍", "text": "王夫之以正必至奇別釋。", "textTrad": "王夫之以正必至奇別釋。", "relationSimp": "衍", "textSimp": "王夫之以正必至奇别释。" } ], "nameSimp": "天下多忌讳，而民弥贫", "questionSimp": "禁令愈密，何以民愈贫？", "introSimp": "河上公以天下谓人主，忌讳为防禁，令烦则奸生、禁多则下诈相殆，故贫。王弼以多忌讳欲以耻贫，而民弥贫，皆舍本治末所致。成玄英以忌讳犹禁制，刑法严酷、罹罪者众，民不安业，所以弥贫；治身者笃于禁忌，内无道德，故弥贫。唐玄宗御注以政理国、动多忌讳、人失作业；御疏以政烦网密、下人无所措手足、动失生业。李荣以忌讳多端、政烦网密，烦则人劳、密则人惧，从法妨业。陆希声以有事则多禁忌避讳，万民不得安业。吕惠卿以有事则天下多忌讳以避其所恶，失业者众而民弥贫。苏辙以人主多忌讳，下情不上达，则民贫而无告。吴澄以忌讳谓畏避防禁严密，民一举手摇足辄陷罪戾，不得安生乐业而趋于贫。憨山以文王之囿与杀麋鹿之罪对比，说明忌讳之害。王夫之以正必至奇，多动多事则天下不安。诸家或以忌讳为政令防禁，或以忌讳为下情壅塞，大旨以禁令愈密则民生愈困。" }, { "id": "li-qi-ji-qiao-fa-ling", "name": "民多利器，國家滋昏；人多伎巧，奇物滋起；法令滋彰，盜賊多有", "nameTrad": "民多利器，國家滋昏；人多伎巧，奇物滋起；法令滋彰，盜賊多有", "question": "利器、伎巧、法令三者何以相因並起？", "questionTrad": "利器、伎巧、法令三者何以相因並起？", "intro": "河上公以利器為權，民多權則上下不親；伎巧為刻畫宮觀、彫琢章服；法物為珍好之物，滋生彰著則農事廢、飢寒並至。王弼以利器為利己之器，民强則國弱；民多智慧則巧偽生、邪事起；法令滋彰乃舍本治末。成玄英以利器為干戈、伎巧為機心、法物猶法令，皆昏亂之世不崇文德所致。唐玄宗御注以利器為權謀、伎巧為奢、法令為竊法為奸；御疏以權謀多則下應以譎詐、浮華則百姓效上、法令彰則吏竊法為奸。李榮以機權兵器多則恐亂、奇巧異物生則上下相玩、法物珍好則盜賊斯起。陸希聲以百姓有欲則多利用器具、民多智慧則邪事滋起、法令滋彰則姦宄愈取。呂惠卿以人多利器則下難知、民彌貧而多利巧則奇物滋起、法令滋彰而盜賊多有。蘇轍以利器為權謀、趨末伎則非常無益之物作、法令多則民無所措手足。吳澄以利器為利便之器、技巧為末業、法令彰明易犯，八句所言二事。憨山以賢者在野釋利器，以人心雕琢、貪愈甚釋技巧奇物法令。王夫之以無名無器、無器無利、無利無巧，無巧則法無所試。諸家或以利器為權謀、或以利器為器用，大旨以多欲多事則奇物法令滋起而盜賊多有。", "introTrad": "河上公以利器為權，民多權則上下不親；伎巧為刻畫宮觀、彫琢章服；法物為珍好之物，滋生彰著則農事廢、飢寒並至。王弼以利器為利己之器，民强則國弱；民多智慧則巧偽生、邪事起；法令滋彰乃舍本治末。成玄英以利器為干戈、伎巧為機心、法物猶法令，皆昏亂之世不崇文德所致。唐玄宗御注以利器為權謀、伎巧為奢、法令為竊法為奸；御疏以權謀多則下應以譎詐、浮華則百姓效上、法令彰則吏竊法為奸。李榮以機權兵器多則恐亂、奇巧異物生則上下相玩、法物珍好則盜賊斯起。陸希聲以百姓有欲則多利用器具、民多智慧則邪事滋起、法令滋彰則姦宄愈取。呂惠卿以人多利器則下難知、民彌貧而多利巧則奇物滋起、法令滋彰而盜賊多有。蘇轍以利器為權謀、趨末伎則非常無益之物作、法令多則民無所措手足。吳澄以利器為利便之器、技巧為末業、法令彰明易犯，八句所言二事。憨山以賢者在野釋利器，以人心雕琢、貪愈甚釋技巧奇物法令。王夫之以無名無器、無器無利、無利無巧，無巧則法無所試。諸家或以利器為權謀、或以利器為器用，大旨以多欲多事則奇物法令滋起而盜賊多有。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "利器為權，民多權則上下不親；伎巧為刻畫宮觀、彫琢章服；法物為珍好之物。", "thesisTrad": "利器為權，民多權則上下不親；伎巧為刻畫宮觀、彫琢章服；法物為珍好之物。", "noteIds": [ "c038", "c045", "c052" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "利器为权，民多权则上下不亲；伎巧为刻画宫观、雕琢章服；法物为珍好之物。" }, "wangbi": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "利器為利己之器，民强則國弱；民多智慧則巧偽生、邪事起；法令滋彰乃舍本治末。", "thesisTrad": "利器為利己之器，民强則國弱；民多智慧則巧偽生、邪事起；法令滋彰乃舍本治末。", "noteIds": [ "c039", "c046" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "利器为利己之器，民强则国弱；民多智慧则巧伪生、邪事起；法令滋彰乃舍本治末。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "利器為干戈、伎巧為機心、法物猶法令，皆昏亂之世不崇文德所致。", "thesisTrad": "利器為干戈、伎巧為機心、法物猶法令，皆昏亂之世不崇文德所致。", "noteIds": [ "c040", "c047", "c053" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "利器为干戈、伎巧为机心、法物犹法令，皆昏乱之世不崇文德所致。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "御注以利器為權謀、伎巧為奢、法令為竊法為奸；御疏以權謀多則下應以譎詐、法令彰則吏竊法為奸。", "thesisTrad": "御注以利器為權謀、伎巧為奢、法令為竊法為奸；御疏以權謀多則下應以譎詐、法令彰則吏竊法為奸。", "noteIds": [ "c041", "c042", "c048", "c049", "c054", "c055" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "御注以利器为权谋、伎巧为奢、法令为窃法为奸；御疏以权谋多则下应以谲诈、法令彰则吏窃法为奸。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "機權兵器多則恐亂、奇巧異物生則上下相玩、法物珍好則盜賊斯起。", "thesisTrad": "機權兵器多則恐亂、奇巧異物生則上下相玩、法物珍好則盜賊斯起。", "noteIds": [ "c043", "c050", "c056" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "机权兵器多则恐乱、奇巧异物生则上下相玩、法物珍好则盗贼斯起。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "百姓有欲則多利用器具、民多智慧則邪事滋起、法令滋彰則姦宄愈取。", "thesisTrad": "百姓有欲則多利用器具、民多智慧則邪事滋起、法令滋彰則姦宄愈取。", "noteIds": [ "c017" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "百姓有欲则多利用器具、民多智慧则邪事滋起、法令滋彰则奸宄愈取。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "人多利器則下難知、民彌貧而多利巧則奇物滋起、法令滋彰而盜賊多有。", "thesisTrad": "人多利器則下難知、民彌貧而多利巧則奇物滋起、法令滋彰而盜賊多有。", "noteIds": [ "c018" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "人多利器则下难知、民弥贫而多利巧则奇物滋起、法令滋彰而盗贼多有。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "利器為權謀、趨末伎則非常無益之物作、法令多則民無所措手足。", "thesisTrad": "利器為權謀、趨末伎則非常無益之物作、法令多則民無所措手足。", "noteIds": [ "c044", "c051", "c057" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "利器为权谋、趋末伎则非常无益之物作、法令多则民无所措手足。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "利器為利便之器、技巧為末業、法令彰明易犯，八句所言二事。", "thesisTrad": "利器為利便之器、技巧為末業、法令彰明易犯，八句所言二事。", "noteIds": [ "c037" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "利器为利便之器、技巧为末业、法令彰明易犯，八句所言二事。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "賢者在野釋利器，人心雕琢、貪愈甚釋技巧奇物法令。", "thesisTrad": "賢者在野釋利器，人心雕琢、貪愈甚釋技巧奇物法令。", "noteIds": [ "c021" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "贤者在野释利器，人心雕琢、贪愈甚释技巧奇物法令。" }, "wangfuzhi": { "workType": "衍", "workTypeTrad": "衍", "thesis": "無名無器、無器無利、無利無巧，無巧則法無所試。", "thesisTrad": "無名無器、無器無利、無利無巧，無巧則法無所試。", "noteIds": [ "c022" ], "workTypeSimp": "衍", "thesisSimp": "无名无器、无器无利、无利无巧，无巧则法无所试。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c038", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公以權釋利器立說。", "textTrad": "河上公以權釋利器立說。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公以权释利器立说。" }, { "noteId": "c039", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "王弼以利己之器、民强國弱申之。", "textTrad": "王弼以利己之器、民强國弱申之。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "王弼以利己之器、民强国弱申之。" }, { "noteId": "c040", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英以干戈、荒亂分疏。", "textTrad": "成玄英以干戈、荒亂分疏。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英以干戈、荒乱分疏。" }, { "noteId": "c041", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "唐玄宗以權謀、譎詐立說。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗以權謀、譎詐立說。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "唐玄宗以权谋、谲诈立说。" }, { "noteId": "c043", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮以機權兵器轉進。", "textTrad": "李榮以機權兵器轉進。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣以机权兵器转进。" }, { "noteId": "c044", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "蘇轍以權謀、末伎對舉。", "textTrad": "蘇轍以權謀、末伎對舉。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "苏辙以权谋、末伎对举。" }, { "noteId": "c037", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄以八句二事總結。", "textTrad": "吳澄以八句二事總結。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄以八句二事总结。" }, { "noteId": "c022", "relation": "衍", "relationTrad": "衍", "text": "王夫之以無器無利、法無所試別釋。", "textTrad": "王夫之以無器無利、法無所試別釋。", "relationSimp": "衍", "textSimp": "王夫之以无器无利、法无所试别释。" } ], "nameSimp": "民多利器，国家滋昏；人多伎巧，奇物滋起；法令滋彰，盗贼多有", "questionSimp": "利器、伎巧、法令三者何以相因并起？", "introSimp": "河上公以利器为权，民多权则上下不亲；伎巧为刻画宫观、雕琢章服；法物为珍好之物，滋生彰着则农事废、饥寒并至。王弼以利器为利己之器，民强则国弱；民多智慧则巧伪生、邪事起；法令滋彰乃舍本治末。成玄英以利器为干戈、伎巧为机心、法物犹法令，皆昏乱之世不崇文德所致。唐玄宗御注以利器为权谋、伎巧为奢、法令为窃法为奸；御疏以权谋多则下应以谲诈、浮华则百姓效上、法令彰则吏窃法为奸。李荣以机权兵器多则恐乱、奇巧异物生则上下相玩、法物珍好则盗贼斯起。陆希声以百姓有欲则多利用器具、民多智慧则邪事滋起、法令滋彰则奸宄愈取。吕惠卿以人多利器则下难知、民弥贫而多利巧则奇物滋起、法令滋彰而盗贼多有。苏辙以利器为权谋、趋末伎则非常无益之物作、法令多则民无所措手足。吴澄以利器为利便之器、技巧为末业、法令彰明易犯，八句所言二事。憨山以贤者在野释利器，以人心雕琢、贪愈甚释技巧奇物法令。王夫之以无名无器、无器无利、无利无巧，无巧则法无所试。诸家或以利器为权谋、或以利器为器用，大旨以多欲多事则奇物法令滋起而盗贼多有。" }, { "id": "wo-wu-wei-er-min-zi-hua", "name": "我無為而民自化，我好靜而民自正，我無事而民自富，我無欲而民自樸", "nameTrad": "我無為而民自化，我好靜而民自正，我無事而民自富，我無欲而民自樸", "question": "無為、好靜、無事、無欲四者如何各致其效？", "questionTrad": "無為、好靜、無事、無欲四者如何各致其效？", "intro": "河上公以修道承天、不言不教、無徭役、無華飾分釋四句，謂民自化、自正、自富、自樸。王弼以四句為崇本息末，上之所欲民從之速，我之所欲唯無欲而民亦無欲而自樸。成玄英以主上虚淡無爲、下民化惡從善，心既無爲、迹又無事，在上好靜、不擾於民，君上寡欲少私、百姓知足守分。唐玄宗御注以無爲則清淨、無事則不擾、好靜則得化、無欲則全和；御疏以不尚伎巧、無所禁忌、上無賦斂、人生而靜、内守沖和分釋。李榮以前四種有爲之病，說四種無爲之藥，化、富、正、樸各有其義。陸希聲以我無爲則人遂其生、我無事則民復其業、我好靜則人保天眞、我無欲則人絕夸企。呂惠卿以四句為取天下常以無事之證，無爲好靜則民多利巧、奇物、法令、盜賊之弊無有，無事無欲則忌諱、利器之弊無有。吳澄以無爲、好靜、無欲皆無事，民自然而化、正、富、樸。憨山以四句為古聖人之言，總結有事多欲之過。諸家或以四句為四種無為之效，或以化、正、富、樸各有次序，大旨以無為、好靜、無事、無欲為治天下之要。", "introTrad": "河上公以修道承天、不言不教、無徭役、無華飾分釋四句，謂民自化、自正、自富、自樸。王弼以四句為崇本息末，上之所欲民從之速，我之所欲唯無欲而民亦無欲而自樸。成玄英以主上虚淡無爲、下民化惡從善，心既無爲、迹又無事，在上好靜、不擾於民，君上寡欲少私、百姓知足守分。唐玄宗御注以無爲則清淨、無事則不擾、好靜則得化、無欲則全和；御疏以不尚伎巧、無所禁忌、上無賦斂、人生而靜、内守沖和分釋。李榮以前四種有爲之病，說四種無爲之藥，化、富、正、樸各有其義。陸希聲以我無爲則人遂其生、我無事則民復其業、我好靜則人保天眞、我無欲則人絕夸企。呂惠卿以四句為取天下常以無事之證，無爲好靜則民多利巧、奇物、法令、盜賊之弊無有，無事無欲則忌諱、利器之弊無有。吳澄以無爲、好靜、無欲皆無事，民自然而化、正、富、樸。憨山以四句為古聖人之言，總結有事多欲之過。諸家或以四句為四種無為之效，或以化、正、富、樸各有次序，大旨以無為、好靜、無事、無欲為治天下之要。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "修道承天、不言不教、無徭役、無華飾，民自化、自正、自富、自樸。", "thesisTrad": "修道承天、不言不教、無徭役、無華飾，民自化、自正、自富、自樸。", "noteIds": [ "c058", "c059", "c065", "c068", "c071" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "修道承天、不言不教、无徭役、无华饰，民自化、自正、自富、自朴。" }, "wangbi": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "四句為崇本息末；上之所欲民從之速，我之所欲唯無欲而民亦無欲而自樸。", "thesisTrad": "四句為崇本息末；上之所欲民從之速，我之所欲唯無欲而民亦無欲而自樸。", "noteIds": [ "c060" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "四句为崇本息末；上之所欲民从之速，我之所欲唯无欲而民亦无欲而自朴。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "主上虚淡無爲、下民化惡從善，心既無爲、迹又無事，好靜不擾、寡欲少私。", "thesisTrad": "主上虚淡無爲、下民化惡從善，心既無爲、迹又無事，好靜不擾、寡欲少私。", "noteIds": [ "c061", "c066", "c069", "c072" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "主上虚淡无为、下民化恶从善，心既无为、迹又无事，好静不扰、寡欲少私。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "御注以無爲則清淨、無事則不擾、好靜則得化、無欲則全和；御疏以不尚伎巧、無所禁忌、上無賦斂、内守沖和分釋。", "thesisTrad": "御注以無爲則清淨、無事則不擾、好靜則得化、無欲則全和；御疏以不尚伎巧、無所禁忌、上無賦斂、内守沖和分釋。", "noteIds": [ "c062", "c063", "c067", "c070", "c073" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "御注以无为则清净、无事则不扰、好静则得化、无欲则全和；御疏以不尚伎巧、无所禁忌、上无赋敛、内守冲和分释。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "前四種有爲之病，說四種無爲之藥，化、富、正、樸各有其義。", "thesisTrad": "前四種有爲之病，說四種無爲之藥，化、富、正、樸各有其義。", "noteIds": [ "c064" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "前四种有为之病，说四种无为之药，化、富、正、朴各有其义。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "我無爲則人遂其生、我無事則民復其業、我好靜則人保天眞、我無欲則人絕夸企。", "thesisTrad": "我無爲則人遂其生、我無事則民復其業、我好靜則人保天眞、我無欲則人絕夸企。", "noteIds": [ "c017" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "我无为则人遂其生、我无事则民复其业、我好静则人保天真、我无欲则人绝夸企。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "四句為取天下常以無事之證，無爲好靜、無事無欲則眾弊無有。", "thesisTrad": "四句為取天下常以無事之證，無爲好靜、無事無欲則眾弊無有。", "noteIds": [ "c074" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "四句为取天下常以无事之证，无为好静、无事无欲则众弊无有。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "無爲、好靜、無欲皆無事，民自然而化、正、富、樸。", "thesisTrad": "無爲、好靜、無欲皆無事，民自然而化、正、富、樸。", "noteIds": [ "c075" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "无为、好静、无欲皆无事，民自然而化、正、富、朴。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "四句為古聖人之言，總結有事多欲之過。", "thesisTrad": "四句為古聖人之言，總結有事多欲之過。", "noteIds": [ "c021" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "四句为古圣人之言，总结有事多欲之过。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c058", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公以聖人言下事立說。", "textTrad": "河上公以聖人言下事立說。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公以圣人言下事立说。" }, { "noteId": "c060", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "王弼以崇本息末申之。", "textTrad": "王弼以崇本息末申之。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "王弼以崇本息末申之。" }, { "noteId": "c061", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英以虚淡無爲分疏。", "textTrad": "成玄英以虚淡無爲分疏。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英以虚淡无为分疏。" }, { "noteId": "c062", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "唐玄宗以清淨不擾立說。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗以清淨不擾立說。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "唐玄宗以清净不扰立说。" }, { "noteId": "c064", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮以四種無為之藥轉進。", "textTrad": "李榮以四種無為之藥轉進。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣以四种无为之药转进。" }, { "noteId": "c017", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "陸希聲以遂生復業、保真絕夸對舉。", "textTrad": "陸希聲以遂生復業、保真絕夸對舉。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "陆希声以遂生复业、保真绝夸对举。" }, { "noteId": "c074", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "呂惠卿以取天下常以無事之證總結。", "textTrad": "呂惠卿以取天下常以無事之證總結。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "吕惠卿以取天下常以无事之证总结。" }, { "noteId": "c075", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄以無爲好靜無欲皆無事別釋。", "textTrad": "吳澄以無爲好靜無欲皆無事別釋。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄以无为好静无欲皆无事别释。" } ], "nameSimp": "我无为而民自化，我好静而民自正，我无事而民自富，我无欲而民自朴", "questionSimp": "无为、好静、无事、无欲四者如何各致其效？", "introSimp": "河上公以修道承天、不言不教、无徭役、无华饰分释四句，谓民自化、自正、自富、自朴。王弼以四句为崇本息末，上之所欲民从之速，我之所欲唯无欲而民亦无欲而自朴。成玄英以主上虚淡无为、下民化恶从善，心既无为、迹又无事，在上好静、不扰于民，君上寡欲少私、百姓知足守分。唐玄宗御注以无为则清净、无事则不扰、好静则得化、无欲则全和；御疏以不尚伎巧、无所禁忌、上无赋敛、人生而静、内守冲和分释。李荣以前四种有为之病，说四种无为之药，化、富、正、朴各有其义。陆希声以我无为则人遂其生、我无事则民复其业、我好静则人保天真、我无欲则人绝夸企。吕惠卿以四句为取天下常以无事之证，无为好静则民多利巧、奇物、法令、盗贼之弊无有，无事无欲则忌讳、利器之弊无有。吴澄以无为、好静、无欲皆无事，民自然而化、正、富、朴。憨山以四句为古圣人之言，总结有事多欲之过。诸家或以四句为四种无为之效，或以化、正、富、朴各有次序，大旨以无为、好静、无事、无欲为治天下之要。" } ], "requiredSources": [ "heshanggong", "tangxuanzong" ] }, "schema": "librebook.chapter/1", "generatedAt": "2026-10-30T11:41:46.922Z", "keyPrefix": "laozi-57", "idRules": { "chapter": "章节目录名（slug），如 01；URL 为 /laozi/01/。", "sentence": "章内局部编号 sNNN，全篇引用使用 laozi-01:sNNN；页面锚点继续使用 #sNNN。", "commentary": "章内注号 cNNN，字词注 nNNN，校记 kNNN；编号在章内稳定，跨章引用时加章节前缀。", "paragraph": "章内段落号 pNNN，与 sentence.paragraph 对应。" }, "book": { "id": "laozi", "slug": "laozi", "title": "老子", "titleSimp": "老子", "author": "老聃", "authorSimp": "老聃", "era": "春秋", "eraSimp": "春秋", "editor": "河上公、王弼等", "editorSimp": "河上公、王弼等", "edition": "王弼《老子注》", "editionSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "baseLabel": "王弼《老子注》", "baseLabelSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "separationLabel": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英義疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、嚴遵指歸、李榮注、陸希聲傳、呂惠卿傳、蘇轍老子解、吳澄道德真經注、憨山道德經解、魏源老子本義、俞樾平議、王夫之老子衍十四家", "separationLabelSimp": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英义疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、严遵指归、李荣注、陆希声传、吕惠卿传、苏辙老子解、吴澄道德真经注、憨山道德经解、魏源老子本义、俞樾平议、王夫之老子衍十四家", "intro": "《老子》八十一章，分道經、德經。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》為底本，逐章整理正文、舊注、今譯與校記；第一至八十一章已上線，全帙完竣。", "introSimp": "《老子》八十一章，分道经、德经。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》为底本，逐章整理正文、旧注、今译与校记；第一至八十一章已上线，全帙完竣。" }, "volume": { "id": "dejing", "order": 2, "title": "德經", "titleSimp": "德经" }, "chapter": { "id": "laozi-57", "slug": "57", "order": 57, "title": "第五十七章", "titleSimp": "第五十七章", "status": "published", "revision": "初校", "review": "待复核", "updated": "2026-10-30", "summary": "全章十句：首句言以正治國、以奇用兵、以無事取天下；第二句言吾何以知其然哉、以此；第三句言天下多忌諱而民彌貧；第四句言民多利器、國家滋昏；第五句言人多伎巧、奇物滋起；第六句言法令滋彰、盜賊多有；第七至十句言聖人云我無為而民自化、我好靜而民自正、我無事而民自富、我無欲而民自樸。河上公以「以」為「至」，分正身、詐僞、無事之人使至有國、用兵、取天下，忌諱為防禁、利器為權、伎巧為彫琢、法物為珍好，末以修道承天、不言不教、無徭役、無華飾分釋四句；王弼以道治國則國平、以正治國則奇正起，立辟攻末、本不立而末淺，故必至奇兵，多忌諱、利器、伎巧、法令皆舍本治末，末以四句為崇本息末；成玄英以政為名教法律、奇為譎詐、無事為凝神垂拱，忌諱為禁制、利器為干戈、伎巧為機心，末以四句為四種無為之藥；唐玄宗御注以政教、奇詐、無事分釋，御疏以政煩網密、權謀多、浮華、法令彰逐標申說，末以清淨、不擾、好靜、無欲分釋四句；嚴遵以無心大同、無求之得為說，謂不若使天下不事智力；李榮以平均正直為政、兵不厭詐為奇、垂旒塞耳為無事，末以化、富、正、樸為四種無為之藥；陸希聲以正名、奇謀僅足救患，唯無事可以取天下之心，並引《三墳》之文；呂惠卿以國容軍容不同，正者常久、奇者應變，有事不足以取天下；蘇轍以柔遠能邇、無意用兵，天下神器不可為，唯體道者廓然無事而天下歸之；吳澄以正為法制禁令、奇為權謀詭詐，管商、孫吳各得一偏，唯三皇無為之治可以取天下，忌諱、利器、技巧、法令八句所言二事，其效至於民貧政昏；憨山以清淨無欲為正，奇巧詐術只可用兵，忌諱、利器、技巧、法令皆有事，無事乃取天下之具；魏源此章與下章合為其第五十章，無自己疏解，僅存校記；王夫之以正必至奇、治國必至用兵，無事者正所正而我不治，故無名無器、無利無巧而法無所試。河上公十三注、王弼六注、成玄英十二注、唐玄宗御注御疏十九注、嚴遵一輯文、李榮九注、陸希聲一段、呂惠卿二段、蘇轍五注、吳澄四注、憨山一段、魏源一條、王夫之一段；俞樾此章未列，故十三家。河上公題「淳風」，《玄德纂疏》題「以政治國章」，蘇轍、呂惠卿題「以正治國章」；吳澄以此章合王弼第五十八章為其第四十九章，魏源以此章與下章合為其第五十章。王弼本作「以正治國」「民多利器」「人多伎巧」「法令滋彰」，河上公作「法物滋彰」，《玄德纂疏》、呂惠卿、王夫之作「人多利器」，陸希聲作「民多智慧，邪事滋起」，魏源作「法令滋章」，並見校記。", "summarySimp": "全章十句：首句言以正治国、以奇用兵、以无事取天下；第二句言吾何以知其然哉、以此；第三句言天下多忌讳而民弥贫；第四句言民多利器、国家滋昏；第五句言人多伎巧、奇物滋起；第六句言法令滋彰、盗贼多有；第七至十句言圣人云我无为而民自化、我好静而民自正、我无事而民自富、我无欲而民自朴。河上公以「以」为「至」，分正身、诈伪、无事之人使至有国、用兵、取天下，忌讳为防禁、利器为权、伎巧为雕琢、法物为珍好，末以修道承天、不言不教、无徭役、无华饰分释四句；王弼以道治国则国平、以正治国则奇正起，立辟攻末、本不立而末浅，故必至奇兵，多忌讳、利器、伎巧、法令皆舍本治末，末以四句为崇本息末；成玄英以政为名教法律、奇为谲诈、无事为凝神垂拱，忌讳为禁制、利器为干戈、伎巧为机心，末以四句为四种无为之药；唐玄宗御注以政教、奇诈、无事分释，御疏以政烦网密、权谋多、浮华、法令彰逐标申说，末以清净、不扰、好静、无欲分释四句；严遵以无心大同、无求之得为说，谓不若使天下不事智力；李荣以平均正直为政、兵不厌诈为奇、垂旒塞耳为无事，末以化、富、正、朴为四种无为之药；陆希声以正名、奇谋仅足救患，唯无事可以取天下之心，并引《三坟》之文；吕惠卿以国容军容不同，正者常久、奇者应变，有事不足以取天下；苏辙以柔远能迩、无意用兵，天下神器不可为，唯体道者廓然无事而天下归之；吴澄以正为法制禁令、奇为权谋诡诈，管商、孙吴各得一偏，唯三皇无为之治可以取天下，忌讳、利器、技巧、法令八句所言二事，其效至于民贫政昏；憨山以清净无欲为正，奇巧诈术只可用兵，忌讳、利器、技巧、法令皆有事，无事乃取天下之具；魏源此章与下章合为其第五十章，无自己疏解，仅存校记；王夫之以正必至奇、治国必至用兵，无事者正所正而我不治，故无名无器、无利无巧而法无所试。河上公十三注、王弼六注、成玄英十二注、唐玄宗御注御疏十九注、严遵一辑文、李荣九注、陆希声一段、吕惠卿二段、苏辙五注、吴澄四注、憨山一段、魏源一条、王夫之一段；俞樾此章未列，故十三家。河上公题「淳风」，《玄德纂疏》题「以政治国章」，苏辙、吕惠卿题「以正治国章」；吴澄以此章合王弼第五十八章为其第四十九章，魏源以此章与下章合为其第五十章。王弼本作「以正治国」「民多利器」「人多伎巧」「法令滋彰」，河上公作「法物滋彰」，《玄德纂疏》、吕惠卿、王夫之作「人多利器」，陆希声作「民多智慧，邪事滋起」，魏源作「法令滋章」，并见校记。", 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