{ "meta": { "book": { "id": "laozi", "title": "老子", "titleSimp": "老子", "author": "老聃", "authorSimp": "老聃", "era": "春秋", "eraSimp": "春秋", "editor": "河上公、王弼等", "editorSimp": "河上公、王弼等", "edition": "王弼《老子注》", "editionSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "slug": "laozi", "baseLabel": "王弼《老子注》", "baseLabelSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "separationLabel": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英義疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、嚴遵指歸、李榮注、陸希聲傳、呂惠卿傳、蘇轍老子解、吳澄道德真經注、憨山道德經解、魏源老子本義、俞樾平議、王夫之老子衍十四家", "separationLabelSimp": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英义疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、严遵指归、李荣注、陆希声传、吕惠卿传、苏辙老子解、吴澄道德真经注、憨山道德经解、魏源老子本义、俞樾平议、王夫之老子衍十四家", "intro": "《老子》八十一章，分道經、德經。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》為底本，逐章整理正文、舊注、今譯與校記；第一至八十一章已上線，全帙完竣。", "introSimp": "《老子》八十一章，分道经、德经。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》为底本，逐章整理正文、旧注、今译与校记；第一至八十一章已上线，全帙完竣。" }, "chapter": { "id": "laozi-66", "no": 66, "part": "德經", "partSimp": "德经", "title": "第六十六章", "titleSimp": "第六十六章", "intro": "《老子》第六十六章，河上公題「後己第六十六」（四部叢刊本作「後巳」）；《玄德纂疏》、呂惠卿、蘇轍題「江海為百谷王章第六十六」，王弼本無章題；吳澄以此章為其第五十六章；魏源合此章與《天下皆謂》章前三句為其第五十七章；王夫之標「六十六章」。王弼道藏本正文五句：江海所以能為百谷王者，以其善下之，故能為百谷王；是以聖人欲上民，必以言下之，欲先民，必以身後之；是以聖人處上而民不重，處前而民不害；是以天下樂推而不厭；以其不爭，故天下莫能與之爭。王弼此章注闕，道藏本經文後直接第六十七章，故本站不列王弼注；嚴遵《指歸》此章亦無輯文。全章以江海善下為喻：江海卑下，故百川歸往而為百谷王；聖人法之，欲居人上則以言謙下，欲居人前則退身居後；故處上而民不以為重，處前而民不以為害；天下樂推而不厭；終以不爭，故天下莫能與之爭。河上公逐句為注，以江海卑下故眾流歸之若民歸就王，以聖人在民上為主不以尊貴虐下、在民前不以光明蔽後，以恩深愛厚視民如赤子釋樂推，以不與人爭先後、人皆有為無能與吾爭無為釋末句。成玄英標章義，分全章為三：舉譬以表虛忘、法說用彰謙退、結嘆柔弱之能；以王為往、百谷猶百川，江海善居窪下，人能退身謙下虛柔容物則為蒼生所歸；以上人為欲令眾生居己之上而言說柔和恒自謙下，以先人為欲令眾生在己身先度而退身居物之後，守退翻進；以輕徭薄賦、恩覃萬物釋不重，以民歌擊壤、宇內清夷釋不害；以謙和不與物爭、違順平等是非永息釋末句。唐玄宗御注以江海善能卑下故百川朝宗，謙為德柄、尊用彌光，言謙下之則百姓欣戴、身退後之則百姓子來；御疏引《易》「地道變盈而流謙」，以知滿必招損、言則謙柔名則孤寡，不欲先人而撝謙後己，勞身逸人、薄己厚物，弘濟無私、與物為春申之。李榮以海處卑下為百谷王，明聖人謙虛為萬國之主；謙居物下有德故推之為上，退身度人懷道故尊之在先；無德者物所同厭，有道者人皆樂推。陸希聲引《易》天道虧盈而益謙四句，謂謙之為德卑以自牧，江海以謙為德而為百谷所歸往，聖人以謙為德故為天下所先上；又引《書》「汝唯不爭，故天下莫與汝爭能」。呂惠卿以能為天下王者亦善下之而已，玄德即下下之道，引莊周玄聖素王、舜玄德升聞為證；以孤寡不穀、受國之垢與不祥為言下之，以迫而後動、感而後應、不得已而後起為身後之；不重則戴之為輕，不害則從之為利。蘇轍謂聖人非欲上人非欲先人，蓋下之後之，其道不得不上且先耳。吳澄以百谷之水同歸江海如天下之人同歸一王，言下之則卑屈其言，身後之則退卻其身，此謙讓盛德非有心於上人先人；重為難、害為患；天下樂於推戴，以其卑抑退遜不爭，引董氏、揚雄語為證。憨山以無我之德釋之，百川不拘淨穢總歸江海，江海能容以其善下；言者心之聲，虛心應物故出言必謙下如孤寡不穀；身者心之表，忘己與人故不以一己之養害天下；有天下而不與，故民自堪命、自遂生；無我之至乃不爭之德，爭非爭鬥謂心不馳競於物，引莊子「兼忘天下易，使天下忘己難」。魏源以惟下乃大為老氏宗旨，天下歸往之謂王、百川歸會之謂海，能成其大由其能下而無不容，引《書》「汝惟不矜」、金人銘、揚雄、董思靖、蘇轍諸說。王夫之以未易下尤未易善下立說，謂將抑之而激之必亢、將浚之而祗以不平，獨立為物所歸則積厚，積厚無所輸則欲抑浚而不能；江則有海，海則有尾閭；聖人有善過而不留，受天下之歸而自不饜；返息於踵，返踵於天，照之以自然，推移宿氣，乃入寥天一。俞樾《諸子平議》此章未列。本站以王弼《老子注》道藏本為底本，分列河上公章句、成玄英義疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、李榮注、陸希聲傳、呂惠卿傳、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》與王夫之《老子衍》，並附編者今譯。", "introSimp": "《老子》第六十六章，河上公题「后己第六十六」（四部丛刊本作「后巳」）；《玄德纂疏》、吕惠卿、苏辙题「江海为百谷王章第六十六」，王弼本无章题；吴澄以此章为其第五十六章；魏源合此章与《天下皆谓》章前三句为其第五十七章；王夫之标「六十六章」。王弼道藏本正文五句：江海所以能为百谷王者，以其善下之，故能为百谷王；是以圣人欲上民，必以言下之，欲先民，必以身后之；是以圣人处上而民不重，处前而民不害；是以天下乐推而不厌；以其不争，故天下莫能与之争。王弼此章注阙，道藏本经文后直接第六十七章，故本站不列王弼注；严遵《指归》此章亦无辑文。全章以江海善下为喻：江海卑下，故百川归往而为百谷王；圣人法之，欲居人上则以言谦下，欲居人前则退身居后；故处上而民不以为重，处前而民不以为害；天下乐推而不厌；终以不争，故天下莫能与之争。河上公逐句为注，以江海卑下故众流归之若民归就王，以圣人在民上为主不以尊贵虐下、在民前不以光明蔽后，以恩深爱厚视民如赤子释乐推，以不与人争先后、人皆有为无能与吾争无为释末句。成玄英标章义，分全章为三：举譬以表虚忘、法说用彰谦退、结叹柔弱之能；以王为往、百谷犹百川，江海善居洼下，人能退身谦下虚柔容物则为苍生所归；以上人为欲令众生居己之上而言说柔和恒自谦下，以先人为欲令众生在己身先度而退身居物之后，守退翻进；以轻徭薄赋、恩覃万物释不重，以民歌击壤、宇内清夷释不害；以谦和不与物争、违顺平等是非永息释末句。唐玄宗御注以江海善能卑下故百川朝宗，谦为德柄、尊用弥光，言谦下之则百姓欣戴、身退后之则百姓子来；御疏引《易》「地道变盈而流谦」，以知满必招损、言则谦柔名则孤寡，不欲先人而㧑谦后己，劳身逸人、薄己厚物，弘济无私、与物为春申之。李荣以海处卑下为百谷王，明圣人谦虚为万国之主；谦居物下有德故推之为上，退身度人怀道故尊之在先；无德者物所同厌，有道者人皆乐推。陆希声引《易》天道亏盈而益谦四句，谓谦之为德卑以自牧，江海以谦为德而为百谷所归往，圣人以谦为德故为天下所先上；又引《书》「汝唯不争，故天下莫与汝争能」。吕惠卿以能为天下王者亦善下之而已，玄德即下下之道，引庄周玄圣素王、舜玄德升闻为证；以孤寡不谷、受国之垢与不祥为言下之，以迫而后动、感而后应、不得已而后起为身后之；不重则戴之为轻，不害则从之为利。苏辙谓圣人非欲上人非欲先人，盖下之后之，其道不得不上且先耳。吴澄以百谷之水同归江海如天下之人同归一王，言下之则卑屈其言，身后之则退却其身，此谦让盛德非有心于上人先人；重为难、害为患；天下乐于推戴，以其卑抑退逊不争，引董氏、扬雄语为证。憨山以无我之德释之，百川不拘净秽总归江海，江海能容以其善下；言者心之声，虚心应物故出言必谦下如孤寡不谷；身者心之表，忘己与人故不以一己之养害天下；有天下而不与，故民自堪命、自遂生；无我之至乃不争之德，争非争斗谓心不驰竞于物，引庄子「兼忘天下易，使天下忘己难」。魏源以惟下乃大为老氏宗旨，天下归往之谓王、百川归会之谓海，能成其大由其能下而无不容，引《书》「汝惟不矜」、金人铭、扬雄、董思靖、苏辙诸说。王夫之以未易下尤未易善下立说，谓将抑之而激之必亢、将浚之而祗以不平，独立为物所归则积厚，积厚无所输则欲抑浚而不能；江则有海，海则有尾闾；圣人有善过而不留，受天下之归而自不餍；返息于踵，返踵于天，照之以自然，推移宿气，乃入寥天一。俞樾《诸子平议》此章未列。本站以王弼《老子注》道藏本为底本，分列河上公章句、成玄英义疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、李荣注、陆希声传、吕惠卿传、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》与王夫之《老子衍》，并附编者今译。", "guide": "點擊任一句可展開句注；點擊字詞可看本句訓釋；按「諸家並觀」可將同一句的舊注並列對讀，本章十一家舊注。河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮逐句或分段分疏；陸希聲一段、呂惠卿一段、蘇轍一條、吳澄四條、憨山一段（本站分三條）、魏源一段、王夫之二條。王弼此章注闕，嚴遵此章無輯文，俞樾未列。河上公題「後己」；《玄德纂疏》、呂惠卿、蘇轍題「江海為百谷王章」；吳澄以此章為其第五十六章；魏源合此章與《天下皆謂》章前三句為其第五十七章；王夫之標「六十六章」。諸本異文：王弼、河上公、憨山、魏源、王夫之作「上民」「必以言下之」「必以身」「民不重」「民不害」；成玄英、唐玄宗、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄作「上人」「以其言下之」「以其身」「人不重」「人不害」；李榮作「上民」「以其言」「人不重」而「民不害」；魏源本無「是以」下「聖人」二字；吳澄「以其善下之也」多「也」字；李榮注引經「以其無爭」；魏源校記出傅奕「處之上」「處之前」、河上「處民上」「處民前」及他本四「民」字並作「人」等異文。", "guideSimp": "点击任一句可展开句注；点击字词可看本句训释；按「诸家并观」可将同一句的旧注并列对读，本章十一家旧注。河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李荣逐句或分段分疏；陆希声一段、吕惠卿一段、苏辙一条、吴澄四条、憨山一段（本站分三条）、魏源一段、王夫之二条。王弼此章注阙，严遵此章无辑文，俞樾未列。河上公题「后己」；《玄德纂疏》、吕惠卿、苏辙题「江海为百谷王章」；吴澄以此章为其第五十六章；魏源合此章与《天下皆谓》章前三句为其第五十七章；王夫之标「六十六章」。诸本异文：王弼、河上公、憨山、魏源、王夫之作「上民」「必以言下之」「必以身」「民不重」「民不害」；成玄英、唐玄宗、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄作「上人」「以其言下之」「以其身」「人不重」「人不害」；李荣作「上民」「以其言」「人不重」而「民不害」；魏源本无「是以」下「圣人」二字；吴澄「以其善下之也」多「也」字；李荣注引经「以其无争」；魏源校记出傅奕「处之上」「处之前」、河上「处民上」「处民前」及他本四「民」字并作「人」等异文。", "slug": "66", "order": 66, "status": "published", "revision": "初校", "review": "待复核", "updated": "2026-10-30", "summary": "第六十六章〈江海為百谷王章〉五句：江海所以能為百谷王者，以其善下之，故能為百谷王；是以聖人欲上民，必以言下之，欲先民，必以身後之；是以聖人處上而民不重，處前而民不害；是以天下樂推而不厭；以其不爭，故天下莫能與之爭。王弼此章注闕，道藏本經文後直接第六十七章；嚴遵《指歸》此章亦無輯文。全章以江海善下為喻：江海卑下，故百川歸往而為百谷王；聖人法之，欲居人上則以言謙下，欲居人前則退身居後；故處上而民不以為重，處前而民不以為害；天下樂推而不厭；終以不爭，故天下莫能與之爭。河上公逐句為注，以江海卑下故眾流歸之若民歸就王釋善下；以聖人在民上為主不以尊貴虐下、在民前不以光明蔽後釋不重不害；以恩深愛厚視民如赤子釋樂推不厭；以不與人爭先後、人皆有為無能與吾爭無為釋末句，注十一條。成玄英標章義，分全章為三：舉譬以表虛忘、法說用彰謙退、結嘆柔弱之能；以王為往、百谷猶百川，江海善居窪下，人能退身謙下虛柔容物則為蒼生所歸；以上人為欲令眾生居己之上而言說柔和恒自謙下，以先人為欲令眾生在己身先度而退身居物之後，守退翻進；以輕徭薄賦、恩覃萬物釋不重，以民歌擊壤、宇內清夷釋不害；以謙和不與物爭、違順平等是非永息釋末句；章義一則、疏五條。唐玄宗御注以江海善能卑下故百川朝宗，謙為德柄、尊用彌光，言謙下之則百姓欣戴、身退後之則百姓子來；御疏引《易》「地道變盈而流謙」，以知滿必招損、言則謙柔名則孤寡，不欲先人而撝謙後己，勞身逸人、薄己厚物，弘濟無私、與物為春申之；御注四條、御疏五條。李榮以海處卑下為百谷王，明聖人謙虛為萬國之主；謙居物下有德故推之為上，退身度人懷道故尊之在先；無德者物所同厭，有道者人皆樂推，注三條。陸希聲引《易》天道虧盈而益謙四句，謂謙之為德卑以自牧，江海以謙為德而為百谷所歸往，聖人以謙為德故為天下所先上；又引《書》「汝唯不爭，故天下莫與汝爭能」，傳一段。呂惠卿以能為天下王者亦善下之而已，玄德即下下之道，引莊周玄聖素王、舜玄德升聞為證；以孤寡不穀、受國之垢與不祥為言下之，以迫而後動、感而後應、不得已而後起為身後之；不重則戴之為輕，不害則從之為利，傳一段。蘇轍謂聖人非欲上人非欲先人，蓋下之後之，其道不得不上且先耳，解一條。吳澄以百谷之水同歸江海如天下之人同歸一王，言下之則卑屈其言，身後之則退卻其身，此謙讓盛德非有心於上人先人；重為難、害為患；天下樂於推戴，以其卑抑退遜不爭，引董氏、揚雄語為證，注四條。憨山以無我之德釋之，百川不拘淨穢總歸江海，江海能容以其善下；言者心之聲，虛心應物故出言必謙下如孤寡不穀；身者心之表，忘己與人故不以一己之養害天下；有天下而不與，故民自堪命、自遂生；無我之至乃不爭之德，爭非爭鬥謂心不馳競於物，引莊子「兼忘天下易，使天下忘己難」，解一段（本站分三條）。魏源以惟下乃大為老氏宗旨，天下歸往之謂王、百川歸會之謂海，能成其大由其能下而無不容，引《書》「汝惟不矜」、金人銘、揚雄、董思靖、蘇轍諸說，本義一段。王夫之以未易下尤未易善下立說，謂將抑之而激之必亢、將浚之而祗以不平，獨立為物所歸則積厚，積厚無所輸則欲抑浚而不能；江則有海，海則有尾閭；聖人有善過而不留，受天下之歸而自不饜；返息於踵，返踵於天，照之以自然，推移宿氣，乃入寥天一，衍二條。河上公題「後己第六十六」（四部叢刊本作「後巳」）；《玄德纂疏》、呂惠卿、蘇轍題「江海為百谷王章第六十六」，王弼本無章題；吳澄以此章為其第五十六章；魏源合此章與《天下皆謂》章前三句為其第五十七章；王夫之標「六十六章」。王弼、河上公、憨山、魏源、王夫之作「上民」「必以言下之」「必以身」「民不重」「民不害」；成玄英、唐玄宗、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄作「上人」「以其言下之」「以其身」「人不重」「人不害」；李榮作「上民」「以其言」「人不重」而「民不害」；魏源本無「是以」下「聖人」二字；吳澄「以其善下之也」多「也」字；李榮注引經作「以其無爭」。並見校記。", "summarySimp": "第六十六章〈江海为百谷王章〉五句：江海所以能为百谷王者，以其善下之，故能为百谷王；是以圣人欲上民，必以言下之，欲先民，必以身后之；是以圣人处上而民不重，处前而民不害；是以天下乐推而不厌；以其不争，故天下莫能与之争。王弼此章注阙，道藏本经文后直接第六十七章；严遵《指归》此章亦无辑文。全章以江海善下为喻：江海卑下，故百川归往而为百谷王；圣人法之，欲居人上则以言谦下，欲居人前则退身居后；故处上而民不以为重，处前而民不以为害；天下乐推而不厌；终以不争，故天下莫能与之争。河上公逐句为注，以江海卑下故众流归之若民归就王释善下；以圣人在民上为主不以尊贵虐下、在民前不以光明蔽后释不重不害；以恩深爱厚视民如赤子释乐推不厌；以不与人争先后、人皆有为无能与吾争无为释末句，注十一条。成玄英标章义，分全章为三：举譬以表虚忘、法说用彰谦退、结叹柔弱之能；以王为往、百谷犹百川，江海善居洼下，人能退身谦下虚柔容物则为苍生所归；以上人为欲令众生居己之上而言说柔和恒自谦下，以先人为欲令众生在己身先度而退身居物之后，守退翻进；以轻徭薄赋、恩覃万物释不重，以民歌击壤、宇内清夷释不害；以谦和不与物争、违顺平等是非永息释末句；章义一则、疏五条。唐玄宗御注以江海善能卑下故百川朝宗，谦为德柄、尊用弥光，言谦下之则百姓欣戴、身退后之则百姓子来；御疏引《易》「地道变盈而流谦」，以知满必招损、言则谦柔名则孤寡，不欲先人而㧑谦后己，劳身逸人、薄己厚物，弘济无私、与物为春申之；御注四条、御疏五条。李荣以海处卑下为百谷王，明圣人谦虚为万国之主；谦居物下有德故推之为上，退身度人怀道故尊之在先；无德者物所同厌，有道者人皆乐推，注三条。陆希声引《易》天道亏盈而益谦四句，谓谦之为德卑以自牧，江海以谦为德而为百谷所归往，圣人以谦为德故为天下所先上；又引《书》「汝唯不争，故天下莫与汝争能」，传一段。吕惠卿以能为天下王者亦善下之而已，玄德即下下之道，引庄周玄圣素王、舜玄德升闻为证；以孤寡不谷、受国之垢与不祥为言下之，以迫而后动、感而后应、不得已而后起为身后之；不重则戴之为轻，不害则从之为利，传一段。苏辙谓圣人非欲上人非欲先人，盖下之后之，其道不得不上且先耳，解一条。吴澄以百谷之水同归江海如天下之人同归一王，言下之则卑屈其言，身后之则退却其身，此谦让盛德非有心于上人先人；重为难、害为患；天下乐于推戴，以其卑抑退逊不争，引董氏、扬雄语为证，注四条。憨山以无我之德释之，百川不拘净秽总归江海，江海能容以其善下；言者心之声，虚心应物故出言必谦下如孤寡不谷；身者心之表，忘己与人故不以一己之养害天下；有天下而不与，故民自堪命、自遂生；无我之至乃不争之德，争非争斗谓心不驰竞于物，引庄子「兼忘天下易，使天下忘己难」，解一段（本站分三条）。魏源以惟下乃大为老氏宗旨，天下归往之谓王、百川归会之谓海，能成其大由其能下而无不容，引《书》「汝惟不矜」、金人铭、扬雄、董思靖、苏辙诸说，本义一段。王夫之以未易下尤未易善下立说，谓将抑之而激之必亢、将浚之而祗以不平，独立为物所归则积厚，积厚无所输则欲抑浚而不能；江则有海，海则有尾闾；圣人有善过而不留，受天下之归而自不餍；返息于踵，返踵于天，照之以自然，推移宿气，乃入寥天一，衍二条。河上公题「后己第六十六」（四部丛刊本作「后巳」）；《玄德纂疏》、吕惠卿、苏辙题「江海为百谷王章第六十六」，王弼本无章题；吴澄以此章为其第五十六章；魏源合此章与《天下皆谓》章前三句为其第五十七章；王夫之标「六十六章」。王弼、河上公、憨山、魏源、王夫之作「上民」「必以言下之」「必以身」「民不重」「民不害」；成玄英、唐玄宗、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄作「上人」「以其言下之」「以其身」「人不重」「人不害」；李荣作「上民」「以其言」「人不重」而「民不害」；魏源本无「是以」下「圣人」二字；吴澄「以其善下之也」多「也」字；李荣注引经作「以其无争」。并见校记。", "dataFile": "data/chapters/laozi-66.json", "relationsFile": "data/commentary-relations-laozi-66.json", "url": "/laozi/66/", "volumeId": "dejing", "volumeTitle": "德經", "volumeTitleSimp": "德经", "orderLabel": "第六十六" }, "edition": { "base": "王弼《老子注》", "baseEdition": "王弼《老子注》道藏本（德經卷四）", "separation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》、王夫之《老子衍》諸本對校；河上公此章據四部叢刊本；成玄英、唐玄宗御注御疏、李榮此章據《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引；王弼此章注闕，嚴遵此章無輯文；俞樾《諸子平議》此章未列", "punctuation": "數字轉錄所附現代標點，本站僅作閱讀輔助，尚未逐字復核原刻", "digital": "中華典藏網、識典古籍、大道家園公開轉錄、Kanripo 漢籍全文資料庫（僅作文字底本）", "caution": "王弼道藏本正文作「江海所以能為百谷王者，以其善下之，故能為百谷王。是以聖人欲上民，必以言下之；欲先民，必以身後之。是以聖人處上而民不重，處前而民不害。是以天下樂推而不厭。以其不爭，故天下莫能與之爭」，本站分五句。河上公題「後己第六十六」（四部叢刊本作「後巳」）；《玄德纂疏》、呂惠卿、蘇轍題「江海為百谷王章第六十六」；吳澄以此章為其第五十六章，魏源合此章與《天下皆謂》章前三句為其第五十七章；王夫之標「六十六章」。王弼此章注闕，道藏本經文後直接第六十七章，故不列王弼注；嚴遵此章無輯文。諸本異文：王弼、河上公、憨山、魏源、王夫之作「上民」「必以言下之」「必以身」「民不重」「民不害」；成玄英、唐玄宗、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄作「上人」「以其言下之」「以其身」「人不重」「人不害」；李榮作「上民」「以其言」「人不重」而「民不害」；魏源本無「是以」下「聖人」二字；吳澄「以其善下之也」多「也」字；李榮注引經作「以其無爭」，諸本作「以其不爭」。正文從王弼道藏本，異文見校記。", "baseSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "baseEditionSimp": "王弼《老子注》道藏本（德经卷四）", "separationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、李荣《道德真经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》、王夫之《老子衍》诸本对校；河上公此章据四部丛刊本；成玄英、唐玄宗御注御疏、李荣此章据《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引；王弼此章注阙，严遵此章无辑文；俞樾《诸子平议》此章未列", "punctuationSimp": "数字转录所附现代标点，本站仅作阅读辅助，尚未逐字复核原刻", "digitalSimp": "中华典藏网、识典古籍、大道家园公开转录、Kanripo 汉籍全文资料库（仅作文字底本）", "cautionSimp": "王弼道藏本正文作「江海所以能为百谷王者，以其善下之，故能为百谷王。是以圣人欲上民，必以言下之；欲先民，必以身后之。是以圣人处上而民不重，处前而民不害。是以天下乐推而不厌。以其不争，故天下莫能与之争」，本站分五句。河上公题「后己第六十六」（四部丛刊本作「后巳」）；《玄德纂疏》、吕惠卿、苏辙题「江海为百谷王章第六十六」；吴澄以此章为其第五十六章，魏源合此章与《天下皆谓》章前三句为其第五十七章；王夫之标「六十六章」。王弼此章注阙，道藏本经文后直接第六十七章，故不列王弼注；严遵此章无辑文。诸本异文：王弼、河上公、憨山、魏源、王夫之作「上民」「必以言下之」「必以身」「民不重」「民不害」；成玄英、唐玄宗、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄作「上人」「以其言下之」「以其身」「人不重」「人不害」；李荣作「上民」「以其言」「人不重」而「民不害」；魏源本无「是以」下「圣人」二字；吴澄「以其善下之也」多「也」字；李荣注引经作「以其无争」，诸本作「以其不争」。正文从王弼道藏本，异文见校记。" }, "license": { "historical": "公有領域", "translation": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "code": "MIT" }, "stats": { "sentences": 5, "commentaries": 42, "charNotes": 10, "collations": 7 } }, "sources": [ { "id": "heshanggong", "name": "河上公章句", "short": "河上公", "author": "河上公", "work": "老子道德經章句", "era": "漢", "years": "傳漢文帝時", "color": "#a3542c", "desc": "分章句解，兼重治身與治國；此章題「後己第六十六」（四部叢刊本作「後巳」），逐句為注：以江海卑下故眾流歸之若民歸就王釋善下；以法江海處謙虛下、先人後己釋言下身後；以聖人在民上為主不以尊貴虐下、在民前不以光明蔽後釋不重不害；以恩深愛厚視民如赤子釋樂推不厭；以不與人爭先後、人皆有為無能與吾爭無為釋末句。此章據四部叢刊本；注十一條。", "count": 11, "nameSimp": "河上公章句", "workSimp": "老子道德经章句", "authorSimp": "河上公", "eraSimp": "汉", "yearsSimp": "传汉文帝时", "descSimp": "分章句解，兼重治身与治国；此章题「后己第六十六」（四部丛刊本作「后巳」），逐句为注：以江海卑下故众流归之若民归就王释善下；以法江海处谦虚下、先人后己释言下身后；以圣人在民上为主不以尊贵虐下、在民前不以光明蔽后释不重不害；以恩深爱厚视民如赤子释乐推不厌；以不与人争先后、人皆有为无能与吾争无为释末句。此章据四部丛刊本；注十一条。", "shortSimp": "河上公" }, { "id": "chengxuanying", "name": "成玄英疏", "short": "成疏", "author": "成玄英", "work": "老子道德經義疏", "era": "唐", "years": "約 608–669", "color": "#6b7a4a", "desc": "以重玄雙遣為宗；此章《玄德纂疏》卷十七存章義與疏，分全章為三：舉譬以表虛忘、法說用彰謙退、結嘆柔弱之能；以王為往、百谷猶百川，江海善居窪下，人能退身謙下虛柔容物則為蒼生所歸；以上人為欲令眾生居己之上而言說柔和恒自謙下，以先人為欲令眾生在己身先度而退身居物之後，守退翻進；以輕徭薄賦、恩覃萬物釋不重，以民歌擊壤、宇內清夷釋不害；以謙和不與物爭、違順平等是非永息釋末句。章義一則、疏五條。", "count": 6, "nameSimp": "成玄英疏", "workSimp": "老子道德经义疏", "authorSimp": "成玄英", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "约 608–669", "descSimp": "以重玄双遣为宗；此章《玄德纂疏》卷十七存章义与疏，分全章为三：举譬以表虚忘、法说用彰谦退、结叹柔弱之能；以王为往、百谷犹百川，江海善居洼下，人能退身谦下虚柔容物则为苍生所归；以上人为欲令众生居己之上而言说柔和恒自谦下，以先人为欲令众生在己身先度而退身居物之后，守退翻进；以轻徭薄赋、恩覃万物释不重，以民歌击壤、宇内清夷释不害；以谦和不与物争、违顺平等是非永息释末句。章义一则、疏五条。", "shortSimp": "成疏" }, { "id": "tangxuanzong", "name": "唐玄宗御注御疏", "short": "御注", "author": "唐玄宗", "work": "道德真經注疏", "era": "唐", "years": "685–762", "color": "#9a4b3f", "desc": "御注簡質、御疏詳申，以理國修身並重；此章御注四條、御疏五條，分列。御注以江海善能卑下故百川朝宗釋首句；以謙為德柄、尊用彌光，言謙下之則百姓欣戴、身退後之則百姓子來釋上民先民；以不重不害故天下樂推釋第四句；以謙退不與物爭、天下共推誰與爭者釋末句。御疏引《易》「地道變盈而流謙」，以善居下流申首句；以知滿必招損、言則謙柔名則孤寡、撝謙後己申上民先民；以勞身逸人、薄己厚物申不重不害；以弘濟無私、與物為春申樂推；以言下身後、不與物爭先申末句。此章據《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引。", "count": 9, "nameSimp": "唐玄宗御注御疏", "workSimp": "道德真经注疏", "authorSimp": "唐玄宗", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "685–762", "descSimp": "御注简质、御疏详申，以理国修身并重；此章御注四条、御疏五条，分列。御注以江海善能卑下故百川朝宗释首句；以谦为德柄、尊用弥光，言谦下之则百姓欣戴、身退后之则百姓子来释上民先民；以不重不害故天下乐推释第四句；以谦退不与物争、天下共推谁与争者释末句。御疏引《易》「地道变盈而流谦」，以善居下流申首句；以知满必招损、言则谦柔名则孤寡、㧑谦后己申上民先民；以劳身逸人、薄己厚物申不重不害；以弘济无私、与物为春申乐推；以言下身后、不与物争先申末句。此章据《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引。", "shortSimp": "御注" }, { "id": "lirong", "name": "李榮注", "short": "李榮", "author": "李榮", "work": "道德真經注", "era": "唐", "years": "約 600–680", "color": "#5f6f8a", "desc": "以道本德用、修身治國並說為宗；此章三注，以海處卑下故為百谷王、明聖人謙虛方為萬國之主釋首句；以謙居物下有德故推之為上、退身度人懷道故尊之在先、百姓樂戴人皆忠孝釋上民先民與不重不害；以無德者物所同厭、有道者人皆樂推、行揖讓之風順萬物之化釋末二句。李榮本作「上民」「以其言」「人不重」而「民不害」，注引經作「以其無爭」。此章據《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引。", "count": 3, "nameSimp": "李荣注", "workSimp": "道德真经注", "authorSimp": "李荣", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "约 600–680", "descSimp": "以道本德用、修身治国并说为宗；此章三注，以海处卑下故为百谷王、明圣人谦虚方为万国之主释首句；以谦居物下有德故推之为上、退身度人怀道故尊之在先、百姓乐戴人皆忠孝释上民先民与不重不害；以无德者物所同厌、有道者人皆乐推、行揖让之风顺万物之化释末二句。李荣本作「上民」「以其言」「人不重」而「民不害」，注引经作「以其无争」。此章据《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引。", "shortSimp": "李荣" }, { "id": "luxisheng", "name": "陸希聲傳", "short": "陸傳", "author": "陸希聲", "work": "道德經傳", "era": "唐", "years": "？–895", "color": "#8a6f3a", "desc": "以體用、本末說經，長於政教；此章傳一段，引《易》「天道虧盈而益謙，地道變盈而流謙，鬼神害盈而福謙，人道惡盈而好謙」，謂謙之為德卑以自牧，江海以謙為德而為百谷所歸往，聖人以謙為德故為天下所先上；聖人豈欲先上哉，天下樂推而不厭耳；又引《書》「汝唯不爭，故天下莫與汝爭能；汝唯不矜，故天下莫與汝爭功」釋末句。傳一段。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "陆希声传", "workSimp": "道德经传", "authorSimp": "陆希声", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "？–895", "descSimp": "以体用、本末说经，长于政教；此章传一段，引《易》「天道亏盈而益谦，地道变盈而流谦，鬼神害盈而福谦，人道恶盈而好谦」，谓谦之为德卑以自牧，江海以谦为德而为百谷所归往，圣人以谦为德故为天下所先上；圣人岂欲先上哉，天下乐推而不厌耳；又引《书》「汝唯不争，故天下莫与汝争能；汝唯不矜，故天下莫与汝争功」释末句。传一段。", "shortSimp": "陆传" }, { "id": "lvhuiqing", "name": "呂惠卿傳", "short": "呂傳", "author": "呂惠卿", "work": "道德真經傳", "era": "宋", "years": "1032–1111", "color": "#6a7d5a", "desc": "以道體無知、守母為本；此章傳一段，以能為天下王者亦善下之而已、玄德即下下之道立說，引莊周玄聖素王、舜玄德升聞為證；以孤寡不穀、受國之垢與不祥為言下之，以迫而後動、感而後應、不得已而後起為身後之；不重則戴之為輕，不害則從之為利；言下身後則不爭，樂推不厭則天下莫能與爭，非體玄德者不能。傳一段。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "吕惠卿传", "workSimp": "道德真经传", "authorSimp": "吕惠卿", "eraSimp": "宋", "yearsSimp": "1032–1111", "descSimp": "以道体无知、守母为本；此章传一段，以能为天下王者亦善下之而已、玄德即下下之道立说，引庄周玄圣素王、舜玄德升闻为证；以孤寡不谷、受国之垢与不祥为言下之，以迫而后动、感而后应、不得已而后起为身后之；不重则戴之为轻，不害则从之为利；言下身后则不争，乐推不厌则天下莫能与争，非体玄德者不能。传一段。", "shortSimp": "吕传" }, { "id": "suzhe", "name": "蘇轍老子解", "short": "蘇解", "author": "蘇轍", "work": "老子解", "era": "宋", "years": "1039–1112", "color": "#5d7080", "desc": "以體道無知、無所施設為宗；此章僅一條，謂聖人非欲上人、非欲先人，蓋下之後之，其道不得不上且先耳。經文作「上人」「以其言」「以其身」「人不重」「人不害」，與王弼本異。解一條。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "苏辙老子解", "workSimp": "老子解", "authorSimp": "苏辙", "eraSimp": "宋", "yearsSimp": "1039–1112", "descSimp": "以体道无知、无所施设为宗；此章仅一条，谓圣人非欲上人、非欲先人，盖下之后之，其道不得不上且先耳。经文作「上人」「以其言」「以其身」「人不重」「人不害」，与王弼本异。解一条。", "shortSimp": "苏解" }, { "id": "wucheng", "name": "吳澄道德真經注", "short": "吳注", "author": "吳澄", "work": "道德真經注", "era": "元", "years": "1249–1333", "color": "#7b5f7a", "desc": "以理氣、斂退說經，兼重字義訓詁；此章為其第五十六章，注四條，以百谷之水同歸江海如天下之人同歸一王釋首句；以言下之卑屈其言、身後之退卻其身、非有心於上人先人釋第二句；以重為難、害為患、能下之後之處人上人不以為難、處人前人不以為患釋第三句；以卑抑退遜不爭、天下樂於推戴釋末二句，引董氏「德下之則形上」、揚雄「自下者人高之」為證。注四條。", "count": 4, "nameSimp": "吴澄道德真经注", "workSimp": "道德真经注", "authorSimp": "吴澄", "eraSimp": "元", "yearsSimp": "1249–1333", "descSimp": "以理气、敛退说经，兼重字义训诂；此章为其第五十六章，注四条，以百谷之水同归江海如天下之人同归一王释首句；以言下之卑屈其言、身后之退却其身、非有心于上人先人释第二句；以重为难、害为患、能下之后之处人上人不以为难、处人前人不以为患释第三句；以卑抑退逊不争、天下乐于推戴释末二句，引董氏「德下之则形上」、扬雄「自下者人高之」为证。注四条。", "shortSimp": "吴注" }, { "id": "hanshan", "name": "憨山道德經解", "short": "憨山", "author": "釋德清", "work": "道德經解", "era": "明", "years": "1546–1623", "color": "#8a5f4a", "desc": "以真修、復性為本，兼重教化；此章以無我之德立說，謂百川不拘淨穢總歸江海，江海能容以其善下，喻聖人在上天下歸之以其無我；言者心之聲，虛心應物故出言必謙下如孤寡不穀；身者心之表，忘己與人故不以一己之養害天下；有天下而不與，故民自堪命、自遂生；無我之至乃不爭之德，爭非爭鬥謂心不馳競於物，引莊子「兼忘天下易，使天下忘己難」。解一段，本站分三條。", "count": 3, "nameSimp": "憨山道德经解", "workSimp": "道德经解", "authorSimp": "释德清", "eraSimp": "明", "yearsSimp": "1546–1623", "descSimp": "以真修、复性为本，兼重教化；此章以无我之德立说，谓百川不拘净秽总归江海，江海能容以其善下，喻圣人在上天下归之以其无我；言者心之声，虚心应物故出言必谦下如孤寡不谷；身者心之表，忘己与人故不以一己之养害天下；有天下而不与，故民自堪命、自遂生；无我之至乃不争之德，争非争斗谓心不驰竞于物，引庄子「兼忘天下易，使天下忘己难」。解一段，本站分三条。", "shortSimp": "憨山" }, { "id": "weiyuan", "name": "魏源老子本義", "short": "魏源", "author": "魏源", "work": "老子本義", "era": "清", "years": "1794–1857", "color": "#5a6a5a", "desc": "以不盈務內為宗，博引諸家而斷以源案；此章合《天下皆謂》章前三句為其第五十七章，本義以惟下乃大為老氏宗旨，謂天下歸往之謂王、百川歸會之謂海，能成其大由其能下而無不容，引《書》「汝惟不矜」、金人銘、揚雄、董思靖、蘇轍諸說；校記謂此章字句皆從王弼本，他本或以聖人在欲上民上、或作以其言下之以其身後之、或四民字並作人、或作居前而人不能害，傅奕作處之上處之前、河上作處民上處民前。本義一段、校記若干條。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "魏源老子本义", "workSimp": "老子本义", "authorSimp": "魏源", "eraSimp": "清", "yearsSimp": "1794–1857", "descSimp": "以不盈务内为宗，博引诸家而断以源案；此章合《天下皆谓》章前三句为其第五十七章，本义以惟下乃大为老氏宗旨，谓天下归往之谓王、百川归会之谓海，能成其大由其能下而无不容，引《书》「汝惟不矜」、金人铭、扬雄、董思靖、苏辙诸说；校记谓此章字句皆从王弼本，他本或以圣人在欲上民上、或作以其言下之以其身后之、或四民字并作人、或作居前而人不能害，傅奕作处之上处之前、河上作处民上处民前。本义一段、校记若干条。", "shortSimp": "魏源" }, { "id": "wangfuzhi", "name": "王夫之老子衍", "short": "船山", "author": "王夫之", "work": "老子衍", "era": "清", "years": "1619–1692", "color": "#6a5a7a", "desc": "以氣化、知幾立說；此章標「六十六章」，謂未易下尤未易善下，將抑之而激之必亢、將浚之而祗以不平，獨立為物所歸則積厚，積厚無所輸則欲抑浚而不能；江則有海，海則有尾閭；聖人有善過而不留，受天下之歸而自不饜；返息於踵，返踵於天，照之以自然，推移宿氣，乃入寥天一。夾注「人不重，重仍在己也，凡上輕下重」，尤為警策。衍一段、夾注一條。", "count": 2, "nameSimp": "王夫之老子衍", "workSimp": "老子衍", "authorSimp": "王夫之", "eraSimp": "清", "yearsSimp": "1619–1692", "descSimp": "以气化、知几立说；此章标「六十六章」，谓未易下尤未易善下，将抑之而激之必亢、将浚之而祗以不平，独立为物所归则积厚，积厚无所输则欲抑浚而不能；江则有海，海则有尾闾；圣人有善过而不留，受天下之归而自不餍；返息于踵，返踵于天，照之以自然，推移宿气，乃入寥天一。夹注「人不重，重仍在己也，凡上轻下重」，尤为警策。衍一段、夹注一条。", "shortSimp": "船山" }, { "id": "translator", "name": "本站今譯", "short": "今譯", "author": "LibreBook 編者", "work": "今譯", "era": "當代", "years": "", "color": "#8a8a8a", "desc": "編者據舊注與上下文所作語體今譯，供閱讀參照。", "count": 5, "nameSimp": "本站今译", "workSimp": "今译", "authorSimp": "LibreBook 编者", "eraSimp": "当代", "yearsSimp": "", "descSimp": "编者据旧注与上下文所作语体今译，供阅读参照。", "shortSimp": "今译" } ], "sentences": [ { "id": "s001", "paragraph": 1, "text": "江海所以能為百谷王者，以其善下之，故能為百谷王。", "textSimp": "江海所以能为百谷王者，以其善下之，故能为百谷王。", "translation": "江海之所以能成为百谷之王，是因为它善于处在低下的位置，所以能成为百谷之王。", "translationTrad": "江海之所以能成為百谷之王，是因為它善於處在低下的位置，所以能成為百谷之王。", "noteIds": [ "c001", "c002", "c012", "c013", "c018", "c022", "c027", "c030", "c031", "c033", "c037", "c040", "c041" ], "noteCount": 13, "charNoteIds": [ "n001", "n002" ], "key": "laozi-66:s001", "n": 1 }, { "id": "s002", "paragraph": 1, "text": "是以聖人欲上民，必以言下之；欲先民，必以身後之。", "textSimp": "是以圣人欲上民，必以言下之；欲先民，必以身后之。", "translation": "所以圣人想要居于人民之上，必先用言辞对人民谦下；想要居于人民之前，必先把自身放在人民之后。", "translationTrad": "所以聖人想要居於人民之上，必先用言辭對人民謙下；想要居於人民之前，必先把自身放在人民之後。", "noteIds": [ "c003", "c004", "c005", "c006", "c012", "c014", "c015", "c019", "c023", "c028", "c030", "c031", "c032", "c034", "c038", "c040", "c041" ], "noteCount": 17, "charNoteIds": [ "n003", "n004", "n005" ], "key": "laozi-66:s002", "n": 2 }, { "id": "s003", "paragraph": 1, "text": "是以聖人處上而民不重，處前而民不害。", "textSimp": "是以圣人处上而民不重，处前而民不害。", "translation": "所以圣人居于上位而人民不觉得沉重，居于前面而人民不觉得受害。", "translationTrad": "所以聖人居於上位而人民不覺得沉重，居於前面而人民不覺得受害。", "noteIds": [ "c007", "c008", "c012", "c016", "c019", "c024", "c028", "c030", "c031", "c032", "c035", "c038", "c040", "c041", "c042" ], "noteCount": 15, "charNoteIds": [ "n006", "n007" ], "key": "laozi-66:s003", "n": 3 }, { "id": "s004", "paragraph": 1, "text": "是以天下樂推而不厭。", "textSimp": "是以天下乐推而不厌。", "translation": "所以天下人乐于推举他而不厌倦。", "translationTrad": "所以天下人樂於推舉他而不厭倦。", "noteIds": [ "c009", "c012", "c017", "c020", "c025", "c029", "c030", "c031", "c036", "c039", "c040", "c041" ], "noteCount": 12, "charNoteIds": [ "n008", "n009" ], "key": "laozi-66:s004", "n": 4 }, { "id": "s005", "paragraph": 1, "text": "以其不爭，故天下莫能與之爭。", "textSimp": "以其不争，故天下莫能与之争。", "translation": "正因为他不与人争，所以天下没有人能与他争。", "translationTrad": "正因為他不與人爭，所以天下沒有人能與他爭。", "noteIds": [ "c010", "c011", "c012", "c017", "c021", "c026", "c029", "c030", "c031", "c036", "c039", "c040", "c041" ], "noteCount": 13, "charNoteIds": [ "n010" ], "key": "laozi-66:s005", "n": 5 } ], "commentaries": [ { "id": "c001", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "江海所以能為百谷王者，以其善下之", "kind": "note", "text": "江海以卑下，故眾流歸之，若民歸就王。", "authorNote": "河上公此章據四部叢刊本（《老子道德經》卷下）；題「後己第六十六」，四部叢刊本作「後巳」。", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本）", "textSimp": "江海以卑下，故众流归之，若民归就王。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本）（河上公此章據四部叢刊本（《老子道德經》卷下）；題「後己第六十六」，四部叢刊本作「後巳」。）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本）", "authorNoteSimp": "河上公此章据四部丛刊本（《老子道德经》卷下）；题「后己第六十六」，四部丛刊本作「后巳」。", "lemmaSimp": "江海所以能为百谷王者，以其善下之" }, { "id": "c002", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "故能為百谷王", "kind": "note", "text": "以卑下，故能為百谷王也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本）", "textSimp": "以卑下，故能为百谷王也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本）", "lemmaSimp": "故能为百谷王" }, { "id": "c003", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "欲上民", "kind": "note", "text": "欲在民之上也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本）", "textSimp": "欲在民之上也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本）", "lemmaSimp": "欲上民" }, { "id": "c004", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "必以言下之", "kind": "note", "text": "法江海處謙虛下也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本）", "textSimp": "法江海处谦虚下也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本）", "lemmaSimp": "必以言下之" }, { "id": "c005", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "欲先民", "kind": "note", "text": "欲在民之前也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本）", "textSimp": "欲在民之前也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本）", "lemmaSimp": "欲先民" }, { "id": "c006", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "必以身後之", "kind": "note", "text": "先人而後己也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本）", "textSimp": "先人而后己也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本）", "lemmaSimp": "必以身后之" }, { "id": "c007", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "處上而民不重", "kind": "note", "text": "聖人在民上為主，不以尊貴虐下，故民戴仰不以為重。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本）", "textSimp": "圣人在民上为主，不以尊贵虐下，故民戴仰不以为重。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本）", "lemmaSimp": "处上而民不重" }, { "id": "c008", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "處前而民不害", "kind": "note", "text": "聖人在民前，不以光明蔽後，民親之若父母，無有欲害之者也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本）", "textSimp": "圣人在民前，不以光明蔽后，民亲之若父母，无有欲害之者也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本）", "lemmaSimp": "处前而民不害" }, { "id": "c009", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "天下樂推而不厭", "kind": "note", "text": "聖人恩深愛厚，視民如赤子，故天下樂共推進以為主，無有厭之者。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本）", "textSimp": "圣人恩深爱厚，视民如赤子，故天下乐共推进以为主，无有厌之者。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本）", "lemmaSimp": "天下乐推而不厌" }, { "id": "c010", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "以其不爭", "kind": "note", "text": "天下無厭聖人時，是由聖人不與人爭先後也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本）", "textSimp": "天下无厌圣人时，是由圣人不与人争先后也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本）", "lemmaSimp": "以其不争" }, { "id": "c011", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "天下莫能與之爭", "kind": "note", "text": "言人皆有為，無能與吾爭無為者也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本）", "textSimp": "言人皆有为，无能与吾争无为者也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本）", "lemmaSimp": "天下莫能与之争" }, { "id": "c012", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "江海為百谷王章", "kind": "note", "text": "前章正明玄德之人反俗順道，故次此章，廣顯順道之行。就此一章，義開三別：第一舉譬以表虛忘，第二法說用彰謙退，第三結嘆柔弱之能。", "authorNote": "成玄英章義，分全章為三：一舉譬以表虛忘，二法說用彰謙退，三結嘆柔弱之能。", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引）", "textSimp": "前章正明玄德之人反俗顺道，故次此章，广显顺道之行。就此一章，义开三别：第一举譬以表虚忘，第二法说用彰谦退，第三结叹柔弱之能。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引）（成玄英章義，分全章為三：一舉譬以表虛忘，二法說用彰謙退，三結嘆柔弱之能。）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "成玄英章义，分全章为三：一举譬以表虚忘，二法说用彰谦退，三结叹柔弱之能。", "lemmaSimp": "江海为百谷王章" }, { "id": "c013", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "江海所以能為百谷王者，以其善下之，故能為百谷王", "kind": "note", "text": "王，往也；百谷猶百川也。言江海所以為百川所往者，以其善居窪下之地也。人能退身謙下、虛柔容物者，亦蒼生之所歸也，故能為百谷王。此結成其義，故經云海為百川王也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引）", "textSimp": "王，往也；百谷犹百川也。言江海所以为百川所往者，以其善居洼下之地也。人能退身谦下、虚柔容物者，亦苍生之所归也，故能为百谷王。此结成其义，故经云海为百川王也。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引）", "lemmaSimp": "江海所以能为百谷王者，以其善下之，故能为百谷王" }, { "id": "c014", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "欲上人，以其言下之", "kind": "note", "text": "欲令一切眾生居己之上，所以言說柔和，恒自謙下。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引）", "textSimp": "欲令一切众生居己之上，所以言说柔和，恒自谦下。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引）", "lemmaSimp": "欲上人，以其言下之" }, { "id": "c015", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "欲先人，以其身後之", "kind": "note", "text": "欲令眾生在己身先度，所以退身居物之後。故經云：一切未得度，我不有望。前處下而反高，此則守退而翻進也。", "authorNote": "「我不有望」，底本如此。", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引）", "textSimp": "欲令众生在己身先度，所以退身居物之后。故经云：一切未得度，我不有望。前处下而反高，此则守退而翻进也。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引）（「我不有望」，底本如此。）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "「我不有望」，底本如此。", "lemmaSimp": "欲先人，以其身后之" }, { "id": "c016", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "是以處上而人不重，處前而人不害", "kind": "note", "text": "聖人恬淡無為，少思寡欲，故處民之上為君，而使民輕徭薄賦，無重勞也。又解云：聖人恩覃於萬物，故百姓荷戴而不辭也。處物之前而為君主，遂使民歌擊壤，宇內清夷，利物弘多而無損害。又解云：聖德遐廣，百姓樂推，懷荷恩澤，豈敢傷害？", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引）", "textSimp": "圣人恬淡无为，少思寡欲，故处民之上为君，而使民轻徭薄赋，无重劳也。又解云：圣人恩覃于万物，故百姓荷戴而不辞也。处物之前而为君主，遂使民歌击壤，宇内清夷，利物弘多而无损害。又解云：圣德遐广，百姓乐推，怀荷恩泽，岂敢伤害？", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引）", "lemmaSimp": "是以处上而人不重，处前而人不害" }, { "id": "c017", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "是以天下樂推而不厭……故天下莫能與之爭", "kind": "note", "text": "所以百姓樂推在前而不厭倦者，只為善能謙和、不與物爭故也。既違順平等，是非永息，誰復與不爭者爭？故天下莫能與之爭也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引）", "textSimp": "所以百姓乐推在前而不厌倦者，只为善能谦和、不与物争故也。既违顺平等，是非永息，谁复与不争者争？故天下莫能与之争也。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引）", "lemmaSimp": "是以天下乐推而不厌……故天下莫能与之争" }, { "id": "c018", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "江海所以能為百谷王者，以其善下之，故能為百谷王", "kind": "note", "text": "江海所以能令百川委輸歸往者，以其善能卑下之，故百川朝宗。", "authorNote": "此為御注。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "江海所以能令百川委输归往者，以其善能卑下之，故百川朝宗。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引御注御疏）（此為御注。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注。", "lemmaSimp": "江海所以能为百谷王者，以其善下之，故能为百谷王" }, { "id": "c019", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "欲上人以其言下之……處前而人不害", "kind": "note", "text": "謙為德柄，尊用彌光。以言謙下之，百姓欣戴，故處其上而人不以為重；以身退後之，百姓子來，故處其前而人不以為害之爾。", "authorNote": "此為御注。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "谦为德柄，尊用弥光。以言谦下之，百姓欣戴，故处其上而人不以为重；以身退后之，百姓子来，故处其前而人不以为害之尔。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引御注御疏）（此為御注。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注。", "lemmaSimp": "欲上人以其言下之……处前而人不害" }, { "id": "c020", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "是以天下樂推而不厭", "kind": "note", "text": "以是不重不害之故，天下之人樂推崇為之主而不厭倦。", "authorNote": "此為御注。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "以是不重不害之故，天下之人乐推崇为之主而不厌倦。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引御注御疏）（此為御注。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注。", "lemmaSimp": "是以天下乐推而不厌" }, { "id": "c021", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "以其不爭，故天下莫能與之爭", "kind": "note", "text": "聖人謙退，不與物爭，天下共推，誰與爭者？", "authorNote": "此為御注。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "圣人谦退，不与物争，天下共推，谁与争者？", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引御注御疏）（此為御注。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注。", "lemmaSimp": "以其不争，故天下莫能与之争" }, { "id": "c022", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "江海所以能為百谷王者，以其善下之，故能為百谷王", "kind": "note", "text": "言江海所以能令百川朝宗而為王者，以其善居下流之所致也。故《易》云：地道變盈而流謙。此舉喻也。故地道用謙，則百川委輸而歸往；聖人用謙，則庶人子來而不厭爾。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "言江海所以能令百川朝宗而为王者，以其善居下流之所致也。故《易》云：地道变盈而流谦。此举喻也。故地道用谦，则百川委输而归往；圣人用谦，则庶人子来而不厌尔。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "江海所以能为百谷王者，以其善下之，故能为百谷王" }, { "id": "c023", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "欲上人以其言下之，欲先人以其身後之", "kind": "note", "text": "此合喻也。言聖人欲上於人，則以其言謙下之。夫聖人豈欲居人上而以言下之耶？但聖人知滿必招損，故言則謙柔，名則孤寡，以下於物，而盛德鴻業自然為物所推上爾。聖人亦不欲先人，直以撝謙後己，先物物自先之。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "此合喻也。言圣人欲上于人，则以其言谦下之。夫圣人岂欲居人上而以言下之耶？但圣人知满必招损，故言则谦柔，名则孤寡，以下于物，而盛德鸿业自然为物所推上尔。圣人亦不欲先人，直以㧑谦后己，先物物自先之。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "欲上人以其言下之，欲先人以其身后之" }, { "id": "c024", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "是以處上而人不重，處前而人不害", "kind": "note", "text": "此結前也。聖人臨大寶之位居至極之尊，勞身而逸人，薄己而厚物。在上人得以生，故不以為重；處前人得以理，故不以為害。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "此结前也。圣人临大宝之位居至极之尊，劳身而逸人，薄己而厚物。在上人得以生，故不以为重；处前人得以理，故不以为害。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "是以处上而人不重，处前而人不害" }, { "id": "c025", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "是以天下樂推而不厭", "kind": "note", "text": "聖人之德，弘濟無私，與物為春，望之如日，既不為重為害，是以天下之人樂推崇而無厭倦也。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "圣人之德，弘济无私，与物为春，望之如日，既不为重为害，是以天下之人乐推崇而无厌倦也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "是以天下乐推而不厌" }, { "id": "c026", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "以其不爭，故天下莫能與之爭", "kind": "note", "text": "今天下樂推聖人而不厭者，豈不以聖人言則下之、身則後之，以其不與物爭先，故天下之人莫能與聖人爭先者矣。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "今天下乐推圣人而不厌者，岂不以圣人言则下之、身则后之，以其不与物争先，故天下之人莫能与圣人争先者矣。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "以其不争，故天下莫能与之争" }, { "id": "c027", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "江海所以能為百谷王者，以其善下之，故能為百谷王", "kind": "note", "text": "此舉喻也。但海處卑下，故為百谷之王；明聖人謙虛，方為萬國之主也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引）", "textSimp": "此举喻也。但海处卑下，故为百谷之王；明圣人谦虚，方为万国之主也。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引）", "lemmaSimp": "江海所以能为百谷王者，以其善下之，故能为百谷王" }, { "id": "c028", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "欲上民以其言下之……處前而民不害", "kind": "note", "text": "謙居物下，有德，故推之以為上；退身度人，懷道，故尊之以在先。百姓樂戴，不以為重；人皆忠孝，誰有害心？", "authorNote": "李榮本作「上民」「以其言」「人不重」而「民不害」。", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引）", "textSimp": "谦居物下，有德，故推之以为上；退身度人，怀道，故尊之以在先。百姓乐戴，不以为重；人皆忠孝，谁有害心？", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引）（李榮本作「上民」「以其言」「人不重」而「民不害」。）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "李荣本作「上民」「以其言」「人不重」而「民不害」。", "lemmaSimp": "欲上民以其言下之……处前而民不害" }, { "id": "c029", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "是以天下樂推而不厭，以其無爭，故天下莫能與之爭", "kind": "note", "text": "無德者物所同厭，有道者人皆樂推。行揖讓之風，順萬物之化，誰當與爭也？", "authorNote": "李榮注引經作「以其無爭」，諸本作「以其不爭」。", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引）", "textSimp": "无德者物所同厌，有道者人皆乐推。行揖让之风，顺万物之化，谁当与争也？", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引）（李榮注引經作「以其無爭」，諸本作「以其不爭」。）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "李荣注引经作「以其无争」，诸本作「以其不争」。", "lemmaSimp": "是以天下乐推而不厌，以其无争，故天下莫能与之争" }, { "id": "c030", "block": 0, "source": "luxisheng", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "江海為百谷王章", "kind": "note", "text": "《易》曰：天道虧盈而益謙，地道變盈而流謙，鬼神害盈而福謙，人道惡盈而好謙。謙之為德，卑以自牧，故江海以謙為德而為百谷所歸往，聖人以謙為德故為天下所先上。聖人豈欲先上哉？天下樂推而不厭耳。所以言欲先上者，舉聖人以勸眾人耳。然則聖人之處先上者，豈爭而得之耶？《書》曰：汝唯不爭，故天下莫與汝爭能；汝唯不矜，故天下莫與汝爭功。此之謂也。", "authorNote": "陸希聲經文作「上人」「以其言」「以其身」「人不重」「人不害」，與王弼本異。", "citation": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本卷四）", "textSimp": "《易》曰：天道亏盈而益谦，地道变盈而流谦，鬼神害盈而福谦，人道恶盈而好谦。谦之为德，卑以自牧，故江海以谦为德而为百谷所归往，圣人以谦为德故为天下所先上。圣人岂欲先上哉？天下乐推而不厌耳。所以言欲先上者，举圣人以劝众人耳。然则圣人之处先上者，岂争而得之耶？《书》曰：汝唯不争，故天下莫与汝争能；汝唯不矜，故天下莫与汝争功。此之谓也。", "citationFull": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本卷四）（陸希聲經文作「上人」「以其言」「以其身」「人不重」「人不害」，與王弼本異。）", "citationSimp": "陆希声《道德经传》（《道藏》本卷四）", "authorNoteSimp": "陆希声经文作「上人」「以其言」「以其身」「人不重」「人不害」，与王弼本异。", "lemmaSimp": "江海为百谷王章" }, { "id": "c031", "block": 0, "source": "lvhuiqing", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "江海為百谷王章", "kind": "note", "text": "江海之所以能為百谷王者，以其善下之，故能為百谷王，則能為天下王者亦善下之而已，則玄德者乃所以下下之道也。莊周以為以此處下則玄聖素王之道，而舜之在下則曰玄德升聞，則玄德者固聖人所以處下之道也。以處下之道而居人上，乃所以下之也。聖人之有天下也，以言其位則固欲上人也，然以孤寡不穀為稱而受國之垢與不祥，則以其言下之也；以言其序則固欲先人也，然迫而後動，感而後應，不得已而後起，則以其身後之也。夫惟以其言下之，則處上而人不重，不重則以戴之為輕矣；以其身後之，則處前而人不害，不害則以從之為利矣。不重不害，此天下所以樂推而不厭也。夫以其言下之、以其身後之，則不爭者也；樂推而不厭，則天下莫能與之爭者也。非體玄德者，其能若是乎？故曰夫惟不爭，故天下莫能與之爭。", "authorNote": "呂惠卿經文作「上人」「以其言」「以其身」「人不重」「人不害」，與王弼本異。", "citation": "呂惠卿《道德真經傳》（《道藏》本卷四）", "textSimp": "江海之所以能为百谷王者，以其善下之，故能为百谷王，则能为天下王者亦善下之而已，则玄德者乃所以下下之道也。庄周以为以此处下则玄圣素王之道，而舜之在下则曰玄德升闻，则玄德者固圣人所以处下之道也。以处下之道而居人上，乃所以下之也。圣人之有天下也，以言其位则固欲上人也，然以孤寡不谷为称而受国之垢与不祥，则以其言下之也；以言其序则固欲先人也，然迫而后动，感而后应，不得已而后起，则以其身后之也。夫惟以其言下之，则处上而人不重，不重则以戴之为轻矣；以其身后之，则处前而人不害，不害则以从之为利矣。不重不害，此天下所以乐推而不厌也。夫以其言下之、以其身后之，则不争者也；乐推而不厌，则天下莫能与之争者也。非体玄德者，其能若是乎？故曰夫惟不争，故天下莫能与之争。", "citationFull": "呂惠卿《道德真經傳》（《道藏》本卷四）（呂惠卿經文作「上人」「以其言」「以其身」「人不重」「人不害」，與王弼本異。）", "citationSimp": "吕惠卿《道德真经传》（《道藏》本卷四）", "authorNoteSimp": "吕惠卿经文作「上人」「以其言」「以其身」「人不重」「人不害」，与王弼本异。", "lemmaSimp": "江海为百谷王章" }, { "id": "c032", "block": 0, "source": "suzhe", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "是以聖人欲上人以其言下之，欲先人以其身後之", "kind": "note", "text": "聖人非欲上人，非欲先人也，蓋下之後之，其道不得不上且先耳。", "authorNote": "蘇轍本此章僅此一條，經文作「上人」「以其言」「以其身」「人不重」「人不害」。", "citation": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本卷四）", "textSimp": "圣人非欲上人，非欲先人也，盖下之后之，其道不得不上且先耳。", "citationFull": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本卷四）（蘇轍本此章僅此一條，經文作「上人」「以其言」「以其身」「人不重」「人不害」。）", "citationSimp": "苏辙《老子解》（《道藏》本卷四）", "authorNoteSimp": "苏辙本此章仅此一条，经文作「上人」「以其言」「以其身」「人不重」「人不害」。", "lemmaSimp": "是以圣人欲上人以其言下之，欲先人以其身后之" }, { "id": "c033", "block": 0, "source": "wucheng", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "江海所以能為百谷王者，以其善下之也，故能為百谷王", "kind": "note", "text": "百谷之水同歸江海，如天下之人同歸一王也。江海之委在水下流，能下眾水，故能兼受百谷之水為之王也。王之所以能兼有天下之人者亦若是。", "authorNote": "吳澄本作「以其善下之也」，多一「也」字。", "citation": "吳澄《道德真經注》（《道藏》本卷四）", "textSimp": "百谷之水同归江海，如天下之人同归一王也。江海之委在水下流，能下众水，故能兼受百谷之水为之王也。王之所以能兼有天下之人者亦若是。", "citationFull": "吳澄《道德真經注》（《道藏》本卷四）（吳澄本作「以其善下之也」，多一「也」字。）", "citationSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》（《道藏》本卷四）", "authorNoteSimp": "吴澄本作「以其善下之也」，多一「也」字。", "lemmaSimp": "江海所以能为百谷王者，以其善下之也，故能为百谷王" }, { "id": "c034", "block": 0, "source": "wucheng", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "是以聖人欲上人以其言下之，欲先人以其身後之", "kind": "note", "text": "言下之，卑屈其言而不尊高；身後之，退卻其身而不前進。此聖人謙讓盛德，非有心於上人先人為之，讀者不以辭害意可也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "吳澄《道德真經注》（《道藏》本卷四）", "textSimp": "言下之，卑屈其言而不尊高；身后之，退却其身而不前进。此圣人谦让盛德，非有心于上人先人为之，读者不以辞害意可也。", "citationFull": "吳澄《道德真經注》（《道藏》本卷四）", "citationSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》（《道藏》本卷四）", "lemmaSimp": "是以圣人欲上人以其言下之，欲先人以其身后之" }, { "id": "c035", "block": 0, "source": "wucheng", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "是以處上而人不重，處前而人不害", "kind": "note", "text": "重，難也；害，患也。聖人能下之後之，處人之上下人以為難，處人之前人不以為患。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "吳澄《道德真經注》（《道藏》本卷四）", "textSimp": "重，难也；害，患也。圣人能下之后之，处人之上下人以为难，处人之前人不以为患。", "citationFull": "吳澄《道德真經注》（《道藏》本卷四）", "citationSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》（《道藏》本卷四）", "lemmaSimp": "是以处上而人不重，处前而人不害" }, { "id": "c036", "block": 0, "source": "wucheng", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "是以天下樂推而不厭，以其不爭，故天下莫能與之爭", "kind": "note", "text": "天下樂於推戴，使之處上處前而不厭惡，蓋以其卑抑退遜不爭處上處前，故天下之人莫能與之爭上爭先者，而聖人得位得時，竟得以上人先人也。董氏曰：德下之則形上矣，德後之則形先矣。揚雄云：自下者人高之，自後者人先之。", "authorNote": "吳澄以此章為其第五十六章。", "citation": "吳澄《道德真經注》（《道藏》本卷四）", "textSimp": "天下乐于推戴，使之处上处前而不厌恶，盖以其卑抑退逊不争处上处前，故天下之人莫能与之争上争先者，而圣人得位得时，竟得以上人先人也。董氏曰：德下之则形上矣，德后之则形先矣。扬雄云：自下者人高之，自后者人先之。", "citationFull": "吳澄《道德真經注》（《道藏》本卷四）（吳澄以此章為其第五十六章。）", "citationSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》（《道藏》本卷四）", "authorNoteSimp": "吴澄以此章为其第五十六章。", "lemmaSimp": "是以天下乐推而不厌，以其不争，故天下莫能与之争" }, { "id": "c037", "block": 0, "source": "hanshan", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "江海所以能為百谷王者，以其善下之，故能為百谷王", "kind": "note", "text": "此教君天下者，以無我之德，故天下歸之如水之就下也。百川之水，不拘淨穢，總歸於江海；江海而能容納之，以其善下也。此喻聖人在上，天下歸之，以其無我也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "釋德清《道德經解》（公開轉錄本）", "textSimp": "此教君天下者，以无我之德，故天下归之如水之就下也。百川之水，不拘净秽，总归于江海；江海而能容纳之，以其善下也。此喻圣人在上，天下归之，以其无我也。", "citationFull": "釋德清《道德經解》（公開轉錄本）", "citationSimp": "释德清《道德经解》（公开转录本）", "lemmaSimp": "江海所以能为百谷王者，以其善下之，故能为百谷王" }, { "id": "c038", "block": 0, "source": "hanshan", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "欲上民，必以言下之……處前而民不害", "kind": "note", "text": "欲上民，必以言下者。言者，心之聲也。故君天下者，尊為天子，聖人虛心應物，而不見其尊，故凡出言必謙下，如曰孤寡不穀，不以尊陵天下也。欲先人，必以身後之者。身者，心之表也。君天下者，貴為天子，天下推之以為先，聖人忘己與人，而不自見有其貴，故凡於物欲，澹然無所嗜好，不以一己之養害天下也。重者，猶不堪也。是則聖人之心，有天下而不與，故雖處上而民自堪命，不以為重；雖處前而民自遂生，不以為害。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "釋德清《道德經解》（公開轉錄本）", "textSimp": "欲上民，必以言下者。言者，心之声也。故君天下者，尊为天子，圣人虚心应物，而不见其尊，故凡出言必谦下，如曰孤寡不谷，不以尊陵天下也。欲先人，必以身后之者。身者，心之表也。君天下者，贵为天子，天下推之以为先，圣人忘己与人，而不自见有其贵，故凡于物欲，澹然无所嗜好，不以一己之养害天下也。重者，犹不堪也。是则圣人之心，有天下而不与，故虽处上而民自堪命，不以为重；虽处前而民自遂生，不以为害。", "citationFull": "釋德清《道德經解》（公開轉錄本）", "citationSimp": "释德清《道德经解》（公开转录本）", "lemmaSimp": "欲上民，必以言下之……处前而民不害" }, { "id": "c039", "block": 0, "source": "hanshan", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "是以天下樂推而不厭……故天下莫能與之爭", "kind": "note", "text": "此所以天下樂推而不厭。蓋無我之至，乃不爭之德也。此爭非爭鬥之謂，蓋言心不馳競於物也。以其不爭，故天下莫能與之爭。莊子所謂兼忘天下易，使天下忘己難。此則能使天下忘己，故莫能與之爭耳。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "釋德清《道德經解》（公開轉錄本）", "textSimp": "此所以天下乐推而不厌。盖无我之至，乃不争之德也。此争非争斗之谓，盖言心不驰竞于物也。以其不争，故天下莫能与之争。庄子所谓兼忘天下易，使天下忘己难。此则能使天下忘己，故莫能与之争耳。", "citationFull": "釋德清《道德經解》（公開轉錄本）", "citationSimp": "释德清《道德经解》（公开转录本）", "lemmaSimp": "是以天下乐推而不厌……故天下莫能与之争" }, { "id": "c040", "block": 0, "source": "weiyuan", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "江海為百谷王章", "kind": "note", "text": "惟下乃大，老氏宗旨也。天下歸往之謂王，百川歸會之謂海。人知王之至尊，而不知所以尊者，由其至大；所以能成其大者，由其能下而無不容也。汝惟不矜，天下莫與汝爭能；汝惟不伐，天下莫與汝爭功。使天下忘其上且先，而爭樂推之使上、推之使先，斯道也可謂大矣。", "authorNote": "魏源合此章與《天下皆謂》章前三句為其第五十七章；公開轉錄本「天下」誤作「天丁」、「肖乎」誤作「肯乎」，今正。", "citation": "魏源《老子本義》（下篇，公開轉錄本）", "textSimp": "惟下乃大，老氏宗旨也。天下归往之谓王，百川归会之谓海。人知王之至尊，而不知所以尊者，由其至大；所以能成其大者，由其能下而无不容也。汝惟不矜，天下莫与汝争能；汝惟不伐，天下莫与汝争功。使天下忘其上且先，而争乐推之使上、推之使先，斯道也可谓大矣。", "citationFull": "魏源《老子本義》（下篇，公開轉錄本）（魏源合此章與《天下皆謂》章前三句為其第五十七章；公開轉錄本「天下」誤作「天丁」、「肖乎」誤作「肯乎」，今正。）", "citationSimp": "魏源《老子本义》（下篇，公开转录本）", "authorNoteSimp": "魏源合此章与《天下皆谓》章前三句为其第五十七章；公开转录本「天下」误作「天丁」、「肖乎」误作「肯乎」，今正。", "lemmaSimp": "江海为百谷王章" }, { "id": "c041", "block": 0, "source": "wangfuzhi", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "江海為百谷王章", "kind": "note", "text": "未易下，尤未易「善下」，故天下之為江海者鮮矣：將欲抑之，而激之必亢；將欲浚之，而祗以不平。而不但此也。獨立而為物所歸，則積之必厚；積厚而無所輸，則欲抑之、浚之而不能。故唯江海者，「善下」者也。江則有海，海則有尾閭。聖人有善，則過而不留。受天下之歸而自不饜，天下亦孰得而厭之？故返息於踵，返踵於天，照之以自然，而推移其宿氣，乃入於「寥天一」。", "authorNote": "王夫之標「六十六章」；公開轉錄本「江誨」當作「江海」，今正。", "citation": "王夫之《老子衍》（公開轉錄本）", "textSimp": "未易下，尤未易「善下」，故天下之为江海者鲜矣：将欲抑之，而激之必亢；将欲浚之，而祗以不平。而不但此也。独立而为物所归，则积之必厚；积厚而无所输，则欲抑之、浚之而不能。故唯江海者，「善下」者也。江则有海，海则有尾闾。圣人有善，则过而不留。受天下之归而自不餍，天下亦孰得而厌之？故返息于踵，返踵于天，照之以自然，而推移其宿气，乃入于「寥天一」。", "citationFull": "王夫之《老子衍》（公開轉錄本）（王夫之標「六十六章」；公開轉錄本「江誨」當作「江海」，今正。）", "citationSimp": "王夫之《老子衍》（公开转录本）", "authorNoteSimp": "王夫之标「六十六章」；公开转录本「江诲」当作「江海」，今正。", "lemmaSimp": "江海为百谷王章" }, { "id": "c042", "block": 0, "source": "wangfuzhi", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "處上而民不重", "kind": "note", "text": "人不重，重仍在己也。凡上輕下重。處上而不以重授人，唯聖人為然。", "authorNote": "王夫之夾注。", "citation": "王夫之《老子衍》（公開轉錄本）", "textSimp": "人不重，重仍在己也。凡上轻下重。处上而不以重授人，唯圣人为然。", "citationFull": "王夫之《老子衍》（公開轉錄本）（王夫之夾注。）", "citationSimp": "王夫之《老子衍》（公开转录本）", "authorNoteSimp": "王夫之夹注。", "lemmaSimp": "处上而民不重" } ], "charNotes": [ { "id": "n001", "sentenceId": "s001", "start": 6, "end": 9, "char": "百谷王", "charSimp": "百谷王", "startSimp": 6, "endSimp": 9, "pinyin": "bǎi gǔ wáng", "gloss": "百川所歸往之王。谷，水流之谿谷。", "glossSimp": "百川所归往之王。谷，水流之谿谷。", "general": "河上公謂江海以卑下故眾流歸之若民歸就王；成玄英以王為往、百谷猶百川，江海善居窪下而為百川所往；御注謂百川委輸歸往；御疏引《易》地道變盈而流謙；李榮謂海處卑下故為百谷之王；陸希聲謂謙之為德卑以自牧、江海以謙為德而為百谷所歸往；呂惠卿謂能為天下王者亦善下之而已；吳澄謂百谷之水同歸江海如天下之人同歸一王；憨山謂百川不拘淨穢總歸江海；魏源謂百川歸會之謂海；王夫之謂江則有海、海則有尾閭。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓江海以卑下故众流归之若民归就王；成玄英以王为往、百谷犹百川，江海善居洼下而为百川所往；御注谓百川委输归往；御疏引《易》地道变盈而流谦；李荣谓海处卑下故为百谷之王；陆希声谓谦之为德卑以自牧、江海以谦为德而为百谷所归往；吕惠卿谓能为天下王者亦善下之而已；吴澄谓百谷之水同归江海如天下之人同归一王；憨山谓百川不拘净秽总归江海；魏源谓百川归会之谓海；王夫之谓江则有海、海则有尾闾。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c001", "c002", "c013", "c018", "c022", "c027", "c030", "c031", "c033", "c037", "c040", "c041" ], "refsSimp": [ "c001", "c002", "c013", "c018", "c022", "c027", "c030", "c031", "c033", "c037", "c040", "c041" ] }, { "id": "n002", "sentenceId": "s001", "start": 13, "end": 15, "char": "善下", "charSimp": "善下", "startSimp": 13, "endSimp": 15, "pinyin": "shàn xià", "gloss": "善於處在低下。", "glossSimp": "善于处在低下。", "general": "河上公謂江海以卑下故眾流歸之；成玄英謂善居窪下之地，人能退身謙下虛柔容物則為蒼生所歸；御注謂善能卑下之故百川朝宗；御疏謂善居下流所致；李榮謂海處卑下；陸希聲謂卑以自牧；呂惠卿謂玄德即下下之道；吳澄謂江海之委在水下流能下眾水；憨山謂江海能容納百川以其善下；魏源謂能成其大由其能下而無不容；王夫之謂未易下尤未易善下。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓江海以卑下故众流归之；成玄英谓善居洼下之地，人能退身谦下虚柔容物则为苍生所归；御注谓善能卑下之故百川朝宗；御疏谓善居下流所致；李荣谓海处卑下；陆希声谓卑以自牧；吕惠卿谓玄德即下下之道；吴澄谓江海之委在水下流能下众水；憨山谓江海能容纳百川以其善下；魏源谓能成其大由其能下而无不容；王夫之谓未易下尤未易善下。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c001", "c013", "c018", "c022", "c027", "c030", "c031", "c033", "c037", "c040", "c041" ], "refsSimp": [ "c001", "c013", "c018", "c022", "c027", "c030", "c031", "c033", "c037", "c040", "c041" ] }, { "id": "n003", "sentenceId": "s002", "start": 5, "end": 7, "char": "上民", "charSimp": "上民", "startSimp": 5, "endSimp": 7, "pinyin": "shàng mín", "gloss": "居於人民之上。諸本或作「上人」。", "glossSimp": "居于人民之上。诸本或作「上人」。", "general": "河上公謂欲在民之上；成玄英謂欲令一切眾生居己之上；御注以謙為德柄、言謙下之則百姓欣戴；御疏謂聖人知滿必招損，言則謙柔名則孤寡；李榮謂謙居物下有德故推之為上；陸希聲謂聖人以謙為德故為天下所先上；呂惠卿謂以孤寡不穀為稱、受國之垢與不祥；蘇轍謂聖人非欲上人；吳澄謂非有心於上人先人；憨山謂出言必謙下如孤寡不穀；魏源謂使天下忘其上。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓欲在民之上；成玄英谓欲令一切众生居己之上；御注以谦为德柄、言谦下之则百姓欣戴；御疏谓圣人知满必招损，言则谦柔名则孤寡；李荣谓谦居物下有德故推之为上；陆希声谓圣人以谦为德故为天下所先上；吕惠卿谓以孤寡不谷为称、受国之垢与不祥；苏辙谓圣人非欲上人；吴澄谓非有心于上人先人；憨山谓出言必谦下如孤寡不谷；魏源谓使天下忘其上。", "variants": [ "上人" ], "variantsSimp": [ "上人" ], "refs": [ "c003", "c014", "c019", "c023", "c028", "c030", "c031", "c032", "c034", "c038", "c040" ], "refsSimp": [ "c003", "c014", "c019", "c023", "c028", "c030", "c031", "c032", "c034", "c038", "c040" ] }, { "id": "n004", "sentenceId": "s002", "start": 10, "end": 13, "char": "言下之", "charSimp": "言下之", "startSimp": 10, "endSimp": 13, "pinyin": "yán xià zhī", "gloss": "以言辭對人謙下。", "glossSimp": "以言辞对人谦下。", "general": "河上公謂法江海處謙虛下；成玄英謂言說柔和恒自謙下；御注謂以言謙下之則百姓欣戴；御疏謂言則謙柔、名則孤寡；李榮謂謙居物下；陸希聲謂聖人以謙為德；呂惠卿謂孤寡不穀、受國之垢與不祥；蘇轍謂下之後之；吳澄謂卑屈其言而不尊高；憨山謂言者心之聲，虛心應物故出言必謙下。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓法江海处谦虚下；成玄英谓言说柔和恒自谦下；御注谓以言谦下之则百姓欣戴；御疏谓言则谦柔、名则孤寡；李荣谓谦居物下；陆希声谓圣人以谦为德；吕惠卿谓孤寡不谷、受国之垢与不祥；苏辙谓下之后之；吴澄谓卑屈其言而不尊高；憨山谓言者心之声，虚心应物故出言必谦下。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c004", "c014", "c019", "c023", "c028", "c030", "c031", "c032", "c034", "c038" ], "refsSimp": [ "c004", "c014", "c019", "c023", "c028", "c030", "c031", "c032", "c034", "c038" ] }, { "id": "n005", "sentenceId": "s002", "start": 20, "end": 23, "char": "身後之", "charSimp": "身后之", "startSimp": 20, "endSimp": 23, "pinyin": "shēn hòu zhī", "gloss": "把自身放在人後。", "glossSimp": "把自身放在人后。", "general": "河上公謂先人而後己；成玄英謂退身居物之後、守退翻進；御注謂以身退後之則百姓子來；御疏謂撝謙後己、先物物自先之；李榮謂退身度人懷道故尊之在先；陸希聲謂聖人豈欲先上、天下樂推；呂惠卿謂迫而後動、感而後應、不得已而後起；蘇轍謂下之後之其道不得不上且先；吳澄謂退卻其身而不前進；憨山謂身者心之表、忘己與人。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓先人而后己；成玄英谓退身居物之后、守退翻进；御注谓以身退后之则百姓子来；御疏谓㧑谦后己、先物物自先之；李荣谓退身度人怀道故尊之在先；陆希声谓圣人岂欲先上、天下乐推；吕惠卿谓迫而后动、感而后应、不得已而后起；苏辙谓下之后之其道不得不上且先；吴澄谓退却其身而不前进；憨山谓身者心之表、忘己与人。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c006", "c015", "c019", "c023", "c028", "c030", "c031", "c032", "c034", "c038" ], "refsSimp": [ "c006", "c015", "c019", "c023", "c028", "c030", "c031", "c032", "c034", "c038" ] }, { "id": "n006", "sentenceId": "s003", "start": 8, "end": 10, "char": "不重", "charSimp": "不重", "startSimp": 8, "endSimp": 10, "pinyin": "bù zhòng", "gloss": "不覺得沉重、不以為負擔。", "glossSimp": "不觉得沉重、不以为负担。", "general": "河上公謂聖人在民上為主不以尊貴虐下，故民戴仰不以為重；成玄英謂輕徭薄賦、恩覃萬物故百姓荷戴而不辭；御注謂言謙下之故處上而人不以為重；御疏謂勞身逸人、薄己厚物，在上人得以生故不以為重；李榮謂百姓樂戴不以為重；呂惠卿謂不重則以戴之為輕；吳澄謂重為難、能下之後之處人上人不以為難；憨山謂有天下而不與故民自堪命；王夫之謂人不重、重仍在己也。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓圣人在民上为主不以尊贵虐下，故民戴仰不以为重；成玄英谓轻徭薄赋、恩覃万物故百姓荷戴而不辞；御注谓言谦下之故处上而人不以为重；御疏谓劳身逸人、薄己厚物，在上人得以生故不以为重；李荣谓百姓乐戴不以为重；吕惠卿谓不重则以戴之为轻；吴澄谓重为难、能下之后之处人上人不以为难；憨山谓有天下而不与故民自堪命；王夫之谓人不重、重仍在己也。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c007", "c016", "c019", "c024", "c028", "c031", "c035", "c038", "c042" ], "refsSimp": [ "c007", "c016", "c019", "c024", "c028", "c031", "c035", "c038", "c042" ] }, { "id": "n007", "sentenceId": "s003", "start": 15, "end": 17, "char": "不害", "charSimp": "不害", "startSimp": 15, "endSimp": 17, "pinyin": "bù hài", "gloss": "不覺得受害。", "glossSimp": "不觉得受害。", "general": "河上公謂聖人在民前不以光明蔽後，民親之若父母無有欲害之者；成玄英謂民歌擊壤、宇內清夷，利物弘多而無損害；御注謂身退後之故處前而人不以為害；御疏謂處前人得以理故不以為害；李榮謂人皆忠孝誰有害心；呂惠卿謂不害則以從之為利；吳澄謂害為患、處人之前人不以為患；憨山謂民自遂生不以為害。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓圣人在民前不以光明蔽后，民亲之若父母无有欲害之者；成玄英谓民歌击壤、宇内清夷，利物弘多而无损害；御注谓身退后之故处前而人不以为害；御疏谓处前人得以理故不以为害；李荣谓人皆忠孝谁有害心；吕惠卿谓不害则以从之为利；吴澄谓害为患、处人之前人不以为患；憨山谓民自遂生不以为害。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c008", "c016", "c019", "c024", "c028", "c031", "c035", "c038" ], "refsSimp": [ "c008", "c016", "c019", "c024", "c028", "c031", "c035", "c038" ] }, { "id": "n008", "sentenceId": "s004", "start": 4, "end": 6, "char": "樂推", "charSimp": "乐推", "startSimp": 4, "endSimp": 6, "pinyin": "lè tuī", "gloss": "樂於推舉。", "glossSimp": "乐于推举。", "general": "河上公謂聖人恩深愛厚視民如赤子，故天下樂共推進以為主；成玄英謂百姓樂推在前；御注謂不重不害故天下樂推崇為之主；御疏謂弘濟無私、與物為春；李榮謂有道者人皆樂推；陸希聲謂天下樂推而不厭；呂惠卿謂不重不害故天下樂推；吳澄謂天下樂於推戴；憨山謂無我之至故天下樂推；魏源謂使天下爭樂推之使上。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓圣人恩深爱厚视民如赤子，故天下乐共推进以为主；成玄英谓百姓乐推在前；御注谓不重不害故天下乐推崇为之主；御疏谓弘济无私、与物为春；李荣谓有道者人皆乐推；陆希声谓天下乐推而不厌；吕惠卿谓不重不害故天下乐推；吴澄谓天下乐于推戴；憨山谓无我之至故天下乐推；魏源谓使天下争乐推之使上。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c009", "c017", "c020", "c025", "c029", "c030", "c031", "c036", "c039", "c040" ], "refsSimp": [ "c009", "c017", "c020", "c025", "c029", "c030", "c031", "c036", "c039", "c040" ] }, { "id": "n009", "sentenceId": "s004", "start": 7, "end": 9, "char": "不厭", "charSimp": "不厌", "startSimp": 7, "endSimp": 9, "pinyin": "bù yàn", "gloss": "不厭倦。", "glossSimp": "不厌倦。", "general": "河上公謂天下樂共推進以為主無有厭之者；成玄英謂百姓樂推在前而不厭倦；御注謂樂推崇為之主而不厭倦；御疏謂樂推崇而無厭倦；李榮謂有道者人皆樂推；陸希聲謂天下樂推而不厭；呂惠卿謂不重不害故樂推不厭；吳澄謂推戴而不厭惡；憨山謂天下樂推而不厭；王夫之謂受天下之歸而自不饜，天下亦孰得而厭之。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓天下乐共推进以为主无有厌之者；成玄英谓百姓乐推在前而不厌倦；御注谓乐推崇为之主而不厌倦；御疏谓乐推崇而无厌倦；李荣谓有道者人皆乐推；陆希声谓天下乐推而不厌；吕惠卿谓不重不害故乐推不厌；吴澄谓推戴而不厌恶；憨山谓天下乐推而不厌；王夫之谓受天下之归而自不餍，天下亦孰得而厌之。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c009", "c017", "c020", "c025", "c029", "c030", "c031", "c036", "c039", "c041" ], "refsSimp": [ "c009", "c017", "c020", "c025", "c029", "c030", "c031", "c036", "c039", "c041" ] }, { "id": "n010", "sentenceId": "s005", "start": 2, "end": 4, "char": "不爭", "charSimp": "不争", "startSimp": 2, "endSimp": 4, "pinyin": "bù zhēng", "gloss": "不與人爭先後。", "glossSimp": "不与人争先后。", "general": "河上公謂聖人不與人爭先後，人皆有為無能與吾爭無為；成玄英謂謙和不與物爭、違順平等是非永息；御注謂聖人謙退不與物爭；御疏謂言下身後、不與物爭先；李榮謂行揖讓之風、順萬物之化；陸希聲引《書》汝唯不爭故天下莫與汝爭能；呂惠卿謂言下身後則不爭，非體玄德者不能；吳澄謂卑抑退遜不爭；憨山謂無我之至乃不爭之德，爭非爭鬥謂心不馳競於物；魏源謂使天下忘其上先；王夫之謂受天下之歸而自不饜。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓圣人不与人争先后，人皆有为无能与吾争无为；成玄英谓谦和不与物争、违顺平等是非永息；御注谓圣人谦退不与物争；御疏谓言下身后、不与物争先；李荣谓行揖让之风、顺万物之化；陆希声引《书》汝唯不争故天下莫与汝争能；吕惠卿谓言下身后则不争，非体玄德者不能；吴澄谓卑抑退逊不争；憨山谓无我之至乃不争之德，争非争斗谓心不驰竞于物；魏源谓使天下忘其上先；王夫之谓受天下之归而自不餍。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c010", "c011", "c017", "c021", "c026", "c029", "c030", "c031", "c036", "c039", "c040", "c041" ], "refsSimp": [ "c010", "c011", "c017", "c021", "c026", "c029", "c030", "c031", "c036", "c039", "c040", "c041" ] } ], "glossary": { "後己": "河上公本章章題。", "後己第六十六": "河上公本章章題全稱。", "後巳": "四部叢刊本此章章題異寫，即「後己」。", "江海為百谷王章": "《玄德纂疏》、呂惠卿、蘇轍本章章題。", "江海為百谷王章第六十六": "《玄德纂疏》、呂惠卿、蘇轍本章章題全稱。", "百谷王": "百川所歸往之王。谷，水流之谿谷。", "善下": "善於處在低下。", "上民": "居於人民之上。諸本或作「上人」。", "言下之": "以言辭對人謙下。", "身後之": "把自身放在人後。", "不重": "不覺得沉重、不以為負擔。", "不害": "不覺得受害。", "樂推": "樂於推舉。", "不厭": "不厭倦。", "不爭": "不與人爭先後。", "尾閭": "王夫之語，海水排泄之所。", "寥天一": "王夫之語，謂與天合一之境。", "玄聖素王": "呂惠卿引莊周語，謂有玄德而無王位者。", "玄德升聞": "呂惠卿引《書》舜事，謂玄德上聞於天。", "卑以自牧": "陸希聲引《易》語，謂以謙卑自養。", "孤寡不穀": "君主自稱之謙辭，見呂惠卿、憨山注。", "受國之垢": "呂惠卿語，謂承當國家的垢辱。", "撝謙": "御疏語，謂謙遜。", "子來": "御疏語，謂百姓如子女般歸附。", "擊壤": "成英語，謂百姓安樂，擊壤而歌。", "違順平等": "成英語，謂是非雙遣、違順不二。", "兼忘天下易，使天下忘己難": "憨山引莊子語，謂聖人能使天下忘己。", "金人銘": "魏源引古銘文，戒矜伐。", "董氏": "吳澄引董思靖語。", "揚雄": "吳澄、魏源引揚雄語。", "四部叢刊本": "河上公此章所用底本。", "玄德纂疏": "唐道教類書，存成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮等佚文。", "指歸": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》。", "輯文": "輯錄佚文。" }, "collations": [ { "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "章次與章題", "text": "王弼本無章題。河上公題「後己第六十六」，四部叢刊本作「後巳」；《玄德纂疏》、呂惠卿、蘇轍題「江海為百谷王章第六十六」；吳澄以此章為其第五十六章；魏源合此章與《天下皆謂》章前三句為其第五十七章；王夫之標「六十六章」。本站從王弼本分章。", "source": "河上公《老子道德經章句》、王弼《老子道德經注》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》、王夫之《老子衍》", "textSimp": "王弼本无章题。河上公题「后己第六十六」，四部丛刊本作「后巳」；《玄德纂疏》、吕惠卿、苏辙题「江海为百谷王章第六十六」；吴澄以此章为其第五十六章；魏源合此章与《天下皆谓》章前三句为其第五十七章；王夫之标「六十六章」。本站从王弼本分章。", "headwordSimp": "章次与章题", "sourceSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》、王弼《老子道德经注》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、李荣《道德真经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》、王夫之《老子衍》", "id": "k001" }, { "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "「上民」「必以言下之」與「上人」「以其言下之」", "text": "王弼、河上公、憨山、魏源、王夫之作「上民」「必以言下之」「必以身」「民不重」「民不害」；成玄英、唐玄宗、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄作「上人」「以其言下之」「以其身」「人不重」「人不害」；李榮作「上民」「以其言」「人不重」而「民不害」。本站從王弼。", "source": "河上公《老子道德經章句》、王弼《老子道德經注》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》、王夫之《老子衍》", "textSimp": "王弼、河上公、憨山、魏源、王夫之作「上民」「必以言下之」「必以身」「民不重」「民不害」；成玄英、唐玄宗、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄作「上人」「以其言下之」「以其身」「人不重」「人不害」；李荣作「上民」「以其言」「人不重」而「民不害」。本站从王弼。", "headwordSimp": "「上民」「必以言下之」与「上人」「以其言下之」", "sourceSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》、王弼《老子道德经注》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、李荣《道德真经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》、王夫之《老子衍》", "id": "k002" }, { "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "「民不重」「民不害」與「人不重」「人不害」", "text": "王弼、河上公、憨山、魏源、王夫之作「民不重」「民不害」；成玄英、唐玄宗、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄作「人不重」「人不害」；李榮作「人不重」而「民不害」。本站從王弼。", "source": "河上公《老子道德經章句》、王弼《老子道德經注》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》、王夫之《老子衍》", "textSimp": "王弼、河上公、憨山、魏源、王夫之作「民不重」「民不害」；成玄英、唐玄宗、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄作「人不重」「人不害」；李荣作「人不重」而「民不害」。本站从王弼。", "headwordSimp": "「民不重」「民不害」与「人不重」「人不害」", "sourceSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》、王弼《老子道德经注》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、李荣《道德真经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》、王夫之《老子衍》", "id": "k003" }, { "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "魏源本無「聖人」二字", "text": "王弼、河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山、王夫之皆有「是以聖人欲上民（人）」；魏源本作「是以欲上民，必以言下之；欲先民，必以身後之」，無「聖人」二字，而以「聖人」屬下句「是以聖人處上而民不重」。魏源校記謂他本「聖人」在「欲上民」上「不無語弊」。本站從王弼。", "source": "王弼《老子道德經注》、河上公《老子道德經章句》、魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "王弼、河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、憨山、王夫之皆有「是以圣人欲上民（人）」；魏源本作「是以欲上民，必以言下之；欲先民，必以身后之」，无「圣人」二字，而以「圣人」属下句「是以圣人处上而民不重」。魏源校记谓他本「圣人」在「欲上民」上「不无语弊」。本站从王弼。", "headwordSimp": "魏源本无「圣人」二字", "sourceSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》、河上公《老子道德经章句》、魏源《老子本义》", "id": "k004" }, { "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "吳澄「善下之也」與魏源校記諸異文", "text": "吳澄作「以其善下之也」，多一「也」字，諸本無；魏源校記云此章字句皆從王弼本，他本或以「聖人」在「欲上民」上、或作「以其言下之」「以其身後之」、或四「民」字並作「人」、或作「居前而人不能害」，又云傅奕作「處之上」「處之前」，河上作「處民上」「處民前」。本站從王弼。", "source": "吳澄《道德真經注》、魏源《老子本義》、王弼《老子道德經注》、河上公《老子道德經章句》", "textSimp": "吴澄作「以其善下之也」，多一「也」字，诸本无；魏源校记云此章字句皆从王弼本，他本或以「圣人」在「欲上民」上、或作「以其言下之」「以其身后之」、或四「民」字并作「人」、或作「居前而人不能害」，又云傅奕作「处之上」「处之前」，河上作「处民上」「处民前」。本站从王弼。", "headwordSimp": "吴澄「善下之也」与魏源校记诸异文", "sourceSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》、魏源《老子本义》、王弼《老子道德经注》、河上公《老子道德经章句》", "id": "k005" }, { "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "李榮引經「以其無爭」", "text": "王弼、河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山、魏源正文作「以其不爭」；李榮注引經作「以其無爭」。本站從王弼作「不爭」。", "source": "河上公《老子道德經章句》、王弼《老子道德經注》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "王弼、河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、憨山、魏源正文作「以其不争」；李荣注引经作「以其无争」。本站从王弼作「不争」。", "headwordSimp": "李荣引经「以其无争」", "sourceSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》、王弼《老子道德经注》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、李荣《道德真经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》", "id": "k006" }, { "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "王弼注闕、出處與注數", "text": "王弼道藏本第六十六章經文後直接第六十七章，此章無注文，與第三十一章同例，故本站不列王弼注；嚴遵《指歸》此章亦無輯文。河上公據四部叢刊本；成玄英、唐玄宗御注御疏、李榮據《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引；陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄據《道藏》本卷四；憨山、魏源、王夫之據公開轉錄本。河上公十一條、成玄英章義一則與疏五條、唐玄宗御注四條、御疏五條、李榮三條、陸希聲一段、呂惠卿一段、蘇轍一條、吳澄四條、憨山一段（本站分三條）、魏源一段、王夫之二條。俞樾《諸子平議》此章未列。", "source": "河上公《老子道德經章句》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》、王夫之《老子衍》", "textSimp": "王弼道藏本第六十六章经文后直接第六十七章，此章无注文，与第三十一章同例，故本站不列王弼注；严遵《指归》此章亦无辑文。河上公据四部丛刊本；成玄英、唐玄宗御注御疏、李荣据《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引；陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄据《道藏》本卷四；憨山、魏源、王夫之据公开转录本。河上公十一条、成玄英章义一则与疏五条、唐玄宗御注四条、御疏五条、李荣三条、陆希声一段、吕惠卿一段、苏辙一条、吴澄四条、憨山一段（本站分三条）、魏源一段、王夫之二条。俞樾《诸子平议》此章未列。", "headwordSimp": "王弼注阙、出处与注数", "sourceSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、李荣《道德真经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》、王夫之《老子衍》", "id": "k007" } ], "glossarySimp": { "后己": "河上公本章章题。", "后己第六十六": "河上公本章章题全称。", "后巳": "四部丛刊本此章章题异写，即「后己」。", "江海为百谷王章": "《玄德纂疏》、吕惠卿、苏辙本章章题。", "江海为百谷王章第六十六": "《玄德纂疏》、吕惠卿、苏辙本章章题全称。", "百谷王": "百川所归往之王。谷，水流之谿谷。", "善下": "善于处在低下。", "上民": "居于人民之上。诸本或作「上人」。", "言下之": "以言辞对人谦下。", "身后之": "把自身放在人后。", "不重": "不觉得沉重、不以为负担。", "不害": "不觉得受害。", "乐推": "乐于推举。", "不厌": "不厌倦。", "不争": "不与人争先后。", "尾闾": "王夫之语，海水排泄之所。", "寥天一": "王夫之语，谓与天合一之境。", "玄圣素王": "吕惠卿引庄周语，谓有玄德而无王位者。", "玄德升闻": "吕惠卿引《书》舜事，谓玄德上闻于天。", "卑以自牧": "陆希声引《易》语，谓以谦卑自养。", "孤寡不谷": "君主自称之谦辞，见吕惠卿、憨山注。", "受国之垢": "吕惠卿语，谓承当国家的垢辱。", "㧑谦": "御疏语，谓谦逊。", "子来": "御疏语，谓百姓如子女般归附。", "击壤": "成英语，谓百姓安乐，击壤而歌。", "违顺平等": "成英语，谓是非双遣、违顺不二。", "兼忘天下易，使天下忘己难": "憨山引庄子语，谓圣人能使天下忘己。", "金人铭": "魏源引古铭文，戒矜伐。", "董氏": "吴澄引董思靖语。", "扬雄": "吴澄、魏源引扬雄语。", "四部丛刊本": "河上公此章所用底本。", "玄德纂疏": "唐道教类书，存成玄英、唐玄宗、李荣等佚文。", "指归": "严遵《道德真经指归》。", "辑文": "辑录佚文。" }, "lexicon": { "note": "由构建脚本从字词注与常用字表生成，供义位词典和开放数据集使用；occurrence 统计按繁体与简体正文分别匹配后合并。", "entries": [ { "order": 1, "id": "n001", "noteId": "n001", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "百谷王", 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"sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "善下", "headwordSimp": "善下", "pinyin": "shàn xià", "gloss": "善於處在低下。", "glossSimp": "善于处在低下。", "general": "河上公謂江海以卑下故眾流歸之；成玄英謂善居窪下之地，人能退身謙下虛柔容物則為蒼生所歸；御注謂善能卑下之故百川朝宗；御疏謂善居下流所致；李榮謂海處卑下；陸希聲謂卑以自牧；呂惠卿謂玄德即下下之道；吳澄謂江海之委在水下流能下眾水；憨山謂江海能容納百川以其善下；魏源謂能成其大由其能下而無不容；王夫之謂未易下尤未易善下。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓江海以卑下故众流归之；成玄英谓善居洼下之地，人能退身谦下虚柔容物则为苍生所归；御注谓善能卑下之故百川朝宗；御疏谓善居下流所致；李荣谓海处卑下；陆希声谓卑以自牧；吕惠卿谓玄德即下下之道；吴澄谓江海之委在水下流能下众水；憨山谓江海能容纳百川以其善下；魏源谓能成其大由其能下而无不容；王夫之谓未易下尤未易善下。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c001", "c013", "c018", "c022", "c027", "c030", "c031", "c033", "c037", "c040", "c041" ], "refsSimp": [ "c001", "c013", "c018", "c022", "c027", "c030", "c031", "c033", "c037", "c040", "c041" ], "forms": [ { "form": "善下", "formSimp": "善下", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 3, "id": "n003", "noteId": "n003", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "上民", "headwordSimp": "上民", "pinyin": "shàng mín", "gloss": "居於人民之上。諸本或作「上人」。", "glossSimp": "居于人民之上。诸本或作「上人」。", "general": "河上公謂欲在民之上；成玄英謂欲令一切眾生居己之上；御注以謙為德柄、言謙下之則百姓欣戴；御疏謂聖人知滿必招損，言則謙柔名則孤寡；李榮謂謙居物下有德故推之為上；陸希聲謂聖人以謙為德故為天下所先上；呂惠卿謂以孤寡不穀為稱、受國之垢與不祥；蘇轍謂聖人非欲上人；吳澄謂非有心於上人先人；憨山謂出言必謙下如孤寡不穀；魏源謂使天下忘其上。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓欲在民之上；成玄英谓欲令一切众生居己之上；御注以谦为德柄、言谦下之则百姓欣戴；御疏谓圣人知满必招损，言则谦柔名则孤寡；李荣谓谦居物下有德故推之为上；陆希声谓圣人以谦为德故为天下所先上；吕惠卿谓以孤寡不谷为称、受国之垢与不祥；苏辙谓圣人非欲上人；吴澄谓非有心于上人先人；憨山谓出言必谦下如孤寡不谷；魏源谓使天下忘其上。", "variants": [ "上人" ], "variantsSimp": [ "上人" ], "refs": [ "c003", "c014", "c019", "c023", "c028", "c030", "c031", "c032", "c034", "c038", "c040" ], "refsSimp": [ "c003", "c014", "c019", "c023", "c028", "c030", "c031", "c032", "c034", "c038", "c040" ], "forms": [ { "form": "上民", "formSimp": "上民", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 4, "id": "n004", "noteId": "n004", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "言下之", "headwordSimp": "言下之", "pinyin": "yán xià zhī", "gloss": "以言辭對人謙下。", "glossSimp": "以言辞对人谦下。", "general": "河上公謂法江海處謙虛下；成玄英謂言說柔和恒自謙下；御注謂以言謙下之則百姓欣戴；御疏謂言則謙柔、名則孤寡；李榮謂謙居物下；陸希聲謂聖人以謙為德；呂惠卿謂孤寡不穀、受國之垢與不祥；蘇轍謂下之後之；吳澄謂卑屈其言而不尊高；憨山謂言者心之聲，虛心應物故出言必謙下。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓法江海处谦虚下；成玄英谓言说柔和恒自谦下；御注谓以言谦下之则百姓欣戴；御疏谓言则谦柔、名则孤寡；李荣谓谦居物下；陆希声谓圣人以谦为德；吕惠卿谓孤寡不谷、受国之垢与不祥；苏辙谓下之后之；吴澄谓卑屈其言而不尊高；憨山谓言者心之声，虚心应物故出言必谦下。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c004", "c014", "c019", "c023", "c028", "c030", "c031", "c032", "c034", "c038" ], "refsSimp": [ "c004", "c014", "c019", "c023", "c028", "c030", "c031", "c032", "c034", "c038" ], "forms": [ { "form": "言下之", "formSimp": "言下之", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 5, "id": "n005", "noteId": "n005", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "身後之", "headwordSimp": "身后之", "pinyin": "shēn hòu zhī", "gloss": "把自身放在人後。", "glossSimp": "把自身放在人后。", "general": "河上公謂先人而後己；成玄英謂退身居物之後、守退翻進；御注謂以身退後之則百姓子來；御疏謂撝謙後己、先物物自先之；李榮謂退身度人懷道故尊之在先；陸希聲謂聖人豈欲先上、天下樂推；呂惠卿謂迫而後動、感而後應、不得已而後起；蘇轍謂下之後之其道不得不上且先；吳澄謂退卻其身而不前進；憨山謂身者心之表、忘己與人。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓先人而后己；成玄英谓退身居物之后、守退翻进；御注谓以身退后之则百姓子来；御疏谓㧑谦后己、先物物自先之；李荣谓退身度人怀道故尊之在先；陆希声谓圣人岂欲先上、天下乐推；吕惠卿谓迫而后动、感而后应、不得已而后起；苏辙谓下之后之其道不得不上且先；吴澄谓退却其身而不前进；憨山谓身者心之表、忘己与人。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c006", "c015", "c019", "c023", "c028", "c030", "c031", "c032", "c034", "c038" ], "refsSimp": [ "c006", "c015", "c019", "c023", "c028", "c030", "c031", "c032", "c034", "c038" ], "forms": [ { "form": "身後之", "formSimp": "身后之", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 6, "id": "n006", "noteId": "n006", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "不重", "headwordSimp": "不重", "pinyin": "bù zhòng", "gloss": "不覺得沉重、不以為負擔。", "glossSimp": "不觉得沉重、不以为负担。", "general": "河上公謂聖人在民上為主不以尊貴虐下，故民戴仰不以為重；成玄英謂輕徭薄賦、恩覃萬物故百姓荷戴而不辭；御注謂言謙下之故處上而人不以為重；御疏謂勞身逸人、薄己厚物，在上人得以生故不以為重；李榮謂百姓樂戴不以為重；呂惠卿謂不重則以戴之為輕；吳澄謂重為難、能下之後之處人上人不以為難；憨山謂有天下而不與故民自堪命；王夫之謂人不重、重仍在己也。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓圣人在民上为主不以尊贵虐下，故民戴仰不以为重；成玄英谓轻徭薄赋、恩覃万物故百姓荷戴而不辞；御注谓言谦下之故处上而人不以为重；御疏谓劳身逸人、薄己厚物，在上人得以生故不以为重；李荣谓百姓乐戴不以为重；吕惠卿谓不重则以戴之为轻；吴澄谓重为难、能下之后之处人上人不以为难；憨山谓有天下而不与故民自堪命；王夫之谓人不重、重仍在己也。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c007", "c016", "c019", "c024", "c028", "c031", "c035", "c038", "c042" ], "refsSimp": [ "c007", "c016", "c019", "c024", "c028", "c031", "c035", "c038", "c042" ], "forms": [ { "form": "不重", "formSimp": "不重", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 7, "id": "n007", "noteId": "n007", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "不害", "headwordSimp": "不害", "pinyin": "bù hài", "gloss": "不覺得受害。", "glossSimp": "不觉得受害。", "general": "河上公謂聖人在民前不以光明蔽後，民親之若父母無有欲害之者；成玄英謂民歌擊壤、宇內清夷，利物弘多而無損害；御注謂身退後之故處前而人不以為害；御疏謂處前人得以理故不以為害；李榮謂人皆忠孝誰有害心；呂惠卿謂不害則以從之為利；吳澄謂害為患、處人之前人不以為患；憨山謂民自遂生不以為害。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓圣人在民前不以光明蔽后，民亲之若父母无有欲害之者；成玄英谓民歌击壤、宇内清夷，利物弘多而无损害；御注谓身退后之故处前而人不以为害；御疏谓处前人得以理故不以为害；李荣谓人皆忠孝谁有害心；吕惠卿谓不害则以从之为利；吴澄谓害为患、处人之前人不以为患；憨山谓民自遂生不以为害。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c008", "c016", "c019", "c024", "c028", "c031", "c035", "c038" ], "refsSimp": [ "c008", "c016", "c019", "c024", "c028", "c031", "c035", "c038" ], "forms": [ { "form": "不害", "formSimp": "不害", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 8, "id": "n008", "noteId": "n008", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "樂推", "headwordSimp": "乐推", "pinyin": "lè tuī", "gloss": "樂於推舉。", "glossSimp": "乐于推举。", "general": "河上公謂聖人恩深愛厚視民如赤子，故天下樂共推進以為主；成玄英謂百姓樂推在前；御注謂不重不害故天下樂推崇為之主；御疏謂弘濟無私、與物為春；李榮謂有道者人皆樂推；陸希聲謂天下樂推而不厭；呂惠卿謂不重不害故天下樂推；吳澄謂天下樂於推戴；憨山謂無我之至故天下樂推；魏源謂使天下爭樂推之使上。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓圣人恩深爱厚视民如赤子，故天下乐共推进以为主；成玄英谓百姓乐推在前；御注谓不重不害故天下乐推崇为之主；御疏谓弘济无私、与物为春；李荣谓有道者人皆乐推；陆希声谓天下乐推而不厌；吕惠卿谓不重不害故天下乐推；吴澄谓天下乐于推戴；憨山谓无我之至故天下乐推；魏源谓使天下争乐推之使上。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c009", "c017", "c020", "c025", "c029", "c030", "c031", "c036", "c039", "c040" ], "refsSimp": [ "c009", "c017", "c020", "c025", "c029", "c030", "c031", "c036", "c039", "c040" ], "forms": [ { "form": "樂推", "formSimp": "乐推", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 9, "id": "n009", "noteId": "n009", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "不厭", "headwordSimp": "不厌", "pinyin": "bù yàn", "gloss": "不厭倦。", "glossSimp": "不厌倦。", "general": "河上公謂天下樂共推進以為主無有厭之者；成玄英謂百姓樂推在前而不厭倦；御注謂樂推崇為之主而不厭倦；御疏謂樂推崇而無厭倦；李榮謂有道者人皆樂推；陸希聲謂天下樂推而不厭；呂惠卿謂不重不害故樂推不厭；吳澄謂推戴而不厭惡；憨山謂天下樂推而不厭；王夫之謂受天下之歸而自不饜，天下亦孰得而厭之。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓天下乐共推进以为主无有厌之者；成玄英谓百姓乐推在前而不厌倦；御注谓乐推崇为之主而不厌倦；御疏谓乐推崇而无厌倦；李荣谓有道者人皆乐推；陆希声谓天下乐推而不厌；吕惠卿谓不重不害故乐推不厌；吴澄谓推戴而不厌恶；憨山谓天下乐推而不厌；王夫之谓受天下之归而自不餍，天下亦孰得而厌之。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c009", "c017", "c020", "c025", "c029", "c030", "c031", "c036", "c039", "c041" ], "refsSimp": [ "c009", "c017", "c020", "c025", "c029", "c030", "c031", "c036", "c039", "c041" ], "forms": [ { "form": "不厭", "formSimp": "不厌", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 10, "id": "n010", "noteId": "n010", "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "不爭", "headwordSimp": "不争", "pinyin": "bù zhēng", "gloss": "不與人爭先後。", "glossSimp": "不与人争先后。", "general": "河上公謂聖人不與人爭先後，人皆有為無能與吾爭無為；成玄英謂謙和不與物爭、違順平等是非永息；御注謂聖人謙退不與物爭；御疏謂言下身後、不與物爭先；李榮謂行揖讓之風、順萬物之化；陸希聲引《書》汝唯不爭故天下莫與汝爭能；呂惠卿謂言下身後則不爭，非體玄德者不能；吳澄謂卑抑退遜不爭；憨山謂無我之至乃不爭之德，爭非爭鬥謂心不馳競於物；魏源謂使天下忘其上先；王夫之謂受天下之歸而自不饜。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓圣人不与人争先后，人皆有为无能与吾争无为；成玄英谓谦和不与物争、违顺平等是非永息；御注谓圣人谦退不与物争；御疏谓言下身后、不与物争先；李荣谓行揖让之风、顺万物之化；陆希声引《书》汝唯不争故天下莫与汝争能；吕惠卿谓言下身后则不争，非体玄德者不能；吴澄谓卑抑退逊不争；憨山谓无我之至乃不争之德，争非争斗谓心不驰竞于物；魏源谓使天下忘其上先；王夫之谓受天下之归而自不餍。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c010", "c011", "c017", "c021", "c026", "c029", "c030", "c031", "c036", "c039", "c040", "c041" ], "refsSimp": [ "c010", "c011", "c017", "c021", "c026", "c029", "c030", "c031", "c036", "c039", "c040", "c041" ], "forms": [ { "form": "不爭", "formSimp": "不争", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s005" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s005" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 } ], "glossaryEntries": [ { "order": 11, "id": "g001", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "後己", "headwordSimp": "后己", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "河上公本章章題。", "glossSimp": "河上公本章章题。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "後己", "formSimp": "后己", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 12, "id": "g002", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "後己第六十六", "headwordSimp": "后己第六十六", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "河上公本章章題全稱。", "glossSimp": "河上公本章章题全称。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "後己第六十六", "formSimp": "后己第六十六", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 13, "id": "g003", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "後巳", "headwordSimp": "后巳", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "四部叢刊本此章章題異寫，即「後己」。", "glossSimp": "四部丛刊本此章章题异写，即「后己」。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "後巳", "formSimp": "后巳", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 14, "id": "g004", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "江海為百谷王章", "headwordSimp": "江海为百谷王章", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "《玄德纂疏》、呂惠卿、蘇轍本章章題。", "glossSimp": "《玄德纂疏》、吕惠卿、苏辙本章章题。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "江海為百谷王章", "formSimp": "江海为百谷王章", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 15, "id": "g005", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "江海為百谷王章第六十六", "headwordSimp": "江海为百谷王章第六十六", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "《玄德纂疏》、呂惠卿、蘇轍本章章題全稱。", "glossSimp": "《玄德纂疏》、吕惠卿、苏辙本章章题全称。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "江海為百谷王章第六十六", "formSimp": "江海为百谷王章第六十六", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 16, "id": "g006", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "百谷王", "headwordSimp": "百谷王", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "百川所歸往之王。谷，水流之谿谷。", "glossSimp": "百川所归往之王。谷，水流之谿谷。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "百谷王", "formSimp": "百谷王", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 17, "id": "g007", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "善下", "headwordSimp": "善下", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "善於處在低下。", "glossSimp": "善于处在低下。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "善下", "formSimp": "善下", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 18, "id": "g008", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "上民", "headwordSimp": "上民", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "居於人民之上。諸本或作「上人」。", "glossSimp": "居于人民之上。诸本或作「上人」。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "上民", "formSimp": "上民", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 19, "id": "g009", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "言下之", "headwordSimp": "言下之", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "以言辭對人謙下。", "glossSimp": "以言辞对人谦下。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "言下之", "formSimp": "言下之", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 20, "id": "g010", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "身後之", "headwordSimp": "身后之", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "把自身放在人後。", "glossSimp": "把自身放在人后。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "身後之", "formSimp": "身后之", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 21, "id": "g011", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "不重", "headwordSimp": "不重", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "不覺得沉重、不以為負擔。", "glossSimp": "不觉得沉重、不以为负担。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "不重", "formSimp": "不重", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 22, "id": "g012", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "不害", "headwordSimp": "不害", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "不覺得受害。", "glossSimp": "不觉得受害。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "不害", "formSimp": "不害", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 23, "id": "g013", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "樂推", "headwordSimp": "乐推", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "樂於推舉。", "glossSimp": "乐于推举。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "樂推", "formSimp": "乐推", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 24, "id": "g014", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "不厭", "headwordSimp": "不厌", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "不厭倦。", "glossSimp": "不厌倦。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "不厭", "formSimp": "不厌", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 25, "id": "g015", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "不爭", "headwordSimp": "不争", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "不與人爭先後。", "glossSimp": "不与人争先后。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "不爭", "formSimp": "不争", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s005" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s005" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 26, "id": "g016", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "尾閭", "headwordSimp": "尾闾", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "王夫之語，海水排泄之所。", "glossSimp": "王夫之语，海水排泄之所。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "尾閭", "formSimp": "尾闾", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 27, "id": "g017", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "寥天一", "headwordSimp": "寥天一", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "王夫之語，謂與天合一之境。", "glossSimp": "王夫之语，谓与天合一之境。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "寥天一", "formSimp": "寥天一", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, 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"sentenceId": "", "headword": "卑以自牧", "headwordSimp": "卑以自牧", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "陸希聲引《易》語，謂以謙卑自養。", "glossSimp": "陆希声引《易》语，谓以谦卑自养。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "卑以自牧", "formSimp": "卑以自牧", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 31, "id": "g021", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "孤寡不穀", "headwordSimp": "孤寡不谷", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "君主自稱之謙辭，見呂惠卿、憨山注。", "glossSimp": "君主自称之谦辞，见吕惠卿、憨山注。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "孤寡不穀", "formSimp": "孤寡不谷", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 32, "id": "g022", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "受國之垢", "headwordSimp": "受国之垢", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "呂惠卿語，謂承當國家的垢辱。", "glossSimp": 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"kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 35, "id": "g025", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "擊壤", "headwordSimp": "击壤", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "成英語，謂百姓安樂，擊壤而歌。", "glossSimp": "成英语，谓百姓安乐，击壤而歌。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "擊壤", "formSimp": "击壤", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 36, "id": "g026", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "違順平等", "headwordSimp": "违顺平等", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "成英語，謂是非雙遣、違順不二。", "glossSimp": "成英语，谓是非双遣、违顺不二。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "違順平等", "formSimp": "违顺平等", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 37, "id": "g027", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "兼忘天下易，使天下忘己難", "headwordSimp": "兼忘天下易，使天下忘己难", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "憨山引莊子語，謂聖人能使天下忘己。", "glossSimp": "憨山引庄子语，谓圣人能使天下忘己。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "兼忘天下易，使天下忘己難", "formSimp": "兼忘天下易，使天下忘己难", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 38, "id": "g028", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "金人銘", "headwordSimp": "金人铭", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "魏源引古銘文，戒矜伐。", "glossSimp": "魏源引古铭文，戒矜伐。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "金人銘", "formSimp": "金人铭", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 39, "id": "g029", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "董氏", "headwordSimp": "董氏", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "吳澄引董思靖語。", "glossSimp": "吴澄引董思靖语。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "董氏", "formSimp": "董氏", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 40, "id": "g030", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "揚雄", "headwordSimp": "扬雄", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "吳澄、魏源引揚雄語。", "glossSimp": "吴澄、魏源引扬雄语。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "揚雄", "formSimp": "扬雄", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 41, "id": "g031", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "四部叢刊本", "headwordSimp": "四部丛刊本", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "河上公此章所用底本。", "glossSimp": "河上公此章所用底本。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "四部叢刊本", "formSimp": "四部丛刊本", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 42, "id": "g032", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "玄德纂疏", "headwordSimp": "玄德纂疏", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "唐道教類書，存成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮等佚文。", "glossSimp": "唐道教类书，存成玄英、唐玄宗、李荣等佚文。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "玄德纂疏", "formSimp": "玄德纂疏", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 43, "id": "g033", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "指歸", "headwordSimp": "指归", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》。", "glossSimp": "严遵《道德真经指归》。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "指歸", "formSimp": "指归", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 44, "id": "g034", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "輯文", "headwordSimp": "辑文", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "輯錄佚文。", "glossSimp": "辑录佚文。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "輯文", "formSimp": "辑文", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 } ] }, "relations": { "version": "1.0.0", "note": "第六十六章五句的十一家對照，為德經第二十九章。河上公此章據四部叢刊本《老子道德經》卷下；成玄英、唐玄宗御注御疏、李榮據《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引；陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄據《道藏》本卷四；憨山、魏源、王夫之據公開轉錄本。王弼此章注闕，嚴遵此章無輯文，俞樾《諸子平議》此章未列。河上公題「後己第六十六」，《玄德纂疏》、呂惠卿、蘇轍題「江海為百谷王章第六十六」；吳澄以此章為其第五十六章，魏源合此章與《天下皆謂》章前三句為其第五十七章，王夫之標「六十六章」。全章以江海善下發端：河上公就治身治國分釋，成玄英以舉譬、法說、結嘆三段疏解，唐玄宗以謙為德柄、知滿招損立說，李榮以海下為喻明聖人謙虛，陸希聲引《易》謙卦，呂惠卿以玄德即下下之道，蘇轍謂非欲上人先人而道自得上先，吳澄以同歸一王與卑抑退遜立說，憨山以無我之德貫串，魏源以惟下乃大為宗旨，王夫之則以善下、積厚、尾閭、寥天一推衍。諸家於「善下」「不爭」無異辭，而於「言下」「身後」究竟是有心謙讓還是無心自下，取徑不同。", "concepts": [ { "id": "jiang-hai-shan-xia", "name": "江海所以能為百谷王者，以其善下之", "nameTrad": "江海所以能為百谷王者，以其善下之", "question": "江海何以能為百谷王？「善下」是怎樣的德？", "questionTrad": "江海何以能為百谷王？「善下」是怎樣的德？", "intro": "此組聚於首句。河上公以江海卑下故眾流歸之若民歸就王，以卑下故能為百谷王，語最簡質。成玄英以王為往、百谷猶百川，江海善居窪下之地，人能退身謙下、虛柔容物則為蒼生所歸，將物理之喻轉為修身之法。唐玄宗御注以善能卑下故百川朝宗，御疏引《易》「地道變盈而流謙」，以地道用謙則百川委輸、聖人用謙則庶人子來，把江海之喻提升為天地之道。李榮以海處卑下故為百谷之王，明聖人謙虛方為萬國之主。陸希聲引《易》天道虧盈、地道變盈、鬼神害盈、人道惡盈四句，謂謙之為德卑以自牧，江海以謙為德而為百谷所歸往，聖人以謙為德故為天下所先上。呂惠卿以能為天下王者亦善下之而已，玄德即下下之道，引莊周玄聖素王、舜玄德升聞為證，謂以處下之道居人上乃所以下之。蘇轍雖不專釋此句，然謂聖人非欲上人先人，惟下之後之，其道不得不上且先，正可與善下之旨相發。吳澄以百谷之水同歸江海如天下之人同歸一王，江海之委在水下流能下眾水，故能兼受百谷之水為之王。憨山以無我之德釋之，百川不拘淨穢總歸江海，江海能容以其善下，喻聖人在上天下歸之以其無我。魏源以惟下乃大為老氏宗旨，天下歸往之謂王、百川歸會之謂海，能成其大由其能下而無不容。王夫之則謂未易下尤未易善下，將抑之而激之必亢、將浚之而祗以不平，獨立為物所歸則積之必厚，積厚而無所輸則欲抑浚而不能，故唯江海善下，江則有海、海則有尾閭，其說由物理而入於氣化。諸家或就治術、或就修身、或就謙德、或就無我、或就氣化立論，而皆以「下」為能王之本。", "introTrad": "此組聚於首句。河上公以江海卑下故眾流歸之若民歸就王，以卑下故能為百谷王，語最簡質。成玄英以王為往、百谷猶百川，江海善居窪下之地，人能退身謙下、虛柔容物則為蒼生所歸，將物理之喻轉為修身之法。唐玄宗御注以善能卑下故百川朝宗，御疏引《易》「地道變盈而流謙」，以地道用謙則百川委輸、聖人用謙則庶人子來，把江海之喻提升為天地之道。李榮以海處卑下故為百谷之王，明聖人謙虛方為萬國之主。陸希聲引《易》天道虧盈、地道變盈、鬼神害盈、人道惡盈四句，謂謙之為德卑以自牧，江海以謙為德而為百谷所歸往，聖人以謙為德故為天下所先上。呂惠卿以能為天下王者亦善下之而已，玄德即下下之道，引莊周玄聖素王、舜玄德升聞為證，謂以處下之道居人上乃所以下之。蘇轍雖不專釋此句，然謂聖人非欲上人先人，惟下之後之，其道不得不上且先，正可與善下之旨相發。吳澄以百谷之水同歸江海如天下之人同歸一王，江海之委在水下流能下眾水，故能兼受百谷之水為之王。憨山以無我之德釋之，百川不拘淨穢總歸江海，江海能容以其善下，喻聖人在上天下歸之以其無我。魏源以惟下乃大為老氏宗旨，天下歸往之謂王、百川歸會之謂海，能成其大由其能下而無不容。王夫之則謂未易下尤未易善下，將抑之而激之必亢、將浚之而祗以不平，獨立為物所歸則積之必厚，積厚而無所輸則欲抑浚而不能，故唯江海善下，江則有海、海則有尾閭，其說由物理而入於氣化。諸家或就治術、或就修身、或就謙德、或就無我、或就氣化立論，而皆以「下」為能王之本。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "江海以卑下故眾流歸之若民歸就王，以卑下故能為百谷王。", "thesisTrad": "江海以卑下故眾流歸之若民歸就王，以卑下故能為百谷王。", "noteIds": [ "c001", "c002" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "江海以卑下故众流归之若民归就王，以卑下故能为百谷王。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "王，往也；百谷猶百川。江海善居窪下，人能退身謙下、虛柔容物，則為蒼生所歸。", "thesisTrad": "王，往也；百谷猶百川。江海善居窪下，人能退身謙下、虛柔容物，則為蒼生所歸。", "noteIds": [ "c012", "c013" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "王，往也；百谷犹百川。江海善居洼下，人能退身谦下、虚柔容物，则为苍生所归。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "善能卑下故百川朝宗；御疏引《易》地道變盈而流謙，聖人用謙則庶人子來。", "thesisTrad": "善能卑下故百川朝宗；御疏引《易》地道變盈而流謙，聖人用謙則庶人子來。", "noteIds": [ "c018", "c022" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "善能卑下故百川朝宗；御疏引《易》地道变盈而流谦，圣人用谦则庶人子来。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "海處卑下故為百谷之王；明聖人謙虛，方為萬國之主。", "thesisTrad": "海處卑下故為百谷之王；明聖人謙虛，方為萬國之主。", "noteIds": [ "c027" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "海处卑下故为百谷之王；明圣人谦虚，方为万国之主。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "謙之為德卑以自牧；江海以謙為德而為百谷所歸往，聖人以謙為德故為天下所先上。", "thesisTrad": "謙之為德卑以自牧；江海以謙為德而為百谷所歸往，聖人以謙為德故為天下所先上。", "noteIds": [ "c030" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "谦之为德卑以自牧；江海以谦为德而为百谷所归往，圣人以谦为德故为天下所先上。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "能為天下王者亦善下之而已；玄德者乃所以下下之道，以處下之道居人上乃所以下之。", "thesisTrad": "能為天下王者亦善下之而已；玄德者乃所以下下之道，以處下之道居人上乃所以下之。", "noteIds": [ "c031" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "能为天下王者亦善下之而已；玄德者乃所以下下之道，以处下之道居人上乃所以下之。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "聖人非欲上人先人，惟下之後之，其道不得不上且先。", "thesisTrad": "聖人非欲上人先人，惟下之後之，其道不得不上且先。", "noteIds": [ "c032" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "圣人非欲上人先人，惟下之后之，其道不得不上且先。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "百谷之水同歸江海，如天下之人同歸一王；江海之委在水下流，能下眾水故能兼受。", "thesisTrad": "百谷之水同歸江海，如天下之人同歸一王；江海之委在水下流，能下眾水故能兼受。", "noteIds": [ "c033" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "百谷之水同归江海，如天下之人同归一王；江海之委在水下流，能下众水故能兼受。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "百川不拘淨穢總歸江海，江海能容以其善下；喻聖人在上天下歸之以其無我。", "thesisTrad": "百川不拘淨穢總歸江海，江海能容以其善下；喻聖人在上天下歸之以其無我。", "noteIds": [ "c037" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "百川不拘净秽总归江海，江海能容以其善下；喻圣人在上天下归之以其无我。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "惟下乃大，老氏宗旨；天下歸往之謂王，百川歸會之謂海，能成其大由其能下而無不容。", "thesisTrad": "惟下乃大，老氏宗旨；天下歸往之謂王，百川歸會之謂海，能成其大由其能下而無不容。", "noteIds": [ "c040" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "惟下乃大，老氏宗旨；天下归往之谓王，百川归会之谓海，能成其大由其能下而无不容。" }, "wangfuzhi": { "workType": "衍", "workTypeTrad": "衍", "thesis": "未易下尤未易善下；江則有海，海則有尾閭，受天下之歸而自不饜。", "thesisTrad": "未易下尤未易善下；江則有海，海則有尾閭，受天下之歸而自不饜。", "noteIds": [ "c041" ], "workTypeSimp": "衍", "thesisSimp": "未易下尤未易善下；江则有海，海则有尾闾，受天下之归而自不餍。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c001", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公以江海卑下、眾流歸之立說。", "textTrad": "河上公以江海卑下、眾流歸之立說。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公以江海卑下、众流归之立说。" }, { "noteId": "c013", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英以善居窪下、虛柔容物分疏。", "textTrad": "成玄英以善居窪下、虛柔容物分疏。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英以善居洼下、虚柔容物分疏。" }, { "noteId": "c018", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "御注以善能卑下、百川朝宗釋之。", "textTrad": "御注以善能卑下、百川朝宗釋之。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "御注以善能卑下、百川朝宗释之。" }, { "noteId": "c022", "relation": "御疏", "relationTrad": "御疏", "text": "御疏引《易》地道變盈而流謙轉深。", "textTrad": "御疏引《易》地道變盈而流謙轉深。", "relationSimp": "御疏", "textSimp": "御疏引《易》地道变盈而流谦转深。" }, { "noteId": "c027", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮以海下喻聖人謙虛。", "textTrad": "李榮以海下喻聖人謙虛。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣以海下喻圣人谦虚。" }, { "noteId": "c030", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "陸希聲以謙德卑以自牧申說。", "textTrad": "陸希聲以謙德卑以自牧申說。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "陆希声以谦德卑以自牧申说。" }, { "noteId": "c031", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "呂惠卿以玄德即下下之道別解。", "textTrad": "呂惠卿以玄德即下下之道別解。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "吕惠卿以玄德即下下之道别解。" }, { "noteId": "c033", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄以同歸一王、兼受百谷申之。", "textTrad": "吳澄以同歸一王、兼受百谷申之。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄以同归一王、兼受百谷申之。" }, { "noteId": "c037", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "憨山以無我之德、江海容納作結。", "textTrad": "憨山以無我之德、江海容納作結。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "憨山以无我之德、江海容纳作结。" }, { "noteId": "c040", "relation": "本義", "relationTrad": "本義", "text": "魏源以惟下乃大為老氏宗旨。", "textTrad": "魏源以惟下乃大為老氏宗旨。", "relationSimp": "本义", "textSimp": "魏源以惟下乃大为老氏宗旨。" }, { "noteId": "c041", "relation": "衍", "relationTrad": "衍", "text": "王夫之以善下、尾閭、寥天一推衍。", "textTrad": "王夫之以善下、尾閭、寥天一推衍。", "relationSimp": "衍", "textSimp": "王夫之以善下、尾闾、寥天一推衍。" } ], "nameSimp": "江海所以能为百谷王者，以其善下之", "questionSimp": "江海何以能为百谷王？「善下」是怎样的德？", "introSimp": "此组聚于首句。河上公以江海卑下故众流归之若民归就王，以卑下故能为百谷王，语最简质。成玄英以王为往、百谷犹百川，江海善居洼下之地，人能退身谦下、虚柔容物则为苍生所归，将物理之喻转为修身之法。唐玄宗御注以善能卑下故百川朝宗，御疏引《易》「地道变盈而流谦」，以地道用谦则百川委输、圣人用谦则庶人子来，把江海之喻提升为天地之道。李荣以海处卑下故为百谷之王，明圣人谦虚方为万国之主。陆希声引《易》天道亏盈、地道变盈、鬼神害盈、人道恶盈四句，谓谦之为德卑以自牧，江海以谦为德而为百谷所归往，圣人以谦为德故为天下所先上。吕惠卿以能为天下王者亦善下之而已，玄德即下下之道，引庄周玄圣素王、舜玄德升闻为证，谓以处下之道居人上乃所以下之。苏辙虽不专释此句，然谓圣人非欲上人先人，惟下之后之，其道不得不上且先，正可与善下之旨相发。吴澄以百谷之水同归江海如天下之人同归一王，江海之委在水下流能下众水，故能兼受百谷之水为之王。憨山以无我之德释之，百川不拘净秽总归江海，江海能容以其善下，喻圣人在上天下归之以其无我。魏源以惟下乃大为老氏宗旨，天下归往之谓王、百川归会之谓海，能成其大由其能下而无不容。王夫之则谓未易下尤未易善下，将抑之而激之必亢、将浚之而祗以不平，独立为物所归则积之必厚，积厚而无所输则欲抑浚而不能，故唯江海善下，江则有海、海则有尾闾，其说由物理而入于气化。诸家或就治术、或就修身、或就谦德、或就无我、或就气化立论，而皆以「下」为能王之本。" }, { "id": "yan-xia-shen-hou", "name": "欲上民，必以言下之；欲先民，必以身後之", "nameTrad": "欲上民，必以言下之；欲先民，必以身後之", "question": "欲居人上、人前，為何反以言下、身後？這是有心謙讓還是自然之道？", "questionTrad": "欲居人上、人前，為何反以言下、身後？這是有心謙讓還是自然之道？", "intro": "此組聚於第二句。河上公逐句為注，以欲在民上、欲在民前釋上民先民，以法江海處謙虛下、先人後己釋言下身後，最為平實。成玄英以上人為欲令一切眾生居己之上而言說柔和恒自謙下，以先人為欲令眾生在己身先度而退身居物之後，並以「前處下而反高、守退而翻進」概括其辯證。唐玄宗御注以謙為德柄、尊用彌光，言謙下之則百姓欣戴、身退後之則百姓子來；御疏更以知滿必招損、言則謙柔名則孤寡申之，又謂聖人亦不欲先人，直以撝謙後己，先物物自先之，明確區別「欲」與「有心」。李榮以謙居物下有德故推之為上、退身度人懷道故尊之在先，將言、身二層歸於德與道。陸希聲引《易》謙卦，謂聖人以謙為德故為天下所先上，又謂聖人豈欲先上哉，天下樂推而不厭耳，所以言欲先上者舉聖人以勸眾人。呂惠卿以孤寡不穀、受國之垢與不祥為言下之，以迫而後動、感而後應、不得已而後起為身後之，其說最富政治哲學意味。蘇轍一語破的：聖人非欲上人非欲先人，蓋下之後之，其道不得不上且先耳。吳澄以卑屈其言、退卻其身分釋，強調此為謙讓盛德，非有心於上人先人，讀者不以辭害意。憨山以言者心之聲、身者心之表分釋，謂虛心應物故出言必謙下、忘己與人故不以一己之養害天下。魏源以使天下忘其上且先、爭樂推之使上為說，最後歸於「惟下乃大」。王夫之統論善下，謂聖人有善則過而不留、受天下之歸而自不饜，未析言、身二層，而與諸家同歸。諸家爭點在「欲」字：河上公、御注近於因民之情而謙下，蘇轍、吳澄、憨山則力辨聖人本無上人先人之心，惟其下後而人自推之。", "introTrad": "此組聚於第二句。河上公逐句為注，以欲在民上、欲在民前釋上民先民，以法江海處謙虛下、先人後己釋言下身後，最為平實。成玄英以上人為欲令一切眾生居己之上而言說柔和恒自謙下，以先人為欲令眾生在己身先度而退身居物之後，並以「前處下而反高、守退而翻進」概括其辯證。唐玄宗御注以謙為德柄、尊用彌光，言謙下之則百姓欣戴、身退後之則百姓子來；御疏更以知滿必招損、言則謙柔名則孤寡申之，又謂聖人亦不欲先人，直以撝謙後己，先物物自先之，明確區別「欲」與「有心」。李榮以謙居物下有德故推之為上、退身度人懷道故尊之在先，將言、身二層歸於德與道。陸希聲引《易》謙卦，謂聖人以謙為德故為天下所先上，又謂聖人豈欲先上哉，天下樂推而不厭耳，所以言欲先上者舉聖人以勸眾人。呂惠卿以孤寡不穀、受國之垢與不祥為言下之，以迫而後動、感而後應、不得已而後起為身後之，其說最富政治哲學意味。蘇轍一語破的：聖人非欲上人非欲先人，蓋下之後之，其道不得不上且先耳。吳澄以卑屈其言、退卻其身分釋，強調此為謙讓盛德，非有心於上人先人，讀者不以辭害意。憨山以言者心之聲、身者心之表分釋，謂虛心應物故出言必謙下、忘己與人故不以一己之養害天下。魏源以使天下忘其上且先、爭樂推之使上為說，最後歸於「惟下乃大」。王夫之統論善下，謂聖人有善則過而不留、受天下之歸而自不饜，未析言、身二層，而與諸家同歸。諸家爭點在「欲」字：河上公、御注近於因民之情而謙下，蘇轍、吳澄、憨山則力辨聖人本無上人先人之心，惟其下後而人自推之。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "欲在民之上、民之前；法江海處謙虛下，先人而後己。", "thesisTrad": "欲在民之上、民之前；法江海處謙虛下，先人而後己。", "noteIds": [ "c003", "c004", "c005", "c006" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "欲在民之上、民之前；法江海处谦虚下，先人而后己。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "欲令眾生居己之上而言說柔和恒自謙下；欲令眾生在己身先度而退身居物之後，守退翻進。", "thesisTrad": "欲令眾生居己之上而言說柔和恒自謙下；欲令眾生在己身先度而退身居物之後，守退翻進。", "noteIds": [ "c014", "c015" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "欲令众生居己之上而言说柔和恒自谦下；欲令众生在己身先度而退身居物之后，守退翻进。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "謙為德柄、尊用彌光；言謙下之則百姓欣戴，身退後之則百姓子來。御疏申以知滿必招損、撝謙後己。", "thesisTrad": "謙為德柄、尊用彌光；言謙下之則百姓欣戴，身退後之則百姓子來。御疏申以知滿必招損、撝謙後己。", "noteIds": [ "c019", "c023" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "谦为德柄、尊用弥光；言谦下之则百姓欣戴，身退后之则百姓子来。御疏申以知满必招损、㧑谦后己。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "謙居物下有德故推之為上，退身度人懷道故尊之在先。", "thesisTrad": "謙居物下有德故推之為上，退身度人懷道故尊之在先。", "noteIds": [ "c028" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "谦居物下有德故推之为上，退身度人怀道故尊之在先。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "聖人以謙為德故為天下所先上；聖人豈欲先上哉，天下樂推而不厭耳。", "thesisTrad": "聖人以謙為德故為天下所先上；聖人豈欲先上哉，天下樂推而不厭耳。", "noteIds": [ "c030" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "圣人以谦为德故为天下所先上；圣人岂欲先上哉，天下乐推而不厌耳。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "孤寡不穀、受國之垢與不祥為言下之；迫而後動、感而後應、不得已而後起為身後之。", "thesisTrad": "孤寡不穀、受國之垢與不祥為言下之；迫而後動、感而後應、不得已而後起為身後之。", "noteIds": [ "c031" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "孤寡不谷、受国之垢与不祥为言下之；迫而后动、感而后应、不得已而后起为身后之。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "聖人非欲上人非欲先人；蓋下之後之，其道不得不上且先。", "thesisTrad": "聖人非欲上人非欲先人；蓋下之後之，其道不得不上且先。", "noteIds": [ "c032" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "圣人非欲上人非欲先人；盖下之后之，其道不得不上且先。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "言下之卑屈其言而不尊高，身後之退卻其身而不前進；非有心於上人先人。", "thesisTrad": "言下之卑屈其言而不尊高，身後之退卻其身而不前進；非有心於上人先人。", "noteIds": [ "c034" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "言下之卑屈其言而不尊高，身后之退却其身而不前进；非有心于上人先人。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "言者心之聲，虛心應物故出言必謙下；身者心之表，忘己與人故不以一己之養害天下。", "thesisTrad": "言者心之聲，虛心應物故出言必謙下；身者心之表，忘己與人故不以一己之養害天下。", "noteIds": [ "c038" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "言者心之声，虚心应物故出言必谦下；身者心之表，忘己与人故不以一己之养害天下。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "使天下忘其上且先，而爭樂推之使上、推之使先；惟下乃大。", "thesisTrad": "使天下忘其上且先，而爭樂推之使上、推之使先；惟下乃大。", "noteIds": [ "c040" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "使天下忘其上且先，而争乐推之使上、推之使先；惟下乃大。" }, "wangfuzhi": { "workType": "衍", "workTypeTrad": "衍", "thesis": "統論善下：聖人有善則過而不留，受天下之歸而自不饜。", "thesisTrad": "統論善下：聖人有善則過而不留，受天下之歸而自不饜。", "noteIds": [ "c041" ], "workTypeSimp": "衍", "thesisSimp": "统论善下：圣人有善则过而不留，受天下之归而自不餍。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c003", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公以欲在民上、民前立說。", "textTrad": "河上公以欲在民上、民前立說。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公以欲在民上、民前立说。" }, { "noteId": "c004", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "河上公以法江海處謙虛下申之。", "textTrad": "河上公以法江海處謙虛下申之。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "河上公以法江海处谦虚下申之。" }, { "noteId": "c006", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "河上公以先人後己申之。", "textTrad": "河上公以先人後己申之。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "河上公以先人后己申之。" }, { "noteId": "c014", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英以眾生居己之上、言說柔和分疏。", "textTrad": "成玄英以眾生居己之上、言說柔和分疏。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英以众生居己之上、言说柔和分疏。" }, { "noteId": "c015", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英以退身居物之後、守退翻進轉深。", "textTrad": "成玄英以退身居物之後、守退翻進轉深。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英以退身居物之后、守退翻进转深。" }, { "noteId": "c019", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "御注以謙為德柄、百姓欣戴子來釋之。", "textTrad": "御注以謙為德柄、百姓欣戴子來釋之。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "御注以谦为德柄、百姓欣戴子来释之。" }, { "noteId": "c023", "relation": "御疏", "relationTrad": "御疏", "text": "御疏以知滿招損、撝謙後己轉深。", "textTrad": "御疏以知滿招損、撝謙後己轉深。", "relationSimp": "御疏", "textSimp": "御疏以知满招损、㧑谦后己转深。" }, { "noteId": "c028", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮以謙居物下、退身度人申說。", "textTrad": "李榮以謙居物下、退身度人申說。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣以谦居物下、退身度人申说。" }, { "noteId": "c030", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "陸希聲以聖人豈欲先上、天下樂推別解。", "textTrad": "陸希聲以聖人豈欲先上、天下樂推別解。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "陆希声以圣人岂欲先上、天下乐推别解。" }, { "noteId": "c031", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "呂惠卿以孤寡受垢、迫而後動分釋。", "textTrad": "呂惠卿以孤寡受垢、迫而後動分釋。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "吕惠卿以孤寡受垢、迫而后动分释。" }, { "noteId": "c032", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "蘇轍以非欲上人先人、道自得上先作結。", "textTrad": "蘇轍以非欲上人先人、道自得上先作結。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "苏辙以非欲上人先人、道自得上先作结。" }, { "noteId": "c034", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄以卑屈其言、退卻其身申之。", "textTrad": "吳澄以卑屈其言、退卻其身申之。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄以卑屈其言、退却其身申之。" }, { "noteId": "c038", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "憨山以言為心聲、身為心表作結。", "textTrad": "憨山以言為心聲、身為心表作結。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "憨山以言为心声、身为心表作结。" }, { "noteId": "c040", "relation": "本義", "relationTrad": "本義", "text": "魏源以使天下忘其上先、惟下乃大作結。", "textTrad": "魏源以使天下忘其上先、惟下乃大作結。", "relationSimp": "本义", "textSimp": "魏源以使天下忘其上先、惟下乃大作结。" }, { "noteId": "c041", "relation": "衍", "relationTrad": "衍", "text": "王夫之以有善不留、受歸不饜統論。", "textTrad": "王夫之以有善不留、受歸不饜統論。", "relationSimp": "衍", "textSimp": "王夫之以有善不留、受归不餍统论。" } ], "nameSimp": "欲上民，必以言下之；欲先民，必以身后之", "questionSimp": "欲居人上、人前，为何反以言下、身后？这是有心谦让还是自然之道？", "introSimp": "此组聚于第二句。河上公逐句为注，以欲在民上、欲在民前释上民先民，以法江海处谦虚下、先人后己释言下身后，最为平实。成玄英以上人为欲令一切众生居己之上而言说柔和恒自谦下，以先人为欲令众生在己身先度而退身居物之后，并以「前处下而反高、守退而翻进」概括其辩证。唐玄宗御注以谦为德柄、尊用弥光，言谦下之则百姓欣戴、身退后之则百姓子来；御疏更以知满必招损、言则谦柔名则孤寡申之，又谓圣人亦不欲先人，直以㧑谦后己，先物物自先之，明确区别「欲」与「有心」。李荣以谦居物下有德故推之为上、退身度人怀道故尊之在先，将言、身二层归于德与道。陆希声引《易》谦卦，谓圣人以谦为德故为天下所先上，又谓圣人岂欲先上哉，天下乐推而不厌耳，所以言欲先上者举圣人以劝众人。吕惠卿以孤寡不谷、受国之垢与不祥为言下之，以迫而后动、感而后应、不得已而后起为身后之，其说最富政治哲学意味。苏辙一语破的：圣人非欲上人非欲先人，盖下之后之，其道不得不上且先耳。吴澄以卑屈其言、退却其身分释，强调此为谦让盛德，非有心于上人先人，读者不以辞害意。憨山以言者心之声、身者心之表分释，谓虚心应物故出言必谦下、忘己与人故不以一己之养害天下。魏源以使天下忘其上且先、争乐推之使上为说，最后归于「惟下乃大」。王夫之统论善下，谓圣人有善则过而不留、受天下之归而自不餍，未析言、身二层，而与诸家同归。诸家争点在「欲」字：河上公、御注近于因民之情而谦下，苏辙、吴澄、憨山则力辨圣人本无上人先人之心，惟其下后而人自推之。" }, { "id": "bu-zhong-bu-hai", "name": "處上而民不重，處前而民不害", "nameTrad": "處上而民不重，處前而民不害", "question": "「重」與「害」何所指？聖人處上處前，為何民不以為負擔？", "questionTrad": "「重」與「害」何所指？聖人處上處前，為何民不以為負擔？", "intro": "此組聚於第三句。河上公以聖人在民上為主而不以尊貴虐下，故民戴仰不以為重；在民前而不以光明蔽後，民親之若父母而無欲害之者，將「重」「害」落到具體政術。成玄英以恬淡無為、少思寡欲，使民輕徭薄賦而無重勞，又以恩覃萬物故百姓荷戴而不辭；處前則民歌擊壤、宇內清夷、利物弘多而無損害，兼存兩解。唐玄宗御注以言謙下之故處上而人不以為重、身退後之故處前而人不以為害；御疏以臨大寶、居至尊而勞身逸人、薄己厚物，在上人得以生、處前人得以理，故不重不害。李榮以百姓樂戴不以為重、人皆忠孝誰有害心，語最簡。呂惠卿以不重則戴之為輕、不害則從之為利，從民心之感受立說。吳澄訓重為難、害為患，謂聖人能下之後之，處人之上人不以為難、處人之前人不以為患。憨山以重猶不堪，聖人有天下而不與，故民自堪命、自遂生。王夫之夾注最為警策：人不重，重仍在己也；凡上輕下重，處上而不以重授人，唯聖人為然，將「重」由民之負擔轉為君之自持。諸家或就政術、或就民心、或就君德立論，而皆以「不以尊貴虐下」「不以光明蔽後」為不重不害之實。", "introTrad": "此組聚於第三句。河上公以聖人在民上為主而不以尊貴虐下，故民戴仰不以為重；在民前而不以光明蔽後，民親之若父母而無欲害之者，將「重」「害」落到具體政術。成玄英以恬淡無為、少思寡欲，使民輕徭薄賦而無重勞，又以恩覃萬物故百姓荷戴而不辭；處前則民歌擊壤、宇內清夷、利物弘多而無損害，兼存兩解。唐玄宗御注以言謙下之故處上而人不以為重、身退後之故處前而人不以為害；御疏以臨大寶、居至尊而勞身逸人、薄己厚物，在上人得以生、處前人得以理，故不重不害。李榮以百姓樂戴不以為重、人皆忠孝誰有害心，語最簡。呂惠卿以不重則戴之為輕、不害則從之為利，從民心之感受立說。吳澄訓重為難、害為患，謂聖人能下之後之，處人之上人不以為難、處人之前人不以為患。憨山以重猶不堪，聖人有天下而不與，故民自堪命、自遂生。王夫之夾注最為警策：人不重，重仍在己也；凡上輕下重，處上而不以重授人，唯聖人為然，將「重」由民之負擔轉為君之自持。諸家或就政術、或就民心、或就君德立論，而皆以「不以尊貴虐下」「不以光明蔽後」為不重不害之實。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "聖人在民上為主不以尊貴虐下，故民戴仰不以為重；在民前不以光明蔽後，民親之若父母，無欲害之者。", "thesisTrad": "聖人在民上為主不以尊貴虐下，故民戴仰不以為重；在民前不以光明蔽後，民親之若父母，無欲害之者。", "noteIds": [ "c007", "c008" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "圣人在民上为主不以尊贵虐下，故民戴仰不以为重；在民前不以光明蔽后，民亲之若父母，无欲害之者。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "恬淡無為、少思寡欲，使民輕徭薄賦而無重勞；恩覃萬物故百姓荷戴而不辭；處前則民歌擊壤、宇內清夷而無損害。", "thesisTrad": "恬淡無為、少思寡欲，使民輕徭薄賦而無重勞；恩覃萬物故百姓荷戴而不辭；處前則民歌擊壤、宇內清夷而無損害。", "noteIds": [ "c016" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "恬淡无为、少思寡欲，使民轻徭薄赋而无重劳；恩覃万物故百姓荷戴而不辞；处前则民歌击壤、宇内清夷而无损害。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "言謙下之故處上而人不以為重，身退後之故處前而人不以為害；御疏申以勞身逸人、薄己厚物。", "thesisTrad": "言謙下之故處上而人不以為重，身退後之故處前而人不以為害；御疏申以勞身逸人、薄己厚物。", "noteIds": [ "c019", "c024" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "言谦下之故处上而人不以为重，身退后之故处前而人不以为害；御疏申以劳身逸人、薄己厚物。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "百姓樂戴不以為重，人皆忠孝誰有害心。", "thesisTrad": "百姓樂戴不以為重，人皆忠孝誰有害心。", "noteIds": [ "c028" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "百姓乐戴不以为重，人皆忠孝谁有害心。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "不重則以戴之為輕，不害則以從之為利。", "thesisTrad": "不重則以戴之為輕，不害則以從之為利。", "noteIds": [ "c031" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "不重则以戴之为轻，不害则以从之为利。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "重為難、害為患；聖人能下之後之，處人上人不以為難，處人前人不以為患。", "thesisTrad": "重為難、害為患；聖人能下之後之，處人上人不以為難，處人前人不以為患。", "noteIds": [ "c035" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "重为难、害为患；圣人能下之后之，处人上人不以为难，处人前人不以为患。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "重者猶不堪；聖人有天下而不與，故民自堪命、自遂生。", "thesisTrad": "重者猶不堪；聖人有天下而不與，故民自堪命、自遂生。", "noteIds": [ "c038" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "重者犹不堪；圣人有天下而不与，故民自堪命、自遂生。" }, "wangfuzhi": { "workType": "衍", "workTypeTrad": "衍", "thesis": "人不重，重仍在己也；凡上輕下重，處上而不以重授人，唯聖人為然。", "thesisTrad": "人不重，重仍在己也；凡上輕下重，處上而不以重授人，唯聖人為然。", "noteIds": [ "c042" ], "workTypeSimp": "衍", "thesisSimp": "人不重，重仍在己也；凡上轻下重，处上而不以重授人，唯圣人为然。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c007", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公以不以尊貴虐下釋不重。", "textTrad": "河上公以不以尊貴虐下釋不重。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公以不以尊贵虐下释不重。" }, { "noteId": "c008", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公以不以光明蔽後釋不害。", "textTrad": "河上公以不以光明蔽後釋不害。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公以不以光明蔽后释不害。" }, { "noteId": "c016", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英以輕徭薄賦、恩覃萬物分疏。", "textTrad": "成玄英以輕徭薄賦、恩覃萬物分疏。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英以轻徭薄赋、恩覃万物分疏。" }, { "noteId": "c019", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "御注以言下身後、百姓欣戴子來申之。", "textTrad": "御注以言下身後、百姓欣戴子來申之。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "御注以言下身后、百姓欣戴子来申之。" }, { "noteId": "c024", "relation": "御疏", "relationTrad": "御疏", "text": "御疏以勞身逸人、薄己厚物轉深。", "textTrad": "御疏以勞身逸人、薄己厚物轉深。", "relationSimp": "御疏", "textSimp": "御疏以劳身逸人、薄己厚物转深。" }, { "noteId": "c028", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮以百姓樂戴、人皆忠孝申說。", "textTrad": "李榮以百姓樂戴、人皆忠孝申說。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣以百姓乐戴、人皆忠孝申说。" }, { "noteId": "c031", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "呂惠卿以戴之為輕、從之為利別解。", "textTrad": "呂惠卿以戴之為輕、從之為利別解。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "吕惠卿以戴之为轻、从之为利别解。" }, { "noteId": "c035", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄以重難害患、下之後之申之。", "textTrad": "吳澄以重難害患、下之後之申之。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄以重难害患、下之后之申之。" }, { "noteId": "c038", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "憨山以有天下而不與、民自堪命作結。", "textTrad": "憨山以有天下而不與、民自堪命作結。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "憨山以有天下而不与、民自堪命作结。" }, { "noteId": "c042", "relation": "衍", "relationTrad": "衍", "text": "王夫之以重仍在己、上輕下重作結。", "textTrad": "王夫之以重仍在己、上輕下重作結。", "relationSimp": "衍", "textSimp": "王夫之以重仍在己、上轻下重作结。" } ], "nameSimp": "处上而民不重，处前而民不害", "questionSimp": "「重」与「害」何所指？圣人处上处前，为何民不以为负担？", "introSimp": "此组聚于第三句。河上公以圣人在民上为主而不以尊贵虐下，故民戴仰不以为重；在民前而不以光明蔽后，民亲之若父母而无欲害之者，将「重」「害」落到具体政术。成玄英以恬淡无为、少思寡欲，使民轻徭薄赋而无重劳，又以恩覃万物故百姓荷戴而不辞；处前则民歌击壤、宇内清夷、利物弘多而无损害，兼存两解。唐玄宗御注以言谦下之故处上而人不以为重、身退后之故处前而人不以为害；御疏以临大宝、居至尊而劳身逸人、薄己厚物，在上人得以生、处前人得以理，故不重不害。李荣以百姓乐戴不以为重、人皆忠孝谁有害心，语最简。吕惠卿以不重则戴之为轻、不害则从之为利，从民心之感受立说。吴澄训重为难、害为患，谓圣人能下之后之，处人之上人不以为难、处人之前人不以为患。憨山以重犹不堪，圣人有天下而不与，故民自堪命、自遂生。王夫之夹注最为警策：人不重，重仍在己也；凡上轻下重，处上而不以重授人，唯圣人为然，将「重」由民之负担转为君之自持。诸家或就政术、或就民心、或就君德立论，而皆以「不以尊贵虐下」「不以光明蔽后」为不重不害之实。" }, { "id": "bu-zheng-mo-neng-zheng", "name": "以其不爭，故天下莫能與之爭", "nameTrad": "以其不爭，故天下莫能與之爭", "question": "「不爭」是不與人爭先後，還是心不馳競於物？不爭何以能「莫能與之爭」？", "questionTrad": "「不爭」是不與人爭先後，還是心不馳競於物？不爭何以能「莫能與之爭」？", "intro": "此組聚於末二句。河上公分釋：天下無厭聖人，是由聖人不與人爭先後；人皆有為，無能與吾爭無為。其「無為」二字，已將不爭提升為治道。成玄英以百姓樂推不厭，只為善能謙和、不與物爭；既違順平等、是非永息，誰復與不爭者爭，帶有重玄雙遣的色彩。唐玄宗御注以聖人謙退不與物爭，天下共推，誰與爭者；御疏則以言則下之、身則後之，不與物爭先，故天下莫能與聖人爭先，將不爭回扣到第二句。李榮以無德者物所同厭、有道者人皆樂推，行揖讓之風、順萬物之化，誰當與爭，從德與物的感應立說。陸希聲引《書》「汝唯不爭，故天下莫與汝爭能；汝唯不矜，故天下莫與汝爭功」，以經典為證，並謂聖人得位得時非爭而得。呂惠卿以言下身後即不爭，樂推不厭則天下莫能與爭，非體玄德者不能，將不爭與玄德相繫。吳澄以卑抑退遜不爭處上處前，故天下莫能與之爭上爭先，而聖人得位得時竟得上人先人，指出不爭與得上先並不矛盾。憨山辨析最細：無我之至乃不爭之德，此爭非爭鬥之謂，蓋言心不馳競於物；能使天下忘己，故莫能與之爭，引莊子「兼忘天下易，使天下忘己難」為證。魏源以使天下忘其上且先、爭樂推之使上為說，歸於惟下乃大。王夫之則以受天下之歸而自不饜、天下亦孰得而厭之，從江海尾閭之喻推及聖人應物。諸家或訓不爭為不爭先後、或為不馳競於物、或為無為、或為玄德，而皆以「不爭」為得天下推戴之實，非逃避之辭。", "introTrad": "此組聚於末二句。河上公分釋：天下無厭聖人，是由聖人不與人爭先後；人皆有為，無能與吾爭無為。其「無為」二字，已將不爭提升為治道。成玄英以百姓樂推不厭，只為善能謙和、不與物爭；既違順平等、是非永息，誰復與不爭者爭，帶有重玄雙遣的色彩。唐玄宗御注以聖人謙退不與物爭，天下共推，誰與爭者；御疏則以言則下之、身則後之，不與物爭先，故天下莫能與聖人爭先，將不爭回扣到第二句。李榮以無德者物所同厭、有道者人皆樂推，行揖讓之風、順萬物之化，誰當與爭，從德與物的感應立說。陸希聲引《書》「汝唯不爭，故天下莫與汝爭能；汝唯不矜，故天下莫與汝爭功」，以經典為證，並謂聖人得位得時非爭而得。呂惠卿以言下身後即不爭，樂推不厭則天下莫能與爭，非體玄德者不能，將不爭與玄德相繫。吳澄以卑抑退遜不爭處上處前，故天下莫能與之爭上爭先，而聖人得位得時竟得上人先人，指出不爭與得上先並不矛盾。憨山辨析最細：無我之至乃不爭之德，此爭非爭鬥之謂，蓋言心不馳競於物；能使天下忘己，故莫能與之爭，引莊子「兼忘天下易，使天下忘己難」為證。魏源以使天下忘其上且先、爭樂推之使上為說，歸於惟下乃大。王夫之則以受天下之歸而自不饜、天下亦孰得而厭之，從江海尾閭之喻推及聖人應物。諸家或訓不爭為不爭先後、或為不馳競於物、或為無為、或為玄德，而皆以「不爭」為得天下推戴之實，非逃避之辭。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "聖人不與人爭先後，故天下無厭；人皆有為，無能與吾爭無為。", "thesisTrad": "聖人不與人爭先後，故天下無厭；人皆有為，無能與吾爭無為。", "noteIds": [ "c010", "c011" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "圣人不与人争先后，故天下无厌；人皆有为，无能与吾争无为。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "百姓樂推不厭，只為善能謙和、不與物爭；違順平等、是非永息，誰復與不爭者爭。", "thesisTrad": "百姓樂推不厭，只為善能謙和、不與物爭；違順平等、是非永息，誰復與不爭者爭。", "noteIds": [ "c017" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "百姓乐推不厌，只为善能谦和、不与物争；违顺平等、是非永息，谁复与不争者争。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "聖人謙退不與物爭，天下共推，誰與爭者；御疏申以言下身後、不與物爭先。", "thesisTrad": "聖人謙退不與物爭，天下共推，誰與爭者；御疏申以言下身後、不與物爭先。", "noteIds": [ "c021", "c026" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "圣人谦退不与物争，天下共推，谁与争者；御疏申以言下身后、不与物争先。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "無德者物所同厭，有道者人皆樂推；行揖讓之風、順萬物之化，誰當與爭。", "thesisTrad": "無德者物所同厭，有道者人皆樂推；行揖讓之風、順萬物之化，誰當與爭。", "noteIds": [ "c029" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "无德者物所同厌，有道者人皆乐推；行揖让之风、顺万物之化，谁当与争。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "引《書》汝唯不爭故天下莫與汝爭能；聖人得位得時非爭而得。", "thesisTrad": "引《書》汝唯不爭故天下莫與汝爭能；聖人得位得時非爭而得。", "noteIds": [ "c030" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "引《书》汝唯不争故天下莫与汝争能；圣人得位得时非争而得。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "言下身後則不爭，樂推不厭則天下莫能與爭；非體玄德者不能。", "thesisTrad": "言下身後則不爭，樂推不厭則天下莫能與爭；非體玄德者不能。", "noteIds": [ "c031" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "言下身后则不争，乐推不厌则天下莫能与争；非体玄德者不能。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "卑抑退遜不爭處上處前，故天下莫能與之爭上爭先，而聖人竟得上人先人。", "thesisTrad": "卑抑退遜不爭處上處前，故天下莫能與之爭上爭先，而聖人竟得上人先人。", "noteIds": [ "c036" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "卑抑退逊不争处上处前，故天下莫能与之争上争先，而圣人竟得上人先人。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "無我之至乃不爭之德；爭非爭鬥，謂心不馳競於物；能使天下忘己，故莫能與之爭。", "thesisTrad": "無我之至乃不爭之德；爭非爭鬥，謂心不馳競於物；能使天下忘己，故莫能與之爭。", "noteIds": [ "c039" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "无我之至乃不争之德；争非争斗，谓心不驰竞于物；能使天下忘己，故莫能与之争。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "使天下忘其上且先，而爭樂推之使上；惟下乃大。", "thesisTrad": "使天下忘其上且先，而爭樂推之使上；惟下乃大。", "noteIds": [ "c040" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "使天下忘其上且先，而争乐推之使上；惟下乃大。" }, "wangfuzhi": { "workType": "衍", "workTypeTrad": "衍", "thesis": "受天下之歸而自不饜，天下亦孰得而厭之。", "thesisTrad": "受天下之歸而自不饜，天下亦孰得而厭之。", "noteIds": [ "c041" ], "workTypeSimp": "衍", "thesisSimp": "受天下之归而自不餍，天下亦孰得而厌之。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c009", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公以恩深愛厚、視民如赤子釋樂推。", "textTrad": "河上公以恩深愛厚、視民如赤子釋樂推。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公以恩深爱厚、视民如赤子释乐推。" }, { "noteId": "c010", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公以不與人爭先後釋不爭。", "textTrad": "河上公以不與人爭先後釋不爭。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公以不与人争先后释不争。" }, { "noteId": "c011", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公以人皆有為、無能與吾爭無為作結。", "textTrad": "河上公以人皆有為、無能與吾爭無為作結。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公以人皆有为、无能与吾争无为作结。" }, { "noteId": "c017", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英以謙和、違順平等轉深。", "textTrad": "成玄英以謙和、違順平等轉深。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英以谦和、违顺平等转深。" }, { "noteId": "c021", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "御注以謙退不爭、天下共推釋之。", "textTrad": "御注以謙退不爭、天下共推釋之。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "御注以谦退不争、天下共推释之。" }, { "noteId": "c026", "relation": "御疏", "relationTrad": "御疏", "text": "御疏以言下身後、不爭先轉深。", "textTrad": "御疏以言下身後、不爭先轉深。", "relationSimp": "御疏", "textSimp": "御疏以言下身后、不争先转深。" }, { "noteId": "c029", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮以有道樂推、揖讓順化申說。", "textTrad": "李榮以有道樂推、揖讓順化申說。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣以有道乐推、揖让顺化申说。" }, { "noteId": "c030", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "陸希聲引《書》不爭不矜別解。", "textTrad": "陸希聲引《書》不爭不矜別解。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "陆希声引《书》不争不矜别解。" }, { "noteId": "c031", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "呂惠卿以言下身後即不爭、玄德相繫。", "textTrad": "呂惠卿以言下身後即不爭、玄德相繫。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "吕惠卿以言下身后即不争、玄德相系。" }, { "noteId": "c036", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄以卑抑退遜、得位得時申之。", "textTrad": "吳澄以卑抑退遜、得位得時申之。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄以卑抑退逊、得位得时申之。" }, { "noteId": "c039", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "憨山以心不馳競、天下忘己作結。", "textTrad": "憨山以心不馳競、天下忘己作結。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "憨山以心不驰竞、天下忘己作结。" }, { "noteId": "c040", "relation": "本義", "relationTrad": "本義", "text": "魏源以使天下忘其上先、惟下乃大作結。", "textTrad": "魏源以使天下忘其上先、惟下乃大作結。", "relationSimp": "本义", "textSimp": "魏源以使天下忘其上先、惟下乃大作结。" }, { "noteId": "c041", "relation": "衍", "relationTrad": "衍", "text": "王夫之以受歸不饜、天下不厭作結。", "textTrad": "王夫之以受歸不饜、天下不厭作結。", "relationSimp": "衍", "textSimp": "王夫之以受归不餍、天下不厌作结。" } ], "nameSimp": "以其不争，故天下莫能与之争", "questionSimp": "「不争」是不与人争先后，还是心不驰竞于物？不争何以能「莫能与之争」？", "introSimp": "此组聚于末二句。河上公分释：天下无厌圣人，是由圣人不与人争先后；人皆有为，无能与吾争无为。其「无为」二字，已将不争提升为治道。成玄英以百姓乐推不厌，只为善能谦和、不与物争；既违顺平等、是非永息，谁复与不争者争，带有重玄双遣的色彩。唐玄宗御注以圣人谦退不与物争，天下共推，谁与争者；御疏则以言则下之、身则后之，不与物争先，故天下莫能与圣人争先，将不争回扣到第二句。李荣以无德者物所同厌、有道者人皆乐推，行揖让之风、顺万物之化，谁当与争，从德与物的感应立说。陆希声引《书》「汝唯不争，故天下莫与汝争能；汝唯不矜，故天下莫与汝争功」，以经典为证，并谓圣人得位得时非争而得。吕惠卿以言下身后即不争，乐推不厌则天下莫能与争，非体玄德者不能，将不争与玄德相系。吴澄以卑抑退逊不争处上处前，故天下莫能与之争上争先，而圣人得位得时竟得上人先人，指出不争与得上先并不矛盾。憨山辨析最细：无我之至乃不争之德，此争非争斗之谓，盖言心不驰竞于物；能使天下忘己，故莫能与之争，引庄子「兼忘天下易，使天下忘己难」为证。魏源以使天下忘其上且先、争乐推之使上为说，归于惟下乃大。王夫之则以受天下之归而自不餍、天下亦孰得而厌之，从江海尾闾之喻推及圣人应物。诸家或训不争为不争先后、或为不驰竞于物、或为无为、或为玄德，而皆以「不争」为得天下推戴之实，非逃避之辞。" } ], "requiredSources": [ "heshanggong", "tangxuanzong" ] }, "schema": "librebook.chapter/1", "generatedAt": "2026-10-30T11:41:46.933Z", "keyPrefix": "laozi-66", "idRules": { "chapter": "章节目录名（slug），如 01；URL 为 /laozi/01/。", "sentence": "章内局部编号 sNNN，全篇引用使用 laozi-01:sNNN；页面锚点继续使用 #sNNN。", "commentary": "章内注号 cNNN，字词注 nNNN，校记 kNNN；编号在章内稳定，跨章引用时加章节前缀。", "paragraph": "章内段落号 pNNN，与 sentence.paragraph 对应。" }, "book": { "id": "laozi", "slug": "laozi", "title": "老子", "titleSimp": "老子", "author": "老聃", "authorSimp": "老聃", "era": "春秋", "eraSimp": "春秋", "editor": "河上公、王弼等", "editorSimp": "河上公、王弼等", "edition": "王弼《老子注》", "editionSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "baseLabel": "王弼《老子注》", "baseLabelSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "separationLabel": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英義疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、嚴遵指歸、李榮注、陸希聲傳、呂惠卿傳、蘇轍老子解、吳澄道德真經注、憨山道德經解、魏源老子本義、俞樾平議、王夫之老子衍十四家", "separationLabelSimp": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英义疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、严遵指归、李荣注、陆希声传、吕惠卿传、苏辙老子解、吴澄道德真经注、憨山道德经解、魏源老子本义、俞樾平议、王夫之老子衍十四家", "intro": "《老子》八十一章，分道經、德經。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》為底本，逐章整理正文、舊注、今譯與校記；第一至八十一章已上線，全帙完竣。", "introSimp": "《老子》八十一章，分道经、德经。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》为底本，逐章整理正文、旧注、今译与校记；第一至八十一章已上线，全帙完竣。" }, "volume": { "id": "dejing", "order": 2, "title": "德經", "titleSimp": "德经" }, "chapter": { "id": "laozi-66", "slug": "66", "order": 66, "title": "第六十六章", "titleSimp": "第六十六章", "status": "published", "revision": "初校", "review": "待复核", "updated": "2026-10-30", "summary": "第六十六章〈江海為百谷王章〉五句：江海所以能為百谷王者，以其善下之，故能為百谷王；是以聖人欲上民，必以言下之，欲先民，必以身後之；是以聖人處上而民不重，處前而民不害；是以天下樂推而不厭；以其不爭，故天下莫能與之爭。王弼此章注闕，道藏本經文後直接第六十七章；嚴遵《指歸》此章亦無輯文。全章以江海善下為喻：江海卑下，故百川歸往而為百谷王；聖人法之，欲居人上則以言謙下，欲居人前則退身居後；故處上而民不以為重，處前而民不以為害；天下樂推而不厭；終以不爭，故天下莫能與之爭。河上公逐句為注，以江海卑下故眾流歸之若民歸就王釋善下；以聖人在民上為主不以尊貴虐下、在民前不以光明蔽後釋不重不害；以恩深愛厚視民如赤子釋樂推不厭；以不與人爭先後、人皆有為無能與吾爭無為釋末句，注十一條。成玄英標章義，分全章為三：舉譬以表虛忘、法說用彰謙退、結嘆柔弱之能；以王為往、百谷猶百川，江海善居窪下，人能退身謙下虛柔容物則為蒼生所歸；以上人為欲令眾生居己之上而言說柔和恒自謙下，以先人為欲令眾生在己身先度而退身居物之後，守退翻進；以輕徭薄賦、恩覃萬物釋不重，以民歌擊壤、宇內清夷釋不害；以謙和不與物爭、違順平等是非永息釋末句；章義一則、疏五條。唐玄宗御注以江海善能卑下故百川朝宗，謙為德柄、尊用彌光，言謙下之則百姓欣戴、身退後之則百姓子來；御疏引《易》「地道變盈而流謙」，以知滿必招損、言則謙柔名則孤寡，不欲先人而撝謙後己，勞身逸人、薄己厚物，弘濟無私、與物為春申之；御注四條、御疏五條。李榮以海處卑下為百谷王，明聖人謙虛為萬國之主；謙居物下有德故推之為上，退身度人懷道故尊之在先；無德者物所同厭，有道者人皆樂推，注三條。陸希聲引《易》天道虧盈而益謙四句，謂謙之為德卑以自牧，江海以謙為德而為百谷所歸往，聖人以謙為德故為天下所先上；又引《書》「汝唯不爭，故天下莫與汝爭能」，傳一段。呂惠卿以能為天下王者亦善下之而已，玄德即下下之道，引莊周玄聖素王、舜玄德升聞為證；以孤寡不穀、受國之垢與不祥為言下之，以迫而後動、感而後應、不得已而後起為身後之；不重則戴之為輕，不害則從之為利，傳一段。蘇轍謂聖人非欲上人非欲先人，蓋下之後之，其道不得不上且先耳，解一條。吳澄以百谷之水同歸江海如天下之人同歸一王，言下之則卑屈其言，身後之則退卻其身，此謙讓盛德非有心於上人先人；重為難、害為患；天下樂於推戴，以其卑抑退遜不爭，引董氏、揚雄語為證，注四條。憨山以無我之德釋之，百川不拘淨穢總歸江海，江海能容以其善下；言者心之聲，虛心應物故出言必謙下如孤寡不穀；身者心之表，忘己與人故不以一己之養害天下；有天下而不與，故民自堪命、自遂生；無我之至乃不爭之德，爭非爭鬥謂心不馳競於物，引莊子「兼忘天下易，使天下忘己難」，解一段（本站分三條）。魏源以惟下乃大為老氏宗旨，天下歸往之謂王、百川歸會之謂海，能成其大由其能下而無不容，引《書》「汝惟不矜」、金人銘、揚雄、董思靖、蘇轍諸說，本義一段。王夫之以未易下尤未易善下立說，謂將抑之而激之必亢、將浚之而祗以不平，獨立為物所歸則積厚，積厚無所輸則欲抑浚而不能；江則有海，海則有尾閭；聖人有善過而不留，受天下之歸而自不饜；返息於踵，返踵於天，照之以自然，推移宿氣，乃入寥天一，衍二條。河上公題「後己第六十六」（四部叢刊本作「後巳」）；《玄德纂疏》、呂惠卿、蘇轍題「江海為百谷王章第六十六」，王弼本無章題；吳澄以此章為其第五十六章；魏源合此章與《天下皆謂》章前三句為其第五十七章；王夫之標「六十六章」。王弼、河上公、憨山、魏源、王夫之作「上民」「必以言下之」「必以身」「民不重」「民不害」；成玄英、唐玄宗、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄作「上人」「以其言下之」「以其身」「人不重」「人不害」；李榮作「上民」「以其言」「人不重」而「民不害」；魏源本無「是以」下「聖人」二字；吳澄「以其善下之也」多「也」字；李榮注引經作「以其無爭」。並見校記。", "summarySimp": "第六十六章〈江海为百谷王章〉五句：江海所以能为百谷王者，以其善下之，故能为百谷王；是以圣人欲上民，必以言下之，欲先民，必以身后之；是以圣人处上而民不重，处前而民不害；是以天下乐推而不厌；以其不争，故天下莫能与之争。王弼此章注阙，道藏本经文后直接第六十七章；严遵《指归》此章亦无辑文。全章以江海善下为喻：江海卑下，故百川归往而为百谷王；圣人法之，欲居人上则以言谦下，欲居人前则退身居后；故处上而民不以为重，处前而民不以为害；天下乐推而不厌；终以不争，故天下莫能与之争。河上公逐句为注，以江海卑下故众流归之若民归就王释善下；以圣人在民上为主不以尊贵虐下、在民前不以光明蔽后释不重不害；以恩深爱厚视民如赤子释乐推不厌；以不与人争先后、人皆有为无能与吾争无为释末句，注十一条。成玄英标章义，分全章为三：举譬以表虚忘、法说用彰谦退、结叹柔弱之能；以王为往、百谷犹百川，江海善居洼下，人能退身谦下虚柔容物则为苍生所归；以上人为欲令众生居己之上而言说柔和恒自谦下，以先人为欲令众生在己身先度而退身居物之后，守退翻进；以轻徭薄赋、恩覃万物释不重，以民歌击壤、宇内清夷释不害；以谦和不与物争、违顺平等是非永息释末句；章义一则、疏五条。唐玄宗御注以江海善能卑下故百川朝宗，谦为德柄、尊用弥光，言谦下之则百姓欣戴、身退后之则百姓子来；御疏引《易》「地道变盈而流谦」，以知满必招损、言则谦柔名则孤寡，不欲先人而㧑谦后己，劳身逸人、薄己厚物，弘济无私、与物为春申之；御注四条、御疏五条。李荣以海处卑下为百谷王，明圣人谦虚为万国之主；谦居物下有德故推之为上，退身度人怀道故尊之在先；无德者物所同厌，有道者人皆乐推，注三条。陆希声引《易》天道亏盈而益谦四句，谓谦之为德卑以自牧，江海以谦为德而为百谷所归往，圣人以谦为德故为天下所先上；又引《书》「汝唯不争，故天下莫与汝争能」，传一段。吕惠卿以能为天下王者亦善下之而已，玄德即下下之道，引庄周玄圣素王、舜玄德升闻为证；以孤寡不谷、受国之垢与不祥为言下之，以迫而后动、感而后应、不得已而后起为身后之；不重则戴之为轻，不害则从之为利，传一段。苏辙谓圣人非欲上人非欲先人，盖下之后之，其道不得不上且先耳，解一条。吴澄以百谷之水同归江海如天下之人同归一王，言下之则卑屈其言，身后之则退却其身，此谦让盛德非有心于上人先人；重为难、害为患；天下乐于推戴，以其卑抑退逊不争，引董氏、扬雄语为证，注四条。憨山以无我之德释之，百川不拘净秽总归江海，江海能容以其善下；言者心之声，虚心应物故出言必谦下如孤寡不谷；身者心之表，忘己与人故不以一己之养害天下；有天下而不与，故民自堪命、自遂生；无我之至乃不争之德，争非争斗谓心不驰竞于物，引庄子「兼忘天下易，使天下忘己难」，解一段（本站分三条）。魏源以惟下乃大为老氏宗旨，天下归往之谓王、百川归会之谓海，能成其大由其能下而无不容，引《书》「汝惟不矜」、金人铭、扬雄、董思靖、苏辙诸说，本义一段。王夫之以未易下尤未易善下立说，谓将抑之而激之必亢、将浚之而祗以不平，独立为物所归则积厚，积厚无所输则欲抑浚而不能；江则有海，海则有尾闾；圣人有善过而不留，受天下之归而自不餍；返息于踵，返踵于天，照之以自然，推移宿气，乃入寥天一，衍二条。河上公题「后己第六十六」（四部丛刊本作「后巳」）；《玄德纂疏》、吕惠卿、苏辙题「江海为百谷王章第六十六」，王弼本无章题；吴澄以此章为其第五十六章；魏源合此章与《天下皆谓》章前三句为其第五十七章；王夫之标「六十六章」。王弼、河上公、憨山、魏源、王夫之作「上民」「必以言下之」「必以身」「民不重」「民不害」；成玄英、唐玄宗、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄作「上人」「以其言下之」「以其身」「人不重」「人不害」；李荣作「上民」「以其言」「人不重」而「民不害」；魏源本无「是以」下「圣人」二字；吴澄「以其善下之也」多「也」字；李荣注引经作「以其无争」。并见校记。", 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