{ "meta": { "book": { "id": "laozi", "title": "老子", "titleSimp": "老子", "author": "老聃", "authorSimp": "老聃", "era": "春秋", "eraSimp": "春秋", "editor": "河上公、王弼等", "editorSimp": "河上公、王弼等", "edition": "王弼《老子注》", "editionSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "slug": "laozi", "baseLabel": "王弼《老子注》", "baseLabelSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "separationLabel": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英義疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、嚴遵指歸、李榮注、陸希聲傳、呂惠卿傳、蘇轍老子解、吳澄道德真經注、憨山道德經解、魏源老子本義、俞樾平議、王夫之老子衍十四家", "separationLabelSimp": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英义疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、严遵指归、李荣注、陆希声传、吕惠卿传、苏辙老子解、吴澄道德真经注、憨山道德经解、魏源老子本义、俞樾平议、王夫之老子衍十四家", "intro": "《老子》八十一章，分道經、德經。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》為底本，逐章整理正文、舊注、今譯與校記；第一至八十一章已上線，全帙完竣。", "introSimp": "《老子》八十一章，分道经、德经。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》为底本，逐章整理正文、旧注、今译与校记；第一至八十一章已上线，全帙完竣。" }, "chapter": { "id": "laozi-60", "no": 60, "part": "德經", "partSimp": "德经", "title": "第六十章", "titleSimp": "第六十章", "intro": "《老子》第六十章，河上公題「居位第六十」；《玄德纂疏》、呂惠卿、蘇轍題「治大國章第六十」，王弼本無章題；吳澄此章為其第五十一章，魏源此章為其第五十二章，王夫之標「六十章」。王弼道藏本正文五句：治大國若烹小鮮；以道蒞天下，其鬼不神；非其鬼不神，其神不傷人；非其神不傷人，聖人亦不傷人；夫兩不相傷，故德交歸焉。全章以「不擾」為宗：治大國如烹小鮮，不可撓動；以道臨天下，則鬼不顯靈；非鬼不神，其神不傷人；非神不傷人，聖人亦不傷人；兩不相傷，故德交歸。河上公以烹小魚不去腸鱗、不敢撓，喻治國煩則下亂、治身煩則精散；以道德居位則鬼不敢見精神犯人；邪不入正，不能傷自然之人；聖人在位不傷害人，故鬼不敢干；末以人得治於陽、鬼得治於陰、各全性命精神釋德交歸。王弼以不擾釋烹小鮮，躁則多害、靜則全真，故國彌大而主彌靜；以道蒞天下則鬼不神；神不害自然，物守自然則神無所加，故不知神之為神；道洽則神不傷人、聖人亦不傷人，不知神聖之為神聖乃道之極；末以神聖合道、交歸之釋之。成玄英分章為三：初舉理國之喻不可有為、次明德及鬼神兩無傷害、末結歎交歸之德以勸有國之君；以神為靈驗，非鬼無靈驗，但福祐於人不損傷物，諂媚之心不能傷正行；引張係師、陸先生本「之」字，謂聖人以道蒞天下制伏邪惡故鬼不復傷害於人；末以幽顯得所、恩德往來、內外兩行交歸於己為說。唐玄宗御疏以烹小魚不可撓、撓則魚潰，喻理大國不可煩、煩則人亂；御注以鬼不見怪傷人釋其神不傷人，御疏以妖由人釁、人恒其德則神不見怪申之，並引《春秋》「其氣焰以取之」；御注以聖人無為清靜故鬼不見神怪，御疏以聖人以道臨人、無為不擾、百姓自正申之；末以鬼神傷人則害國虧本、聖人傷人則匱神乏祀，兩不傷物故德交歸，御疏謂豈唯神聖獨豐、抑亦兆人咸賴。李榮以治國煩則下亂、修身煩則精散發端，以蒞為臨，謂上德之化人自安任、不傍請鬼神，故處幽之鬼無以效其明靈；非鬼無精靈，由上用於正道故邪不為害；聖人在上德被幽明，鬼神無害由聖不傷；末以聖人慈善、鬼神正直，慈善處顯、正直在幽，俱以德澤交歸眾人。陸希聲以治萬乘之國若烹膚寸之鮮，要在不撓，撓則魚傷糜爛；以道蒞天下亦要在不擾，擾則民傷潰亂；聖人之治要在不傷人，鬼神感聖德亦不敢傷人；引《易》睽上九見豕載鬼之喻，謂鬼以害物為神，不能害物者由神不傷人、聖人不傷人；末以人神相依、兩不相傷、幽明之感皆歸德於聖人釋德交歸。呂惠卿以得有國之母以治國雖大无難，烹小鮮尤當全之而不割，以道蒞天下謂之大制亦不割以傷之；鬼與人雜擾而見其神則不能不傷人，聖人以道蒞天下使人不淫性、不遷德，无大喜大怒以干陰陽之和，故聖人亦不傷人；陰陽和靜、鬼神不擾、萬物不傷、群生不夭，則其神不傷人；末以神歸德於人、人亦歸德於神釋兩不相傷。蘇轍以烹小鮮不可撓、治大國不可煩，煩則人勞、撓則魚爛；聖人無為使人各安自然、外無所求內無所畏，則物莫能侵、鬼無所用神；非鬼不神，亦有神而不傷人，聖人未嘗傷人故鬼無能為；末以人鬼不相傷由上有聖人故德交歸之。吳澄以小鮮為小魚，國大民眾當以簡靜、不可擾動，如烹小魚唯恐壞爛；以蒞為臨，鬼為天地之氣神靈怪，民氣和平充塞兩間、天地之氣無或乖戾，故鬼不為靈怪興妖災；非鬼不靈怪，雖能靈怪而不為妖災傷害人，由聖人使民氣和平不傷害天地之氣；末以交為皆，天地之氣與聖人兩不相傷，皆由於聖人之德故皆歸德於聖人。憨山以此言無為之益、福利於民，反顯有為之害；治大國以安靜無擾為主，行所無事則民安居樂業，烹小鮮不可撓，撓則靡爛不全；虐政害民、災害並至，不知為政之道乃以鬼神為厲傷人，若以道德君臨天下則和氣致祥，雖有鬼亦不神；鬼神非無，洋洋如在，但為民之福不為民害；聖人含哺百姓如保赤子，與天地合德、鬼神合吉凶，絕無傷民之意，故鬼神協和致福；末以兩不相傷、其德交歸，此無為之德福民如此。魏源此章為其第五十二章，正文從《韓非子》，校記出「者」「也」「民」「則」諸異文，並引《韓非子·解老》與王弼注；韓非以法令數更、烹鮮數撓為喻，謂有道之君貴清靜而重變法，治世鬼神不與人相害，上不與民相害、鬼不與人相傷則德盡在於民。王夫之標「六十章」，以動天下之形猶餘其氣、動天下之氣則動無餘，烹小鮮而撓之未嘗傷小鮮而氣已傷；天下有鬼神揉治亂於無形，吾身有鬼神燥生死於無形，殺機一動則龍蛇起陸而生德戕，靜則無、動則有，故唯「蒞之而已」。本站以王弼《老子注》道藏本為底本，分列河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英義疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、李榮注、陸希聲傳、呂惠卿傳、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》與王夫之《老子衍》，並附編者今譯。嚴遵《指歸》此章《玄德纂疏》卷十六無輯文，故不列；俞樾《諸子平議》此章未列。", "introSimp": "《老子》第六十章，河上公题「居位第六十」；《玄德纂疏》、吕惠卿、苏辙题「治大国章第六十」，王弼本无章题；吴澄此章为其第五十一章，魏源此章为其第五十二章，王夫之标「六十章」。王弼道藏本正文五句：治大国若烹小鲜；以道莅天下，其鬼不神；非其鬼不神，其神不伤人；非其神不伤人，圣人亦不伤人；夫两不相伤，故德交归焉。全章以「不扰」为宗：治大国如烹小鲜，不可挠动；以道临天下，则鬼不显灵；非鬼不神，其神不伤人；非神不伤人，圣人亦不伤人；两不相伤，故德交归。河上公以烹小鱼不去肠鳞、不敢挠，喻治国烦则下乱、治身烦则精散；以道德居位则鬼不敢见精神犯人；邪不入正，不能伤自然之人；圣人在位不伤害人，故鬼不敢干；末以人得治于阳、鬼得治于阴、各全性命精神释德交归。王弼以不扰释烹小鲜，躁则多害、静则全真，故国弥大而主弥静；以道莅天下则鬼不神；神不害自然，物守自然则神无所加，故不知神之为神；道洽则神不伤人、圣人亦不伤人，不知神圣之为神圣乃道之极；末以神圣合道、交归之释之。成玄英分章为三：初举理国之喻不可有为、次明德及鬼神两无伤害、末结叹交归之德以劝有国之君；以神为灵验，非鬼无灵验，但福祐于人不损伤物，谄媚之心不能伤正行；引张系师、陆先生本「之」字，谓圣人以道莅天下制伏邪恶故鬼不复伤害于人；末以幽显得所、恩德往来、内外两行交归于己为说。唐玄宗御疏以烹小鱼不可挠、挠则鱼溃，喻理大国不可烦、烦则人乱；御注以鬼不见怪伤人释其神不伤人，御疏以妖由人衅、人恒其德则神不见怪申之，并引《春秋》「其气焰以取之」；御注以圣人无为清静故鬼不见神怪，御疏以圣人以道临人、无为不扰、百姓自正申之；末以鬼神伤人则害国亏本、圣人伤人则匮神乏祀，两不伤物故德交归，御疏谓岂唯神圣独丰、抑亦兆人咸赖。李荣以治国烦则下乱、修身烦则精散发端，以莅为临，谓上德之化人自安任、不傍请鬼神，故处幽之鬼无以效其明灵；非鬼无精灵，由上用于正道故邪不为害；圣人在上德被幽明，鬼神无害由圣不伤；末以圣人慈善、鬼神正直，慈善处显、正直在幽，俱以德泽交归众人。陆希声以治万乘之国若烹肤寸之鲜，要在不挠，挠则鱼伤糜烂；以道莅天下亦要在不扰，扰则民伤溃乱；圣人之治要在不伤人，鬼神感圣德亦不敢伤人；引《易》睽上九见豕载鬼之喻，谓鬼以害物为神，不能害物者由神不伤人、圣人不伤人；末以人神相依、两不相伤、幽明之感皆归德于圣人释德交归。吕惠卿以得有国之母以治国虽大无难，烹小鲜尤当全之而不割，以道莅天下谓之大制亦不割以伤之；鬼与人杂扰而见其神则不能不伤人，圣人以道莅天下使人不淫性、不迁德，无大喜大怒以干阴阳之和，故圣人亦不伤人；阴阳和静、鬼神不扰、万物不伤、群生不夭，则其神不伤人；末以神归德于人、人亦归德于神释两不相伤。苏辙以烹小鲜不可挠、治大国不可烦，烦则人劳、挠则鱼烂；圣人无为使人各安自然、外无所求内无所畏，则物莫能侵、鬼无所用神；非鬼不神，亦有神而不伤人，圣人未尝伤人故鬼无能为；末以人鬼不相伤由上有圣人故德交归之。吴澄以小鲜为小鱼，国大民众当以简静、不可扰动，如烹小鱼唯恐坏烂；以莅为临，鬼为天地之气神灵怪，民气和平充塞两间、天地之气无或乖戾，故鬼不为灵怪兴妖灾；非鬼不灵怪，虽能灵怪而不为妖灾伤害人，由圣人使民气和平不伤害天地之气；末以交为皆，天地之气与圣人两不相伤，皆由于圣人之德故皆归德于圣人。憨山以此言无为之益、福利于民，反显有为之害；治大国以安静无扰为主，行所无事则民安居乐业，烹小鲜不可挠，挠则靡烂不全；虐政害民、灾害并至，不知为政之道乃以鬼神为厉伤人，若以道德君临天下则和气致祥，虽有鬼亦不神；鬼神非无，洋洋如在，但为民之福不为民害；圣人含哺百姓如保赤子，与天地合德、鬼神合吉凶，绝无伤民之意，故鬼神协和致福；末以两不相伤、其德交归，此无为之德福民如此。魏源此章为其第五十二章，正文从《韩非子》，校记出「者」「也」「民」「则」诸异文，并引《韩非子·解老》与王弼注；韩非以法令数更、烹鲜数挠为喻，谓有道之君贵清静而重变法，治世鬼神不与人相害，上不与民相害、鬼不与人相伤则德尽在于民。王夫之标「六十章」，以动天下之形犹余其气、动天下之气则动无余，烹小鲜而挠之未尝伤小鲜而气已伤；天下有鬼神揉治乱于无形，吾身有鬼神燥生死于无形，杀机一动则龙蛇起陆而生德戕，静则无、动则有，故唯「莅之而已」。本站以王弼《老子注》道藏本为底本，分列河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英义疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、李荣注、陆希声传、吕惠卿传、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》与王夫之《老子衍》，并附编者今译。严遵《指归》此章《玄德纂疏》卷十六无辑文，故不列；俞樾《诸子平议》此章未列。", "guide": "點擊任一句可展開句注；點擊字詞可看本句訓釋；按「諸家並觀」可將同一句的舊注並列對讀，本章十二家舊注。河上公、王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮逐句或分段分疏；陸希聲一段、呂惠卿一段、蘇轍四條、吳澄四條、憨山一段（本站分六條）、魏源三條、王夫之二段。嚴遵《指歸》此章《玄德纂疏》卷十六無輯文，故不列；俞樾《諸子平議》此章未列。河上公題「居位」；《玄德纂疏》、呂惠卿、蘇轍題「治大國章」；吳澄此章為其第五十一章，魏源此章為其第五十二章，王夫之標「六十章」。王弼本正文作「治大國若烹小鮮」「以道蒞天下」「聖人亦不傷人」「故德交歸焉」；魏源從《韓非子》作「治大國者」「以道蒞天下者」「非其鬼不神也」「非其神不傷人也」「聖人亦不傷民」「則德交歸焉」；陸希聲、吳澄作「以道莅天下者」，吳澄作「聖人亦不傷之」；呂惠卿作「其神不傷民」「聖人亦不傷民」；憨山作「故其德交歸焉」。", "guideSimp": "点击任一句可展开句注；点击字词可看本句训释；按「诸家并观」可将同一句的旧注并列对读，本章十二家旧注。河上公、王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、李荣逐句或分段分疏；陆希声一段、吕惠卿一段、苏辙四条、吴澄四条、憨山一段（本站分六条）、魏源三条、王夫之二段。严遵《指归》此章《玄德纂疏》卷十六无辑文，故不列；俞樾《诸子平议》此章未列。河上公题「居位」；《玄德纂疏》、吕惠卿、苏辙题「治大国章」；吴澄此章为其第五十一章，魏源此章为其第五十二章，王夫之标「六十章」。王弼本正文作「治大国若烹小鲜」「以道莅天下」「圣人亦不伤人」「故德交归焉」；魏源从《韩非子》作「治大国者」「以道莅天下者」「非其鬼不神也」「非其神不伤人也」「圣人亦不伤民」「则德交归焉」；陆希声、吴澄作「以道莅天下者」，吴澄作「圣人亦不伤之」；吕惠卿作「其神不伤民」「圣人亦不伤民」；憨山作「故其德交归焉」。", "slug": "60", "order": 60, "status": "published", "revision": "初校", "review": "待复核", "updated": "2026-10-30", "summary": "第六十章〈治大國章〉全章五句：首句言治大國若烹小鮮；第二句言以道蒞天下其鬼不神；第三句言非其鬼不神、其神不傷人；第四句言非其神不傷人、聖人亦不傷人；第五句言夫兩不相傷故德交歸焉。河上公以烹小魚不去腸鱗、不敢撓，喻治國煩則下亂、治身煩則精散，以道德居位則鬼不敢見精神犯人，聖人在位不傷害人故鬼不敢干，末以人得治於陽、鬼得治於陰釋德交歸；王弼以不擾釋烹小鮮，躁則多害、靜則全真，故國彌大而主彌靜，神不害自然、物守自然則神無所加，道洽則神不傷人、聖人亦不傷人，末以神聖合道、交歸之釋之；成玄英分章為三：初舉理國之喻不可有為、次明德及鬼神兩無傷害、末結歎交歸之德以勸有國之君，以神為靈驗，福祐於人不損傷物，引張係師、陸先生本「之」字，末以幽顯得所、恩德往來為說；唐玄宗御注御疏以烹小魚不可撓、撓則魚潰喻理大國不可煩，御注以鬼不見怪傷人釋其神不傷人，御疏以妖由人釁、人恒其德則神不見怪申之，末以鬼神傷人則害國虧本、兩不傷物故德交歸；李榮以治國煩則下亂、修身煩則精散發端，以蒞為臨，上德之化人自安任、不傍請鬼神，故處幽之鬼無以效其明靈，末以慈善處顯、正直在幽、俱以德澤交歸眾人；陸希聲以治萬乘之國若烹膚寸之鮮要在不撓，以道蒞天下亦要在不擾，引《易》睽上九見豕載鬼之喻，末以人神相依、幽明之感皆歸德於聖人；呂惠卿以得有國之母以治國雖大无難，烹小鮮尤當全之而不割，聖人以道蒞天下使人不淫性、不遷德，陰陽和靜、鬼神不擾則其神不傷人，末以神歸德於人、人亦歸德於神；蘇轍以烹小鮮不可撓、治大國不可煩，聖人無為使人各安自然則物莫能侵、鬼無所用神，末以人鬼不相傷由上有聖人故德交歸之；吳澄以小鮮為小魚，國大民眾當以簡靜，鬼為天地之氣神靈怪，民氣和平充塞兩間故鬼不為靈怪，末以交為皆、天地之氣與聖人兩不相傷故皆歸德於聖人；憨山以此言無為之益、福利於民，治大國以安靜無擾為主，以道德君臨天下則和氣致祥，雖有鬼亦不神，聖人含哺百姓如保赤子，末以兩不相傷、其德交歸；魏源此章為其第五十二章，正文從《韓非子》，校記出「者」「也」「民」「則」諸異文，並引《韓非子·解老》與王弼注，韓非以法令數更、烹鮮數撓為喻；王夫之標「六十章」，以動天下之形猶餘其氣、動天下之氣則動無餘，殺機一動則龍蛇起陸而生德戕，靜則無、動則有，故唯「蒞之而已」。河上公五注、王弼五注、成玄英四注、唐玄宗御注御疏七注、李榮四注、陸希聲一段、呂惠卿一段、蘇轍四注、吳澄四注、憨山一段（本站分六條）、魏源三條、王夫之二段；嚴遵《指歸》此章無輯文、俞樾此章未列，故十二家。河上公題「居位第六十」，《玄德纂疏》、呂惠卿、蘇轍題「治大國章第六十」，王弼本無章題；吳澄此章為其第五十一章，魏源此章為其第五十二章，王夫之標「六十章」。王弼本作「治大國若烹小鮮」「以道蒞天下」「聖人亦不傷人」「故德交歸焉」，魏源從《韓非子》作「治大國者」「以道蒞天下者」「非其鬼不神也」「非其神不傷人也」「聖人亦不傷民」「則德交歸焉」，陸希聲、吳澄作「以道莅天下者」，吳澄作「聖人亦不傷之」，呂惠卿作「其神不傷民」「聖人亦不傷民」，憨山作「故其德交歸焉」。並見校記。", "summarySimp": "第六十章〈治大国章〉全章五句：首句言治大国若烹小鲜；第二句言以道莅天下其鬼不神；第三句言非其鬼不神、其神不伤人；第四句言非其神不伤人、圣人亦不伤人；第五句言夫两不相伤故德交归焉。河上公以烹小鱼不去肠鳞、不敢挠，喻治国烦则下乱、治身烦则精散，以道德居位则鬼不敢见精神犯人，圣人在位不伤害人故鬼不敢干，末以人得治于阳、鬼得治于阴释德交归；王弼以不扰释烹小鲜，躁则多害、静则全真，故国弥大而主弥静，神不害自然、物守自然则神无所加，道洽则神不伤人、圣人亦不伤人，末以神圣合道、交归之释之；成玄英分章为三：初举理国之喻不可有为、次明德及鬼神两无伤害、末结叹交归之德以劝有国之君，以神为灵验，福祐于人不损伤物，引张系师、陆先生本「之」字，末以幽显得所、恩德往来为说；唐玄宗御注御疏以烹小鱼不可挠、挠则鱼溃喻理大国不可烦，御注以鬼不见怪伤人释其神不伤人，御疏以妖由人衅、人恒其德则神不见怪申之，末以鬼神伤人则害国亏本、两不伤物故德交归；李荣以治国烦则下乱、修身烦则精散发端，以莅为临，上德之化人自安任、不傍请鬼神，故处幽之鬼无以效其明灵，末以慈善处显、正直在幽、俱以德泽交归众人；陆希声以治万乘之国若烹肤寸之鲜要在不挠，以道莅天下亦要在不扰，引《易》睽上九见豕载鬼之喻，末以人神相依、幽明之感皆归德于圣人；吕惠卿以得有国之母以治国虽大无难，烹小鲜尤当全之而不割，圣人以道莅天下使人不淫性、不迁德，阴阳和静、鬼神不扰则其神不伤人，末以神归德于人、人亦归德于神；苏辙以烹小鲜不可挠、治大国不可烦，圣人无为使人各安自然则物莫能侵、鬼无所用神，末以人鬼不相伤由上有圣人故德交归之；吴澄以小鲜为小鱼，国大民众当以简静，鬼为天地之气神灵怪，民气和平充塞两间故鬼不为灵怪，末以交为皆、天地之气与圣人两不相伤故皆归德于圣人；憨山以此言无为之益、福利于民，治大国以安静无扰为主，以道德君临天下则和气致祥，虽有鬼亦不神，圣人含哺百姓如保赤子，末以两不相伤、其德交归；魏源此章为其第五十二章，正文从《韩非子》，校记出「者」「也」「民」「则」诸异文，并引《韩非子·解老》与王弼注，韩非以法令数更、烹鲜数挠为喻；王夫之标「六十章」，以动天下之形犹余其气、动天下之气则动无余，杀机一动则龙蛇起陆而生德戕，静则无、动则有，故唯「莅之而已」。河上公五注、王弼五注、成玄英四注、唐玄宗御注御疏七注、李荣四注、陆希声一段、吕惠卿一段、苏辙四注、吴澄四注、憨山一段（本站分六条）、魏源三条、王夫之二段；严遵《指归》此章无辑文、俞樾此章未列，故十二家。河上公题「居位第六十」，《玄德纂疏》、吕惠卿、苏辙题「治大国章第六十」，王弼本无章题；吴澄此章为其第五十一章，魏源此章为其第五十二章，王夫之标「六十章」。王弼本作「治大国若烹小鲜」「以道莅天下」「圣人亦不伤人」「故德交归焉」，魏源从《韩非子》作「治大国者」「以道莅天下者」「非其鬼不神也」「非其神不伤人也」「圣人亦不伤民」「则德交归焉」，陆希声、吴澄作「以道莅天下者」，吴澄作「圣人亦不伤之」，吕惠卿作「其神不伤民」「圣人亦不伤民」，憨山作「故其德交归焉」。并见校记。", "dataFile": "data/chapters/laozi-60.json", "relationsFile": "data/commentary-relations-laozi-60.json", "url": "/laozi/60/", "volumeId": "dejing", "volumeTitle": "德經", "volumeTitleSimp": "德经", "orderLabel": "第六十" }, "edition": { "base": "王弼《老子注》", "baseEdition": "王弼《老子注》道藏本（德經卷四）", "separation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》、王弼《老子道德經注》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》、王夫之《老子衍》諸本對校；河上公此章據四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引；成玄英、唐玄宗御注御疏、李榮此章據《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引；嚴遵《指歸》此章無輯文，不列", "punctuation": "數字轉錄所附現代標點，本站僅作閱讀輔助，尚未逐字復核原刻", "digital": "中華典藏網、識典古籍、大道家園公開轉錄、Kanripo 漢籍全文資料庫（僅作文字底本）", "caution": "王弼道藏本正文作「治大國若烹小鮮。以道蒞天下，其鬼不神。非其鬼不神，其神不傷人。非其神不傷人，聖人亦不傷人。夫兩不相傷，故德交歸焉」，本站分五句，首句讀作「治大國，若烹小鮮」。河上公題「居位第六十」；《玄德纂疏》、呂惠卿、蘇轍題「治大國章第六十」；吳澄此章為其第五十一章，魏源此章為其第五十二章，王夫之標「六十章」。諸本異文：魏源從《韓非子》作「治大國者若烹小鮮」「以道蒞天下者」「非其鬼不神也」「非其神不傷人也」「聖人亦不傷民」「夫兩不相傷，則德交歸焉」，校記云各本無「者」「也」字、各本作「亦不傷之」、傅奕作「亦不傷人」、各本「則」作「故」；陸希聲、吳澄作「以道莅天下者」；呂惠卿、《玄德纂疏》所引經文作「其神不傷民」「聖人亦不傷民」；吳澄作「聖人亦不傷之」；憨山作「故其德交歸焉」。正文從王弼道藏本，異文見校記。", "baseSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "baseEditionSimp": "王弼《老子注》道藏本（德经卷四）", "separationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》、王弼《老子道德经注》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、李荣《道德真经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》、王夫之《老子衍》诸本对校；河上公此章据四部丛刊本，参校《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引；成玄英、唐玄宗御注御疏、李荣此章据《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引；严遵《指归》此章无辑文，不列", "punctuationSimp": "数字转录所附现代标点，本站仅作阅读辅助，尚未逐字复核原刻", "digitalSimp": "中华典藏网、识典古籍、大道家园公开转录、Kanripo 汉籍全文资料库（仅作文字底本）", "cautionSimp": "王弼道藏本正文作「治大国若烹小鲜。以道莅天下，其鬼不神。非其鬼不神，其神不伤人。非其神不伤人，圣人亦不伤人。夫两不相伤，故德交归焉」，本站分五句，首句读作「治大国，若烹小鲜」。河上公题「居位第六十」；《玄德纂疏》、吕惠卿、苏辙题「治大国章第六十」；吴澄此章为其第五十一章，魏源此章为其第五十二章，王夫之标「六十章」。诸本异文：魏源从《韩非子》作「治大国者若烹小鲜」「以道莅天下者」「非其鬼不神也」「非其神不伤人也」「圣人亦不伤民」「夫两不相伤，则德交归焉」，校记云各本无「者」「也」字、各本作「亦不伤之」、傅奕作「亦不伤人」、各本「则」作「故」；陆希声、吴澄作「以道莅天下者」；吕惠卿、《玄德纂疏》所引经文作「其神不伤民」「圣人亦不伤民」；吴澄作「圣人亦不伤之」；憨山作「故其德交归焉」。正文从王弼道藏本，异文见校记。" }, "license": { "historical": "公有領域", "translation": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "code": "MIT" }, "stats": { "sentences": 5, "commentaries": 46, "charNotes": 10, "collations": 7 } }, "sources": [ { "id": "heshanggong", "name": "河上公章句", "short": "河上公", "author": "河上公", "work": "老子道德經章句", "era": "漢", "years": "傳漢文帝時", "color": "#a3542c", "desc": "分章句解，兼重治身與治國；此章題「居位第六十」，以烹小魚不去腸鱗、不敢撓，喻治國煩則下亂、治身煩則精散；以道德居位則鬼不敢見精神犯人，邪不入正不能傷自然之人；聖人在位不傷害人故鬼不敢干；末以人得治於陽、鬼得治於陰、各全性命精神釋德交歸。此章據四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引；注五條。", "count": 5, "nameSimp": "河上公章句", "workSimp": "老子道德经章句", "authorSimp": "河上公", "eraSimp": "汉", "yearsSimp": "传汉文帝时", "descSimp": "分章句解，兼重治身与治国；此章题「居位第六十」，以烹小鱼不去肠鳞、不敢挠，喻治国烦则下乱、治身烦则精散；以道德居位则鬼不敢见精神犯人，邪不入正不能伤自然之人；圣人在位不伤害人故鬼不敢干；末以人得治于阳、鬼得治于阴、各全性命精神释德交归。此章据四部丛刊本，参校《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引；注五条。", "shortSimp": "河上公" }, { "id": "wangbi", "name": "王弼注", "short": "王注", "author": "王弼", "work": "老子道德經注", "era": "曹魏", "years": "226–249", "color": "#8c5a2b", "desc": "以崇本息末、無為為宗；此章注五條，以不擾釋烹小鮮，躁則多害、靜則全真，故國彌大而主彌靜；神不害自然，物守自然則神無所加，故不知神之為神；道洽則神不傷人、聖人亦不傷人，不知神聖之為神聖乃道之極；末以神聖合道、交歸之。此章注據《道藏》本王弼《老子注》卷四，參校魏源《老子本義》所引。", "count": 5, "nameSimp": "王弼注", "workSimp": "老子道德经注", "authorSimp": "王弼", "eraSimp": "曹魏", "yearsSimp": "226–249", "descSimp": "以崇本息末、无为为宗；此章注五条，以不扰释烹小鲜，躁则多害、静则全真，故国弥大而主弥静；神不害自然，物守自然则神无所加，故不知神之为神；道洽则神不伤人、圣人亦不伤人，不知神圣之为神圣乃道之极；末以神圣合道、交归之。此章注据《道藏》本王弼《老子注》卷四，参校魏源《老子本义》所引。", "shortSimp": "王注" }, { "id": "chengxuanying", "name": "成玄英疏", "short": "成疏", "author": "成玄英", "work": "老子道德經義疏", "era": "唐", "years": "約 608–669", "color": "#6b7a4a", "desc": "以重玄雙遣為宗；此章《玄德纂疏》卷十六存章義與疏，分章為三：初舉理國之喻不可有為、次明德及鬼神兩無傷害、末結歎交歸之德以勸有國之君；以神為靈驗，非鬼無靈驗，但福祐於人不損傷物；引張係師、陸先生本「之」字，謂聖人以道蒞天下制伏邪惡故鬼不復傷害於人；末以幽顯得所、恩德往來、內外兩行交歸於己為說。章義一則、疏三條。", "count": 4, "nameSimp": "成玄英疏", "workSimp": "老子道德经义疏", "authorSimp": "成玄英", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "约 608–669", "descSimp": "以重玄双遣为宗；此章《玄德纂疏》卷十六存章义与疏，分章为三：初举理国之喻不可有为、次明德及鬼神两无伤害、末结叹交归之德以劝有国之君；以神为灵验，非鬼无灵验，但福祐于人不损伤物；引张系师、陆先生本「之」字，谓圣人以道莅天下制伏邪恶故鬼不复伤害于人；末以幽显得所、恩德往来、内外两行交归于己为说。章义一则、疏三条。", "shortSimp": "成疏" }, { "id": "tangxuanzong", "name": "唐玄宗御注御疏", "short": "御注", "author": "唐玄宗", "work": "道德真經注疏", "era": "唐", "years": "685–762", "color": "#9a4b3f", "desc": "御注簡質、御疏詳申，以理國修身並重；此章御注三條、御疏四條，分列；御疏以烹小魚不可撓、撓則魚潰，喻理大國不可煩、煩則人亂；御注以鬼不見怪傷人釋其神不傷人，御疏以妖由人釁、人恒其德則神不見怪申之，並引《春秋》「其氣焰以取之」；末以鬼神傷人則害國虧本、聖人傷人則匱神乏祀，兩不傷物故德交歸。此章據《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引。", "count": 7, "nameSimp": "唐玄宗御注御疏", "workSimp": "道德真经注疏", "authorSimp": "唐玄宗", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "685–762", "descSimp": "御注简质、御疏详申，以理国修身并重；此章御注三条、御疏四条，分列；御疏以烹小鱼不可挠、挠则鱼溃，喻理大国不可烦、烦则人乱；御注以鬼不见怪伤人释其神不伤人，御疏以妖由人衅、人恒其德则神不见怪申之，并引《春秋》「其气焰以取之」；末以鬼神伤人则害国亏本、圣人伤人则匮神乏祀，两不伤物故德交归。此章据《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引。", "shortSimp": "御注" }, { "id": "lirong", "name": "李榮注", "short": "李榮", "author": "李榮", "work": "道德真經注", "era": "唐", "years": "約 600–680", "color": "#5f6f8a", "desc": "以道本德用、修身治國並說為宗；此章四注，以治國煩則下亂、修身煩則精散發端，以蒞為臨，謂上德之化人自安任、不傍請鬼神，故處幽之鬼無以效其明靈；非鬼無精靈，由上用於正道故邪不為害；聖人在上德被幽明，鬼神無害由聖不傷；末以聖人慈善、鬼神正直，俱以德澤交歸眾人。此章據《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引。", "count": 4, "nameSimp": "李荣注", "workSimp": "道德真经注", "authorSimp": "李荣", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "约 600–680", "descSimp": "以道本德用、修身治国并说为宗；此章四注，以治国烦则下乱、修身烦则精散发端，以莅为临，谓上德之化人自安任、不傍请鬼神，故处幽之鬼无以效其明灵；非鬼无精灵，由上用于正道故邪不为害；圣人在上德被幽明，鬼神无害由圣不伤；末以圣人慈善、鬼神正直，俱以德泽交归众人。此章据《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引。", "shortSimp": "李荣" }, { "id": "luxisheng", "name": "陸希聲傳", "short": "陸傳", "author": "陸希聲", "work": "道德經傳", "era": "唐", "years": "？–895", "color": "#8a6f3a", "desc": "以體用、本末說經，長於政教；此章正文作「以道莅天下者」「聖人亦不傷人」，傳以治萬乘之國若烹膚寸之鮮，要在不撓，撓則魚傷糜爛；以道蒞天下亦要在不擾，擾則民傷潰亂；引《易》睽上九見豕載鬼之喻，謂鬼以害物為神，不能害物者由神不傷人、聖人不傷人；末以人神相依、兩不相傷、幽明之感皆歸德於聖人釋德交歸。傳一段。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "陆希声传", "workSimp": "道德经传", "authorSimp": "陆希声", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "？–895", "descSimp": "以体用、本末说经，长于政教；此章正文作「以道莅天下者」「圣人亦不伤人」，传以治万乘之国若烹肤寸之鲜，要在不挠，挠则鱼伤糜烂；以道莅天下亦要在不扰，扰则民伤溃乱；引《易》睽上九见豕载鬼之喻，谓鬼以害物为神，不能害物者由神不伤人、圣人不伤人；末以人神相依、两不相伤、幽明之感皆归德于圣人释德交归。传一段。", "shortSimp": "陆传" }, { "id": "lvhuiqing", "name": "呂惠卿傳", "short": "呂傳", "author": "呂惠卿", "work": "道德真經傳", "era": "宋", "years": "1032–1111", "color": "#6a7d5a", "desc": "以道體無知、守母為本；此章正文作「其神不傷民」「聖人亦不傷民」，傳以得有國之母以治國雖大无難，烹小鮮尤當全之而不割，以道蒞天下謂之大制亦不割以傷之；聖人以道蒞天下使人不淫性、不遷德，无大喜大怒以干陰陽之和，故聖人亦不傷人；末以神歸德於人、人亦歸德於神釋兩不相傷。傳一段。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "吕惠卿传", "workSimp": "道德真经传", "authorSimp": "吕惠卿", "eraSimp": "宋", "yearsSimp": "1032–1111", "descSimp": "以道体无知、守母为本；此章正文作「其神不伤民」「圣人亦不伤民」，传以得有国之母以治国虽大无难，烹小鲜尤当全之而不割，以道莅天下谓之大制亦不割以伤之；圣人以道莅天下使人不淫性、不迁德，无大喜大怒以干阴阳之和，故圣人亦不伤人；末以神归德于人、人亦归德于神释两不相伤。传一段。", "shortSimp": "吕传" }, { "id": "suzhe", "name": "蘇轍老子解", "short": "蘇解", "author": "蘇轍", "work": "老子解", "era": "宋", "years": "1039–1112", "color": "#5d7080", "desc": "以體道無知、無所施設為宗；此章四注，以烹小鮮不可撓、治大國不可煩，煩則人勞、撓則魚爛；聖人無為使人各安自然、外無所求內無所畏，則物莫能侵、鬼無所用神；非鬼不神，亦有神而不傷人，聖人未嘗傷人故鬼無能為；末以人鬼不相傷由上有聖人故德交歸之。解四條。", "count": 4, "nameSimp": "苏辙老子解", "workSimp": "老子解", "authorSimp": "苏辙", "eraSimp": "宋", "yearsSimp": "1039–1112", "descSimp": "以体道无知、无所施设为宗；此章四注，以烹小鲜不可挠、治大国不可烦，烦则人劳、挠则鱼烂；圣人无为使人各安自然、外无所求内无所畏，则物莫能侵、鬼无所用神；非鬼不神，亦有神而不伤人，圣人未尝伤人故鬼无能为；末以人鬼不相伤由上有圣人故德交归之。解四条。", "shortSimp": "苏解" }, { "id": "wucheng", "name": "吳澄道德真經注", "short": "吳注", "author": "吳澄", "work": "道德真經注", "era": "元", "years": "1249–1333", "color": "#7b5f7a", "desc": "以理氣、斂退說經，兼重字義訓詁；此章正文作「以道莅天下者」「聖人亦不傷之」，為其第五十一章；以小鮮為小魚，國大民眾當以簡靜、不可擾動；以蒞為臨，鬼為天地之氣神靈怪，民氣和平充塞兩間、天地之氣無或乖戾，故鬼不為靈怪興妖災；末以交為皆，天地之氣與聖人兩不相傷，皆由於聖人之德故皆歸德於聖人。注四條。", "count": 4, "nameSimp": "吴澄道德真经注", "workSimp": "道德真经注", "authorSimp": "吴澄", "eraSimp": "元", "yearsSimp": "1249–1333", "descSimp": "以理气、敛退说经，兼重字义训诂；此章正文作「以道莅天下者」「圣人亦不伤之」，为其第五十一章；以小鲜为小鱼，国大民众当以简静、不可扰动；以莅为临，鬼为天地之气神灵怪，民气和平充塞两间、天地之气无或乖戾，故鬼不为灵怪兴妖灾；末以交为皆，天地之气与圣人两不相伤，皆由于圣人之德故皆归德于圣人。注四条。", "shortSimp": "吴注" }, { "id": "hanshan", "name": "憨山道德經解", "short": "憨山", "author": "釋德清", "work": "道德經解", "era": "明", "years": "1546–1623", "color": "#8a5f4a", "desc": "以真修、復性為本，兼重教化；此章正文作「故其德交歸焉」，以此言無為之益、福利於民，反顯有為之害；治大國以安靜無擾為主，行所無事則民安居樂業，烹小鮮不可撓，撓則靡爛不全；虐政害民、災害並至，不知為政之道乃以鬼神為厲傷人，若以道德君臨天下則和氣致祥；鬼神非無，洋洋如在，但為民之福不為民害；聖人含哺百姓如保赤子，絕無傷民之意，故鬼神協和致福；末以兩不相傷、其德交歸，此無為之德福民如此。解一段，本站分六條。", "count": 6, "nameSimp": "憨山道德经解", "workSimp": "道德经解", "authorSimp": "释德清", "eraSimp": "明", "yearsSimp": "1546–1623", "descSimp": "以真修、复性为本，兼重教化；此章正文作「故其德交归焉」，以此言无为之益、福利于民，反显有为之害；治大国以安静无扰为主，行所无事则民安居乐业，烹小鲜不可挠，挠则靡烂不全；虐政害民、灾害并至，不知为政之道乃以鬼神为厉伤人，若以道德君临天下则和气致祥；鬼神非无，洋洋如在，但为民之福不为民害；圣人含哺百姓如保赤子，绝无伤民之意，故鬼神协和致福；末以两不相伤、其德交归，此无为之德福民如此。解一段，本站分六条。", "shortSimp": "憨山" }, { "id": "weiyuan", "name": "魏源老子本義", "short": "魏源", "author": "魏源", "work": "老子本義", "era": "清", "years": "1794–1857", "color": "#5a6a5a", "desc": "以不盈務內為宗，博引諸家而斷以源案；此章為其第五十二章，正文從《韓非子》作「治大國者若烹小鮮」「以道蒞天下者」「非其鬼不神也」「聖人亦不傷民」「則德交歸焉」，校記出「者」「也」「民」「則」諸異文，並引《韓非子·解老》與王弼注；韓非以法令數更、烹鮮數撓為喻，謂有道之君貴清靜而重變法。校記三條。", "count": 3, "nameSimp": "魏源老子本义", "workSimp": "老子本义", "authorSimp": "魏源", "eraSimp": "清", "yearsSimp": "1794–1857", "descSimp": "以不盈务内为宗，博引诸家而断以源案；此章为其第五十二章，正文从《韩非子》作「治大国者若烹小鲜」「以道莅天下者」「非其鬼不神也」「圣人亦不伤民」「则德交归焉」，校记出「者」「也」「民」「则」诸异文，并引《韩非子·解老》与王弼注；韩非以法令数更、烹鲜数挠为喻，谓有道之君贵清静而重变法。校记三条。", "shortSimp": "魏源" }, { "id": "wangfuzhi", "name": "王夫之老子衍", "short": "船山", "author": "王夫之", "work": "老子衍", "era": "清", "years": "1619–1692", "color": "#6a5a7a", "desc": "以氣化、知幾立說；此章標「六十章」，以動天下之形猶餘其氣、動天下之氣則動無餘，烹小鮮而撓之未嘗傷小鮮而氣已傷；天下有鬼神揉治亂於無形，吾身有鬼神燥生死於無形，殺機一動則龍蛇起陸而生德戕，靜則無、動則有，故唯「蒞之而已」。衍文二段。", "count": 2, "nameSimp": "王夫之老子衍", "workSimp": "老子衍", "authorSimp": "王夫之", "eraSimp": "清", "yearsSimp": "1619–1692", "descSimp": "以气化、知几立说；此章标「六十章」，以动天下之形犹余其气、动天下之气则动无余，烹小鲜而挠之未尝伤小鲜而气已伤；天下有鬼神揉治乱于无形，吾身有鬼神燥生死于无形，杀机一动则龙蛇起陆而生德戕，静则无、动则有，故唯「莅之而已」。衍文二段。", "shortSimp": "船山" }, { "id": "translator", "name": "本站今譯", "short": "今譯", "author": "LibreBook 編者", "work": "今譯", "era": "當代", "years": "", "color": "#8a8a8a", "desc": "編者據舊注與上下文所作語體今譯，供閱讀參照。", "count": 5, "nameSimp": "本站今译", "workSimp": "今译", "authorSimp": "LibreBook 编者", "eraSimp": "当代", "yearsSimp": "", "descSimp": "编者据旧注与上下文所作语体今译，供阅读参照。", "shortSimp": "今译" } ], "sentences": [ { "id": "s001", "paragraph": 1, "text": "治大國，若烹小鮮。", "textSimp": "治大国，若烹小鲜。", "translation": "治理大国，就像煎烹小鱼一样，不可多加扰动。", "translationTrad": "治理大國，就像煎烹小魚一樣，不可多加擾動。", "noteIds": [ "c001", "c006", "c011", "c018", "c026", "c027", "c028", "c032", "c036", "c037", "c042", "c044", "c045" ], "noteCount": 13, "charNoteIds": [ "n001", "n002" ], "key": "laozi-60:s001", "n": 1 }, { "id": "s002", "paragraph": 1, "text": "以道蒞天下，其鬼不神。", "textSimp": "以道莅天下，其鬼不神。", "translation": "用道临治天下，鬼怪就不会显灵作祟。", "translationTrad": "用道臨治天下，鬼怪就不會顯靈作祟。", "noteIds": [ "c002", "c007", "c022", "c026", "c027", "c029", "c033", "c038", "c042", "c043", "c046" ], "noteCount": 11, "charNoteIds": [ "n003", "n004", "n005" ], "key": "laozi-60:s002", "n": 2 }, { "id": "s003", "paragraph": 1, "text": "非其鬼不神，其神不傷人。", "textSimp": "非其鬼不神，其神不伤人。", "translation": "不是鬼怪没有神灵，而是它的神灵不伤害人。", "translationTrad": "不是鬼怪沒有神靈，而是它的神靈不傷害人。", "noteIds": [ "c003", "c008", "c012", "c015", "c019", "c023", "c026", "c027", "c030", "c034", "c039", "c042", "c043", "c046" ], "noteCount": 14, "charNoteIds": [ "n006" ], "key": "laozi-60:s003", "n": 3 }, { "id": "s004", "paragraph": 1, "text": "非其神不傷人，聖人亦不傷人。", "textSimp": "非其神不伤人，圣人亦不伤人。", "translation": "不只是它的神灵不伤害人，圣人也不伤害人。", "translationTrad": "不只是它的神靈不傷害人，聖人也不傷害人。", "noteIds": [ "c004", "c009", "c013", "c016", "c020", "c024", "c026", "c027", "c030", "c034", "c040", "c042", "c043", "c046" ], "noteCount": 14, "charNoteIds": [ "n007", "n008" ], "key": "laozi-60:s004", "n": 4 }, { "id": "s005", "paragraph": 1, "text": "夫兩不相傷，故德交歸焉。", "textSimp": "夫两不相伤，故德交归焉。", "translation": "两方面都不相伤害，所以德泽交相归聚。", "translationTrad": "兩方面都不相傷害，所以德澤交相歸聚。", "noteIds": [ "c005", "c010", "c014", "c017", "c021", "c025", "c026", "c027", "c031", "c035", "c041", "c042", "c043", "c046" ], "noteCount": 14, "charNoteIds": [ "n009", "n010" ], "key": "laozi-60:s005", "n": 5 } ], "commentaries": [ { "id": "c001", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "治大國", "kind": "note", "text": "鮮，魚也。烹小魚，不去腸，不去鱗，不敢撓，恐其糜也。治國煩則下亂，治身煩則精散。", "authorNote": "河上公此章據四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引；河上公題「居位第六十」。", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引）", "textSimp": "鲜，鱼也。烹小鱼，不去肠，不去鳞，不敢挠，恐其糜也。治国烦则下乱，治身烦则精散。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引）（河上公此章據四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引；河上公題「居位第六十」。）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本，参校《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "河上公此章据四部丛刊本，参校《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引；河上公题「居位第六十」。", "lemmaSimp": "治大国" }, { "id": "c002", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "其鬼不神", "kind": "note", "text": "以道德居位治天下，則鬼不敢見其精神以犯人也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引）", "textSimp": "以道德居位治天下，则鬼不敢见其精神以犯人也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本，参校《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引）", "lemmaSimp": "其鬼不神" }, { "id": "c003", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "其神不傷人", "kind": "note", "text": "其鬼非無精神也，邪不入正，不能傷自然之人。", "authorNote": "四部叢刊本此句轉錄作「自然之人」，《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引作「自然之民」；本站正文從王弼作「人」，注文從四部叢刊本。", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引）", "textSimp": "其鬼非无精神也，邪不入正，不能伤自然之人。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引）（四部叢刊本此句轉錄作「自然之人」，《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引作「自然之民」；本站正文從王弼作「人」，注文從四部叢刊本。）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本，参校《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "四部丛刊本此句转录作「自然之人」，《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引作「自然之民」；本站正文从王弼作「人」，注文从四部丛刊本。", "lemmaSimp": "其神不伤人" }, { "id": "c004", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "聖人亦不傷人", "kind": "note", "text": "非鬼神不能傷害人，以聖人在位不傷害人，故鬼不敢干之也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引）", "textSimp": "非鬼神不能伤害人，以圣人在位不伤害人，故鬼不敢干之也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本，参校《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引）", "lemmaSimp": "圣人亦不伤人" }, { "id": "c005", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "德交歸", "kind": "note", "text": "夫兩不相傷，鬼與聖人俱不相傷，故德交歸焉。夫兩不相傷，則人得治於陽，鬼得治於陰，人得全其性命，鬼得保其精神，故德交歸也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引）", "textSimp": "夫两不相伤，鬼与圣人俱不相伤，故德交归焉。夫两不相伤，则人得治于阳，鬼得治于阴，人得全其性命，鬼得保其精神，故德交归也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本，参校《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引）", "lemmaSimp": "德交归" }, { "id": "c006", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "治大國", "kind": "note", "text": "不擾也。躁則多害，靜則全真，故其國彌大，而其主彌靜，然後乃能廣得眾心矣。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本卷四，參校魏源《老子本義》所引）", "textSimp": "不扰也。躁则多害，静则全真，故其国弥大，而其主弥静，然后乃能广得众心矣。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本卷四，參校魏源《老子本義》所引）", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》（《道藏》本卷四，参校魏源《老子本义》所引）", "lemmaSimp": "治大国" }, { "id": "c007", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "其鬼不神", "kind": "note", "text": "治大國則若烹小鮮，以道蒞天下，則其鬼不神也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本卷四，參校魏源《老子本義》所引）", "textSimp": "治大国则若烹小鲜，以道莅天下，则其鬼不神也。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本卷四，參校魏源《老子本義》所引）", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》（《道藏》本卷四，参校魏源《老子本义》所引）", "lemmaSimp": "其鬼不神" }, { "id": "c008", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "其神不傷人", "kind": "note", "text": "神不害自然也。物守自然，則神無所加；神無所加，則不知神之為神也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本卷四，參校魏源《老子本義》所引）", "textSimp": "神不害自然也。物守自然，则神无所加；神无所加，则不知神之为神也。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本卷四，參校魏源《老子本義》所引）", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》（《道藏》本卷四，参校魏源《老子本义》所引）", "lemmaSimp": "其神不伤人" }, { "id": "c009", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "聖人亦不傷人", "kind": "note", "text": "道洽則神不傷人，神不傷人則不知神之為神；道洽則聖人亦不傷人，聖人不傷人則亦不知聖人之為聖也。猶云非獨不知神之為神，亦不知聖人之為聖也。夫恃威網以使物者，治之衰也；使不知神聖之為神聖，道之極也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本卷四，參校魏源《老子本義》所引）", "textSimp": "道洽则神不伤人，神不伤人则不知神之为神；道洽则圣人亦不伤人，圣人不伤人则亦不知圣人之为圣也。犹云非独不知神之为神，亦不知圣人之为圣也。夫恃威网以使物者，治之衰也；使不知神圣之为神圣，道之极也。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本卷四，參校魏源《老子本義》所引）", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》（《道藏》本卷四，参校魏源《老子本义》所引）", "lemmaSimp": "圣人亦不伤人" }, { "id": "c010", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "德交歸", "kind": "note", "text": "神不傷人，聖人亦不傷人；聖人不傷人，神亦不傷人，故曰兩不相傷也。神聖合道，交歸之也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本卷四，參校魏源《老子本義》所引）", "textSimp": "神不伤人，圣人亦不伤人；圣人不伤人，神亦不伤人，故曰两不相伤也。神圣合道，交归之也。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》（《道藏》本卷四，參校魏源《老子本義》所引）", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》（《道藏》本卷四，参校魏源《老子本义》所引）", "lemmaSimp": "德交归" }, { "id": "c011", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "治大國章", "kind": "note", "text": "治大國章所以次前者，前章明理人儉愛則萬事早服；此章明早服不擾則其德交歸。文分為三：第一初舉理國之喻不可有為，第二明德及鬼神兩無傷害，第三結歎交歸之德以勸有國之君。", "authorNote": "此為成玄英章義，據《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引；成玄英題「治大國章第六十」。", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引）", "textSimp": "治大国章所以次前者，前章明理人俭爱则万事早服；此章明早服不扰则其德交归。文分为三：第一初举理国之喻不可有为，第二明德及鬼神两无伤害，第三结叹交归之德以劝有国之君。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引）（此為成玄英章義，據《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引；成玄英題「治大國章第六十」。）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为成玄英章义，据《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引；成玄英题「治大国章第六十」。", "lemmaSimp": "治大国章" }, { "id": "c012", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "其神不傷人", "kind": "note", "text": "神，靈驗也。非此鬼無靈驗，但福祐於人不損傷物也。夫傷者，鬼以諂曲為義，即是擾動邪淫心也。言以正道治身，諂媚之心不能傷於正行，縱使心動，即為真照，故不傷人也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引）", "textSimp": "神，灵验也。非此鬼无灵验，但福祐于人不损伤物也。夫伤者，鬼以谄曲为义，即是扰动邪淫心也。言以正道治身，谄媚之心不能伤于正行，纵使心动，即为真照，故不伤人也。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引）", "lemmaSimp": "其神不伤人" }, { "id": "c013", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "聖人亦不傷人", "kind": "note", "text": "諸本皆作亦字，唯張係師及陸先生本作之字。然之亦二字相似，故寫者誤作亦字，今用之為是。言非此鬼之不傷物，但為聖人以道蒞天下，能制伏邪惡，故鬼不復傷害於人，力在聖治，故云聖人之不傷人也。治身者，言非動心不能傷行，為以聖智伏制，故雖動而不傷，寂也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引）", "textSimp": "诸本皆作亦字，唯张系师及陆先生本作之字。然之亦二字相似，故写者误作亦字，今用之为是。言非此鬼之不伤物，但为圣人以道莅天下，能制伏邪恶，故鬼不复伤害于人，力在圣治，故云圣人之不伤人也。治身者，言非动心不能伤行，为以圣智伏制，故虽动而不伤，寂也。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引）", "lemmaSimp": "圣人亦不伤人" }, { "id": "c014", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "德交歸", "kind": "note", "text": "兩謂鬼處於陰，人處於陽，幽顯得所，不相損害。既而各守其分，兩無雙鬩，遂乃人施德於鬼，鬼恩惠於人，恩德往來，故交相歸附也。治身者，攝動歸寂以成己行，從寂起動以應蒼生，動不乖寂，故無傷害，所以內外兩行交歸於己也。既即動即寂，何所攝耶？今明不攝而攝，不應而應，非應之而應者也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引）", "textSimp": "两谓鬼处于阴，人处于阳，幽显得所，不相损害。既而各守其分，两无双阋，遂乃人施德于鬼，鬼恩惠于人，恩德往来，故交相归附也。治身者，摄动归寂以成己行，从寂起动以应苍生，动不乖寂，故无伤害，所以内外两行交归于己也。既即动即寂，何所摄耶？今明不摄而摄，不应而应，非应之而应者也。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引）", "lemmaSimp": "德交归" }, { "id": "c015", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "其神不傷人", "kind": "note", "text": "上言其鬼不神，非謂鬼歇滅而無神，但其神不見怪以傷人。", "authorNote": "此為御注。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "上言其鬼不神，非谓鬼歇灭而无神，但其神不见怪以伤人。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引御注御疏）（此為御注。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注。", "lemmaSimp": "其神不伤人" }, { "id": "c016", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "聖人亦不傷人", "kind": "note", "text": "鬼見神怪則傷人，聖人有為則傷人。今鬼所以不見神怪而傷人者，以聖人無為清靜故也。", "authorNote": "此為御注。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "鬼见神怪则伤人，圣人有为则伤人。今鬼所以不见神怪而伤人者，以圣人无为清静故也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引御注御疏）（此為御注。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注。", "lemmaSimp": "圣人亦不伤人" }, { "id": "c017", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "德交歸", "kind": "note", "text": "鬼神傷人則害國虧本，聖人傷人則匱神乏祀。今兩不傷物，故德交歸。", "authorNote": "此為御注。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "鬼神伤人则害国亏本，圣人伤人则匮神乏祀。今两不伤物，故德交归。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引御注御疏）（此為御注。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注。", "lemmaSimp": "德交归" }, { "id": "c018", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "若烹小鮮", "kind": "note", "text": "烹，煮也；小鮮，魚也。烹小魚者不可撓，撓則魚潰；喻理大國者不可煩，煩則人亂，皆須用道，所以成功爾。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "烹，煮也；小鲜，鱼也。烹小鱼者不可挠，挠则鱼溃；喻理大国者不可烦，烦则人乱，皆须用道，所以成功尔。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "若烹小鲜" }, { "id": "c019", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "非其鬼不神", "kind": "note", "text": "此覆釋鬼無效靈之義。非其鬼不神者，非謂鬼歇滅而不為神，但妖之將興由人有釁，人恒其德，則神不見怪而傷人也。《春秋》曰：其氣焰以取之。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "此覆释鬼无效灵之义。非其鬼不神者，非谓鬼歇灭而不为神，但妖之将兴由人有衅，人恒其德，则神不见怪而伤人也。《春秋》曰：其气焰以取之。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "非其鬼不神" }, { "id": "c020", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "聖人亦不傷人", "kind": "note", "text": "所言神不傷人者，豈但神無靈效而不能傷害於人，而聖人以道臨人，無為不擾，百姓自正，故云聖人亦不傷人。則鬼神不能見怪以傷人者，由聖人以道蒞天下爾。將欲發明聖德，故重云亦不傷人。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "所言神不伤人者，岂但神无灵效而不能伤害于人，而圣人以道临人，无为不扰，百姓自正，故云圣人亦不伤人。则鬼神不能见怪以伤人者，由圣人以道莅天下尔。将欲发明圣德，故重云亦不伤人。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "圣人亦不伤人" }, { "id": "c021", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "德交歸", "kind": "note", "text": "兩者謂聖與神也。夫人，國之本，亦神之主。若鬼神傷人則害國之本，聖人傷人則匱神之主。今兩不傷害，故德交歸，豈唯神聖獨豐，抑亦兆人咸賴。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "两者谓圣与神也。夫人，国之本，亦神之主。若鬼神伤人则害国之本，圣人伤人则匮神之主。今两不伤害，故德交归，岂唯神圣独丰，抑亦兆人咸赖。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "德交归" }, { "id": "c022", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "其鬼不神", "kind": "note", "text": "治國煩則下亂，修身煩則精散。以道蒞天下，其鬼不神。以，用也；蒞，臨也。人神處幽為鬼，神者靈效之謂。夫人有求則神應，今若上德之化，人自安任，豈惟上忘帝力，亦不傍請鬼神，故處幽之鬼無以效其明靈也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引）", "textSimp": "治国烦则下乱，修身烦则精散。以道莅天下，其鬼不神。以，用也；莅，临也。人神处幽为鬼，神者灵效之谓。夫人有求则神应，今若上德之化，人自安任，岂惟上忘帝力，亦不傍请鬼神，故处幽之鬼无以效其明灵也。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引）", "lemmaSimp": "其鬼不神" }, { "id": "c023", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "其神不傷人", "kind": "note", "text": "非其鬼無精靈而不害人，由上用於正道，所以邪不為害。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引）", "textSimp": "非其鬼无精灵而不害人，由上用于正道，所以邪不为害。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引）", "lemmaSimp": "其神不伤人" }, { "id": "c024", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "聖人亦不傷人", "kind": "note", "text": "非其鬼神不能害人，但聖人在上，德被幽明，鬼神無害，由聖不傷也。又能利物，亦自不傷。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引）", "textSimp": "非其鬼神不能害人，但圣人在上，德被幽明，鬼神无害，由圣不伤也。又能利物，亦自不伤。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引）", "lemmaSimp": "圣人亦不伤人" }, { "id": "c025", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "德交歸", "kind": "note", "text": "鬼神、聖人，兩者也，俱能利物，不相傷也。聖人慈善，鬼神正直，慈善處顯而光潤，正直在幽以潛資，俱以德澤交歸眾人也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引）", "textSimp": "鬼神、圣人，两者也，俱能利物，不相伤也。圣人慈善，鬼神正直，慈善处显而光润，正直在幽以潜资，俱以德泽交归众人也。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引）", "lemmaSimp": "德交归" }, { "id": "c026", "block": 0, "source": "luxisheng", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "治大國", "kind": "note", "text": "夫治萬乘之國，若烹膚寸之鮮，雖調其水火，要在不撓之；撓之則魚傷，魚傷則糜爛於鼎矣。以道蒞天下亦若是已，雖和其政教，要在不擾之；擾之則民傷，民傷則潰亂於國矣。然則聖人之治天下，其要在於不傷人。如此則鬼神皆感聖德，亦不敢傷於人。今舉以道蒞天下，乃言其鬼不神者，夫利物於明者莫如聖，害物於幽者莫如鬼，故舉其極睽而求其反合，所以究幽明之故也。在《易》睽之上九曰：見豕負塗，載鬼一車，先張之弧，後說之弧，此之謂也。夫不傷之德自聖人始，今先言其鬼不神，蓋欲反歸於聖人耳。夫鬼以害物為神，今所以不能害物者，以明神之不傷人，故鬼不能為神；所以不傷人者，以聖人不傷人故也。夫聖人不傷人，故鬼神亦不傷人。今既先舉鬼神不傷人，故反言聖人亦不傷人。夫聖人者，豈唯致鬼神不傷人，亦使人不傷鬼神，人神相依，兩不相傷，則幽明之感皆歸德於聖人，故曰德交歸焉。", "authorNote": "陸希聲此章正文作「以道莅天下者」「聖人亦不傷人」，傳一段通釋全章。", "citation": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本卷四）", "textSimp": "夫治万乘之国，若烹肤寸之鲜，虽调其水火，要在不挠之；挠之则鱼伤，鱼伤则糜烂于鼎矣。以道莅天下亦若是已，虽和其政教，要在不扰之；扰之则民伤，民伤则溃乱于国矣。然则圣人之治天下，其要在于不伤人。如此则鬼神皆感圣德，亦不敢伤于人。今举以道莅天下，乃言其鬼不神者，夫利物于明者莫如圣，害物于幽者莫如鬼，故举其极睽而求其反合，所以究幽明之故也。在《易》睽之上九曰：见豕负涂，载鬼一车，先张之弧，后说之弧，此之谓也。夫不伤之德自圣人始，今先言其鬼不神，盖欲反归于圣人耳。夫鬼以害物为神，今所以不能害物者，以明神之不伤人，故鬼不能为神；所以不伤人者，以圣人不伤人故也。夫圣人不伤人，故鬼神亦不伤人。今既先举鬼神不伤人，故反言圣人亦不伤人。夫圣人者，岂唯致鬼神不伤人，亦使人不伤鬼神，人神相依，两不相伤，则幽明之感皆归德于圣人，故曰德交归焉。", "citationFull": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本卷四）（陸希聲此章正文作「以道莅天下者」「聖人亦不傷人」，傳一段通釋全章。）", "citationSimp": "陆希声《道德经传》（《道藏》本卷四）", "authorNoteSimp": "陆希声此章正文作「以道莅天下者」「圣人亦不伤人」，传一段通释全章。", "lemmaSimp": "治大国" }, { "id": "c027", "block": 0, "source": "lvhuiqing", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "治大國", "kind": "note", "text": "傳曰：得有國之母以治國，雖大无難也。烹魚者不可以煩，而烹小鮮者尤當全之而不割者也；治大國者亦若是而已，烹而割之則傷矣。以道蒞天下者，謂之大制，亦不割以傷之而已。及其至也，則其鬼不神，凡以不傷之所致也。何以言之？鬼之為道，非不神也，厥與人雜擾而見其神，則不能不傷人；而所以不神者，以聖人為能以道蒞天下，使人不淫其性，不遷其德，无大喜大怒以干陰陽之和，所謂處混芒之中，與一世而得澹漠焉者也，則是聖人亦不傷人也。唯聖人為能不傷人，故陰陽和靜，鬼神不擾，萬物不傷，群生不夭，則其神不傷人也。神不傷人，則无以見其靈響而神焉。由此觀之，其鬼不神，非其鬼不神也，由其神不傷人故不神也；非神不傷人，由聖人亦不傷人，故其神不傷人也。使聖人之於人不能全其樸而傷之，而人失其性，至於四時不至，寒暑之和不成，人之所以傷神者為多，則神其能不傷人乎？夫唯神不傷人，則神歸德於人；神不傷人，而人亦歸德於神矣，故曰夫兩不相傷，故德交歸焉。", "authorNote": "呂惠卿此章正文作「其神不傷民」「聖人亦不傷民」，章題「治大國章第六十」，傳一段通釋全章。", "citation": "呂惠卿《道德真經傳》（《道藏》本卷四）", "textSimp": "传曰：得有国之母以治国，虽大无难也。烹鱼者不可以烦，而烹小鲜者尤当全之而不割者也；治大国者亦若是而已，烹而割之则伤矣。以道莅天下者，谓之大制，亦不割以伤之而已。及其至也，则其鬼不神，凡以不伤之所致也。何以言之？鬼之为道，非不神也，厥与人杂扰而见其神，则不能不伤人；而所以不神者，以圣人为能以道莅天下，使人不淫其性，不迁其德，无大喜大怒以干阴阳之和，所谓处混芒之中，与一世而得澹漠焉者也，则是圣人亦不伤人也。唯圣人为能不伤人，故阴阳和静，鬼神不扰，万物不伤，群生不夭，则其神不伤人也。神不伤人，则无以见其灵响而神焉。由此观之，其鬼不神，非其鬼不神也，由其神不伤人故不神也；非神不伤人，由圣人亦不伤人，故其神不伤人也。使圣人之于人不能全其朴而伤之，而人失其性，至于四时不至，寒暑之和不成，人之所以伤神者为多，则神其能不伤人乎？夫唯神不伤人，则神归德于人；神不伤人，而人亦归德于神矣，故曰夫两不相伤，故德交归焉。", "citationFull": "呂惠卿《道德真經傳》（《道藏》本卷四）（呂惠卿此章正文作「其神不傷民」「聖人亦不傷民」，章題「治大國章第六十」，傳一段通釋全章。）", "citationSimp": "吕惠卿《道德真经传》（《道藏》本卷四）", "authorNoteSimp": "吕惠卿此章正文作「其神不伤民」「圣人亦不伤民」，章题「治大国章第六十」，传一段通释全章。", "lemmaSimp": "治大国" }, { "id": "c028", "block": 0, "source": "suzhe", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "治大國", "kind": "note", "text": "烹小鮮者不可撓，治大國者不可煩。煩則人勞，撓則魚爛。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本卷三）", "textSimp": "烹小鲜者不可挠，治大国者不可烦。烦则人劳，挠则鱼烂。", "citationFull": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本卷三）", "citationSimp": "苏辙《老子解》（《道藏》本卷三）", "lemmaSimp": "治大国" }, { "id": "c029", "block": 0, "source": "suzhe", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "其鬼不神", "kind": "note", "text": "聖人無為，使人各安其自然，外無所求，內無所畏，則物莫能侵，雖鬼無所用神矣。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本卷三）", "textSimp": "圣人无为，使人各安其自然，外无所求，内无所畏，则物莫能侵，虽鬼无所用神矣。", "citationFull": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本卷三）", "citationSimp": "苏辙《老子解》（《道藏》本卷三）", "lemmaSimp": "其鬼不神" }, { "id": "c030", "block": 0, "source": "suzhe", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "其神不傷人", "kind": "note", "text": "非其鬼之不神，亦有神而不傷人耳。非神之不傷人，聖人未嘗傷人，故鬼無能為耳。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本卷三）", "textSimp": "非其鬼之不神，亦有神而不伤人耳。非神之不伤人，圣人未尝伤人，故鬼无能为耳。", "citationFull": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本卷三）", "citationSimp": "苏辙《老子解》（《道藏》本卷三）", "lemmaSimp": "其神不伤人" }, { "id": "c031", "block": 0, "source": "suzhe", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "德交歸", "kind": "note", "text": "人鬼之所以不相傷者，由上有聖人耳，故德交歸之。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本卷三）", "textSimp": "人鬼之所以不相伤者，由上有圣人耳，故德交归之。", "citationFull": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本卷三）", "citationSimp": "苏辙《老子解》（《道藏》本卷三）", "lemmaSimp": "德交归" }, { "id": "c032", "block": 0, "source": "wucheng", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "治大國", "kind": "note", "text": "小鮮，小魚也。國大則民眾，治大國當以簡靜，不可擾動其民，如烹小魚，唯恐其壞爛而不敢擾動之也。", "authorNote": "吳澄此章正文作「以道莅天下者」「聖人亦不傷之」，為其第五十一章。", "citation": "吳澄《道德真經注》（《道藏》本卷四）", "textSimp": "小鲜，小鱼也。国大则民众，治大国当以简静，不可扰动其民，如烹小鱼，唯恐其坏烂而不敢扰动之也。", "citationFull": "吳澄《道德真經注》（《道藏》本卷四）（吳澄此章正文作「以道莅天下者」「聖人亦不傷之」，為其第五十一章。）", "citationSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》（《道藏》本卷四）", "authorNoteSimp": "吴澄此章正文作「以道莅天下者」「圣人亦不伤之」，为其第五十一章。", "lemmaSimp": "治大国" }, { "id": "c033", "block": 0, "source": "wucheng", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "其鬼不神", "kind": "note", "text": "蒞，臨也。鬼，天地之氣神靈怪也。人之氣與天地之氣通為一，有道之主以道臨蒞天下，簡靜而不擾其民，故民氣和平，充塞兩間，相為感應，而天地之氣無或乖戾，故鬼不為靈怪興妖災也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "吳澄《道德真經注》（《道藏》本卷四）", "textSimp": "莅，临也。鬼，天地之气神灵怪也。人之气与天地之气通为一，有道之主以道临莅天下，简静而不扰其民，故民气和平，充塞两间，相为感应，而天地之气无或乖戾，故鬼不为灵怪兴妖灾也。", "citationFull": "吳澄《道德真經注》（《道藏》本卷四）", "citationSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》（《道藏》本卷四）", "lemmaSimp": "其鬼不神" }, { "id": "c034", "block": 0, "source": "wucheng", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "其神不傷人", "kind": "note", "text": "鬼所以不靈怪者，非不靈怪，雖能靈怪而不為妖災傷害人也。所以不傷害人者，非自能如此也，以聖人能使民氣和平，不傷害天地之氣，天地之氣亦和平而不傷害人也。曰鬼曰神，皆天地之氣，名二而實一也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "吳澄《道德真經注》（《道藏》本卷四）", "textSimp": "鬼所以不灵怪者，非不灵怪，虽能灵怪而不为妖灾伤害人也。所以不伤害人者，非自能如此也，以圣人能使民气和平，不伤害天地之气，天地之气亦和平而不伤害人也。曰鬼曰神，皆天地之气，名二而实一也。", "citationFull": "吳澄《道德真經注》（《道藏》本卷四）", "citationSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》（《道藏》本卷四）", "lemmaSimp": "其神不伤人" }, { "id": "c035", "block": 0, "source": "wucheng", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "德交歸", "kind": "note", "text": "交，皆也。天地之氣不傷害人者，以聖人不傷害天地之氣也；聖人不傷害天地之氣者，以其簡靜而民氣和平也。兩者不相傷，皆由於聖人之德，故皆歸德於聖人也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "吳澄《道德真經注》（《道藏》本卷四）", "textSimp": "交，皆也。天地之气不伤害人者，以圣人不伤害天地之气也；圣人不伤害天地之气者，以其简静而民气和平也。两者不相伤，皆由于圣人之德，故皆归德于圣人也。", "citationFull": "吳澄《道德真經注》（《道藏》本卷四）", "citationSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》（《道藏》本卷四）", "lemmaSimp": "德交归" }, { "id": "c036", "block": 0, "source": "hanshan", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "治大國", "kind": "note", "text": "此言無為之益，福利於民，反顯有為之害也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "釋德清《道德經解》（公開轉錄本）", "textSimp": "此言无为之益，福利于民，反显有为之害也。", "citationFull": "釋德清《道德經解》（公開轉錄本）", "citationSimp": "释德清《道德经解》（公开转录本）", "lemmaSimp": "治大国" }, { "id": "c037", "block": 0, "source": "hanshan", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "若烹小鮮", "kind": "note", "text": "凡治大國，以安靜無擾為主，行其所無事，則民自安居樂業，而蒙其福利矣。故曰若烹小鮮。烹小鮮，則不可撓。撓，則靡爛而不全矣。治民亦然。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "釋德清《道德經解》（公開轉錄本）", "textSimp": "凡治大国，以安静无扰为主，行其所无事，则民自安居乐业，而蒙其福利矣。故曰若烹小鲜。烹小鲜，则不可挠。挠，则靡烂而不全矣。治民亦然。", "citationFull": "釋德清《道德經解》（公開轉錄本）", "citationSimp": "释德清《道德经解》（公开转录本）", "lemmaSimp": "若烹小鲜" }, { "id": "c038", "block": 0, "source": "hanshan", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "其鬼不神", "kind": "note", "text": "夫虐政害民，災害並至，民受其殃。不知為政之道，乃以鬼神為厲而傷人，反以祭祀以要其福。其實君人者不道所致也。若以道德君臨天下，則和氣致祥，雖有鬼而亦不神矣。不神，謂不能為禍福也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "釋德清《道德經解》（公開轉錄本）", "textSimp": "夫虐政害民，灾害并至，民受其殃。不知为政之道，乃以鬼神为厉而伤人，反以祭祀以要其福。其实君人者不道所致也。若以道德君临天下，则和气致祥，虽有鬼而亦不神矣。不神，谓不能为祸福也。", "citationFull": "釋德清《道德經解》（公開轉錄本）", "citationSimp": "释德清《道德经解》（公开转录本）", "lemmaSimp": "其鬼不神" }, { "id": "c039", "block": 0, "source": "hanshan", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "其神不傷人", "kind": "note", "text": "且鬼神非無，然洋洋乎如在其上，如在其左右，豈不昭格於上下耶。第雖靈爽赫然，但只為民之福，不為民害。故曰非其鬼不神，但其神不傷人耳。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "釋德清《道德經解》（公開轉錄本）", "textSimp": "且鬼神非无，然洋洋乎如在其上，如在其左右，岂不昭格于上下耶。第虽灵爽赫然，但只为民之福，不为民害。故曰非其鬼不神，但其神不伤人耳。", "citationFull": "釋德清《道德經解》（公開轉錄本）", "citationSimp": "释德清《道德经解》（公开转录本）", "lemmaSimp": "其神不伤人" }, { "id": "c040", "block": 0, "source": "hanshan", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "聖人亦不傷人", "kind": "note", "text": "然非其神不傷人，實由聖人含哺百姓，如保赤子。與天地合其德，鬼神合其吉凶，而絕無傷民之意，故鬼神協和而致福也。故曰非其神不傷人，聖人亦不傷之。如湯之時，七年大旱。湯以身代犧牲，藉茅以禱，致雨三尺。故民皆以湯王克誠感格所致。", "authorNote": "憨山此段原連下句，本站分為二條。", "citation": "釋德清《道德經解》（公開轉錄本）", "textSimp": "然非其神不伤人，实由圣人含哺百姓，如保赤子。与天地合其德，鬼神合其吉凶，而绝无伤民之意，故鬼神协和而致福也。故曰非其神不伤人，圣人亦不伤之。如汤之时，七年大旱。汤以身代牺牲，藉茅以祷，致雨三尺。故民皆以汤王克诚感格所致。", "citationFull": "釋德清《道德經解》（公開轉錄本）（憨山此段原連下句，本站分為二條。）", "citationSimp": "释德清《道德经解》（公开转录本）", "authorNoteSimp": "憨山此段原连下句，本站分为二条。", "lemmaSimp": "圣人亦不伤人" }, { "id": "c041", "block": 0, "source": "hanshan", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "德交歸", "kind": "note", "text": "斯蓋由夫兩不相傷，故其德交歸焉。此無為之德，福民如此。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "釋德清《道德經解》（公開轉錄本）", "textSimp": "斯盖由夫两不相伤，故其德交归焉。此无为之德，福民如此。", "citationFull": "釋德清《道德經解》（公開轉錄本）", "citationSimp": "释德清《道德经解》（公开转录本）", "lemmaSimp": "德交归" }, { "id": "c042", "block": 0, "source": "weiyuan", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "治大國", "kind": "note", "text": "校記：魏源此章正文從《韓非子》作「治大國者若烹小鮮」「以道蒞天下者」「非其鬼不神也」「其神不傷人」「非其神不傷人也」「聖人亦不傷民」「夫兩不相傷，則德交歸焉」；校記云各本無「者」「也」字，各本作「亦不傷之」、傅奕作「亦不傷人」，各本「則」作「故」，此章字句皆從《韓非子》。", "authorNote": "此為魏源《老子本義》校記；魏源此章為其第五十二章。", "citation": "魏源《老子本義》（下篇，公開轉錄本）", "textSimp": "校记：魏源此章正文从《韩非子》作「治大国者若烹小鲜」「以道莅天下者」「非其鬼不神也」「其神不伤人」「非其神不伤人也」「圣人亦不伤民」「夫两不相伤，则德交归焉」；校记云各本无「者」「也」字，各本作「亦不伤之」、傅奕作「亦不伤人」，各本「则」作「故」，此章字句皆从《韩非子》。", "citationFull": "魏源《老子本義》（下篇，公開轉錄本）（此為魏源《老子本義》校記；魏源此章為其第五十二章。）", "citationSimp": "魏源《老子本义》（下篇，公开转录本）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为魏源《老子本义》校记；魏源此章为其第五十二章。", "lemmaSimp": "治大国" }, { "id": "c043", "block": 0, "source": "weiyuan", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "其鬼不神", "kind": "note", "text": "韓非《解老》曰：凡法令更則利害易，利害易則民變業。故事大眾而數搖之則少成功，藏大器而數徙之則多敗傷。烹小鮮而數撓之則賊其澤，治大國而數變法則民苦之。是以有道之君，貴清靜而重變法也。人處疾則貴醫，有禍則畏鬼。聖人在上則民少欲，民少欲則血氣治而舉動理，舉動理則少禍害。夫內無疾痛之害，外無刑罰法誅之禍者，其輕恬鬼也甚。故曰以道蒞天下者，其鬼不神。言治世鬼神不與人相害也。疾人之謂鬼傷人，上刑戮民之謂上傷民。民不犯法而上不行刑之謂上不傷人。故曰聖人亦不傷民。上不與民相害，鬼不與人相傷，是兩不相傷也。則德盡在於民矣，故曰德歸焉。言其德幽明上下交盛，而俱歸之於民也。", "authorNote": "此為魏源所引《韓非子·解老》。", "citation": "魏源《老子本義》（下篇，公開轉錄本）", "textSimp": "韩非《解老》曰：凡法令更则利害易，利害易则民变业。故事大众而数摇之则少成功，藏大器而数徙之则多败伤。烹小鲜而数挠之则贼其泽，治大国而数变法则民苦之。是以有道之君，贵清静而重变法也。人处疾则贵医，有祸则畏鬼。圣人在上则民少欲，民少欲则血气治而举动理，举动理则少祸害。夫内无疾痛之害，外无刑罚法诛之祸者，其轻恬鬼也甚。故曰以道莅天下者，其鬼不神。言治世鬼神不与人相害也。疾人之谓鬼伤人，上刑戮民之谓上伤民。民不犯法而上不行刑之谓上不伤人。故曰圣人亦不伤民。上不与民相害，鬼不与人相伤，是两不相伤也。则德尽在于民矣，故曰德归焉。言其德幽明上下交盛，而俱归之于民也。", "citationFull": "魏源《老子本義》（下篇，公開轉錄本）（此為魏源所引《韓非子·解老》。）", "citationSimp": "魏源《老子本义》（下篇，公开转录本）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为魏源所引《韩非子·解老》。", "lemmaSimp": "其鬼不神" }, { "id": "c044", "block": 0, "source": "weiyuan", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "治大國", "kind": "note", "text": "王氏弼曰：躁則多害，靜則全真，故其國彌大，其主彌靜，然後能廣得眾心矣。若烹小鮮，不擾也。物守自然則神無所加，神無所加則不知神之為神也。道治則聖人亦不傷人，聖不傷人則不知聖之為聖也。夫恃威網以治物者治之衰，使不知神聖之為神聖，則道之極矣。神聖兩不相傷，是神聖合道交歸之民也。", "authorNote": "此為魏源所引王弼注，文字與《道藏》本略異。", "citation": "魏源《老子本義》（下篇，公開轉錄本）", "textSimp": "王氏弼曰：躁则多害，静则全真，故其国弥大，其主弥静，然后能广得众心矣。若烹小鲜，不扰也。物守自然则神无所加，神无所加则不知神之为神也。道治则圣人亦不伤人，圣不伤人则不知圣之为圣也。夫恃威网以治物者治之衰，使不知神圣之为神圣，则道之极矣。神圣两不相伤，是神圣合道交归之民也。", "citationFull": "魏源《老子本義》（下篇，公開轉錄本）（此為魏源所引王弼注，文字與《道藏》本略異。）", "citationSimp": "魏源《老子本义》（下篇，公开转录本）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为魏源所引王弼注，文字与《道藏》本略异。", "lemmaSimp": "治大国" }, { "id": "c045", "block": 0, "source": "wangfuzhi", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "治大國", "kind": "note", "text": "動天下之形，猶餘其氣；動天下之氣，動無餘矣。「烹小鮮」而撓之，未嘗傷小鮮也，而氣已傷矣。傷其氣，氣遂逆起而報之。", "authorNote": "王夫之標「六十章」。", "citation": "王夫之《老子衍》（公開轉錄本）", "textSimp": "动天下之形，犹余其气；动天下之气，动无余矣。「烹小鲜」而挠之，未尝伤小鲜也，而气已伤矣。伤其气，气遂逆起而报之。", "citationFull": "王夫之《老子衍》（公開轉錄本）（王夫之標「六十章」。）", "citationSimp": "王夫之《老子衍》（公开转录本）", "authorNoteSimp": "王夫之标「六十章」。", "lemmaSimp": "治大国" }, { "id": "c046", "block": 0, "source": "wangfuzhi", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "其鬼不神", "kind": "note", "text": "夫天下有「鬼神」，揉治亂於無形；吾身有「鬼神」，燥生死於無形。殺機一動，龍蛇起陸，而生德戕焉。靜則無，動則有，神則「傷人」，可畏哉！「載營魄抱一而不離」，與相保於水之未波。豈有以治天下哉？「蒞」之而已。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "王夫之《老子衍》（公開轉錄本）", "textSimp": "夫天下有「鬼神」，揉治乱于无形；吾身有「鬼神」，燥生死于无形。杀机一动，龙蛇起陆，而生德戕焉。静则无，动则有，神则「伤人」，可畏哉！「载营魄抱一而不离」，与相保于水之未波。岂有以治天下哉？「莅」之而已。", "citationFull": "王夫之《老子衍》（公開轉錄本）", "citationSimp": "王夫之《老子衍》（公开转录本）", "lemmaSimp": "其鬼不神" } ], "charNotes": [ { "id": "n001", "sentenceId": "s001", "start": 1, "end": 3, "char": "大國", "charSimp": "大国", "startSimp": 1, "endSimp": 3, "pinyin": "dà guó", "gloss": "治理的對象，諸侯大國。", "glossSimp": "治理的对象，诸侯大国。", "general": "河上公以治國煩則下亂、治身煩則精散分釋；王弼以不擾為說；成玄英以理國之喻不可有為；御疏以理大國不可煩；陸希聲以萬乘之國、調水火而不撓；呂惠卿以烹而割之則傷；蘇轍以治大國不可煩；吳澄以國大民眾當以簡靜；憨山以安靜無擾；魏源從《韓非子》作「治大國者」；王夫之以動形動氣為說。", "generalSimp": "河上公以治国烦则下乱、治身烦则精散分释；王弼以不扰为说；成玄英以理国之喻不可有为；御疏以理大国不可烦；陆希声以万乘之国、调水火而不挠；吕惠卿以烹而割之则伤；苏辙以治大国不可烦；吴澄以国大民众当以简静；憨山以安静无扰；魏源从《韩非子》作「治大国者」；王夫之以动形动气为说。", "variants": [ "治大國者" ], "variantsSimp": [ "治大国者" ], "refs": [ "c001", "c006", "c011", "c018", "c026", "c027", "c028", "c032", "c037", "c042", "c045" ], "refsSimp": [ "c001", "c006", "c011", "c018", "c026", "c027", "c028", "c032", "c037", "c042", "c045" ] }, { "id": "n002", "sentenceId": "s001", "start": 5, "end": 8, "char": "烹小鮮", "charSimp": "烹小鲜", "startSimp": 5, "endSimp": 8, "pinyin": "pēng xiǎo xiān", "gloss": "煎烹小魚，喻不可擾動。", "glossSimp": "煎烹小鱼，喻不可扰动。", "general": "河上公以不去腸鱗、不敢撓為說；御疏以撓則魚潰；陸希聲以膚寸之鮮；呂惠卿以全之而不割；蘇轍以撓則魚爛；吳澄以小魚唯恐壞爛；憨山以撓則靡爛；魏源引韓非以數撓則賊其澤；王夫之以撓之而氣已傷。", "generalSimp": "河上公以不去肠鳞、不敢挠为说；御疏以挠则鱼溃；陆希声以肤寸之鲜；吕惠卿以全之而不割；苏辙以挠则鱼烂；吴澄以小鱼唯恐坏烂；憨山以挠则靡烂；魏源引韩非以数挠则贼其泽；王夫之以挠之而气已伤。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c001", "c018", "c026", "c027", "c028", "c032", "c037", "c043", "c045" ], "refsSimp": [ "c001", "c018", "c026", "c027", "c028", "c032", "c037", "c043", "c045" ] }, { "id": "n003", "sentenceId": "s002", "start": 3, "end": 5, "char": "天下", "charSimp": "天下", "startSimp": 3, "endSimp": 5, "pinyin": "tiān xià", "gloss": "天下之人、天下之境。", "glossSimp": "天下之人、天下之境。", "general": "王弼以道蒞天下則鬼不神；御疏以聖人以道臨人；李榮以蒞為臨、人自安任；陸希聲以天下亦若是；呂惠卿以使人不淫其性、不遷其德；蘇轍以物莫能侵；吳澄以臨蒞天下、民氣和平；憨山以道德君臨天下；魏源從《韓非子》作「以道蒞天下者」；王夫之以蒞之而已。", "generalSimp": "王弼以道莅天下则鬼不神；御疏以圣人以道临人；李荣以莅为临、人自安任；陆希声以天下亦若是；吕惠卿以使人不淫其性、不迁其德；苏辙以物莫能侵；吴澄以临莅天下、民气和平；憨山以道德君临天下；魏源从《韩非子》作「以道莅天下者」；王夫之以莅之而已。", "variants": [ "以道蒞天下者" ], "variantsSimp": [ "以道莅天下者" ], "refs": [ "c007", "c018", "c020", "c022", "c026", "c027", "c029", "c033", "c038", "c042", "c046" ], "refsSimp": [ "c007", "c018", "c020", "c022", "c026", "c027", "c029", "c033", "c038", "c042", "c046" ] }, { "id": "n004", "sentenceId": "s002", "start": 2, "end": 3, "char": "蒞", "charSimp": "莅", "startSimp": 2, "endSimp": 3, "pinyin": "lì", "gloss": "臨、臨治。", "glossSimp": "临、临治。", "general": "李榮以蒞為臨；吳澄以蒞為臨；御疏以道臨人；王弼、呂惠卿、蘇轍作「蒞」，河上公、陸希聲、吳澄、魏源、憨山、王夫之作「莅」。", "generalSimp": "李荣以莅为临；吴澄以莅为临；御疏以道临人；王弼、吕惠卿、苏辙作「莅」，河上公、陆希声、吴澄、魏源、憨山、王夫之作「莅」。", "variants": [ "莅" ], "variantsSimp": [ "莅" ], "refs": [ "c007", "c020", "c022", "c027", "c033", "c042" ], "refsSimp": [ "c007", "c020", "c022", "c027", "c033", "c042" ] }, { "id": "n005", "sentenceId": "s002", "start": 7, "end": 10, "char": "鬼不神", "charSimp": "鬼不神", "startSimp": 7, "endSimp": 10, "pinyin": "guǐ bù shén", "gloss": "鬼不顯靈作祟。", "glossSimp": "鬼不显灵作祟。", "general": "河上公以鬼不敢見精神犯人；王弼以神不害自然；御注以神不見怪；李榮以鬼無以效明靈；蘇轍以鬼無所用神；吳澄以鬼不為靈怪興妖災；憨山以不能為禍福；魏源引韓非以鬼神不與人相害；王夫之以靜則無。", "generalSimp": "河上公以鬼不敢见精神犯人；王弼以神不害自然；御注以神不见怪；李荣以鬼无以效明灵；苏辙以鬼无所用神；吴澄以鬼不为灵怪兴妖灾；憨山以不能为祸福；魏源引韩非以鬼神不与人相害；王夫之以静则无。", "variants": [ "其鬼不神" ], "variantsSimp": [ "其鬼不神" ], "refs": [ "c002", "c007", "c015", "c022", "c029", "c033", "c038", "c043", "c046" ], "refsSimp": [ "c002", "c007", "c015", "c022", "c029", "c033", "c038", "c043", "c046" ] }, { "id": "n006", "sentenceId": "s003", "start": 7, "end": 11, "char": "神不傷人", "charSimp": "神不伤人", "startSimp": 7, "endSimp": 11, "pinyin": "shén bù shāng rén", "gloss": "神靈不傷害人。", "glossSimp": "神灵不伤害人。", "general": "河上公以邪不入正；王弼以神不害自然；成玄英以福祐於人不損傷物；御注以不見怪傷人；御疏以妖由人釁；李榮以邪不為害；蘇轍以有神而不傷人；吳澄以天地之氣和平；憨山以只為民之福。", "generalSimp": "河上公以邪不入正；王弼以神不害自然；成玄英以福祐于人不损伤物；御注以不见怪伤人；御疏以妖由人衅；李荣以邪不为害；苏辙以有神而不伤人；吴澄以天地之气和平；憨山以只为民之福。", "variants": [ "其神不傷人" ], "variantsSimp": [ "其神不伤人" ], "refs": [ "c003", "c008", "c012", "c015", "c019", "c023", "c030", "c034", "c039" ], "refsSimp": [ "c003", "c008", "c012", "c015", "c019", "c023", "c030", "c034", "c039" ] }, { "id": "n007", "sentenceId": "s004", "start": 7, "end": 9, "char": "聖人", "charSimp": "圣人", "startSimp": 7, "endSimp": 9, "pinyin": "shèng rén", "gloss": "有道的君主。", "glossSimp": "有道的君主。", "general": "河上公以聖人在位不傷害人；王弼以道洽則聖人亦不傷人；成玄英以聖人以道蒞天下制伏邪惡；御注以聖人無為清靜；御疏以無為不擾、百姓自正；李榮以聖人在上德被幽明；憨山以聖人含哺百姓、如保赤子。", "generalSimp": "河上公以圣人在位不伤害人；王弼以道洽则圣人亦不伤人；成玄英以圣人以道莅天下制伏邪恶；御注以圣人无为清静；御疏以无为不扰、百姓自正；李荣以圣人在上德被幽明；憨山以圣人含哺百姓、如保赤子。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c004", "c009", "c013", "c016", "c020", "c024", "c040" ], "refsSimp": [ "c004", "c009", "c013", "c016", "c020", "c024", "c040" ] }, { "id": "n008", "sentenceId": "s004", "start": 9, "end": 10, "char": "亦", "charSimp": "亦", "startSimp": 9, "endSimp": 10, "pinyin": "yì", "gloss": "也，承接上句「非其神不傷人」。", "glossSimp": "也，承接上句「非其神不伤人」。", "general": "成玄英引張係師、陸先生本作「之」；吳澄作「聖人亦不傷之」；呂惠卿作「聖人亦不傷民」；魏源從《韓非子》作「聖人亦不傷民」，校記云各本作「亦不傷之」、傅奕作「亦不傷人」；憨山作「聖人亦不傷之」。", "generalSimp": "成玄英引张系师、陆先生本作「之」；吴澄作「圣人亦不伤之」；吕惠卿作「圣人亦不伤民」；魏源从《韩非子》作「圣人亦不伤民」，校记云各本作「亦不伤之」、傅奕作「亦不伤人」；憨山作「圣人亦不伤之」。", "variants": [ "之", "民" ], "variantsSimp": [ "之", "民" ], "refs": [ "c013", "c034", "c040", "c042" ], "refsSimp": [ "c013", "c034", "c040", "c042" ] }, { "id": "n009", "sentenceId": "s005", "start": 1, "end": 5, "char": "兩不相傷", "charSimp": "两不相伤", "startSimp": 1, "endSimp": 5, "pinyin": "liǎng bù xiāng shāng", "gloss": "鬼與聖人兩方面都不相傷害。", "glossSimp": "鬼与圣人两方面都不相伤害。", "general": "河上公以鬼與聖人俱不相傷；王弼以神不傷人、聖人不傷人；成玄英以幽顯得所、不相損害；御注以兩不傷物；御疏以聖與神兩者；李榮以俱能利物不相傷；蘇轍以人鬼不相傷由上有聖人；吳澄以天地之氣與聖人不相傷害；憨山以兩不相傷；魏源引韓非以上不與民相害、鬼不與人相傷；王夫之以相保於水之未波。", "generalSimp": "河上公以鬼与圣人俱不相伤；王弼以神不伤人、圣人不伤人；成玄英以幽显得所、不相损害；御注以两不伤物；御疏以圣与神两者；李荣以俱能利物不相伤；苏辙以人鬼不相伤由上有圣人；吴澄以天地之气与圣人不相伤害；憨山以两不相伤；魏源引韩非以上不与民相害、鬼不与人相伤；王夫之以相保于水之未波。", "variants": [ "夫兩不相傷" ], "variantsSimp": [ "夫两不相伤" ], "refs": [ "c005", "c010", "c014", "c017", "c021", "c025", "c031", "c035", "c041", "c043", "c046" ], "refsSimp": [ "c005", "c010", "c014", "c017", "c021", "c025", "c031", "c035", "c041", "c043", "c046" ] }, { "id": "n010", "sentenceId": "s005", "start": 7, "end": 10, "char": "德交歸", "charSimp": "德交归", "startSimp": 7, "endSimp": 10, "pinyin": "dé jiāo guī", "gloss": "德澤交相歸聚。", "glossSimp": "德泽交相归聚。", "general": "河上公以人得治於陽、鬼得治於陰；王弼以神聖合道交歸；成玄英以恩德往來、交相歸附；御注以兩不傷物故德交歸；御疏以神聖獨豐、兆人咸賴；李榮以德澤交歸眾人；蘇轍以德交歸之；吳澄以皆歸德於聖人；憨山以兩不相傷故其德交歸；魏源引韓非以德盡在於民；王夫之以蒞之而已。", "generalSimp": "河上公以人得治于阳、鬼得治于阴；王弼以神圣合道交归；成玄英以恩德往来、交相归附；御注以两不伤物故德交归；御疏以神圣独丰、兆人咸赖；李荣以德泽交归众人；苏辙以德交归之；吴澄以皆归德于圣人；憨山以两不相伤故其德交归；魏源引韩非以德尽在于民；王夫之以莅之而已。", "variants": [ "其德交歸", "則德交歸" ], "variantsSimp": [ "其德交归", "则德交归" ], "refs": [ "c005", "c010", "c014", "c017", "c021", "c025", "c031", "c035", "c041", "c043" ], "refsSimp": [ "c005", "c010", "c014", "c017", "c021", "c025", "c031", "c035", "c041", "c043" ] } ], "glossary": { "居位": "河上公本章章題。", "治大國章": "《玄德纂疏》、呂惠卿、蘇轍本章章題。", "治大國": "治理大國。", "治大國者": "魏源從《韓非子》所用異文。", "烹小鮮": "煎烹小魚，喻不可擾動。", "大國": "治理的對象，諸侯大國。", "天下": "天下之人、天下之境。", "蒞": "臨、臨治。", "莅": "河上公、陸希聲、吳澄、魏源、憨山、王夫之所用異文，義同蒞。", "不擾": "不擾動，本章治大國之要。", "鬼": "人死後的精氣、神靈。", "神": "神靈、靈驗。", "鬼不神": "鬼不顯靈作祟。", "其鬼不神": "鬼不顯靈作祟。", "神不傷人": "神靈不傷害人。", "其神不傷人": "神靈不傷害人。", "聖人": "有道的君主。", "亦": "也，承接上句。", "之": "成玄英所引張係師、陸先生本異文，吳澄從之。", "民": "呂惠卿、《玄德纂疏》所引經文異文，魏源從《韓非子》。", "兩不相傷": "鬼與聖人兩方面都不相傷害。", "夫兩不相傷": "鬼與聖人兩方面都不相傷害。", "德交歸": "德澤交相歸聚。", "其德交歸": "憨山異文，義同德交歸。", "則德交歸": "魏源從《韓非子》所用異文，義同德交歸。", "解老": "《韓非子》篇名，魏源引以釋本章。", "韓非子": "魏源據以校本章字句，並引《解老》篇。", "大制": "呂惠卿語，謂以道蒞天下。", "混芒": "呂惠卿語，謂處混芒之中、與一世而得澹漠。", "澹漠": "呂惠卿語，謂恬淡寂寞。", "靈響": "呂惠卿語，謂神之靈應。", "交": "吳澄訓為皆。", "威網": "王弼語，謂恃威網以使物者治之衰。", "載營魄抱一": "《老子》第十章語，王夫之引以明靜而不動。", "龍蛇起陸": "王夫之語，喻殺機一動之害。", "兆人": "唐玄宗御疏語，謂萬民。", "傅奕": "魏源校記所引，謂作「亦不傷人」。", "張係師": "成玄英所引，謂其本作「之」字。", "陸先生": "成玄英所引，謂其本作「之」字。" }, "collations": [ { "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "章次與章題", "text": "王弼本無章題。河上公題「居位第六十」；《玄德纂疏》、呂惠卿、蘇轍題「治大國章第六十」；吳澄此章為其第五十一章；魏源此章為其第五十二章；王夫之標「六十章」。本站從王弼本分章。", "source": "河上公《老子道德經章句》、王弼《老子道德經注》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、魏源《老子本義》、王夫之《老子衍》", "textSimp": "王弼本无章题。河上公题「居位第六十」；《玄德纂疏》、吕惠卿、苏辙题「治大国章第六十」；吴澄此章为其第五十一章；魏源此章为其第五十二章；王夫之标「六十章」。本站从王弼本分章。", "headwordSimp": "章次与章题", "sourceSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》、王弼《老子道德经注》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、李荣《道德真经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、魏源《老子本义》、王夫之《老子衍》", "id": "k001" }, { "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "「治大國若烹小鮮」與「治大國者若烹小鮮」", "text": "王弼、河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山、王夫之正文作「治大國若烹小鮮」；魏源從《韓非子》作「治大國者若烹小鮮」。本站從王弼作「治大國若烹小鮮」，讀作「治大國，若烹小鮮」。", "source": "王弼《老子道德經注》、河上公《老子道德經章句》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》、王夫之《老子衍》", "textSimp": "王弼、河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李荣、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、憨山、王夫之正文作「治大国若烹小鲜」；魏源从《韩非子》作「治大国者若烹小鲜」。本站从王弼作「治大国若烹小鲜」，读作「治大国，若烹小鲜」。", "headwordSimp": "「治大国若烹小鲜」与「治大国者若烹小鲜」", "sourceSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》、河上公《老子道德经章句》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、李荣《道德真经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》、王夫之《老子衍》", "id": "k002" }, { "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "「以道蒞天下」與「以道莅天下者」", "text": "王弼、河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮、呂惠卿、蘇轍、憨山、王夫之正文無「者」字；陸希聲、吳澄、魏源有「者」字。王弼、呂惠卿、蘇轍作「蒞」；河上公、陸希聲、吳澄、魏源、憨山、王夫之作「莅」。本站從王弼作「以道蒞天下」。", "source": "王弼《老子道德經注》、河上公《老子道德經章句》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》、王夫之《老子衍》", "textSimp": "王弼、河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李荣、吕惠卿、苏辙、憨山、王夫之正文无「者」字；陆希声、吴澄、魏源有「者」字。王弼、吕惠卿、苏辙作「莅」；河上公、陆希声、吴澄、魏源、憨山、王夫之作「莅」。本站从王弼作「以道莅天下」。", "headwordSimp": "「以道莅天下」与「以道莅天下者」", "sourceSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》、河上公《老子道德经章句》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、李荣《道德真经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》、王夫之《老子衍》", "id": "k003" }, { "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "「非其鬼不神」「非其神不傷人」有無「也」字", "text": "王弼、河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山、王夫之正文皆無「也」字；魏源從《韓非子》作「非其鬼不神也」「非其神不傷人也」。本站從王弼無「也」字。", "source": "王弼《老子道德經注》、河上公《老子道德經章句》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》、王夫之《老子衍》", "textSimp": "王弼、河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李荣、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、憨山、王夫之正文皆无「也」字；魏源从《韩非子》作「非其鬼不神也」「非其神不伤人也」。本站从王弼无「也」字。", "headwordSimp": "「非其鬼不神」「非其神不伤人」有无「也」字", "sourceSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》、河上公《老子道德经章句》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、李荣《道德真经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》、王夫之《老子衍》", "id": "k004" }, { "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "「聖人亦不傷人」與「亦不傷民」「亦不傷之」", "text": "王弼、河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮、陸希聲、蘇轍、憨山、王夫之正文作「聖人亦不傷人」；呂惠卿、《玄德纂疏》所引經文作「聖人亦不傷民」；吳澄作「聖人亦不傷之」；魏源從《韓非子》作「聖人亦不傷民」，其校記云各本作「亦不傷之」、傅奕作「亦不傷人」；成玄英疏云張係師及陸先生本作「之」字。本站從王弼作「亦不傷人」。", "source": "王弼《老子道德經注》、河上公《老子道德經章句》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》、王夫之《老子衍》", "textSimp": "王弼、河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李荣、陆希声、苏辙、憨山、王夫之正文作「圣人亦不伤人」；吕惠卿、《玄德纂疏》所引经文作「圣人亦不伤民」；吴澄作「圣人亦不伤之」；魏源从《韩非子》作「圣人亦不伤民」，其校记云各本作「亦不伤之」、傅奕作「亦不伤人」；成玄英疏云张系师及陆先生本作「之」字。本站从王弼作「亦不伤人」。", "headwordSimp": "「圣人亦不伤人」与「亦不伤民」「亦不伤之」", "sourceSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》、河上公《老子道德经章句》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、李荣《道德真经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》、王夫之《老子衍》", "id": "k005" }, { "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "「故德交歸焉」與「則德交歸焉」「其德交歸焉」", "text": "王弼、河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、王夫之正文作「故德交歸焉」；魏源從《韓非子》作「則德交歸焉」，其校記云各本「則」作「故」；憨山作「故其德交歸焉」。本站從王弼作「故德交歸焉」。", "source": "王弼《老子道德經注》、河上公《老子道德經章句》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》、王夫之《老子衍》", "textSimp": "王弼、河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李荣、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、王夫之正文作「故德交归焉」；魏源从《韩非子》作「则德交归焉」，其校记云各本「则」作「故」；憨山作「故其德交归焉」。本站从王弼作「故德交归焉」。", "headwordSimp": "「故德交归焉」与「则德交归焉」「其德交归焉」", "sourceSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》、河上公《老子道德经章句》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、李荣《道德真经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》、王夫之《老子衍》", "id": "k006" }, { "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "出處與注數", "text": "河上公據四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引；成玄英、唐玄宗御注御疏、李榮據《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引；王弼、陸希聲、呂惠卿、吳澄據《道藏》本卷四，蘇轍據《道藏》本卷三；憨山、魏源、王夫之據公開轉錄本。河上公五條、王弼五條、成玄英章義一則與疏三條、唐玄宗御注三條、御疏四條、李榮四條、陸希聲一段、呂惠卿一段、蘇轍四條、吳澄四條、憨山一段（本站分六條）、魏源三條、王夫之二段。嚴遵《指歸》此章《玄德纂疏》卷十六無輯文，故不列；俞樾《諸子平議》此章未列。", "source": "河上公《老子道德經章句》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、李榮《道德真經注》（以上成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮據《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引）、王弼《老子道德經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》、王夫之《老子衍》", "textSimp": "河上公据四部丛刊本，参校《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引；成玄英、唐玄宗御注御疏、李荣据《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引；王弼、陆希声、吕惠卿、吴澄据《道藏》本卷四，苏辙据《道藏》本卷三；憨山、魏源、王夫之据公开转录本。河上公五条、王弼五条、成玄英章义一则与疏三条、唐玄宗御注三条、御疏四条、李荣四条、陆希声一段、吕惠卿一段、苏辙四条、吴澄四条、憨山一段（本站分六条）、魏源三条、王夫之二段。严遵《指归》此章《玄德纂疏》卷十六无辑文，故不列；俞樾《诸子平议》此章未列。", "headwordSimp": "出处与注数", "sourceSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、李荣《道德真经注》（以上成玄英、唐玄宗、李荣据《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引）、王弼《老子道德经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》、王夫之《老子衍》", "id": "k007" } ], "glossarySimp": { "居位": "河上公本章章题。", "治大国章": "《玄德纂疏》、吕惠卿、苏辙本章章题。", "治大国": "治理大国。", "治大国者": "魏源从《韩非子》所用异文。", "烹小鲜": "煎烹小鱼，喻不可扰动。", "大国": "治理的对象，诸侯大国。", "天下": "天下之人、天下之境。", "莅": "河上公、陆希声、吴澄、魏源、憨山、王夫之所用异文，义同莅。", "不扰": "不扰动，本章治大国之要。", "鬼": "人死后的精气、神灵。", "神": "神灵、灵验。", "鬼不神": "鬼不显灵作祟。", "其鬼不神": "鬼不显灵作祟。", "神不伤人": "神灵不伤害人。", "其神不伤人": "神灵不伤害人。", "圣人": "有道的君主。", "亦": "也，承接上句。", "之": "成玄英所引张系师、陆先生本异文，吴澄从之。", "民": "吕惠卿、《玄德纂疏》所引经文异文，魏源从《韩非子》。", "两不相伤": "鬼与圣人两方面都不相伤害。", "夫两不相伤": "鬼与圣人两方面都不相伤害。", "德交归": "德泽交相归聚。", "其德交归": "憨山异文，义同德交归。", "则德交归": "魏源从《韩非子》所用异文，义同德交归。", "解老": "《韩非子》篇名，魏源引以释本章。", "韩非子": "魏源据以校本章字句，并引《解老》篇。", "大制": "吕惠卿语，谓以道莅天下。", "混芒": "吕惠卿语，谓处混芒之中、与一世而得澹漠。", "澹漠": "吕惠卿语，谓恬淡寂寞。", "灵响": "吕惠卿语，谓神之灵应。", "交": "吴澄训为皆。", "威网": "王弼语，谓恃威网以使物者治之衰。", "载营魄抱一": "《老子》第十章语，王夫之引以明静而不动。", "龙蛇起陆": "王夫之语，喻杀机一动之害。", "兆人": "唐玄宗御疏语，谓万民。", "傅奕": "魏源校记所引，谓作「亦不伤人」。", "张系师": "成玄英所引，谓其本作「之」字。", "陆先生": "成玄英所引，谓其本作「之」字。" }, "lexicon": { "note": "由构建脚本从字词注与常用字表生成，供义位词典和开放数据集使用；occurrence 统计按繁体与简体正文分别匹配后合并。", "entries": [ { "order": 1, "id": "n001", "noteId": "n001", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "大國", "headwordSimp": "大国", "pinyin": "dà guó", "gloss": "治理的對象，諸侯大國。", "glossSimp": "治理的对象，诸侯大国。", "general": "河上公以治國煩則下亂、治身煩則精散分釋；王弼以不擾為說；成玄英以理國之喻不可有為；御疏以理大國不可煩；陸希聲以萬乘之國、調水火而不撓；呂惠卿以烹而割之則傷；蘇轍以治大國不可煩；吳澄以國大民眾當以簡靜；憨山以安靜無擾；魏源從《韓非子》作「治大國者」；王夫之以動形動氣為說。", "generalSimp": "河上公以治国烦则下乱、治身烦则精散分释；王弼以不扰为说；成玄英以理国之喻不可有为；御疏以理大国不可烦；陆希声以万乘之国、调水火而不挠；吕惠卿以烹而割之则伤；苏辙以治大国不可烦；吴澄以国大民众当以简静；憨山以安静无扰；魏源从《韩非子》作「治大国者」；王夫之以动形动气为说。", "variants": [ "治大國者" ], "variantsSimp": [ "治大国者" ], "refs": [ "c001", "c006", "c011", "c018", "c026", "c027", "c028", "c032", "c037", "c042", "c045" ], "refsSimp": [ "c001", "c006", "c011", "c018", "c026", "c027", "c028", "c032", "c037", "c042", "c045" ], "forms": [ { "form": "大國", "formSimp": "大国", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 2, "id": "n002", "noteId": "n002", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "烹小鮮", "headwordSimp": "烹小鲜", "pinyin": "pēng xiǎo xiān", "gloss": "煎烹小魚，喻不可擾動。", "glossSimp": "煎烹小鱼，喻不可扰动。", "general": "河上公以不去腸鱗、不敢撓為說；御疏以撓則魚潰；陸希聲以膚寸之鮮；呂惠卿以全之而不割；蘇轍以撓則魚爛；吳澄以小魚唯恐壞爛；憨山以撓則靡爛；魏源引韓非以數撓則賊其澤；王夫之以撓之而氣已傷。", "generalSimp": "河上公以不去肠鳞、不敢挠为说；御疏以挠则鱼溃；陆希声以肤寸之鲜；吕惠卿以全之而不割；苏辙以挠则鱼烂；吴澄以小鱼唯恐坏烂；憨山以挠则靡烂；魏源引韩非以数挠则贼其泽；王夫之以挠之而气已伤。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c001", "c018", "c026", "c027", "c028", "c032", "c037", "c043", "c045" ], "refsSimp": [ "c001", "c018", "c026", "c027", "c028", "c032", "c037", "c043", "c045" ], "forms": [ { "form": "烹小鮮", "formSimp": "烹小鲜", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 3, "id": "n003", "noteId": "n003", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "天下", "headwordSimp": "天下", "pinyin": "tiān xià", "gloss": "天下之人、天下之境。", "glossSimp": "天下之人、天下之境。", "general": "王弼以道蒞天下則鬼不神；御疏以聖人以道臨人；李榮以蒞為臨、人自安任；陸希聲以天下亦若是；呂惠卿以使人不淫其性、不遷其德；蘇轍以物莫能侵；吳澄以臨蒞天下、民氣和平；憨山以道德君臨天下；魏源從《韓非子》作「以道蒞天下者」；王夫之以蒞之而已。", "generalSimp": "王弼以道莅天下则鬼不神；御疏以圣人以道临人；李荣以莅为临、人自安任；陆希声以天下亦若是；吕惠卿以使人不淫其性、不迁其德；苏辙以物莫能侵；吴澄以临莅天下、民气和平；憨山以道德君临天下；魏源从《韩非子》作「以道莅天下者」；王夫之以莅之而已。", "variants": [ "以道蒞天下者" ], "variantsSimp": [ "以道莅天下者" ], "refs": [ "c007", "c018", "c020", "c022", "c026", "c027", "c029", "c033", "c038", "c042", "c046" ], "refsSimp": [ "c007", "c018", "c020", "c022", "c026", "c027", "c029", "c033", "c038", "c042", "c046" ], "forms": [ { "form": "天下", "formSimp": "天下", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 4, "id": "n004", "noteId": "n004", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "蒞", "headwordSimp": "莅", "pinyin": "lì", "gloss": "臨、臨治。", "glossSimp": "临、临治。", "general": "李榮以蒞為臨；吳澄以蒞為臨；御疏以道臨人；王弼、呂惠卿、蘇轍作「蒞」，河上公、陸希聲、吳澄、魏源、憨山、王夫之作「莅」。", "generalSimp": "李荣以莅为临；吴澄以莅为临；御疏以道临人；王弼、吕惠卿、苏辙作「莅」，河上公、陆希声、吴澄、魏源、憨山、王夫之作「莅」。", "variants": [ "莅" ], "variantsSimp": [ "莅" ], "refs": [ "c007", "c020", "c022", "c027", "c033", "c042" ], "refsSimp": [ "c007", "c020", "c022", "c027", "c033", "c042" ], "forms": [ { "form": "蒞", "formSimp": "莅", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] }, { "form": "莅", "formSimp": "莅", "kind": "variant", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 5, "id": "n005", "noteId": "n005", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "鬼不神", "headwordSimp": "鬼不神", "pinyin": "guǐ bù shén", "gloss": "鬼不顯靈作祟。", "glossSimp": "鬼不显灵作祟。", "general": "河上公以鬼不敢見精神犯人；王弼以神不害自然；御注以神不見怪；李榮以鬼無以效明靈；蘇轍以鬼無所用神；吳澄以鬼不為靈怪興妖災；憨山以不能為禍福；魏源引韓非以鬼神不與人相害；王夫之以靜則無。", "generalSimp": "河上公以鬼不敢见精神犯人；王弼以神不害自然；御注以神不见怪；李荣以鬼无以效明灵；苏辙以鬼无所用神；吴澄以鬼不为灵怪兴妖灾；憨山以不能为祸福；魏源引韩非以鬼神不与人相害；王夫之以静则无。", "variants": [ "其鬼不神" ], "variantsSimp": [ "其鬼不神" ], "refs": [ "c002", "c007", "c015", "c022", "c029", "c033", "c038", "c043", "c046" ], "refsSimp": [ "c002", "c007", "c015", "c022", "c029", "c033", "c038", "c043", "c046" ], "forms": [ { "form": "鬼不神", "formSimp": "鬼不神", "kind": "headword", "count": 2, "sentenceIds": [ "s002", "s003" ] }, { "form": "其鬼不神", "formSimp": "其鬼不神", "kind": "variant", "count": 2, "sentenceIds": [ "s002", "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002", "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 2 }, { "order": 6, "id": "n006", "noteId": "n006", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "神不傷人", "headwordSimp": "神不伤人", "pinyin": "shén bù shāng rén", "gloss": "神靈不傷害人。", "glossSimp": "神灵不伤害人。", "general": "河上公以邪不入正；王弼以神不害自然；成玄英以福祐於人不損傷物；御注以不見怪傷人；御疏以妖由人釁；李榮以邪不為害；蘇轍以有神而不傷人；吳澄以天地之氣和平；憨山以只為民之福。", "generalSimp": "河上公以邪不入正；王弼以神不害自然；成玄英以福祐于人不损伤物；御注以不见怪伤人；御疏以妖由人衅；李荣以邪不为害；苏辙以有神而不伤人；吴澄以天地之气和平；憨山以只为民之福。", "variants": [ "其神不傷人" ], "variantsSimp": [ "其神不伤人" ], "refs": [ "c003", "c008", "c012", "c015", "c019", "c023", "c030", "c034", "c039" ], "refsSimp": [ "c003", "c008", "c012", "c015", "c019", "c023", "c030", "c034", "c039" ], "forms": [ { "form": "神不傷人", "formSimp": "神不伤人", "kind": "headword", "count": 2, "sentenceIds": [ "s003", "s004" ] }, { "form": "其神不傷人", "formSimp": "其神不伤人", "kind": "variant", "count": 2, "sentenceIds": [ "s003", "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003", "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 2 }, { "order": 7, "id": "n007", "noteId": "n007", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "聖人", "headwordSimp": "圣人", "pinyin": "shèng rén", "gloss": "有道的君主。", "glossSimp": "有道的君主。", "general": "河上公以聖人在位不傷害人；王弼以道洽則聖人亦不傷人；成玄英以聖人以道蒞天下制伏邪惡；御注以聖人無為清靜；御疏以無為不擾、百姓自正；李榮以聖人在上德被幽明；憨山以聖人含哺百姓、如保赤子。", "generalSimp": "河上公以圣人在位不伤害人；王弼以道洽则圣人亦不伤人；成玄英以圣人以道莅天下制伏邪恶；御注以圣人无为清静；御疏以无为不扰、百姓自正；李荣以圣人在上德被幽明；憨山以圣人含哺百姓、如保赤子。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c004", "c009", "c013", "c016", "c020", "c024", "c040" ], "refsSimp": [ "c004", "c009", "c013", "c016", "c020", "c024", "c040" ], "forms": [ { "form": "聖人", "formSimp": "圣人", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 8, "id": "n008", "noteId": "n008", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "亦", "headwordSimp": "亦", "pinyin": "yì", "gloss": "也，承接上句「非其神不傷人」。", "glossSimp": "也，承接上句「非其神不伤人」。", "general": "成玄英引張係師、陸先生本作「之」；吳澄作「聖人亦不傷之」；呂惠卿作「聖人亦不傷民」；魏源從《韓非子》作「聖人亦不傷民」，校記云各本作「亦不傷之」、傅奕作「亦不傷人」；憨山作「聖人亦不傷之」。", "generalSimp": "成玄英引张系师、陆先生本作「之」；吴澄作「圣人亦不伤之」；吕惠卿作「圣人亦不伤民」；魏源从《韩非子》作「圣人亦不伤民」，校记云各本作「亦不伤之」、傅奕作「亦不伤人」；憨山作「圣人亦不伤之」。", "variants": [ "之", "民" ], "variantsSimp": [ "之", "民" ], "refs": [ "c013", "c034", "c040", "c042" ], "refsSimp": [ "c013", "c034", "c040", "c042" ], "forms": [ { "form": "亦", "formSimp": "亦", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 9, "id": "n009", "noteId": "n009", "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "兩不相傷", "headwordSimp": "两不相伤", "pinyin": "liǎng bù xiāng shāng", "gloss": "鬼與聖人兩方面都不相傷害。", "glossSimp": "鬼与圣人两方面都不相伤害。", "general": "河上公以鬼與聖人俱不相傷；王弼以神不傷人、聖人不傷人；成玄英以幽顯得所、不相損害；御注以兩不傷物；御疏以聖與神兩者；李榮以俱能利物不相傷；蘇轍以人鬼不相傷由上有聖人；吳澄以天地之氣與聖人不相傷害；憨山以兩不相傷；魏源引韓非以上不與民相害、鬼不與人相傷；王夫之以相保於水之未波。", "generalSimp": "河上公以鬼与圣人俱不相伤；王弼以神不伤人、圣人不伤人；成玄英以幽显得所、不相损害；御注以两不伤物；御疏以圣与神两者；李荣以俱能利物不相伤；苏辙以人鬼不相伤由上有圣人；吴澄以天地之气与圣人不相伤害；憨山以两不相伤；魏源引韩非以上不与民相害、鬼不与人相伤；王夫之以相保于水之未波。", "variants": [ "夫兩不相傷" ], "variantsSimp": [ "夫两不相伤" ], "refs": [ "c005", "c010", "c014", "c017", "c021", "c025", "c031", "c035", "c041", "c043", "c046" ], "refsSimp": [ "c005", "c010", "c014", "c017", "c021", "c025", "c031", "c035", "c041", "c043", "c046" ], "forms": [ { "form": "兩不相傷", "formSimp": "两不相伤", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s005" ] }, { "form": "夫兩不相傷", "formSimp": "夫两不相伤", "kind": "variant", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s005" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s005" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 10, "id": "n010", "noteId": "n010", "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "德交歸", "headwordSimp": "德交归", "pinyin": "dé jiāo guī", "gloss": "德澤交相歸聚。", "glossSimp": "德泽交相归聚。", "general": "河上公以人得治於陽、鬼得治於陰；王弼以神聖合道交歸；成玄英以恩德往來、交相歸附；御注以兩不傷物故德交歸；御疏以神聖獨豐、兆人咸賴；李榮以德澤交歸眾人；蘇轍以德交歸之；吳澄以皆歸德於聖人；憨山以兩不相傷故其德交歸；魏源引韓非以德盡在於民；王夫之以蒞之而已。", "generalSimp": "河上公以人得治于阳、鬼得治于阴；王弼以神圣合道交归；成玄英以恩德往来、交相归附；御注以两不伤物故德交归；御疏以神圣独丰、兆人咸赖；李荣以德泽交归众人；苏辙以德交归之；吴澄以皆归德于圣人；憨山以两不相伤故其德交归；魏源引韩非以德尽在于民；王夫之以莅之而已。", "variants": [ "其德交歸", "則德交歸" ], "variantsSimp": [ "其德交归", "则德交归" ], "refs": [ "c005", "c010", "c014", "c017", "c021", "c025", "c031", "c035", "c041", "c043" ], "refsSimp": [ "c005", "c010", "c014", "c017", "c021", "c025", "c031", "c035", "c041", "c043" ], "forms": [ { "form": "德交歸", "formSimp": "德交归", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s005" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s005" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 } ], "glossaryEntries": [ { "order": 11, "id": "g001", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "居位", "headwordSimp": "居位", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "河上公本章章題。", "glossSimp": "河上公本章章题。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "居位", "formSimp": "居位", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 12, "id": "g002", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "治大國章", "headwordSimp": "治大国章", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "《玄德纂疏》、呂惠卿、蘇轍本章章題。", "glossSimp": "《玄德纂疏》、吕惠卿、苏辙本章章题。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "治大國章", "formSimp": "治大国章", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 13, "id": "g003", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "治大國", "headwordSimp": "治大国", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "治理大國。", "glossSimp": "治理大国。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "治大國", "formSimp": "治大国", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 14, "id": "g004", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "治大國者", "headwordSimp": "治大国者", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "魏源從《韓非子》所用異文。", "glossSimp": "魏源从《韩非子》所用异文。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "治大國者", "formSimp": "治大国者", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 15, "id": "g005", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "烹小鮮", "headwordSimp": "烹小鲜", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "煎烹小魚，喻不可擾動。", "glossSimp": "煎烹小鱼，喻不可扰动。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "烹小鮮", "formSimp": "烹小鲜", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 16, "id": "g006", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "大國", "headwordSimp": "大国", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "治理的對象，諸侯大國。", "glossSimp": "治理的对象，诸侯大国。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "大國", "formSimp": "大国", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 17, "id": "g007", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "天下", "headwordSimp": "天下", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "天下之人、天下之境。", "glossSimp": "天下之人、天下之境。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "天下", "formSimp": "天下", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 18, "id": "g008", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "蒞", "headwordSimp": "莅", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "臨、臨治。", "glossSimp": "河上公、陆希声、吴澄、魏源、憨山、王夫之所用异文，义同莅。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "蒞", "formSimp": "莅", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 19, "id": "g009", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "莅", "headwordSimp": "不扰", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "河上公、陸希聲、吳澄、魏源、憨山、王夫之所用異文，義同蒞。", "glossSimp": "不扰动，本章治大国之要。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "莅", "formSimp": "不扰", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 20, "id": "g010", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "不擾", "headwordSimp": "鬼", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "不擾動，本章治大國之要。", "glossSimp": "人死后的精气、神灵。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "不擾", "formSimp": "鬼", "kind": "headword", "count": 2, "sentenceIds": [ "s002", "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002", "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 2 }, { "order": 21, "id": "g011", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "鬼", "headwordSimp": "神", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "人死後的精氣、神靈。", "glossSimp": "神灵、灵验。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "鬼", "formSimp": "神", "kind": "headword", "count": 3, "sentenceIds": [ "s002", "s003", "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002", "s003", "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 3 }, { "order": 22, "id": "g012", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "神", "headwordSimp": "鬼不神", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "神靈、靈驗。", "glossSimp": "鬼不显灵作祟。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "神", "formSimp": "鬼不神", "kind": "headword", "count": 3, "sentenceIds": [ "s002", "s003", "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002", "s003", "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 3 }, { "order": 23, "id": "g013", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "鬼不神", "headwordSimp": "其鬼不神", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "鬼不顯靈作祟。", "glossSimp": "鬼不显灵作祟。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "鬼不神", "formSimp": "其鬼不神", "kind": "headword", "count": 2, "sentenceIds": [ "s002", "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002", "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 2 }, { "order": 24, "id": "g014", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "其鬼不神", "headwordSimp": "神不伤人", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "鬼不顯靈作祟。", "glossSimp": "神灵不伤害人。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "其鬼不神", "formSimp": "神不伤人", "kind": "headword", "count": 3, "sentenceIds": [ "s002", "s003", "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002", "s003", "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 3 }, { "order": 25, "id": "g015", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "神不傷人", "headwordSimp": "其神不伤人", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "神靈不傷害人。", "glossSimp": "神灵不伤害人。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "神不傷人", "formSimp": "其神不伤人", "kind": "headword", "count": 2, "sentenceIds": [ "s003", "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003", "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 2 }, { "order": 26, "id": "g016", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "其神不傷人", "headwordSimp": "圣人", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "神靈不傷害人。", "glossSimp": "有道的君主。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "其神不傷人", "formSimp": "圣人", "kind": "headword", "count": 2, "sentenceIds": [ "s003", "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003", "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 2 }, { "order": 27, "id": "g017", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "聖人", "headwordSimp": "亦", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "有道的君主。", "glossSimp": "也，承接上句。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "聖人", "formSimp": "亦", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 28, "id": "g018", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "亦", "headwordSimp": "之", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "也，承接上句。", "glossSimp": "成玄英所引张系师、陆先生本异文，吴澄从之。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "亦", "formSimp": "之", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 29, "id": "g019", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "之", "headwordSimp": "民", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "成玄英所引張係師、陸先生本異文，吳澄從之。", "glossSimp": "吕惠卿、《玄德纂疏》所引经文异文，魏源从《韩非子》。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "之", "formSimp": "民", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 30, "id": "g020", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "民", "headwordSimp": "两不相伤", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "呂惠卿、《玄德纂疏》所引經文異文，魏源從《韓非子》。", "glossSimp": "鬼与圣人两方面都不相伤害。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "民", "formSimp": "两不相伤", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s005" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s005" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 31, "id": "g021", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "兩不相傷", "headwordSimp": "夫两不相伤", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "鬼與聖人兩方面都不相傷害。", "glossSimp": "鬼与圣人两方面都不相伤害。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "兩不相傷", "formSimp": "夫两不相伤", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s005" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s005" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 32, "id": "g022", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "夫兩不相傷", "headwordSimp": "德交归", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "鬼與聖人兩方面都不相傷害。", "glossSimp": "德泽交相归聚。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "夫兩不相傷", "formSimp": "德交归", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s005" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s005" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 33, "id": "g023", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "德交歸", "headwordSimp": "其德交归", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "德澤交相歸聚。", "glossSimp": "憨山异文，义同德交归。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "德交歸", "formSimp": "其德交归", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s005" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s005" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 34, "id": "g024", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "其德交歸", "headwordSimp": "则德交归", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "憨山異文，義同德交歸。", "glossSimp": "魏源从《韩非子》所用异文，义同德交归。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "其德交歸", "formSimp": "则德交归", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 35, "id": "g025", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "則德交歸", "headwordSimp": "解老", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "魏源從《韓非子》所用異文，義同德交歸。", "glossSimp": "《韩非子》篇名，魏源引以释本章。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "則德交歸", "formSimp": "解老", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 36, "id": "g026", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "解老", "headwordSimp": "韩非子", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "《韓非子》篇名，魏源引以釋本章。", "glossSimp": "魏源据以校本章字句，并引《解老》篇。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "解老", "formSimp": "韩非子", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 37, "id": "g027", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "韓非子", "headwordSimp": "大制", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "魏源據以校本章字句，並引《解老》篇。", "glossSimp": "吕惠卿语，谓以道莅天下。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "韓非子", "formSimp": "大制", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 38, "id": "g028", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "大制", "headwordSimp": "混芒", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "呂惠卿語，謂以道蒞天下。", "glossSimp": "吕惠卿语，谓处混芒之中、与一世而得澹漠。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "大制", "formSimp": "混芒", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 39, "id": "g029", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "混芒", "headwordSimp": "澹漠", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "呂惠卿語，謂處混芒之中、與一世而得澹漠。", "glossSimp": "吕惠卿语，谓恬淡寂寞。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "混芒", "formSimp": "澹漠", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 40, "id": "g030", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "澹漠", "headwordSimp": "灵响", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "呂惠卿語，謂恬淡寂寞。", "glossSimp": "吕惠卿语，谓神之灵应。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "澹漠", "formSimp": "灵响", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 41, "id": "g031", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "靈響", "headwordSimp": "交", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "呂惠卿語，謂神之靈應。", "glossSimp": "吴澄训为皆。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "靈響", "formSimp": "交", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s005" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s005" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 42, "id": "g032", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "交", "headwordSimp": "威网", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "吳澄訓為皆。", "glossSimp": "王弼语，谓恃威网以使物者治之衰。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "交", "formSimp": "威网", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s005" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s005" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 43, "id": "g033", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "威網", "headwordSimp": "载营魄抱一", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "王弼語，謂恃威網以使物者治之衰。", "glossSimp": "《老子》第十章语，王夫之引以明静而不动。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "威網", "formSimp": "载营魄抱一", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 44, "id": "g034", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "載營魄抱一", "headwordSimp": "龙蛇起陆", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "《老子》第十章語，王夫之引以明靜而不動。", "glossSimp": "王夫之语，喻杀机一动之害。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "載營魄抱一", "formSimp": "龙蛇起陆", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 45, "id": "g035", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "龍蛇起陸", "headwordSimp": "兆人", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "王夫之語，喻殺機一動之害。", "glossSimp": "唐玄宗御疏语，谓万民。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "龍蛇起陸", "formSimp": "兆人", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 46, "id": "g036", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "兆人", "headwordSimp": "傅奕", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "唐玄宗御疏語，謂萬民。", "glossSimp": "魏源校记所引，谓作「亦不伤人」。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "兆人", "formSimp": "傅奕", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 47, "id": "g037", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "傅奕", "headwordSimp": "张系师", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "魏源校記所引，謂作「亦不傷人」。", "glossSimp": "成玄英所引，谓其本作「之」字。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "傅奕", "formSimp": "张系师", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 48, "id": "g038", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "張係師", "headwordSimp": "陆先生", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "成玄英所引，謂其本作「之」字。", "glossSimp": "成玄英所引，谓其本作「之」字。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "張係師", "formSimp": "陆先生", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 49, "id": "g039", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "陸先生", "headwordSimp": "陸先生", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "成玄英所引，謂其本作「之」字。", "glossSimp": "", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "陸先生", "formSimp": "陸先生", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 } ] }, "relations": { "version": "1.0.0", "note": "第六十章五句的十二家對照，為德經第二十三章。河上公此章據四部叢刊本，參校《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引；成玄英、唐玄宗御注御疏、李榮據《玄德纂疏》卷十六所引；王弼、陸希聲、呂惠卿、吳澄據《道藏》本卷四，蘇轍據《道藏》本卷三；憨山、魏源、王夫之據公開轉錄本。嚴遵《指歸》此章《玄德纂疏》卷十六無輯文，故不列；俞樾《諸子平議》此章未列。河上公題「居位」，《玄德纂疏》、呂惠卿、蘇轍題「治大國章」，吳澄此章為其第五十一章，魏源此章為其第五十二章，王夫之標「六十章」。治大國若烹小鮮，諸家或言不擾、或言不割、或言全之；其鬼不神，有鬼不敢見精神、神不害自然、和氣致祥、鬼神不與人相害之異；聖人亦不傷人，有無為清靜、使人不淫性、含哺百姓之別；兩不相傷，有神聖合道、幽顯得所、天地之氣和平、德盡在民諸解；德交歸，有交歸之、交歸眾人、皆歸德於聖人之殊。", "concepts": [ { "id": "zhi-da-guo-ruo-peng-xiao-xian", "name": "治大國，若烹小鮮", "nameTrad": "治大國，若烹小鮮", "question": "治大國何以喻於烹小鮮？", "questionTrad": "治大國何以喻於烹小鮮？", "intro": "河上公以烹小魚不去腸、不去鱗、不敢撓、恐其糜，喻治國煩則下亂、治身煩則精散。王弼以不擾釋之，躁則多害、靜則全真，故其國彌大而其主彌靜，然後乃能廣得眾心。成玄英以理國之喻不可有為，列為全章三義之首。唐玄宗御疏以烹小魚不可撓、撓則魚潰，喻理大國不可煩、煩則人亂，皆須用道。李榮以治國煩則下亂、修身煩則精散發端，與河上公同調。陸希聲以治萬乘之國若烹膚寸之鮮，雖調水火要在不撓，撓則魚傷糜爛於鼎；以道蒞天下亦要在不擾，擾則民傷潰亂於國。呂惠卿以烹魚不可煩，烹小鮮尤當全之而不割，以道蒞天下謂之大制亦不割以傷之。蘇轍以烹小鮮者不可撓、治大國者不可煩，煩則人勞、撓則魚爛。吳澄以小鮮為小魚，國大民眾當以簡靜，不可擾動其民，如烹小魚唯恐壞爛。憨山以治大國以安靜無擾為主，行其所無事則民自安居樂業，撓則靡爛而不全。魏源從《韓非子》作「治大國者若烹小鮮」，其引《解老》以法令數更、烹鮮數撓為喻，謂有道之君貴清靜而重變法。王夫之則以動天下之形猶餘其氣，動天下之氣則動無餘，烹小鮮而撓之未嘗傷小鮮而氣已傷。諸家喻意一致：大國不可以煩，煩則傷民，唯簡靜不擾、全之而不割，乃合烹鮮之道。", "introTrad": "河上公以烹小魚不去腸、不去鱗、不敢撓、恐其糜，喻治國煩則下亂、治身煩則精散。王弼以不擾釋之，躁則多害、靜則全真，故其國彌大而其主彌靜，然後乃能廣得眾心。成玄英以理國之喻不可有為，列為全章三義之首。唐玄宗御疏以烹小魚不可撓、撓則魚潰，喻理大國不可煩、煩則人亂，皆須用道。李榮以治國煩則下亂、修身煩則精散發端，與河上公同調。陸希聲以治萬乘之國若烹膚寸之鮮，雖調水火要在不撓，撓則魚傷糜爛於鼎；以道蒞天下亦要在不擾，擾則民傷潰亂於國。呂惠卿以烹魚不可煩，烹小鮮尤當全之而不割，以道蒞天下謂之大制亦不割以傷之。蘇轍以烹小鮮者不可撓、治大國者不可煩，煩則人勞、撓則魚爛。吳澄以小鮮為小魚，國大民眾當以簡靜，不可擾動其民，如烹小魚唯恐壞爛。憨山以治大國以安靜無擾為主，行其所無事則民自安居樂業，撓則靡爛而不全。魏源從《韓非子》作「治大國者若烹小鮮」，其引《解老》以法令數更、烹鮮數撓為喻，謂有道之君貴清靜而重變法。王夫之則以動天下之形猶餘其氣，動天下之氣則動無餘，烹小鮮而撓之未嘗傷小鮮而氣已傷。諸家喻意一致：大國不可以煩，煩則傷民，唯簡靜不擾、全之而不割，乃合烹鮮之道。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "烹小魚不去腸鱗、不敢撓，喻治國煩則下亂、治身煩則精散。", "thesisTrad": "烹小魚不去腸鱗、不敢撓，喻治國煩則下亂、治身煩則精散。", "noteIds": [ "c001" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "烹小鱼不去肠鳞、不敢挠，喻治国烦则下乱、治身烦则精散。" }, "wangbi": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "不擾也；躁則多害，靜則全真，故國彌大而主彌靜。", "thesisTrad": "不擾也；躁則多害，靜則全真，故國彌大而主彌靜。", "noteIds": [ "c006" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "不扰也；躁则多害，静则全真，故国弥大而主弥静。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "首舉理國之喻不可有為。", "thesisTrad": "首舉理國之喻不可有為。", "noteIds": [ "c011" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "首举理国之喻不可有为。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "烹小魚不可撓，撓則魚潰；理大國不可煩，煩則人亂。", "thesisTrad": "烹小魚不可撓，撓則魚潰；理大國不可煩，煩則人亂。", "noteIds": [ "c018" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "烹小鱼不可挠，挠则鱼溃；理大国不可烦，烦则人乱。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "治國煩則下亂，修身煩則精散。", "thesisTrad": "治國煩則下亂，修身煩則精散。", "noteIds": [ "c022" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "治国烦则下乱，修身烦则精散。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "治萬乘之國若烹膚寸之鮮，要在不撓；以道蒞天下要在不擾。", "thesisTrad": "治萬乘之國若烹膚寸之鮮，要在不撓；以道蒞天下要在不擾。", "noteIds": [ "c026" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "治万乘之国若烹肤寸之鲜，要在不挠；以道莅天下要在不扰。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "烹小鮮尤當全之而不割，以道蒞天下謂之大制亦不割以傷之。", "thesisTrad": "烹小鮮尤當全之而不割，以道蒞天下謂之大制亦不割以傷之。", "noteIds": [ "c027" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "烹小鲜尤当全之而不割，以道莅天下谓之大制亦不割以伤之。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "烹小鮮不可撓，治大國不可煩；煩則人勞，撓則魚爛。", "thesisTrad": "烹小鮮不可撓，治大國不可煩；煩則人勞，撓則魚爛。", "noteIds": [ "c028" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "烹小鲜不可挠，治大国不可烦；烦则人劳，挠则鱼烂。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "小鮮小魚，國大民眾當以簡靜，不可擾動。", "thesisTrad": "小鮮小魚，國大民眾當以簡靜，不可擾動。", "noteIds": [ "c032" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "小鲜小鱼，国大民众当以简静，不可扰动。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "無為之益、有為之害；安靜無擾，行所無事。", "thesisTrad": "無為之益、有為之害；安靜無擾，行所無事。", "noteIds": [ "c036", "c037" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "无为之益、有为之害；安静无扰，行所无事。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "從《韓非子》作「治大國者」；引《解老》貴清靜而重變法。", "thesisTrad": "從《韓非子》作「治大國者」；引《解老》貴清靜而重變法。", "noteIds": [ "c042", "c044" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "从《韩非子》作「治大国者」；引《解老》贵清静而重变法。" }, "wangfuzhi": { "workType": "衍", "workTypeTrad": "衍", "thesis": "動形猶餘氣，動氣則無餘；烹鮮而撓，氣已傷矣。", "thesisTrad": "動形猶餘氣，動氣則無餘；烹鮮而撓，氣已傷矣。", "noteIds": [ "c045" ], "workTypeSimp": "衍", "thesisSimp": "动形犹余气，动气则无余；烹鲜而挠，气已伤矣。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c001", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公以烹小魚不敢撓立說。", "textTrad": "河上公以烹小魚不敢撓立說。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公以烹小鱼不敢挠立说。" }, { "noteId": "c006", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "王弼以不擾、靜全真申之。", "textTrad": "王弼以不擾、靜全真申之。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "王弼以不扰、静全真申之。" }, { "noteId": "c011", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英標理國之喻不可有為。", "textTrad": "成玄英標理國之喻不可有為。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英标理国之喻不可有为。" }, { "noteId": "c018", "relation": "御疏", "relationTrad": "御疏", "text": "唐玄宗以撓則魚潰、煩則人亂分疏。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗以撓則魚潰、煩則人亂分疏。", "relationSimp": "御疏", "textSimp": "唐玄宗以挠则鱼溃、烦则人乱分疏。" }, { "noteId": "c022", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮以治國修身並言其煩。", "textTrad": "李榮以治國修身並言其煩。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣以治国修身并言其烦。" }, { "noteId": "c026", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "陸希聲以膚寸之鮮、不撓不擾別解。", "textTrad": "陸希聲以膚寸之鮮、不撓不擾別解。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "陆希声以肤寸之鲜、不挠不扰别解。" }, { "noteId": "c027", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "呂惠卿以全之而不割為說。", "textTrad": "呂惠卿以全之而不割為說。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "吕惠卿以全之而不割为说。" }, { "noteId": "c028", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "蘇轍以人勞魚爛申說。", "textTrad": "蘇轍以人勞魚爛申說。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "苏辙以人劳鱼烂申说。" }, { "noteId": "c032", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄以簡靜不擾、唯恐壞爛為說。", "textTrad": "吳澄以簡靜不擾、唯恐壞爛為說。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄以简静不扰、唯恐坏烂为说。" }, { "noteId": "c037", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "憨山以安靜無擾、行所無事轉進。", "textTrad": "憨山以安靜無擾、行所無事轉進。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "憨山以安静无扰、行所无事转进。" }, { "noteId": "c042", "relation": "按語", "relationTrad": "按語", "text": "魏源校記出「治大國者」異文。", "textTrad": "魏源校記出「治大國者」異文。", "relationSimp": "按语", "textSimp": "魏源校记出「治大国者」异文。" }, { "noteId": "c045", "relation": "衍", "relationTrad": "衍", "text": "王夫之以氣已傷總結。", "textTrad": "王夫之以氣已傷總結。", "relationSimp": "衍", "textSimp": "王夫之以气已伤总结。" } ], "nameSimp": "治大国，若烹小鲜", "questionSimp": "治大国何以喻于烹小鲜？", "introSimp": "河上公以烹小鱼不去肠、不去鳞、不敢挠、恐其糜，喻治国烦则下乱、治身烦则精散。王弼以不扰释之，躁则多害、静则全真，故其国弥大而其主弥静，然后乃能广得众心。成玄英以理国之喻不可有为，列为全章三义之首。唐玄宗御疏以烹小鱼不可挠、挠则鱼溃，喻理大国不可烦、烦则人乱，皆须用道。李荣以治国烦则下乱、修身烦则精散发端，与河上公同调。陆希声以治万乘之国若烹肤寸之鲜，虽调水火要在不挠，挠则鱼伤糜烂于鼎；以道莅天下亦要在不扰，扰则民伤溃乱于国。吕惠卿以烹鱼不可烦，烹小鲜尤当全之而不割，以道莅天下谓之大制亦不割以伤之。苏辙以烹小鲜者不可挠、治大国者不可烦，烦则人劳、挠则鱼烂。吴澄以小鲜为小鱼，国大民众当以简静，不可扰动其民，如烹小鱼唯恐坏烂。憨山以治大国以安静无扰为主，行其所无事则民自安居乐业，挠则靡烂而不全。魏源从《韩非子》作「治大国者若烹小鲜」，其引《解老》以法令数更、烹鲜数挠为喻，谓有道之君贵清静而重变法。王夫之则以动天下之形犹余其气，动天下之气则动无余，烹小鲜而挠之未尝伤小鲜而气已伤。诸家喻意一致：大国不可以烦，烦则伤民，唯简静不扰、全之而不割，乃合烹鲜之道。" }, { "id": "yi-dao-li-tian-xia-qi-gui-bu-shen", "name": "以道蒞天下，其鬼不神", "nameTrad": "以道蒞天下，其鬼不神", "question": "以道臨治天下，鬼何以不神？", "questionTrad": "以道臨治天下，鬼何以不神？", "intro": "河上公以道德居位治天下，則鬼不敢見其精神以犯人也。王弼以治大國則若烹小鮮，以道蒞天下則其鬼不神也，語簡而義與全章相貫。成玄英標章義，以第二義明德及鬼神兩無傷害，為下文張本。唐玄宗御注以鬼不見怪傷人釋其神不傷人，御疏則謂覆釋鬼無效靈之義：非謂鬼歇滅而不為神，但妖之將興由人有釁，人恒其德則神不見怪而傷人，並引《春秋》「其氣焰以取之」。李榮以蒞為臨，謂人神處幽為鬼，神者靈效之謂；人有求則神應，今上德之化人自安任，不傍請鬼神，故處幽之鬼無以效其明靈。陸希聲以利物於明者莫如聖、害物於幽者莫如鬼，舉其極睽而求其反合，故先言其鬼不神；又引《易》睽上九見豕負塗、載鬼一車為證。呂惠卿以鬼與人雜擾而見其神則不能不傷人，聖人以道蒞天下使人不淫性、不遷德，无大喜大怒以干陰陽之和，故其鬼不神。蘇轍以聖人無為，使人各安自然、外無所求、內無所畏，則物莫能侵，雖鬼無所用神。吳澄以蒞為臨，鬼為天地之氣神靈怪，民氣和平充塞兩間，天地之氣無或乖戾，故鬼不為靈怪興妖災。憨山以虐政害民乃以鬼神為厲，若以道德君臨天下則和氣致祥，雖有鬼亦不神，不神謂不能為禍福。魏源引《韓非子·解老》，以治世鬼神不與人相害為說。王夫之則以天下有鬼神揉治亂於無形，靜則無、動則有，故唯「蒞之而已」。諸家或就政教言和氣致祥，或就治身言不傍請鬼神，或就氣化言靜則無，大旨以道臨天下則幽明各安其位，鬼無所施其靈。", "introTrad": "河上公以道德居位治天下，則鬼不敢見其精神以犯人也。王弼以治大國則若烹小鮮，以道蒞天下則其鬼不神也，語簡而義與全章相貫。成玄英標章義，以第二義明德及鬼神兩無傷害，為下文張本。唐玄宗御注以鬼不見怪傷人釋其神不傷人，御疏則謂覆釋鬼無效靈之義：非謂鬼歇滅而不為神，但妖之將興由人有釁，人恒其德則神不見怪而傷人，並引《春秋》「其氣焰以取之」。李榮以蒞為臨，謂人神處幽為鬼，神者靈效之謂；人有求則神應，今上德之化人自安任，不傍請鬼神，故處幽之鬼無以效其明靈。陸希聲以利物於明者莫如聖、害物於幽者莫如鬼，舉其極睽而求其反合，故先言其鬼不神；又引《易》睽上九見豕負塗、載鬼一車為證。呂惠卿以鬼與人雜擾而見其神則不能不傷人，聖人以道蒞天下使人不淫性、不遷德，无大喜大怒以干陰陽之和，故其鬼不神。蘇轍以聖人無為，使人各安自然、外無所求、內無所畏，則物莫能侵，雖鬼無所用神。吳澄以蒞為臨，鬼為天地之氣神靈怪，民氣和平充塞兩間，天地之氣無或乖戾，故鬼不為靈怪興妖災。憨山以虐政害民乃以鬼神為厲，若以道德君臨天下則和氣致祥，雖有鬼亦不神，不神謂不能為禍福。魏源引《韓非子·解老》，以治世鬼神不與人相害為說。王夫之則以天下有鬼神揉治亂於無形，靜則無、動則有，故唯「蒞之而已」。諸家或就政教言和氣致祥，或就治身言不傍請鬼神，或就氣化言靜則無，大旨以道臨天下則幽明各安其位，鬼無所施其靈。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "以道德居位治天下，則鬼不敢見其精神以犯人。", "thesisTrad": "以道德居位治天下，則鬼不敢見其精神以犯人。", "noteIds": [ "c002" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "以道德居位治天下，则鬼不敢见其精神以犯人。" }, "wangbi": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "治大國若烹小鮮，以道蒞天下則其鬼不神。", "thesisTrad": "治大國若烹小鮮，以道蒞天下則其鬼不神。", "noteIds": [ "c007" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "治大国若烹小鲜，以道莅天下则其鬼不神。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "第二義明德及鬼神兩無傷害。", "thesisTrad": "第二義明德及鬼神兩無傷害。", "noteIds": [ "c011" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "第二义明德及鬼神两无伤害。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "鬼不見怪傷人；妖由人釁，人恒其德則神不見怪。", "thesisTrad": "鬼不見怪傷人；妖由人釁，人恒其德則神不見怪。", "noteIds": [ "c015", "c019" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "鬼不见怪伤人；妖由人衅，人恒其德则神不见怪。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "蒞為臨；上德之化人不傍請鬼神，故鬼無以效其明靈。", "thesisTrad": "蒞為臨；上德之化人不傍請鬼神，故鬼無以效其明靈。", "noteIds": [ "c022" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "莅为临；上德之化人不傍请鬼神，故鬼无以效其明灵。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "舉極睽而求反合，引《易》睽上九見豕載鬼為證。", "thesisTrad": "舉極睽而求反合，引《易》睽上九見豕載鬼為證。", "noteIds": [ "c026" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "举极睽而求反合，引《易》睽上九见豕载鬼为证。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "聖人以道蒞天下，使人不淫性、不遷德，故其鬼不神。", "thesisTrad": "聖人以道蒞天下，使人不淫性、不遷德，故其鬼不神。", "noteIds": [ "c027" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "圣人以道莅天下，使人不淫性、不迁德，故其鬼不神。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "聖人無為，物莫能侵，雖鬼無所用神。", "thesisTrad": "聖人無為，物莫能侵，雖鬼無所用神。", "noteIds": [ "c029" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "圣人无为，物莫能侵，虽鬼无所用神。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "鬼為天地之氣，民氣和平則鬼不為靈怪興妖災。", "thesisTrad": "鬼為天地之氣，民氣和平則鬼不為靈怪興妖災。", "noteIds": [ "c033" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "鬼为天地之气，民气和平则鬼不为灵怪兴妖灾。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "以道德君臨天下則和氣致祥，雖有鬼亦不神。", "thesisTrad": "以道德君臨天下則和氣致祥，雖有鬼亦不神。", "noteIds": [ "c038" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "以道德君临天下则和气致祥，虽有鬼亦不神。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "引《解老》：治世鬼神不與人相害。", "thesisTrad": "引《解老》：治世鬼神不與人相害。", "noteIds": [ "c043" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "引《解老》：治世鬼神不与人相害。" }, "wangfuzhi": { "workType": "衍", "workTypeTrad": "衍", "thesis": "鬼神揉治亂於無形，靜則無、動則有，唯蒞之而已。", "thesisTrad": "鬼神揉治亂於無形，靜則無、動則有，唯蒞之而已。", "noteIds": [ "c046" ], "workTypeSimp": "衍", "thesisSimp": "鬼神揉治乱于无形，静则无、动则有，唯莅之而已。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c002", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公以鬼不敢見精神犯人立說。", "textTrad": "河上公以鬼不敢見精神犯人立說。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公以鬼不敢见精神犯人立说。" }, { "noteId": "c007", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "王弼以道蒞天下則鬼不神申之。", "textTrad": "王弼以道蒞天下則鬼不神申之。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "王弼以道莅天下则鬼不神申之。" }, { "noteId": "c011", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英標德及鬼神兩無傷害。", "textTrad": "成玄英標德及鬼神兩無傷害。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英标德及鬼神两无伤害。" }, { "noteId": "c015", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "唐玄宗以鬼不見怪傷人立說。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗以鬼不見怪傷人立說。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "唐玄宗以鬼不见怪伤人立说。" }, { "noteId": "c022", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮以不傍請鬼神、鬼無效靈轉進。", "textTrad": "李榮以不傍請鬼神、鬼無效靈轉進。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣以不傍请鬼神、鬼无效灵转进。" }, { "noteId": "c026", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "陸希聲引《易》睽見豕載鬼別解。", "textTrad": "陸希聲引《易》睽見豕載鬼別解。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "陆希声引《易》睽见豕载鬼别解。" }, { "noteId": "c027", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "呂惠卿以不淫性、不遷德為說。", "textTrad": "呂惠卿以不淫性、不遷德為說。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "吕惠卿以不淫性、不迁德为说。" }, { "noteId": "c029", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "蘇轍以物莫能侵、鬼無所用神申說。", "textTrad": "蘇轍以物莫能侵、鬼無所用神申說。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "苏辙以物莫能侵、鬼无所用神申说。" }, { "noteId": "c033", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄以天地之氣、民氣和平為說。", "textTrad": "吳澄以天地之氣、民氣和平為說。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄以天地之气、民气和平为说。" }, { "noteId": "c038", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "憨山以和氣致祥、鬼不為禍福轉深。", "textTrad": "憨山以和氣致祥、鬼不為禍福轉深。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "憨山以和气致祥、鬼不为祸福转深。" }, { "noteId": "c043", "relation": "輯文", "relationTrad": "輯文", "text": "魏源引《解老》以治世鬼神不害人。", "textTrad": "魏源引《解老》以治世鬼神不害人。", "relationSimp": "辑文", "textSimp": "魏源引《解老》以治世鬼神不害人。" }, { "noteId": "c046", "relation": "衍", "relationTrad": "衍", "text": "王夫之以靜則無、動則有總結。", "textTrad": "王夫之以靜則無、動則有總結。", "relationSimp": "衍", "textSimp": "王夫之以静则无、动则有总结。" } ], "nameSimp": "以道莅天下，其鬼不神", "questionSimp": "以道临治天下，鬼何以不神？", "introSimp": "河上公以道德居位治天下，则鬼不敢见其精神以犯人也。王弼以治大国则若烹小鲜，以道莅天下则其鬼不神也，语简而义与全章相贯。成玄英标章义，以第二义明德及鬼神两无伤害，为下文张本。唐玄宗御注以鬼不见怪伤人释其神不伤人，御疏则谓覆释鬼无效灵之义：非谓鬼歇灭而不为神，但妖之将兴由人有衅，人恒其德则神不见怪而伤人，并引《春秋》「其气焰以取之」。李荣以莅为临，谓人神处幽为鬼，神者灵效之谓；人有求则神应，今上德之化人自安任，不傍请鬼神，故处幽之鬼无以效其明灵。陆希声以利物于明者莫如圣、害物于幽者莫如鬼，举其极睽而求其反合，故先言其鬼不神；又引《易》睽上九见豕负涂、载鬼一车为证。吕惠卿以鬼与人杂扰而见其神则不能不伤人，圣人以道莅天下使人不淫性、不迁德，无大喜大怒以干阴阳之和，故其鬼不神。苏辙以圣人无为，使人各安自然、外无所求、内无所畏，则物莫能侵，虽鬼无所用神。吴澄以莅为临，鬼为天地之气神灵怪，民气和平充塞两间，天地之气无或乖戾，故鬼不为灵怪兴妖灾。憨山以虐政害民乃以鬼神为厉，若以道德君临天下则和气致祥，虽有鬼亦不神，不神谓不能为祸福。魏源引《韩非子·解老》，以治世鬼神不与人相害为说。王夫之则以天下有鬼神揉治乱于无形，静则无、动则有，故唯「莅之而已」。诸家或就政教言和气致祥，或就治身言不傍请鬼神，或就气化言静则无，大旨以道临天下则幽明各安其位，鬼无所施其灵。" }, { "id": "fei-qi-gui-bu-shen-shen-bu-shang-ren", "name": "非其鬼不神，其神不傷人；非其神不傷人，聖人亦不傷人", "nameTrad": "非其鬼不神，其神不傷人；非其神不傷人，聖人亦不傷人", "question": "鬼與神何以皆不傷人，聖人又如何不傷人？", "questionTrad": "鬼與神何以皆不傷人，聖人又如何不傷人？", "intro": "河上公以其鬼非無精神，邪不入正，不能傷自然之人；又謂非鬼神不能傷害人，以聖人在位不傷害人，故鬼不敢干之。王弼以神不害自然，物守自然則神無所加，神無所加則不知神之為神；道洽則神不傷人、聖人亦不傷人，不知神聖之為神聖乃道之極。成玄英以神為靈驗，非此鬼無靈驗，但福祐於人不損傷物；傷者鬼以諂曲為義，即擾動邪淫心，以正道治身則諂媚之心不能傷正行；又引張係師、陸先生本作「之」字，謂聖人以道蒞天下制伏邪惡，故鬼不復傷害於人。唐玄宗御注以鬼見神怪則傷人、聖人有為則傷人，今鬼不見神怪乃以聖人無為清靜；御疏以妖由人釁、人恒其德則神不見怪，又以聖人以道臨人、無為不擾、百姓自正，故鬼神不能見怪傷人。李榮以非鬼無精靈，由上用於正道故邪不為害；聖人在上德被幽明，鬼神無害由聖不傷。陸希聲以鬼神感聖德亦不敢傷人，鬼以害物為神，不能害物者由神不傷人、聖人不傷人。呂惠卿以聖人使人不淫性、不遷德，无大喜大怒以干陰陽之和，故聖人亦不傷人；陰陽和靜、鬼神不擾、萬物不傷、群生不夭，則其神不傷人。蘇轍以非鬼不神，亦有神而不傷人，聖人未嘗傷人故鬼無能為。吳澄以鬼雖能靈怪而不為妖災傷害人，由聖人使民氣和平、不傷害天地之氣。憨山以鬼神雖靈爽赫然，但為民之福不為民害；聖人含哺百姓如保赤子，絕無傷民之意，故鬼神協和致福。魏源從《韓非子》作「非其鬼不神也」「非其神不傷人也」，其引《解老》以疾人謂鬼傷人、上刑戮民謂上傷民，民不犯法、上不行刑則上不傷人。王夫之則以殺機一動、龍蛇起陸，神則傷人，可畏哉。諸家層層轉釋，皆明鬼之不神非鬼無靈，實由聖人不傷人，故鬼神無所施其害。", "introTrad": "河上公以其鬼非無精神，邪不入正，不能傷自然之人；又謂非鬼神不能傷害人，以聖人在位不傷害人，故鬼不敢干之。王弼以神不害自然，物守自然則神無所加，神無所加則不知神之為神；道洽則神不傷人、聖人亦不傷人，不知神聖之為神聖乃道之極。成玄英以神為靈驗，非此鬼無靈驗，但福祐於人不損傷物；傷者鬼以諂曲為義，即擾動邪淫心，以正道治身則諂媚之心不能傷正行；又引張係師、陸先生本作「之」字，謂聖人以道蒞天下制伏邪惡，故鬼不復傷害於人。唐玄宗御注以鬼見神怪則傷人、聖人有為則傷人，今鬼不見神怪乃以聖人無為清靜；御疏以妖由人釁、人恒其德則神不見怪，又以聖人以道臨人、無為不擾、百姓自正，故鬼神不能見怪傷人。李榮以非鬼無精靈，由上用於正道故邪不為害；聖人在上德被幽明，鬼神無害由聖不傷。陸希聲以鬼神感聖德亦不敢傷人，鬼以害物為神，不能害物者由神不傷人、聖人不傷人。呂惠卿以聖人使人不淫性、不遷德，无大喜大怒以干陰陽之和，故聖人亦不傷人；陰陽和靜、鬼神不擾、萬物不傷、群生不夭，則其神不傷人。蘇轍以非鬼不神，亦有神而不傷人，聖人未嘗傷人故鬼無能為。吳澄以鬼雖能靈怪而不為妖災傷害人，由聖人使民氣和平、不傷害天地之氣。憨山以鬼神雖靈爽赫然，但為民之福不為民害；聖人含哺百姓如保赤子，絕無傷民之意，故鬼神協和致福。魏源從《韓非子》作「非其鬼不神也」「非其神不傷人也」，其引《解老》以疾人謂鬼傷人、上刑戮民謂上傷民，民不犯法、上不行刑則上不傷人。王夫之則以殺機一動、龍蛇起陸，神則傷人，可畏哉。諸家層層轉釋，皆明鬼之不神非鬼無靈，實由聖人不傷人，故鬼神無所施其害。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "邪不入正，不能傷自然之人；聖人在位不傷害人，故鬼不敢干。", "thesisTrad": "邪不入正，不能傷自然之人；聖人在位不傷害人，故鬼不敢干。", "noteIds": [ "c003", "c004" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "邪不入正，不能伤自然之人；圣人在位不伤害人，故鬼不敢干。" }, "wangbi": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "神不害自然；道洽則神、聖人皆不傷人，不知神聖乃道之極。", "thesisTrad": "神不害自然；道洽則神、聖人皆不傷人，不知神聖乃道之極。", "noteIds": [ "c008", "c009" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "神不害自然；道洽则神、圣人皆不伤人，不知神圣乃道之极。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "神為靈驗，福祐於人不損傷物；聖人以道制伏邪惡，故鬼不復傷害。", "thesisTrad": "神為靈驗，福祐於人不損傷物；聖人以道制伏邪惡，故鬼不復傷害。", "noteIds": [ "c012", "c013" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "神为灵验，福祐于人不损伤物；圣人以道制伏邪恶，故鬼不复伤害。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "鬼不見神怪、聖人無為清靜，故兩不傷人。", "thesisTrad": "鬼不見神怪、聖人無為清靜，故兩不傷人。", "noteIds": [ "c015", "c016", "c019", "c020" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "鬼不见神怪、圣人无为清静，故两不伤人。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "非鬼無精靈，由上用於正道故邪不為害；聖不傷故鬼神無害。", "thesisTrad": "非鬼無精靈，由上用於正道故邪不為害；聖不傷故鬼神無害。", "noteIds": [ "c023", "c024" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "非鬼无精灵，由上用于正道故邪不为害；圣不伤故鬼神无害。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "鬼神感聖德不敢傷人；鬼不能害物由神、聖人不傷人。", "thesisTrad": "鬼神感聖德不敢傷人；鬼不能害物由神、聖人不傷人。", "noteIds": [ "c026" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "鬼神感圣德不敢伤人；鬼不能害物由神、圣人不伤人。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "聖人不淫性、不遷德，故不傷人；陰陽和靜則神不傷人。", "thesisTrad": "聖人不淫性、不遷德，故不傷人；陰陽和靜則神不傷人。", "noteIds": [ "c027" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "圣人不淫性、不迁德，故不伤人；阴阳和静则神不伤人。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "非鬼不神，亦有神而不傷人；聖人未嘗傷人故鬼無能為。", "thesisTrad": "非鬼不神，亦有神而不傷人；聖人未嘗傷人故鬼無能為。", "noteIds": [ "c030" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "非鬼不神，亦有神而不伤人；圣人未尝伤人故鬼无能为。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "鬼雖能靈怪而不為妖災，由聖人使民氣和平。", "thesisTrad": "鬼雖能靈怪而不為妖災，由聖人使民氣和平。", "noteIds": [ "c034" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "鬼虽能灵怪而不为妖灾，由圣人使民气和平。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "鬼神只為民之福；聖人含哺百姓，故鬼神協和致福。", "thesisTrad": "鬼神只為民之福；聖人含哺百姓，故鬼神協和致福。", "noteIds": [ "c039", "c040" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "鬼神只为民之福；圣人含哺百姓，故鬼神协和致福。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "從《韓非子》有「也」字；引《解老》上不行刑則上不傷人。", "thesisTrad": "從《韓非子》有「也」字；引《解老》上不行刑則上不傷人。", "noteIds": [ "c042", "c043" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "从《韩非子》有「也」字；引《解老》上不行刑则上不伤人。" }, "wangfuzhi": { "workType": "衍", "workTypeTrad": "衍", "thesis": "殺機一動，龍蛇起陸；神則傷人，可畏哉。", "thesisTrad": "殺機一動，龍蛇起陸；神則傷人，可畏哉。", "noteIds": [ "c046" ], "workTypeSimp": "衍", "thesisSimp": "杀机一动，龙蛇起陆；神则伤人，可畏哉。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c003", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公以邪不入正、不能傷自然之人立說。", "textTrad": "河上公以邪不入正、不能傷自然之人立說。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公以邪不入正、不能伤自然之人立说。" }, { "noteId": "c008", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "王弼以神不害自然申之。", "textTrad": "王弼以神不害自然申之。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "王弼以神不害自然申之。" }, { "noteId": "c012", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英以靈驗福祐、不損傷物分疏。", "textTrad": "成玄英以靈驗福祐、不損傷物分疏。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英以灵验福祐、不损伤物分疏。" }, { "noteId": "c015", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "唐玄宗以鬼不見怪傷人立說。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗以鬼不見怪傷人立說。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "唐玄宗以鬼不见怪伤人立说。" }, { "noteId": "c023", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮以正道、邪不為害轉進。", "textTrad": "李榮以正道、邪不為害轉進。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣以正道、邪不为害转进。" }, { "noteId": "c026", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "陸希聲以鬼神感聖德、不敢傷人別解。", "textTrad": "陸希聲以鬼神感聖德、不敢傷人別解。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "陆希声以鬼神感圣德、不敢伤人别解。" }, { "noteId": "c027", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "呂惠卿以不淫性、陰陽和靜申說。", "textTrad": "呂惠卿以不淫性、陰陽和靜申說。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "吕惠卿以不淫性、阴阳和静申说。" }, { "noteId": "c030", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "蘇轍以有神而不傷人、鬼無能為申說。", "textTrad": "蘇轍以有神而不傷人、鬼無能為申說。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "苏辙以有神而不伤人、鬼无能为申说。" }, { "noteId": "c034", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄以靈怪不為妖災、民氣和平別解。", "textTrad": "吳澄以靈怪不為妖災、民氣和平別解。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄以灵怪不为妖灾、民气和平别解。" }, { "noteId": "c039", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "憨山以只為民福、不為民害轉深。", "textTrad": "憨山以只為民福、不為民害轉深。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "憨山以只为民福、不为民害转深。" }, { "noteId": "c042", "relation": "按語", "relationTrad": "按語", "text": "魏源校記出「也」字有無。", "textTrad": "魏源校記出「也」字有無。", "relationSimp": "按语", "textSimp": "魏源校记出「也」字有无。" }, { "noteId": "c046", "relation": "衍", "relationTrad": "衍", "text": "王夫之以殺機一動、神則傷人作結。", "textTrad": "王夫之以殺機一動、神則傷人作結。", "relationSimp": "衍", "textSimp": "王夫之以杀机一动、神则伤人作结。" } ], "nameSimp": "非其鬼不神，其神不伤人；非其神不伤人，圣人亦不伤人", "questionSimp": "鬼与神何以皆不伤人，圣人又如何不伤人？", "introSimp": "河上公以其鬼非无精神，邪不入正，不能伤自然之人；又谓非鬼神不能伤害人，以圣人在位不伤害人，故鬼不敢干之。王弼以神不害自然，物守自然则神无所加，神无所加则不知神之为神；道洽则神不伤人、圣人亦不伤人，不知神圣之为神圣乃道之极。成玄英以神为灵验，非此鬼无灵验，但福祐于人不损伤物；伤者鬼以谄曲为义，即扰动邪淫心，以正道治身则谄媚之心不能伤正行；又引张系师、陆先生本作「之」字，谓圣人以道莅天下制伏邪恶，故鬼不复伤害于人。唐玄宗御注以鬼见神怪则伤人、圣人有为则伤人，今鬼不见神怪乃以圣人无为清静；御疏以妖由人衅、人恒其德则神不见怪，又以圣人以道临人、无为不扰、百姓自正，故鬼神不能见怪伤人。李荣以非鬼无精灵，由上用于正道故邪不为害；圣人在上德被幽明，鬼神无害由圣不伤。陆希声以鬼神感圣德亦不敢伤人，鬼以害物为神，不能害物者由神不伤人、圣人不伤人。吕惠卿以圣人使人不淫性、不迁德，无大喜大怒以干阴阳之和，故圣人亦不伤人；阴阳和静、鬼神不扰、万物不伤、群生不夭，则其神不伤人。苏辙以非鬼不神，亦有神而不伤人，圣人未尝伤人故鬼无能为。吴澄以鬼虽能灵怪而不为妖灾伤害人，由圣人使民气和平、不伤害天地之气。憨山以鬼神虽灵爽赫然，但为民之福不为民害；圣人含哺百姓如保赤子，绝无伤民之意，故鬼神协和致福。魏源从《韩非子》作「非其鬼不神也」「非其神不伤人也」，其引《解老》以疾人谓鬼伤人、上刑戮民谓上伤民，民不犯法、上不行刑则上不伤人。王夫之则以杀机一动、龙蛇起陆，神则伤人，可畏哉。诸家层层转释，皆明鬼之不神非鬼无灵，实由圣人不伤人，故鬼神无所施其害。" }, { "id": "liang-bu-xiang-shang-de-jiao-gui", "name": "夫兩不相傷，故德交歸焉", "nameTrad": "夫兩不相傷，故德交歸焉", "question": "鬼與聖人兩不相傷，德何以交歸？", "questionTrad": "鬼與聖人兩不相傷，德何以交歸？", "intro": "河上公以鬼與聖人俱不相傷，故德交歸焉；又謂兩不相傷則人得治於陽、鬼得治於陰，人得全其性命、鬼得保其精神，故德交歸也。王弼以神不傷人、聖人亦不傷人，聖人不傷人、神亦不傷人，故曰兩不相傷；神聖合道，交歸之也。成玄英以兩謂鬼處於陰、人處於陽，幽顯得所、不相損害，各守其分、兩無雙鬩，遂乃人施德於鬼、鬼恩惠於人，恩德往來故交相歸附；治身則攝動歸寂以成己行，從寂起動以應蒼生，內外兩行交歸於己。唐玄宗御注以鬼神傷人則害國虧本、聖人傷人則匱神乏祀，今兩不傷物故德交歸；御疏以兩者謂聖與神，人為國之本亦神之主，今兩不傷害故德交歸，豈唯神聖獨豐、抑亦兆人咸賴。李榮以鬼神、聖人兩者俱能利物、不相傷，聖人慈善、鬼神正直，慈善處顯而光潤、正直在幽以潛資，俱以德澤交歸眾人。陸希聲以人神相依、兩不相傷，則幽明之感皆歸德於聖人，故曰德交歸焉。呂惠卿以神不傷人則神歸德於人，神不傷人而人亦歸德於神，故曰夫兩不相傷、故德交歸焉。蘇轍以人鬼之所以不相傷者由上有聖人，故德交歸之。吳澄以交為皆，天地之氣不傷害人者以聖人不傷害天地之氣，兩者不相傷皆由於聖人之德，故皆歸德於聖人。憨山以兩不相傷故其德交歸，此無為之德福民如此。魏源從《韓非子》作「則德交歸焉」，其引《解老》以上不與民相害、鬼不與人相傷，是兩不相傷，則德盡在於民，故曰德歸焉，言其德幽明上下交盛而俱歸之於民。王夫之則以「載營魄抱一而不離」，與相保於水之未波，豈有以治天下哉，唯蒞之而已。諸家或以德歸於民，或以德歸於聖人，或以幽明交歸，大旨以兩不相傷為德之所由歸，而歸德之樞在聖人之不傷。", "introTrad": "河上公以鬼與聖人俱不相傷，故德交歸焉；又謂兩不相傷則人得治於陽、鬼得治於陰，人得全其性命、鬼得保其精神，故德交歸也。王弼以神不傷人、聖人亦不傷人，聖人不傷人、神亦不傷人，故曰兩不相傷；神聖合道，交歸之也。成玄英以兩謂鬼處於陰、人處於陽，幽顯得所、不相損害，各守其分、兩無雙鬩，遂乃人施德於鬼、鬼恩惠於人，恩德往來故交相歸附；治身則攝動歸寂以成己行，從寂起動以應蒼生，內外兩行交歸於己。唐玄宗御注以鬼神傷人則害國虧本、聖人傷人則匱神乏祀，今兩不傷物故德交歸；御疏以兩者謂聖與神，人為國之本亦神之主，今兩不傷害故德交歸，豈唯神聖獨豐、抑亦兆人咸賴。李榮以鬼神、聖人兩者俱能利物、不相傷，聖人慈善、鬼神正直，慈善處顯而光潤、正直在幽以潛資，俱以德澤交歸眾人。陸希聲以人神相依、兩不相傷，則幽明之感皆歸德於聖人，故曰德交歸焉。呂惠卿以神不傷人則神歸德於人，神不傷人而人亦歸德於神，故曰夫兩不相傷、故德交歸焉。蘇轍以人鬼之所以不相傷者由上有聖人，故德交歸之。吳澄以交為皆，天地之氣不傷害人者以聖人不傷害天地之氣，兩者不相傷皆由於聖人之德，故皆歸德於聖人。憨山以兩不相傷故其德交歸，此無為之德福民如此。魏源從《韓非子》作「則德交歸焉」，其引《解老》以上不與民相害、鬼不與人相傷，是兩不相傷，則德盡在於民，故曰德歸焉，言其德幽明上下交盛而俱歸之於民。王夫之則以「載營魄抱一而不離」，與相保於水之未波，豈有以治天下哉，唯蒞之而已。諸家或以德歸於民，或以德歸於聖人，或以幽明交歸，大旨以兩不相傷為德之所由歸，而歸德之樞在聖人之不傷。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "鬼與聖人俱不相傷；人治於陽、鬼治於陰，故德交歸。", "thesisTrad": "鬼與聖人俱不相傷；人治於陽、鬼治於陰，故德交歸。", "noteIds": [ "c005" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "鬼与圣人俱不相伤；人治于阳、鬼治于阴，故德交归。" }, "wangbi": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "神、聖人互不相傷，神聖合道，交歸之。", "thesisTrad": "神、聖人互不相傷，神聖合道，交歸之。", "noteIds": [ "c010" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "神、圣人互不相伤，神圣合道，交归之。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "幽顯得所、恩德往來，內外兩行交歸於己。", "thesisTrad": "幽顯得所、恩德往來，內外兩行交歸於己。", "noteIds": [ "c014" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "幽显得所、恩德往来，内外两行交归于己。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "兩不傷物故德交歸；豈唯神聖獨豐，抑亦兆人咸賴。", "thesisTrad": "兩不傷物故德交歸；豈唯神聖獨豐，抑亦兆人咸賴。", "noteIds": [ "c017", "c021" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "两不伤物故德交归；岂唯神圣独丰，抑亦兆人咸赖。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "聖人慈善、鬼神正直，俱以德澤交歸眾人。", "thesisTrad": "聖人慈善、鬼神正直，俱以德澤交歸眾人。", "noteIds": [ "c025" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "圣人慈善、鬼神正直，俱以德泽交归众人。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "人神相依、兩不相傷，幽明之感皆歸德於聖人。", "thesisTrad": "人神相依、兩不相傷，幽明之感皆歸德於聖人。", "noteIds": [ "c026" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "人神相依、两不相伤，幽明之感皆归德于圣人。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "神歸德於人，人亦歸德於神。", "thesisTrad": "神歸德於人，人亦歸德於神。", "noteIds": [ "c027" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "神归德于人，人亦归德于神。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "人鬼不相傷由上有聖人，故德交歸之。", "thesisTrad": "人鬼不相傷由上有聖人，故德交歸之。", "noteIds": [ "c031" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "人鬼不相伤由上有圣人，故德交归之。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "交皆也；兩者不相傷皆由於聖人之德，故皆歸德於聖人。", "thesisTrad": "交皆也；兩者不相傷皆由於聖人之德，故皆歸德於聖人。", "noteIds": [ "c035" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "交皆也；两者不相伤皆由于圣人之德，故皆归德于圣人。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "兩不相傷故其德交歸，此無為之德福民如此。", "thesisTrad": "兩不相傷故其德交歸，此無為之德福民如此。", "noteIds": [ "c041" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "两不相伤故其德交归，此无为之德福民如此。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "從《韓非子》作「則德交歸」；德盡在於民，幽明上下交盛。", "thesisTrad": "從《韓非子》作「則德交歸」；德盡在於民，幽明上下交盛。", "noteIds": [ "c042", "c043" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "从《韩非子》作「则德交归」；德尽在于民，幽明上下交盛。" }, "wangfuzhi": { "workType": "衍", "workTypeTrad": "衍", "thesis": "載營魄抱一而不離，與相保於水之未波，唯蒞之而已。", "thesisTrad": "載營魄抱一而不離，與相保於水之未波，唯蒞之而已。", "noteIds": [ "c046" ], "workTypeSimp": "衍", "thesisSimp": "载营魄抱一而不离，与相保于水之未波，唯莅之而已。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c005", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公以鬼聖俱不相傷、德交歸立說。", "textTrad": "河上公以鬼聖俱不相傷、德交歸立說。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公以鬼圣俱不相伤、德交归立说。" }, { "noteId": "c010", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "王弼以神聖合道、交歸之申之。", "textTrad": "王弼以神聖合道、交歸之申之。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "王弼以神圣合道、交归之申之。" }, { "noteId": "c014", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英以幽顯得所、恩德往來分疏。", "textTrad": "成玄英以幽顯得所、恩德往來分疏。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英以幽显得所、恩德往来分疏。" }, { "noteId": "c017", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "唐玄宗以兩不傷物故德交歸立說。", "textTrad": "唐玄宗以兩不傷物故德交歸立說。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "唐玄宗以两不伤物故德交归立说。" }, { "noteId": "c025", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮以慈善正直、德澤交歸轉進。", "textTrad": "李榮以慈善正直、德澤交歸轉進。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣以慈善正直、德泽交归转进。" }, { "noteId": "c026", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "陸希聲以人神相依、歸德聖人別解。", "textTrad": "陸希聲以人神相依、歸德聖人別解。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "陆希声以人神相依、归德圣人别解。" }, { "noteId": "c027", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "呂惠卿以神人互歸其德為說。", "textTrad": "呂惠卿以神人互歸其德為說。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "吕惠卿以神人互归其德为说。" }, { "noteId": "c031", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "蘇轍以由上有聖人故德交歸。", "textTrad": "蘇轍以由上有聖人故德交歸。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "苏辙以由上有圣人故德交归。" }, { "noteId": "c035", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄以交皆也、皆歸德於聖人申說。", "textTrad": "吳澄以交皆也、皆歸德於聖人申說。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄以交皆也、皆归德于圣人申说。" }, { "noteId": "c041", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "憨山以無為之德福民如此轉深。", "textTrad": "憨山以無為之德福民如此轉深。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "憨山以无为之德福民如此转深。" }, { "noteId": "c043", "relation": "輯文", "relationTrad": "輯文", "text": "魏源引《解老》德盡在民、上下交盛。", "textTrad": "魏源引《解老》德盡在民、上下交盛。", "relationSimp": "辑文", "textSimp": "魏源引《解老》德尽在民、上下交盛。" }, { "noteId": "c046", "relation": "衍", "relationTrad": "衍", "text": "王夫之以相保於水之未波作結。", "textTrad": "王夫之以相保於水之未波作結。", "relationSimp": "衍", "textSimp": "王夫之以相保于水之未波作结。" } ], "nameSimp": "夫两不相伤，故德交归焉", "questionSimp": "鬼与圣人两不相伤，德何以交归？", "introSimp": "河上公以鬼与圣人俱不相伤，故德交归焉；又谓两不相伤则人得治于阳、鬼得治于阴，人得全其性命、鬼得保其精神，故德交归也。王弼以神不伤人、圣人亦不伤人，圣人不伤人、神亦不伤人，故曰两不相伤；神圣合道，交归之也。成玄英以两谓鬼处于阴、人处于阳，幽显得所、不相损害，各守其分、两无双阋，遂乃人施德于鬼、鬼恩惠于人，恩德往来故交相归附；治身则摄动归寂以成己行，从寂起动以应苍生，内外两行交归于己。唐玄宗御注以鬼神伤人则害国亏本、圣人伤人则匮神乏祀，今两不伤物故德交归；御疏以两者谓圣与神，人为国之本亦神之主，今两不伤害故德交归，岂唯神圣独丰、抑亦兆人咸赖。李荣以鬼神、圣人两者俱能利物、不相伤，圣人慈善、鬼神正直，慈善处显而光润、正直在幽以潜资，俱以德泽交归众人。陆希声以人神相依、两不相伤，则幽明之感皆归德于圣人，故曰德交归焉。吕惠卿以神不伤人则神归德于人，神不伤人而人亦归德于神，故曰夫两不相伤、故德交归焉。苏辙以人鬼之所以不相伤者由上有圣人，故德交归之。吴澄以交为皆，天地之气不伤害人者以圣人不伤害天地之气，两者不相伤皆由于圣人之德，故皆归德于圣人。憨山以两不相伤故其德交归，此无为之德福民如此。魏源从《韩非子》作「则德交归焉」，其引《解老》以上不与民相害、鬼不与人相伤，是两不相伤，则德尽在于民，故曰德归焉，言其德幽明上下交盛而俱归之于民。王夫之则以「载营魄抱一而不离」，与相保于水之未波，岂有以治天下哉，唯莅之而已。诸家或以德归于民，或以德归于圣人，或以幽明交归，大旨以两不相伤为德之所由归，而归德之枢在圣人之不伤。" } ], "requiredSources": [ "heshanggong", "tangxuanzong" ] }, "schema": "librebook.chapter/1", "generatedAt": "2026-10-30T11:41:46.926Z", "keyPrefix": "laozi-60", "idRules": { "chapter": "章节目录名（slug），如 01；URL 为 /laozi/01/。", "sentence": "章内局部编号 sNNN，全篇引用使用 laozi-01:sNNN；页面锚点继续使用 #sNNN。", "commentary": "章内注号 cNNN，字词注 nNNN，校记 kNNN；编号在章内稳定，跨章引用时加章节前缀。", "paragraph": "章内段落号 pNNN，与 sentence.paragraph 对应。" }, "book": { "id": "laozi", "slug": "laozi", "title": "老子", "titleSimp": "老子", "author": "老聃", "authorSimp": "老聃", "era": "春秋", "eraSimp": "春秋", "editor": "河上公、王弼等", "editorSimp": "河上公、王弼等", "edition": "王弼《老子注》", "editionSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "baseLabel": "王弼《老子注》", "baseLabelSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "separationLabel": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英義疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、嚴遵指歸、李榮注、陸希聲傳、呂惠卿傳、蘇轍老子解、吳澄道德真經注、憨山道德經解、魏源老子本義、俞樾平議、王夫之老子衍十四家", "separationLabelSimp": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英义疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、严遵指归、李荣注、陆希声传、吕惠卿传、苏辙老子解、吴澄道德真经注、憨山道德经解、魏源老子本义、俞樾平议、王夫之老子衍十四家", "intro": "《老子》八十一章，分道經、德經。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》為底本，逐章整理正文、舊注、今譯與校記；第一至八十一章已上線，全帙完竣。", "introSimp": "《老子》八十一章，分道经、德经。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》为底本，逐章整理正文、旧注、今译与校记；第一至八十一章已上线，全帙完竣。" }, "volume": { "id": "dejing", "order": 2, "title": "德經", "titleSimp": "德经" }, "chapter": { "id": "laozi-60", "slug": "60", "order": 60, "title": "第六十章", "titleSimp": "第六十章", "status": "published", "revision": "初校", "review": "待复核", "updated": "2026-10-30", "summary": "第六十章〈治大國章〉全章五句：首句言治大國若烹小鮮；第二句言以道蒞天下其鬼不神；第三句言非其鬼不神、其神不傷人；第四句言非其神不傷人、聖人亦不傷人；第五句言夫兩不相傷故德交歸焉。河上公以烹小魚不去腸鱗、不敢撓，喻治國煩則下亂、治身煩則精散，以道德居位則鬼不敢見精神犯人，聖人在位不傷害人故鬼不敢干，末以人得治於陽、鬼得治於陰釋德交歸；王弼以不擾釋烹小鮮，躁則多害、靜則全真，故國彌大而主彌靜，神不害自然、物守自然則神無所加，道洽則神不傷人、聖人亦不傷人，末以神聖合道、交歸之釋之；成玄英分章為三：初舉理國之喻不可有為、次明德及鬼神兩無傷害、末結歎交歸之德以勸有國之君，以神為靈驗，福祐於人不損傷物，引張係師、陸先生本「之」字，末以幽顯得所、恩德往來為說；唐玄宗御注御疏以烹小魚不可撓、撓則魚潰喻理大國不可煩，御注以鬼不見怪傷人釋其神不傷人，御疏以妖由人釁、人恒其德則神不見怪申之，末以鬼神傷人則害國虧本、兩不傷物故德交歸；李榮以治國煩則下亂、修身煩則精散發端，以蒞為臨，上德之化人自安任、不傍請鬼神，故處幽之鬼無以效其明靈，末以慈善處顯、正直在幽、俱以德澤交歸眾人；陸希聲以治萬乘之國若烹膚寸之鮮要在不撓，以道蒞天下亦要在不擾，引《易》睽上九見豕載鬼之喻，末以人神相依、幽明之感皆歸德於聖人；呂惠卿以得有國之母以治國雖大无難，烹小鮮尤當全之而不割，聖人以道蒞天下使人不淫性、不遷德，陰陽和靜、鬼神不擾則其神不傷人，末以神歸德於人、人亦歸德於神；蘇轍以烹小鮮不可撓、治大國不可煩，聖人無為使人各安自然則物莫能侵、鬼無所用神，末以人鬼不相傷由上有聖人故德交歸之；吳澄以小鮮為小魚，國大民眾當以簡靜，鬼為天地之氣神靈怪，民氣和平充塞兩間故鬼不為靈怪，末以交為皆、天地之氣與聖人兩不相傷故皆歸德於聖人；憨山以此言無為之益、福利於民，治大國以安靜無擾為主，以道德君臨天下則和氣致祥，雖有鬼亦不神，聖人含哺百姓如保赤子，末以兩不相傷、其德交歸；魏源此章為其第五十二章，正文從《韓非子》，校記出「者」「也」「民」「則」諸異文，並引《韓非子·解老》與王弼注，韓非以法令數更、烹鮮數撓為喻；王夫之標「六十章」，以動天下之形猶餘其氣、動天下之氣則動無餘，殺機一動則龍蛇起陸而生德戕，靜則無、動則有，故唯「蒞之而已」。河上公五注、王弼五注、成玄英四注、唐玄宗御注御疏七注、李榮四注、陸希聲一段、呂惠卿一段、蘇轍四注、吳澄四注、憨山一段（本站分六條）、魏源三條、王夫之二段；嚴遵《指歸》此章無輯文、俞樾此章未列，故十二家。河上公題「居位第六十」，《玄德纂疏》、呂惠卿、蘇轍題「治大國章第六十」，王弼本無章題；吳澄此章為其第五十一章，魏源此章為其第五十二章，王夫之標「六十章」。王弼本作「治大國若烹小鮮」「以道蒞天下」「聖人亦不傷人」「故德交歸焉」，魏源從《韓非子》作「治大國者」「以道蒞天下者」「非其鬼不神也」「非其神不傷人也」「聖人亦不傷民」「則德交歸焉」，陸希聲、吳澄作「以道莅天下者」，吳澄作「聖人亦不傷之」，呂惠卿作「其神不傷民」「聖人亦不傷民」，憨山作「故其德交歸焉」。並見校記。", "summarySimp": "第六十章〈治大国章〉全章五句：首句言治大国若烹小鲜；第二句言以道莅天下其鬼不神；第三句言非其鬼不神、其神不伤人；第四句言非其神不伤人、圣人亦不伤人；第五句言夫两不相伤故德交归焉。河上公以烹小鱼不去肠鳞、不敢挠，喻治国烦则下乱、治身烦则精散，以道德居位则鬼不敢见精神犯人，圣人在位不伤害人故鬼不敢干，末以人得治于阳、鬼得治于阴释德交归；王弼以不扰释烹小鲜，躁则多害、静则全真，故国弥大而主弥静，神不害自然、物守自然则神无所加，道洽则神不伤人、圣人亦不伤人，末以神圣合道、交归之释之；成玄英分章为三：初举理国之喻不可有为、次明德及鬼神两无伤害、末结叹交归之德以劝有国之君，以神为灵验，福祐于人不损伤物，引张系师、陆先生本「之」字，末以幽显得所、恩德往来为说；唐玄宗御注御疏以烹小鱼不可挠、挠则鱼溃喻理大国不可烦，御注以鬼不见怪伤人释其神不伤人，御疏以妖由人衅、人恒其德则神不见怪申之，末以鬼神伤人则害国亏本、两不伤物故德交归；李荣以治国烦则下乱、修身烦则精散发端，以莅为临，上德之化人自安任、不傍请鬼神，故处幽之鬼无以效其明灵，末以慈善处显、正直在幽、俱以德泽交归众人；陆希声以治万乘之国若烹肤寸之鲜要在不挠，以道莅天下亦要在不扰，引《易》睽上九见豕载鬼之喻，末以人神相依、幽明之感皆归德于圣人；吕惠卿以得有国之母以治国虽大无难，烹小鲜尤当全之而不割，圣人以道莅天下使人不淫性、不迁德，阴阳和静、鬼神不扰则其神不伤人，末以神归德于人、人亦归德于神；苏辙以烹小鲜不可挠、治大国不可烦，圣人无为使人各安自然则物莫能侵、鬼无所用神，末以人鬼不相伤由上有圣人故德交归之；吴澄以小鲜为小鱼，国大民众当以简静，鬼为天地之气神灵怪，民气和平充塞两间故鬼不为灵怪，末以交为皆、天地之气与圣人两不相伤故皆归德于圣人；憨山以此言无为之益、福利于民，治大国以安静无扰为主，以道德君临天下则和气致祥，虽有鬼亦不神，圣人含哺百姓如保赤子，末以两不相伤、其德交归；魏源此章为其第五十二章，正文从《韩非子》，校记出「者」「也」「民」「则」诸异文，并引《韩非子·解老》与王弼注，韩非以法令数更、烹鲜数挠为喻；王夫之标「六十章」，以动天下之形犹余其气、动天下之气则动无余，杀机一动则龙蛇起陆而生德戕，静则无、动则有，故唯「莅之而已」。河上公五注、王弼五注、成玄英四注、唐玄宗御注御疏七注、李荣四注、陆希声一段、吕惠卿一段、苏辙四注、吴澄四注、憨山一段（本站分六条）、魏源三条、王夫之二段；严遵《指归》此章无辑文、俞樾此章未列，故十二家。河上公题「居位第六十」，《玄德纂疏》、吕惠卿、苏辙题「治大国章第六十」，王弼本无章题；吴澄此章为其第五十一章，魏源此章为其第五十二章，王夫之标「六十章」。王弼本作「治大国若烹小鲜」「以道莅天下」「圣人亦不伤人」「故德交归焉」，魏源从《韩非子》作「治大国者」「以道莅天下者」「非其鬼不神也」「非其神不伤人也」「圣人亦不伤民」「则德交归焉」，陆希声、吴澄作「以道莅天下者」，吴澄作「圣人亦不伤之」，吕惠卿作「其神不伤民」「圣人亦不伤民」，憨山作「故其德交归焉」。并见校记。", 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