{
 "meta": {
  "book": {
   "id": "laozi",
   "title": "老子",
   "titleSimp": "老子",
   "author": "老聃",
   "authorSimp": "老聃",
   "era": "春秋",
   "eraSimp": "春秋",
   "editor": "河上公、王弼等",
   "editorSimp": "河上公、王弼等",
   "edition": "王弼《老子注》",
   "editionSimp": "王弼《老子注》",
   "slug": "laozi",
   "baseLabel": "王弼《老子注》",
   "baseLabelSimp": "王弼《老子注》",
   "separationLabel": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英義疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、嚴遵指歸、李榮注、陸希聲傳、呂惠卿傳、蘇轍老子解、吳澄道德真經注、憨山道德經解、魏源老子本義、俞樾平議、王夫之老子衍十四家",
   "separationLabelSimp": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英义疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、严遵指归、李荣注、陆希声传、吕惠卿传、苏辙老子解、吴澄道德真经注、憨山道德经解、魏源老子本义、俞樾平议、王夫之老子衍十四家",
   "intro": "《老子》八十一章，分道經、德經。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》為底本，逐章整理正文、舊注、今譯與校記；第一至八十一章已上線，全帙完竣。",
   "introSimp": "《老子》八十一章，分道经、德经。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》为底本，逐章整理正文、旧注、今译与校记；第一至八十一章已上线，全帙完竣。"
  },
  "chapter": {
   "id": "laozi-68",
   "no": 68,
   "part": "德經",
   "partSimp": "德经",
   "title": "第六十八章",
   "titleSimp": "第六十八章",
   "intro": "《老子》第六十八章，河上公題「配天第六十八」；《玄德纂疏》成玄英題「古之善為士章第六十八」，呂惠卿、蘇轍題「善為士章第六十八」，王弼本無章題；吳澄合此章與前後二章為其第五十七章；魏源合第六十七至六十九章為其第五十八章。王弼道藏本正文七句：善為士者不武；善戰者不怒；善勝敵者不與；善用人者為之下；是謂不爭之德；是謂用人之力；是謂配天古之極。全章以四善發端：善為士者不逞武勇，善戰者不憑憤怒，善勝敵者不與爭鬥，善用人者對人謙下。次以三句結之：不與人爭，是為不爭之德；能下人而用人之力，是為用人之力；能行此者，德配天地，是為古之極。河上公逐句為注八條，以言貴道德、不好武力釋不武，以禁邪於胷心、絕禍於未萌、無所誅怒釋不怒，以附近以仁、來遠以德、不與敵爭而敵自服釋不與，以常為人執謙下釋為之下，以不與人爭之道德、用人臣之力、德配天地、古之極要道分釋末三句。王弼注四條，以「士，卒之帥也，武尚先陵人」釋不武，以「後而不先，應而不唱」釋不怒，以「不與爭也」釋不與，以「用人而不為之下，則力不為用」釋用人之力，末三句無注。成玄英標章義，分全章為三別：爰引古實以勖行人、略舉三善顯其勝行、結成極道嘆美功能；其疏以靜退無為、不捨慈而武勇釋不武，以善達前境虛幻、妙體違順兩空釋不怒，以不為塵染、既不喜怒何所爭釋不與，以能行謙下必為物所歸釋為之下，以不與物爭成己之德、謙下雌柔物必歸之、合至理之自然契古始之極道分釋末三句。唐玄宗御注以士為事、武為威武，明德之君行慈儉而伏物，不威武以御人；以應敵以慈則善不憑怒；以師克在和、全勝之善故不交爭；以必先下之為善用；以善勝、為下分屬不爭之德、用人之力，能如此者可以配天稱帝。御疏更以尚德釋不武、以止敵釋不怒、以慈和不爭敵人自伏釋不與，引《易》「以貴下賤」、《詩》「悅以使民」申謙下用人之義。李榮以慈來物、以德伏人、無鬭以力釋不武，以息寇亂、救物用慈釋不怒，以道濟天下、五兵不作、無心受推釋不與，以寬則得眾、謙則無咎釋為之下，以虛心實腹、坐忘合道總釋全章。陸希聲以慈愛士卒、唱而後應、因勢而取、卑身損己分釋四善，以用師以和而克、使民悅以犯難分釋二用，以克配上帝、古者至極為結。呂惠卿以士以事道將人為任、體道者不爭能下人立說，以不爭為德、用人為力、无為為天釋末三句。蘇轍以士以武為本而行之以怯、聖人不得已而後戰、以吾不爭故能勝彼之爭、人皆有相上之心故能下之則天下皆吾用分釋四善。吳澄以此章申言慈之寶，歷敘古者車戰甲士戰卒之制，謂慈者用兵士不欲强武、戰不欲奮怒、勝敵不待對陣較力，吾之智能雖在人上而歉然若不智，用他人之智為智、用他人之能為能，如天之不爭而勝、無為而成。憨山以一章主意全在「善用人者為之下」一句，假兵家戰勝之事形容其慈，又以乾下坤上為泰、聖人處民上而心在下為配天之德。魏源合三章為一，引焦氏竑「至爭者性兵，故借之以明不爭之德」與王弼注，校記出「一本無敵字、傅奕與作爭、河上作不與爭」諸異文。嚴遵《指歸》此章《玄德纂疏》無輯文；王夫之《老子衍》公開轉錄本此章全闕；俞樾《諸子平議》此章未列。本站以王弼《老子注》道藏本為底本，分列河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英義疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、李榮注、陸希聲傳、呂惠卿傳、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》，並附編者今譯。",
   "introSimp": "《老子》第六十八章，河上公题「配天第六十八」；《玄德纂疏》成玄英题「古之善为士章第六十八」，吕惠卿、苏辙题「善为士章第六十八」，王弼本无章题；吴澄合此章与前后二章为其第五十七章；魏源合第六十七至六十九章为其第五十八章。王弼道藏本正文七句：善为士者不武；善战者不怒；善胜敌者不与；善用人者为之下；是谓不争之德；是谓用人之力；是谓配天古之极。全章以四善发端：善为士者不逞武勇，善战者不凭愤怒，善胜敌者不与争斗，善用人者对人谦下。次以三句结之：不与人争，是为不争之德；能下人而用人之力，是为用人之力；能行此者，德配天地，是为古之极。河上公逐句为注八条，以言贵道德、不好武力释不武，以禁邪于胷心、绝祸于未萌、无所诛怒释不怒，以附近以仁、来远以德、不与敌争而敌自服释不与，以常为人执谦下释为之下，以不与人争之道德、用人臣之力、德配天地、古之极要道分释末三句。王弼注四条，以「士，卒之帅也，武尚先陵人」释不武，以「后而不先，应而不唱」释不怒，以「不与争也」释不与，以「用人而不为之下，则力不为用」释用人之力，末三句无注。成玄英标章义，分全章为三别：爰引古实以勖行人、略举三善显其胜行、结成极道叹美功能；其疏以静退无为、不舍慈而武勇释不武，以善达前境虚幻、妙体违顺两空释不怒，以不为尘染、既不喜怒何所争释不与，以能行谦下必为物所归释为之下，以不与物争成己之德、谦下雌柔物必归之、合至理之自然契古始之极道分释末三句。唐玄宗御注以士为事、武为威武，明德之君行慈俭而伏物，不威武以御人；以应敌以慈则善不凭怒；以师克在和、全胜之善故不交争；以必先下之为善用；以善胜、为下分属不争之德、用人之力，能如此者可以配天称帝。御疏更以尚德释不武、以止敌释不怒、以慈和不争敌人自伏释不与，引《易》「以贵下贱」、《诗》「悦以使民」申谦下用人之义。李荣以慈来物、以德伏人、无鬭以力释不武，以息寇乱、救物用慈释不怒，以道济天下、五兵不作、无心受推释不与，以宽则得众、谦则无咎释为之下，以虚心实腹、坐忘合道总释全章。陆希声以慈爱士卒、唱而后应、因势而取、卑身损己分释四善，以用师以和而克、使民悦以犯难分释二用，以克配上帝、古者至极为结。吕惠卿以士以事道将人为任、体道者不争能下人立说，以不争为德、用人为力、无为为天释末三句。苏辙以士以武为本而行之以怯、圣人不得已而后战、以吾不争故能胜彼之争、人皆有相上之心故能下之则天下皆吾用分释四善。吴澄以此章申言慈之宝，历叙古者车战甲士战卒之制，谓慈者用兵士不欲强武、战不欲奋怒、胜敌不待对阵较力，吾之智能虽在人上而歉然若不智，用他人之智为智、用他人之能为能，如天之不争而胜、无为而成。憨山以一章主意全在「善用人者为之下」一句，假兵家战胜之事形容其慈，又以干下坤上为泰、圣人处民上而心在下为配天之德。魏源合三章为一，引焦氏竑「至争者性兵，故借之以明不争之德」与王弼注，校记出「一本无敌字、傅奕与作争、河上作不与争」诸异文。严遵《指归》此章《玄德纂疏》无辑文；王夫之《老子衍》公开转录本此章全阙；俞樾《诸子平议》此章未列。本站以王弼《老子注》道藏本为底本，分列河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英义疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、李荣注、陆希声传、吕惠卿传、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》，并附编者今译。",
   "guide": "點擊任一句可展開句注；點擊字詞可看本句訓釋；按「諸家並觀」可將同一句的舊注並列對讀，本章十一家舊注。河上公逐句為注八條；王弼注四條；成玄英章義一則、疏八條；唐玄宗御注五條、御疏七條；李榮七條；陸希聲傳一段；呂惠卿傳一段；蘇轍四條；吳澄注一段；憨山解一段（本站分二條）；魏源本義摘錄一段、校記一條。嚴遵《指歸》此章《玄德纂疏》無輯文；王夫之《老子衍》此章全闕；俞樾此章未列。河上公題「配天第六十八」；成玄英題「古之善為士章第六十八」；呂惠卿、蘇轍題「善為士章第六十八」；吳澄合此章入其第五十七章；魏源合第六十七至六十九章為其第五十八章。諸本異文：河上公作「善勝戰者不與」「善用人者為下」；成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、憨山作「善勝敵者不爭」；王弼、吳澄、魏源作「不與」；魏源本作「善用人者之下」，校記謂一本無「敵」字、傅奕「與」作「爭」。正文從王弼道藏本，異文見校記。",
   "guideSimp": "点击任一句可展开句注；点击字词可看本句训释；按「诸家并观」可将同一句的旧注并列对读，本章十一家旧注。河上公逐句为注八条；王弼注四条；成玄英章义一则、疏八条；唐玄宗御注五条、御疏七条；李荣七条；陆希声传一段；吕惠卿传一段；苏辙四条；吴澄注一段；憨山解一段（本站分二条）；魏源本义摘录一段、校记一条。严遵《指归》此章《玄德纂疏》无辑文；王夫之《老子衍》此章全阙；俞樾此章未列。河上公题「配天第六十八」；成玄英题「古之善为士章第六十八」；吕惠卿、苏辙题「善为士章第六十八」；吴澄合此章入其第五十七章；魏源合第六十七至六十九章为其第五十八章。诸本异文：河上公作「善胜战者不与」「善用人者为下」；成玄英、唐玄宗、李荣、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、憨山作「善胜敌者不争」；王弼、吴澄、魏源作「不与」；魏源本作「善用人者之下」，校记谓一本无「敌」字、傅奕「与」作「争」。正文从王弼道藏本，异文见校记。",
   "slug": "68",
   "order": 68,
   "status": "published",
   "revision": "初校",
   "review": "待复核",
   "updated": "2026-10-30",
   "summary": "第六十八章〈配天章〉七句：善為士者不武；善戰者不怒；善勝敵者不與；善用人者為之下；是謂不爭之德；是謂用人之力；是謂配天古之極。嚴遵《指歸》此章《玄德纂疏》無輯文；王夫之《老子衍》公開轉錄本此章全闕；俞樾《諸子平議》此章未列，故不列。全章以四善發端：善為士者不逞武勇，善戰者不憑憤怒，善勝敵者不與爭鬥，善用人者對人謙下；末以三句結之：不與人爭是為不爭之德，能下人而用人之力是為用人之力，能行此者德配天地是為古之極。河上公逐句為注八條，以言貴道德、不好武力釋不武，以禁邪於胷心、絕禍於未萌、無所誅怒釋不怒，以附近以仁、來遠以德、不與敵爭而敵自服釋不與，以常為人執謙下釋為之下，以不與人爭之道德、用人臣之力、德配天地、古之極要道分釋末三句。王弼注四條，以「士，卒之帥也，武尚先陵人」釋不武，以「後而不先，應而不唱」釋不怒，以「不與爭也」釋不與，以「用人而不為之下，則力不為用也」釋為之下與用人之力，末三句無注。成玄英標章義，分全章為三別：爰引古實以勖行人、略舉三善顯其勝行、結成極道嘆美功能；疏以靜退無為、不捨慈而武勇釋不武，以善達前境虛幻、制敵於未萌、妙體違順兩空釋不怒，以不為塵染、既不喜怒何所爭釋不與，以能行謙下必為物所歸釋為之下，以不與物爭成己之德、謙下雌柔物必歸之、合至理之自然契古始之極道分釋末三句；章義一則、疏八條。唐玄宗御注五條，以士為事、武為威武，明德之君行慈儉而伏物、不威武以御人釋不武，以應敵以慈則善不憑怒釋不怒，以師克在和、全勝之善故不交爭釋不與，以必先下之為善用釋為之下，末三句合注，以善勝屬不爭之德、為下屬用人之力，能如此者可以配天稱帝、為古之至極要道。御疏七條，以尚德釋不武、以止敵釋不怒、以慈和不爭敵人自伏釋不與，引《易》「以貴下賤」、《詩》「悅以使民」申謙下用人之義，以物竭其能、人盡其用釋不爭之德，以配天稱帝、古之至極要道總結。李榮七條，以慈來物、以德伏人、無鬭以力、不好以勇、無為而化釋不武，以息寇亂、救物用慈釋不怒，以道濟天下、四海來王、五兵不作、無心受推釋不與，以使物不失方圓、任物各得文武、寬則得眾、謙則無咎釋為之下，以不武不怒而能勝敵結不爭之德，以善用人為下人為之盡力結用人之力，末以虛心實腹、坐忘合道、不假威權、無勞勇猛總結全章。陸希聲傳一段，以慈愛士卒、唱而後應、因勢而取、卑身損己分釋四善，以用師以和而克釋不爭之德、使民悅以犯難釋用人之力，以克配上帝、古者至極作結。呂惠卿傳一段，以士之事道將人為任、體道者不爭能下人立說，以不爭為德、用人為力、无為為天釋末三句。蘇轍四條，以士以武為本而行之以怯、聖人不得已而後戰、以吾不爭故能勝彼之爭、人皆有相上之心故能下之則天下皆吾用分釋四善，末三句無注。吳澄注一段，謂申言慈之寶，歷敘古者車戰甲士戰卒之制，慈者用兵士不欲强武、戰不欲奮怒、勝敵不待對陣較力，吾之智能雖在人上而歉然若不智，用他人之智為智、用他人之能為能，如天之不爭而勝、無為而成。憨山解一段（本站分二條），以一章主意全在「善用人者為之下」一句，假兵家戰勝之事形容其慈，以乾下坤上為泰、聖人處民上而心在下為配天之德，以專氣致柔、不見物為對則不期下而自下作結。魏源合第六十七至六十九章為其第五十八章，引焦氏竑「至爭者性兵，故借之以明不爭之德」與王弼注，校記出「一本無敵字、傅奕與作爭、河上作不與爭」諸異文，本義摘錄一段、校記一條。河上公題「配天第六十八」，經文作「善勝戰者不與」「善用人者為下」；成玄英題「古之善為士章第六十八」；呂惠卿、蘇轍題「善為士章第六十八」，王弼本無章題；吳澄合此章與前後二章為其第五十七章。河上公作「善勝戰者不與」，成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、憨山作「善勝敵者不爭」，王弼、吳澄、魏源作「不與」；魏源本作「善用人者之下」，校記謂一本無「敵」字、傅奕「與」作「爭」、河上作「不與爭」。並見校記。",
   "summarySimp": "第六十八章〈配天章〉七句：善为士者不武；善战者不怒；善胜敌者不与；善用人者为之下；是谓不争之德；是谓用人之力；是谓配天古之极。严遵《指归》此章《玄德纂疏》无辑文；王夫之《老子衍》公开转录本此章全阙；俞樾《诸子平议》此章未列，故不列。全章以四善发端：善为士者不逞武勇，善战者不凭愤怒，善胜敌者不与争斗，善用人者对人谦下；末以三句结之：不与人争是为不争之德，能下人而用人之力是为用人之力，能行此者德配天地是为古之极。河上公逐句为注八条，以言贵道德、不好武力释不武，以禁邪于胷心、绝祸于未萌、无所诛怒释不怒，以附近以仁、来远以德、不与敌争而敌自服释不与，以常为人执谦下释为之下，以不与人争之道德、用人臣之力、德配天地、古之极要道分释末三句。王弼注四条，以「士，卒之帅也，武尚先陵人」释不武，以「后而不先，应而不唱」释不怒，以「不与争也」释不与，以「用人而不为之下，则力不为用也」释为之下与用人之力，末三句无注。成玄英标章义，分全章为三别：爰引古实以勖行人、略举三善显其胜行、结成极道叹美功能；疏以静退无为、不舍慈而武勇释不武，以善达前境虚幻、制敌于未萌、妙体违顺两空释不怒，以不为尘染、既不喜怒何所争释不与，以能行谦下必为物所归释为之下，以不与物争成己之德、谦下雌柔物必归之、合至理之自然契古始之极道分释末三句；章义一则、疏八条。唐玄宗御注五条，以士为事、武为威武，明德之君行慈俭而伏物、不威武以御人释不武，以应敌以慈则善不凭怒释不怒，以师克在和、全胜之善故不交争释不与，以必先下之为善用释为之下，末三句合注，以善胜属不争之德、为下属用人之力，能如此者可以配天称帝、为古之至极要道。御疏七条，以尚德释不武、以止敌释不怒、以慈和不争敌人自伏释不与，引《易》「以贵下贱」、《诗》「悦以使民」申谦下用人之义，以物竭其能、人尽其用释不争之德，以配天称帝、古之至极要道总结。李荣七条，以慈来物、以德伏人、无鬭以力、不好以勇、无为而化释不武，以息寇乱、救物用慈释不怒，以道济天下、四海来王、五兵不作、无心受推释不与，以使物不失方圆、任物各得文武、宽则得众、谦则无咎释为之下，以不武不怒而能胜敌结不争之德，以善用人为下人为之尽力结用人之力，末以虚心实腹、坐忘合道、不假威权、无劳勇猛总结全章。陆希声传一段，以慈爱士卒、唱而后应、因势而取、卑身损己分释四善，以用师以和而克释不争之德、使民悦以犯难释用人之力，以克配上帝、古者至极作结。吕惠卿传一段，以士之事道将人为任、体道者不争能下人立说，以不争为德、用人为力、无为为天释末三句。苏辙四条，以士以武为本而行之以怯、圣人不得已而后战、以吾不争故能胜彼之争、人皆有相上之心故能下之则天下皆吾用分释四善，末三句无注。吴澄注一段，谓申言慈之宝，历叙古者车战甲士战卒之制，慈者用兵士不欲强武、战不欲奋怒、胜敌不待对阵较力，吾之智能虽在人上而歉然若不智，用他人之智为智、用他人之能为能，如天之不争而胜、无为而成。憨山解一段（本站分二条），以一章主意全在「善用人者为之下」一句，假兵家战胜之事形容其慈，以干下坤上为泰、圣人处民上而心在下为配天之德，以专气致柔、不见物为对则不期下而自下作结。魏源合第六十七至六十九章为其第五十八章，引焦氏竑「至争者性兵，故借之以明不争之德」与王弼注，校记出「一本无敌字、傅奕与作争、河上作不与争」诸异文，本义摘录一段、校记一条。河上公题「配天第六十八」，经文作「善胜战者不与」「善用人者为下」；成玄英题「古之善为士章第六十八」；吕惠卿、苏辙题「善为士章第六十八」，王弼本无章题；吴澄合此章与前后二章为其第五十七章。河上公作「善胜战者不与」，成玄英、唐玄宗、李荣、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、憨山作「善胜敌者不争」，王弼、吴澄、魏源作「不与」；魏源本作「善用人者之下」，校记谓一本无「敌」字、傅奕「与」作「争」、河上作「不与争」。并见校记。",
   "dataFile": "data/chapters/laozi-68.json",
   "relationsFile": "data/commentary-relations-laozi-68.json",
   "url": "/laozi/68/",
   "volumeId": "dejing",
   "volumeTitle": "德經",
   "volumeTitleSimp": "德经",
   "orderLabel": "第六十八"
  },
  "edition": {
   "base": "王弼《老子注》",
   "baseEdition": "王弼《老子注》道藏本（德經卷四）",
   "separation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》諸本對校；河上公此章據四部叢刊本；王弼此章據道藏本；成玄英、唐玄宗御注御疏、李榮此章據《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引；陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄據《道藏》本卷四；嚴遵《指歸》此章《玄德纂疏》無輯文；王夫之《老子衍》此章全闕；俞樾《諸子平議》此章未列",
   "punctuation": "數字轉錄所附現代標點，本站僅作閱讀輔助，尚未逐字復核原刻",
   "digital": "中華典藏網、識典古籍、大道家園公開轉錄、Kanripo 漢籍全文資料庫（僅作文字底本）",
   "caution": "王弼道藏本正文作「善為士者不武。善戰者不怒。善勝敵者不與。善用人者為之下。是謂不爭之德。是謂用人之力。是謂配天古之極」，本站分七句。河上公題「配天第六十八」，經文作「善勝戰者不與」「善用人者為下」；成玄英題「古之善為士章第六十八」；呂惠卿、蘇轍題「善為士章第六十八」；吳澄合此章與前後二章為其第五十七章；魏源合第六十七至六十九章為其第五十八章。諸本異文：河上公作「善勝戰者不與」「善用人者為下」；成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、憨山作「善勝敵者不爭」；魏源本作「善用人者之下」，校記謂「善勝敵者不與」一本無「敵」字、傅奕「與」作「爭」、河上作「不與爭」。正文從王弼道藏本，異文見校記。",
   "baseSimp": "王弼《老子注》",
   "baseEditionSimp": "王弼《老子注》道藏本（德经卷四）",
   "separationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、李荣《道德真经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》诸本对校；河上公此章据四部丛刊本；王弼此章据道藏本；成玄英、唐玄宗御注御疏、李荣此章据《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引；陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄据《道藏》本卷四；严遵《指归》此章《玄德纂疏》无辑文；王夫之《老子衍》此章全阙；俞樾《诸子平议》此章未列",
   "punctuationSimp": "数字转录所附现代标点，本站仅作阅读辅助，尚未逐字复核原刻",
   "digitalSimp": "中华典藏网、识典古籍、大道家园公开转录、Kanripo 汉籍全文资料库（仅作文字底本）",
   "cautionSimp": "王弼道藏本正文作「善为士者不武。善战者不怒。善胜敌者不与。善用人者为之下。是谓不争之德。是谓用人之力。是谓配天古之极」，本站分七句。河上公题「配天第六十八」，经文作「善胜战者不与」「善用人者为下」；成玄英题「古之善为士章第六十八」；吕惠卿、苏辙题「善为士章第六十八」；吴澄合此章与前后二章为其第五十七章；魏源合第六十七至六十九章为其第五十八章。诸本异文：河上公作「善胜战者不与」「善用人者为下」；成玄英、唐玄宗、李荣、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、憨山作「善胜敌者不争」；魏源本作「善用人者之下」，校记谓「善胜敌者不与」一本无「敌」字、傅奕「与」作「争」、河上作「不与争」。正文从王弼道藏本，异文见校记。"
  },
  "license": {
   "historical": "公有領域",
   "translation": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
   "code": "MIT"
  },
  "stats": {
   "sentences": 7,
   "commentaries": 51,
   "charNotes": 9,
   "collations": 7
  }
 },
 "sources": [
  {
   "id": "heshanggong",
   "name": "河上公章句",
   "short": "河上公",
   "author": "河上公",
   "work": "老子道德經章句",
   "era": "漢",
   "years": "傳漢文帝時",
   "color": "#a3542c",
   "desc": "分章句解，兼重治身與治國；此章題「配天第六十八」，逐句為注八條：以言貴道德、不好武力釋不武；以善以道戰者禁邪於胷心、絕禍於未萌、無所誅怒釋不怒；以附近以仁、來遠以德、不與敵爭而敵自服釋不與；以常為人執謙下釋為之下；以謂上為之下、是乃不與人爭之道德釋不爭之德；以能身為人下、是謂用人臣之力釋用人之力；以能行此者德配天地釋配天，以是乃古之極要道釋古之極。此章據四部叢刊本，經文作「善勝戰者不與」「善用人者為下」；注八條。",
   "count": 8,
   "nameSimp": "河上公章句",
   "workSimp": "老子道德经章句",
   "authorSimp": "河上公",
   "eraSimp": "汉",
   "yearsSimp": "传汉文帝时",
   "descSimp": "分章句解，兼重治身与治国；此章题「配天第六十八」，逐句为注八条：以言贵道德、不好武力释不武；以善以道战者禁邪于胷心、绝祸于未萌、无所诛怒释不怒；以附近以仁、来远以德、不与敌争而敌自服释不与；以常为人执谦下释为之下；以谓上为之下、是乃不与人争之道德释不争之德；以能身为人下、是谓用人臣之力释用人之力；以能行此者德配天地释配天，以是乃古之极要道释古之极。此章据四部丛刊本，经文作「善胜战者不与」「善用人者为下」；注八条。",
   "shortSimp": "河上公"
  },
  {
   "id": "wangbi",
   "name": "王弼老子注",
   "short": "王弼",
   "author": "王弼",
   "work": "老子道德經注",
   "era": "魏",
   "years": "226–249",
   "color": "#4a5a7a",
   "desc": "以無為本、以崇本息末為宗；此章注四條，以「士，卒之帥也，武尚先陵人」釋不武；以「後而不先，應而不唱」釋不怒；以「不與爭也」釋不與；以「用人而不為之下，則力不為用也」釋善用人者為之下與用人之力。末三句無注。此章據道藏本；注四條。",
   "count": 4,
   "nameSimp": "王弼老子注",
   "workSimp": "老子道德经注",
   "authorSimp": "王弼",
   "eraSimp": "魏",
   "yearsSimp": "226–249",
   "descSimp": "以无为本、以崇本息末为宗；此章注四条，以「士，卒之帅也，武尚先陵人」释不武；以「后而不先，应而不唱」释不怒；以「不与争也」释不与；以「用人而不为之下，则力不为用也」释善用人者为之下与用人之力。末三句无注。此章据道藏本；注四条。",
   "shortSimp": "王弼"
  },
  {
   "id": "chengxuanying",
   "name": "成玄英疏",
   "short": "成疏",
   "author": "成玄英",
   "work": "老子道德經義疏",
   "era": "唐",
   "years": "約 608–669",
   "color": "#6b7a4a",
   "desc": "以重玄雙遣為宗；此章《玄德纂疏》卷十七存章義與疏，章義分全章為三別：爰引古實以勖行人、略舉三善顯其勝行、結成極道嘆美功能；疏以靜退無為、不捨慈而武勇釋不武；以善達前境虛幻、制敵於未萌、妙體違順兩空、心無喜怒釋不怒；以不為塵染、既不喜怒何所爭釋不與；以能行謙下必為物所歸釋為之下；以不與物爭故成己之德、謙下雌柔物必歸之而為己用、合至理之自然契古始之極道分釋末三句。章義一則、疏八條。",
   "count": 9,
   "nameSimp": "成玄英疏",
   "workSimp": "老子道德经义疏",
   "authorSimp": "成玄英",
   "eraSimp": "唐",
   "yearsSimp": "约 608–669",
   "descSimp": "以重玄双遣为宗；此章《玄德纂疏》卷十七存章义与疏，章义分全章为三别：爰引古实以勖行人、略举三善显其胜行、结成极道叹美功能；疏以静退无为、不舍慈而武勇释不武；以善达前境虚幻、制敌于未萌、妙体违顺两空、心无喜怒释不怒；以不为尘染、既不喜怒何所争释不与；以能行谦下必为物所归释为之下；以不与物争故成己之德、谦下雌柔物必归之而为己用、合至理之自然契古始之极道分释末三句。章义一则、疏八条。",
   "shortSimp": "成疏"
  },
  {
   "id": "tangxuanzong",
   "name": "唐玄宗御注御疏",
   "short": "御注",
   "author": "唐玄宗",
   "work": "道德真經注疏",
   "era": "唐",
   "years": "685–762",
   "color": "#9a4b3f",
   "desc": "御注簡質、御疏詳申，以理國修身並重；此章御注五條、御疏七條，分列。御注以士為事、武為威武，明德之君行慈儉而伏物、不威武以御人釋不武；以應敵以慈則善不憑怒釋不怒；以師克在和、全勝之善故不交爭釋不與；以必先下之為善用釋為之下；末三句合注，以善勝屬不爭之德、為下屬用人之力，能如此者可以配天稱帝、為古之至極要道。御疏以尚德釋不武、以止敵釋不怒、以慈和不爭敵人自伏釋不與，引《易》「以貴下賤」申為之下、引《詩》「悅以使民」申用人之力，以物竭其能人盡其用釋不爭之德，以配天稱帝、古之至極要道總結。此章據《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引。",
   "count": 12,
   "nameSimp": "唐玄宗御注御疏",
   "workSimp": "道德真经注疏",
   "authorSimp": "唐玄宗",
   "eraSimp": "唐",
   "yearsSimp": "685–762",
   "descSimp": "御注简质、御疏详申，以理国修身并重；此章御注五条、御疏七条，分列。御注以士为事、武为威武，明德之君行慈俭而伏物、不威武以御人释不武；以应敌以慈则善不凭怒释不怒；以师克在和、全胜之善故不交争释不与；以必先下之为善用释为之下；末三句合注，以善胜属不争之德、为下属用人之力，能如此者可以配天称帝、为古之至极要道。御疏以尚德释不武、以止敌释不怒、以慈和不争敌人自伏释不与，引《易》「以贵下贱」申为之下、引《诗》「悦以使民」申用人之力，以物竭其能人尽其用释不争之德，以配天称帝、古之至极要道总结。此章据《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引。",
   "shortSimp": "御注"
  },
  {
   "id": "lirong",
   "name": "李榮注",
   "short": "李榮",
   "author": "李榮",
   "work": "道德真經注",
   "era": "唐",
   "years": "約 600–680",
   "color": "#5f6f8a",
   "desc": "以道本德用、修身治國並說為宗；此章七注，以慈來物、以德伏人、無鬭以力、不好以勇、無為而化釋不武；以能息寇亂、救物用慈釋不怒；以道濟天下、四海來王、五兵不作、物靡之而不刃、無心自然受推釋不與；以使物不失方圓之器、任物各得文武之材、寬則得眾謙則無咎釋為之下；以不武不怒而能勝敵結不爭之德，以善用人為下人為之盡力結用人之力；末以虛心實腹、坐忘合道、不假威權、無勞勇猛總結全章。此章據《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引。",
   "count": 7,
   "nameSimp": "李荣注",
   "workSimp": "道德真经注",
   "authorSimp": "李荣",
   "eraSimp": "唐",
   "yearsSimp": "约 600–680",
   "descSimp": "以道本德用、修身治国并说为宗；此章七注，以慈来物、以德伏人、无鬭以力、不好以勇、无为而化释不武；以能息寇乱、救物用慈释不怒；以道济天下、四海来王、五兵不作、物靡之而不刃、无心自然受推释不与；以使物不失方圆之器、任物各得文武之材、宽则得众谦则无咎释为之下；以不武不怒而能胜敌结不争之德，以善用人为下人为之尽力结用人之力；末以虚心实腹、坐忘合道、不假威权、无劳勇猛总结全章。此章据《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引。",
   "shortSimp": "李荣"
  },
  {
   "id": "luxisheng",
   "name": "陸希聲傳",
   "short": "陸傳",
   "author": "陸希聲",
   "work": "道德經傳",
   "era": "唐",
   "years": "？–895",
   "color": "#8a6f3a",
   "desc": "以體用、本末說經，長於政教；此章傳一段，以善治士卒者慈以愛人、不先犯物故不為剛武；以善戰者唱而後應、不好凌敵故不至威怒；以善勝敵者不以利動、因勢而取故不為先舉；以善用人者卑身損己、與下者齒故常為之下；以用師以和而克釋不爭之德，以使民悅以犯難釋用人之力；以天道自然、其間無巧、克配上帝、古者至極作結。傳一段。",
   "count": 1,
   "nameSimp": "陆希声传",
   "workSimp": "道德经传",
   "authorSimp": "陆希声",
   "eraSimp": "唐",
   "yearsSimp": "？–895",
   "descSimp": "以体用、本末说经，长于政教；此章传一段，以善治士卒者慈以爱人、不先犯物故不为刚武；以善战者唱而后应、不好凌敌故不至威怒；以善胜敌者不以利动、因势而取故不为先举；以善用人者卑身损己、与下者齿故常为之下；以用师以和而克释不争之德，以使民悦以犯难释用人之力；以天道自然、其间无巧、克配上帝、古者至极作结。传一段。",
   "shortSimp": "陆传"
  },
  {
   "id": "lvhuiqing",
   "name": "呂惠卿傳",
   "short": "呂傳",
   "author": "呂惠卿",
   "work": "道德真經傳",
   "era": "宋",
   "years": "1032–1111",
   "color": "#6a7d5a",
   "desc": "以道體無知、守母為本；此章傳一段，以士之為言事道而以將人為任，事道則以不爭而勝、將人則用人之力，故無所事武立說；謂為士无所事武，則善戰者不怒、善勝敵者不爭、善用人者為之下固其宜；以體道者不爭、不爭則天下莫能與之爭釋不爭之德，以體道者能下人、能下人者樂為之用而不自用釋用人之力；以德則不爭、力則用人，雖用兵之危我猶无為，无為為之之謂天，德至於无為則與天同，釋配天古之極。傳一段。",
   "count": 1,
   "nameSimp": "吕惠卿传",
   "workSimp": "道德真经传",
   "authorSimp": "吕惠卿",
   "eraSimp": "宋",
   "yearsSimp": "1032–1111",
   "descSimp": "以道体无知、守母为本；此章传一段，以士之为言事道而以将人为任，事道则以不争而胜、将人则用人之力，故无所事武立说；谓为士无所事武，则善战者不怒、善胜敌者不争、善用人者为之下固其宜；以体道者不争、不争则天下莫能与之争释不争之德，以体道者能下人、能下人者乐为之用而不自用释用人之力；以德则不争、力则用人，虽用兵之危我犹无为，无为为之之谓天，德至于无为则与天同，释配天古之极。传一段。",
   "shortSimp": "吕传"
  },
  {
   "id": "suzhe",
   "name": "蘇轍老子解",
   "short": "蘇解",
   "author": "蘇轍",
   "work": "老子解",
   "era": "宋",
   "years": "1039–1112",
   "color": "#5d7080",
   "desc": "以體道無知、無所施設為宗；此章四條，以士當以武為本而行之以怯、若以武行武則死釋不武；以聖人不得已而後戰、若出於怒是以我故殺人、天必殃之釋不怒；以吾不爭故能勝彼之爭、若皆出於爭則未必勝釋不與；以人皆有相上之心故莫能相為用、誠能下之則天下皆吾用釋為之下。末三句無注。解四條。",
   "count": 4,
   "nameSimp": "苏辙老子解",
   "workSimp": "老子解",
   "authorSimp": "苏辙",
   "eraSimp": "宋",
   "yearsSimp": "1039–1112",
   "descSimp": "以体道无知、无所施设为宗；此章四条，以士当以武为本而行之以怯、若以武行武则死释不武；以圣人不得已而后战、若出于怒是以我故杀人、天必殃之释不怒；以吾不争故能胜彼之争、若皆出于争则未必胜释不与；以人皆有相上之心故莫能相为用、诚能下之则天下皆吾用释为之下。末三句无注。解四条。",
   "shortSimp": "苏解"
  },
  {
   "id": "wucheng",
   "name": "吳澄道德真經注",
   "short": "吳注",
   "author": "吳澄",
   "work": "道德真經注",
   "era": "元",
   "years": "1249–1333",
   "color": "#7b5f7a",
   "desc": "以理氣、斂退說經，兼重字義訓詁；此章合前後二章為其第五十七章，注一段，謂申言慈之寶：四句四善字，三句言用兵，一句言用人；歷敘古者車戰甲士三人在車上、戰卒七十二人在車下，將戰必激發其眾欲其奮怒，然後能與敵爭雄取勝；慈者用兵則士不欲其强武、戰不欲其奮怒、勝敵不待與之對陣較力，兵刃不施而彼將自屈；吾之智能雖在人上歉然若不智，己雖有能退然若不能，自處於其下，用他人之智為智、用他人之能為能；以不爭為德如天之不爭而勝，以不恃智能而用人之力成己之事如天之無為而成釋配天，以惟上古聖神之至極者能如此釋古之極。注一段。",
   "count": 1,
   "nameSimp": "吴澄道德真经注",
   "workSimp": "道德真经注",
   "authorSimp": "吴澄",
   "eraSimp": "元",
   "yearsSimp": "1249–1333",
   "descSimp": "以理气、敛退说经，兼重字义训诂；此章合前后二章为其第五十七章，注一段，谓申言慈之宝：四句四善字，三句言用兵，一句言用人；历叙古者车战甲士三人在车上、战卒七十二人在车下，将战必激发其众欲其奋怒，然后能与敌争雄取胜；慈者用兵则士不欲其强武、战不欲其奋怒、胜敌不待与之对阵较力，兵刃不施而彼将自屈；吾之智能虽在人上歉然若不智，己虽有能退然若不能，自处于其下，用他人之智为智、用他人之能为能；以不争为德如天之不争而胜，以不恃智能而用人之力成己之事如天之无为而成释配天，以惟上古圣神之至极者能如此释古之极。注一段。",
   "shortSimp": "吴注"
  },
  {
   "id": "hanshan",
   "name": "憨山道德經解",
   "short": "憨山",
   "author": "釋德清",
   "work": "道德經解",
   "era": "明",
   "years": "1546–1623",
   "color": "#8a5f4a",
   "desc": "以真修、復性為本，兼重教化；此章解一段，謂此言聖人善於下人，以明不爭之德，釋上三寶之意；一章主意只在「善用人者為之下」一句，乃假兵家戰勝之事以形容其慈；士以武為主、戰以怒為主、勝敵以爭為主，三者又以氣為主，善者皆不用；乃驕矜恃氣不肯下人則人不樂其用，故古之善用人者必為之下，若以下驅人則天下歸之，是以下用人最有力；以乾下坤上為泰、天在上而用在下，聖人處民上而心在下為配天之德；以不用氣上做工夫、專氣致柔、純和之至、不見物為對則不期下而自下作結。解一段，本站分二條。",
   "count": 2,
   "nameSimp": "憨山道德经解",
   "workSimp": "道德经解",
   "authorSimp": "释德清",
   "eraSimp": "明",
   "yearsSimp": "1546–1623",
   "descSimp": "以真修、复性为本，兼重教化；此章解一段，谓此言圣人善于下人，以明不争之德，释上三宝之意；一章主意只在「善用人者为之下」一句，乃假兵家战胜之事以形容其慈；士以武为主、战以怒为主、胜敌以争为主，三者又以气为主，善者皆不用；乃骄矜恃气不肯下人则人不乐其用，故古之善用人者必为之下，若以下驱人则天下归之，是以下用人最有力；以干下坤上为泰、天在上而用在下，圣人处民上而心在下为配天之德；以不用气上做工夫、专气致柔、纯和之至、不见物为对则不期下而自下作结。解一段，本站分二条。",
   "shortSimp": "憨山"
  },
  {
   "id": "weiyuan",
   "name": "魏源老子本義",
   "short": "魏源",
   "author": "魏源",
   "work": "老子本義",
   "era": "清",
   "years": "1794–1857",
   "color": "#5a6a5a",
   "desc": "以不盈務內為宗，博引諸家而斷以源案；此章合第六十七至六十九章為其第五十八章。本義引焦氏竑「不武不怒，而遂云配天古之極者，何也？蓋至爭者性兵，故借之以明不爭之德也」，又引王弼注「士者，卒之帥也；不武不怒者，後而不先、應而不唱也；不與者，不與爭也；用人而不為之下，則不盡力也」。校記謂「善勝敵者不與」一本無「敵」字、傅奕「與」作「爭」、河上作「不與爭」；魏源本作「善用人者之下」，無「為」字。本義摘錄一段、校記一條。",
   "count": 2,
   "nameSimp": "魏源老子本义",
   "workSimp": "老子本义",
   "authorSimp": "魏源",
   "eraSimp": "清",
   "yearsSimp": "1794–1857",
   "descSimp": "以不盈务内为宗，博引诸家而断以源案；此章合第六十七至六十九章为其第五十八章。本义引焦氏竑「不武不怒，而遂云配天古之极者，何也？盖至争者性兵，故借之以明不争之德也」，又引王弼注「士者，卒之帅也；不武不怒者，后而不先、应而不唱也；不与者，不与争也；用人而不为之下，则不尽力也」。校记谓「善胜敌者不与」一本无「敌」字、傅奕「与」作「争」、河上作「不与争」；魏源本作「善用人者之下」，无「为」字。本义摘录一段、校记一条。",
   "shortSimp": "魏源"
  },
  {
   "id": "translator",
   "name": "本站今譯",
   "short": "今譯",
   "author": "LibreBook 編者",
   "work": "今譯",
   "era": "當代",
   "years": "",
   "color": "#8a8a8a",
   "desc": "編者據舊注與上下文所作語體今譯，供閱讀參照。",
   "count": 7,
   "nameSimp": "本站今译",
   "workSimp": "今译",
   "authorSimp": "LibreBook 编者",
   "eraSimp": "当代",
   "yearsSimp": "",
   "descSimp": "编者据旧注与上下文所作语体今译，供阅读参照。",
   "shortSimp": "今译"
  }
 ],
 "sentences": [
  {
   "id": "s001",
   "paragraph": 1,
   "text": "善為士者不武。",
   "textSimp": "善为士者不武。",
   "translation": "善于做士人的，不逞武勇。",
   "translationTrad": "善於做士人的，不逞武勇。",
   "noteIds": [
    "c001",
    "c009",
    "c013",
    "c014",
    "c015",
    "c022",
    "c027",
    "c034",
    "c041",
    "c042",
    "c043",
    "c047",
    "c048",
    "c050"
   ],
   "noteCount": 14,
   "charNoteIds": [
    "n001",
    "n002"
   ],
   "key": "laozi-68:s001",
   "n": 1
  },
  {
   "id": "s002",
   "paragraph": 1,
   "text": "善戰者不怒。",
   "textSimp": "善战者不怒。",
   "translation": "善于作战的，不凭愤怒。",
   "translationTrad": "善於作戰的，不憑憤怒。",
   "noteIds": [
    "c002",
    "c010",
    "c016",
    "c023",
    "c028",
    "c035",
    "c041",
    "c042",
    "c044",
    "c047",
    "c048",
    "c050"
   ],
   "noteCount": 12,
   "charNoteIds": [
    "n003"
   ],
   "key": "laozi-68:s002",
   "n": 2
  },
  {
   "id": "s003",
   "paragraph": 1,
   "text": "善勝敵者不與。",
   "textSimp": "善胜敌者不与。",
   "translation": "善于战胜敌人的，不与敌人争斗。",
   "translationTrad": "善於戰勝敵人的，不與敵人爭鬥。",
   "noteIds": [
    "c003",
    "c011",
    "c017",
    "c024",
    "c029",
    "c036",
    "c041",
    "c042",
    "c045",
    "c047",
    "c048",
    "c050",
    "c051"
   ],
   "noteCount": 13,
   "charNoteIds": [
    "n004"
   ],
   "key": "laozi-68:s003",
   "n": 3
  },
  {
   "id": "s004",
   "paragraph": 1,
   "text": "善用人者為之下。",
   "textSimp": "善用人者为之下。",
   "translation": "善于用人的，对人谦下。",
   "translationTrad": "善於用人的，對人謙下。",
   "noteIds": [
    "c004",
    "c012",
    "c018",
    "c025",
    "c030",
    "c037",
    "c041",
    "c042",
    "c046",
    "c047",
    "c048",
    "c049",
    "c050",
    "c051"
   ],
   "noteCount": 14,
   "charNoteIds": [
    "n005"
   ],
   "key": "laozi-68:s004",
   "n": 4
  },
  {
   "id": "s005",
   "paragraph": 1,
   "text": "是謂不爭之德。",
   "textSimp": "是谓不争之德。",
   "translation": "这叫做不与人争的德行。",
   "translationTrad": "這叫做不與人爭的德行。",
   "noteIds": [
    "c005",
    "c012",
    "c019",
    "c026",
    "c031",
    "c038",
    "c041",
    "c042",
    "c047",
    "c049",
    "c050"
   ],
   "noteCount": 11,
   "charNoteIds": [
    "n006"
   ],
   "key": "laozi-68:s005",
   "n": 5
  },
  {
   "id": "s006",
   "paragraph": 1,
   "text": "是謂用人之力。",
   "textSimp": "是谓用人之力。",
   "translation": "这叫做善用他人的力量。",
   "translationTrad": "這叫做善用他人的力量。",
   "noteIds": [
    "c006",
    "c012",
    "c020",
    "c026",
    "c032",
    "c039",
    "c041",
    "c042",
    "c047",
    "c049",
    "c050"
   ],
   "noteCount": 11,
   "charNoteIds": [
    "n007"
   ],
   "key": "laozi-68:s006",
   "n": 6
  },
  {
   "id": "s007",
   "paragraph": 1,
   "text": "是謂配天古之極。",
   "textSimp": "是谓配天古之极。",
   "translation": "这叫做合配天道、古来的至极法则。",
   "translationTrad": "這叫做合配天道、古來的至極法則。",
   "noteIds": [
    "c007",
    "c008",
    "c021",
    "c026",
    "c033",
    "c040",
    "c041",
    "c042",
    "c047",
    "c049",
    "c050"
   ],
   "noteCount": 11,
   "charNoteIds": [
    "n008",
    "n009"
   ],
   "key": "laozi-68:s007",
   "n": 7
  }
 ],
 "commentaries": [
  {
   "id": "c001",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "heshanggong",
   "target": {
    "start": "s001",
    "end": "s001"
   },
   "lemma": "善為士者不武",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "言貴道德，不好武力。",
   "authorNote": "",
   "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本）",
   "textSimp": "言贵道德，不好武力。",
   "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本）",
   "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本）",
   "lemmaSimp": "善为士者不武"
  },
  {
   "id": "c002",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "heshanggong",
   "target": {
    "start": "s002",
    "end": "s002"
   },
   "lemma": "善戰者不怒",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "善以道戰者，禁邪於胷心，絕禍於未萌，無所誅怒也。",
   "authorNote": "",
   "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本）",
   "textSimp": "善以道战者，禁邪于胷心，绝祸于未萌，无所诛怒也。",
   "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本）",
   "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本）",
   "lemmaSimp": "善战者不怒"
  },
  {
   "id": "c003",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "heshanggong",
   "target": {
    "start": "s003",
    "end": "s003"
   },
   "lemma": "善勝敵者不與",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "善以道勝敵者，附近以仁，來遠以德，不與敵爭，而敵自服也。",
   "authorNote": "河上公經文作「善勝戰者不與」，「戰」字疑衍；注文引作「善以道勝敵者」。",
   "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本）",
   "textSimp": "善以道胜敌者，附近以仁，来远以德，不与敌争，而敌自服也。",
   "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本）（河上公經文作「善勝戰者不與」，「戰」字疑衍；注文引作「善以道勝敵者」。）",
   "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本）",
   "authorNoteSimp": "河上公经文作「善胜战者不与」，「战」字疑衍；注文引作「善以道胜敌者」。",
   "lemmaSimp": "善胜敌者不与"
  },
  {
   "id": "c004",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "heshanggong",
   "target": {
    "start": "s004",
    "end": "s004"
   },
   "lemma": "善用人者為之下",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "善用人自輔佐者，常為人執謙下也。",
   "authorNote": "河上公經文作「善用人者為下」，無「之」字。",
   "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本）",
   "textSimp": "善用人自辅佐者，常为人执谦下也。",
   "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本）（河上公經文作「善用人者為下」，無「之」字。）",
   "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本）",
   "authorNoteSimp": "河上公经文作「善用人者为下」，无「之」字。",
   "lemmaSimp": "善用人者为之下"
  },
  {
   "id": "c005",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "heshanggong",
   "target": {
    "start": "s005",
    "end": "s005"
   },
   "lemma": "是謂不爭之德",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "謂上為之下也，是乃不與人爭之道德也。",
   "authorNote": "",
   "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本）",
   "textSimp": "谓上为之下也，是乃不与人争之道德也。",
   "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本）",
   "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本）",
   "lemmaSimp": "是谓不争之德"
  },
  {
   "id": "c006",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "heshanggong",
   "target": {
    "start": "s006",
    "end": "s006"
   },
   "lemma": "是謂用人之力",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "能身為人下，是謂用人臣之力。",
   "authorNote": "",
   "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本）",
   "textSimp": "能身为人下，是谓用人臣之力。",
   "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本）",
   "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本）",
   "lemmaSimp": "是谓用人之力"
  },
  {
   "id": "c007",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "heshanggong",
   "target": {
    "start": "s007",
    "end": "s007"
   },
   "lemma": "是謂配天",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "能行此者，德配天地。",
   "authorNote": "",
   "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本）",
   "textSimp": "能行此者，德配天地。",
   "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本）",
   "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本）",
   "lemmaSimp": "是谓配天"
  },
  {
   "id": "c008",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "heshanggong",
   "target": {
    "start": "s007",
    "end": "s007"
   },
   "lemma": "古之極",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "是乃古之極要道也。",
   "authorNote": "",
   "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本）",
   "textSimp": "是乃古之极要道也。",
   "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本）",
   "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本）",
   "lemmaSimp": "古之极"
  },
  {
   "id": "c009",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "wangbi",
   "target": {
    "start": "s001",
    "end": "s001"
   },
   "lemma": "善為士者不武",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "士，卒之帥也。武，尚先陵人也。",
   "authorNote": "王弼注原文連書，此據文義加標點。",
   "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》（道藏本）",
   "textSimp": "士，卒之帅也。武，尚先陵人也。",
   "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》（道藏本）（王弼注原文連書，此據文義加標點。）",
   "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》（道藏本）",
   "authorNoteSimp": "王弼注原文连书，此据文义加标点。",
   "lemmaSimp": "善为士者不武"
  },
  {
   "id": "c010",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "wangbi",
   "target": {
    "start": "s002",
    "end": "s002"
   },
   "lemma": "善戰者不怒",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "後而不先，應而不唱，故不在怒。",
   "authorNote": "",
   "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》（道藏本）",
   "textSimp": "后而不先，应而不唱，故不在怒。",
   "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》（道藏本）",
   "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》（道藏本）",
   "lemmaSimp": "善战者不怒"
  },
  {
   "id": "c011",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "wangbi",
   "target": {
    "start": "s003",
    "end": "s003"
   },
   "lemma": "善勝敵者不與",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "不與爭也。",
   "authorNote": "",
   "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》（道藏本）",
   "textSimp": "不与争也。",
   "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》（道藏本）",
   "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》（道藏本）",
   "lemmaSimp": "善胜敌者不与"
  },
  {
   "id": "c012",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "wangbi",
   "target": {
    "start": "s004",
    "end": "s006"
   },
   "lemma": "善用人者為之下……是謂用人之力",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "用人而不為之下，則力不為用也。",
   "authorNote": "王弼注附於「是謂用人之力」下，實兼釋「善用人者為之下」。",
   "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》（道藏本）",
   "textSimp": "用人而不为之下，则力不为用也。",
   "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》（道藏本）（王弼注附於「是謂用人之力」下，實兼釋「善用人者為之下」。）",
   "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》（道藏本）",
   "authorNoteSimp": "王弼注附于「是谓用人之力」下，实兼释「善用人者为之下」。",
   "lemmaSimp": "善用人者为之下……是谓用人之力"
  },
  {
   "id": "c013",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "chengxuanying",
   "target": {
    "start": "s001",
    "end": "s001"
   },
   "lemma": "古之善為士章第六十八",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "古之章所以次前者，前章具陳三寶，嘆美大慈，故次此章，即顯能持三寶之人會於古之極道。就此一章，義開三別：第一爰引古實以勖行人，第二略舉三善顯其勝行，第三結成極道嘆美功能。",
   "authorNote": "成玄英章義，《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引。",
   "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引）",
   "textSimp": "古之章所以次前者，前章具陈三宝，叹美大慈，故次此章，即显能持三宝之人会于古之极道。就此一章，义开三别：第一爰引古实以勖行人，第二略举三善显其胜行，第三结成极道叹美功能。",
   "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引）（成玄英章義，《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引。）",
   "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引）",
   "authorNoteSimp": "成玄英章义，《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引。",
   "lemmaSimp": "古之善为士章第六十八"
  },
  {
   "id": "c014",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "chengxuanying",
   "target": {
    "start": "s001",
    "end": "s001"
   },
   "lemma": "善為士者不武",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "夫雲司火正之時，含道懷純之代，人心質樸，不事矜華。為士者自守恬和，善戰者止戈為勝，死灰其慮，槁木其形，入獸伴而無驚，馴鳥群而不亂。故巢公飲犢，聽堯讓而莫聞；伯成耕田，抗禹詞而不顧。卓立其行，如華岳之峭；謙卑其容，若尼山之首。天子不得臣，諸侯不得友，對業龍而不驚，處木雁而何懼。此乃古之善士，可若以配天乎！",
   "authorNote": "《玄德纂疏》所引成疏第一重，總敘古之善士。",
   "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引）",
   "textSimp": "夫云司火正之时，含道怀纯之代，人心质朴，不事矜华。为士者自守恬和，善战者止戈为胜，死灰其虑，槁木其形，入兽伴而无惊，驯鸟群而不乱。故巢公饮犊，听尧让而莫闻；伯成耕田，抗禹词而不顾。卓立其行，如华岳之峭；谦卑其容，若尼山之首。天子不得臣，诸侯不得友，对业龙而不惊，处木雁而何惧。此乃古之善士，可若以配天乎！",
   "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引）（《玄德纂疏》所引成疏第一重，總敘古之善士。）",
   "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引）",
   "authorNoteSimp": "《玄德纂疏》所引成疏第一重，总叙古之善士。",
   "lemmaSimp": "善为士者不武"
  },
  {
   "id": "c015",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "chengxuanying",
   "target": {
    "start": "s001",
    "end": "s001"
   },
   "lemma": "善為士者不武",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "言古者善修道之士，靜退無為，不捨慈而武勇也。",
   "authorNote": "",
   "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引）",
   "textSimp": "言古者善修道之士，静退无为，不舍慈而武勇也。",
   "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引）",
   "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引）",
   "lemmaSimp": "善为士者不武"
  },
  {
   "id": "c016",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "chengxuanying",
   "target": {
    "start": "s002",
    "end": "s002"
   },
   "lemma": "善戰者不怒",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "善達前境虛幻，故能制敵於未萌；妙體違順兩空，是以心無喜怒。",
   "authorNote": "",
   "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引）",
   "textSimp": "善达前境虚幻，故能制敌于未萌；妙体违顺两空，是以心无喜怒。",
   "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引）",
   "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引）",
   "lemmaSimp": "善战者不怒"
  },
  {
   "id": "c017",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "chengxuanying",
   "target": {
    "start": "s003",
    "end": "s003"
   },
   "lemma": "善勝敵者不與",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "不為塵染，名曰勝敵；既不喜怒，何所爭乎。",
   "authorNote": "成玄英經文作「善勝敵者不爭」。",
   "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引）",
   "textSimp": "不为尘染，名曰胜敌；既不喜怒，何所争乎。",
   "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引）（成玄英經文作「善勝敵者不爭」。）",
   "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引）",
   "authorNoteSimp": "成玄英经文作「善胜敌者不争」。",
   "lemmaSimp": "善胜敌者不与"
  },
  {
   "id": "c018",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "chengxuanying",
   "target": {
    "start": "s004",
    "end": "s004"
   },
   "lemma": "善用人者為之下",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "夫能行謙下者，必為物所歸，故能用於人也。",
   "authorNote": "",
   "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引）",
   "textSimp": "夫能行谦下者，必为物所归，故能用于人也。",
   "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引）",
   "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引）",
   "lemmaSimp": "善用人者为之下"
  },
  {
   "id": "c019",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "chengxuanying",
   "target": {
    "start": "s005",
    "end": "s005"
   },
   "lemma": "是謂不爭之德",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "不與物爭，故成己之德，此結善勝敵不爭。",
   "authorNote": "",
   "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引）",
   "textSimp": "不与物争，故成己之德，此结善胜敌不争。",
   "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引）",
   "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引）",
   "lemmaSimp": "是谓不争之德"
  },
  {
   "id": "c020",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "chengxuanying",
   "target": {
    "start": "s006",
    "end": "s006"
   },
   "lemma": "是謂用人之力",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "謙下雌柔，不用於物，物必歸之而為己用，此結善用人為下也。",
   "authorNote": "",
   "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引）",
   "textSimp": "谦下雌柔，不用于物，物必归之而为己用，此结善用人为下也。",
   "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引）",
   "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引）",
   "lemmaSimp": "是谓用人之力"
  },
  {
   "id": "c021",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "chengxuanying",
   "target": {
    "start": "s007",
    "end": "s007"
   },
   "lemma": "是謂配天古之極",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "配合也，天自然也，極道果也。言善修之士，妙體其空，達於逆順，不與物爭，故能合至理之自然，契古始之極道，此總結成也。",
   "authorNote": "",
   "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引）",
   "textSimp": "配合也，天自然也，极道果也。言善修之士，妙体其空，达于逆顺，不与物争，故能合至理之自然，契古始之极道，此总结成也。",
   "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引）",
   "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引）",
   "lemmaSimp": "是谓配天古之极"
  },
  {
   "id": "c022",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "tangxuanzong",
   "target": {
    "start": "s001",
    "end": "s001"
   },
   "lemma": "善為士者不武",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "士，事也；武，威武也。明德之君，用道為理，行慈儉而伏物，不威武以御人，所尚以慈，故云不武。",
   "authorNote": "此為御注。",
   "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引御注御疏）",
   "textSimp": "士，事也；武，威武也。明德之君，用道为理，行慈俭而伏物，不威武以御人，所尚以慈，故云不武。",
   "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引御注御疏）（此為御注。）",
   "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引御注御疏）",
   "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注。",
   "lemmaSimp": "善为士者不武"
  },
  {
   "id": "c023",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "tangxuanzong",
   "target": {
    "start": "s002",
    "end": "s002"
   },
   "lemma": "善戰者不怒",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "事不得已，必應敵以慈，則善不憑怒；若用力以爭，非善勝，令柔遠能邇也。",
   "authorNote": "此為御注；「令」御疏作「今」。",
   "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引御注御疏）",
   "textSimp": "事不得已，必应敌以慈，则善不凭怒；若用力以争，非善胜，令柔远能迩也。",
   "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引御注御疏）（此為御注；「令」御疏作「今」。）",
   "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引御注御疏）",
   "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注；「令」御疏作「今」。",
   "lemmaSimp": "善战者不怒"
  },
  {
   "id": "c024",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "tangxuanzong",
   "target": {
    "start": "s003",
    "end": "s003"
   },
   "lemma": "善勝敵者不與",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "師克在和，和則善勝；全勝之善，故不交爭。",
   "authorNote": "此為御注。",
   "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引御注御疏）",
   "textSimp": "师克在和，和则善胜；全胜之善，故不交争。",
   "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引御注御疏）（此為御注。）",
   "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引御注御疏）",
   "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注。",
   "lemmaSimp": "善胜敌者不与"
  },
  {
   "id": "c025",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "tangxuanzong",
   "target": {
    "start": "s004",
    "end": "s004"
   },
   "lemma": "善用人者為之下",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "設以使人人盡其力，必先下之，是為善用爾。",
   "authorNote": "此為御注。",
   "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引御注御疏）",
   "textSimp": "设以使人人尽其力，必先下之，是为善用尔。",
   "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引御注御疏）（此為御注。）",
   "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引御注御疏）",
   "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注。",
   "lemmaSimp": "善用人者为之下"
  },
  {
   "id": "c026",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "tangxuanzong",
   "target": {
    "start": "s005",
    "end": "s007"
   },
   "lemma": "是謂不爭之德……是謂配天古之極",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "是謂不爭之德，是謂用人之力，是謂配天古之極。善勝是不爭之德，為下是用人之力；能如此者，可以配天稱帝，是古之至極要道也。",
   "authorNote": "此為御注，三句合注。",
   "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引御注御疏）",
   "textSimp": "是谓不争之德，是谓用人之力，是谓配天古之极。善胜是不争之德，为下是用人之力；能如此者，可以配天称帝，是古之至极要道也。",
   "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引御注御疏）（此為御注，三句合注。）",
   "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引御注御疏）",
   "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注，三句合注。",
   "lemmaSimp": "是谓不争之德……是谓配天古之极"
  },
  {
   "id": "c027",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "tangxuanzong",
   "target": {
    "start": "s001",
    "end": "s001"
   },
   "lemma": "善為士者不武",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "士，事也。善以道為理國之事者，尚德，故云不武。",
   "authorNote": "此為御疏。",
   "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引御注御疏）",
   "textSimp": "士，事也。善以道为理国之事者，尚德，故云不武。",
   "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）",
   "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引御注御疏）",
   "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。",
   "lemmaSimp": "善为士者不武"
  },
  {
   "id": "c028",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "tangxuanzong",
   "target": {
    "start": "s002",
    "end": "s002"
   },
   "lemma": "善戰者不怒",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "師出應敵，事在慈哀；蚊蚋致螫，驅除而已。是知善戰在乎止敵，不在乎憑怒，故云善戰不怒。",
   "authorNote": "此為御疏。",
   "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引御注御疏）",
   "textSimp": "师出应敌，事在慈哀；蚊蚋致螫，驱除而已。是知善战在乎止敌，不在乎凭怒，故云善战不怒。",
   "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）",
   "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引御注御疏）",
   "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。",
   "lemmaSimp": "善战者不怒"
  },
  {
   "id": "c029",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "tangxuanzong",
   "target": {
    "start": "s003",
    "end": "s003"
   },
   "lemma": "善勝敵者不與",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "善勝在夫以慈不爭，由乎尚德；若用力爭勝，非善勝也。今柔遠能邇，盡暢慈和，不與敵爭，敵人自伏，故云善勝不爭。",
   "authorNote": "此為御疏；御疏引經作「不爭」。",
   "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引御注御疏）",
   "textSimp": "善胜在夫以慈不争，由乎尚德；若用力争胜，非善胜也。今柔远能迩，尽畅慈和，不与敌争，敌人自伏，故云善胜不争。",
   "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引御注御疏）（此為御疏；御疏引經作「不爭」。）",
   "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引御注御疏）",
   "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏；御疏引经作「不争」。",
   "lemmaSimp": "善胜敌者不与"
  },
  {
   "id": "c030",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "tangxuanzong",
   "target": {
    "start": "s004",
    "end": "s004"
   },
   "lemma": "善用人者為之下",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "夫善用其人，以言謙下，人必盡力，可以成功。故《易》曰：以貴下賤，大得民也。",
   "authorNote": "此為御疏。",
   "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引御注御疏）",
   "textSimp": "夫善用其人，以言谦下，人必尽力，可以成功。故《易》曰：以贵下贱，大得民也。",
   "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）",
   "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引御注御疏）",
   "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。",
   "lemmaSimp": "善用人者为之下"
  },
  {
   "id": "c031",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "tangxuanzong",
   "target": {
    "start": "s005",
    "end": "s005"
   },
   "lemma": "是謂不爭之德",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "此結上文：善士者常柔而不武，善戰者常慈而不怒，善勝者常讓而不爭，善用者常謙而為下。夫如是者，物竭其能，人盡其用，皆謙下之所致，豈非不爭之德乎？",
   "authorNote": "此為御疏。",
   "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引御注御疏）",
   "textSimp": "此结上文：善士者常柔而不武，善战者常慈而不怒，善胜者常让而不争，善用者常谦而为下。夫如是者，物竭其能，人尽其用，皆谦下之所致，岂非不争之德乎？",
   "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）",
   "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引御注御疏）",
   "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。",
   "lemmaSimp": "是谓不争之德"
  },
  {
   "id": "c032",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "tangxuanzong",
   "target": {
    "start": "s006",
    "end": "s006"
   },
   "lemma": "是謂用人之力",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "夫玄默恭己，謙虛下人，人皆歡心，恩竭其力。故《詩》曰：悅以使民，人忘其勞。是用人之力也。",
   "authorNote": "此為御疏；「恩竭其力」疑當作「咸竭其力」。",
   "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引御注御疏）",
   "textSimp": "夫玄默恭己，谦虚下人，人皆欢心，恩竭其力。故《诗》曰：悦以使民，人忘其劳。是用人之力也。",
   "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引御注御疏）（此為御疏；「恩竭其力」疑當作「咸竭其力」。）",
   "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引御注御疏）",
   "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏；「恩竭其力」疑当作「咸竭其力」。",
   "lemmaSimp": "是谓用人之力"
  },
  {
   "id": "c033",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "tangxuanzong",
   "target": {
    "start": "s007",
    "end": "s007"
   },
   "lemma": "是謂配天古之極",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "此總結上來四善之行，不爭之德；能行之者，可以配天稱帝，是古之至極要道也。",
   "authorNote": "此為御疏。",
   "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引御注御疏）",
   "textSimp": "此总结上来四善之行，不争之德；能行之者，可以配天称帝，是古之至极要道也。",
   "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）",
   "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引御注御疏）",
   "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。",
   "lemmaSimp": "是谓配天古之极"
  },
  {
   "id": "c034",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "lirong",
   "target": {
    "start": "s001",
    "end": "s001"
   },
   "lemma": "善為士者不武",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "以慈來物，以德伏人，無鬭以力，不好以勇，無為而化，斯不武也。",
   "authorNote": "",
   "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引）",
   "textSimp": "以慈来物，以德伏人，无鬭以力，不好以勇，无为而化，斯不武也。",
   "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引）",
   "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引）",
   "lemmaSimp": "善为士者不武"
  },
  {
   "id": "c035",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "lirong",
   "target": {
    "start": "s002",
    "end": "s002"
   },
   "lemma": "善戰者不怒",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "能息寇亂，善戰也；救物用慈，不怒也。",
   "authorNote": "",
   "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引）",
   "textSimp": "能息寇乱，善战也；救物用慈，不怒也。",
   "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引）",
   "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引）",
   "lemmaSimp": "善战者不怒"
  },
  {
   "id": "c036",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "lirong",
   "target": {
    "start": "s003",
    "end": "s003"
   },
   "lemma": "善勝敵者不與",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "道濟天下，四海來王；德綏宇內，五兵不作。物則靡之而不刃，故言勝敵；無心自然受推，故言不爭。",
   "authorNote": "李榮經文作「善勝敵者不爭」。",
   "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引）",
   "textSimp": "道济天下，四海来王；德绥宇内，五兵不作。物则靡之而不刃，故言胜敌；无心自然受推，故言不争。",
   "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引）（李榮經文作「善勝敵者不爭」。）",
   "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引）",
   "authorNoteSimp": "李荣经文作「善胜敌者不争」。",
   "lemmaSimp": "善胜敌者不与"
  },
  {
   "id": "c037",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "lirong",
   "target": {
    "start": "s004",
    "end": "s004"
   },
   "lemma": "善用人者為之下",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "使人不失方圓之器，任物各得文武之材，善用也。寬則得眾，謙則無咎，故言為下也。",
   "authorNote": "",
   "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引）",
   "textSimp": "使人不失方圆之器，任物各得文武之材，善用也。宽则得众，谦则无咎，故言为下也。",
   "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引）",
   "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引）",
   "lemmaSimp": "善用人者为之下"
  },
  {
   "id": "c038",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "lirong",
   "target": {
    "start": "s005",
    "end": "s005"
   },
   "lemma": "是謂不爭之德",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "此結上不武不怒而能勝敵也。",
   "authorNote": "",
   "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引）",
   "textSimp": "此结上不武不怒而能胜敌也。",
   "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引）",
   "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引）",
   "lemmaSimp": "是谓不争之德"
  },
  {
   "id": "c039",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "lirong",
   "target": {
    "start": "s006",
    "end": "s006"
   },
   "lemma": "是謂用人之力",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "此結善用人為下，人為之盡力也。",
   "authorNote": "",
   "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引）",
   "textSimp": "此结善用人为下，人为之尽力也。",
   "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引）",
   "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引）",
   "lemmaSimp": "是谓用人之力"
  },
  {
   "id": "c040",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "lirong",
   "target": {
    "start": "s007",
    "end": "s007"
   },
   "lemma": "是謂配天古之極",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "懷物以道，來遠用文，不戰而自勝，無爭而獨尊；其德高大，比之上天；其化淳和，比之極古。明虛心實腹，坐忘合道，不假威權，無勞勇猛，故言善為士者不武也；泯是非之情，除愛憎之見，善戰不怒也；物無害武，順而不逆，善勝敵不爭也；心王既靜，志在沖虛，耳目無擾，手足不勞，善用人為下也。合自然之理，故曰配天；契昔之真際，古之極也。",
   "authorNote": "李榮經文作「善勝敵者不爭」。",
   "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引）",
   "textSimp": "怀物以道，来远用文，不战而自胜，无争而独尊；其德高大，比之上天；其化淳和，比之极古。明虚心实腹，坐忘合道，不假威权，无劳勇猛，故言善为士者不武也；泯是非之情，除爱憎之见，善战不怒也；物无害武，顺而不逆，善胜敌不争也；心王既静，志在冲虚，耳目无扰，手足不劳，善用人为下也。合自然之理，故曰配天；契昔之真际，古之极也。",
   "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引）（李榮經文作「善勝敵者不爭」。）",
   "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引）",
   "authorNoteSimp": "李荣经文作「善胜敌者不争」。",
   "lemmaSimp": "是谓配天古之极"
  },
  {
   "id": "c041",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "luxisheng",
   "target": {
    "start": "s001",
    "end": "s007"
   },
   "lemma": "善為士者不武……古之極",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "善治士卒者，慈以愛人，不先犯物，故不為剛武；善於戰鬭者，唱而後應，不好凌敵，故不至威怒；善於勝敵者，不以利動，因勢而取，故不為先舉；善於用人者，卑身損己，與下者齒，故常為之下。用師則以和而克，故為不爭之德；使民則悅以犯難，故為用人之力。如此者，所謂天道自然，其間無巧，乃可以克配上帝，乃古者之至極。",
   "authorNote": "陸希聲經文作「善勝敵者不爭」；《道藏》本卷四此章無章題。",
   "citation": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本卷四）",
   "textSimp": "善治士卒者，慈以爱人，不先犯物，故不为刚武；善于战鬭者，唱而后应，不好凌敌，故不至威怒；善于胜敌者，不以利动，因势而取，故不为先举；善于用人者，卑身损己，与下者齿，故常为之下。用师则以和而克，故为不争之德；使民则悦以犯难，故为用人之力。如此者，所谓天道自然，其间无巧，乃可以克配上帝，乃古者之至极。",
   "citationFull": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本卷四）（陸希聲經文作「善勝敵者不爭」；《道藏》本卷四此章無章題。）",
   "citationSimp": "陆希声《道德经传》（《道藏》本卷四）",
   "authorNoteSimp": "陆希声经文作「善胜敌者不争」；《道藏》本卷四此章无章题。",
   "lemmaSimp": "善为士者不武……古之极"
  },
  {
   "id": "c042",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "lvhuiqing",
   "target": {
    "start": "s001",
    "end": "s007"
   },
   "lemma": "善為士者不武……古之極",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "士之為言事道而以將人為任者也。事道則以不爭而勝，將人則用人之力。若然者，何所事武哉？故曰善為士者不武。為士而无所事武，則善戰者不怒，善勝敵者不爭，善用人者為之下，固其宜也。何則？體道者不爭，不爭則天下莫能與之爭，則善為士者不武，善戰者不怒，善勝敵者不爭，是謂不爭之德也。體道者能下人，能下人者樂為之用而不自用，則善用人者為之下，是謂用人之力也。德則不爭，力則用人，雖用兵之危，我猶无為，況其它乎？无為為之之謂天，德至於无為，則與天同，而无以加矣，故曰是謂配天古之極。",
   "authorNote": "呂惠卿經文作「善勝敵者不爭」，題「善為士章第六十八」。",
   "citation": "呂惠卿《道德真經傳》（《道藏》本卷四）",
   "textSimp": "士之为言事道而以将人为任者也。事道则以不争而胜，将人则用人之力。若然者，何所事武哉？故曰善为士者不武。为士而无所事武，则善战者不怒，善胜敌者不争，善用人者为之下，固其宜也。何则？体道者不争，不争则天下莫能与之争，则善为士者不武，善战者不怒，善胜敌者不争，是谓不争之德也。体道者能下人，能下人者乐为之用而不自用，则善用人者为之下，是谓用人之力也。德则不争，力则用人，虽用兵之危，我犹无为，况其它乎？无为为之之谓天，德至于无为，则与天同，而无以加矣，故曰是谓配天古之极。",
   "citationFull": "呂惠卿《道德真經傳》（《道藏》本卷四）（呂惠卿經文作「善勝敵者不爭」，題「善為士章第六十八」。）",
   "citationSimp": "吕惠卿《道德真经传》（《道藏》本卷四）",
   "authorNoteSimp": "吕惠卿经文作「善胜敌者不争」，题「善为士章第六十八」。",
   "lemmaSimp": "善为士者不武……古之极"
  },
  {
   "id": "c043",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "suzhe",
   "target": {
    "start": "s001",
    "end": "s001"
   },
   "lemma": "善為士者不武",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "士當以武為本，行之以怯；若以武行武，則死矣。",
   "authorNote": "蘇轍題「善為士章第六十八」，經文作「善勝敵者不爭」。",
   "citation": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本卷四）",
   "textSimp": "士当以武为本，行之以怯；若以武行武，则死矣。",
   "citationFull": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本卷四）（蘇轍題「善為士章第六十八」，經文作「善勝敵者不爭」。）",
   "citationSimp": "苏辙《老子解》（《道藏》本卷四）",
   "authorNoteSimp": "苏辙题「善为士章第六十八」，经文作「善胜敌者不争」。",
   "lemmaSimp": "善为士者不武"
  },
  {
   "id": "c044",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "suzhe",
   "target": {
    "start": "s002",
    "end": "s002"
   },
   "lemma": "善戰者不怒",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "聖人不得已而後戰，若出於怒，是以我故殺人也；以我故殺人，天必殃之。",
   "authorNote": "",
   "citation": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本卷四）",
   "textSimp": "圣人不得已而后战，若出于怒，是以我故杀人也；以我故杀人，天必殃之。",
   "citationFull": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本卷四）",
   "citationSimp": "苏辙《老子解》（《道藏》本卷四）",
   "lemmaSimp": "善战者不怒"
  },
  {
   "id": "c045",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "suzhe",
   "target": {
    "start": "s003",
    "end": "s003"
   },
   "lemma": "善勝敵者不與",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "以吾不爭，故能勝彼之爭；若皆出於爭，則未必勝矣。",
   "authorNote": "",
   "citation": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本卷四）",
   "textSimp": "以吾不争，故能胜彼之争；若皆出于争，则未必胜矣。",
   "citationFull": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本卷四）",
   "citationSimp": "苏辙《老子解》（《道藏》本卷四）",
   "lemmaSimp": "善胜敌者不与"
  },
  {
   "id": "c046",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "suzhe",
   "target": {
    "start": "s004",
    "end": "s004"
   },
   "lemma": "善用人者為之下",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "人皆有相上之心，故莫能相為用；誠能下之，則天下皆吾用也。",
   "authorNote": "",
   "citation": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本卷四）",
   "textSimp": "人皆有相上之心，故莫能相为用；诚能下之，则天下皆吾用也。",
   "citationFull": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本卷四）",
   "citationSimp": "苏辙《老子解》（《道藏》本卷四）",
   "lemmaSimp": "善用人者为之下"
  },
  {
   "id": "c047",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "wucheng",
   "target": {
    "start": "s001",
    "end": "s007"
   },
   "lemma": "善為士者不武……古之極",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "申言慈之寶。四句四善字，三句言用兵，一句言用人也。古者車戰：為士，甲士三人在車上，左執弓，右持矛，中御車掌旗鼓，皆欲其强武；戰卒七十二人在車下，將戰必激發其眾，欲其奮怒，然後能與敵爭雄而取勝。慈者之用兵則不以此為善也：士不欲其强武，戰不欲其奮怒，勝敵不待與之對陣較力，兵刃不施，彼將自屈。吾之智能雖在人上，歉然若不智；己雖有能，退然若不能，自處於其下，用他人之智為智，用他人之能為能。不武、不怒、不與為敵而自勝者，以不爭為德，如天之不爭而勝也。為之下者，不恃智能而用人之力，成己之事，如天之無為而成，故曰配天。惟上古聖神之至極者能如此，故曰古之極。",
   "authorNote": "吳澄合此章與前後二章為其第五十七章，經文作「善勝敵者不與」。",
   "citation": "吳澄《道德真經注》（《道藏》本卷四）",
   "textSimp": "申言慈之宝。四句四善字，三句言用兵，一句言用人也。古者车战：为士，甲士三人在车上，左执弓，右持矛，中御车掌旗鼓，皆欲其强武；战卒七十二人在车下，将战必激发其众，欲其奋怒，然后能与敌争雄而取胜。慈者之用兵则不以此为善也：士不欲其强武，战不欲其奋怒，胜敌不待与之对阵较力，兵刃不施，彼将自屈。吾之智能虽在人上，歉然若不智；己虽有能，退然若不能，自处于其下，用他人之智为智，用他人之能为能。不武、不怒、不与为敌而自胜者，以不争为德，如天之不争而胜也。为之下者，不恃智能而用人之力，成己之事，如天之无为而成，故曰配天。惟上古圣神之至极者能如此，故曰古之极。",
   "citationFull": "吳澄《道德真經注》（《道藏》本卷四）（吳澄合此章與前後二章為其第五十七章，經文作「善勝敵者不與」。）",
   "citationSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》（《道藏》本卷四）",
   "authorNoteSimp": "吴澄合此章与前后二章为其第五十七章，经文作「善胜敌者不与」。",
   "lemmaSimp": "善为士者不武……古之极"
  },
  {
   "id": "c048",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "hanshan",
   "target": {
    "start": "s001",
    "end": "s004"
   },
   "lemma": "善為士者不武……善用人者為之下",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "此言聖人善於下人，以明不爭之德，釋上三寶之意也。一章主意，只在「善用人者為之下」一句，乃假兵家戰勝之事，以形容其慈，乃不爭之至耳。士者，介胄之士；武者，武勇。然士以武為主，戰以怒為主，勝敵以爭為主，三者又以氣為主。況善於為士者不用武，善於戰者不在怒，善於勝敵者不必爭，即前所云以慈用兵也。意謂武、怒、爭三者，獨兵事所必用，若用之而必死，故善者皆不用；何況常人，豈可恃之以為用耶？",
   "authorNote": "憨山此章解一段，本站分二條；經文作「善勝敵者不爭」。",
   "citation": "釋德清《道德經解》（公開轉錄本）",
   "textSimp": "此言圣人善于下人，以明不争之德，释上三宝之意也。一章主意，只在「善用人者为之下」一句，乃假兵家战胜之事，以形容其慈，乃不争之至耳。士者，介胄之士；武者，武勇。然士以武为主，战以怒为主，胜敌以争为主，三者又以气为主。况善于为士者不用武，善于战者不在怒，善于胜敌者不必争，即前所云以慈用兵也。意谓武、怒、争三者，独兵事所必用，若用之而必死，故善者皆不用；何况常人，岂可恃之以为用耶？",
   "citationFull": "釋德清《道德經解》（公開轉錄本）（憨山此章解一段，本站分二條；經文作「善勝敵者不爭」。）",
   "citationSimp": "释德清《道德经解》（公开转录本）",
   "authorNoteSimp": "憨山此章解一段，本站分二条；经文作「善胜敌者不争」。",
   "lemmaSimp": "善为士者不武……善用人者为之下"
  },
  {
   "id": "c049",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "hanshan",
   "target": {
    "start": "s004",
    "end": "s007"
   },
   "lemma": "善用人者為之下……古之極",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "乃驕矜恃氣，不肯下人，故人不樂其用，乃不善用人耳。故古之善用人者，必為之下，即此是謂不爭之德也。若以力驅人，能驅幾何？若以下驅人，則天下歸之，是以下用人，最有力也。所謂上善若水，水善利萬物而不爭，以其有力也。是謂配天古之極者：乾天，坤地，若天地正位，則為否，而萬物不生；若乾下坤上，則為泰。是知天在上而用在下也。聖人處民上而心在下，可謂配天之德。此古皇維極之道，置百姓於熙皞至樂之中，斯豈不爭之德以治天下，而為力之大者與？此章主意，全在不用氣上做工夫，即前云專氣致柔，能如嬰兒。純和之至，則形化而心忘，不見物為對，則不期下而自下矣；殆非有心要下，而為用人之術也。然學人有志於謙德，則必尊而光，況聖人無我之至乎！",
   "authorNote": "",
   "citation": "釋德清《道德經解》（公開轉錄本）",
   "textSimp": "乃骄矜恃气，不肯下人，故人不乐其用，乃不善用人耳。故古之善用人者，必为之下，即此是谓不争之德也。若以力驱人，能驱几何？若以下驱人，则天下归之，是以下用人，最有力也。所谓上善若水，水善利万物而不争，以其有力也。是谓配天古之极者：干天，坤地，若天地正位，则为否，而万物不生；若干下坤上，则为泰。是知天在上而用在下也。圣人处民上而心在下，可谓配天之德。此古皇维极之道，置百姓于熙皞至乐之中，斯岂不争之德以治天下，而为力之大者与？此章主意，全在不用气上做工夫，即前云专气致柔，能如婴儿。纯和之至，则形化而心忘，不见物为对，则不期下而自下矣；殆非有心要下，而为用人之术也。然学人有志于谦德，则必尊而光，况圣人无我之至乎！",
   "citationFull": "釋德清《道德經解》（公開轉錄本）",
   "citationSimp": "释德清《道德经解》（公开转录本）",
   "lemmaSimp": "善用人者为之下……古之极"
  },
  {
   "id": "c050",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "weiyuan",
   "target": {
    "start": "s001",
    "end": "s007"
   },
   "lemma": "善為士者不武……古之極",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "焦氏竑曰：不武不怒，而遂云配天古之極者，何也？蓋至爭者性兵，故借之以明不爭之德也。王氏弼曰：士者，卒之帥也；不武不怒者，後而不先、應而不唱也；不與者，不與爭也；用人而不為之下，則不盡力也。",
   "authorNote": "魏源合第六十七至六十九章為其第五十八章，此摘其論本章者。",
   "citation": "魏源《老子本義》（下篇，公開轉錄本）",
   "textSimp": "焦氏竑曰：不武不怒，而遂云配天古之极者，何也？盖至争者性兵，故借之以明不争之德也。王氏弼曰：士者，卒之帅也；不武不怒者，后而不先、应而不唱也；不与者，不与争也；用人而不为之下，则不尽力也。",
   "citationFull": "魏源《老子本義》（下篇，公開轉錄本）（魏源合第六十七至六十九章為其第五十八章，此摘其論本章者。）",
   "citationSimp": "魏源《老子本义》（下篇，公开转录本）",
   "authorNoteSimp": "魏源合第六十七至六十九章为其第五十八章，此摘其论本章者。",
   "lemmaSimp": "善为士者不武……古之极"
  },
  {
   "id": "c051",
   "block": 0,
   "source": "weiyuan",
   "target": {
    "start": "s003",
    "end": "s004"
   },
   "lemma": "善勝敵者不與……善用人者為之下",
   "kind": "note",
   "text": "「善勝敵者不與」，一本無「敵」字；傅奕「與」作「爭」；河上作「不與爭」。魏源本「善用人者之下」，無「為」字。",
   "authorNote": "魏源校記，附於經文下；本站正文從王弼。",
   "citation": "魏源《老子本義》（下篇，公開轉錄本）",
   "textSimp": "「善胜敌者不与」，一本无「敌」字；傅奕「与」作「争」；河上作「不与争」。魏源本「善用人者之下」，无「为」字。",
   "citationFull": "魏源《老子本義》（下篇，公開轉錄本）（魏源校記，附於經文下；本站正文從王弼。）",
   "citationSimp": "魏源《老子本义》（下篇，公开转录本）",
   "authorNoteSimp": "魏源校记，附于经文下；本站正文从王弼。",
   "lemmaSimp": "善胜敌者不与……善用人者为之下"
  }
 ],
 "charNotes": [
  {
   "id": "n001",
   "sentenceId": "s001",
   "start": 2,
   "end": 3,
   "char": "士",
   "charSimp": "士",
   "startSimp": 2,
   "endSimp": 3,
   "pinyin": "shì",
   "gloss": "武士、士卒之帥；此指將帥、士人。",
   "glossSimp": "武士、士卒之帅；此指将帅、士人。",
   "general": "河上公以言貴道德釋不武，王弼訓士為卒之帥，御注訓「事」，御疏以善以道為理國之事者釋之，吳澄謂車戰甲士，憨山謂介胄之士。",
   "generalSimp": "河上公以言贵道德释不武，王弼训士为卒之帅，御注训「事」，御疏以善以道为理国之事者释之，吴澄谓车战甲士，憨山谓介胄之士。",
   "variants": [],
   "variantsSimp": [],
   "refs": [
    "c001",
    "c009",
    "c014",
    "c015",
    "c022",
    "c027",
    "c041",
    "c042",
    "c043",
    "c047",
    "c048"
   ],
   "refsSimp": [
    "c001",
    "c009",
    "c014",
    "c015",
    "c022",
    "c027",
    "c041",
    "c042",
    "c043",
    "c047",
    "c048"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "n002",
   "sentenceId": "s001",
   "start": 5,
   "end": 6,
   "char": "武",
   "charSimp": "武",
   "startSimp": 5,
   "endSimp": 6,
   "pinyin": "wǔ",
   "gloss": "武勇、武力。",
   "glossSimp": "武勇、武力。",
   "general": "河上公謂言貴道德、不好武力；王弼謂武尚先陵人；御注以威武釋之；李榮以無鬭以力、不好以勇釋不武；吳澄謂士以武為主而慈者不欲强武；憨山謂武、怒、爭三者以氣為主。",
   "generalSimp": "河上公谓言贵道德、不好武力；王弼谓武尚先陵人；御注以威武释之；李荣以无鬭以力、不好以勇释不武；吴澄谓士以武为主而慈者不欲强武；憨山谓武、怒、争三者以气为主。",
   "variants": [],
   "variantsSimp": [],
   "refs": [
    "c001",
    "c009",
    "c015",
    "c022",
    "c027",
    "c034",
    "c040",
    "c047",
    "c048"
   ],
   "refsSimp": [
    "c001",
    "c009",
    "c015",
    "c022",
    "c027",
    "c034",
    "c040",
    "c047",
    "c048"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "n003",
   "sentenceId": "s002",
   "start": 4,
   "end": 5,
   "char": "怒",
   "charSimp": "怒",
   "startSimp": 4,
   "endSimp": 5,
   "pinyin": "nù",
   "gloss": "憤怒、逞怒。",
   "glossSimp": "愤怒、逞怒。",
   "general": "河上公謂禁邪於胷心、絕禍於未萌、無所誅怒；王弼謂後而不先、應而不唱；御注謂應敵以慈則善不憑怒；御疏謂善戰在乎止敵、不在乎憑怒；蘇轍謂出於怒則以我故殺人；憨山謂戰以怒為主。",
   "generalSimp": "河上公谓禁邪于胷心、绝祸于未萌、无所诛怒；王弼谓后而不先、应而不唱；御注谓应敌以慈则善不凭怒；御疏谓善战在乎止敌、不在乎凭怒；苏辙谓出于怒则以我故杀人；憨山谓战以怒为主。",
   "variants": [],
   "variantsSimp": [],
   "refs": [
    "c002",
    "c010",
    "c016",
    "c023",
    "c028",
    "c035",
    "c044",
    "c048"
   ],
   "refsSimp": [
    "c002",
    "c010",
    "c016",
    "c023",
    "c028",
    "c035",
    "c044",
    "c048"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "n004",
   "sentenceId": "s003",
   "start": 5,
   "end": 6,
   "char": "與",
   "charSimp": "与",
   "startSimp": 5,
   "endSimp": 6,
   "pinyin": "yǔ",
   "gloss": "爭鬥、對抗；「不與」即不與敵爭。",
   "glossSimp": "争斗、对抗；「不与」即不与敌争。",
   "general": "王弼訓「不與爭也」；河上公謂不與敵爭而敵自服；成玄英、御注、御疏、李榮、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、憨山經文並作「不爭」；吳澄、魏源作「不與」。",
   "generalSimp": "王弼训「不与争也」；河上公谓不与敌争而敌自服；成玄英、御注、御疏、李荣、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、憨山经文并作「不争」；吴澄、魏源作「不与」。",
   "variants": [],
   "variantsSimp": [],
   "refs": [
    "c003",
    "c011",
    "c017",
    "c024",
    "c029",
    "c036",
    "c041",
    "c042",
    "c045",
    "c047",
    "c050",
    "c051"
   ],
   "refsSimp": [
    "c003",
    "c011",
    "c017",
    "c024",
    "c029",
    "c036",
    "c041",
    "c042",
    "c045",
    "c047",
    "c050",
    "c051"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "n005",
   "sentenceId": "s004",
   "start": 4,
   "end": 7,
   "char": "為之下",
   "charSimp": "为之下",
   "startSimp": 4,
   "endSimp": 7,
   "pinyin": "wéi zhī xià",
   "gloss": "對人謙下、居於人下。",
   "glossSimp": "对人谦下、居于人下。",
   "general": "河上公謂常為人執謙下；王弼謂用人而不為之下則力不為用；御注謂必先下之；御疏引《易》以貴下賤；李榮謂寬則得眾、謙則無咎；蘇轍謂誠能下之則天下皆吾用；憨山謂以下驅人則天下歸之。",
   "generalSimp": "河上公谓常为人执谦下；王弼谓用人而不为之下则力不为用；御注谓必先下之；御疏引《易》以贵下贱；李荣谓宽则得众、谦则无咎；苏辙谓诚能下之则天下皆吾用；憨山谓以下驱人则天下归之。",
   "variants": [],
   "variantsSimp": [],
   "refs": [
    "c004",
    "c012",
    "c018",
    "c025",
    "c030",
    "c037",
    "c046",
    "c047",
    "c049"
   ],
   "refsSimp": [
    "c004",
    "c012",
    "c018",
    "c025",
    "c030",
    "c037",
    "c046",
    "c047",
    "c049"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "n006",
   "sentenceId": "s005",
   "start": 2,
   "end": 6,
   "char": "不爭之德",
   "charSimp": "不争之德",
   "startSimp": 2,
   "endSimp": 6,
   "pinyin": "bù zhēng zhī dé",
   "gloss": "不與人爭的德行。",
   "glossSimp": "不与人争的德行。",
   "general": "河上公謂上為之下、是乃不與人爭之道德；御注以善勝為不爭之德；御疏以物竭其能、人盡其用為謙下所致；成玄英謂不與物爭故成己之德；李榮以此結上不武不怒而能勝敵。",
   "generalSimp": "河上公谓上为之下、是乃不与人争之道德；御注以善胜为不争之德；御疏以物竭其能、人尽其用为谦下所致；成玄英谓不与物争故成己之德；李荣以此结上不武不怒而能胜敌。",
   "variants": [],
   "variantsSimp": [],
   "refs": [
    "c005",
    "c019",
    "c026",
    "c031",
    "c038",
    "c041",
    "c042",
    "c047",
    "c049",
    "c050"
   ],
   "refsSimp": [
    "c005",
    "c019",
    "c026",
    "c031",
    "c038",
    "c041",
    "c042",
    "c047",
    "c049",
    "c050"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "n007",
   "sentenceId": "s006",
   "start": 2,
   "end": 6,
   "char": "用人之力",
   "charSimp": "用人之力",
   "startSimp": 2,
   "endSimp": 6,
   "pinyin": "yòng rén zhī lì",
   "gloss": "善用他人的力量。",
   "glossSimp": "善用他人的力量。",
   "general": "河上公謂能身為人下、是謂用人臣之力；王弼謂用人而不為之下則力不為用；御注以為下是用人之力；御疏引《詩》悅以使民、民忘其勞；成玄英謂物必歸之而為己用；李榮謂人為之盡力。",
   "generalSimp": "河上公谓能身为人下、是谓用人臣之力；王弼谓用人而不为之下则力不为用；御注以为下是用人之力；御疏引《诗》悦以使民、民忘其劳；成玄英谓物必归之而为己用；李荣谓人为之尽力。",
   "variants": [],
   "variantsSimp": [],
   "refs": [
    "c006",
    "c012",
    "c020",
    "c026",
    "c032",
    "c039",
    "c041",
    "c042",
    "c047",
    "c049"
   ],
   "refsSimp": [
    "c006",
    "c012",
    "c020",
    "c026",
    "c032",
    "c039",
    "c041",
    "c042",
    "c047",
    "c049"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "n008",
   "sentenceId": "s007",
   "start": 2,
   "end": 4,
   "char": "配天",
   "charSimp": "配天",
   "startSimp": 2,
   "endSimp": 4,
   "pinyin": "pèi tiān",
   "gloss": "合配天道。",
   "glossSimp": "合配天道。",
   "general": "河上公謂能行此者德配天地；御注謂可以配天稱帝；成玄英以配合自然為釋；李榮謂其德高大比之上天；吳澄以如天之無為而成；憨山以乾下坤上為泰、聖人心在下為配天之德。",
   "generalSimp": "河上公谓能行此者德配天地；御注谓可以配天称帝；成玄英以配合自然为释；李荣谓其德高大比之上天；吴澄以如天之无为而成；憨山以干下坤上为泰、圣人心在下为配天之德。",
   "variants": [],
   "variantsSimp": [],
   "refs": [
    "c007",
    "c021",
    "c026",
    "c033",
    "c040",
    "c047",
    "c049"
   ],
   "refsSimp": [
    "c007",
    "c021",
    "c026",
    "c033",
    "c040",
    "c047",
    "c049"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "n009",
   "sentenceId": "s007",
   "start": 4,
   "end": 7,
   "char": "古之極",
   "charSimp": "古之极",
   "startSimp": 4,
   "endSimp": 7,
   "pinyin": "gǔ zhī jí",
   "gloss": "古來的至極法則。",
   "glossSimp": "古来的至极法则。",
   "general": "河上公謂是乃古之極要道；御注、御疏謂是古之至極要道；李榮謂其化淳和比之極古；吳澄謂惟上古聖神之至極者能如此；憨山謂此古皇維極之道。",
   "generalSimp": "河上公谓是乃古之极要道；御注、御疏谓是古之至极要道；李荣谓其化淳和比之极古；吴澄谓惟上古圣神之至极者能如此；憨山谓此古皇维极之道。",
   "variants": [],
   "variantsSimp": [],
   "refs": [
    "c008",
    "c021",
    "c026",
    "c033",
    "c040",
    "c047",
    "c049"
   ],
   "refsSimp": [
    "c008",
    "c021",
    "c026",
    "c033",
    "c040",
    "c047",
    "c049"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "glossary": {
  "配天第六十八": "河上公本章章題全稱。",
  "古之善為士章": "成玄英本章章題。",
  "古之善為士章第六十八": "成玄英本章章題全稱。",
  "善為士章": "呂惠卿、蘇轍本章章題。",
  "善為士章第六十八": "呂惠卿、蘇轍本章章題全稱。",
  "士": "武士、士卒之帥；此指將帥、士人。",
  "武": "武勇、武力。",
  "怒": "憤怒、逞怒。",
  "與": "爭鬥、對抗；「不與」即不與敵爭。",
  "為之下": "對人謙下、居於人下。",
  "不爭之德": "不與人爭的德行。",
  "用人之力": "善用他人的力量。",
  "配天": "合配天道。",
  "古之極": "古來的至極法則。",
  "四善": "指善為士、善戰、善勝敵、善用人四句。",
  "三善": "成玄英語，指善戰、善勝敵、善用人三句。",
  "三別": "成玄英章義所分三重：爰引古實、略舉三善、結成極道。",
  "勖行人": "成玄英語，謂勉勵修行之人。",
  "卒之帥": "王弼語，謂士為士卒之統帥。",
  "先陵": "王弼語，謂以武凌人、搶先陵犯。",
  "唱": "倡導、先發；王弼謂應而不唱。",
  "胷心": "胸中、心中；河上公語。",
  "誅怒": "責罰、逞怒；河上公語。",
  "謙下": "謙遜居下。",
  "用人臣之力": "河上公語，謂善用臣下之力。",
  "極要道": "河上公語，謂至極要妙之道。",
  "止戈": "停止干戈；成玄英語。",
  "死灰槁木": "成玄英語，形容古之善士靜寂無為之態。",
  "巢公飲犢": "成玄英語，用堯讓天下於巢父而巢父飲犢不聞之事。",
  "伯成耕田": "成玄英語，用伯成子高抗禹詞而耕田不顧之事。",
  "業龍": "成玄英語，謂遇龍而不驚。",
  "木雁": "成玄英語，用《莊子》木雁之喻。",
  "兩空": "成玄英語，謂違順二境皆空。",
  "塵染": "成玄英語，謂六塵所染。",
  "雌柔": "成玄英語，謂謙下柔順。",
  "五兵": "李榮語，指各種兵器，謂兵革不起。",
  "靡之而不刃": "李榮語，謂物望風而靡、不用兵刃。",
  "玄默恭己": "御疏語，謂靜默無為、恭己臨下。",
  "以貴下賤": "御疏引《易》語，謂以高貴之身謙下卑賤。",
  "悅以使民": "御疏引《詩》語，謂使民悅服而忘勞。",
  "柔遠能邇": "御注語，謂安撫遠人、親善近人。",
  "蚊蚋致螫": "御疏語，喻小害只須驅除，不必憑怒。",
  "全勝": "御注語，謂不戰而全勝。",
  "交爭": "御注語，謂正面爭鬥。",
  "車戰": "吳澄語，指古時以戰車作戰之制。",
  "甲士": "吳澄語，指車上披甲之士。",
  "戰卒": "吳澄語，指車下作戰之卒。",
  "否泰": "憨山語，《易》否卦與泰卦，喻上下不交與上下相交。",
  "熙皞": "憨山語，謂和樂廣大之世。",
  "維極": "憨山語，謂維繫至極之道。",
  "焦氏竑": "魏源所引明人焦竑，語見《老子翼》。",
  "傅奕": "魏源校記所引傅奕《道德經古本篇》。",
  "一本無敵字": "魏源校記語，謂別本作「善勝者不與」。",
  "四部叢刊本": "河上公此章所用底本。",
  "玄德纂疏": "唐道教注疏彙編，存成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮等佚文。",
  "指歸": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》；此章無輯文。",
  "輯文": "輯錄佚文。"
 },
 "collations": [
  {
   "sentenceId": "s001",
   "headword": "章次與章題",
   "text": "王弼本無章題。河上公題「配天第六十八」；成玄英題「古之善為士章第六十八」；呂惠卿、蘇轍題「善為士章第六十八」；陸希聲《道藏》本此章無章題；吳澄合此章與前後二章為其第五十七章；魏源合第六十七至六十九章為其第五十八章。本站從王弼本分章。",
   "source": "河上公《老子道德經章句》、王弼《老子道德經注》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》",
   "textSimp": "王弼本无章题。河上公题「配天第六十八」；成玄英题「古之善为士章第六十八」；吕惠卿、苏辙题「善为士章第六十八」；陆希声《道藏》本此章无章题；吴澄合此章与前后二章为其第五十七章；魏源合第六十七至六十九章为其第五十八章。本站从王弼本分章。",
   "headwordSimp": "章次与章题",
   "sourceSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》、王弼《老子道德经注》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、李荣《道德真经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》",
   "id": "k001"
  },
  {
   "sentenceId": "s001",
   "headword": "分章與合章",
   "text": "河上公分「善為士者」以下自為一章，題「配天第六十八」；吳澄合第六十七、六十八、六十九三章為其第五十七章；魏源亦合三章為其第五十八章，並謂「河上分善為士者以下為第二章，用兵有言以下為第三章，吳澄、姚鼐皆合為一，今從之」。本站從河上公分章，仍以王弼本七句為一章。",
   "source": "河上公《老子道德經章句》、吳澄《道德真經注》、魏源《老子本義》",
   "textSimp": "河上公分「善为士者」以下自为一章，题「配天第六十八」；吴澄合第六十七、六十八、六十九三章为其第五十七章；魏源亦合三章为其第五十八章，并谓「河上分善为士者以下为第二章，用兵有言以下为第三章，吴澄、姚鼐皆合为一，今从之」。本站从河上公分章，仍以王弼本七句为一章。",
   "headwordSimp": "分章与合章",
   "sourceSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》、吴澄《道德真经注》、魏源《老子本义》",
   "id": "k002"
  },
  {
   "sentenceId": "s003",
   "headword": "「不與」與「不爭」",
   "text": "王弼、河上公、吳澄、魏源作「善勝敵者不與」；成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、憨山作「善勝敵者不爭」。魏源校記謂傅奕「與」作「爭」、河上作「不與爭」。本站從王弼作「不與」。",
   "source": "河上公《老子道德經章句》、王弼《老子道德經注》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》",
   "textSimp": "王弼、河上公、吴澄、魏源作「善胜敌者不与」；成玄英、唐玄宗、李荣、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、憨山作「善胜敌者不争」。魏源校记谓傅奕「与」作「争」、河上作「不与争」。本站从王弼作「不与」。",
   "headwordSimp": "「不与」与「不争」",
   "sourceSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》、王弼《老子道德经注》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、李荣《道德真经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》",
   "id": "k003"
  },
  {
   "sentenceId": "s003",
   "headword": "「善勝敵」與「善勝戰」",
   "text": "諸本作「善勝敵者」；河上公四部叢刊本作「善勝戰者不與」，「戰」字疑衍，其注仍作「善以道勝敵者」；魏源校記謂一本無「敵」字。本站從王弼作「善勝敵者」。",
   "source": "河上公《老子道德經章句》、王弼《老子道德經注》、魏源《老子本義》",
   "textSimp": "诸本作「善胜敌者」；河上公四部丛刊本作「善胜战者不与」，「战」字疑衍，其注仍作「善以道胜敌者」；魏源校记谓一本无「敌」字。本站从王弼作「善胜敌者」。",
   "headwordSimp": "「善胜敌」与「善胜战」",
   "sourceSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》、王弼《老子道德经注》、魏源《老子本义》",
   "id": "k004"
  },
  {
   "sentenceId": "s004",
   "headword": "「為之下」「為下」與「之下」",
   "text": "王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山作「善用人者為之下」；河上公作「善用人者為下」，無「之」字；魏源本作「善用人者之下」，無「為」字。本站從王弼。",
   "source": "河上公《老子道德經章句》、王弼《老子道德經注》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》",
   "textSimp": "王弼、成玄英、唐玄宗、李荣、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、憨山作「善用人者为之下」；河上公作「善用人者为下」，无「之」字；魏源本作「善用人者之下」，无「为」字。本站从王弼。",
   "headwordSimp": "「为之下」「为下」与「之下」",
   "sourceSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》、王弼《老子道德经注》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、李荣《道德真经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》",
   "id": "k005"
  },
  {
   "sentenceId": "s007",
   "headword": "「配天古之極」的句讀",
   "text": "諸本作「是謂配天古之極」一句；河上公注分「能行此者，德配天地」與「是乃古之極要道也」二釋；御注、御疏以「善勝是不爭之德，為下是用人之力」分屬前二句，而以「配天稱帝、古之至極要道」總釋末句；成玄英以「配合也，天自然也，極道果也」分字為訓。本站從王弼作一句。",
   "source": "河上公《老子道德經章句》、王弼《老子道德經注》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、李榮《道德真經注》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》",
   "textSimp": "诸本作「是谓配天古之极」一句；河上公注分「能行此者，德配天地」与「是乃古之极要道也」二释；御注、御疏以「善胜是不争之德，为下是用人之力」分属前二句，而以「配天称帝、古之至极要道」总释末句；成玄英以「配合也，天自然也，极道果也」分字为训。本站从王弼作一句。",
   "headwordSimp": "「配天古之极」的句读",
   "sourceSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》、王弼《老子道德经注》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、李荣《道德真经注》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》",
   "id": "k006"
  },
  {
   "sentenceId": "s005",
   "headword": "出處、注數與嚴遵王夫之俞樾缺佚",
   "text": "河上公據四部叢刊本；王弼據道藏本；成玄英、唐玄宗御注御疏、李榮據《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引；陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄據《道藏》本卷四；憨山、魏源據公開轉錄本。嚴遵《指歸》此章《玄德纂疏》無「嚴曰」輯文；王夫之《老子衍》公開轉錄本此章全闕，經文亦不見；俞樾《諸子平議》此章未列，故均不列。河上公八條、王弼四條、成玄英章義一則與疏八條、唐玄宗御注五條、御疏七條、李榮七條、陸希聲一段、呂惠卿一段、蘇轍四條、吳澄一段、憨山一段（本站分二條）、魏源本義摘錄一段與校記一條。",
   "source": "河上公《老子道德經章句》、王弼《老子道德經注》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》",
   "textSimp": "河上公据四部丛刊本；王弼据道藏本；成玄英、唐玄宗御注御疏、李荣据《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引；陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄据《道藏》本卷四；憨山、魏源据公开转录本。严遵《指归》此章《玄德纂疏》无「严曰」辑文；王夫之《老子衍》公开转录本此章全阙，经文亦不见；俞樾《诸子平议》此章未列，故均不列。河上公八条、王弼四条、成玄英章义一则与疏八条、唐玄宗御注五条、御疏七条、李荣七条、陆希声一段、吕惠卿一段、苏辙四条、吴澄一段、憨山一段（本站分二条）、魏源本义摘录一段与校记一条。",
   "headwordSimp": "出处、注数与严遵王夫之俞樾缺佚",
   "sourceSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》、王弼《老子道德经注》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、李荣《道德真经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》",
   "id": "k007"
  }
 ],
 "glossarySimp": {
  "配天第六十八": "河上公本章章题全称。",
  "古之善为士章": "成玄英本章章题。",
  "古之善为士章第六十八": "成玄英本章章题全称。",
  "善为士章": "吕惠卿、苏辙本章章题。",
  "善为士章第六十八": "吕惠卿、苏辙本章章题全称。",
  "士": "武士、士卒之帅；此指将帅、士人。",
  "武": "武勇、武力。",
  "怒": "愤怒、逞怒。",
  "与": "争斗、对抗；「不与」即不与敌争。",
  "为之下": "对人谦下、居于人下。",
  "不争之德": "不与人争的德行。",
  "用人之力": "善用他人的力量。",
  "配天": "合配天道。",
  "古之极": "古来的至极法则。",
  "四善": "指善为士、善战、善胜敌、善用人四句。",
  "三善": "成玄英语，指善战、善胜敌、善用人三句。",
  "三别": "成玄英章义所分三重：爰引古实、略举三善、结成极道。",
  "勖行人": "成玄英语，谓勉励修行之人。",
  "卒之帅": "王弼语，谓士为士卒之统帅。",
  "先陵": "王弼语，谓以武凌人、抢先陵犯。",
  "唱": "倡导、先发；王弼谓应而不唱。",
  "胷心": "胸中、心中；河上公语。",
  "诛怒": "责罚、逞怒；河上公语。",
  "谦下": "谦逊居下。",
  "用人臣之力": "河上公语，谓善用臣下之力。",
  "极要道": "河上公语，谓至极要妙之道。",
  "止戈": "停止干戈；成玄英语。",
  "死灰槁木": "成玄英语，形容古之善士静寂无为之态。",
  "巢公饮犊": "成玄英语，用尧让天下于巢父而巢父饮犊不闻之事。",
  "伯成耕田": "成玄英语，用伯成子高抗禹词而耕田不顾之事。",
  "业龙": "成玄英语，谓遇龙而不惊。",
  "木雁": "成玄英语，用《庄子》木雁之喻。",
  "两空": "成玄英语，谓违顺二境皆空。",
  "尘染": "成玄英语，谓六尘所染。",
  "雌柔": "成玄英语，谓谦下柔顺。",
  "五兵": "李荣语，指各种兵器，谓兵革不起。",
  "靡之而不刃": "李荣语，谓物望风而靡、不用兵刃。",
  "玄默恭己": "御疏语，谓静默无为、恭己临下。",
  "以贵下贱": "御疏引《易》语，谓以高贵之身谦下卑贱。",
  "悦以使民": "御疏引《诗》语，谓使民悦服而忘劳。",
  "柔远能迩": "御注语，谓安抚远人、亲善近人。",
  "蚊蚋致螫": "御疏语，喻小害只须驱除，不必凭怒。",
  "全胜": "御注语，谓不战而全胜。",
  "交争": "御注语，谓正面争斗。",
  "车战": "吴澄语，指古时以战车作战之制。",
  "甲士": "吴澄语，指车上披甲之士。",
  "战卒": "吴澄语，指车下作战之卒。",
  "否泰": "憨山语，《易》否卦与泰卦，喻上下不交与上下相交。",
  "熙皞": "憨山语，谓和乐广大之世。",
  "维极": "憨山语，谓维系至极之道。",
  "焦氏竑": "魏源所引明人焦竑，语见《老子翼》。",
  "傅奕": "魏源校记所引傅奕《道德经古本篇》。",
  "一本无敌字": "魏源校记语，谓别本作「善胜者不与」。",
  "四部丛刊本": "河上公此章所用底本。",
  "玄德纂疏": "唐道教注疏汇编，存成玄英、唐玄宗、李荣等佚文。",
  "指归": "严遵《道德真经指归》；此章无辑文。",
  "辑文": "辑录佚文。"
 },
 "lexicon": {
  "note": "由构建脚本从字词注与常用字表生成，供义位词典和开放数据集使用；occurrence 统计按繁体与简体正文分别匹配后合并。",
  "entries": [
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    "order": 1,
    "id": "n001",
    "noteId": "n001",
    "sentenceId": "s001",
    "headword": "士",
    "headwordSimp": "士",
    "pinyin": "shì",
    "gloss": "武士、士卒之帥；此指將帥、士人。",
    "glossSimp": "武士、士卒之帅；此指将帅、士人。",
    "general": "河上公以言貴道德釋不武，王弼訓士為卒之帥，御注訓「事」，御疏以善以道為理國之事者釋之，吳澄謂車戰甲士，憨山謂介胄之士。",
    "generalSimp": "河上公以言贵道德释不武，王弼训士为卒之帅，御注训「事」，御疏以善以道为理国之事者释之，吴澄谓车战甲士，憨山谓介胄之士。",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [
     "c001",
     "c009",
     "c014",
     "c015",
     "c022",
     "c027",
     "c041",
     "c042",
     "c043",
     "c047",
     "c048"
    ],
    "refsSimp": [
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     "c041",
     "c042",
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     "c047",
     "c048"
    ],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "士",
      "formSimp": "士",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 1,
      "sentenceIds": [
       "s001"
      ]
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [
     "s001"
    ],
    "occurrenceCount": 1
   },
   {
    "order": 2,
    "id": "n002",
    "noteId": "n002",
    "sentenceId": "s001",
    "headword": "武",
    "headwordSimp": "武",
    "pinyin": "wǔ",
    "gloss": "武勇、武力。",
    "glossSimp": "武勇、武力。",
    "general": "河上公謂言貴道德、不好武力；王弼謂武尚先陵人；御注以威武釋之；李榮以無鬭以力、不好以勇釋不武；吳澄謂士以武為主而慈者不欲强武；憨山謂武、怒、爭三者以氣為主。",
    "generalSimp": "河上公谓言贵道德、不好武力；王弼谓武尚先陵人；御注以威武释之；李荣以无鬭以力、不好以勇释不武；吴澄谓士以武为主而慈者不欲强武；憨山谓武、怒、争三者以气为主。",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [
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     "c027",
     "c034",
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    "refsSimp": [
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    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "武",
      "formSimp": "武",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 1,
      "sentenceIds": [
       "s001"
      ]
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [
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    ],
    "occurrenceCount": 1
   },
   {
    "order": 3,
    "id": "n003",
    "noteId": "n003",
    "sentenceId": "s002",
    "headword": "怒",
    "headwordSimp": "怒",
    "pinyin": "nù",
    "gloss": "憤怒、逞怒。",
    "glossSimp": "愤怒、逞怒。",
    "general": "河上公謂禁邪於胷心、絕禍於未萌、無所誅怒；王弼謂後而不先、應而不唱；御注謂應敵以慈則善不憑怒；御疏謂善戰在乎止敵、不在乎憑怒；蘇轍謂出於怒則以我故殺人；憨山謂戰以怒為主。",
    "generalSimp": "河上公谓禁邪于胷心、绝祸于未萌、无所诛怒；王弼谓后而不先、应而不唱；御注谓应敌以慈则善不凭怒；御疏谓善战在乎止敌、不在乎凭怒；苏辙谓出于怒则以我故杀人；憨山谓战以怒为主。",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [
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     "c016",
     "c023",
     "c028",
     "c035",
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    "refsSimp": [
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    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "怒",
      "formSimp": "怒",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 1,
      "sentenceIds": [
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      ]
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [
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    ],
    "occurrenceCount": 1
   },
   {
    "order": 4,
    "id": "n004",
    "noteId": "n004",
    "sentenceId": "s003",
    "headword": "與",
    "headwordSimp": "与",
    "pinyin": "yǔ",
    "gloss": "爭鬥、對抗；「不與」即不與敵爭。",
    "glossSimp": "争斗、对抗；「不与」即不与敌争。",
    "general": "王弼訓「不與爭也」；河上公謂不與敵爭而敵自服；成玄英、御注、御疏、李榮、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、憨山經文並作「不爭」；吳澄、魏源作「不與」。",
    "generalSimp": "王弼训「不与争也」；河上公谓不与敌争而敌自服；成玄英、御注、御疏、李荣、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、憨山经文并作「不争」；吴澄、魏源作「不与」。",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [
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     "c017",
     "c024",
     "c029",
     "c036",
     "c041",
     "c042",
     "c045",
     "c047",
     "c050",
     "c051"
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     "c047",
     "c050",
     "c051"
    ],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "與",
      "formSimp": "与",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 1,
      "sentenceIds": [
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     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [
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    "occurrenceCount": 1
   },
   {
    "order": 5,
    "id": "n005",
    "noteId": "n005",
    "sentenceId": "s004",
    "headword": "為之下",
    "headwordSimp": "为之下",
    "pinyin": "wéi zhī xià",
    "gloss": "對人謙下、居於人下。",
    "glossSimp": "对人谦下、居于人下。",
    "general": "河上公謂常為人執謙下；王弼謂用人而不為之下則力不為用；御注謂必先下之；御疏引《易》以貴下賤；李榮謂寬則得眾、謙則無咎；蘇轍謂誠能下之則天下皆吾用；憨山謂以下驅人則天下歸之。",
    "generalSimp": "河上公谓常为人执谦下；王弼谓用人而不为之下则力不为用；御注谓必先下之；御疏引《易》以贵下贱；李荣谓宽则得众、谦则无咎；苏辙谓诚能下之则天下皆吾用；憨山谓以下驱人则天下归之。",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
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    "forms": [
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      "form": "為之下",
      "formSimp": "为之下",
      "kind": "headword",
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     }
    ],
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    "occurrenceCount": 1
   },
   {
    "order": 6,
    "id": "n006",
    "noteId": "n006",
    "sentenceId": "s005",
    "headword": "不爭之德",
    "headwordSimp": "不争之德",
    "pinyin": "bù zhēng zhī dé",
    "gloss": "不與人爭的德行。",
    "glossSimp": "不与人争的德行。",
    "general": "河上公謂上為之下、是乃不與人爭之道德；御注以善勝為不爭之德；御疏以物竭其能、人盡其用為謙下所致；成玄英謂不與物爭故成己之德；李榮以此結上不武不怒而能勝敵。",
    "generalSimp": "河上公谓上为之下、是乃不与人争之道德；御注以善胜为不争之德；御疏以物竭其能、人尽其用为谦下所致；成玄英谓不与物争故成己之德；李荣以此结上不武不怒而能胜敌。",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [
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     "c026",
     "c031",
     "c038",
     "c041",
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     "c050"
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    ],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "不爭之德",
      "formSimp": "不争之德",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 1,
      "sentenceIds": [
       "s005"
      ]
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [
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    "occurrenceCount": 1
   },
   {
    "order": 7,
    "id": "n007",
    "noteId": "n007",
    "sentenceId": "s006",
    "headword": "用人之力",
    "headwordSimp": "用人之力",
    "pinyin": "yòng rén zhī lì",
    "gloss": "善用他人的力量。",
    "glossSimp": "善用他人的力量。",
    "general": "河上公謂能身為人下、是謂用人臣之力；王弼謂用人而不為之下則力不為用；御注以為下是用人之力；御疏引《詩》悅以使民、民忘其勞；成玄英謂物必歸之而為己用；李榮謂人為之盡力。",
    "generalSimp": "河上公谓能身为人下、是谓用人臣之力；王弼谓用人而不为之下则力不为用；御注以为下是用人之力；御疏引《诗》悦以使民、民忘其劳；成玄英谓物必归之而为己用；李荣谓人为之尽力。",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [
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     "c012",
     "c020",
     "c026",
     "c032",
     "c039",
     "c041",
     "c042",
     "c047",
     "c049"
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    "refsSimp": [
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    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "用人之力",
      "formSimp": "用人之力",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 1,
      "sentenceIds": [
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     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [
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   {
    "order": 8,
    "id": "n008",
    "noteId": "n008",
    "sentenceId": "s007",
    "headword": "配天",
    "headwordSimp": "配天",
    "pinyin": "pèi tiān",
    "gloss": "合配天道。",
    "glossSimp": "合配天道。",
    "general": "河上公謂能行此者德配天地；御注謂可以配天稱帝；成玄英以配合自然為釋；李榮謂其德高大比之上天；吳澄以如天之無為而成；憨山以乾下坤上為泰、聖人心在下為配天之德。",
    "generalSimp": "河上公谓能行此者德配天地；御注谓可以配天称帝；成玄英以配合自然为释；李荣谓其德高大比之上天；吴澄以如天之无为而成；憨山以干下坤上为泰、圣人心在下为配天之德。",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [
     "c007",
     "c021",
     "c026",
     "c033",
     "c040",
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    "refsSimp": [
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    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "配天",
      "formSimp": "配天",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 1,
      "sentenceIds": [
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     }
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    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [
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    "occurrenceCount": 1
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   {
    "order": 9,
    "id": "n009",
    "noteId": "n009",
    "sentenceId": "s007",
    "headword": "古之極",
    "headwordSimp": "古之极",
    "pinyin": "gǔ zhī jí",
    "gloss": "古來的至極法則。",
    "glossSimp": "古来的至极法则。",
    "general": "河上公謂是乃古之極要道；御注、御疏謂是古之至極要道；李榮謂其化淳和比之極古；吳澄謂惟上古聖神之至極者能如此；憨山謂此古皇維極之道。",
    "generalSimp": "河上公谓是乃古之极要道；御注、御疏谓是古之至极要道；李荣谓其化淳和比之极古；吴澄谓惟上古圣神之至极者能如此；憨山谓此古皇维极之道。",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [
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     "c026",
     "c033",
     "c040",
     "c047",
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    "refsSimp": [
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    "forms": [
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      "form": "古之極",
      "formSimp": "古之极",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 1,
      "sentenceIds": [
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     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [
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    "occurrenceCount": 1
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  ],
  "glossaryEntries": [
   {
    "order": 10,
    "id": "g001",
    "noteId": "",
    "sentenceId": "",
    "headword": "配天第六十八",
    "headwordSimp": "配天第六十八",
    "pinyin": "",
    "gloss": "河上公本章章題全稱。",
    "glossSimp": "河上公本章章题全称。",
    "general": "",
    "generalSimp": "",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
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    "refsSimp": [],
    "forms": [
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      "form": "配天第六十八",
      "formSimp": "配天第六十八",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 0,
      "sentenceIds": []
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    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [],
    "occurrenceCount": 0
   },
   {
    "order": 11,
    "id": "g002",
    "noteId": "",
    "sentenceId": "",
    "headword": "古之善為士章",
    "headwordSimp": "古之善为士章",
    "pinyin": "",
    "gloss": "成玄英本章章題。",
    "glossSimp": "成玄英本章章题。",
    "general": "",
    "generalSimp": "",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
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    "refsSimp": [],
    "forms": [
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      "form": "古之善為士章",
      "formSimp": "古之善为士章",
      "kind": "headword",
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   {
    "order": 12,
    "id": "g003",
    "noteId": "",
    "sentenceId": "",
    "headword": "古之善為士章第六十八",
    "headwordSimp": "古之善为士章第六十八",
    "pinyin": "",
    "gloss": "成玄英本章章題全稱。",
    "glossSimp": "成玄英本章章题全称。",
    "general": "",
    "generalSimp": "",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
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    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "古之善為士章第六十八",
      "formSimp": "古之善为士章第六十八",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 0,
      "sentenceIds": []
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    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [],
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   {
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    "id": "g004",
    "noteId": "",
    "sentenceId": "",
    "headword": "善為士章",
    "headwordSimp": "善为士章",
    "pinyin": "",
    "gloss": "呂惠卿、蘇轍本章章題。",
    "glossSimp": "吕惠卿、苏辙本章章题。",
    "general": "",
    "generalSimp": "",
    "variants": [],
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    "refsSimp": [],
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   {
    "order": 14,
    "id": "g005",
    "noteId": "",
    "sentenceId": "",
    "headword": "善為士章第六十八",
    "headwordSimp": "善为士章第六十八",
    "pinyin": "",
    "gloss": "呂惠卿、蘇轍本章章題全稱。",
    "glossSimp": "吕惠卿、苏辙本章章题全称。",
    "general": "",
    "generalSimp": "",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
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    "refsSimp": [],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "善為士章第六十八",
      "formSimp": "善为士章第六十八",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 0,
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    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [],
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   },
   {
    "order": 15,
    "id": "g006",
    "noteId": "",
    "sentenceId": "s001",
    "headword": "士",
    "headwordSimp": "士",
    "pinyin": "",
    "gloss": "武士、士卒之帥；此指將帥、士人。",
    "glossSimp": "武士、士卒之帅；此指将帅、士人。",
    "general": "",
    "generalSimp": "",
    "variants": [],
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   {
    "order": 16,
    "id": "g007",
    "noteId": "",
    "sentenceId": "s001",
    "headword": "武",
    "headwordSimp": "武",
    "pinyin": "",
    "gloss": "武勇、武力。",
    "glossSimp": "武勇、武力。",
    "general": "",
    "generalSimp": "",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [],
    "refsSimp": [],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "武",
      "formSimp": "武",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 1,
      "sentenceIds": [
       "s001"
      ]
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [
     "s001"
    ],
    "occurrenceCount": 1
   },
   {
    "order": 17,
    "id": "g008",
    "noteId": "",
    "sentenceId": "s002",
    "headword": "怒",
    "headwordSimp": "怒",
    "pinyin": "",
    "gloss": "憤怒、逞怒。",
    "glossSimp": "愤怒、逞怒。",
    "general": "",
    "generalSimp": "",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [],
    "refsSimp": [],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "怒",
      "formSimp": "怒",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 1,
      "sentenceIds": [
       "s002"
      ]
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [
     "s002"
    ],
    "occurrenceCount": 1
   },
   {
    "order": 18,
    "id": "g009",
    "noteId": "",
    "sentenceId": "s003",
    "headword": "與",
    "headwordSimp": "与",
    "pinyin": "",
    "gloss": "爭鬥、對抗；「不與」即不與敵爭。",
    "glossSimp": "争斗、对抗；「不与」即不与敌争。",
    "general": "",
    "generalSimp": "",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [],
    "refsSimp": [],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "與",
      "formSimp": "与",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 1,
      "sentenceIds": [
       "s003"
      ]
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [
     "s003"
    ],
    "occurrenceCount": 1
   },
   {
    "order": 19,
    "id": "g010",
    "noteId": "",
    "sentenceId": "s004",
    "headword": "為之下",
    "headwordSimp": "为之下",
    "pinyin": "",
    "gloss": "對人謙下、居於人下。",
    "glossSimp": "对人谦下、居于人下。",
    "general": "",
    "generalSimp": "",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [],
    "refsSimp": [],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "為之下",
      "formSimp": "为之下",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 1,
      "sentenceIds": [
       "s004"
      ]
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [
     "s004"
    ],
    "occurrenceCount": 1
   },
   {
    "order": 20,
    "id": "g011",
    "noteId": "",
    "sentenceId": "s005",
    "headword": "不爭之德",
    "headwordSimp": "不争之德",
    "pinyin": "",
    "gloss": "不與人爭的德行。",
    "glossSimp": "不与人争的德行。",
    "general": "",
    "generalSimp": "",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [],
    "refsSimp": [],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "不爭之德",
      "formSimp": "不争之德",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 1,
      "sentenceIds": [
       "s005"
      ]
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [
     "s005"
    ],
    "occurrenceCount": 1
   },
   {
    "order": 21,
    "id": "g012",
    "noteId": "",
    "sentenceId": "s006",
    "headword": "用人之力",
    "headwordSimp": "用人之力",
    "pinyin": "",
    "gloss": "善用他人的力量。",
    "glossSimp": "善用他人的力量。",
    "general": "",
    "generalSimp": "",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [],
    "refsSimp": [],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "用人之力",
      "formSimp": "用人之力",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 1,
      "sentenceIds": [
       "s006"
      ]
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [
     "s006"
    ],
    "occurrenceCount": 1
   },
   {
    "order": 22,
    "id": "g013",
    "noteId": "",
    "sentenceId": "s007",
    "headword": "配天",
    "headwordSimp": "配天",
    "pinyin": "",
    "gloss": "合配天道。",
    "glossSimp": "合配天道。",
    "general": "",
    "generalSimp": "",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [],
    "refsSimp": [],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "配天",
      "formSimp": "配天",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 1,
      "sentenceIds": [
       "s007"
      ]
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [
     "s007"
    ],
    "occurrenceCount": 1
   },
   {
    "order": 23,
    "id": "g014",
    "noteId": "",
    "sentenceId": "s007",
    "headword": "古之極",
    "headwordSimp": "古之极",
    "pinyin": "",
    "gloss": "古來的至極法則。",
    "glossSimp": "古来的至极法则。",
    "general": "",
    "generalSimp": "",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [],
    "refsSimp": [],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "古之極",
      "formSimp": "古之极",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 1,
      "sentenceIds": [
       "s007"
      ]
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [
     "s007"
    ],
    "occurrenceCount": 1
   },
   {
    "order": 24,
    "id": "g015",
    "noteId": "",
    "sentenceId": "",
    "headword": "四善",
    "headwordSimp": "四善",
    "pinyin": "",
    "gloss": "指善為士、善戰、善勝敵、善用人四句。",
    "glossSimp": "指善为士、善战、善胜敌、善用人四句。",
    "general": "",
    "generalSimp": "",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [],
    "refsSimp": [],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "四善",
      "formSimp": "四善",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 0,
      "sentenceIds": []
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [],
    "occurrenceCount": 0
   },
   {
    "order": 25,
    "id": "g016",
    "noteId": "",
    "sentenceId": "",
    "headword": "三善",
    "headwordSimp": "三善",
    "pinyin": "",
    "gloss": "成玄英語，指善戰、善勝敵、善用人三句。",
    "glossSimp": "成玄英语，指善战、善胜敌、善用人三句。",
    "general": "",
    "generalSimp": "",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [],
    "refsSimp": [],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "三善",
      "formSimp": "三善",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 0,
      "sentenceIds": []
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [],
    "occurrenceCount": 0
   },
   {
    "order": 26,
    "id": "g017",
    "noteId": "",
    "sentenceId": "",
    "headword": "三別",
    "headwordSimp": "三别",
    "pinyin": "",
    "gloss": "成玄英章義所分三重：爰引古實、略舉三善、結成極道。",
    "glossSimp": "成玄英章义所分三重：爰引古实、略举三善、结成极道。",
    "general": "",
    "generalSimp": "",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [],
    "refsSimp": [],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "三別",
      "formSimp": "三别",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 0,
      "sentenceIds": []
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [],
    "occurrenceCount": 0
   },
   {
    "order": 27,
    "id": "g018",
    "noteId": "",
    "sentenceId": "",
    "headword": "勖行人",
    "headwordSimp": "勖行人",
    "pinyin": "",
    "gloss": "成玄英語，謂勉勵修行之人。",
    "glossSimp": "成玄英语，谓勉励修行之人。",
    "general": "",
    "generalSimp": "",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [],
    "refsSimp": [],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "勖行人",
      "formSimp": "勖行人",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 0,
      "sentenceIds": []
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [],
    "occurrenceCount": 0
   },
   {
    "order": 28,
    "id": "g019",
    "noteId": "",
    "sentenceId": "",
    "headword": "卒之帥",
    "headwordSimp": "卒之帅",
    "pinyin": "",
    "gloss": "王弼語，謂士為士卒之統帥。",
    "glossSimp": "王弼语，谓士为士卒之统帅。",
    "general": "",
    "generalSimp": "",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [],
    "refsSimp": [],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "卒之帥",
      "formSimp": "卒之帅",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 0,
      "sentenceIds": []
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [],
    "occurrenceCount": 0
   },
   {
    "order": 29,
    "id": "g020",
    "noteId": "",
    "sentenceId": "",
    "headword": "先陵",
    "headwordSimp": "先陵",
    "pinyin": "",
    "gloss": "王弼語，謂以武凌人、搶先陵犯。",
    "glossSimp": "王弼语，谓以武凌人、抢先陵犯。",
    "general": "",
    "generalSimp": "",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [],
    "refsSimp": [],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "先陵",
      "formSimp": "先陵",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 0,
      "sentenceIds": []
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [],
    "occurrenceCount": 0
   },
   {
    "order": 30,
    "id": "g021",
    "noteId": "",
    "sentenceId": "",
    "headword": "唱",
    "headwordSimp": "唱",
    "pinyin": "",
    "gloss": "倡導、先發；王弼謂應而不唱。",
    "glossSimp": "倡导、先发；王弼谓应而不唱。",
    "general": "",
    "generalSimp": "",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [],
    "refsSimp": [],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "唱",
      "formSimp": "唱",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 0,
      "sentenceIds": []
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [],
    "occurrenceCount": 0
   },
   {
    "order": 31,
    "id": "g022",
    "noteId": "",
    "sentenceId": "",
    "headword": "胷心",
    "headwordSimp": "胷心",
    "pinyin": "",
    "gloss": "胸中、心中；河上公語。",
    "glossSimp": "胸中、心中；河上公语。",
    "general": "",
    "generalSimp": "",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [],
    "refsSimp": [],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "胷心",
      "formSimp": "胷心",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 0,
      "sentenceIds": []
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [],
    "occurrenceCount": 0
   },
   {
    "order": 32,
    "id": "g023",
    "noteId": "",
    "sentenceId": "",
    "headword": "誅怒",
    "headwordSimp": "诛怒",
    "pinyin": "",
    "gloss": "責罰、逞怒；河上公語。",
    "glossSimp": "责罚、逞怒；河上公语。",
    "general": "",
    "generalSimp": "",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [],
    "refsSimp": [],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "誅怒",
      "formSimp": "诛怒",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 0,
      "sentenceIds": []
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [],
    "occurrenceCount": 0
   },
   {
    "order": 33,
    "id": "g024",
    "noteId": "",
    "sentenceId": "",
    "headword": "謙下",
    "headwordSimp": "谦下",
    "pinyin": "",
    "gloss": "謙遜居下。",
    "glossSimp": "谦逊居下。",
    "general": "",
    "generalSimp": "",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [],
    "refsSimp": [],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "謙下",
      "formSimp": "谦下",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 0,
      "sentenceIds": []
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [],
    "occurrenceCount": 0
   },
   {
    "order": 34,
    "id": "g025",
    "noteId": "",
    "sentenceId": "",
    "headword": "用人臣之力",
    "headwordSimp": "用人臣之力",
    "pinyin": "",
    "gloss": "河上公語，謂善用臣下之力。",
    "glossSimp": "河上公语，谓善用臣下之力。",
    "general": "",
    "generalSimp": "",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [],
    "refsSimp": [],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "用人臣之力",
      "formSimp": "用人臣之力",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 0,
      "sentenceIds": []
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [],
    "occurrenceCount": 0
   },
   {
    "order": 35,
    "id": "g026",
    "noteId": "",
    "sentenceId": "",
    "headword": "極要道",
    "headwordSimp": "极要道",
    "pinyin": "",
    "gloss": "河上公語，謂至極要妙之道。",
    "glossSimp": "河上公语，谓至极要妙之道。",
    "general": "",
    "generalSimp": "",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [],
    "refsSimp": [],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "極要道",
      "formSimp": "极要道",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 0,
      "sentenceIds": []
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [],
    "occurrenceCount": 0
   },
   {
    "order": 36,
    "id": "g027",
    "noteId": "",
    "sentenceId": "",
    "headword": "止戈",
    "headwordSimp": "止戈",
    "pinyin": "",
    "gloss": "停止干戈；成玄英語。",
    "glossSimp": "停止干戈；成玄英语。",
    "general": "",
    "generalSimp": "",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [],
    "refsSimp": [],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "止戈",
      "formSimp": "止戈",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 0,
      "sentenceIds": []
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [],
    "occurrenceCount": 0
   },
   {
    "order": 37,
    "id": "g028",
    "noteId": "",
    "sentenceId": "",
    "headword": "死灰槁木",
    "headwordSimp": "死灰槁木",
    "pinyin": "",
    "gloss": "成玄英語，形容古之善士靜寂無為之態。",
    "glossSimp": "成玄英语，形容古之善士静寂无为之态。",
    "general": "",
    "generalSimp": "",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [],
    "refsSimp": [],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "死灰槁木",
      "formSimp": "死灰槁木",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 0,
      "sentenceIds": []
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [],
    "occurrenceCount": 0
   },
   {
    "order": 38,
    "id": "g029",
    "noteId": "",
    "sentenceId": "",
    "headword": "巢公飲犢",
    "headwordSimp": "巢公饮犊",
    "pinyin": "",
    "gloss": "成玄英語，用堯讓天下於巢父而巢父飲犢不聞之事。",
    "glossSimp": "成玄英语，用尧让天下于巢父而巢父饮犊不闻之事。",
    "general": "",
    "generalSimp": "",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [],
    "refsSimp": [],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "巢公飲犢",
      "formSimp": "巢公饮犊",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 0,
      "sentenceIds": []
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [],
    "occurrenceCount": 0
   },
   {
    "order": 39,
    "id": "g030",
    "noteId": "",
    "sentenceId": "",
    "headword": "伯成耕田",
    "headwordSimp": "伯成耕田",
    "pinyin": "",
    "gloss": "成玄英語，用伯成子高抗禹詞而耕田不顧之事。",
    "glossSimp": "成玄英语，用伯成子高抗禹词而耕田不顾之事。",
    "general": "",
    "generalSimp": "",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [],
    "refsSimp": [],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "伯成耕田",
      "formSimp": "伯成耕田",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 0,
      "sentenceIds": []
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [],
    "occurrenceCount": 0
   },
   {
    "order": 40,
    "id": "g031",
    "noteId": "",
    "sentenceId": "",
    "headword": "業龍",
    "headwordSimp": "业龙",
    "pinyin": "",
    "gloss": "成玄英語，謂遇龍而不驚。",
    "glossSimp": "成玄英语，谓遇龙而不惊。",
    "general": "",
    "generalSimp": "",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [],
    "refsSimp": [],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "業龍",
      "formSimp": "业龙",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 0,
      "sentenceIds": []
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [],
    "occurrenceCount": 0
   },
   {
    "order": 41,
    "id": "g032",
    "noteId": "",
    "sentenceId": "",
    "headword": "木雁",
    "headwordSimp": "木雁",
    "pinyin": "",
    "gloss": "成玄英語，用《莊子》木雁之喻。",
    "glossSimp": "成玄英语，用《庄子》木雁之喻。",
    "general": "",
    "generalSimp": "",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [],
    "refsSimp": [],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "木雁",
      "formSimp": "木雁",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 0,
      "sentenceIds": []
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [],
    "occurrenceCount": 0
   },
   {
    "order": 42,
    "id": "g033",
    "noteId": "",
    "sentenceId": "",
    "headword": "兩空",
    "headwordSimp": "两空",
    "pinyin": "",
    "gloss": "成玄英語，謂違順二境皆空。",
    "glossSimp": "成玄英语，谓违顺二境皆空。",
    "general": "",
    "generalSimp": "",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [],
    "refsSimp": [],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "兩空",
      "formSimp": "两空",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 0,
      "sentenceIds": []
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [],
    "occurrenceCount": 0
   },
   {
    "order": 43,
    "id": "g034",
    "noteId": "",
    "sentenceId": "",
    "headword": "塵染",
    "headwordSimp": "尘染",
    "pinyin": "",
    "gloss": "成玄英語，謂六塵所染。",
    "glossSimp": "成玄英语，谓六尘所染。",
    "general": "",
    "generalSimp": "",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [],
    "refsSimp": [],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "塵染",
      "formSimp": "尘染",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 0,
      "sentenceIds": []
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [],
    "occurrenceCount": 0
   },
   {
    "order": 44,
    "id": "g035",
    "noteId": "",
    "sentenceId": "",
    "headword": "雌柔",
    "headwordSimp": "雌柔",
    "pinyin": "",
    "gloss": "成玄英語，謂謙下柔順。",
    "glossSimp": "成玄英语，谓谦下柔顺。",
    "general": "",
    "generalSimp": "",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [],
    "refsSimp": [],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "雌柔",
      "formSimp": "雌柔",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 0,
      "sentenceIds": []
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [],
    "occurrenceCount": 0
   },
   {
    "order": 45,
    "id": "g036",
    "noteId": "",
    "sentenceId": "",
    "headword": "五兵",
    "headwordSimp": "五兵",
    "pinyin": "",
    "gloss": "李榮語，指各種兵器，謂兵革不起。",
    "glossSimp": "李荣语，指各种兵器，谓兵革不起。",
    "general": "",
    "generalSimp": "",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [],
    "refsSimp": [],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "五兵",
      "formSimp": "五兵",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 0,
      "sentenceIds": []
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [],
    "occurrenceCount": 0
   },
   {
    "order": 46,
    "id": "g037",
    "noteId": "",
    "sentenceId": "",
    "headword": "靡之而不刃",
    "headwordSimp": "靡之而不刃",
    "pinyin": "",
    "gloss": "李榮語，謂物望風而靡、不用兵刃。",
    "glossSimp": "李荣语，谓物望风而靡、不用兵刃。",
    "general": "",
    "generalSimp": "",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [],
    "refsSimp": [],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "靡之而不刃",
      "formSimp": "靡之而不刃",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 0,
      "sentenceIds": []
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [],
    "occurrenceCount": 0
   },
   {
    "order": 47,
    "id": "g038",
    "noteId": "",
    "sentenceId": "",
    "headword": "玄默恭己",
    "headwordSimp": "玄默恭己",
    "pinyin": "",
    "gloss": "御疏語，謂靜默無為、恭己臨下。",
    "glossSimp": "御疏语，谓静默无为、恭己临下。",
    "general": "",
    "generalSimp": "",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [],
    "refsSimp": [],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "玄默恭己",
      "formSimp": "玄默恭己",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 0,
      "sentenceIds": []
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [],
    "occurrenceCount": 0
   },
   {
    "order": 48,
    "id": "g039",
    "noteId": "",
    "sentenceId": "",
    "headword": "以貴下賤",
    "headwordSimp": "以贵下贱",
    "pinyin": "",
    "gloss": "御疏引《易》語，謂以高貴之身謙下卑賤。",
    "glossSimp": "御疏引《易》语，谓以高贵之身谦下卑贱。",
    "general": "",
    "generalSimp": "",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [],
    "refsSimp": [],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "以貴下賤",
      "formSimp": "以贵下贱",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 0,
      "sentenceIds": []
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [],
    "occurrenceCount": 0
   },
   {
    "order": 49,
    "id": "g040",
    "noteId": "",
    "sentenceId": "",
    "headword": "悅以使民",
    "headwordSimp": "悦以使民",
    "pinyin": "",
    "gloss": "御疏引《詩》語，謂使民悅服而忘勞。",
    "glossSimp": "御疏引《诗》语，谓使民悦服而忘劳。",
    "general": "",
    "generalSimp": "",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [],
    "refsSimp": [],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "悅以使民",
      "formSimp": "悦以使民",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 0,
      "sentenceIds": []
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [],
    "occurrenceCount": 0
   },
   {
    "order": 50,
    "id": "g041",
    "noteId": "",
    "sentenceId": "",
    "headword": "柔遠能邇",
    "headwordSimp": "柔远能迩",
    "pinyin": "",
    "gloss": "御注語，謂安撫遠人、親善近人。",
    "glossSimp": "御注语，谓安抚远人、亲善近人。",
    "general": "",
    "generalSimp": "",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [],
    "refsSimp": [],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "柔遠能邇",
      "formSimp": "柔远能迩",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 0,
      "sentenceIds": []
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [],
    "occurrenceCount": 0
   },
   {
    "order": 51,
    "id": "g042",
    "noteId": "",
    "sentenceId": "",
    "headword": "蚊蚋致螫",
    "headwordSimp": "蚊蚋致螫",
    "pinyin": "",
    "gloss": "御疏語，喻小害只須驅除，不必憑怒。",
    "glossSimp": "御疏语，喻小害只须驱除，不必凭怒。",
    "general": "",
    "generalSimp": "",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [],
    "refsSimp": [],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "蚊蚋致螫",
      "formSimp": "蚊蚋致螫",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 0,
      "sentenceIds": []
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [],
    "occurrenceCount": 0
   },
   {
    "order": 52,
    "id": "g043",
    "noteId": "",
    "sentenceId": "",
    "headword": "全勝",
    "headwordSimp": "全胜",
    "pinyin": "",
    "gloss": "御注語，謂不戰而全勝。",
    "glossSimp": "御注语，谓不战而全胜。",
    "general": "",
    "generalSimp": "",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [],
    "refsSimp": [],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "全勝",
      "formSimp": "全胜",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 0,
      "sentenceIds": []
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [],
    "occurrenceCount": 0
   },
   {
    "order": 53,
    "id": "g044",
    "noteId": "",
    "sentenceId": "",
    "headword": "交爭",
    "headwordSimp": "交争",
    "pinyin": "",
    "gloss": "御注語，謂正面爭鬥。",
    "glossSimp": "御注语，谓正面争斗。",
    "general": "",
    "generalSimp": "",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [],
    "refsSimp": [],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "交爭",
      "formSimp": "交争",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 0,
      "sentenceIds": []
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [],
    "occurrenceCount": 0
   },
   {
    "order": 54,
    "id": "g045",
    "noteId": "",
    "sentenceId": "",
    "headword": "車戰",
    "headwordSimp": "车战",
    "pinyin": "",
    "gloss": "吳澄語，指古時以戰車作戰之制。",
    "glossSimp": "吴澄语，指古时以战车作战之制。",
    "general": "",
    "generalSimp": "",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [],
    "refsSimp": [],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "車戰",
      "formSimp": "车战",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 0,
      "sentenceIds": []
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [],
    "occurrenceCount": 0
   },
   {
    "order": 55,
    "id": "g046",
    "noteId": "",
    "sentenceId": "",
    "headword": "甲士",
    "headwordSimp": "甲士",
    "pinyin": "",
    "gloss": "吳澄語，指車上披甲之士。",
    "glossSimp": "吴澄语，指车上披甲之士。",
    "general": "",
    "generalSimp": "",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [],
    "refsSimp": [],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "甲士",
      "formSimp": "甲士",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 0,
      "sentenceIds": []
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [],
    "occurrenceCount": 0
   },
   {
    "order": 56,
    "id": "g047",
    "noteId": "",
    "sentenceId": "",
    "headword": "戰卒",
    "headwordSimp": "战卒",
    "pinyin": "",
    "gloss": "吳澄語，指車下作戰之卒。",
    "glossSimp": "吴澄语，指车下作战之卒。",
    "general": "",
    "generalSimp": "",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [],
    "refsSimp": [],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "戰卒",
      "formSimp": "战卒",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 0,
      "sentenceIds": []
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [],
    "occurrenceCount": 0
   },
   {
    "order": 57,
    "id": "g048",
    "noteId": "",
    "sentenceId": "",
    "headword": "否泰",
    "headwordSimp": "否泰",
    "pinyin": "",
    "gloss": "憨山語，《易》否卦與泰卦，喻上下不交與上下相交。",
    "glossSimp": "憨山语，《易》否卦与泰卦，喻上下不交与上下相交。",
    "general": "",
    "generalSimp": "",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [],
    "refsSimp": [],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "否泰",
      "formSimp": "否泰",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 0,
      "sentenceIds": []
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [],
    "occurrenceCount": 0
   },
   {
    "order": 58,
    "id": "g049",
    "noteId": "",
    "sentenceId": "",
    "headword": "熙皞",
    "headwordSimp": "熙皞",
    "pinyin": "",
    "gloss": "憨山語，謂和樂廣大之世。",
    "glossSimp": "憨山语，谓和乐广大之世。",
    "general": "",
    "generalSimp": "",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [],
    "refsSimp": [],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "熙皞",
      "formSimp": "熙皞",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 0,
      "sentenceIds": []
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [],
    "occurrenceCount": 0
   },
   {
    "order": 59,
    "id": "g050",
    "noteId": "",
    "sentenceId": "",
    "headword": "維極",
    "headwordSimp": "维极",
    "pinyin": "",
    "gloss": "憨山語，謂維繫至極之道。",
    "glossSimp": "憨山语，谓维系至极之道。",
    "general": "",
    "generalSimp": "",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [],
    "refsSimp": [],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "維極",
      "formSimp": "维极",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 0,
      "sentenceIds": []
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [],
    "occurrenceCount": 0
   },
   {
    "order": 60,
    "id": "g051",
    "noteId": "",
    "sentenceId": "",
    "headword": "焦氏竑",
    "headwordSimp": "焦氏竑",
    "pinyin": "",
    "gloss": "魏源所引明人焦竑，語見《老子翼》。",
    "glossSimp": "魏源所引明人焦竑，语见《老子翼》。",
    "general": "",
    "generalSimp": "",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [],
    "refsSimp": [],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "焦氏竑",
      "formSimp": "焦氏竑",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 0,
      "sentenceIds": []
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [],
    "occurrenceCount": 0
   },
   {
    "order": 61,
    "id": "g052",
    "noteId": "",
    "sentenceId": "",
    "headword": "傅奕",
    "headwordSimp": "傅奕",
    "pinyin": "",
    "gloss": "魏源校記所引傅奕《道德經古本篇》。",
    "glossSimp": "魏源校记所引傅奕《道德经古本篇》。",
    "general": "",
    "generalSimp": "",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [],
    "refsSimp": [],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "傅奕",
      "formSimp": "傅奕",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 0,
      "sentenceIds": []
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [],
    "occurrenceCount": 0
   },
   {
    "order": 62,
    "id": "g053",
    "noteId": "",
    "sentenceId": "",
    "headword": "一本無敵字",
    "headwordSimp": "一本无敌字",
    "pinyin": "",
    "gloss": "魏源校記語，謂別本作「善勝者不與」。",
    "glossSimp": "魏源校记语，谓别本作「善胜者不与」。",
    "general": "",
    "generalSimp": "",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [],
    "refsSimp": [],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "一本無敵字",
      "formSimp": "一本无敌字",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 0,
      "sentenceIds": []
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [],
    "occurrenceCount": 0
   },
   {
    "order": 63,
    "id": "g054",
    "noteId": "",
    "sentenceId": "",
    "headword": "四部叢刊本",
    "headwordSimp": "四部丛刊本",
    "pinyin": "",
    "gloss": "河上公此章所用底本。",
    "glossSimp": "河上公此章所用底本。",
    "general": "",
    "generalSimp": "",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [],
    "refsSimp": [],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "四部叢刊本",
      "formSimp": "四部丛刊本",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 0,
      "sentenceIds": []
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [],
    "occurrenceCount": 0
   },
   {
    "order": 64,
    "id": "g055",
    "noteId": "",
    "sentenceId": "",
    "headword": "玄德纂疏",
    "headwordSimp": "玄德纂疏",
    "pinyin": "",
    "gloss": "唐道教注疏彙編，存成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮等佚文。",
    "glossSimp": "唐道教注疏汇编，存成玄英、唐玄宗、李荣等佚文。",
    "general": "",
    "generalSimp": "",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [],
    "refsSimp": [],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "玄德纂疏",
      "formSimp": "玄德纂疏",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 0,
      "sentenceIds": []
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [],
    "occurrenceCount": 0
   },
   {
    "order": 65,
    "id": "g056",
    "noteId": "",
    "sentenceId": "",
    "headword": "指歸",
    "headwordSimp": "指归",
    "pinyin": "",
    "gloss": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》；此章無輯文。",
    "glossSimp": "严遵《道德真经指归》；此章无辑文。",
    "general": "",
    "generalSimp": "",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [],
    "refsSimp": [],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "指歸",
      "formSimp": "指归",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 0,
      "sentenceIds": []
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [],
    "occurrenceCount": 0
   },
   {
    "order": 66,
    "id": "g057",
    "noteId": "",
    "sentenceId": "",
    "headword": "輯文",
    "headwordSimp": "辑文",
    "pinyin": "",
    "gloss": "輯錄佚文。",
    "glossSimp": "辑录佚文。",
    "general": "",
    "generalSimp": "",
    "variants": [],
    "variantsSimp": [],
    "refs": [],
    "refsSimp": [],
    "forms": [
     {
      "form": "輯文",
      "formSimp": "辑文",
      "kind": "headword",
      "count": 0,
      "sentenceIds": []
     }
    ],
    "occurrenceSentenceIds": [],
    "occurrenceCount": 0
   }
  ]
 },
 "relations": {
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "note": "第六十八章七句的十一家對照，為德經第三十一章。河上公此章據四部叢刊本《老子道德經》卷下；王弼據道藏本；成玄英、唐玄宗御注御疏、李榮據《玄德纂疏》卷十七所引；陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄據《道藏》本卷四；憨山、魏源據公開轉錄本。嚴遵《指歸》此章《玄德纂疏》無「嚴曰」輯文；王夫之《老子衍》公開轉錄本此章全闕，經文亦不見；俞樾《諸子平議》此章未列，故均不列。河上公題「配天第六十八」；成玄英題「古之善為士章第六十八」；呂惠卿、蘇轍題「善為士章第六十八」，王弼本無章題；吳澄合此章與前後二章為其第五十七章；魏源合第六十七至六十九章為其第五十八章。全章以四善發端：河上公逐句質釋，以言貴道德、禁邪未萌、附近來遠、執謙下人為說；王弼以士為卒帥、後而不先、不與爭、用人必下立說；成玄英分三別，以靜退無為、兩空無喜怒、不為塵染、謙下物歸為說；唐玄宗御注以士事武威、行慈儉而伏物、應敵以慈、師克在和、必先下之立說，御疏申以尚德、止敵、慈和不爭；李榮以慈來物、德伏人、五兵不作、寬謙得眾為說；陸希聲以慈愛士卒、唱而後應、因勢而取、卑身損己分釋；呂惠卿以事道將人、體道不爭能下人立說；蘇轍以行武以怯、不得已而戰、不爭勝爭、下之則天下皆用為說；吳澄歷敘車戰之制，謂慈者不欲强武奮怒、不待對陣較力，用他人之智能；憨山謂主意在「善用人者為之下」，假兵家以形容其慈。末三句諸家皆以「不爭」為德、「下人」為力、「配天古之極」為總結：河上公以德配天地、古之極要道釋之，王弼無注，成玄英以合自然契古始為說，御注以配天稱帝、古之至極要道為說，李榮以德比上天、化比極古為說，陸希聲以克配上帝、古者至極為說，呂惠卿以无為為天、與天同為說，吳澄以如天不爭而勝、無為而成，憨山以乾下坤上為泰、聖人心在下為配天之德，魏源引焦氏竑謂至爭者性兵、借以明不爭之德。諸家於「不武不怒」之故，或歸於尚德、或歸於以慈、或歸於體道无為；於「不與」與「不爭」，經文與訓釋互異；於「配天古之極」，或分二句、或合為一，取徑不同。",
  "concepts": [
   {
    "id": "si-shan-shang-ban",
    "name": "善為士者不武，善戰者不怒",
    "nameTrad": "善為士者不武，善戰者不怒",
    "question": "善為士者何以不武？善戰者何以不怒？",
    "questionTrad": "善為士者何以不武？善戰者何以不怒？",
    "intro": "此組聚於首二句。河上公以言貴道德、不好武力釋不武，以善以道戰者禁邪於胷心、絕禍於未萌、無所誅怒釋不怒，語最質實而歸於道德。王弼以士為卒之帥，謂武尚先陵人；以「後而不先，應而不唱」釋不怒，點出應敵而不先發之義。成玄英先敘古之善士：雲司火正之時、含道懷純之代，人心質樸，為士者自守恬和，善戰者止戈為勝，死灰其慮、槁木其形，對業龍而不驚、處木雁而何懼，以巢公、伯成之事為證；其疏以靜退無為、不捨慈而武勇釋不武，以善達前境虛幻、制敵於未萌、妙體違順兩空、心無喜怒釋不怒，帶有重玄雙遣色彩。唐玄宗御注以士為事、武為威武，明德之君行慈儉而伏物，不威武以御人；以應敵以慈則善不憑怒，若用力以爭則非善勝。御疏以尚德釋不武，以止敵釋不怒，引蚊蚋致螫、驅除而已為喻，謂善戰在乎止敵，不在乎憑怒。李榮以慈來物、以德伏人、無鬭以力、不好以勇釋不武；以能息寇亂、救物用慈釋不怒，將二者收歸於慈德。陸希聲以善治士卒者慈以愛人、不先犯物，故不為剛武；以唱而後應、不好凌敵，故不至威怒，最重將帥臨陣之節制。呂惠卿以士以事道將人為任，事道則以不爭而勝，將人則用人之力，故無所事武；為士无所事武，則善戰者不怒固其宜，從體道者不爭推衍。蘇轍以士當以武為本而行之以怯，若以武行武則死；以聖人不得已而後戰，若出於怒則是以我故殺人，天必殃之，最能發明「不怒」之戒。吳澄歷敘古者車戰之制，甲士三人在車上，戰卒七十二人在車下，將戰必激發其眾欲其奮怒，然後能與敵爭雄取勝；慈者用兵則士不欲其强武，戰不欲其奮怒，兵刃不施而彼將自屈，從制度見慈之用。憨山以士以武為主、戰以怒為主、勝敵以爭為主，三者又以氣為主；善者皆不用，即前所云以慈用兵，主意在不用氣上做工夫。諸家皆以不武不怒為「不爭」之始，而或歸於尚德、或歸於以慈、或歸於體道无為，取徑各異。",
    "introTrad": "此組聚於首二句。河上公以言貴道德、不好武力釋不武，以善以道戰者禁邪於胷心、絕禍於未萌、無所誅怒釋不怒，語最質實而歸於道德。王弼以士為卒之帥，謂武尚先陵人；以「後而不先，應而不唱」釋不怒，點出應敵而不先發之義。成玄英先敘古之善士：雲司火正之時、含道懷純之代，人心質樸，為士者自守恬和，善戰者止戈為勝，死灰其慮、槁木其形，對業龍而不驚、處木雁而何懼，以巢公、伯成之事為證；其疏以靜退無為、不捨慈而武勇釋不武，以善達前境虛幻、制敵於未萌、妙體違順兩空、心無喜怒釋不怒，帶有重玄雙遣色彩。唐玄宗御注以士為事、武為威武，明德之君行慈儉而伏物，不威武以御人；以應敵以慈則善不憑怒，若用力以爭則非善勝。御疏以尚德釋不武，以止敵釋不怒，引蚊蚋致螫、驅除而已為喻，謂善戰在乎止敵，不在乎憑怒。李榮以慈來物、以德伏人、無鬭以力、不好以勇釋不武；以能息寇亂、救物用慈釋不怒，將二者收歸於慈德。陸希聲以善治士卒者慈以愛人、不先犯物，故不為剛武；以唱而後應、不好凌敵，故不至威怒，最重將帥臨陣之節制。呂惠卿以士以事道將人為任，事道則以不爭而勝，將人則用人之力，故無所事武；為士无所事武，則善戰者不怒固其宜，從體道者不爭推衍。蘇轍以士當以武為本而行之以怯，若以武行武則死；以聖人不得已而後戰，若出於怒則是以我故殺人，天必殃之，最能發明「不怒」之戒。吳澄歷敘古者車戰之制，甲士三人在車上，戰卒七十二人在車下，將戰必激發其眾欲其奮怒，然後能與敵爭雄取勝；慈者用兵則士不欲其强武，戰不欲其奮怒，兵刃不施而彼將自屈，從制度見慈之用。憨山以士以武為主、戰以怒為主、勝敵以爭為主，三者又以氣為主；善者皆不用，即前所云以慈用兵，主意在不用氣上做工夫。諸家皆以不武不怒為「不爭」之始，而或歸於尚德、或歸於以慈、或歸於體道无為，取徑各異。",
    "positions": {
     "heshanggong": {
      "workType": "注",
      "workTypeTrad": "注",
      "thesis": "言貴道德，不好武力；善以道戰者禁邪於胷心、絕禍於未萌，無所誅怒。",
      "thesisTrad": "言貴道德，不好武力；善以道戰者禁邪於胷心、絕禍於未萌，無所誅怒。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c001",
       "c002"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "注",
      "thesisSimp": "言贵道德，不好武力；善以道战者禁邪于胷心、绝祸于未萌，无所诛怒。"
     },
     "wangbi": {
      "workType": "注",
      "workTypeTrad": "注",
      "thesis": "士為卒之帥，武尚先陵人；後而不先、應而不唱，故不在怒。",
      "thesisTrad": "士為卒之帥，武尚先陵人；後而不先、應而不唱，故不在怒。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c009",
       "c010"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "注",
      "thesisSimp": "士为卒之帅，武尚先陵人；后而不先、应而不唱，故不在怒。"
     },
     "chengxuanying": {
      "workType": "疏",
      "workTypeTrad": "疏",
      "thesis": "古之善士靜退無為、不捨慈而武勇；善達前境虛幻，制敵於未萌，心無喜怒。",
      "thesisTrad": "古之善士靜退無為、不捨慈而武勇；善達前境虛幻，制敵於未萌，心無喜怒。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c014",
       "c015",
       "c016"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "疏",
      "thesisSimp": "古之善士静退无为、不舍慈而武勇；善达前境虚幻，制敌于未萌，心无喜怒。"
     },
     "tangxuanzong": {
      "workType": "御注",
      "workTypeTrad": "御注",
      "thesis": "士事也，明德之君行慈儉而伏物，不威武以御人；應敵以慈則善不憑怒。御疏以尚德釋不武、以止敵釋不怒。",
      "thesisTrad": "士事也，明德之君行慈儉而伏物，不威武以御人；應敵以慈則善不憑怒。御疏以尚德釋不武、以止敵釋不怒。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c022",
       "c023",
       "c027",
       "c028"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "御注",
      "thesisSimp": "士事也，明德之君行慈俭而伏物，不威武以御人；应敌以慈则善不凭怒。御疏以尚德释不武、以止敌释不怒。"
     },
     "lirong": {
      "workType": "注",
      "workTypeTrad": "注",
      "thesis": "以慈來物、以德伏人，無鬭以力故不武；能息寇亂、救物用慈故不怒。",
      "thesisTrad": "以慈來物、以德伏人，無鬭以力故不武；能息寇亂、救物用慈故不怒。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c034",
       "c035"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "注",
      "thesisSimp": "以慈来物、以德伏人，无鬭以力故不武；能息寇乱、救物用慈故不怒。"
     },
     "luxisheng": {
      "workType": "傳",
      "workTypeTrad": "傳",
      "thesis": "善治士卒者慈以愛人、不先犯物，故不為剛武；唱而後應、不好凌敵，故不至威怒。",
      "thesisTrad": "善治士卒者慈以愛人、不先犯物，故不為剛武；唱而後應、不好凌敵，故不至威怒。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c041"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "传",
      "thesisSimp": "善治士卒者慈以爱人、不先犯物，故不为刚武；唱而后应、不好凌敌，故不至威怒。"
     },
     "lvhuiqing": {
      "workType": "傳",
      "workTypeTrad": "傳",
      "thesis": "士以事道將人為任，事道則以不爭而勝，何所事武；為士无所事武，則善戰者不怒固其宜。",
      "thesisTrad": "士以事道將人為任，事道則以不爭而勝，何所事武；為士无所事武，則善戰者不怒固其宜。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c042"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "传",
      "thesisSimp": "士以事道将人为任，事道则以不争而胜，何所事武；为士无所事武，则善战者不怒固其宜。"
     },
     "suzhe": {
      "workType": "解",
      "workTypeTrad": "解",
      "thesis": "士當以武為本而行之以怯，若以武行武則死；聖人不得已而後戰，出於怒則以我故殺人。",
      "thesisTrad": "士當以武為本而行之以怯，若以武行武則死；聖人不得已而後戰，出於怒則以我故殺人。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c043",
       "c044"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "解",
      "thesisSimp": "士当以武为本而行之以怯，若以武行武则死；圣人不得已而后战，出于怒则以我故杀人。"
     },
     "wucheng": {
      "workType": "注",
      "workTypeTrad": "注",
      "thesis": "古者車戰欲士强武、戰卒奮怒，慈者用兵則不以此為善：士不欲强武，戰不欲奮怒。",
      "thesisTrad": "古者車戰欲士强武、戰卒奮怒，慈者用兵則不以此為善：士不欲强武，戰不欲奮怒。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c047"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "注",
      "thesisSimp": "古者车战欲士强武、战卒奋怒，慈者用兵则不以此为善：士不欲强武，战不欲奋怒。"
     },
     "hanshan": {
      "workType": "解",
      "workTypeTrad": "解",
      "thesis": "士以武為主、戰以怒為主，三者以氣為主；善為士者不用武，善戰者不在怒，即前云以慈用兵。",
      "thesisTrad": "士以武為主、戰以怒為主，三者以氣為主；善為士者不用武，善戰者不在怒，即前云以慈用兵。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c048"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "解",
      "thesisSimp": "士以武为主、战以怒为主，三者以气为主；善为士者不用武，善战者不在怒，即前云以慈用兵。"
     }
    },
    "chain": [
     {
      "noteId": "c001",
      "relation": "立論",
      "relationTrad": "立論",
      "text": "河上公以言貴道德、不好武力立說。",
      "textTrad": "河上公以言貴道德、不好武力立說。",
      "relationSimp": "立论",
      "textSimp": "河上公以言贵道德、不好武力立说。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c002",
      "relation": "注",
      "relationTrad": "注",
      "text": "河上公以禁邪未萌、無所誅怒釋不怒。",
      "textTrad": "河上公以禁邪未萌、無所誅怒釋不怒。",
      "relationSimp": "注",
      "textSimp": "河上公以禁邪未萌、无所诛怒释不怒。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c009",
      "relation": "注",
      "relationTrad": "注",
      "text": "王弼以士為卒帥、武尚先陵人申之。",
      "textTrad": "王弼以士為卒帥、武尚先陵人申之。",
      "relationSimp": "注",
      "textSimp": "王弼以士为卒帅、武尚先陵人申之。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c010",
      "relation": "注",
      "relationTrad": "注",
      "text": "王弼以後而不先、應而不唱釋不怒。",
      "textTrad": "王弼以後而不先、應而不唱釋不怒。",
      "relationSimp": "注",
      "textSimp": "王弼以后而不先、应而不唱释不怒。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c014",
      "relation": "疏",
      "relationTrad": "疏",
      "text": "成玄英以古之善士總敘全章。",
      "textTrad": "成玄英以古之善士總敘全章。",
      "relationSimp": "疏",
      "textSimp": "成玄英以古之善士总叙全章。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c015",
      "relation": "疏",
      "relationTrad": "疏",
      "text": "成玄英以靜退無為、不捨慈釋不武。",
      "textTrad": "成玄英以靜退無為、不捨慈釋不武。",
      "relationSimp": "疏",
      "textSimp": "成玄英以静退无为、不舍慈释不武。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c016",
      "relation": "疏",
      "relationTrad": "疏",
      "text": "成玄英以兩空無喜怒分疏。",
      "textTrad": "成玄英以兩空無喜怒分疏。",
      "relationSimp": "疏",
      "textSimp": "成玄英以两空无喜怒分疏。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c022",
      "relation": "御注",
      "relationTrad": "御注",
      "text": "御注以行慈儉而伏物釋不武。",
      "textTrad": "御注以行慈儉而伏物釋不武。",
      "relationSimp": "御注",
      "textSimp": "御注以行慈俭而伏物释不武。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c023",
      "relation": "御注",
      "relationTrad": "御注",
      "text": "御注以應敵以慈、善不憑怒釋不怒。",
      "textTrad": "御注以應敵以慈、善不憑怒釋不怒。",
      "relationSimp": "御注",
      "textSimp": "御注以应敌以慈、善不凭怒释不怒。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c028",
      "relation": "御疏",
      "relationTrad": "御疏",
      "text": "御疏以止敵釋不怒，蚊蚋致螫為喻。",
      "textTrad": "御疏以止敵釋不怒，蚊蚋致螫為喻。",
      "relationSimp": "御疏",
      "textSimp": "御疏以止敌释不怒，蚊蚋致螫为喻。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c034",
      "relation": "注",
      "relationTrad": "注",
      "text": "李榮以慈來物、德伏人釋不武。",
      "textTrad": "李榮以慈來物、德伏人釋不武。",
      "relationSimp": "注",
      "textSimp": "李荣以慈来物、德伏人释不武。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c035",
      "relation": "注",
      "relationTrad": "注",
      "text": "李榮以息寇亂、救物用慈釋不怒。",
      "textTrad": "李榮以息寇亂、救物用慈釋不怒。",
      "relationSimp": "注",
      "textSimp": "李荣以息寇乱、救物用慈释不怒。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c041",
      "relation": "傳",
      "relationTrad": "傳",
      "text": "陸希聲以慈愛士卒、唱而後應分釋。",
      "textTrad": "陸希聲以慈愛士卒、唱而後應分釋。",
      "relationSimp": "传",
      "textSimp": "陆希声以慈爱士卒、唱而后应分释。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c042",
      "relation": "傳",
      "relationTrad": "傳",
      "text": "呂惠卿以事道將人、不爭而勝立說。",
      "textTrad": "呂惠卿以事道將人、不爭而勝立說。",
      "relationSimp": "传",
      "textSimp": "吕惠卿以事道将人、不争而胜立说。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c043",
      "relation": "解",
      "relationTrad": "解",
      "text": "蘇轍以行武以怯、以武行武則死申之。",
      "textTrad": "蘇轍以行武以怯、以武行武則死申之。",
      "relationSimp": "解",
      "textSimp": "苏辙以行武以怯、以武行武则死申之。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c044",
      "relation": "解",
      "relationTrad": "解",
      "text": "蘇轍以不得已而戰、出於怒則殺人申之。",
      "textTrad": "蘇轍以不得已而戰、出於怒則殺人申之。",
      "relationSimp": "解",
      "textSimp": "苏辙以不得已而战、出于怒则杀人申之。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c047",
      "relation": "注",
      "relationTrad": "注",
      "text": "吳澄以車戰之制反照慈者用兵。",
      "textTrad": "吳澄以車戰之制反照慈者用兵。",
      "relationSimp": "注",
      "textSimp": "吴澄以车战之制反照慈者用兵。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c048",
      "relation": "解",
      "relationTrad": "解",
      "text": "憨山以三者以氣為主、善者不用作結。",
      "textTrad": "憨山以三者以氣為主、善者不用作結。",
      "relationSimp": "解",
      "textSimp": "憨山以三者以气为主、善者不用作结。"
     }
    ],
    "nameSimp": "善为士者不武，善战者不怒",
    "questionSimp": "善为士者何以不武？善战者何以不怒？",
    "introSimp": "此组聚于首二句。河上公以言贵道德、不好武力释不武，以善以道战者禁邪于胷心、绝祸于未萌、无所诛怒释不怒，语最质实而归于道德。王弼以士为卒之帅，谓武尚先陵人；以「后而不先，应而不唱」释不怒，点出应敌而不先发之义。成玄英先叙古之善士：云司火正之时、含道怀纯之代，人心质朴，为士者自守恬和，善战者止戈为胜，死灰其虑、槁木其形，对业龙而不惊、处木雁而何惧，以巢公、伯成之事为证；其疏以静退无为、不舍慈而武勇释不武，以善达前境虚幻、制敌于未萌、妙体违顺两空、心无喜怒释不怒，带有重玄双遣色彩。唐玄宗御注以士为事、武为威武，明德之君行慈俭而伏物，不威武以御人；以应敌以慈则善不凭怒，若用力以争则非善胜。御疏以尚德释不武，以止敌释不怒，引蚊蚋致螫、驱除而已为喻，谓善战在乎止敌，不在乎凭怒。李荣以慈来物、以德伏人、无鬭以力、不好以勇释不武；以能息寇乱、救物用慈释不怒，将二者收归于慈德。陆希声以善治士卒者慈以爱人、不先犯物，故不为刚武；以唱而后应、不好凌敌，故不至威怒，最重将帅临阵之节制。吕惠卿以士以事道将人为任，事道则以不争而胜，将人则用人之力，故无所事武；为士无所事武，则善战者不怒固其宜，从体道者不争推衍。苏辙以士当以武为本而行之以怯，若以武行武则死；以圣人不得已而后战，若出于怒则是以我故杀人，天必殃之，最能发明「不怒」之戒。吴澄历叙古者车战之制，甲士三人在车上，战卒七十二人在车下，将战必激发其众欲其奋怒，然后能与敌争雄取胜；慈者用兵则士不欲其强武，战不欲其奋怒，兵刃不施而彼将自屈，从制度见慈之用。憨山以士以武为主、战以怒为主、胜敌以争为主，三者又以气为主；善者皆不用，即前所云以慈用兵，主意在不用气上做工夫。诸家皆以不武不怒为「不争」之始，而或归于尚德、或归于以慈、或归于体道无为，取径各异。"
   },
   {
    "id": "bu-yu-yu-wei-zhi-xia",
    "name": "善勝敵者不與，善用人者為之下",
    "nameTrad": "善勝敵者不與，善用人者為之下",
    "question": "勝敵何以「不與」？用人何以「為之下」？",
    "questionTrad": "勝敵何以「不與」？用人何以「為之下」？",
    "intro": "此組聚於第三、四句。河上公以附近以仁、來遠以德、不與敵爭而敵自服釋不與，以常為人執謙下釋為之下，最重德化與謙德。王弼注「不與爭也」，又謂用人而不為之下則力不為用，語簡而義盡。成玄英以不為塵染名曰勝敵，既不喜怒何所爭；以能行謙下必為物所歸故能用於人，將勝敵收歸於心性之無染。唐玄宗御注以師克在和、和則善勝、全勝之善故不交爭；以設以使人人盡其力必先下之為善用。御疏以慈不爭、尚德、柔遠能邇、敵人自伏申不與，引《易》「以貴下賤，大得民也」申為之下，兼具政教與名理。李榮以道濟天下、四海來王、五兵不作、物靡之而不刃、無心自然受推釋不與；以使物不失方圓之器、任物各得文武之材、寬則得眾、謙則無咎釋為之下，最重因材任物。陸希聲以不以利動、因勢而取、不為先舉釋不與，以卑身損己、與下者齒釋為之下，純就兵事與治道立說。呂惠卿以體道者不爭，不爭則天下莫能與之爭；能下人者樂為之用而不自用，從「體道」一貫而下。蘇轍以吾不爭故能勝彼之爭，若皆出於爭則未必勝；以人皆有相上之心故莫能相為用，誠能下之則天下皆吾用，最為明快。吳澄以慈者勝敵不待與之對陣較力，兵刃不施而彼將自屈；以吾之智能雖在人上而歉然若不智，用他人之智為智、用他人之能為能，從訓詁見辯證。憨山以善勝敵者不必爭，即前云以慈用兵；以驕矜恃氣不肯下人則人不樂其用，故古之善用人者必為之下，若以下驅人則天下歸之。魏源校記出「不與」一作「不爭」、一本無「敵」字、河上作「不與爭」；又魏源本作「善用人者之下」，無「為」字。諸家於「不與」或訓不爭、或訓不敵對；於「為之下」或就謙德、或就任物、或就下驅，取徑不同。",
    "introTrad": "此組聚於第三、四句。河上公以附近以仁、來遠以德、不與敵爭而敵自服釋不與，以常為人執謙下釋為之下，最重德化與謙德。王弼注「不與爭也」，又謂用人而不為之下則力不為用，語簡而義盡。成玄英以不為塵染名曰勝敵，既不喜怒何所爭；以能行謙下必為物所歸故能用於人，將勝敵收歸於心性之無染。唐玄宗御注以師克在和、和則善勝、全勝之善故不交爭；以設以使人人盡其力必先下之為善用。御疏以慈不爭、尚德、柔遠能邇、敵人自伏申不與，引《易》「以貴下賤，大得民也」申為之下，兼具政教與名理。李榮以道濟天下、四海來王、五兵不作、物靡之而不刃、無心自然受推釋不與；以使物不失方圓之器、任物各得文武之材、寬則得眾、謙則無咎釋為之下，最重因材任物。陸希聲以不以利動、因勢而取、不為先舉釋不與，以卑身損己、與下者齒釋為之下，純就兵事與治道立說。呂惠卿以體道者不爭，不爭則天下莫能與之爭；能下人者樂為之用而不自用，從「體道」一貫而下。蘇轍以吾不爭故能勝彼之爭，若皆出於爭則未必勝；以人皆有相上之心故莫能相為用，誠能下之則天下皆吾用，最為明快。吳澄以慈者勝敵不待與之對陣較力，兵刃不施而彼將自屈；以吾之智能雖在人上而歉然若不智，用他人之智為智、用他人之能為能，從訓詁見辯證。憨山以善勝敵者不必爭，即前云以慈用兵；以驕矜恃氣不肯下人則人不樂其用，故古之善用人者必為之下，若以下驅人則天下歸之。魏源校記出「不與」一作「不爭」、一本無「敵」字、河上作「不與爭」；又魏源本作「善用人者之下」，無「為」字。諸家於「不與」或訓不爭、或訓不敵對；於「為之下」或就謙德、或就任物、或就下驅，取徑不同。",
    "positions": {
     "heshanggong": {
      "workType": "注",
      "workTypeTrad": "注",
      "thesis": "附近以仁、來遠以德，不與敵爭而敵自服；常為人執謙下。",
      "thesisTrad": "附近以仁、來遠以德，不與敵爭而敵自服；常為人執謙下。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c003",
       "c004"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "注",
      "thesisSimp": "附近以仁、来远以德，不与敌争而敌自服；常为人执谦下。"
     },
     "wangbi": {
      "workType": "注",
      "workTypeTrad": "注",
      "thesis": "不與爭也；用人而不為之下，則力不為用也。",
      "thesisTrad": "不與爭也；用人而不為之下，則力不為用也。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c011",
       "c012"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "注",
      "thesisSimp": "不与争也；用人而不为之下，则力不为用也。"
     },
     "chengxuanying": {
      "workType": "疏",
      "workTypeTrad": "疏",
      "thesis": "不為塵染名曰勝敵，既不喜怒何所爭；能行謙下必為物所歸。",
      "thesisTrad": "不為塵染名曰勝敵，既不喜怒何所爭；能行謙下必為物所歸。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c017",
       "c018"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "疏",
      "thesisSimp": "不为尘染名曰胜敌，既不喜怒何所争；能行谦下必为物所归。"
     },
     "tangxuanzong": {
      "workType": "御注",
      "workTypeTrad": "御注",
      "thesis": "師克在和、全勝之善故不交爭；必先下之是為善用。御疏以慈和自伏申不與，引《易》以貴下賤申為之下。",
      "thesisTrad": "師克在和、全勝之善故不交爭；必先下之是為善用。御疏以慈和自伏申不與，引《易》以貴下賤申為之下。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c024",
       "c025",
       "c029",
       "c030"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "御注",
      "thesisSimp": "师克在和、全胜之善故不交争；必先下之是为善用。御疏以慈和自伏申不与，引《易》以贵下贱申为之下。"
     },
     "lirong": {
      "workType": "注",
      "workTypeTrad": "注",
      "thesis": "道濟天下、五兵不作、無心受推故不爭；使物各得方圓文武之材、寬謙得眾故為下。",
      "thesisTrad": "道濟天下、五兵不作、無心受推故不爭；使物各得方圓文武之材、寬謙得眾故為下。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c036",
       "c037"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "注",
      "thesisSimp": "道济天下、五兵不作、无心受推故不争；使物各得方圆文武之材、宽谦得众故为下。"
     },
     "luxisheng": {
      "workType": "傳",
      "workTypeTrad": "傳",
      "thesis": "不以利動、因勢而取故不為先舉；卑身損己、與下者齒故常為之下。",
      "thesisTrad": "不以利動、因勢而取故不為先舉；卑身損己、與下者齒故常為之下。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c041"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "传",
      "thesisSimp": "不以利动、因势而取故不为先举；卑身损己、与下者齿故常为之下。"
     },
     "lvhuiqing": {
      "workType": "傳",
      "workTypeTrad": "傳",
      "thesis": "體道者不爭，不爭則天下莫能與之爭；能下人者樂為之用而不自用。",
      "thesisTrad": "體道者不爭，不爭則天下莫能與之爭；能下人者樂為之用而不自用。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c042"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "传",
      "thesisSimp": "体道者不争，不争则天下莫能与之争；能下人者乐为之用而不自用。"
     },
     "suzhe": {
      "workType": "解",
      "workTypeTrad": "解",
      "thesis": "以吾不爭故能勝彼之爭；人皆有相上之心，誠能下之則天下皆吾用。",
      "thesisTrad": "以吾不爭故能勝彼之爭；人皆有相上之心，誠能下之則天下皆吾用。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c045",
       "c046"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "解",
      "thesisSimp": "以吾不争故能胜彼之争；人皆有相上之心，诚能下之则天下皆吾用。"
     },
     "wucheng": {
      "workType": "注",
      "workTypeTrad": "注",
      "thesis": "勝敵不待對陣較力，兵刃不施而彼自屈；歉然若不智，用他人之智能。",
      "thesisTrad": "勝敵不待對陣較力，兵刃不施而彼自屈；歉然若不智，用他人之智能。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c047"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "注",
      "thesisSimp": "胜敌不待对阵较力，兵刃不施而彼自屈；歉然若不智，用他人之智能。"
     },
     "hanshan": {
      "workType": "解",
      "workTypeTrad": "解",
      "thesis": "善勝敵者不必爭，以慈用兵；驕矜不肯下人則人不樂用，故必為之下。",
      "thesisTrad": "善勝敵者不必爭，以慈用兵；驕矜不肯下人則人不樂用，故必為之下。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c048",
       "c049"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "解",
      "thesisSimp": "善胜敌者不必争，以慈用兵；骄矜不肯下人则人不乐用，故必为之下。"
     },
     "weiyuan": {
      "workType": "本義",
      "workTypeTrad": "本義",
      "thesis": "校記：「善勝敵者不與」一本無「敵」字、傅奕「與」作「爭」、河上作「不與爭」；魏源本「善用人者之下」無「為」字。",
      "thesisTrad": "校記：「善勝敵者不與」一本無「敵」字、傅奕「與」作「爭」、河上作「不與爭」；魏源本「善用人者之下」無「為」字。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c051"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "本义",
      "thesisSimp": "校记：「善胜敌者不与」一本无「敌」字、傅奕「与」作「争」、河上作「不与争」；魏源本「善用人者之下」无「为」字。"
     }
    },
    "chain": [
     {
      "noteId": "c003",
      "relation": "立論",
      "relationTrad": "立論",
      "text": "河上公以附近來遠、敵自服釋不與。",
      "textTrad": "河上公以附近來遠、敵自服釋不與。",
      "relationSimp": "立论",
      "textSimp": "河上公以附近来远、敌自服释不与。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c004",
      "relation": "注",
      "relationTrad": "注",
      "text": "河上公以執謙下釋為之下。",
      "textTrad": "河上公以執謙下釋為之下。",
      "relationSimp": "注",
      "textSimp": "河上公以执谦下释为之下。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c011",
      "relation": "注",
      "relationTrad": "注",
      "text": "王弼以不與爭釋之。",
      "textTrad": "王弼以不與爭釋之。",
      "relationSimp": "注",
      "textSimp": "王弼以不与争释之。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c012",
      "relation": "注",
      "relationTrad": "注",
      "text": "王弼以力不為用反申為之下。",
      "textTrad": "王弼以力不為用反申為之下。",
      "relationSimp": "注",
      "textSimp": "王弼以力不为用反申为之下。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c017",
      "relation": "疏",
      "relationTrad": "疏",
      "text": "成玄英以不為塵染釋勝敵。",
      "textTrad": "成玄英以不為塵染釋勝敵。",
      "relationSimp": "疏",
      "textSimp": "成玄英以不为尘染释胜敌。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c018",
      "relation": "疏",
      "relationTrad": "疏",
      "text": "成玄英以物歸釋謙下。",
      "textTrad": "成玄英以物歸釋謙下。",
      "relationSimp": "疏",
      "textSimp": "成玄英以物归释谦下。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c024",
      "relation": "御注",
      "relationTrad": "御注",
      "text": "御注以師克在和釋不與。",
      "textTrad": "御注以師克在和釋不與。",
      "relationSimp": "御注",
      "textSimp": "御注以师克在和释不与。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c025",
      "relation": "御注",
      "relationTrad": "御注",
      "text": "御注以必先下之釋善用。",
      "textTrad": "御注以必先下之釋善用。",
      "relationSimp": "御注",
      "textSimp": "御注以必先下之释善用。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c029",
      "relation": "御疏",
      "relationTrad": "御疏",
      "text": "御疏以慈和不爭、敵人自伏轉深。",
      "textTrad": "御疏以慈和不爭、敵人自伏轉深。",
      "relationSimp": "御疏",
      "textSimp": "御疏以慈和不争、敌人自伏转深。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c030",
      "relation": "御疏",
      "relationTrad": "御疏",
      "text": "御疏引《易》以貴下賤申為之下。",
      "textTrad": "御疏引《易》以貴下賤申為之下。",
      "relationSimp": "御疏",
      "textSimp": "御疏引《易》以贵下贱申为之下。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c036",
      "relation": "注",
      "relationTrad": "注",
      "text": "李榮以五兵不作、無心受推申說。",
      "textTrad": "李榮以五兵不作、無心受推申說。",
      "relationSimp": "注",
      "textSimp": "李荣以五兵不作、无心受推申说。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c037",
      "relation": "注",
      "relationTrad": "注",
      "text": "李榮以任物之材、寬謙得眾申說。",
      "textTrad": "李榮以任物之材、寬謙得眾申說。",
      "relationSimp": "注",
      "textSimp": "李荣以任物之材、宽谦得众申说。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c041",
      "relation": "傳",
      "relationTrad": "傳",
      "text": "陸希聲以因勢而取、卑身損己分釋。",
      "textTrad": "陸希聲以因勢而取、卑身損己分釋。",
      "relationSimp": "传",
      "textSimp": "陆希声以因势而取、卑身损己分释。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c042",
      "relation": "傳",
      "relationTrad": "傳",
      "text": "呂惠卿以體道不爭、能下人立說。",
      "textTrad": "呂惠卿以體道不爭、能下人立說。",
      "relationSimp": "传",
      "textSimp": "吕惠卿以体道不争、能下人立说。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c045",
      "relation": "解",
      "relationTrad": "解",
      "text": "蘇轍以不爭勝爭申不與。",
      "textTrad": "蘇轍以不爭勝爭申不與。",
      "relationSimp": "解",
      "textSimp": "苏辙以不争胜争申不与。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c046",
      "relation": "解",
      "relationTrad": "解",
      "text": "蘇轍以下之則天下皆用申為之下。",
      "textTrad": "蘇轍以下之則天下皆用申為之下。",
      "relationSimp": "解",
      "textSimp": "苏辙以下之则天下皆用申为之下。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c047",
      "relation": "注",
      "relationTrad": "注",
      "text": "吳澄以不待對陣、用他人智能申之。",
      "textTrad": "吳澄以不待對陣、用他人智能申之。",
      "relationSimp": "注",
      "textSimp": "吴澄以不待对阵、用他人智能申之。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c048",
      "relation": "解",
      "relationTrad": "解",
      "text": "憨山以不必爭、以慈用兵申之。",
      "textTrad": "憨山以不必爭、以慈用兵申之。",
      "relationSimp": "解",
      "textSimp": "憨山以不必争、以慈用兵申之。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c049",
      "relation": "解",
      "relationTrad": "解",
      "text": "憨山以下驅則天下歸之申為之下。",
      "textTrad": "憨山以下驅則天下歸之申為之下。",
      "relationSimp": "解",
      "textSimp": "憨山以下驱则天下归之申为之下。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c051",
      "relation": "本義",
      "relationTrad": "本義",
      "text": "魏源校記列「不與」「不爭」與「之下」異文。",
      "textTrad": "魏源校記列「不與」「不爭」與「之下」異文。",
      "relationSimp": "本义",
      "textSimp": "魏源校记列「不与」「不争」与「之下」异文。"
     }
    ],
    "nameSimp": "善胜敌者不与，善用人者为之下",
    "questionSimp": "胜敌何以「不与」？用人何以「为之下」？",
    "introSimp": "此组聚于第三、四句。河上公以附近以仁、来远以德、不与敌争而敌自服释不与，以常为人执谦下释为之下，最重德化与谦德。王弼注「不与争也」，又谓用人而不为之下则力不为用，语简而义尽。成玄英以不为尘染名曰胜敌，既不喜怒何所争；以能行谦下必为物所归故能用于人，将胜敌收归于心性之无染。唐玄宗御注以师克在和、和则善胜、全胜之善故不交争；以设以使人人尽其力必先下之为善用。御疏以慈不争、尚德、柔远能迩、敌人自伏申不与，引《易》「以贵下贱，大得民也」申为之下，兼具政教与名理。李荣以道济天下、四海来王、五兵不作、物靡之而不刃、无心自然受推释不与；以使物不失方圆之器、任物各得文武之材、宽则得众、谦则无咎释为之下，最重因材任物。陆希声以不以利动、因势而取、不为先举释不与，以卑身损己、与下者齿释为之下，纯就兵事与治道立说。吕惠卿以体道者不争，不争则天下莫能与之争；能下人者乐为之用而不自用，从「体道」一贯而下。苏辙以吾不争故能胜彼之争，若皆出于争则未必胜；以人皆有相上之心故莫能相为用，诚能下之则天下皆吾用，最为明快。吴澄以慈者胜敌不待与之对阵较力，兵刃不施而彼将自屈；以吾之智能虽在人上而歉然若不智，用他人之智为智、用他人之能为能，从训诂见辩证。憨山以善胜敌者不必争，即前云以慈用兵；以骄矜恃气不肯下人则人不乐其用，故古之善用人者必为之下，若以下驱人则天下归之。魏源校记出「不与」一作「不争」、一本无「敌」字、河上作「不与争」；又魏源本作「善用人者之下」，无「为」字。诸家于「不与」或训不争、或训不敌对；于「为之下」或就谦德、或就任物、或就下驱，取径不同。"
   },
   {
    "id": "bu-zheng-zhi-de-yu-yong-ren-zhi-li",
    "name": "是謂不爭之德，是謂用人之力",
    "nameTrad": "是謂不爭之德，是謂用人之力",
    "question": "「不爭之德」與「用人之力」何以並舉？",
    "questionTrad": "「不爭之德」與「用人之力」何以並舉？",
    "intro": "此組聚於第五、六句。河上公以上為之下、是乃不與人爭之道德釋不爭之德，以能身為人下、是謂用人臣之力釋用人之力，將二句逕接前文四善，語最直截。王弼注「用人而不為之下，則力不為用也」，附於用人之力下，實兼釋為之下，以反言見義。成玄英以不與物爭故成己之德結善勝敵，以謙下雌柔不用於物、物必歸之而為己用結善用人為下，二句各有所結。唐玄宗御注三句合注，以善勝屬不爭之德、為下屬用人之力，能如此者可以配天稱帝；御疏以善士常柔、善戰常慈、善勝常讓、善用常謙，物竭其能、人盡其用皆謙下所致，總釋不爭之德，又引《詩》「悅以使民，人忘其勞」釋用人之力。李榮以此結上不武不怒而能勝敵釋不爭之德，以此結善用人為下人為之盡力釋用人之力，最為簡淨。陸希聲以用師以和而克釋不爭之德，以使民悅以犯難釋用人之力，將二句分屬兵、民二事。呂惠卿以德則不爭、力則用人，雖用兵之危我猶无為，將二句收歸於德力一貫。吳澄以不恃智能而用人之力、成己之事如天之無為而成，將用人之力直接上通於配天。憨山以若以下驅人則天下歸之、是以下用人最有力，又以是謂不爭之德一句承上四善。魏源引焦氏竑謂至爭者性兵，故借兵事以明不爭之德。諸家皆以二句為全章之結，而「不爭之德」或就勝敵言、或就四善總言；「用人之力」或就臣力言、或就民力言、或就任物之材言，取徑不同。",
    "introTrad": "此組聚於第五、六句。河上公以上為之下、是乃不與人爭之道德釋不爭之德，以能身為人下、是謂用人臣之力釋用人之力，將二句逕接前文四善，語最直截。王弼注「用人而不為之下，則力不為用也」，附於用人之力下，實兼釋為之下，以反言見義。成玄英以不與物爭故成己之德結善勝敵，以謙下雌柔不用於物、物必歸之而為己用結善用人為下，二句各有所結。唐玄宗御注三句合注，以善勝屬不爭之德、為下屬用人之力，能如此者可以配天稱帝；御疏以善士常柔、善戰常慈、善勝常讓、善用常謙，物竭其能、人盡其用皆謙下所致，總釋不爭之德，又引《詩》「悅以使民，人忘其勞」釋用人之力。李榮以此結上不武不怒而能勝敵釋不爭之德，以此結善用人為下人為之盡力釋用人之力，最為簡淨。陸希聲以用師以和而克釋不爭之德，以使民悅以犯難釋用人之力，將二句分屬兵、民二事。呂惠卿以德則不爭、力則用人，雖用兵之危我猶无為，將二句收歸於德力一貫。吳澄以不恃智能而用人之力、成己之事如天之無為而成，將用人之力直接上通於配天。憨山以若以下驅人則天下歸之、是以下用人最有力，又以是謂不爭之德一句承上四善。魏源引焦氏竑謂至爭者性兵，故借兵事以明不爭之德。諸家皆以二句為全章之結，而「不爭之德」或就勝敵言、或就四善總言；「用人之力」或就臣力言、或就民力言、或就任物之材言，取徑不同。",
    "positions": {
     "heshanggong": {
      "workType": "注",
      "workTypeTrad": "注",
      "thesis": "上為之下，是乃不與人爭之道德；能身為人下，是謂用人臣之力。",
      "thesisTrad": "上為之下，是乃不與人爭之道德；能身為人下，是謂用人臣之力。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c005",
       "c006"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "注",
      "thesisSimp": "上为之下，是乃不与人争之道德；能身为人下，是谓用人臣之力。"
     },
     "wangbi": {
      "workType": "注",
      "workTypeTrad": "注",
      "thesis": "用人而不為之下，則力不為用也。",
      "thesisTrad": "用人而不為之下，則力不為用也。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c012"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "注",
      "thesisSimp": "用人而不为之下，则力不为用也。"
     },
     "chengxuanying": {
      "workType": "疏",
      "workTypeTrad": "疏",
      "thesis": "不與物爭故成己之德；謙下雌柔，物必歸之而為己用。",
      "thesisTrad": "不與物爭故成己之德；謙下雌柔，物必歸之而為己用。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c019",
       "c020"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "疏",
      "thesisSimp": "不与物争故成己之德；谦下雌柔，物必归之而为己用。"
     },
     "tangxuanzong": {
      "workType": "御注",
      "workTypeTrad": "御注",
      "thesis": "善勝是不爭之德，為下是用人之力，能如此者可以配天稱帝。御疏以物竭其能、人盡其用為謙下所致，引《詩》悅以使民釋用人之力。",
      "thesisTrad": "善勝是不爭之德，為下是用人之力，能如此者可以配天稱帝。御疏以物竭其能、人盡其用為謙下所致，引《詩》悅以使民釋用人之力。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c026",
       "c031",
       "c032"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "御注",
      "thesisSimp": "善胜是不争之德，为下是用人之力，能如此者可以配天称帝。御疏以物竭其能、人尽其用为谦下所致，引《诗》悦以使民释用人之力。"
     },
     "lirong": {
      "workType": "注",
      "workTypeTrad": "注",
      "thesis": "此結上不武不怒而能勝敵；此結善用人為下，人為之盡力。",
      "thesisTrad": "此結上不武不怒而能勝敵；此結善用人為下，人為之盡力。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c038",
       "c039"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "注",
      "thesisSimp": "此结上不武不怒而能胜敌；此结善用人为下，人为之尽力。"
     },
     "luxisheng": {
      "workType": "傳",
      "workTypeTrad": "傳",
      "thesis": "用師以和而克故為不爭之德；使民悅以犯難故為用人之力。",
      "thesisTrad": "用師以和而克故為不爭之德；使民悅以犯難故為用人之力。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c041"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "传",
      "thesisSimp": "用师以和而克故为不争之德；使民悦以犯难故为用人之力。"
     },
     "lvhuiqing": {
      "workType": "傳",
      "workTypeTrad": "傳",
      "thesis": "德則不爭，力則用人；雖用兵之危我猶无為，況其它乎。",
      "thesisTrad": "德則不爭，力則用人；雖用兵之危我猶无為，況其它乎。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c042"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "传",
      "thesisSimp": "德则不争，力则用人；虽用兵之危我犹无为，况其它乎。"
     },
     "wucheng": {
      "workType": "注",
      "workTypeTrad": "注",
      "thesis": "不恃智能而用人之力，成己之事如天之無為而成。",
      "thesisTrad": "不恃智能而用人之力，成己之事如天之無為而成。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c047"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "注",
      "thesisSimp": "不恃智能而用人之力，成己之事如天之无为而成。"
     },
     "hanshan": {
      "workType": "解",
      "workTypeTrad": "解",
      "thesis": "以下驅人則天下歸之，是以下用人最有力。",
      "thesisTrad": "以下驅人則天下歸之，是以下用人最有力。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c049"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "解",
      "thesisSimp": "以下驱人则天下归之，是以下用人最有力。"
     },
     "weiyuan": {
      "workType": "本義",
      "workTypeTrad": "本義",
      "thesis": "引焦氏竑：至爭者性兵，故借兵事以明不爭之德。",
      "thesisTrad": "引焦氏竑：至爭者性兵，故借兵事以明不爭之德。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c050"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "本义",
      "thesisSimp": "引焦氏竑：至争者性兵，故借兵事以明不争之德。"
     }
    },
    "chain": [
     {
      "noteId": "c005",
      "relation": "立論",
      "relationTrad": "立論",
      "text": "河上公以不與人爭之道德釋之。",
      "textTrad": "河上公以不與人爭之道德釋之。",
      "relationSimp": "立论",
      "textSimp": "河上公以不与人争之道德释之。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c006",
      "relation": "注",
      "relationTrad": "注",
      "text": "河上公以用人臣之力釋之。",
      "textTrad": "河上公以用人臣之力釋之。",
      "relationSimp": "注",
      "textSimp": "河上公以用人臣之力释之。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c012",
      "relation": "注",
      "relationTrad": "注",
      "text": "王弼以力不為用反申之。",
      "textTrad": "王弼以力不為用反申之。",
      "relationSimp": "注",
      "textSimp": "王弼以力不为用反申之。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c019",
      "relation": "疏",
      "relationTrad": "疏",
      "text": "成玄英以成己之德結不爭。",
      "textTrad": "成玄英以成己之德結不爭。",
      "relationSimp": "疏",
      "textSimp": "成玄英以成己之德结不争。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c020",
      "relation": "疏",
      "relationTrad": "疏",
      "text": "成玄英以物歸己用結用人之力。",
      "textTrad": "成玄英以物歸己用結用人之力。",
      "relationSimp": "疏",
      "textSimp": "成玄英以物归己用结用人之力。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c026",
      "relation": "御注",
      "relationTrad": "御注",
      "text": "御注以善勝、為下分屬二句。",
      "textTrad": "御注以善勝、為下分屬二句。",
      "relationSimp": "御注",
      "textSimp": "御注以善胜、为下分属二句。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c031",
      "relation": "御疏",
      "relationTrad": "御疏",
      "text": "御疏總四善以釋不爭之德。",
      "textTrad": "御疏總四善以釋不爭之德。",
      "relationSimp": "御疏",
      "textSimp": "御疏总四善以释不争之德。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c032",
      "relation": "御疏",
      "relationTrad": "御疏",
      "text": "御疏引《詩》悅以使民釋用人之力。",
      "textTrad": "御疏引《詩》悅以使民釋用人之力。",
      "relationSimp": "御疏",
      "textSimp": "御疏引《诗》悦以使民释用人之力。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c038",
      "relation": "注",
      "relationTrad": "注",
      "text": "李榮以前結勝敵釋不爭之德。",
      "textTrad": "李榮以前結勝敵釋不爭之德。",
      "relationSimp": "注",
      "textSimp": "李荣以前结胜敌释不争之德。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c039",
      "relation": "注",
      "relationTrad": "注",
      "text": "李榮以人為盡力釋用人之力。",
      "textTrad": "李榮以人為盡力釋用人之力。",
      "relationSimp": "注",
      "textSimp": "李荣以人为尽力释用人之力。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c041",
      "relation": "傳",
      "relationTrad": "傳",
      "text": "陸希聲以用師、使民分屬二句。",
      "textTrad": "陸希聲以用師、使民分屬二句。",
      "relationSimp": "传",
      "textSimp": "陆希声以用师、使民分属二句。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c042",
      "relation": "傳",
      "relationTrad": "傳",
      "text": "呂惠卿以德力一貫申之。",
      "textTrad": "呂惠卿以德力一貫申之。",
      "relationSimp": "传",
      "textSimp": "吕惠卿以德力一贯申之。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c047",
      "relation": "注",
      "relationTrad": "注",
      "text": "吳澄以如天無為而成申用人之力。",
      "textTrad": "吳澄以如天無為而成申用人之力。",
      "relationSimp": "注",
      "textSimp": "吴澄以如天无为而成申用人之力。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c049",
      "relation": "解",
      "relationTrad": "解",
      "text": "憨山以下用人最有力申之。",
      "textTrad": "憨山以下用人最有力申之。",
      "relationSimp": "解",
      "textSimp": "憨山以下用人最有力申之。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c050",
      "relation": "本義",
      "relationTrad": "本義",
      "text": "魏源引焦氏竑以兵明不爭之德。",
      "textTrad": "魏源引焦氏竑以兵明不爭之德。",
      "relationSimp": "本义",
      "textSimp": "魏源引焦氏竑以兵明不争之德。"
     }
    ],
    "nameSimp": "是谓不争之德，是谓用人之力",
    "questionSimp": "「不争之德」与「用人之力」何以并举？",
    "introSimp": "此组聚于第五、六句。河上公以上为之下、是乃不与人争之道德释不争之德，以能身为人下、是谓用人臣之力释用人之力，将二句迳接前文四善，语最直截。王弼注「用人而不为之下，则力不为用也」，附于用人之力下，实兼释为之下，以反言见义。成玄英以不与物争故成己之德结善胜敌，以谦下雌柔不用于物、物必归之而为己用结善用人为下，二句各有所结。唐玄宗御注三句合注，以善胜属不争之德、为下属用人之力，能如此者可以配天称帝；御疏以善士常柔、善战常慈、善胜常让、善用常谦，物竭其能、人尽其用皆谦下所致，总释不争之德，又引《诗》「悦以使民，人忘其劳」释用人之力。李荣以此结上不武不怒而能胜敌释不争之德，以此结善用人为下人为之尽力释用人之力，最为简净。陆希声以用师以和而克释不争之德，以使民悦以犯难释用人之力，将二句分属兵、民二事。吕惠卿以德则不争、力则用人，虽用兵之危我犹无为，将二句收归于德力一贯。吴澄以不恃智能而用人之力、成己之事如天之无为而成，将用人之力直接上通于配天。憨山以若以下驱人则天下归之、是以下用人最有力，又以是谓不争之德一句承上四善。魏源引焦氏竑谓至争者性兵，故借兵事以明不争之德。诸家皆以二句为全章之结，而「不争之德」或就胜敌言、或就四善总言；「用人之力」或就臣力言、或就民力言、或就任物之材言，取径不同。"
   },
   {
    "id": "pei-tian-gu-zhi-ji",
    "name": "是謂配天古之極",
    "nameTrad": "是謂配天古之極",
    "question": "「配天」與「古之極」是何等境界？",
    "questionTrad": "「配天」與「古之極」是何等境界？",
    "intro": "此組聚於末句。河上公分二注：能行此者德配天地，是乃古之極要道，以「配天」為德合天地、以「古之極」為古之至極法則。王弼無注，故其義須由前四注推見。成玄英逐字為訓：配合也，天自然也，極道果也；謂善修之士妙體其空、達於逆順、不與物爭，故能合至理之自然、契古始之極道，帶有重玄色彩。唐玄宗御注以善勝、為下分屬前二句，而以能如此者可以配天稱帝、是古之至極要道總釋末句；御疏以總結上來四善之行，能行之者可以配天稱帝，最為明晰。李榮以懷物以道、來遠用文、不戰而自勝、無爭而獨尊，其德高大比之上天、其化淳和比之極古，又以虛心實腹、坐忘合道、不假威權、無勞勇猛回釋全章四善，結構最為完整。陸希聲以天道自然、其間無巧、克配上帝、古者至極為結，語本《詩》《書》。呂惠卿以雖用兵之危我猶无為，无為為之之謂天，德至於无為則與天同而無以加，故曰配天古之極，從「无為」一路推至天德。吳澄以不恃智能而用人之力、成己之事如天之無為而成釋配天，以惟上古聖神之至極者能如此釋古之極。憨山以乾下坤上為泰、天在上而用在下，聖人處民上而心在下為配天之德；又以古皇維極之道、置百姓於熙皞至樂之中釋古之極，並以不用氣、專氣致柔作結。魏源引焦氏竑謂不武不怒而遂云配天古之極，蓋至爭者性兵，故借以明不爭之德，從章法上點出末句之作用。諸家於「配天」或訓德合天地、或訓與天同、或訓如天無為；於「古之極」或訓古之至極要道、或訓契古始之極道、或訓上古聖神之至極，取徑不同而皆以末句為全章之總收。",
    "introTrad": "此組聚於末句。河上公分二注：能行此者德配天地，是乃古之極要道，以「配天」為德合天地、以「古之極」為古之至極法則。王弼無注，故其義須由前四注推見。成玄英逐字為訓：配合也，天自然也，極道果也；謂善修之士妙體其空、達於逆順、不與物爭，故能合至理之自然、契古始之極道，帶有重玄色彩。唐玄宗御注以善勝、為下分屬前二句，而以能如此者可以配天稱帝、是古之至極要道總釋末句；御疏以總結上來四善之行，能行之者可以配天稱帝，最為明晰。李榮以懷物以道、來遠用文、不戰而自勝、無爭而獨尊，其德高大比之上天、其化淳和比之極古，又以虛心實腹、坐忘合道、不假威權、無勞勇猛回釋全章四善，結構最為完整。陸希聲以天道自然、其間無巧、克配上帝、古者至極為結，語本《詩》《書》。呂惠卿以雖用兵之危我猶无為，无為為之之謂天，德至於无為則與天同而無以加，故曰配天古之極，從「无為」一路推至天德。吳澄以不恃智能而用人之力、成己之事如天之無為而成釋配天，以惟上古聖神之至極者能如此釋古之極。憨山以乾下坤上為泰、天在上而用在下，聖人處民上而心在下為配天之德；又以古皇維極之道、置百姓於熙皞至樂之中釋古之極，並以不用氣、專氣致柔作結。魏源引焦氏竑謂不武不怒而遂云配天古之極，蓋至爭者性兵，故借以明不爭之德，從章法上點出末句之作用。諸家於「配天」或訓德合天地、或訓與天同、或訓如天無為；於「古之極」或訓古之至極要道、或訓契古始之極道、或訓上古聖神之至極，取徑不同而皆以末句為全章之總收。",
    "positions": {
     "heshanggong": {
      "workType": "注",
      "workTypeTrad": "注",
      "thesis": "能行此者德配天地；是乃古之極要道也。",
      "thesisTrad": "能行此者德配天地；是乃古之極要道也。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c007",
       "c008"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "注",
      "thesisSimp": "能行此者德配天地；是乃古之极要道也。"
     },
     "chengxuanying": {
      "workType": "疏",
      "workTypeTrad": "疏",
      "thesis": "配合也，天自然也，極道果也；合至理之自然，契古始之極道。",
      "thesisTrad": "配合也，天自然也，極道果也；合至理之自然，契古始之極道。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c021"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "疏",
      "thesisSimp": "配合也，天自然也，极道果也；合至理之自然，契古始之极道。"
     },
     "tangxuanzong": {
      "workType": "御注",
      "workTypeTrad": "御注",
      "thesis": "能如此者可以配天稱帝，是古之至極要道。御疏以總結四善之行申之。",
      "thesisTrad": "能如此者可以配天稱帝，是古之至極要道。御疏以總結四善之行申之。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c026",
       "c033"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "御注",
      "thesisSimp": "能如此者可以配天称帝，是古之至极要道。御疏以总结四善之行申之。"
     },
     "lirong": {
      "workType": "注",
      "workTypeTrad": "注",
      "thesis": "其德高大比之上天，其化淳和比之極古；虛心實腹、坐忘合道。",
      "thesisTrad": "其德高大比之上天，其化淳和比之極古；虛心實腹、坐忘合道。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c040"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "注",
      "thesisSimp": "其德高大比之上天，其化淳和比之极古；虚心实腹、坐忘合道。"
     },
     "luxisheng": {
      "workType": "傳",
      "workTypeTrad": "傳",
      "thesis": "天道自然，其間無巧，乃可以克配上帝，乃古者之至極。",
      "thesisTrad": "天道自然，其間無巧，乃可以克配上帝，乃古者之至極。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c041"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "传",
      "thesisSimp": "天道自然，其间无巧，乃可以克配上帝，乃古者之至极。"
     },
     "lvhuiqing": {
      "workType": "傳",
      "workTypeTrad": "傳",
      "thesis": "无為為之之謂天，德至於无為則與天同而無以加，故曰配天古之極。",
      "thesisTrad": "无為為之之謂天，德至於无為則與天同而無以加，故曰配天古之極。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c042"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "传",
      "thesisSimp": "无为为之之谓天，德至于无为则与天同而无以加，故曰配天古之极。"
     },
     "wucheng": {
      "workType": "注",
      "workTypeTrad": "注",
      "thesis": "如天之無為而成故曰配天；惟上古聖神之至極者能如此故曰古之極。",
      "thesisTrad": "如天之無為而成故曰配天；惟上古聖神之至極者能如此故曰古之極。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c047"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "注",
      "thesisSimp": "如天之无为而成故曰配天；惟上古圣神之至极者能如此故曰古之极。"
     },
     "hanshan": {
      "workType": "解",
      "workTypeTrad": "解",
      "thesis": "乾下坤上為泰，聖人處民上而心在下，可謂配天之德；此古皇維極之道。",
      "thesisTrad": "乾下坤上為泰，聖人處民上而心在下，可謂配天之德；此古皇維極之道。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c049"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "解",
      "thesisSimp": "干下坤上为泰，圣人处民上而心在下，可谓配天之德；此古皇维极之道。"
     },
     "weiyuan": {
      "workType": "本義",
      "workTypeTrad": "本義",
      "thesis": "引焦氏竑：不武不怒而遂云配天古之極，蓋至爭者性兵，借以明不爭之德。",
      "thesisTrad": "引焦氏竑：不武不怒而遂云配天古之極，蓋至爭者性兵，借以明不爭之德。",
      "noteIds": [
       "c050"
      ],
      "workTypeSimp": "本义",
      "thesisSimp": "引焦氏竑：不武不怒而遂云配天古之极，盖至争者性兵，借以明不争之德。"
     }
    },
    "chain": [
     {
      "noteId": "c007",
      "relation": "立論",
      "relationTrad": "立論",
      "text": "河上公以德配天地釋配天。",
      "textTrad": "河上公以德配天地釋配天。",
      "relationSimp": "立论",
      "textSimp": "河上公以德配天地释配天。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c008",
      "relation": "注",
      "relationTrad": "注",
      "text": "河上公以古之極要道釋古之極。",
      "textTrad": "河上公以古之極要道釋古之極。",
      "relationSimp": "注",
      "textSimp": "河上公以古之极要道释古之极。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c021",
      "relation": "疏",
      "relationTrad": "疏",
      "text": "成玄英以配合自然、契古始極道分疏。",
      "textTrad": "成玄英以配合自然、契古始極道分疏。",
      "relationSimp": "疏",
      "textSimp": "成玄英以配合自然、契古始极道分疏。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c026",
      "relation": "御注",
      "relationTrad": "御注",
      "text": "御注以配天稱帝、古之至極要道總結。",
      "textTrad": "御注以配天稱帝、古之至極要道總結。",
      "relationSimp": "御注",
      "textSimp": "御注以配天称帝、古之至极要道总结。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c033",
      "relation": "御疏",
      "relationTrad": "御疏",
      "text": "御疏以總結四善之行申之。",
      "textTrad": "御疏以總結四善之行申之。",
      "relationSimp": "御疏",
      "textSimp": "御疏以总结四善之行申之。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c040",
      "relation": "注",
      "relationTrad": "注",
      "text": "李榮以德比上天、化比極古作結。",
      "textTrad": "李榮以德比上天、化比極古作結。",
      "relationSimp": "注",
      "textSimp": "李荣以德比上天、化比极古作结。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c041",
      "relation": "傳",
      "relationTrad": "傳",
      "text": "陸希聲以克配上帝、古者至極作結。",
      "textTrad": "陸希聲以克配上帝、古者至極作結。",
      "relationSimp": "传",
      "textSimp": "陆希声以克配上帝、古者至极作结。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c042",
      "relation": "傳",
      "relationTrad": "傳",
      "text": "呂惠卿以无為同天作結。",
      "textTrad": "呂惠卿以无為同天作結。",
      "relationSimp": "传",
      "textSimp": "吕惠卿以无为同天作结。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c047",
      "relation": "注",
      "relationTrad": "注",
      "text": "吳澄以如天無為、上古聖神作結。",
      "textTrad": "吳澄以如天無為、上古聖神作結。",
      "relationSimp": "注",
      "textSimp": "吴澄以如天无为、上古圣神作结。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c049",
      "relation": "解",
      "relationTrad": "解",
      "text": "憨山以否泰之喻、古皇維極作結。",
      "textTrad": "憨山以否泰之喻、古皇維極作結。",
      "relationSimp": "解",
      "textSimp": "憨山以否泰之喻、古皇维极作结。"
     },
     {
      "noteId": "c050",
      "relation": "本義",
      "relationTrad": "本義",
      "text": "魏源引焦氏竑點出末句章法。",
      "textTrad": "魏源引焦氏竑點出末句章法。",
      "relationSimp": "本义",
      "textSimp": "魏源引焦氏竑点出末句章法。"
     }
    ],
    "nameSimp": "是谓配天古之极",
    "questionSimp": "「配天」与「古之极」是何等境界？",
    "introSimp": "此组聚于末句。河上公分二注：能行此者德配天地，是乃古之极要道，以「配天」为德合天地、以「古之极」为古之至极法则。王弼无注，故其义须由前四注推见。成玄英逐字为训：配合也，天自然也，极道果也；谓善修之士妙体其空、达于逆顺、不与物争，故能合至理之自然、契古始之极道，带有重玄色彩。唐玄宗御注以善胜、为下分属前二句，而以能如此者可以配天称帝、是古之至极要道总释末句；御疏以总结上来四善之行，能行之者可以配天称帝，最为明晰。李荣以怀物以道、来远用文、不战而自胜、无争而独尊，其德高大比之上天、其化淳和比之极古，又以虚心实腹、坐忘合道、不假威权、无劳勇猛回释全章四善，结构最为完整。陆希声以天道自然、其间无巧、克配上帝、古者至极为结，语本《诗》《书》。吕惠卿以虽用兵之危我犹无为，无为为之之谓天，德至于无为则与天同而无以加，故曰配天古之极，从「无为」一路推至天德。吴澄以不恃智能而用人之力、成己之事如天之无为而成释配天，以惟上古圣神之至极者能如此释古之极。憨山以干下坤上为泰、天在上而用在下，圣人处民上而心在下为配天之德；又以古皇维极之道、置百姓于熙皞至乐之中释古之极，并以不用气、专气致柔作结。魏源引焦氏竑谓不武不怒而遂云配天古之极，盖至争者性兵，故借以明不争之德，从章法上点出末句之作用。诸家于「配天」或训德合天地、或训与天同、或训如天无为；于「古之极」或训古之至极要道、或训契古始之极道、或训上古圣神之至极，取径不同而皆以末句为全章之总收。"
   }
  ],
  "requiredSources": [
   "heshanggong",
   "tangxuanzong"
  ]
 },
 "schema": "librebook.chapter/1",
 "generatedAt": "2026-10-30T11:41:46.935Z",
 "keyPrefix": "laozi-68",
 "idRules": {
  "chapter": "章节目录名（slug），如 01；URL 为 /laozi/01/。",
  "sentence": "章内局部编号 sNNN，全篇引用使用 laozi-01:sNNN；页面锚点继续使用 #sNNN。",
  "commentary": "章内注号 cNNN，字词注 nNNN，校记 kNNN；编号在章内稳定，跨章引用时加章节前缀。",
  "paragraph": "章内段落号 pNNN，与 sentence.paragraph 对应。"
 },
 "book": {
  "id": "laozi",
  "slug": "laozi",
  "title": "老子",
  "titleSimp": "老子",
  "author": "老聃",
  "authorSimp": "老聃",
  "era": "春秋",
  "eraSimp": "春秋",
  "editor": "河上公、王弼等",
  "editorSimp": "河上公、王弼等",
  "edition": "王弼《老子注》",
  "editionSimp": "王弼《老子注》",
  "baseLabel": "王弼《老子注》",
  "baseLabelSimp": "王弼《老子注》",
  "separationLabel": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英義疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、嚴遵指歸、李榮注、陸希聲傳、呂惠卿傳、蘇轍老子解、吳澄道德真經注、憨山道德經解、魏源老子本義、俞樾平議、王夫之老子衍十四家",
  "separationLabelSimp": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英义疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、严遵指归、李荣注、陆希声传、吕惠卿传、苏辙老子解、吴澄道德真经注、憨山道德经解、魏源老子本义、俞樾平议、王夫之老子衍十四家",
  "intro": "《老子》八十一章，分道經、德經。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》為底本，逐章整理正文、舊注、今譯與校記；第一至八十一章已上線，全帙完竣。",
  "introSimp": "《老子》八十一章，分道经、德经。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》为底本，逐章整理正文、旧注、今译与校记；第一至八十一章已上线，全帙完竣。"
 },
 "volume": {
  "id": "dejing",
  "order": 2,
  "title": "德經",
  "titleSimp": "德经"
 },
 "chapter": {
  "id": "laozi-68",
  "slug": "68",
  "order": 68,
  "title": "第六十八章",
  "titleSimp": "第六十八章",
  "status": "published",
  "revision": "初校",
  "review": "待复核",
  "updated": "2026-10-30",
  "summary": "第六十八章〈配天章〉七句：善為士者不武；善戰者不怒；善勝敵者不與；善用人者為之下；是謂不爭之德；是謂用人之力；是謂配天古之極。嚴遵《指歸》此章《玄德纂疏》無輯文；王夫之《老子衍》公開轉錄本此章全闕；俞樾《諸子平議》此章未列，故不列。全章以四善發端：善為士者不逞武勇，善戰者不憑憤怒，善勝敵者不與爭鬥，善用人者對人謙下；末以三句結之：不與人爭是為不爭之德，能下人而用人之力是為用人之力，能行此者德配天地是為古之極。河上公逐句為注八條，以言貴道德、不好武力釋不武，以禁邪於胷心、絕禍於未萌、無所誅怒釋不怒，以附近以仁、來遠以德、不與敵爭而敵自服釋不與，以常為人執謙下釋為之下，以不與人爭之道德、用人臣之力、德配天地、古之極要道分釋末三句。王弼注四條，以「士，卒之帥也，武尚先陵人」釋不武，以「後而不先，應而不唱」釋不怒，以「不與爭也」釋不與，以「用人而不為之下，則力不為用也」釋為之下與用人之力，末三句無注。成玄英標章義，分全章為三別：爰引古實以勖行人、略舉三善顯其勝行、結成極道嘆美功能；疏以靜退無為、不捨慈而武勇釋不武，以善達前境虛幻、制敵於未萌、妙體違順兩空釋不怒，以不為塵染、既不喜怒何所爭釋不與，以能行謙下必為物所歸釋為之下，以不與物爭成己之德、謙下雌柔物必歸之、合至理之自然契古始之極道分釋末三句；章義一則、疏八條。唐玄宗御注五條，以士為事、武為威武，明德之君行慈儉而伏物、不威武以御人釋不武，以應敵以慈則善不憑怒釋不怒，以師克在和、全勝之善故不交爭釋不與，以必先下之為善用釋為之下，末三句合注，以善勝屬不爭之德、為下屬用人之力，能如此者可以配天稱帝、為古之至極要道。御疏七條，以尚德釋不武、以止敵釋不怒、以慈和不爭敵人自伏釋不與，引《易》「以貴下賤」、《詩》「悅以使民」申謙下用人之義，以物竭其能、人盡其用釋不爭之德，以配天稱帝、古之至極要道總結。李榮七條，以慈來物、以德伏人、無鬭以力、不好以勇、無為而化釋不武，以息寇亂、救物用慈釋不怒，以道濟天下、四海來王、五兵不作、無心受推釋不與，以使物不失方圓、任物各得文武、寬則得眾、謙則無咎釋為之下，以不武不怒而能勝敵結不爭之德，以善用人為下人為之盡力結用人之力，末以虛心實腹、坐忘合道、不假威權、無勞勇猛總結全章。陸希聲傳一段，以慈愛士卒、唱而後應、因勢而取、卑身損己分釋四善，以用師以和而克釋不爭之德、使民悅以犯難釋用人之力，以克配上帝、古者至極作結。呂惠卿傳一段，以士之事道將人為任、體道者不爭能下人立說，以不爭為德、用人為力、无為為天釋末三句。蘇轍四條，以士以武為本而行之以怯、聖人不得已而後戰、以吾不爭故能勝彼之爭、人皆有相上之心故能下之則天下皆吾用分釋四善，末三句無注。吳澄注一段，謂申言慈之寶，歷敘古者車戰甲士戰卒之制，慈者用兵士不欲强武、戰不欲奮怒、勝敵不待對陣較力，吾之智能雖在人上而歉然若不智，用他人之智為智、用他人之能為能，如天之不爭而勝、無為而成。憨山解一段（本站分二條），以一章主意全在「善用人者為之下」一句，假兵家戰勝之事形容其慈，以乾下坤上為泰、聖人處民上而心在下為配天之德，以專氣致柔、不見物為對則不期下而自下作結。魏源合第六十七至六十九章為其第五十八章，引焦氏竑「至爭者性兵，故借之以明不爭之德」與王弼注，校記出「一本無敵字、傅奕與作爭、河上作不與爭」諸異文，本義摘錄一段、校記一條。河上公題「配天第六十八」，經文作「善勝戰者不與」「善用人者為下」；成玄英題「古之善為士章第六十八」；呂惠卿、蘇轍題「善為士章第六十八」，王弼本無章題；吳澄合此章與前後二章為其第五十七章。河上公作「善勝戰者不與」，成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、憨山作「善勝敵者不爭」，王弼、吳澄、魏源作「不與」；魏源本作「善用人者之下」，校記謂一本無「敵」字、傅奕「與」作「爭」、河上作「不與爭」。並見校記。",
  "summarySimp": "第六十八章〈配天章〉七句：善为士者不武；善战者不怒；善胜敌者不与；善用人者为之下；是谓不争之德；是谓用人之力；是谓配天古之极。严遵《指归》此章《玄德纂疏》无辑文；王夫之《老子衍》公开转录本此章全阙；俞樾《诸子平议》此章未列，故不列。全章以四善发端：善为士者不逞武勇，善战者不凭愤怒，善胜敌者不与争斗，善用人者对人谦下；末以三句结之：不与人争是为不争之德，能下人而用人之力是为用人之力，能行此者德配天地是为古之极。河上公逐句为注八条，以言贵道德、不好武力释不武，以禁邪于胷心、绝祸于未萌、无所诛怒释不怒，以附近以仁、来远以德、不与敌争而敌自服释不与，以常为人执谦下释为之下，以不与人争之道德、用人臣之力、德配天地、古之极要道分释末三句。王弼注四条，以「士，卒之帅也，武尚先陵人」释不武，以「后而不先，应而不唱」释不怒，以「不与争也」释不与，以「用人而不为之下，则力不为用也」释为之下与用人之力，末三句无注。成玄英标章义，分全章为三别：爰引古实以勖行人、略举三善显其胜行、结成极道叹美功能；疏以静退无为、不舍慈而武勇释不武，以善达前境虚幻、制敌于未萌、妙体违顺两空释不怒，以不为尘染、既不喜怒何所争释不与，以能行谦下必为物所归释为之下，以不与物争成己之德、谦下雌柔物必归之、合至理之自然契古始之极道分释末三句；章义一则、疏八条。唐玄宗御注五条，以士为事、武为威武，明德之君行慈俭而伏物、不威武以御人释不武，以应敌以慈则善不凭怒释不怒，以师克在和、全胜之善故不交争释不与，以必先下之为善用释为之下，末三句合注，以善胜属不争之德、为下属用人之力，能如此者可以配天称帝、为古之至极要道。御疏七条，以尚德释不武、以止敌释不怒、以慈和不争敌人自伏释不与，引《易》「以贵下贱」、《诗》「悦以使民」申谦下用人之义，以物竭其能、人尽其用释不争之德，以配天称帝、古之至极要道总结。李荣七条，以慈来物、以德伏人、无鬭以力、不好以勇、无为而化释不武，以息寇乱、救物用慈释不怒，以道济天下、四海来王、五兵不作、无心受推释不与，以使物不失方圆、任物各得文武、宽则得众、谦则无咎释为之下，以不武不怒而能胜敌结不争之德，以善用人为下人为之尽力结用人之力，末以虚心实腹、坐忘合道、不假威权、无劳勇猛总结全章。陆希声传一段，以慈爱士卒、唱而后应、因势而取、卑身损己分释四善，以用师以和而克释不争之德、使民悦以犯难释用人之力，以克配上帝、古者至极作结。吕惠卿传一段，以士之事道将人为任、体道者不争能下人立说，以不争为德、用人为力、无为为天释末三句。苏辙四条，以士以武为本而行之以怯、圣人不得已而后战、以吾不争故能胜彼之争、人皆有相上之心故能下之则天下皆吾用分释四善，末三句无注。吴澄注一段，谓申言慈之宝，历叙古者车战甲士战卒之制，慈者用兵士不欲强武、战不欲奋怒、胜敌不待对阵较力，吾之智能虽在人上而歉然若不智，用他人之智为智、用他人之能为能，如天之不争而胜、无为而成。憨山解一段（本站分二条），以一章主意全在「善用人者为之下」一句，假兵家战胜之事形容其慈，以干下坤上为泰、圣人处民上而心在下为配天之德，以专气致柔、不见物为对则不期下而自下作结。魏源合第六十七至六十九章为其第五十八章，引焦氏竑「至争者性兵，故借之以明不争之德」与王弼注，校记出「一本无敌字、傅奕与作争、河上作不与争」诸异文，本义摘录一段、校记一条。河上公题「配天第六十八」，经文作「善胜战者不与」「善用人者为下」；成玄英题「古之善为士章第六十八」；吕惠卿、苏辙题「善为士章第六十八」，王弼本无章题；吴澄合此章与前后二章为其第五十七章。河上公作「善胜战者不与」，成玄英、唐玄宗、李荣、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、憨山作「善胜敌者不争」，王弼、吴澄、魏源作「不与」；魏源本作「善用人者之下」，校记谓一本无「敌」字、傅奕「与」作「争」、河上作「不与争」。并见校记。",
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