{ "meta": { "book": { "id": "laozi", "title": "老子", "titleSimp": "老子", "author": "老聃", "authorSimp": "老聃", "era": "春秋", "eraSimp": "春秋", "editor": "河上公、王弼等", "editorSimp": "河上公、王弼等", "edition": "王弼《老子注》", "editionSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "slug": "laozi", "baseLabel": "王弼《老子注》", "baseLabelSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "separationLabel": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英義疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、嚴遵指歸、李榮注、陸希聲傳、呂惠卿傳、蘇轍老子解、吳澄道德真經注、憨山道德經解、魏源老子本義、俞樾平議、王夫之老子衍十四家", "separationLabelSimp": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英义疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、严遵指归、李荣注、陆希声传、吕惠卿传、苏辙老子解、吴澄道德真经注、憨山道德经解、魏源老子本义、俞樾平议、王夫之老子衍十四家", "intro": "《老子》八十一章，分道經、德經。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》為底本，逐章整理正文、舊注、今譯與校記；第一至八十一章已上線，全帙完竣。", "introSimp": "《老子》八十一章，分道经、德经。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》为底本，逐章整理正文、旧注、今译与校记；第一至八十一章已上线，全帙完竣。" }, "chapter": { "id": "laozi-69", "no": 69, "part": "德經", "partSimp": "德经", "title": "第六十九章", "titleSimp": "第六十九章", "intro": "《老子》第六十九章，河上公題「玄用第六十九」；成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮、嚴遵、呂惠卿、蘇轍並題「用兵有言章第六十九」，王弼本無章題，陸希聲《道藏》本此章亦無章題；吳澄合此章與前二章為其第五十七章；魏源合第六十七至六十九章為其第五十八章。王弼道藏本正文四句：用兵有言，吾不敢為主而為客，不敢進寸而退尺；是謂行無行，攘無臂，扔無敵，執無兵；禍莫大於輕敵，輕敵幾喪吾寶；故抗兵相加，哀者勝矣。全章假古兵家之言以明慈之用：不敢為主而為客，不敢進寸而退尺，是退讓而不先；行無行、攘無臂、扔無敵、執無兵，是雖有行陣兵刃而若無；輕敵則近喪吾慈寶；兩軍相當，懷哀慈之心者勝。河上公逐句為注十二條，以主先客後、承天後動、侵人為進、閉門為退釋主客進退，以彼遂不止為天下賊、雖行誅之不行執釋行無行，以不怒、不仍、不持兵刃、傷民罹罪釋三無，以欺輕敵家、輕戰貪財、寶身近喪釋輕敵，以兩敵相戰、哀者慈仁士卒不近於死釋抗兵哀勝。王弼注四條，以「言以謙退哀慈，不敢為物先用」釋主客進退，以「行謂行陳」「言無有與之抗」釋四無，以「非欲以取强無敵於天下，不得已而卒至於無敵，斯乃吾之所以為大禍」釋輕敵喪寶，以「抗，舉也；加，當也；哀者必相惜而不趣利避害」釋哀者勝。成玄英標章義，分全章為四別：接物運權示根塵總幻、重辯前義以顯真空、舍慈之人輕敵失道、涉境運智無出大慈；其疏以根塵兩空、物我俱幻釋主客，以境智雙遣、有無兩忘釋進退，以遣蕩有無、洞忘境觀、隳肢體、物境空幻、離形去智分釋四無，以輕凌前境、染塵致報、盡喪三寶釋輕敵，以能所兩空、物我清净、諸法皆成勝妙釋哀勝。唐玄宗御注以主有動作則生事而貪、客無營為則用慈自守釋主客，以進雖少不能無事、退雖多不失謙讓釋進退，以不與物爭、不爭為德、以慈為主釋四無，以輕敵則殆喪慈寶釋輕敵，以慈哀於人者勝釋哀勝。御疏更以先唱後應、以道退守、行師止敵貴乎不爭、攘臂表怒、引敵欲爭、執兵表殺、輕侮前敵、矜哀不求多殺申之。李榮以先舉先動驕盈必危、和而不唱後而不先釋主客，以積德内守釋退尺，以兵由彼起、無心而動、不假臂以攘、引敵使歸、息兵刑期無刑分釋四無，以輕侮前敵國破人亡、得寶失寶釋輕敵，以慈能制物釋哀勝，末復以内明煩惱、智慧方便為說。嚴遵四則，以幸彼還、恐人財殫力屈釋退尺，以示不傷人、先服者賞後服者傷釋攘無臂，以輕敵自專、喪自然之寶釋輕敵，以人主腹心、兵者威神、哀慈於人動得天助釋哀勝。陸希聲以起戎為謀、應敵是務、進近於殺、退近於生、慈愛為本、多殺為禍、愛民哀死致勝通釋全章。呂惠卿以道動常出於迫而能以不爭勝，主逆客順、主勞客逸、進驕退卑、進躁退靜，知主不知客、知進不知退是謂輕敵，惟以不爭為勝者莫能勝之。蘇轍以主造事、客應敵、進有意於爭、退無意於爭，無意於爭則雖用兵與不用均，聖人以慈為寶、輕敵則輕戰輕殺人而喪慈，兩敵相加出於不得已則有哀心、天人助之。吳澄以此章申言慈之寶，主肇兵端、客不得已應敵，進寸難進、退尺易退，不為首兵但為應兵，不行不攘不執不仍則雖有行臂兵敵如無，一有輕敵之心即已有殺人喪寶之漸，慈者之勝不慈非戰而敗之不戰而屈之。憨山謂此重明前章不爭之德，以釋上三寶以慈為本之意，兵主必爭必殺、客則無好殺之心，進難退易、身進而心不進，戒懼不敢輕敵、輕敵多殺則傷慈，天道好生助慈者勝，舊解多在用兵上說全不得老子主意。魏源合三章為一，謂此章明德之用、以兵明慈之為用，慈則必儉、必不敢為先，即兵家以退為進以弱為強之道，非為談兵而設；其本義從王弼及傅奕作「禍莫大於無敵，無敵幾亡吾寶」，謂兵至無敵於天下則殺人必多、乃禍莫大焉，並謂諸本作「輕敵」者直孫吳制勝之術，不足語太上慈哀之教；校記出「扔」一作「仍」、「執無兵」「扔無敵」二句互易、「相加」傅奕作「相若」諸異文。嚴遵此章《玄德纂疏》卷十八存「嚴曰」四則；王夫之《老子衍》公開轉錄本止於第六十六章，此章全闕；俞樾《諸子平議》此章未列。本站以王弼《老子注》道藏本為底本，分列河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英義疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、嚴遵指歸輯文、李榮注、陸希聲傳、呂惠卿傳、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》，並附編者今譯。", "introSimp": "《老子》第六十九章，河上公题「玄用第六十九」；成玄英、唐玄宗、李荣、严遵、吕惠卿、苏辙并题「用兵有言章第六十九」，王弼本无章题，陆希声《道藏》本此章亦无章题；吴澄合此章与前二章为其第五十七章；魏源合第六十七至六十九章为其第五十八章。王弼道藏本正文四句：用兵有言，吾不敢为主而为客，不敢进寸而退尺；是谓行无行，攘无臂，扔无敌，执无兵；祸莫大于轻敌，轻敌几丧吾宝；故抗兵相加，哀者胜矣。全章假古兵家之言以明慈之用：不敢为主而为客，不敢进寸而退尺，是退让而不先；行无行、攘无臂、扔无敌、执无兵，是虽有行阵兵刃而若无；轻敌则近丧吾慈宝；两军相当，怀哀慈之心者胜。河上公逐句为注十二条，以主先客后、承天后动、侵人为进、闭门为退释主客进退，以彼遂不止为天下贼、虽行诛之不行执释行无行，以不怒、不仍、不持兵刃、伤民罹罪释三无，以欺轻敌家、轻战贪财、宝身近丧释轻敌，以两敌相战、哀者慈仁士卒不近于死释抗兵哀胜。王弼注四条，以「言以谦退哀慈，不敢为物先用」释主客进退，以「行谓行陈」「言无有与之抗」释四无，以「非欲以取强无敌于天下，不得已而卒至于无敌，斯乃吾之所以为大祸」释轻敌丧宝，以「抗，举也；加，当也；哀者必相惜而不趣利避害」释哀者胜。成玄英标章义，分全章为四别：接物运权示根尘总幻、重辩前义以显真空、舍慈之人轻敌失道、涉境运智无出大慈；其疏以根尘两空、物我俱幻释主客，以境智双遣、有无两忘释进退，以遣荡有无、洞忘境观、隳肢体、物境空幻、离形去智分释四无，以轻凌前境、染尘致报、尽丧三宝释轻敌，以能所两空、物我清净、诸法皆成胜妙释哀胜。唐玄宗御注以主有动作则生事而贪、客无营为则用慈自守释主客，以进虽少不能无事、退虽多不失谦让释进退，以不与物争、不争为德、以慈为主释四无，以轻敌则殆丧慈宝释轻敌，以慈哀于人者胜释哀胜。御疏更以先唱后应、以道退守、行师止敌贵乎不争、攘臂表怒、引敌欲争、执兵表杀、轻侮前敌、矜哀不求多杀申之。李荣以先举先动骄盈必危、和而不唱后而不先释主客，以积德内守释退尺，以兵由彼起、无心而动、不假臂以攘、引敌使归、息兵刑期无刑分释四无，以轻侮前敌国破人亡、得宝失宝释轻敌，以慈能制物释哀胜，末复以内明烦恼、智慧方便为说。严遵四则，以幸彼还、恐人财殚力屈释退尺，以示不伤人、先服者赏后服者伤释攘无臂，以轻敌自专、丧自然之宝释轻敌，以人主腹心、兵者威神、哀慈于人动得天助释哀胜。陆希声以起戎为谋、应敌是务、进近于杀、退近于生、慈爱为本、多杀为祸、爱民哀死致胜通释全章。吕惠卿以道动常出于迫而能以不争胜，主逆客顺、主劳客逸、进骄退卑、进躁退静，知主不知客、知进不知退是谓轻敌，惟以不争为胜者莫能胜之。苏辙以主造事、客应敌、进有意于争、退无意于争，无意于争则虽用兵与不用均，圣人以慈为宝、轻敌则轻战轻杀人而丧慈，两敌相加出于不得已则有哀心、天人助之。吴澄以此章申言慈之宝，主肇兵端、客不得已应敌，进寸难进、退尺易退，不为首兵但为应兵，不行不攘不执不仍则虽有行臂兵敌如无，一有轻敌之心即已有杀人丧宝之渐，慈者之胜不慈非战而败之不战而屈之。憨山谓此重明前章不争之德，以释上三宝以慈为本之意，兵主必争必杀、客则无好杀之心，进难退易、身进而心不进，戒惧不敢轻敌、轻敌多杀则伤慈，天道好生助慈者胜，旧解多在用兵上说全不得老子主意。魏源合三章为一，谓此章明德之用、以兵明慈之为用，慈则必俭、必不敢为先，即兵家以退为进以弱为强之道，非为谈兵而设；其本义从王弼及傅奕作「祸莫大于无敌，无敌几亡吾宝」，谓兵至无敌于天下则杀人必多、乃祸莫大焉，并谓诸本作「轻敌」者直孙吴制胜之术，不足语太上慈哀之教；校记出「扔」一作「仍」、「执无兵」「扔无敌」二句互易、「相加」傅奕作「相若」诸异文。严遵此章《玄德纂疏》卷十八存「严曰」四则；王夫之《老子衍》公开转录本止于第六十六章，此章全阙；俞樾《诸子平议》此章未列。本站以王弼《老子注》道藏本为底本，分列河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英义疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、严遵指归辑文、李荣注、陆希声传、吕惠卿传、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》，并附编者今译。", "guide": "點擊任一句可展開句注；點擊字詞可看本句訓釋；按「諸家並觀」可將同一句的舊注並列對讀，本章十二家舊注。河上公逐句為注十二條；王弼注四條；成玄英章義二則、疏九條；唐玄宗御注七條、御疏九條；嚴遵輯文四條；李榮十條；陸希聲傳一段；呂惠卿傳一段；蘇轍六條；吳澄三條；憨山解一段（本站分二條）；魏源本義一段、校記一條。王夫之《老子衍》此章全闕；俞樾此章未列。河上公題「玄用第六十九」；成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮、嚴遵、呂惠卿、蘇轍題「用兵有言章第六十九」；吳澄合此章入其第五十七章；魏源合第六十七至六十九章為其第五十八章。諸本異文：河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮、蘇轍、憨山作「仍無敵」；王弼作「扔無敵」；陸希聲、吳澄、魏源作「執無兵，仍（扔）無敵」；魏源從王弼及傅奕作「禍莫大於無敵，無敵幾亡吾寶」，諸本多作「輕敵幾喪吾寶」；傅奕「抗兵相若」；王弼道藏本「是謂行無行」下有「彼逐不止」四字，疑注文闌入。正文從王弼道藏本，異文見校記。", "guideSimp": "点击任一句可展开句注；点击字词可看本句训释；按「诸家并观」可将同一句的旧注并列对读，本章十二家旧注。河上公逐句为注十二条；王弼注四条；成玄英章义二则、疏九条；唐玄宗御注七条、御疏九条；严遵辑文四条；李荣十条；陆希声传一段；吕惠卿传一段；苏辙六条；吴澄三条；憨山解一段（本站分二条）；魏源本义一段、校记一条。王夫之《老子衍》此章全阙；俞樾此章未列。河上公题「玄用第六十九」；成玄英、唐玄宗、李荣、严遵、吕惠卿、苏辙题「用兵有言章第六十九」；吴澄合此章入其第五十七章；魏源合第六十七至六十九章为其第五十八章。诸本异文：河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李荣、苏辙、憨山作「仍无敌」；王弼作「扔无敌」；陆希声、吴澄、魏源作「执无兵，仍（扔）无敌」；魏源从王弼及傅奕作「祸莫大于无敌，无敌几亡吾宝」，诸本多作「轻敌几丧吾宝」；傅奕「抗兵相若」；王弼道藏本「是谓行无行」下有「彼逐不止」四字，疑注文阑入。正文从王弼道藏本，异文见校记。", "slug": "69", "order": 69, "status": "published", "revision": "初校", "review": "待复核", "updated": "2026-10-30", "summary": "第六十九章〈玄用章〉四句：用兵有言：吾不敢為主而為客，不敢進寸而退尺；是謂行無行，攘無臂，扔無敵，執無兵；禍莫大於輕敵，輕敵幾喪吾寶；故抗兵相加，哀者勝矣。王夫之《老子衍》公開轉錄本此章全闕；俞樾《諸子平議》此章未列，故不列。全章借兵家之言明慈讓不爭之德：不敢先舉兵而為應敵之客，不敢進一寸而寧退一尺；行陣而似無陣可行，奮臂而似無臂可攘，引敵而似無敵可就，持兵而似無兵可執；禍莫大於輕敵，輕敵則近喪所寶；兩軍相當，懷慈哀者終勝。河上公題「玄用第六十九」，逐句為注十二條，以主先客後、承天後動釋主客，以侵人境界為進、閉門守城為退釋進退，以彼遂不止為天下賊、雖行誅之不行執釋行無行，以不怒、不仍、不持兵刃分釋三無，以欺輕敵家、輕戰貪財釋輕敵，以兩敵相戰、哀者慈仁士卒不近於死釋哀勝。王弼注四條，以「言以謙退哀慈，不敢為物先用」釋主客進退，以「行謂行陳」「言無有與之抗」釋四無，以「非欲以取强無敵於天下，不得已而卒至於無敵，斯乃吾之所以為大禍」釋輕敵喪寶，以「抗，舉也；加，當也；哀者必相惜而不趣利避害」釋哀者勝；注文就「無敵」立說，與道藏本經文「輕敵」不合，詳校記。成玄英章義二則、疏九條，章義分全章為四別：接物運權示根塵總幻、重辯前義以顯真空、舍慈之人輕敵失道、涉境運智無出大慈；疏以根塵兩空、物我俱幻釋主客，以境智雙遣、有無兩忘釋進退，以遣蕩有無、洞忘境觀、隳肢體、物境空幻、離形去智分釋四無，以輕凌前境、染塵致報、盡喪三寶釋輕敵，以能所兩空、物我清净、諸法皆成勝妙釋哀勝。唐玄宗御注七條、御疏九條，御注以生事而貪、用慈自守、進少不能無事、退多不失謙讓釋主客進退，以不與物爭、不爭為德、以慈為主釋四無，以輕敵則殆喪慈寶釋輕敵，以慈哀於人者勝釋哀勝；御疏以先唱後應、以道退守、行師止敵貴乎不爭、攘臂表怒、引敵欲爭、執兵表殺、輕侮前敵、矜哀不求多殺申之。嚴遵輯文四條，以幸彼還、恐人財殫力屈釋退尺，以示不傷人、先服者賞後服者傷、若無臂而憑怒釋攘無臂，以輕敵自專、喪自然之寶釋輕敵，以哀慈於人、動得天助釋哀勝。李榮十條，以先舉先動驕盈必危、和而不唱後而不先釋主客，以積德内守釋退尺，以兵由彼起、無心而動、不假臂以攘、引敵使歸、息兵刑期無刑分釋四無，以輕侮前敵國破人亡釋輕敵，以慈能制物釋哀勝，末以内明煩惱、智慧方便為說。陸希聲傳一段，以起戎為謀、應敵是務釋主客，以進近於殺、退近於生釋進退，以若無行可列、無臂可奮、無兵、無敵釋四無，以慈愛為本、多殺為禍、幾亡吾寶、愛民哀死致勝通釋全章。呂惠卿傳一段，以道動常出於迫而能以不爭勝立說，謂主逆客順、主勞客逸、進驕退卑、進躁退靜，以順待逆、以逸待勞、以卑待驕、以靜待躁皆非所敵；知主不知客、知進不知退是謂輕敵；惟以不爭為勝者莫能勝之。蘇轍六條，以主造事、客應敵釋主客，以進有意於爭、退無意於爭釋進退，以無意於爭則雖用兵與不用均釋行無行，以無臂可攘、無敵可因、無兵可執釋三無，以聖人以慈為寶、輕敵則輕戰輕殺人而喪慈釋輕敵，以不得已而有哀心、天人助之釋哀勝；經文作「輕敵者幾喪吾寶」。吳澄注三段，合前二章為其第五十七章，謂申言慈之寶：主肇兵端、客不得已應敵，進寸難進、退尺易退，不為首兵但為應兵，不行不攘不執不仍則雖有行臂兵敵如無；一有輕敵之心即已有殺人喪寶之漸；慈者之勝不慈，非戰而敗之，不戰而屈之。憨山解一段（本站分二條），謂此重明前章不爭之德，以釋上三寶以慈為本之意；兵主必爭必殺、客無好殺之心，進難退易、身進而心不進，戒懼不敢輕敵，輕敵多殺則傷慈，天道好生助慈者勝；舊解多在用兵上說，全不得老子主意。魏源合第六十七至六十九章為其第五十八章，本義謂此章明德之用，以兵明慈之為用，慈則必儉、必不敢為先，即兵家以退為進、以弱為強之道，非為談兵而設；從王弼及傅奕作「禍莫大於無敵，無敵幾亡吾寶」，謂兵至無敵於天下則殺人必多、乃禍莫大焉，諸本作「輕敵」者直孫吳制勝之術；校記出「扔」一作「仍」、二句互易、「相加」傅奕作「相若」諸異文。河上公題「玄用第六十九」；成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮、嚴遵、呂惠卿、蘇轍題「用兵有言章第六十九」；陸希聲本無章題；吳澄合此章與前二章為其第五十七章，魏源合第六十七至六十九章為其第五十八章。河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮、蘇轍、憨山作「仍無敵」，王弼作「扔無敵」，陸希聲、吳澄、魏源作「執無兵，仍（扔）無敵」；魏源從王弼及傅奕作「無敵幾亡吾寶」，諸本多作「輕敵幾喪吾寶」，王弼注文亦就「無敵」為說；傅奕「抗兵相若」；王弼道藏本「是謂行無行」下夾「彼逐不止」四字，疑注文闌入，今刪。並見校記。", "summarySimp": "第六十九章〈玄用章〉四句：用兵有言：吾不敢为主而为客，不敢进寸而退尺；是谓行无行，攘无臂，扔无敌，执无兵；祸莫大于轻敌，轻敌几丧吾宝；故抗兵相加，哀者胜矣。王夫之《老子衍》公开转录本此章全阙；俞樾《诸子平议》此章未列，故不列。全章借兵家之言明慈让不争之德：不敢先举兵而为应敌之客，不敢进一寸而宁退一尺；行阵而似无阵可行，奋臂而似无臂可攘，引敌而似无敌可就，持兵而似无兵可执；祸莫大于轻敌，轻敌则近丧所宝；两军相当，怀慈哀者终胜。河上公题「玄用第六十九」，逐句为注十二条，以主先客后、承天后动释主客，以侵人境界为进、闭门守城为退释进退，以彼遂不止为天下贼、虽行诛之不行执释行无行，以不怒、不仍、不持兵刃分释三无，以欺轻敌家、轻战贪财释轻敌，以两敌相战、哀者慈仁士卒不近于死释哀胜。王弼注四条，以「言以谦退哀慈，不敢为物先用」释主客进退，以「行谓行陈」「言无有与之抗」释四无，以「非欲以取强无敌于天下，不得已而卒至于无敌，斯乃吾之所以为大祸」释轻敌丧宝，以「抗，举也；加，当也；哀者必相惜而不趣利避害」释哀者胜；注文就「无敌」立说，与道藏本经文「轻敌」不合，详校记。成玄英章义二则、疏九条，章义分全章为四别：接物运权示根尘总幻、重辩前义以显真空、舍慈之人轻敌失道、涉境运智无出大慈；疏以根尘两空、物我俱幻释主客，以境智双遣、有无两忘释进退，以遣荡有无、洞忘境观、隳肢体、物境空幻、离形去智分释四无，以轻凌前境、染尘致报、尽丧三宝释轻敌，以能所两空、物我清净、诸法皆成胜妙释哀胜。唐玄宗御注七条、御疏九条，御注以生事而贪、用慈自守、进少不能无事、退多不失谦让释主客进退，以不与物争、不争为德、以慈为主释四无，以轻敌则殆丧慈宝释轻敌，以慈哀于人者胜释哀胜；御疏以先唱后应、以道退守、行师止敌贵乎不争、攘臂表怒、引敌欲争、执兵表杀、轻侮前敌、矜哀不求多杀申之。严遵辑文四条，以幸彼还、恐人财殚力屈释退尺，以示不伤人、先服者赏后服者伤、若无臂而凭怒释攘无臂，以轻敌自专、丧自然之宝释轻敌，以哀慈于人、动得天助释哀胜。李荣十条，以先举先动骄盈必危、和而不唱后而不先释主客，以积德内守释退尺，以兵由彼起、无心而动、不假臂以攘、引敌使归、息兵刑期无刑分释四无，以轻侮前敌国破人亡释轻敌，以慈能制物释哀胜，末以内明烦恼、智慧方便为说。陆希声传一段，以起戎为谋、应敌是务释主客，以进近于杀、退近于生释进退，以若无行可列、无臂可奋、无兵、无敌释四无，以慈爱为本、多杀为祸、几亡吾宝、爱民哀死致胜通释全章。吕惠卿传一段，以道动常出于迫而能以不争胜立说，谓主逆客顺、主劳客逸、进骄退卑、进躁退静，以顺待逆、以逸待劳、以卑待骄、以静待躁皆非所敌；知主不知客、知进不知退是谓轻敌；惟以不争为胜者莫能胜之。苏辙六条，以主造事、客应敌释主客，以进有意于争、退无意于争释进退，以无意于争则虽用兵与不用均释行无行，以无臂可攘、无敌可因、无兵可执释三无，以圣人以慈为宝、轻敌则轻战轻杀人而丧慈释轻敌，以不得已而有哀心、天人助之释哀胜；经文作「轻敌者几丧吾宝」。吴澄注三段，合前二章为其第五十七章，谓申言慈之宝：主肇兵端、客不得已应敌，进寸难进、退尺易退，不为首兵但为应兵，不行不攘不执不仍则虽有行臂兵敌如无；一有轻敌之心即已有杀人丧宝之渐；慈者之胜不慈，非战而败之，不战而屈之。憨山解一段（本站分二条），谓此重明前章不争之德，以释上三宝以慈为本之意；兵主必争必杀、客无好杀之心，进难退易、身进而心不进，戒惧不敢轻敌，轻敌多杀则伤慈，天道好生助慈者胜；旧解多在用兵上说，全不得老子主意。魏源合第六十七至六十九章为其第五十八章，本义谓此章明德之用，以兵明慈之为用，慈则必俭、必不敢为先，即兵家以退为进、以弱为强之道，非为谈兵而设；从王弼及傅奕作「祸莫大于无敌，无敌几亡吾宝」，谓兵至无敌于天下则杀人必多、乃祸莫大焉，诸本作「轻敌」者直孙吴制胜之术；校记出「扔」一作「仍」、二句互易、「相加」傅奕作「相若」诸异文。河上公题「玄用第六十九」；成玄英、唐玄宗、李荣、严遵、吕惠卿、苏辙题「用兵有言章第六十九」；陆希声本无章题；吴澄合此章与前二章为其第五十七章，魏源合第六十七至六十九章为其第五十八章。河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李荣、苏辙、憨山作「仍无敌」，王弼作「扔无敌」，陆希声、吴澄、魏源作「执无兵，仍（扔）无敌」；魏源从王弼及傅奕作「无敌几亡吾宝」，诸本多作「轻敌几丧吾宝」，王弼注文亦就「无敌」为说；傅奕「抗兵相若」；王弼道藏本「是谓行无行」下夹「彼逐不止」四字，疑注文阑入，今删。并见校记。", "dataFile": "data/chapters/laozi-69.json", "relationsFile": "data/commentary-relations-laozi-69.json", "url": "/laozi/69/", "volumeId": "dejing", "volumeTitle": "德經", "volumeTitleSimp": "德经", "orderLabel": "第六十九" }, "edition": { "base": "王弼《老子注》", "baseEdition": "王弼《老子注》道藏本（德經卷四）", "separation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、嚴遵《道德真經指歸》、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》諸本對校；河上公此章據四部叢刊本；王弼此章據道藏本；成玄英、唐玄宗御注御疏、嚴遵、李榮此章據《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引；陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄據《道藏》本卷四；王夫之《老子衍》公開轉錄本止於第六十六章，此章全闕；俞樾《諸子平議》此章未列", "punctuation": "數字轉錄所附現代標點，本站僅作閱讀輔助，尚未逐字復核原刻", "digital": "中華典藏網、識典古籍、大道家園公開轉錄、Kanripo 漢籍全文資料庫（僅作文字底本）", "caution": "王弼道藏本正文作「用兵有言。吾不敢為主而為客。不敢進寸而退尺。是謂行無行。攘無臂。扔無敵。執無兵。禍莫大於輕敵。輕敵幾喪吾寶。故抗兵相加。哀者勝矣」，本站分四句。道藏本「是謂行無行」下夾有「彼逐不止」四字，疑注文闌入，今刪。河上公題「玄用第六十九」，經文作「仍無敵」；成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮、嚴遵、呂惠卿、蘇轍題「用兵有言章第六十九」；吳澄合此章與前二章為其第五十七章；魏源合第六十七至六十九章為其第五十八章。諸本異文：王弼作「扔無敵」；河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮、蘇轍、憨山作「仍無敵」；陸希聲、吳澄、魏源作「執無兵，仍（扔）無敵」；魏源從王弼及傅奕作「禍莫大於無敵，無敵幾亡吾寶」，諸本多作「輕敵幾喪吾寶」，王弼注文亦就「無敵」為說；傅奕「抗兵相若」，又上有「則」字。正文從王弼道藏本，異文見校記。", "baseSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "baseEditionSimp": "王弼《老子注》道藏本（德经卷四）", "separationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、严遵《道德真经指归》、李荣《道德真经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》诸本对校；河上公此章据四部丛刊本；王弼此章据道藏本；成玄英、唐玄宗御注御疏、严遵、李荣此章据《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引；陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄据《道藏》本卷四；王夫之《老子衍》公开转录本止于第六十六章，此章全阙；俞樾《诸子平议》此章未列", "punctuationSimp": "数字转录所附现代标点，本站仅作阅读辅助，尚未逐字复核原刻", "digitalSimp": "中华典藏网、识典古籍、大道家园公开转录、Kanripo 汉籍全文资料库（仅作文字底本）", "cautionSimp": "王弼道藏本正文作「用兵有言。吾不敢为主而为客。不敢进寸而退尺。是谓行无行。攘无臂。扔无敌。执无兵。祸莫大于轻敌。轻敌几丧吾宝。故抗兵相加。哀者胜矣」，本站分四句。道藏本「是谓行无行」下夹有「彼逐不止」四字，疑注文阑入，今删。河上公题「玄用第六十九」，经文作「仍无敌」；成玄英、唐玄宗、李荣、严遵、吕惠卿、苏辙题「用兵有言章第六十九」；吴澄合此章与前二章为其第五十七章；魏源合第六十七至六十九章为其第五十八章。诸本异文：王弼作「扔无敌」；河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李荣、苏辙、憨山作「仍无敌」；陆希声、吴澄、魏源作「执无兵，仍（扔）无敌」；魏源从王弼及傅奕作「祸莫大于无敌，无敌几亡吾宝」，诸本多作「轻敌几丧吾宝」，王弼注文亦就「无敌」为说；傅奕「抗兵相若」，又上有「则」字。正文从王弼道藏本，异文见校记。" }, "license": { "historical": "公有領域", "translation": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "code": "MIT" }, "stats": { "sentences": 4, "commentaries": 72, "charNotes": 12, "collations": 11 } }, "sources": [ { "id": "heshanggong", "name": "河上公章句", "short": "河上公", "author": "河上公", "work": "老子道德經章句", "era": "漢", "years": "傳漢文帝時", "color": "#a3542c", "desc": "分章句解，兼重治身與治國；此章題「玄用第六十九」，逐句為注十二條：以主先客後、承天後動釋主客；以侵人境界為進、閉門守城為退釋進退；以彼遂不止為天下賊、雖行誅之不行執釋行無行；以不怒、不仍、不持兵刃、傷民罹罪分釋三無；以欺輕敵家、輕戰貪財、寶身近喪釋輕敵；以兩敵相戰、哀者慈仁士卒不近於死釋哀勝。此章據四部叢刊本，經文作「仍無敵」；注十二條。", "count": 12, "nameSimp": "河上公章句", "workSimp": "老子道德经章句", "authorSimp": "河上公", "eraSimp": "汉", "yearsSimp": "传汉文帝时", "descSimp": "分章句解，兼重治身与治国；此章题「玄用第六十九」，逐句为注十二条：以主先客后、承天后动释主客；以侵人境界为进、闭门守城为退释进退；以彼遂不止为天下贼、虽行诛之不行执释行无行；以不怒、不仍、不持兵刃、伤民罹罪分释三无；以欺轻敌家、轻战贪财、宝身近丧释轻敌；以两敌相战、哀者慈仁士卒不近于死释哀胜。此章据四部丛刊本，经文作「仍无敌」；注十二条。", "shortSimp": "河上公" }, { "id": "wangbi", "name": "王弼老子注", "short": "王弼", "author": "王弼", "work": "老子道德經注", "era": "魏", "years": "226–249", "color": "#4a5a7a", "desc": "以無為本、以崇本息末為宗；此章注四條，以「言以謙退哀慈，不敢為物先用」釋主客進退；以「行謂行陳」「言無有與之抗」釋四無；以「非欲以取强無敵於天下，不得已而卒至於無敵，斯乃吾之所以為大禍」釋輕敵喪寶；以「抗，舉也；加，當也；哀者必相惜而不趣利避害」釋哀者勝。注文就「無敵」立說，與道藏本經文「輕敵」不合，詳校記。此章據道藏本；注四條。", "count": 4, "nameSimp": "王弼老子注", "workSimp": "老子道德经注", "authorSimp": "王弼", "eraSimp": "魏", "yearsSimp": "226–249", "descSimp": "以无为本、以崇本息末为宗；此章注四条，以「言以谦退哀慈，不敢为物先用」释主客进退；以「行谓行陈」「言无有与之抗」释四无；以「非欲以取强无敌于天下，不得已而卒至于无敌，斯乃吾之所以为大祸」释轻敌丧宝；以「抗，举也；加，当也；哀者必相惜而不趣利避害」释哀者胜。注文就「无敌」立说，与道藏本经文「轻敌」不合，详校记。此章据道藏本；注四条。", "shortSimp": "王弼" }, { "id": "chengxuanying", "name": "成玄英疏", "short": "成疏", "author": "成玄英", "work": "老子道德經義疏", "era": "唐", "years": "約 608–669", "color": "#6b7a4a", "desc": "以重玄雙遣為宗；此章《玄德纂疏》卷十八存章義與疏，章義分全章為四別：接物運權示根塵總幻、重辯前義以顯真空、舍慈之人輕敵失道、涉境運智無出大慈；疏以根塵兩空、物我俱幻釋主客，以境智雙遣、有無兩忘釋進退，以遣蕩有無、洞忘境觀、隳肢體、物境空幻、離形去智分釋四無，以輕凌前境、染塵致報、盡喪三寶釋輕敵，以能所兩空、物我清净、諸法皆成勝妙釋哀勝。章義二則、疏九條。", "count": 11, "nameSimp": "成玄英疏", "workSimp": "老子道德经义疏", "authorSimp": "成玄英", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "约 608–669", "descSimp": "以重玄双遣为宗；此章《玄德纂疏》卷十八存章义与疏，章义分全章为四别：接物运权示根尘总幻、重辩前义以显真空、舍慈之人轻敌失道、涉境运智无出大慈；疏以根尘两空、物我俱幻释主客，以境智双遣、有无两忘释进退，以遣荡有无、洞忘境观、隳肢体、物境空幻、离形去智分释四无，以轻凌前境、染尘致报、尽丧三宝释轻敌，以能所两空、物我清净、诸法皆成胜妙释哀胜。章义二则、疏九条。", "shortSimp": "成疏" }, { "id": "tangxuanzong", "name": "唐玄宗御注御疏", "short": "御注", "author": "唐玄宗", "work": "道德真經注疏", "era": "唐", "years": "685–762", "color": "#9a4b3f", "desc": "御注簡質、御疏詳申，以理國修身並重；此章御注七條、御疏九條，分列。御注以生事而貪、用慈自守、進少不能無事、退多不失謙讓釋主客進退；以不與物爭、不爭為德、以慈為主釋四無；以輕敵則殆喪慈寶釋輕敵；以慈哀於人者勝釋哀勝。御疏以先唱後應、以道退守、行師止敵貴乎不爭、攘臂表怒、引敵欲爭、執兵表殺、輕侮前敵、矜哀不求多殺申之。此章據《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引。", "count": 16, "nameSimp": "唐玄宗御注御疏", "workSimp": "道德真经注疏", "authorSimp": "唐玄宗", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "685–762", "descSimp": "御注简质、御疏详申，以理国修身并重；此章御注七条、御疏九条，分列。御注以生事而贪、用慈自守、进少不能无事、退多不失谦让释主客进退；以不与物争、不争为德、以慈为主释四无；以轻敌则殆丧慈宝释轻敌；以慈哀于人者胜释哀胜。御疏以先唱后应、以道退守、行师止敌贵乎不争、攘臂表怒、引敌欲争、执兵表杀、轻侮前敌、矜哀不求多杀申之。此章据《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引。", "shortSimp": "御注" }, { "id": "yanzun", "name": "嚴遵指歸", "short": "嚴指歸", "author": "嚴遵", "work": "道德真經指歸", "era": "漢", "years": "約前 83–10", "color": "#7a5c3e", "desc": "以自然無為、道德性命為宗；此章《玄德纂疏》卷十八存「嚴曰」四則：以幸彼還、恐人財殫力屈釋退尺；以示不傷人、先服者賞後服者傷、若無臂而憑怒釋攘無臂；以輕敵自專、喪自然之寶釋輕敵；以人主腹心、兵者威神、哀慈於人動得天助釋哀勝。輯文四條。", "count": 4, "nameSimp": "严遵指归", "workSimp": "道德真经指归", "authorSimp": "严遵", "eraSimp": "汉", "yearsSimp": "约前 83–10", "descSimp": "以自然无为、道德性命为宗；此章《玄德纂疏》卷十八存「严曰」四则：以幸彼还、恐人财殚力屈释退尺；以示不伤人、先服者赏后服者伤、若无臂而凭怒释攘无臂；以轻敌自专、丧自然之宝释轻敌；以人主腹心、兵者威神、哀慈于人动得天助释哀胜。辑文四条。", "shortSimp": "严指归" }, { "id": "lirong", "name": "李榮注", "short": "李榮", "author": "李榮", "work": "道德真經注", "era": "唐", "years": "約 600–680", "color": "#5f6f8a", "desc": "以道本德用、修身治國並說為宗；此章十注，以先舉先動驕盈必危、和而不唱後而不先釋主客；以積德内守釋退尺；以兵由彼起、無心而動、不假臂以攘、引敵使歸、息兵刑期無刑分釋四無；以輕侮前敵國破人亡、得寶失寶釋輕敵；以慈能制物釋哀勝；末以内明煩惱、智慧方便為說。此章據《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引。", "count": 10, "nameSimp": "李荣注", "workSimp": "道德真经注", "authorSimp": "李荣", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "约 600–680", "descSimp": "以道本德用、修身治国并说为宗；此章十注，以先举先动骄盈必危、和而不唱后而不先释主客；以积德内守释退尺；以兵由彼起、无心而动、不假臂以攘、引敌使归、息兵刑期无刑分释四无；以轻侮前敌国破人亡、得宝失宝释轻敌；以慈能制物释哀胜；末以内明烦恼、智慧方便为说。此章据《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引。", "shortSimp": "李荣" }, { "id": "luxisheng", "name": "陸希聲傳", "short": "陸傳", "author": "陸希聲", "work": "道德經傳", "era": "唐", "years": "？–895", "color": "#8a6f3a", "desc": "以體用、本末說經，長於政教；此章傳一段，以起戎為謀、應敵是務釋主客，以進近於殺、退近於生釋進退，以若無行可列、無臂可奮、無兵、無敵釋四無，以慈愛為本、多殺為禍、幾亡吾寶、愛民哀死致勝通釋全章。傳一段。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "陆希声传", "workSimp": "道德经传", "authorSimp": "陆希声", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "？–895", "descSimp": "以体用、本末说经，长于政教；此章传一段，以起戎为谋、应敌是务释主客，以进近于杀、退近于生释进退，以若无行可列、无臂可奋、无兵、无敌释四无，以慈爱为本、多杀为祸、几亡吾宝、爱民哀死致胜通释全章。传一段。", "shortSimp": "陆传" }, { "id": "lvhuiqing", "name": "呂惠卿傳", "short": "呂傳", "author": "呂惠卿", "work": "道德真經傳", "era": "宋", "years": "1032–1111", "color": "#6a7d5a", "desc": "以道體無知、守母為本；此章傳一段，以道動常出於迫而能以不爭勝立說，謂主逆客順、主勞客逸、進驕退卑、進躁退靜，以順待逆、以逸待勞、以卑待驕、以靜待躁皆非所敵；知主不知客、知進不知退是謂輕敵；惟以不爭為勝者莫能勝之。傳一段。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "吕惠卿传", "workSimp": "道德真经传", "authorSimp": "吕惠卿", "eraSimp": "宋", "yearsSimp": "1032–1111", "descSimp": "以道体无知、守母为本；此章传一段，以道动常出于迫而能以不争胜立说，谓主逆客顺、主劳客逸、进骄退卑、进躁退静，以顺待逆、以逸待劳、以卑待骄、以静待躁皆非所敌；知主不知客、知进不知退是谓轻敌；惟以不争为胜者莫能胜之。传一段。", "shortSimp": "吕传" }, { "id": "suzhe", "name": "蘇轍老子解", "short": "蘇解", "author": "蘇轍", "work": "老子解", "era": "宋", "years": "1039–1112", "color": "#5d7080", "desc": "以體道無知、無所施設為宗；此章六條，以主造事、客應敵釋主客；以進有意於爭、退無意於爭釋進退；以無意於爭則雖用兵與不用均釋行無行；以無臂可攘、無敵可因、無兵可執釋三無；以聖人以慈為寶、輕敵則輕戰輕殺人而喪慈釋輕敵；以不得已而有哀心、天人助之釋哀勝。解六條。", "count": 6, "nameSimp": "苏辙老子解", "workSimp": "老子解", "authorSimp": "苏辙", "eraSimp": "宋", "yearsSimp": "1039–1112", "descSimp": "以体道无知、无所施设为宗；此章六条，以主造事、客应敌释主客；以进有意于争、退无意于争释进退；以无意于争则虽用兵与不用均释行无行；以无臂可攘、无敌可因、无兵可执释三无；以圣人以慈为宝、轻敌则轻战轻杀人而丧慈释轻敌；以不得已而有哀心、天人助之释哀胜。解六条。", "shortSimp": "苏解" }, { "id": "wucheng", "name": "吳澄道德真經注", "short": "吳注", "author": "吳澄", "work": "道德真經注", "era": "元", "years": "1249–1333", "color": "#7b5f7a", "desc": "以理氣、斂退說經，兼重字義訓詁；此章合前二章為其第五十七章，注三段，謂申言慈之寶：主肇兵端、客不得已應敵，進寸難進、退尺易退，不為首兵但為應兵，不行不攘不執不仍則雖有行臂兵敵如無；一有輕敵之心即已有殺人喪寶之漸；慈者之勝不慈，非戰而敗之，不戰而屈之。注三段。", "count": 3, "nameSimp": "吴澄道德真经注", "workSimp": "道德真经注", "authorSimp": "吴澄", "eraSimp": "元", "yearsSimp": "1249–1333", "descSimp": "以理气、敛退说经，兼重字义训诂；此章合前二章为其第五十七章，注三段，谓申言慈之宝：主肇兵端、客不得已应敌，进寸难进、退尺易退，不为首兵但为应兵，不行不攘不执不仍则虽有行臂兵敌如无；一有轻敌之心即已有杀人丧宝之渐；慈者之胜不慈，非战而败之，不战而屈之。注三段。", "shortSimp": "吴注" }, { "id": "hanshan", "name": "憨山道德經解", "short": "憨山", "author": "釋德清", "work": "道德經解", "era": "明", "years": "1546–1623", "color": "#8a5f4a", "desc": "以真修、復性為本，兼重教化；此章解一段，謂此重明前章不爭之德，以釋上三寶以慈為本之意；兵主必爭必殺、客無好殺之心，進難退易、身進而心不進，戒懼不敢輕敵，輕敵多殺則傷慈，天道好生助慈者勝；舊解多在用兵上說，全不得老子主意。解一段，本站分二條。", "count": 2, "nameSimp": "憨山道德经解", "workSimp": "道德经解", "authorSimp": "释德清", "eraSimp": "明", "yearsSimp": "1546–1623", "descSimp": "以真修、复性为本，兼重教化；此章解一段，谓此重明前章不争之德，以释上三宝以慈为本之意；兵主必争必杀、客无好杀之心，进难退易、身进而心不进，戒惧不敢轻敌，轻敌多杀则伤慈，天道好生助慈者胜；旧解多在用兵上说，全不得老子主意。解一段，本站分二条。", "shortSimp": "憨山" }, { "id": "weiyuan", "name": "魏源老子本義", "short": "魏源", "author": "魏源", "work": "老子本義", "era": "清", "years": "1794–1857", "color": "#5a6a5a", "desc": "以不盈務內為宗，博引諸家而斷以源案；此章合第六十七至六十九章為其第五十八章。本義謂此章明德之用，以兵明慈之為用，慈則必儉、必不敢為先，即兵家以退為進、以弱為強之道，非為談兵而設；從王弼及傅奕作「禍莫大於無敵，無敵幾亡吾寶」，謂兵至無敵於天下則殺人必多、乃禍莫大焉，諸本作「輕敵」者直孫吳制勝之術。校記出「扔」一作「仍」、二句互易、「相加」傅奕作「相若」諸異文。本義一段、校記一條。", "count": 2, "nameSimp": "魏源老子本义", "workSimp": "老子本义", "authorSimp": "魏源", "eraSimp": "清", "yearsSimp": "1794–1857", "descSimp": "以不盈务内为宗，博引诸家而断以源案；此章合第六十七至六十九章为其第五十八章。本义谓此章明德之用，以兵明慈之为用，慈则必俭、必不敢为先，即兵家以退为进、以弱为强之道，非为谈兵而设；从王弼及傅奕作「祸莫大于无敌，无敌几亡吾宝」，谓兵至无敌于天下则杀人必多、乃祸莫大焉，诸本作「轻敌」者直孙吴制胜之术。校记出「扔」一作「仍」、二句互易、「相加」傅奕作「相若」诸异文。本义一段、校记一条。", "shortSimp": "魏源" }, { "id": "translator", "name": "本站今譯", "short": "今譯", "author": "LibreBook 編者", "work": "今譯", "era": "當代", "years": "", "color": "#8a8a8a", "desc": "編者據舊注與上下文所作語體今譯，供閱讀參照。", "count": 4, "nameSimp": "本站今译", "workSimp": "今译", "authorSimp": "LibreBook 编者", "eraSimp": "当代", "yearsSimp": "", "descSimp": "编者据旧注与上下文所作语体今译，供阅读参照。", "shortSimp": "今译" } ], "sentences": [ { "id": "s001", "paragraph": 1, "text": "用兵有言：吾不敢為主而為客，不敢進寸而退尺。", "textSimp": "用兵有言：吾不敢为主而为客，不敢进寸而退尺。", "translation": "用兵的人有这样的话：我不敢做挑起战端的主方，而宁做应敌的客方；不敢前进一寸，而宁愿后退一尺。", "translationTrad": "用兵的人有這樣的話：我不敢做挑起戰端的主方，而寧做應敵的客方；不敢前進一寸，而寧願後退一尺。", "noteIds": [ "c001", "c002", "c003", "c004", "c013", "c017", "c018", "c019", "c020", "c021", "c028", "c029", "c035", "c036", "c037", "c044", "c048", "c049", "c050", "c058", "c059", "c060", "c061", "c066", "c069", "c071", "c072" ], "noteCount": 27, "charNoteIds": [ "n001", "n002", "n003", "n004" ], "key": "laozi-69:s001", "n": 1 }, { "id": "s002", "paragraph": 1, "text": "是謂行無行，攘無臂，扔無敵，執無兵。", "textSimp": "是谓行无行，攘无臂，扔无敌，执无兵。", "translation": "这就叫作列阵而行却像没有行列可行，奋臂欲战却像没有手臂可举，引敌相搏却像没有敌人可以引对，手持兵器却像没有兵器可以执持。", "translationTrad": "這就叫作列陣而行卻像沒有行列可行，奮臂欲戰卻像沒有手臂可舉，引敵相搏卻像沒有敵人可以引對，手持兵器卻像沒有兵器可以執持。", "noteIds": [ "c005", "c006", "c007", "c008", "c014", "c022", "c023", "c024", "c025", "c030", "c031", "c032", "c038", "c039", "c040", "c041", "c045", "c051", "c052", "c053", "c054", "c058", "c059", "c062", "c063", "c066", "c069", "c071", "c072" ], "noteCount": 29, "charNoteIds": [ "n005", "n006", "n007", "n008" ], "key": "laozi-69:s002", "n": 2 }, { "id": "s003", "paragraph": 1, "text": "禍莫大於輕敵，輕敵幾喪吾寶。", "textSimp": "祸莫大于轻敌，轻敌几丧吾宝。", "translation": "祸患没有比轻视敌人更大的了；轻视敌人，就几乎丧失我所珍视的宝（慈）。", "translationTrad": "禍患沒有比輕視敵人更大的了；輕視敵人，就幾乎喪失我所珍視的寶（慈）。", "noteIds": [ "c009", "c010", "c015", "c026", "c033", "c042", "c046", "c055", "c058", "c059", "c064", "c067", "c070", "c071", "c072" ], "noteCount": 15, "charNoteIds": [ "n009", "n010" ], "key": "laozi-69:s003", "n": 3 }, { "id": "s004", "paragraph": 1, "text": "故抗兵相加，哀者勝矣。", "textSimp": "故抗兵相加，哀者胜矣。", "translation": "所以两军举兵相向，怀着哀慈之心的一方必胜。", "translationTrad": "所以兩軍舉兵相向，懷著哀慈之心的一方必勝。", "noteIds": [ "c011", "c012", "c016", "c027", "c034", "c043", "c047", "c056", "c057", "c058", "c059", "c065", "c068", "c070", "c071", "c072" ], "noteCount": 16, "charNoteIds": [ "n011", "n012" ], "key": "laozi-69:s004", "n": 4 } ], "commentaries": [ { "id": "c001", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "用兵有言", "kind": "note", "text": "陳用兵之道，老子疾時用兵，故託己設其義也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本）", "textSimp": "陈用兵之道，老子疾时用兵，故托己设其义也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本）", "lemmaSimp": "用兵有言" }, { "id": "c002", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "吾不敢為主", "kind": "note", "text": "主，先也，不敢先舉兵也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本）", "textSimp": "主，先也，不敢先举兵也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本）", "lemmaSimp": "吾不敢为主" }, { "id": "c003", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "而為客", "kind": "note", "text": "客者和而不倡，用兵當承天而後動也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本）", "textSimp": "客者和而不倡，用兵当承天而后动也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本）", "lemmaSimp": "而为客" }, { "id": "c004", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "不敢進寸而退尺", "kind": "note", "text": "侵人境界、利人財寶為進，閉門守城為退。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本）", "textSimp": "侵人境界、利人财宝为进，闭门守城为退。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本）", "lemmaSimp": "不敢进寸而退尺" }, { "id": "c005", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "是謂行無行", "kind": "note", "text": "彼遂不止，為天下賊，雖行誅之，不行執也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本）", "textSimp": "彼遂不止，为天下贼，虽行诛之，不行执也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本）", "lemmaSimp": "是谓行无行" }, { "id": "c006", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "攘無臂", "kind": "note", "text": "雖欲大怒，若無臂可攘也。攘，若羊反。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本）", "textSimp": "虽欲大怒，若无臂可攘也。攘，若羊反。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本）", "lemmaSimp": "攘无臂" }, { "id": "c007", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "仍無敵", "kind": "note", "text": "雖欲仍引之心，若無敵可仍也。", "authorNote": "河上公經文作「仍無敵」，王弼本作「扔無敵」。", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本）", "textSimp": "虽欲仍引之心，若无敌可仍也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本）（河上公經文作「仍無敵」，王弼本作「扔無敵」。）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本）", "authorNoteSimp": "河上公经文作「仍无敌」，王弼本作「扔无敌」。", "lemmaSimp": "仍无敌" }, { "id": "c008", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "執無兵", "kind": "note", "text": "雖欲執持之，若無兵刃可持用也。何者？傷彼之民，罹罪於天，遭不道之君，愍忍喪之痛也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本）", "textSimp": "虽欲执持之，若无兵刃可持用也。何者？伤彼之民，罹罪于天，遭不道之君，愍忍丧之痛也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本）", "lemmaSimp": "执无兵" }, { "id": "c009", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "禍莫大於輕敵", "kind": "note", "text": "夫禍亂之害，莫大於欺輕敵家，侵取不休，輕戰貪財。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本）", "textSimp": "夫祸乱之害，莫大于欺轻敌家，侵取不休，轻战贪财。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本）", "lemmaSimp": "祸莫大于轻敌" }, { "id": "c010", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "輕敵幾喪吾寶", "kind": "note", "text": "幾，近也；寶，身也。欺輕敵者，近喪身也。幾音祈，音機。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本）", "textSimp": "几，近也；宝，身也。欺轻敌者，近丧身也。几音祈，音机。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本）", "lemmaSimp": "轻敌几丧吾宝" }, { "id": "c011", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "故抗兵相加", "kind": "note", "text": "兩敵相戰也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本）", "textSimp": "两敌相战也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本）", "lemmaSimp": "故抗兵相加" }, { "id": "c012", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "哀者勝矣", "kind": "note", "text": "哀者慈仁，士卒不遠於死。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本）", "textSimp": "哀者慈仁，士卒不远于死。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本）", "lemmaSimp": "哀者胜矣" }, { "id": "c013", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "吾不敢為主而為客……退尺", "kind": "note", "text": "言以謙退哀慈，不敢為物先用。", "authorNote": "王弼本此章經注相連，今析存注文；道藏本此句與下句注相接。", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》（道藏本）", "textSimp": "言以谦退哀慈，不敢为物先用。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》（道藏本）（王弼本此章經注相連，今析存注文；道藏本此句與下句注相接。）", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》（道藏本）", "authorNoteSimp": "王弼本此章经注相连，今析存注文；道藏本此句与下句注相接。", "lemmaSimp": "吾不敢为主而为客……退尺" }, { "id": "c014", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "是謂行無行……執無兵", "kind": "note", "text": "行謂行陳也。戰猶行無行、攘無臂、執無兵、扔無敵也，言無有與之抗也。", "authorNote": "道藏本「是謂行無行」下夾有「彼逐不止」四字，疑注文闌入，本站刪。", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》（道藏本）", "textSimp": "行谓行陈也。战犹行无行、攘无臂、执无兵、扔无敌也，言无有与之抗也。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》（道藏本）（道藏本「是謂行無行」下夾有「彼逐不止」四字，疑注文闌入，本站刪。）", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》（道藏本）", "authorNoteSimp": "道藏本「是谓行无行」下夹有「彼逐不止」四字，疑注文阑入，本站删。", "lemmaSimp": "是谓行无行……执无兵" }, { "id": "c015", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "禍莫大於輕敵……吾寶", "kind": "note", "text": "言吾哀慈謙退，非欲以取强無敵於天下也，不得已而卒至於無敵，斯乃吾之所以為大禍也。寶，三寶也，故曰幾亡吾寶。", "authorNote": "王弼注就「無敵」立說，與道藏本經文「輕敵」不合，詳校記。", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》（道藏本）", "textSimp": "言吾哀慈谦退，非欲以取强无敌于天下也，不得已而卒至于无敌，斯乃吾之所以为大祸也。宝，三宝也，故曰几亡吾宝。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》（道藏本）（王弼注就「無敵」立說，與道藏本經文「輕敵」不合，詳校記。）", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》（道藏本）", "authorNoteSimp": "王弼注就「无敌」立说，与道藏本经文「轻敌」不合，详校记。", "lemmaSimp": "祸莫大于轻敌……吾宝" }, { "id": "c016", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "故抗兵相加……哀者勝矣", "kind": "note", "text": "抗，舉也；加，當也。哀者必相惜而不趣利避害，故必勝。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》（道藏本）", "textSimp": "抗，举也；加，当也。哀者必相惜而不趣利避害，故必胜。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》（道藏本）", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》（道藏本）", "lemmaSimp": "故抗兵相加……哀者胜矣" }, { "id": "c017", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "章義", "kind": "note", "text": "就此一章，義開四別：第一明接物運權、示根塵總幻；第二重辯前義，以顯真空；第三明舍慈之人輕敵失道；第四明涉境運智，無出大慈。", "authorNote": "此為成玄英章義。", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引）", "textSimp": "就此一章，义开四别：第一明接物运权、示根尘总幻；第二重辩前义，以显真空；第三明舍慈之人轻敌失道；第四明涉境运智，无出大慈。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引）（此為成玄英章義。）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为成玄英章义。", "lemmaSimp": "章义" }, { "id": "c018", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "章義引證", "kind": "note", "text": "夫唐堯為君，誅共工而蕩惡；大禹作乂，斬防風而示威；湯放桀於鳴條，武梟紂於牧野。玄女灼灼，白奸亭亭，雖外戰於凶人，終内慚於善勝。老君明戒用兵有言：退一尺則我所先行，進一寸則吾將不敢，恐亡厥寶，所以慎之。嘆我浮生沉迷莫悟，豈知高鳥盡而良弓藏，敵國滅而謀臣死。軍井未造，將不言渴；軍飯未炊，將不言饑。何不仰二疏之軌，挂冠東門；慕四皓之風，養渴南嶺。尊大聖明訓，知止足，惟我身常存，豈有幾亡矣。", "authorNote": "此為成玄英章義。", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引）", "textSimp": "夫唐尧为君，诛共工而荡恶；大禹作乂，斩防风而示威；汤放桀于鸣条，武枭纣于牧野。玄女灼灼，白奸亭亭，虽外战于凶人，终内惭于善胜。老君明戒用兵有言：退一尺则我所先行，进一寸则吾将不敢，恐亡厥宝，所以慎之。叹我浮生沉迷莫悟，岂知高鸟尽而良弓藏，敌国灭而谋臣死。军井未造，将不言渴；军饭未炊，将不言饥。何不仰二疏之轨，挂冠东门；慕四皓之风，养渴南岭。尊大圣明训，知止足，惟我身常存，岂有几亡矣。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引）（此為成玄英章義。）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为成玄英章义。", "lemmaSimp": "章义引证" }, { "id": "c019", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "用兵有言", "kind": "note", "text": "用兵謂權智攝化蒼生，亦是修行人用六根涉於塵境。有言者，有用兵之法，言在下文。", "authorNote": "此為成玄英疏。", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引）", "textSimp": "用兵谓权智摄化苍生，亦是修行人用六根涉于尘境。有言者，有用兵之法，言在下文。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引）（此為成玄英疏。）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为成玄英疏。", "lemmaSimp": "用兵有言" }, { "id": "c020", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "吾不敢為主而為客", "kind": "note", "text": "主，我身也；客，前敵也。根塵兩空，物我俱幻，既無身之能縁，亦無前塵之可染也。", "authorNote": "此為成玄英疏。", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引）", "textSimp": "主，我身也；客，前敌也。根尘两空，物我俱幻，既无身之能縁，亦无前尘之可染也。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引）（此為成玄英疏。）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为成玄英疏。", "lemmaSimp": "吾不敢为主而为客" }, { "id": "c021", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "不敢進寸而退尺", "kind": "note", "text": "進，取也；退，舍也。寸少以況無，尺多以況有也。既而境智雙遣，根塵兩幻，體兹中一，離彼兩偏，故無為之可取，亦無有為之可捨也。", "authorNote": "此為成玄英疏。", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引）", "textSimp": "进，取也；退，舍也。寸少以况无，尺多以况有也。既而境智双遣，根尘两幻，体兹中一，离彼两偏，故无为之可取，亦无有为之可舍也。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引）（此為成玄英疏。）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为成玄英疏。", "lemmaSimp": "不敢进寸而退尺" }, { "id": "c022", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "是謂行無行", "kind": "note", "text": "既遣蕩有無，又洞忘境觀，故以無行為行也。", "authorNote": "此為成玄英疏。", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引）", "textSimp": "既遣荡有无，又洞忘境观，故以无行为行也。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引）（此為成玄英疏。）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为成玄英疏。", "lemmaSimp": "是谓行无行" }, { "id": "c023", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "攘無臂", "kind": "note", "text": "隳肢體，故無臂可攘。", "authorNote": "此為成玄英疏。", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引）", "textSimp": "隳肢体，故无臂可攘。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引）（此為成玄英疏。）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为成玄英疏。", "lemmaSimp": "攘无臂" }, { "id": "c024", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "仍無敵", "kind": "note", "text": "物境空幻，無敵可因。", "authorNote": "此為成玄英疏。", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引）", "textSimp": "物境空幻，无敌可因。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引）（此為成玄英疏。）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为成玄英疏。", "lemmaSimp": "仍无敌" }, { "id": "c025", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "執無兵", "kind": "note", "text": "離形去智，故無兵可用。", "authorNote": "此為成玄英疏。", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引）", "textSimp": "离形去智，故无兵可用。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引）（此為成玄英疏。）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为成玄英疏。", "lemmaSimp": "执无兵" }, { "id": "c026", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "禍莫大於輕敵……吾寶", "kind": "note", "text": "禍莫大於侮敵。侮，輕凌也；敵，前境也。輕染諸塵，致三塗之報，故成大禍也。侮敵則幾亡吾寶。幾，盡也；寶則前章三寶，舍慈而勇謂之侮敵，招之巨釁，故盡喪三寶。", "authorNote": "此為成玄英疏；經文「輕敵」，疏作「侮敵」。", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引）", "textSimp": "祸莫大于侮敌。侮，轻凌也；敌，前境也。轻染诸尘，致三涂之报，故成大祸也。侮敌则几亡吾宝。几，尽也；宝则前章三宝，舍慈而勇谓之侮敌，招之巨衅，故尽丧三宝。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引）（此為成玄英疏；經文「輕敵」，疏作「侮敵」。）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为成玄英疏；经文「轻敌」，疏作「侮敌」。", "lemmaSimp": "祸莫大于轻敌……吾宝" }, { "id": "c027", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "故抗兵相加……哀者勝矣", "kind": "note", "text": "若，當也；哀，慈也；抗，舉也。言根塵相逼，舉眼色等相當也；仍以大慈之心虚察前境，則能所兩空，物我清净，故一切諸法皆成勝妙之境也。", "authorNote": "此為成玄英疏。", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引）", "textSimp": "若，当也；哀，慈也；抗，举也。言根尘相逼，举眼色等相当也；仍以大慈之心虚察前境，则能所两空，物我清净，故一切诸法皆成胜妙之境也。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引）（此為成玄英疏。）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为成玄英疏。", "lemmaSimp": "故抗兵相加……哀者胜矣" }, { "id": "c028", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "用兵有言", "kind": "note", "text": "老君傷時輕殘人於兵，故托古以陳誡。有言者，謂下文。", "authorNote": "此為御注。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "老君伤时轻残人于兵，故托古以陈诫。有言者，谓下文。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引御注御疏）（此為御注。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注。", "lemmaSimp": "用兵有言" }, { "id": "c029", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "吾不敢為主而為客……退尺", "kind": "note", "text": "主有動作則生事而貪，客無營為則用慈自守。善守則全勝，生事則敗亡；進雖少不能無事，退雖多不失謙讓，故不敢進寸而退尺爾。", "authorNote": "此為御注。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "主有动作则生事而贪，客无营为则用慈自守。善守则全胜，生事则败亡；进虽少不能无事，退虽多不失谦让，故不敢进寸而退尺尔。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引御注御疏）（此為御注。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注。", "lemmaSimp": "吾不敢为主而为客……退尺" }, { "id": "c030", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "是謂行無行", "kind": "note", "text": "為客退尺，不與物爭，雖行應敵，與無行同。", "authorNote": "此為御注。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "为客退尺，不与物争，虽行应敌，与无行同。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引御注御疏）（此為御注。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注。", "lemmaSimp": "是谓行无行" }, { "id": "c031", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "仍無敵", "kind": "note", "text": "仍，引也。引敵者欲爭，不爭故若無敵可引。", "authorNote": "此為御注；經文作「仍無敵」。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "仍，引也。引敌者欲争，不争故若无敌可引。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引御注御疏）（此為御注；經文作「仍無敵」。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注；经文作「仍无敌」。", "lemmaSimp": "仍无敌" }, { "id": "c032", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "執無兵", "kind": "note", "text": "執兵所以表殺，今以慈為主，故雖執與無兵同。", "authorNote": "此為御注。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "执兵所以表杀，今以慈为主，故虽执与无兵同。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引御注御疏）（此為御注。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注。", "lemmaSimp": "执无兵" }, { "id": "c033", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "禍莫大於輕敵……吾寶", "kind": "note", "text": "為禍之大，莫大於輕敵；輕敵則殆喪吾以慈之寶。", "authorNote": "此為御注。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "为祸之大，莫大于轻敌；轻敌则殆丧吾以慈之宝。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引御注御疏）（此為御注。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注。", "lemmaSimp": "祸莫大于轻敌……吾宝" }, { "id": "c034", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "故抗兵相加……哀者勝矣", "kind": "note", "text": "抗，舉也。兩國舉兵以相加，則慈哀於人者勝也。", "authorNote": "此為御注。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "抗，举也。两国举兵以相加，则慈哀于人者胜也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引御注御疏）（此為御注。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注。", "lemmaSimp": "故抗兵相加……哀者胜矣" }, { "id": "c035", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "用兵有言", "kind": "note", "text": "老君疾時輕敵致禍、樂戰殺人，故托古以申誡。所稱有言，謂下句也。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "老君疾时轻敌致祸、乐战杀人，故托古以申诫。所称有言，谓下句也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "用兵有言" }, { "id": "c036", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "吾不敢為主而為客", "kind": "note", "text": "吾者，用兵之人也。先唱為主，後應為客。主先唱示生事而貪，客後應示以慈自守。欲明古者用兵常有誡令，當須以慈自守，不可生事而貪，故云不敢為主而為客者也。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "吾者，用兵之人也。先唱为主，后应为客。主先唱示生事而贪，客后应示以慈自守。欲明古者用兵常有诫令，当须以慈自守，不可生事而贪，故云不敢为主而为客者也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "吾不敢为主而为客" }, { "id": "c037", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "不敢進寸而退尺", "kind": "note", "text": "夫以道退守則善勝，進兵取强則敗亡。故進雖少猶傷於貪，退雖多愈得謙讓；今鄙其競爭則云不敢進寸，尚其慈讓故云而退尺也。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "夫以道退守则善胜，进兵取强则败亡。故进虽少犹伤于贪，退虽多愈得谦让；今鄙其竞争则云不敢进寸，尚其慈让故云而退尺也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "不敢进寸而退尺" }, { "id": "c038", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "是謂行無行", "kind": "note", "text": "夫行師在乎止敵，貴乎不爭。今為客退尺，善勝不爭，雖行應敵，與無行同矣。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "夫行师在乎止敌，贵乎不争。今为客退尺，善胜不争，虽行应敌，与无行同矣。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "是谓行无行" }, { "id": "c039", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "攘無臂", "kind": "note", "text": "注云攘臂所以表怒，今善戰不怒，故若無臂可攘，故曰攘無臂。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "注云攘臂所以表怒，今善战不怒，故若无臂可攘，故曰攘无臂。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "攘无臂" }, { "id": "c040", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "仍無敵", "kind": "note", "text": "仍謂引也。夫引敵欲有所爭，今以不爭為德，則是無敵可引，故曰仍無敵也。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "仍谓引也。夫引敌欲有所争，今以不争为德，则是无敌可引，故曰仍无敌也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "仍无敌" }, { "id": "c041", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "執無兵", "kind": "note", "text": "執猶持也，兵者五兵戈矛之屬也。夫執持兵者將欲殺敵，以慈為主，自戢干戈，則雖有兵本無殺意，是則與無兵同也。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "执犹持也，兵者五兵戈矛之属也。夫执持兵者将欲杀敌，以慈为主，自戢干戈，则虽有兵本无杀意，是则与无兵同也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "执无兵" }, { "id": "c042", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "禍莫大於輕敵……吾寶", "kind": "note", "text": "幾，近也；亡，失也；寶謂慈也。夫為禍之大，莫大於輕侮前敵、好事交爭，如此則近喪失吾以慈之寶矣。且失慈以戰則敗亡，以守則離散，代間之禍雖非一途，離散敗亡禍之大者也。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "几，近也；亡，失也；宝谓慈也。夫为祸之大，莫大于轻侮前敌、好事交争，如此则近丧失吾以慈之宝矣。且失慈以战则败亡，以守则离散，代间之祸虽非一途，离散败亡祸之大者也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "祸莫大于轻敌……吾宝" }, { "id": "c043", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "故抗兵相加……哀者勝矣", "kind": "note", "text": "抗，舉也。夫兩國舉兵以相加，則由其君用道，其將以慈，矜哀於人，不求多殺者獲勝矣。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "抗，举也。夫两国举兵以相加，则由其君用道，其将以慈，矜哀于人，不求多杀者获胜矣。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "故抗兵相加……哀者胜矣" }, { "id": "c044", "block": 0, "source": "yanzun", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "不敢進寸而退尺", "kind": "note", "text": "幸彼還也，恐人財殫力屈。", "authorNote": "此章《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引「嚴曰」。", "citation": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引）", "textSimp": "幸彼还也，恐人财殚力屈。", "citationFull": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引）（此章《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引「嚴曰」。）", "citationSimp": "严遵《道德真经指归》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "此章《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引「严曰」。", "lemmaSimp": "不敢进寸而退尺" }, { "id": "c045", "block": 0, "source": "yanzun", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "攘無臂", "kind": "note", "text": "示不傷人也。先發號施令，先服者賞，後服者傷；小下者利，大下者昌；有罪者免，有能者官，若無臂而憑怒。", "authorNote": "此章《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引「嚴曰」。", "citation": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引）", "textSimp": "示不伤人也。先发号施令，先服者赏，后服者伤；小下者利，大下者昌；有罪者免，有能者官，若无臂而凭怒。", "citationFull": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引）（此章《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引「嚴曰」。）", "citationSimp": "严遵《道德真经指归》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "此章《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引「严曰」。", "lemmaSimp": "攘无臂" }, { "id": "c046", "block": 0, "source": "yanzun", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "禍莫大於輕敵", "kind": "note", "text": "輕敵者自專也。戰雖萬全，不可輕易敵人；輕敵奸生，亡時失利，福去禍來，是喪自然之寶也。", "authorNote": "此章《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引「嚴曰」。", "citation": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引）", "textSimp": "轻敌者自专也。战虽万全，不可轻易敌人；轻敌奸生，亡时失利，福去祸来，是丧自然之宝也。", "citationFull": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引）（此章《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引「嚴曰」。）", "citationSimp": "严遵《道德真经指归》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "此章《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引「严曰」。", "lemmaSimp": "祸莫大于轻敌" }, { "id": "c047", "block": 0, "source": "yanzun", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "故抗兵相加", "kind": "note", "text": "人主者，國之腹心；兵者，國之威神。隱之玄域，不得已而後行。是以喻我豪俊，悦我士卒，哀慈於人，動得天助也。", "authorNote": "此章《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引「嚴曰」。", "citation": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引）", "textSimp": "人主者，国之腹心；兵者，国之威神。隐之玄域，不得已而后行。是以喻我豪俊，悦我士卒，哀慈于人，动得天助也。", "citationFull": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引）（此章《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引「嚴曰」。）", "citationSimp": "严遵《道德真经指归》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "此章《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引「严曰」。", "lemmaSimp": "故抗兵相加" }, { "id": "c048", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "用兵有言", "kind": "note", "text": "引古兵法。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引）", "textSimp": "引古兵法。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引）", "lemmaSimp": "用兵有言" }, { "id": "c049", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "吾不敢為主而為客", "kind": "note", "text": "在國先舉為主，在陣先動為主。先舉先動，驕盈必危；今欲保全，故云不敢為主。和而不唱，後而不先，故言而客也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引）", "textSimp": "在国先举为主，在阵先动为主。先举先动，骄盈必危；今欲保全，故云不敢为主。和而不唱，后而不先，故言而客也。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引）", "lemmaSimp": "吾不敢为主而为客" }, { "id": "c050", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "不敢進寸而退尺", "kind": "note", "text": "不以兵强外侵，故云不進寸；而以積德内守，故云退尺也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引）", "textSimp": "不以兵强外侵，故云不进寸；而以积德内守，故云退尺也。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引）", "lemmaSimp": "不敢进寸而退尺" }, { "id": "c051", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "是謂行無行", "kind": "note", "text": "兵由彼起，我實不行，應物而行，無心而動，行無行也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引）", "textSimp": "兵由彼起，我实不行，应物而行，无心而动，行无行也。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引）", "lemmaSimp": "是谓行无行" }, { "id": "c052", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "攘無臂", "kind": "note", "text": "怒而行兵，用兵所以攘臂；為客退尺，不假臂以攘之，故言攘無臂也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引）", "textSimp": "怒而行兵，用兵所以攘臂；为客退尺，不假臂以攘之，故言攘无臂也。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引）", "lemmaSimp": "攘无臂" }, { "id": "c053", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "仍無敵", "kind": "note", "text": "仍，引彼敵使歸，無敵也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引）", "textSimp": "仍，引彼敌使归，无敌也。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引）", "lemmaSimp": "仍无敌" }, { "id": "c054", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "執無兵", "kind": "note", "text": "傷彼無道，為此執兵以息兵，刑期無刑，未失慈義；慕道自歸，無兵可執。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引）", "textSimp": "伤彼无道，为此执兵以息兵，刑期无刑，未失慈义；慕道自归，无兵可执。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引）", "lemmaSimp": "执无兵" }, { "id": "c055", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "禍莫大於輕敵……吾寶", "kind": "note", "text": "兵主於殺，不可常行於有事；道貴幽靜，是故制物以無為，務在安人不令有害。若退失無為之道，進無靜寇之兵，輕侮前敵，國破人亡，禍之大也。國實人富，主聖臣賢，是名得寶；人亡粟盡，臣辱主危，失近吾寶也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引）", "textSimp": "兵主于杀，不可常行于有事；道贵幽静，是故制物以无为，务在安人不令有害。若退失无为之道，进无静寇之兵，轻侮前敌，国破人亡，祸之大也。国实人富，主圣臣贤，是名得宝；人亡粟尽，臣辱主危，失近吾宝也。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引）", "lemmaSimp": "祸莫大于轻敌……吾宝" }, { "id": "c056", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "故抗兵相加……哀者勝矣", "kind": "note", "text": "兩邊舉眾名曰抗兵，多少均齊故云相若。輕敵無備、貪而好殺者劣也；靜必依道，動必以律，不失於慈，慈能制物，哀者勝也。", "authorNote": "李榮注文作「相若」，與經文「相加」異。", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引）", "textSimp": "两边举众名曰抗兵，多少均齐故云相若。轻敌无备、贪而好杀者劣也；静必依道，动必以律，不失于慈，慈能制物，哀者胜也。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引）（李榮注文作「相若」，與經文「相加」異。）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "李荣注文作「相若」，与经文「相加」异。", "lemmaSimp": "故抗兵相加……哀者胜矣" }, { "id": "c057", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "故抗兵相加……哀者勝矣", "kind": "note", "text": "内明煩惱多端，非智不破，欲陳其法，故云用兵有言。為主必雄强，作客多雌弱；行人欲息動歸靜，知雄守雌，故云不敢為主而為客也。明道若昩，進道若退，學無所學，修無所修，不進寸而退尺也。識因縁之皆假，達理教之俱空，行無行也；非唯萬境虚寂，抑亦一身空净，攘無臂也；内亡智慧，執無兵也；外絶情欲，仍無敵也。若也放情極欲，失道喪身，亡吾寶也。智慧煩惱二種恒隨，抗兵相若也；方便用於智慧，微妙不失慈悲，漏盡或祛，肅然無累，哀者勝也。", "authorNote": "此為李榮以内丹為說者。", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引）", "textSimp": "内明烦恼多端，非智不破，欲陈其法，故云用兵有言。为主必雄强，作客多雌弱；行人欲息动归静，知雄守雌，故云不敢为主而为客也。明道若昩，进道若退，学无所学，修无所修，不进寸而退尺也。识因縁之皆假，达理教之俱空，行无行也；非唯万境虚寂，抑亦一身空净，攘无臂也；内亡智慧，执无兵也；外绝情欲，仍无敌也。若也放情极欲，失道丧身，亡吾宝也。智慧烦恼二种恒随，抗兵相若也；方便用于智慧，微妙不失慈悲，漏尽或祛，肃然无累，哀者胜也。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引）（此為李榮以内丹為說者。）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为李荣以内丹为说者。", "lemmaSimp": "故抗兵相加……哀者胜矣" }, { "id": "c058", "block": 0, "source": "luxisheng", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "用兵有言……哀者勝矣", "kind": "note", "text": "老氏痛當世用兵以好殺為本，故舉古之軍志以明不得已之徵。夫用師之法，為主者以起戎為謀，為客者以應敵是務；進雖少漸近於殺，退雖多轉近於生，故不敢為主而為客，不敢進寸而退尺，猶勇於敢則殺、勇於不敢則活也。故將前趾於順行，則若無行可列；將奮臂而先登，則若無臂可奮；將操其兵，則若無兵；將引其敵，則若無敵。常以慈愛為本，不樂殺人，人感其慈愛，爭為之用，若手之救頭，若子之救父，卒至無敵於天下。夫無敵於天下者，是戰而勝也；戰而勝者必多殺人，多殺人者莫大之禍。夫如此則近於喪吾所寶之慈矣。既多殺人，不慈甚矣，而曰幾亡吾寶者何也？我本以慈愛不樂殺人，不得已而至無敵，非吾志也；既非本志，則為喪矣，猶未大失，故曰幾亡。由此言之，則舉兵相加，若勝負未定者，能愛其民則必全其勝矣。何者？夫愛其民者必哀其死，民知君之哀民之死，必反哀君之亡，故相率用命以致其勝。始以愛民為本，終以哀死致勝，故曰哀者勝焉。", "authorNote": "陸希聲此章傳一段，本站以四句為序。", "citation": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本卷四）", "textSimp": "老氏痛当世用兵以好杀为本，故举古之军志以明不得已之征。夫用师之法，为主者以起戎为谋，为客者以应敌是务；进虽少渐近于杀，退虽多转近于生，故不敢为主而为客，不敢进寸而退尺，犹勇于敢则杀、勇于不敢则活也。故将前趾于顺行，则若无行可列；将奋臂而先登，则若无臂可奋；将操其兵，则若无兵；将引其敌，则若无敌。常以慈爱为本，不乐杀人，人感其慈爱，争为之用，若手之救头，若子之救父，卒至无敌于天下。夫无敌于天下者，是战而胜也；战而胜者必多杀人，多杀人者莫大之祸。夫如此则近于丧吾所宝之慈矣。既多杀人，不慈甚矣，而曰几亡吾宝者何也？我本以慈爱不乐杀人，不得已而至无敌，非吾志也；既非本志，则为丧矣，犹未大失，故曰几亡。由此言之，则举兵相加，若胜负未定者，能爱其民则必全其胜矣。何者？夫爱其民者必哀其死，民知君之哀民之死，必反哀君之亡，故相率用命以致其胜。始以爱民为本，终以哀死致胜，故曰哀者胜焉。", "citationFull": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本卷四）（陸希聲此章傳一段，本站以四句為序。）", "citationSimp": "陆希声《道德经传》（《道藏》本卷四）", "authorNoteSimp": "陆希声此章传一段，本站以四句为序。", "lemmaSimp": "用兵有言……哀者胜矣" }, { "id": "c059", "block": 0, "source": "lvhuiqing", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "用兵有言……哀者勝矣", "kind": "note", "text": "道之動常在於迫，而能以不爭勝；其施之於用兵之際，宜若有所不行者也。而用兵者有言：吾不敢為主而為客，不敢進寸而退尺。則雖兵猶迫而後動，而勝之以不爭也，而況其它乎？何則？主逆而客順，主勞而客逸，進驕而退卑，進躁而退靜；以順待逆，以逸待勞，以卑待驕，以靜待躁，皆非所敵也。所以爾者，道之為常出於无為，故其動常出於迫，而其勝常以不爭，雖兵亦猶是故也。誠知為常出於无為，則吾之行常无行，其攘常无臂，其仍常无敵，其執常无兵，安往而不勝哉？苟為不能出於无為，知主而不知客，知進而不知退，是之謂輕敵；輕敵則吾之所謂三寶保而持之者幾於喪矣。故曰禍莫大於輕敵，輕敵則幾喪吾寶。夫唯以不爭為勝者，則未有能勝之者也，故曰抗兵相加，哀者勝矣。", "authorNote": "呂惠卿此章傳一段。", "citation": "呂惠卿《道德真經傳》（《道藏》本卷四）", "textSimp": "道之动常在于迫，而能以不争胜；其施之于用兵之际，宜若有所不行者也。而用兵者有言：吾不敢为主而为客，不敢进寸而退尺。则虽兵犹迫而后动，而胜之以不争也，而况其它乎？何则？主逆而客顺，主劳而客逸，进骄而退卑，进躁而退静；以顺待逆，以逸待劳，以卑待骄，以静待躁，皆非所敌也。所以尔者，道之为常出于无为，故其动常出于迫，而其胜常以不争，虽兵亦犹是故也。诚知为常出于无为，则吾之行常无行，其攘常无臂，其仍常无敌，其执常无兵，安往而不胜哉？苟为不能出于无为，知主而不知客，知进而不知退，是之谓轻敌；轻敌则吾之所谓三宝保而持之者几于丧矣。故曰祸莫大于轻敌，轻敌则几丧吾宝。夫唯以不争为胜者，则未有能胜之者也，故曰抗兵相加，哀者胜矣。", "citationFull": "呂惠卿《道德真經傳》（《道藏》本卷四）（呂惠卿此章傳一段。）", "citationSimp": "吕惠卿《道德真经传》（《道藏》本卷四）", "authorNoteSimp": "吕惠卿此章传一段。", "lemmaSimp": "用兵有言……哀者胜矣" }, { "id": "c060", "block": 0, "source": "suzhe", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "吾不敢為主而為客", "kind": "note", "text": "主造事者也，客應敵者也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本卷四）", "textSimp": "主造事者也，客应敌者也。", "citationFull": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本卷四）", "citationSimp": "苏辙《老子解》（《道藏》本卷四）", "lemmaSimp": "吾不敢为主而为客" }, { "id": "c061", "block": 0, "source": "suzhe", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "不敢進寸而退尺", "kind": "note", "text": "進者有意於爭者也，退者無意於爭者也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本卷四）", "textSimp": "进者有意于争者也，退者无意于争者也。", "citationFull": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本卷四）", "citationSimp": "苏辙《老子解》（《道藏》本卷四）", "lemmaSimp": "不敢进寸而退尺" }, { "id": "c062", "block": 0, "source": "suzhe", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "是謂行無行", "kind": "note", "text": "無意於爭，則雖用兵與不用均也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本卷四）", "textSimp": "无意于争，则虽用兵与不用均也。", "citationFull": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本卷四）", "citationSimp": "苏辙《老子解》（《道藏》本卷四）", "lemmaSimp": "是谓行无行" }, { "id": "c063", "block": 0, "source": "suzhe", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "攘無臂……執無兵", "kind": "note", "text": "苟無意於爭，則雖在軍旅，如無臂可攘、無敵可因、無兵可執，而安有用兵之咎邪。", "authorNote": "蘇轍經文作「仍無敵」，又此注兼釋「仍無敵」「執無兵」二句。", "citation": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本卷四）", "textSimp": "苟无意于争，则虽在军旅，如无臂可攘、无敌可因、无兵可执，而安有用兵之咎邪。", "citationFull": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本卷四）（蘇轍經文作「仍無敵」，又此注兼釋「仍無敵」「執無兵」二句。）", "citationSimp": "苏辙《老子解》（《道藏》本卷四）", "authorNoteSimp": "苏辙经文作「仍无敌」，又此注兼释「仍无敌」「执无兵」二句。", "lemmaSimp": "攘无臂……执无兵" }, { "id": "c064", "block": 0, "source": "suzhe", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "禍莫大於輕敵……吾寶", "kind": "note", "text": "聖人以慈為寶，輕敵則輕戰，輕戰則輕殺人，喪其所以為慈矣。", "authorNote": "蘇轍經文作「輕敵者幾喪吾寶」。", "citation": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本卷四）", "textSimp": "圣人以慈为宝，轻敌则轻战，轻战则轻杀人，丧其所以为慈矣。", "citationFull": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本卷四）（蘇轍經文作「輕敵者幾喪吾寶」。）", "citationSimp": "苏辙《老子解》（《道藏》本卷四）", "authorNoteSimp": "苏辙经文作「轻敌者几丧吾宝」。", "lemmaSimp": "祸莫大于轻敌……吾宝" }, { "id": "c065", "block": 0, "source": "suzhe", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "故抗兵相加……哀者勝矣", "kind": "note", "text": "兩敵相加而吾出於不得已，則有哀心；哀心見而天人助之，雖欲不勝不可得矣。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本卷四）", "textSimp": "两敌相加而吾出于不得已，则有哀心；哀心见而天人助之，虽欲不胜不可得矣。", "citationFull": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本卷四）", "citationSimp": "苏辙《老子解》（《道藏》本卷四）", "lemmaSimp": "故抗兵相加……哀者胜矣" }, { "id": "c066", "block": 0, "source": "wucheng", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "用兵有言……執無兵", "kind": "note", "text": "又申言慈之寶。不敢字言用兵。用兵有言者，用兵者嘗有是言。為主肇兵端以伐人也，為客不得已而應敵也。進寸難進也，退尺易退也。仍，就也。不為首兵，但為應兵；雖為應兵，亦不欲戰，不敢近進，寧於遠退。進戰者整其行陣而行，攘臂以執兵而前進以仍敵；不行則雖有行如無行，不攘則雖有臂如無臂，不執則雖有兵如無兵，不仍之則雖有敵在前如無敵也。無行，音杭。", "authorNote": "吳澄合此章入其第五十七章；此注兼釋前二句。", "citation": "吳澄《道德真經注》（《道藏》本卷四）", "textSimp": "又申言慈之宝。不敢字言用兵。用兵有言者，用兵者尝有是言。为主肇兵端以伐人也，为客不得已而应敌也。进寸难进也，退尺易退也。仍，就也。不为首兵，但为应兵；虽为应兵，亦不欲战，不敢近进，宁于远退。进战者整其行阵而行，攘臂以执兵而前进以仍敌；不行则虽有行如无行，不攘则虽有臂如无臂，不执则虽有兵如无兵，不仍之则虽有敌在前如无敌也。无行，音杭。", "citationFull": "吳澄《道德真經注》（《道藏》本卷四）（吳澄合此章入其第五十七章；此注兼釋前二句。）", "citationSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》（《道藏》本卷四）", "authorNoteSimp": "吴澄合此章入其第五十七章；此注兼释前二句。", "lemmaSimp": "用兵有言……执无兵" }, { "id": "c067", "block": 0, "source": "wucheng", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "禍莫大於輕敵……吾寶", "kind": "note", "text": "行三軍，臨事而懼，不敢輕敵也。輕敵則輕戰，以至殺人，而喪吾慈寶矣，禍莫大焉。雖未進戰，然一有輕敵之心，則已有殺人喪寶之漸，故曰幾喪吾寶。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "吳澄《道德真經注》（《道藏》本卷四）", "textSimp": "行三军，临事而惧，不敢轻敌也。轻敌则轻战，以至杀人，而丧吾慈宝矣，祸莫大焉。虽未进战，然一有轻敌之心，则已有杀人丧宝之渐，故曰几丧吾宝。", "citationFull": "吳澄《道德真經注》（《道藏》本卷四）", "citationSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》（《道藏》本卷四）", "lemmaSimp": "祸莫大于轻敌……吾宝" }, { "id": "c068", "block": 0, "source": "wucheng", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "故抗兵相加……哀者勝矣", "kind": "note", "text": "抗，舉也。哀者慈心之見。蘇氏曰：兩敵舉兵相加，而吾出於不得已，則有哀閔殺傷之心；哀心見而天人助之，勝矣。蓋慈者之勝不慈，非戰而敗之，不戰而屈之，即勝也。", "authorNote": "此注末引蘇轍語。", "citation": "吳澄《道德真經注》（《道藏》本卷四）", "textSimp": "抗，举也。哀者慈心之见。苏氏曰：两敌举兵相加，而吾出于不得已，则有哀闵杀伤之心；哀心见而天人助之，胜矣。盖慈者之胜不慈，非战而败之，不战而屈之，即胜也。", "citationFull": "吳澄《道德真經注》（《道藏》本卷四）（此注末引蘇轍語。）", "citationSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》（《道藏》本卷四）", "authorNoteSimp": "此注末引苏辙语。", "lemmaSimp": "故抗兵相加……哀者胜矣" }, { "id": "c069", "block": 0, "source": "hanshan", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "用兵有言……執無兵", "kind": "note", "text": "此重明前章不爭之德，以釋上三寶以慈為本之意也。然慈乃至仁之全德，所謂大仁不仁；以其物我兼忘，内不見有施仁之心，外不見有受施之地，故凡應物而動，皆非出於有心好為，蓋迫不得已而後應，故借用兵以明慈德之至也。何以知之？且如古之用兵者有言曰：吾不敢為主而為客，不敢進寸而退尺。以此觀之，足可知也。古之用兵，如涿鹿、孟津之師是也。兵主，如春秋征伐之盟主，蓋專征伐、主於兵者，言以必爭必殺為主也；客，如諸侯應援之師，本意絕無好殺之心，今雖迫不得已而應之，然亦聽之待之，若可已則已。以無心於功利，故絕無爭心，所以進之難而退之易，故曰不敢進寸而退尺。言身進而心不進，是以退心進也。以無爭心，故雖行而如不在行陣，雖攘而若無臂之人。仍，相仍，猶就也，言彼以我為敵，而我以彼為敵也；雖就，亦似無敵可對；雖執，猶若無兵可揮。", "authorNote": "憨山此章解一段，本站分二條；經文作「仍無敵」。", "citation": "釋德清《道德經解》（公開轉錄本）", "textSimp": "此重明前章不争之德，以释上三宝以慈为本之意也。然慈乃至仁之全德，所谓大仁不仁；以其物我兼忘，内不见有施仁之心，外不见有受施之地，故凡应物而动，皆非出于有心好为，盖迫不得已而后应，故借用兵以明慈德之至也。何以知之？且如古之用兵者有言曰：吾不敢为主而为客，不敢进寸而退尺。以此观之，足可知也。古之用兵，如涿鹿、孟津之师是也。兵主，如春秋征伐之盟主，盖专征伐、主于兵者，言以必争必杀为主也；客，如诸侯应援之师，本意绝无好杀之心，今虽迫不得已而应之，然亦听之待之，若可已则已。以无心于功利，故绝无争心，所以进之难而退之易，故曰不敢进寸而退尺。言身进而心不进，是以退心进也。以无争心，故虽行而如不在行阵，虽攘而若无臂之人。仍，相仍，犹就也，言彼以我为敌，而我以彼为敌也；虽就，亦似无敌可对；虽执，犹若无兵可挥。", "citationFull": "釋德清《道德經解》（公開轉錄本）（憨山此章解一段，本站分二條；經文作「仍無敵」。）", "citationSimp": "释德清《道德经解》（公开转录本）", "authorNoteSimp": "憨山此章解一段，本站分二条；经文作「仍无敌」。", "lemmaSimp": "用兵有言……执无兵" }, { "id": "c070", "block": 0, "source": "hanshan", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "禍莫大於輕敵……哀者勝矣", "kind": "note", "text": "戒懼之至，而不敢輕於敵；由不敢輕敵，所以能保全民命，不傷好生之仁。然禍之大者莫大於輕敵，以輕敵則多殺，多殺則傷慈，故幾喪吾寶矣。抗兵，乃兩敵相當，不相上下，難於決勝；但有慈心哀之者，則自勝矣。何則？以天道好生，助勝於慈者也。由是觀之，兵者對敵，必爭必殺以取勝；今乃以不爭不殺而勝之，蓋以慈為本故也，足見慈乃不爭之德，施於必爭地而以不爭勝之，豈非大有力乎？用之於敵尚如此，況乎聖人無物為敵，而以平等大慈並包萬物，又何物而可勝之耶？故前云不爭之德，是謂用人之力，是謂配天古之極。此章舊解多在用兵上說，全不得老子主意；今觀初一句，乃借用兵之言，至輕敵喪寶，則了然明白，是釋上慈字，以明不爭之德耳。", "authorNote": "憨山此章解一段，本站分二條。", "citation": "釋德清《道德經解》（公開轉錄本）", "textSimp": "戒惧之至，而不敢轻于敌；由不敢轻敌，所以能保全民命，不伤好生之仁。然祸之大者莫大于轻敌，以轻敌则多杀，多杀则伤慈，故几丧吾宝矣。抗兵，乃两敌相当，不相上下，难于决胜；但有慈心哀之者，则自胜矣。何则？以天道好生，助胜于慈者也。由是观之，兵者对敌，必争必杀以取胜；今乃以不争不杀而胜之，盖以慈为本故也，足见慈乃不争之德，施于必争地而以不争胜之，岂非大有力乎？用之于敌尚如此，况乎圣人无物为敌，而以平等大慈并包万物，又何物而可胜之耶？故前云不争之德，是谓用人之力，是谓配天古之极。此章旧解多在用兵上说，全不得老子主意；今观初一句，乃借用兵之言，至轻敌丧宝，则了然明白，是释上慈字，以明不争之德耳。", "citationFull": "釋德清《道德經解》（公開轉錄本）（憨山此章解一段，本站分二條。）", "citationSimp": "释德清《道德经解》（公开转录本）", "authorNoteSimp": "憨山此章解一段，本站分二条。", "lemmaSimp": "祸莫大于轻敌……哀者胜矣" }, { "id": "c071", "block": 0, "source": "weiyuan", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "用兵有言……哀者勝矣", "kind": "note", "text": "此章明德之用也。蓋道以虛無為體，其運而為德，則以慈儉謙退為用。然德為萬物之母，則慈乃善之長也；與慈相反者莫如兵，故專以兵明慈之為用，而儉與不敢先皆在其中也。首言我有三寶，寶而持之；末言幾喪吾寶，首尾相應，以致其丁寧，欲人寶之而勿失也。老子著書明道救時，見天下方務於剛強，而剛強莫勝於爭戰；今將救其弊，而返以慈儉謙退，則天下必以為不適於用，故即其所明者以喻之，言吾之道無施而不可，雖用之以戰守，亦無不勝且固者。蓋慈則必儉，慈則必不敢為先，是即兵家以退為進、以弱為強之道。其證以用兵之言者，使即兵以知柔退，即柔退以反於仁慈，非為談兵而設，故即繼之以禍莫大於無敵、無敵幾亡吾寶也。三寶首慈，哀者慈心之所發，故天衛之而必勝；若佳兵者不祥，未有能久勝者也。源案：軍惟死戰以拒敵，故有行列攘臂執兵之事；苟無敵之可扔，則亦無列足整、無臂足攘、無兵足執矣。蓋以後為先、以退為進，常致人而不致於人，則是操全勝之術，不勞力而坐致之，是謂扔無敵也。雖然，所謂無敵者，豈吾之所樂哉？蓋兵至無敵於天下，則殺人必多，乃禍莫大焉者也。前徒倒戈，血流漂杵，王者之師，而君子尚不忍言之，豈非幾亡吾寶之謂乎？是故吾之用兵，不得已而用之，以不祥視之，以喪禮處之，皆哀之至也；惟哀而後可以言勝，所謂慈則戰勝而守固、天將救之以慈衛之者也。諸本皆作禍莫大於輕敵、輕敵幾喪吾寶；夫輕敵必敗，身且不存，奚但寶之幾喪？是直一孫吳制勝之術耳，何足語太上慈哀之教邪？", "authorNote": "魏源合第六十七至六十九章為其第五十八章，此摘其論本章者。", "citation": "魏源《老子本義》（下篇，公開轉錄本）", "textSimp": "此章明德之用也。盖道以虚无为体，其运而为德，则以慈俭谦退为用。然德为万物之母，则慈乃善之长也；与慈相反者莫如兵，故专以兵明慈之为用，而俭与不敢先皆在其中也。首言我有三宝，宝而持之；末言几丧吾宝，首尾相应，以致其丁宁，欲人宝之而勿失也。老子著书明道救时，见天下方务于刚强，而刚强莫胜于争战；今将救其弊，而返以慈俭谦退，则天下必以为不适于用，故即其所明者以喻之，言吾之道无施而不可，虽用之以战守，亦无不胜且固者。盖慈则必俭，慈则必不敢为先，是即兵家以退为进、以弱为强之道。其证以用兵之言者，使即兵以知柔退，即柔退以反于仁慈，非为谈兵而设，故即继之以祸莫大于无敌、无敌几亡吾宝也。三宝首慈，哀者慈心之所发，故天卫之而必胜；若佳兵者不祥，未有能久胜者也。源案：军惟死战以拒敌，故有行列攘臂执兵之事；苟无敌之可扔，则亦无列足整、无臂足攘、无兵足执矣。盖以后为先、以退为进，常致人而不致于人，则是操全胜之术，不劳力而坐致之，是谓扔无敌也。虽然，所谓无敌者，岂吾之所乐哉？盖兵至无敌于天下，则杀人必多，乃祸莫大焉者也。前徒倒戈，血流漂杵，王者之师，而君子尚不忍言之，岂非几亡吾宝之谓乎？是故吾之用兵，不得已而用之，以不祥视之，以丧礼处之，皆哀之至也；惟哀而后可以言胜，所谓慈则战胜而守固、天将救之以慈卫之者也。诸本皆作祸莫大于轻敌、轻敌几丧吾宝；夫轻敌必败，身且不存，奚但宝之几丧？是直一孙吴制胜之术耳，何足语太上慈哀之教邪？", "citationFull": "魏源《老子本義》（下篇，公開轉錄本）（魏源合第六十七至六十九章為其第五十八章，此摘其論本章者。）", "citationSimp": "魏源《老子本义》（下篇，公开转录本）", "authorNoteSimp": "魏源合第六十七至六十九章为其第五十八章，此摘其论本章者。", "lemmaSimp": "用兵有言……哀者胜矣" }, { "id": "c072", "block": 0, "source": "weiyuan", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "用兵有言……哀者勝矣", "kind": "note", "text": "「用兵有言」，傅奕作「用兵者有言曰」。「扔」一作「仍」，此從王弼；「執無兵」「扔無敵」二句一本上下互易，此從傅奕，蓋行兵為韻、臂敵為韻，且下句即承無敵而言也。「禍莫大於無敵，無敵幾亡吾寶」，各本皆作「輕敵幾喪吾寶」，此從王弼及傅奕。「抗兵相加」，傅奕作「相若」，又下有「則」字。", "authorNote": "魏源校記，附於經文下；本站正文從王弼道藏本。", "citation": "魏源《老子本義》（下篇，公開轉錄本）", "textSimp": "「用兵有言」，傅奕作「用兵者有言曰」。「扔」一作「仍」，此从王弼；「执无兵」「扔无敌」二句一本上下互易，此从傅奕，盖行兵为韵、臂敌为韵，且下句即承无敌而言也。「祸莫大于无敌，无敌几亡吾宝」，各本皆作「轻敌几丧吾宝」，此从王弼及傅奕。「抗兵相加」，傅奕作「相若」，又下有「则」字。", "citationFull": "魏源《老子本義》（下篇，公開轉錄本）（魏源校記，附於經文下；本站正文從王弼道藏本。）", "citationSimp": "魏源《老子本义》（下篇，公开转录本）", "authorNoteSimp": "魏源校记，附于经文下；本站正文从王弼道藏本。", "lemmaSimp": "用兵有言……哀者胜矣" } ], "charNotes": [ { "id": "n001", "sentenceId": "s001", "start": 0, "end": 4, "char": "用兵有言", "charSimp": "用兵有言", "startSimp": 0, "endSimp": 4, "pinyin": "yòng bīng yǒu yán", "gloss": "用兵的人有此古語。", "glossSimp": "用兵的人有此古语。", "general": "御注謂老君傷時輕殘人於兵、托古陳誡；御疏謂疾時輕敵致禍、樂戰殺人而托古申誡；河上公謂陳用兵之道、疾時用兵而託己設義；李榮謂引古兵法；成玄英謂權智攝化蒼生、修行人用六根涉塵；憨山謂借用兵以明慈德之至。", "generalSimp": "御注谓老君伤时轻残人于兵、托古陈诫；御疏谓疾时轻敌致祸、乐战杀人而托古申诫；河上公谓陈用兵之道、疾时用兵而托己设义；李荣谓引古兵法；成玄英谓权智摄化苍生、修行人用六根涉尘；憨山谓借用兵以明慈德之至。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c001", "c019", "c028", "c035", "c048", "c069" ], "refsSimp": [ "c001", "c019", "c028", "c035", "c048", "c069" ] }, { "id": "n002", "sentenceId": "s001", "start": 8, "end": 10, "char": "為主", "charSimp": "为主", "startSimp": 8, "endSimp": 10, "pinyin": "wéi zhǔ", "gloss": "挑起戰端、先舉兵的一方。", "glossSimp": "挑起战端、先举兵的一方。", "general": "河上公謂主先也、先舉兵；御注謂主有動作則生事而貪；御疏謂先唱為主；成玄英謂主我身也；李榮謂在國先舉、在陣先動為主；蘇轍謂主造事者也；吳澄謂主肇兵端以伐人；憨山謂兵主以必爭必殺為主。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓主先也、先举兵；御注谓主有动作则生事而贪；御疏谓先唱为主；成玄英谓主我身也；李荣谓在国先举、在阵先动为主；苏辙谓主造事者也；吴澄谓主肇兵端以伐人；憨山谓兵主以必争必杀为主。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c002", "c020", "c029", "c036", "c049", "c060", "c066", "c069" ], "refsSimp": [ "c002", "c020", "c029", "c036", "c049", "c060", "c066", "c069" ] }, { "id": "n003", "sentenceId": "s001", "start": 11, "end": 13, "char": "為客", "charSimp": "为客", "startSimp": 11, "endSimp": 13, "pinyin": "wéi kè", "gloss": "應敵後動的一方。", "glossSimp": "应敌后动的一方。", "general": "河上公謂客者和而不倡、用兵承天而後動；御注謂客無營為、用慈自守；御疏謂後應為客；成玄英謂客前敵也；李榮謂和而不唱、後而不先；蘇轍謂客應敵者也；吳澄謂不得已而應敵；憨山謂客如諸侯應援之師、本無好殺之心。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓客者和而不倡、用兵承天而后动；御注谓客无营为、用慈自守；御疏谓后应为客；成玄英谓客前敌也；李荣谓和而不唱、后而不先；苏辙谓客应敌者也；吴澄谓不得已而应敌；憨山谓客如诸侯应援之师、本无好杀之心。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c003", "c020", "c029", "c036", "c049", "c060", "c066", "c069" ], "refsSimp": [ "c003", "c020", "c029", "c036", "c049", "c060", "c066", "c069" ] }, { "id": "n004", "sentenceId": "s001", "start": 16, "end": 21, "char": "進寸而退尺", "charSimp": "进寸而退尺", "startSimp": 16, "endSimp": 21, "pinyin": "jìn cùn ér tuì chǐ", "gloss": "前進一寸、後退一尺，喻寧退勿進。", "glossSimp": "前进一寸、后退一尺，喻宁退勿进。", "general": "河上公以侵人境界為進、閉門守城為退；御注謂進雖少不能無事、退雖多不失謙讓；御疏謂進雖少猶傷於貪、退雖多愈得謙讓；嚴遵謂幸彼還、恐人財殫力屈；李榮謂不以兵强外侵、以積德内守；成玄英寸少況無、尺多況有；蘇轍謂進有意於爭、退無意於爭。", "generalSimp": "河上公以侵人境界为进、闭门守城为退；御注谓进虽少不能无事、退虽多不失谦让；御疏谓进虽少犹伤于贪、退虽多愈得谦让；严遵谓幸彼还、恐人财殚力屈；李荣谓不以兵强外侵、以积德内守；成玄英寸少况无、尺多况有；苏辙谓进有意于争、退无意于争。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c004", "c021", "c029", "c037", "c044", "c050", "c061" ], "refsSimp": [ "c004", "c021", "c029", "c037", "c044", "c050", "c061" ] }, { "id": "n005", "sentenceId": "s002", "start": 2, "end": 5, "char": "行無行", "charSimp": "行无行", "startSimp": 2, "endSimp": 5, "pinyin": "xíng wú háng", "gloss": "列陣而行卻似沒有行列可行；末字讀杭。", "glossSimp": "列阵而行却似没有行列可行；末字读杭。", "general": "王弼謂行謂行陳、言無有與之抗；御注謂為客退尺、雖行應敵與無行同；御疏謂行師在乎止敵、貴乎不爭；河上公謂彼遂不止為天下賊、雖行誅之不行執；李榮謂兵由彼起、應物而行、無心而動；成玄英謂遣蕩有無、洞忘境觀；蘇轍謂無意於爭則用兵與不用均。", "generalSimp": "王弼谓行谓行陈、言无有与之抗；御注谓为客退尺、虽行应敌与无行同；御疏谓行师在乎止敌、贵乎不争；河上公谓彼遂不止为天下贼、虽行诛之不行执；李荣谓兵由彼起、应物而行、无心而动；成玄英谓遣荡有无、洞忘境观；苏辙谓无意于争则用兵与不用均。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c005", "c014", "c022", "c030", "c038", "c051", "c062" ], "refsSimp": [ "c005", "c014", "c022", "c030", "c038", "c051", "c062" ] }, { "id": "n006", "sentenceId": "s002", "start": 6, "end": 9, "char": "攘無臂", "charSimp": "攘无臂", "startSimp": 6, "endSimp": 9, "pinyin": "rǎng wú bì", "gloss": "奮臂欲戰卻似沒有手臂可舉。", "glossSimp": "奋臂欲战却似没有手臂可举。", "general": "御疏謂攘臂所以表怒、善戰不怒故若無臂；河上公謂雖欲大怒、若無臂可攘；嚴遵謂示不傷人、若無臂而憑怒；李榮謂怒而行兵所以攘臂、為客退尺不假臂以攘；成玄英謂隳肢體故無臂可攘；蘇轍謂苟無意於爭、如無臂可攘。", "generalSimp": "御疏谓攘臂所以表怒、善战不怒故若无臂；河上公谓虽欲大怒、若无臂可攘；严遵谓示不伤人、若无臂而凭怒；李荣谓怒而行兵所以攘臂、为客退尺不假臂以攘；成玄英谓隳肢体故无臂可攘；苏辙谓苟无意于争、如无臂可攘。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c006", "c023", "c039", "c045", "c052", "c063" ], "refsSimp": [ "c006", "c023", "c039", "c045", "c052", "c063" ] }, { "id": "n007", "sentenceId": "s002", "start": 10, "end": 13, "char": "扔無敵", "charSimp": "扔无敌", "startSimp": 10, "endSimp": 13, "pinyin": "rēng wú dí", "gloss": "「扔」通「仍」，就、引；引敵卻似沒有敵人可以引對。", "glossSimp": "「扔」通「仍」，就、引；引敌却似没有敌人可以引对。", "general": "王弼注作「扔無敵」；御注、御疏並訓仍為引，謂不爭故若無敵可引；河上公謂雖欲仍引之心、若無敵可仍；李榮謂引彼敵使歸、無敵也；成玄英謂物境空幻、無敵可因；魏源校記謂扔一作仍、此從王弼。", "generalSimp": "王弼注作「扔无敌」；御注、御疏并训仍为引，谓不争故若无敌可引；河上公谓虽欲仍引之心、若无敌可仍；李荣谓引彼敌使归、无敌也；成玄英谓物境空幻、无敌可因；魏源校记谓扔一作仍、此从王弼。", "variants": [ "仍" ], "variantsSimp": [ "仍" ], "refs": [ "c007", "c024", "c031", "c040", "c053", "c063", "c072" ], "refsSimp": [ "c007", "c024", "c031", "c040", "c053", "c063", "c072" ] }, { "id": "n008", "sentenceId": "s002", "start": 14, "end": 17, "char": "執無兵", "charSimp": "执无兵", "startSimp": 14, "endSimp": 17, "pinyin": "zhí wú bīng", "gloss": "手持兵器卻似沒有兵器可以執持。", "glossSimp": "手持兵器却似没有兵器可以执持。", "general": "御注謂執兵所以表殺、以慈為主故雖執與無兵同；御疏謂執持兵者將欲殺敵、以慈為主自戢干戈；河上公謂雖欲執持之、若無兵刃可持用，傷彼之民罹罪於天故不忍；李榮謂息兵、刑期無刑；成玄英謂離形去智故無兵可用。", "generalSimp": "御注谓执兵所以表杀、以慈为主故虽执与无兵同；御疏谓执持兵者将欲杀敌、以慈为主自戢干戈；河上公谓虽欲执持之、若无兵刃可持用，伤彼之民罹罪于天故不忍；李荣谓息兵、刑期无刑；成玄英谓离形去智故无兵可用。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c008", "c025", "c032", "c041", "c054", "c063", "c072" ], "refsSimp": [ "c008", "c025", "c032", "c041", "c054", "c063", "c072" ] }, { "id": "n009", "sentenceId": "s003", "start": 4, "end": 6, "char": "輕敵", "charSimp": "轻敌", "startSimp": 4, "endSimp": 6, "pinyin": "qīng dí", "gloss": "輕視敵人。", "glossSimp": "轻视敌人。", "general": "河上公謂欺輕敵家、侵取不休、輕戰貪財則近喪身；王弼注就「無敵」立說，謂不得已而卒至無敵乃大禍；御注謂輕敵則殆喪慈寶；御疏謂輕侮前敵、好事交爭則近喪慈寶；嚴遵謂輕敵者自專、輕敵奸生；李榮謂輕侮前敵則國破人亡；蘇轍謂輕敵則輕戰輕殺人；吳澄謂一有輕敵之心即有殺人喪寶之漸；憨山謂輕敵多殺則傷慈；魏源從王弼及傅奕作「無敵」。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓欺轻敌家、侵取不休、轻战贪财则近丧身；王弼注就「无敌」立说，谓不得已而卒至无敌乃大祸；御注谓轻敌则殆丧慈宝；御疏谓轻侮前敌、好事交争则近丧慈宝；严遵谓轻敌者自专、轻敌奸生；李荣谓轻侮前敌则国破人亡；苏辙谓轻敌则轻战轻杀人；吴澄谓一有轻敌之心即有杀人丧宝之渐；憨山谓轻敌多杀则伤慈；魏源从王弼及傅奕作「无敌」。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c009", "c010", "c026", "c033", "c042", "c046", "c055", "c064", "c067", "c070", "c071", "c072" ], "refsSimp": [ "c009", "c010", "c026", "c033", "c042", "c046", "c055", "c064", "c067", "c070", "c071", "c072" ] }, { "id": "n010", "sentenceId": "s003", "start": 11, "end": 13, "char": "吾寶", "charSimp": "吾宝", "startSimp": 11, "endSimp": 13, "pinyin": "wú bǎo", "gloss": "我所珍視的寶；或指身，或指慈，或指三寶。", "glossSimp": "我所珍视的宝；或指身，或指慈，或指三宝。", "general": "河上公謂寶者身也、欺輕敵者近喪身；王弼謂寶即三寶、故曰幾亡吾寶；御注、御疏謂寶即慈；成玄英謂寶即前章三寶、舍慈而勇故盡喪三寶；嚴遵謂喪自然之寶；李榮以國實人富為得寶、人亡粟盡為失寶；蘇轍謂聖人以慈為寶；吳澄謂喪吾慈寶；憨山謂多殺傷慈故幾喪吾寶。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓宝者身也、欺轻敌者近丧身；王弼谓宝即三宝、故曰几亡吾宝；御注、御疏谓宝即慈；成玄英谓宝即前章三宝、舍慈而勇故尽丧三宝；严遵谓丧自然之宝；李荣以国实人富为得宝、人亡粟尽为失宝；苏辙谓圣人以慈为宝；吴澄谓丧吾慈宝；憨山谓多杀伤慈故几丧吾宝。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c010", "c015", "c026", "c033", "c042", "c046", "c055", "c064", "c067", "c070", "c071" ], "refsSimp": [ "c010", "c015", "c026", "c033", "c042", "c046", "c055", "c064", "c067", "c070", "c071" ] }, { "id": "n011", "sentenceId": "s004", "start": 1, "end": 3, "char": "抗兵", "charSimp": "抗兵", "startSimp": 1, "endSimp": 3, "pinyin": "kàng bīng", "gloss": "舉兵、兩軍相當；抗，舉也。", "glossSimp": "举兵、两军相当；抗，举也。", "general": "王弼謂抗舉也、加當也；御注、御疏並訓抗為舉，謂兩國舉兵以相加；河上公謂兩敵相戰也；李榮謂兩邊舉眾名曰抗兵、多少均齊故云相若；成玄英謂抗舉也、根塵相逼舉眼色等相當；吳澄謂抗舉也。", "generalSimp": "王弼谓抗举也、加当也；御注、御疏并训抗为举，谓两国举兵以相加；河上公谓两敌相战也；李荣谓两边举众名曰抗兵、多少均齐故云相若；成玄英谓抗举也、根尘相逼举眼色等相当；吴澄谓抗举也。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c011", "c016", "c027", "c034", "c043", "c047", "c056", "c057", "c068" ], "refsSimp": [ "c011", "c016", "c027", "c034", "c043", "c047", "c056", "c057", "c068" ] }, { "id": "n012", "sentenceId": "s004", "start": 6, "end": 8, "char": "哀者", "charSimp": "哀者", "startSimp": 6, "endSimp": 8, "pinyin": "āi zhě", "gloss": "懷慈哀之心的一方。", "glossSimp": "怀慈哀之心的一方。", "general": "王弼謂哀者必相惜而不趣利避害、故必勝；御注謂慈哀於人者勝；河上公謂哀者慈仁、士卒不遠於死；嚴遵謂哀慈於人、動得天助；李榮謂慈能制物、哀者勝；蘇轍謂不得已而有哀心、天人助之；吳澄謂哀者慈心之見、慈者不戰而屈之；憨山謂天道好生、助勝於慈。", "generalSimp": "王弼谓哀者必相惜而不趣利避害、故必胜；御注谓慈哀于人者胜；河上公谓哀者慈仁、士卒不远于死；严遵谓哀慈于人、动得天助；李荣谓慈能制物、哀者胜；苏辙谓不得已而有哀心、天人助之；吴澄谓哀者慈心之见、慈者不战而屈之；憨山谓天道好生、助胜于慈。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c012", "c016", "c027", "c034", "c043", "c047", "c056", "c057", "c065", "c068", "c070" ], "refsSimp": [ "c012", "c016", "c027", "c034", "c043", "c047", "c056", "c057", "c065", "c068", "c070" ] } ], "glossary": { "玄用第六十九": "河上公本章章題全稱。", "用兵有言章": "成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮、嚴遵、呂惠卿、蘇轍本章章題。", "用兵有言章第六十九": "諸家章題全稱。", "用兵有言": "用兵的人有此古語；御注謂老君托古陳誡。", "為主": "挑起戰端、先舉兵的一方。", "為客": "應敵後動的一方。", "主客": "主為先唱先舉，客為後應後動。", "進寸": "前進一寸，喻少進；河上公謂侵入境界、利人財寶。", "退尺": "後退一尺，喻多退；河上公謂閉門守城。", "進寸而退尺": "前進一寸、後退一尺，喻寧退勿進；諸家以謙退不爭釋之。", "行無行": "列陣而行卻似無陣可行；末字讀杭。", "行陳": "行伍戰陣；王弼語。", "攘無臂": "奮臂欲戰卻似無臂可舉。", "攘": "捋袖伸臂，表示憤怒。", "扔無敵": "「扔」通「仍」，就、引；引敵卻似無敵可就。", "仍": "就、引；諸本作「仍」，王弼作「扔」。", "執無兵": "手持兵器卻似無兵可執。", "五兵": "戈、矛、殳、戟、干等兵器；御疏語。", "輕敵": "輕視敵人；魏源從王弼及傅奕改作「無敵」。", "無敵": "天下無與為敵；王弼注、魏源本義就此立說。", "吾寶": "我所珍視的寶；或指身，或指慈，或指三寶。", "三寶": "慈、儉、不敢為天下先；見第六十七章。", "幾": "近也；成玄英訓「盡」。", "抗兵": "舉兵、兩軍相當；抗，舉也。", "相加": "兩軍相向、相當；王弼訓「加，當也」。", "相若": "兩邊多少均齊；李榮語，傅奕經文作「相若」。", "哀者": "懷慈哀之心的一方。", "哀": "慈也；成玄英語。", "佳兵": "魏源語，謂不由慈而發、以兵為美者。", "四別": "成玄英章義所分四重：接物運權、重辯前義、輕敵失道、涉境運智。", "根塵": "成玄英語，六根與六塵。", "兩空": "成玄英語，能所、境智俱空。", "三塗": "成玄英語，地獄、餓鬼、畜生三惡道。", "玄域": "嚴遵語，謂幽深之地。", "威神": "嚴遵語，謂兵為國之威神。", "孫吳": "孫武、吳起；魏源語，謂孫吳制勝之術。", "傅奕": "魏源校記所引傅奕《道德經古本篇》。", "玄德纂疏": "唐道教注疏彙編，存成玄英、唐玄宗、嚴遵、李榮等佚文。", "指歸": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》。", "輯文": "輯錄佚文。", "四部叢刊本": "河上公此章所用底本。" }, "collations": [ { "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "章次與章題", "text": "王弼本無章題。河上公題「玄用第六十九」；成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮、嚴遵、呂惠卿、蘇轍題「用兵有言章第六十九」；陸希聲《道藏》本此章無章題；吳澄合此章與前二章為其第五十七章；魏源合第六十七至六十九章為其第五十八章。本站從王弼本分章。", "source": "河上公《老子道德經章句》、王弼《老子道德經注》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、嚴遵《道德真經指歸》、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "王弼本无章题。河上公题「玄用第六十九」；成玄英、唐玄宗、李荣、严遵、吕惠卿、苏辙题「用兵有言章第六十九」；陆希声《道藏》本此章无章题；吴澄合此章与前二章为其第五十七章；魏源合第六十七至六十九章为其第五十八章。本站从王弼本分章。", "headwordSimp": "章次与章题", "sourceSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》、王弼《老子道德经注》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、严遵《道德真经指归》、李荣《道德真经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》", "id": "k001" }, { "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "分章與合章", "text": "河上公分「用兵有言」以下自為一章，題「玄用第六十九」；吳澄合第六十七、六十八、六十九三章為其第五十七章，此章在其末；魏源亦合三章為其第五十八章，並謂「河上分善為士者以下為第二章，用兵有言以下為第三章，吳澄、姚鼐皆合為一，今從之」。本站從河上公分章，仍以王弼本四句為一章。", "source": "河上公《老子道德經章句》、吳澄《道德真經注》、魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "河上公分「用兵有言」以下自为一章，题「玄用第六十九」；吴澄合第六十七、六十八、六十九三章为其第五十七章，此章在其末；魏源亦合三章为其第五十八章，并谓「河上分善为士者以下为第二章，用兵有言以下为第三章，吴澄、姚鼐皆合为一，今从之」。本站从河上公分章，仍以王弼本四句为一章。", "headwordSimp": "分章与合章", "sourceSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》、吴澄《道德真经注》、魏源《老子本义》", "id": "k002" }, { "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "「用兵有言」與「用兵者有言曰」", "text": "諸本作「用兵有言」；傅奕作「用兵者有言曰」；魏源校記同。本站從王弼作「用兵有言」。", "source": "王弼《老子道德經注》、河上公《老子道德經章句》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": 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"王弼道藏本經文、河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山並作「禍莫大於輕敵，輕敵幾喪吾寶」；魏源從王弼及傅奕作「禍莫大於無敵，無敵幾亡吾寶」，並謂各本皆作「輕敵幾喪吾寶」。王弼注文云「非欲以取强無敵於天下也，不得已而卒至於無敵，斯乃吾之所以為大禍也」，正就「無敵」立說，疑經文原作「無敵」，後人依別本改。本站經文從道藏王弼本作「輕敵」，注文仍存舊釋。", "source": "王弼《老子道德經注》、河上公《老子道德經章句》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "王弼道藏本经文、河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李荣、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、憨山并作「祸莫大于轻敌，轻敌几丧吾宝」；魏源从王弼及傅奕作「祸莫大于无敌，无敌几亡吾宝」，并谓各本皆作「轻敌几丧吾宝」。王弼注文云「非欲以取强无敌于天下也，不得已而卒至于无敌，斯乃吾之所以为大祸也」，正就「无敌」立说，疑经文原作「无敌」，后人依别本改。本站经文从道藏王弼本作「轻敌」，注文仍存旧释。", "headwordSimp": "「轻敌」与「无敌」", "sourceSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》、河上公《老子道德经章句》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、李荣《道德真经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》", "id": "k007" }, { "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "「幾喪」與「幾亡」", "text": "諸本作「幾喪吾寶」；王弼注文作「故曰幾亡吾寶」；魏源從王弼及傅奕作「幾亡吾寶」。本站經文從王弼本作「幾喪」。", "source": "王弼《老子道德經注》、河上公《老子道德經章句》、魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "诸本作「几丧吾宝」；王弼注文作「故曰几亡吾宝」；魏源从王弼及傅奕作「几亡吾宝」。本站经文从王弼本作「几丧」。", "headwordSimp": "「几丧」与「几亡」", "sourceSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》、河上公《老子道德经章句》、魏源《老子本义》", "id": "k008" }, { "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "「輕敵者」與「輕敵」", "text": "蘇轍作「輕敵者幾喪吾寶」，多一「者」字；諸本無「者」字。本站從王弼。", "source": "王弼《老子道德經注》、蘇轍《老子解》", "textSimp": "苏辙作「轻敌者几丧吾宝」，多一「者」字；诸本无「者」字。本站从王弼。", "headwordSimp": "「轻敌者」与「轻敌」", "sourceSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》、苏辙《老子解》", "id": "k009" }, { "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "「相加」與「相若」", "text": "諸本作「抗兵相加」；李榮注文云「多少均齊故云相若」；傅奕經文作「相若」，又下有「則」字；魏源校記同。本站從王弼作「相加」。", "source": "王弼《老子道德經注》、河上公《老子道德經章句》、李榮《道德真經注》、魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "诸本作「抗兵相加」；李荣注文云「多少均齐故云相若」；傅奕经文作「相若」，又下有「则」字；魏源校记同。本站从王弼作「相加」。", "headwordSimp": "「相加」与「相若」", "sourceSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》、河上公《老子道德经章句》、李荣《道德真经注》、魏源《老子本义》", "id": "k010" }, { "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "出處、注數與王夫之俞樾缺佚", "text": "河上公據四部叢刊本；王弼據道藏本；成玄英、唐玄宗御注御疏、嚴遵、李榮據《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引；陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄據《道藏》本卷四；憨山、魏源據公開轉錄本。嚴遵此章《玄德纂疏》存「嚴曰」四則；王夫之《老子衍》公開轉錄本止於第六十六章，此章全闕，經文亦不見；俞樾《諸子平議》此章未列，故均不列。河上公十二條、王弼四條、成玄英章義二則與疏九條、唐玄宗御注七條、御疏九條、嚴遵輯文四條、李榮十條、陸希聲一段、呂惠卿一段、蘇轍六條、吳澄三條、憨山一段（本站分二條）、魏源本義一段與校記一條。", "source": "河上公《老子道德經章句》、王弼《老子道德經注》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、嚴遵《道德真經指歸》、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "河上公据四部丛刊本；王弼据道藏本；成玄英、唐玄宗御注御疏、严遵、李荣据《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引；陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄据《道藏》本卷四；憨山、魏源据公开转录本。严遵此章《玄德纂疏》存「严曰」四则；王夫之《老子衍》公开转录本止于第六十六章，此章全阙，经文亦不见；俞樾《诸子平议》此章未列，故均不列。河上公十二条、王弼四条、成玄英章义二则与疏九条、唐玄宗御注七条、御疏九条、严遵辑文四条、李荣十条、陆希声一段、吕惠卿一段、苏辙六条、吴澄三条、憨山一段（本站分二条）、魏源本义一段与校记一条。", "headwordSimp": "出处、注数与王夫之俞樾缺佚", "sourceSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》、王弼《老子道德经注》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、严遵《道德真经指归》、李荣《道德真经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》", "id": "k011" } ], "glossarySimp": { "玄用第六十九": "河上公本章章题全称。", "用兵有言章": "成玄英、唐玄宗、李荣、严遵、吕惠卿、苏辙本章章题。", "用兵有言章第六十九": "诸家章题全称。", "用兵有言": "用兵的人有此古语；御注谓老君托古陈诫。", "为主": "挑起战端、先举兵的一方。", "为客": "应敌后动的一方。", "主客": "主为先唱先举，客为后应后动。", "进寸": "前进一寸，喻少进；河上公谓侵入境界、利人财宝。", "退尺": "后退一尺，喻多退；河上公谓闭门守城。", "进寸而退尺": "前进一寸、后退一尺，喻宁退勿进；诸家以谦退不争释之。", "行无行": "列阵而行却似无阵可行；末字读杭。", "行陈": "行伍战阵；王弼语。", "攘无臂": "奋臂欲战却似无臂可举。", "攘": "捋袖伸臂，表示愤怒。", "扔无敌": "「扔」通「仍」，就、引；引敌却似无敌可就。", "仍": "就、引；诸本作「仍」，王弼作「扔」。", "执无兵": "手持兵器却似无兵可执。", "五兵": "戈、矛、殳、戟、干等兵器；御疏语。", "轻敌": "轻视敌人；魏源从王弼及傅奕改作「无敌」。", "无敌": "天下无与为敌；王弼注、魏源本义就此立说。", "吾宝": "我所珍视的宝；或指身，或指慈，或指三宝。", "三宝": "慈、俭、不敢为天下先；见第六十七章。", "几": "近也；成玄英训「尽」。", "抗兵": "举兵、两军相当；抗，举也。", "相加": "两军相向、相当；王弼训「加，当也」。", "相若": "两边多少均齐；李荣语，傅奕经文作「相若」。", "哀者": "怀慈哀之心的一方。", "哀": "慈也；成玄英语。", "佳兵": "魏源语，谓不由慈而发、以兵为美者。", "四别": "成玄英章义所分四重：接物运权、重辩前义、轻敌失道、涉境运智。", "根尘": "成玄英语，六根与六尘。", "两空": "成玄英语，能所、境智俱空。", "三涂": "成玄英语，地狱、饿鬼、畜生三恶道。", "玄域": "严遵语，谓幽深之地。", "威神": "严遵语，谓兵为国之威神。", "孙吴": "孙武、吴起；魏源语，谓孙吴制胜之术。", "傅奕": "魏源校记所引傅奕《道德经古本篇》。", "玄德纂疏": "唐道教注疏汇编，存成玄英、唐玄宗、严遵、李荣等佚文。", "指归": "严遵《道德真经指归》。", "辑文": "辑录佚文。", "四部丛刊本": "河上公此章所用底本。" }, "lexicon": { "note": "由构建脚本从字词注与常用字表生成，供义位词典和开放数据集使用；occurrence 统计按繁体与简体正文分别匹配后合并。", "entries": [ { "order": 1, "id": "n001", "noteId": "n001", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "用兵有言", "headwordSimp": "用兵有言", "pinyin": "yòng bīng yǒu yán", "gloss": "用兵的人有此古語。", "glossSimp": "用兵的人有此古语。", "general": "御注謂老君傷時輕殘人於兵、托古陳誡；御疏謂疾時輕敵致禍、樂戰殺人而托古申誡；河上公謂陳用兵之道、疾時用兵而託己設義；李榮謂引古兵法；成玄英謂權智攝化蒼生、修行人用六根涉塵；憨山謂借用兵以明慈德之至。", "generalSimp": "御注谓老君伤时轻残人于兵、托古陈诫；御疏谓疾时轻敌致祸、乐战杀人而托古申诫；河上公谓陈用兵之道、疾时用兵而托己设义；李荣谓引古兵法；成玄英谓权智摄化苍生、修行人用六根涉尘；憨山谓借用兵以明慈德之至。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c001", "c019", "c028", "c035", "c048", "c069" ], "refsSimp": [ "c001", "c019", "c028", "c035", "c048", "c069" ], "forms": [ { "form": "用兵有言", "formSimp": "用兵有言", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 2, "id": "n002", "noteId": "n002", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "為主", "headwordSimp": "为主", "pinyin": "wéi zhǔ", "gloss": "挑起戰端、先舉兵的一方。", "glossSimp": "挑起战端、先举兵的一方。", "general": "河上公謂主先也、先舉兵；御注謂主有動作則生事而貪；御疏謂先唱為主；成玄英謂主我身也；李榮謂在國先舉、在陣先動為主；蘇轍謂主造事者也；吳澄謂主肇兵端以伐人；憨山謂兵主以必爭必殺為主。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓主先也、先举兵；御注谓主有动作则生事而贪；御疏谓先唱为主；成玄英谓主我身也；李荣谓在国先举、在阵先动为主；苏辙谓主造事者也；吴澄谓主肇兵端以伐人；憨山谓兵主以必争必杀为主。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c002", "c020", "c029", "c036", "c049", "c060", "c066", "c069" ], "refsSimp": [ "c002", "c020", "c029", "c036", "c049", "c060", "c066", "c069" ], "forms": [ { "form": "為主", "formSimp": "为主", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 3, "id": "n003", "noteId": "n003", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "為客", "headwordSimp": "为客", "pinyin": "wéi kè", "gloss": "應敵後動的一方。", "glossSimp": "应敌后动的一方。", "general": "河上公謂客者和而不倡、用兵承天而後動；御注謂客無營為、用慈自守；御疏謂後應為客；成玄英謂客前敵也；李榮謂和而不唱、後而不先；蘇轍謂客應敵者也；吳澄謂不得已而應敵；憨山謂客如諸侯應援之師、本無好殺之心。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓客者和而不倡、用兵承天而后动；御注谓客无营为、用慈自守；御疏谓后应为客；成玄英谓客前敌也；李荣谓和而不唱、后而不先；苏辙谓客应敌者也；吴澄谓不得已而应敌；憨山谓客如诸侯应援之师、本无好杀之心。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c003", "c020", "c029", "c036", "c049", "c060", "c066", "c069" ], "refsSimp": [ "c003", "c020", "c029", "c036", "c049", "c060", "c066", "c069" ], "forms": [ { "form": "為客", "formSimp": "为客", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 4, "id": "n004", "noteId": "n004", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "進寸而退尺", "headwordSimp": "进寸而退尺", "pinyin": "jìn cùn ér tuì chǐ", "gloss": "前進一寸、後退一尺，喻寧退勿進。", "glossSimp": "前进一寸、后退一尺，喻宁退勿进。", "general": "河上公以侵人境界為進、閉門守城為退；御注謂進雖少不能無事、退雖多不失謙讓；御疏謂進雖少猶傷於貪、退雖多愈得謙讓；嚴遵謂幸彼還、恐人財殫力屈；李榮謂不以兵强外侵、以積德内守；成玄英寸少況無、尺多況有；蘇轍謂進有意於爭、退無意於爭。", "generalSimp": "河上公以侵人境界为进、闭门守城为退；御注谓进虽少不能无事、退虽多不失谦让；御疏谓进虽少犹伤于贪、退虽多愈得谦让；严遵谓幸彼还、恐人财殚力屈；李荣谓不以兵强外侵、以积德内守；成玄英寸少况无、尺多况有；苏辙谓进有意于争、退无意于争。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c004", "c021", "c029", "c037", "c044", "c050", "c061" ], "refsSimp": [ "c004", "c021", "c029", "c037", "c044", "c050", "c061" ], "forms": [ { "form": "進寸而退尺", "formSimp": "进寸而退尺", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 5, "id": "n005", "noteId": "n005", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "行無行", "headwordSimp": "行无行", "pinyin": "xíng wú háng", "gloss": "列陣而行卻似沒有行列可行；末字讀杭。", "glossSimp": "列阵而行却似没有行列可行；末字读杭。", "general": "王弼謂行謂行陳、言無有與之抗；御注謂為客退尺、雖行應敵與無行同；御疏謂行師在乎止敵、貴乎不爭；河上公謂彼遂不止為天下賊、雖行誅之不行執；李榮謂兵由彼起、應物而行、無心而動；成玄英謂遣蕩有無、洞忘境觀；蘇轍謂無意於爭則用兵與不用均。", "generalSimp": "王弼谓行谓行陈、言无有与之抗；御注谓为客退尺、虽行应敌与无行同；御疏谓行师在乎止敌、贵乎不争；河上公谓彼遂不止为天下贼、虽行诛之不行执；李荣谓兵由彼起、应物而行、无心而动；成玄英谓遣荡有无、洞忘境观；苏辙谓无意于争则用兵与不用均。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c005", "c014", "c022", "c030", "c038", "c051", "c062" ], "refsSimp": [ "c005", "c014", "c022", "c030", "c038", "c051", "c062" ], "forms": [ { "form": "行無行", "formSimp": "行无行", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 6, "id": "n006", "noteId": "n006", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "攘無臂", "headwordSimp": "攘无臂", "pinyin": "rǎng wú bì", "gloss": "奮臂欲戰卻似沒有手臂可舉。", "glossSimp": "奋臂欲战却似没有手臂可举。", "general": "御疏謂攘臂所以表怒、善戰不怒故若無臂；河上公謂雖欲大怒、若無臂可攘；嚴遵謂示不傷人、若無臂而憑怒；李榮謂怒而行兵所以攘臂、為客退尺不假臂以攘；成玄英謂隳肢體故無臂可攘；蘇轍謂苟無意於爭、如無臂可攘。", "generalSimp": "御疏谓攘臂所以表怒、善战不怒故若无臂；河上公谓虽欲大怒、若无臂可攘；严遵谓示不伤人、若无臂而凭怒；李荣谓怒而行兵所以攘臂、为客退尺不假臂以攘；成玄英谓隳肢体故无臂可攘；苏辙谓苟无意于争、如无臂可攘。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c006", "c023", "c039", "c045", "c052", "c063" ], "refsSimp": [ "c006", "c023", "c039", "c045", "c052", "c063" ], "forms": [ { "form": "攘無臂", "formSimp": "攘无臂", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 7, "id": "n007", "noteId": "n007", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "扔無敵", "headwordSimp": "扔无敌", "pinyin": "rēng wú dí", "gloss": "「扔」通「仍」，就、引；引敵卻似沒有敵人可以引對。", "glossSimp": "「扔」通「仍」，就、引；引敌却似没有敌人可以引对。", "general": "王弼注作「扔無敵」；御注、御疏並訓仍為引，謂不爭故若無敵可引；河上公謂雖欲仍引之心、若無敵可仍；李榮謂引彼敵使歸、無敵也；成玄英謂物境空幻、無敵可因；魏源校記謂扔一作仍、此從王弼。", "generalSimp": "王弼注作「扔无敌」；御注、御疏并训仍为引，谓不争故若无敌可引；河上公谓虽欲仍引之心、若无敌可仍；李荣谓引彼敌使归、无敌也；成玄英谓物境空幻、无敌可因；魏源校记谓扔一作仍、此从王弼。", "variants": [ "仍" ], "variantsSimp": [ "仍" ], "refs": [ "c007", "c024", "c031", "c040", "c053", "c063", "c072" ], "refsSimp": [ "c007", "c024", "c031", "c040", "c053", "c063", "c072" ], "forms": [ { "form": "扔無敵", "formSimp": "扔无敌", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 8, "id": "n008", "noteId": "n008", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "執無兵", "headwordSimp": "执无兵", "pinyin": "zhí wú bīng", "gloss": "手持兵器卻似沒有兵器可以執持。", "glossSimp": "手持兵器却似没有兵器可以执持。", "general": "御注謂執兵所以表殺、以慈為主故雖執與無兵同；御疏謂執持兵者將欲殺敵、以慈為主自戢干戈；河上公謂雖欲執持之、若無兵刃可持用，傷彼之民罹罪於天故不忍；李榮謂息兵、刑期無刑；成玄英謂離形去智故無兵可用。", "generalSimp": "御注谓执兵所以表杀、以慈为主故虽执与无兵同；御疏谓执持兵者将欲杀敌、以慈为主自戢干戈；河上公谓虽欲执持之、若无兵刃可持用，伤彼之民罹罪于天故不忍；李荣谓息兵、刑期无刑；成玄英谓离形去智故无兵可用。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c008", "c025", "c032", "c041", "c054", "c063", "c072" ], "refsSimp": [ "c008", "c025", "c032", "c041", "c054", "c063", "c072" ], "forms": [ { "form": "執無兵", "formSimp": "执无兵", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 9, "id": "n009", "noteId": "n009", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "輕敵", "headwordSimp": "轻敌", "pinyin": "qīng dí", "gloss": "輕視敵人。", "glossSimp": "轻视敌人。", "general": "河上公謂欺輕敵家、侵取不休、輕戰貪財則近喪身；王弼注就「無敵」立說，謂不得已而卒至無敵乃大禍；御注謂輕敵則殆喪慈寶；御疏謂輕侮前敵、好事交爭則近喪慈寶；嚴遵謂輕敵者自專、輕敵奸生；李榮謂輕侮前敵則國破人亡；蘇轍謂輕敵則輕戰輕殺人；吳澄謂一有輕敵之心即有殺人喪寶之漸；憨山謂輕敵多殺則傷慈；魏源從王弼及傅奕作「無敵」。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓欺轻敌家、侵取不休、轻战贪财则近丧身；王弼注就「无敌」立说，谓不得已而卒至无敌乃大祸；御注谓轻敌则殆丧慈宝；御疏谓轻侮前敌、好事交争则近丧慈宝；严遵谓轻敌者自专、轻敌奸生；李荣谓轻侮前敌则国破人亡；苏辙谓轻敌则轻战轻杀人；吴澄谓一有轻敌之心即有杀人丧宝之渐；憨山谓轻敌多杀则伤慈；魏源从王弼及傅奕作「无敌」。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c009", "c010", "c026", "c033", "c042", "c046", "c055", "c064", "c067", "c070", "c071", "c072" ], "refsSimp": [ "c009", "c010", "c026", "c033", "c042", "c046", "c055", "c064", "c067", "c070", "c071", "c072" ], "forms": [ { "form": "輕敵", "formSimp": "轻敌", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 10, "id": "n010", "noteId": "n010", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "吾寶", "headwordSimp": "吾宝", "pinyin": "wú bǎo", "gloss": "我所珍視的寶；或指身，或指慈，或指三寶。", "glossSimp": "我所珍视的宝；或指身，或指慈，或指三宝。", "general": "河上公謂寶者身也、欺輕敵者近喪身；王弼謂寶即三寶、故曰幾亡吾寶；御注、御疏謂寶即慈；成玄英謂寶即前章三寶、舍慈而勇故盡喪三寶；嚴遵謂喪自然之寶；李榮以國實人富為得寶、人亡粟盡為失寶；蘇轍謂聖人以慈為寶；吳澄謂喪吾慈寶；憨山謂多殺傷慈故幾喪吾寶。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓宝者身也、欺轻敌者近丧身；王弼谓宝即三宝、故曰几亡吾宝；御注、御疏谓宝即慈；成玄英谓宝即前章三宝、舍慈而勇故尽丧三宝；严遵谓丧自然之宝；李荣以国实人富为得宝、人亡粟尽为失宝；苏辙谓圣人以慈为宝；吴澄谓丧吾慈宝；憨山谓多杀伤慈故几丧吾宝。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c010", "c015", "c026", "c033", "c042", "c046", "c055", "c064", "c067", "c070", "c071" ], "refsSimp": [ "c010", "c015", "c026", "c033", "c042", "c046", "c055", "c064", "c067", "c070", "c071" ], "forms": [ { "form": "吾寶", "formSimp": "吾宝", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 11, "id": "n011", "noteId": "n011", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "抗兵", "headwordSimp": "抗兵", "pinyin": "kàng bīng", "gloss": "舉兵、兩軍相當；抗，舉也。", "glossSimp": "举兵、两军相当；抗，举也。", "general": "王弼謂抗舉也、加當也；御注、御疏並訓抗為舉，謂兩國舉兵以相加；河上公謂兩敵相戰也；李榮謂兩邊舉眾名曰抗兵、多少均齊故云相若；成玄英謂抗舉也、根塵相逼舉眼色等相當；吳澄謂抗舉也。", "generalSimp": "王弼谓抗举也、加当也；御注、御疏并训抗为举，谓两国举兵以相加；河上公谓两敌相战也；李荣谓两边举众名曰抗兵、多少均齐故云相若；成玄英谓抗举也、根尘相逼举眼色等相当；吴澄谓抗举也。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c011", "c016", "c027", "c034", "c043", "c047", "c056", "c057", "c068" ], "refsSimp": [ "c011", "c016", "c027", "c034", "c043", "c047", "c056", "c057", "c068" ], "forms": [ { "form": "抗兵", "formSimp": "抗兵", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 12, "id": "n012", "noteId": "n012", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "哀者", "headwordSimp": "哀者", "pinyin": "āi zhě", "gloss": "懷慈哀之心的一方。", "glossSimp": "怀慈哀之心的一方。", "general": "王弼謂哀者必相惜而不趣利避害、故必勝；御注謂慈哀於人者勝；河上公謂哀者慈仁、士卒不遠於死；嚴遵謂哀慈於人、動得天助；李榮謂慈能制物、哀者勝；蘇轍謂不得已而有哀心、天人助之；吳澄謂哀者慈心之見、慈者不戰而屈之；憨山謂天道好生、助勝於慈。", "generalSimp": "王弼谓哀者必相惜而不趣利避害、故必胜；御注谓慈哀于人者胜；河上公谓哀者慈仁、士卒不远于死；严遵谓哀慈于人、动得天助；李荣谓慈能制物、哀者胜；苏辙谓不得已而有哀心、天人助之；吴澄谓哀者慈心之见、慈者不战而屈之；憨山谓天道好生、助胜于慈。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c012", "c016", "c027", "c034", "c043", "c047", "c056", "c057", "c065", "c068", "c070" ], "refsSimp": [ "c012", "c016", "c027", "c034", "c043", "c047", "c056", "c057", "c065", "c068", "c070" ], "forms": [ { "form": "哀者", "formSimp": "哀者", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 } ], "glossaryEntries": [ { "order": 13, "id": "g001", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "玄用第六十九", "headwordSimp": "玄用第六十九", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "河上公本章章題全稱。", "glossSimp": "河上公本章章题全称。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "玄用第六十九", "formSimp": "玄用第六十九", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 14, "id": "g002", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "用兵有言章", "headwordSimp": "用兵有言章", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮、嚴遵、呂惠卿、蘇轍本章章題。", "glossSimp": "成玄英、唐玄宗、李荣、严遵、吕惠卿、苏辙本章章题。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "用兵有言章", "formSimp": "用兵有言章", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 15, "id": "g003", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "用兵有言章第六十九", "headwordSimp": "用兵有言章第六十九", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "諸家章題全稱。", "glossSimp": "诸家章题全称。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "用兵有言章第六十九", "formSimp": "用兵有言章第六十九", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 16, "id": "g004", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "用兵有言", "headwordSimp": "用兵有言", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "用兵的人有此古語；御注謂老君托古陳誡。", "glossSimp": "用兵的人有此古语；御注谓老君托古陈诫。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "用兵有言", "formSimp": "用兵有言", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 17, "id": "g005", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "為主", "headwordSimp": "为主", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "挑起戰端、先舉兵的一方。", "glossSimp": "挑起战端、先举兵的一方。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "為主", "formSimp": "为主", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 18, "id": "g006", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "為客", "headwordSimp": "为客", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "應敵後動的一方。", "glossSimp": "应敌后动的一方。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "為客", "formSimp": "为客", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 19, "id": "g007", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "主客", "headwordSimp": "主客", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "主為先唱先舉，客為後應後動。", "glossSimp": "主为先唱先举，客为后应后动。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "主客", "formSimp": "主客", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 20, "id": "g008", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "進寸", "headwordSimp": "进寸", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "前進一寸，喻少進；河上公謂侵入境界、利人財寶。", "glossSimp": "前进一寸，喻少进；河上公谓侵入境界、利人财宝。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "進寸", "formSimp": "进寸", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 21, "id": "g009", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "退尺", "headwordSimp": "退尺", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "後退一尺，喻多退；河上公謂閉門守城。", "glossSimp": "后退一尺，喻多退；河上公谓闭门守城。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "退尺", "formSimp": "退尺", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 22, "id": "g010", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "進寸而退尺", "headwordSimp": "进寸而退尺", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "前進一寸、後退一尺，喻寧退勿進；諸家以謙退不爭釋之。", "glossSimp": "前进一寸、后退一尺，喻宁退勿进；诸家以谦退不争释之。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "進寸而退尺", "formSimp": "进寸而退尺", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 23, "id": "g011", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "行無行", "headwordSimp": "行无行", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "列陣而行卻似無陣可行；末字讀杭。", "glossSimp": "列阵而行却似无阵可行；末字读杭。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "行無行", "formSimp": "行无行", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 24, "id": "g012", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "行陳", "headwordSimp": "行陈", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "行伍戰陣；王弼語。", "glossSimp": "行伍战阵；王弼语。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "行陳", "formSimp": "行陈", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 25, "id": "g013", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "攘無臂", "headwordSimp": "攘无臂", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "奮臂欲戰卻似無臂可舉。", "glossSimp": "奋臂欲战却似无臂可举。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "攘無臂", "formSimp": "攘无臂", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 26, "id": "g014", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "攘", "headwordSimp": "攘", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "捋袖伸臂，表示憤怒。", "glossSimp": "捋袖伸臂，表示愤怒。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "攘", "formSimp": "攘", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 27, "id": "g015", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "扔無敵", "headwordSimp": "扔无敌", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "「扔」通「仍」，就、引；引敵卻似無敵可就。", "glossSimp": "「扔」通「仍」，就、引；引敌却似无敌可就。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "扔無敵", "formSimp": "扔无敌", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 28, "id": "g016", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "仍", "headwordSimp": "仍", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "就、引；諸本作「仍」，王弼作「扔」。", "glossSimp": "就、引；诸本作「仍」，王弼作「扔」。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "仍", "formSimp": "仍", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 29, "id": "g017", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "執無兵", "headwordSimp": "执无兵", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "手持兵器卻似無兵可執。", "glossSimp": "手持兵器却似无兵可执。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "執無兵", "formSimp": "执无兵", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 30, "id": "g018", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "五兵", "headwordSimp": "五兵", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "戈、矛、殳、戟、干等兵器；御疏語。", "glossSimp": "戈、矛、殳、戟、干等兵器；御疏语。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "五兵", "formSimp": "五兵", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 31, "id": "g019", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "輕敵", "headwordSimp": "轻敌", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "輕視敵人；魏源從王弼及傅奕改作「無敵」。", "glossSimp": "轻视敌人；魏源从王弼及傅奕改作「无敌」。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "輕敵", "formSimp": "轻敌", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 32, "id": "g020", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "無敵", "headwordSimp": "无敌", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "天下無與為敵；王弼注、魏源本義就此立說。", "glossSimp": "天下无与为敌；王弼注、魏源本义就此立说。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "無敵", "formSimp": "无敌", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 33, "id": "g021", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "吾寶", "headwordSimp": "吾宝", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "我所珍視的寶；或指身，或指慈，或指三寶。", "glossSimp": "我所珍视的宝；或指身，或指慈，或指三宝。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "吾寶", "formSimp": "吾宝", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 34, "id": "g022", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "三寶", "headwordSimp": "三宝", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "慈、儉、不敢為天下先；見第六十七章。", "glossSimp": "慈、俭、不敢为天下先；见第六十七章。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "三寶", "formSimp": "三宝", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 35, "id": "g023", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "幾", "headwordSimp": "几", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "近也；成玄英訓「盡」。", "glossSimp": "近也；成玄英训「尽」。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "幾", "formSimp": "几", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 36, "id": "g024", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "抗兵", "headwordSimp": "抗兵", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "舉兵、兩軍相當；抗，舉也。", "glossSimp": "举兵、两军相当；抗，举也。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "抗兵", "formSimp": "抗兵", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 37, "id": "g025", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "相加", "headwordSimp": "相加", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "兩軍相向、相當；王弼訓「加，當也」。", "glossSimp": "两军相向、相当；王弼训「加，当也」。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "相加", "formSimp": "相加", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 38, "id": "g026", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "相若", "headwordSimp": "相若", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "兩邊多少均齊；李榮語，傅奕經文作「相若」。", "glossSimp": "两边多少均齐；李荣语，傅奕经文作「相若」。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "相若", "formSimp": "相若", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 39, "id": "g027", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "哀者", "headwordSimp": "哀者", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "懷慈哀之心的一方。", "glossSimp": "怀慈哀之心的一方。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "哀者", "formSimp": "哀者", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 40, "id": "g028", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "哀", "headwordSimp": "哀", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "慈也；成玄英語。", "glossSimp": "慈也；成玄英语。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "哀", "formSimp": "哀", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 41, "id": "g029", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "佳兵", "headwordSimp": "佳兵", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "魏源語，謂不由慈而發、以兵為美者。", "glossSimp": "魏源语，谓不由慈而发、以兵为美者。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "佳兵", "formSimp": "佳兵", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 42, "id": "g030", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "四別", "headwordSimp": "四别", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "成玄英章義所分四重：接物運權、重辯前義、輕敵失道、涉境運智。", "glossSimp": "成玄英章义所分四重：接物运权、重辩前义、轻敌失道、涉境运智。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "四別", "formSimp": "四别", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": 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"成玄英語，地獄、餓鬼、畜生三惡道。", "glossSimp": "成玄英语，地狱、饿鬼、畜生三恶道。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "三塗", "formSimp": "三涂", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 46, "id": "g034", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "玄域", "headwordSimp": "玄域", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "嚴遵語，謂幽深之地。", "glossSimp": "严遵语，谓幽深之地。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "玄域", "formSimp": "玄域", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 47, "id": "g035", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "威神", "headwordSimp": "威神", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "嚴遵語，謂兵為國之威神。", "glossSimp": "严遵语，谓兵为国之威神。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "威神", "formSimp": "威神", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 48, "id": "g036", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "孫吳", "headwordSimp": "孙吴", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "孫武、吳起；魏源語，謂孫吳制勝之術。", "glossSimp": "孙武、吴起；魏源语，谓孙吴制胜之术。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "孫吳", "formSimp": "孙吴", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 49, "id": "g037", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "傅奕", "headwordSimp": "傅奕", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "魏源校記所引傅奕《道德經古本篇》。", "glossSimp": "魏源校记所引傅奕《道德经古本篇》。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "傅奕", "formSimp": "傅奕", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 50, "id": "g038", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "玄德纂疏", "headwordSimp": "玄德纂疏", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "唐道教注疏彙編，存成玄英、唐玄宗、嚴遵、李榮等佚文。", "glossSimp": "唐道教注疏汇编，存成玄英、唐玄宗、严遵、李荣等佚文。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "玄德纂疏", "formSimp": "玄德纂疏", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 51, "id": "g039", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "指歸", "headwordSimp": "指归", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》。", "glossSimp": "严遵《道德真经指归》。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "指歸", "formSimp": "指归", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 52, "id": "g040", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "輯文", "headwordSimp": "辑文", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "輯錄佚文。", "glossSimp": "辑录佚文。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "輯文", "formSimp": "辑文", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 53, "id": "g041", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "四部叢刊本", "headwordSimp": "四部丛刊本", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "河上公此章所用底本。", "glossSimp": "河上公此章所用底本。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "四部叢刊本", "formSimp": "四部丛刊本", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 } ] }, "relations": { "version": "1.0.0", "note": "第六十九章四句的十二家對照，為德經第三十二章。河上公此章據四部叢刊本《老子道德經》卷下；王弼據道藏本；成玄英、唐玄宗御注御疏、嚴遵、李榮據《玄德纂疏》卷十八所引；陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄據《道藏》本卷四；憨山、魏源據公開轉錄本。王夫之《老子衍》公開轉錄本止於第六十六章，此章全闕；俞樾《諸子平議》此章未列，故均不列。河上公題「玄用第六十九」；成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮、嚴遵、呂惠卿、蘇轍題「用兵有言章第六十九」，王弼本無章題；吳澄合此章與前二章為其第五十七章；魏源合第六十七至六十九章為其第五十八章。全章四句：首句托古兵家之言，明主客進退之際；次句以行、攘、扔、執四事皆歸於無，明雖用兵而若不用；第三句點出輕敵之禍與吾寶之幾喪；末句以抗兵相當、哀者取勝作結。河上公逐句質釋，以主先客後、承天後動、侵人為進、閉門為退、不怒不仍、傷民罹罪、欺輕敵家、寶身近喪、兩敵相戰、哀者慈仁為說；王弼以謙退哀慈、不敢為物先發端，以行陳無抗釋四無，以無敵為大禍、三寶為吾寶，以抗舉加當、哀者相惜不趣利避害釋末句；成玄英分四別，以根塵兩空、境智雙遣、遣蕩有無、隳肢體、離形去智、染塵致報、能所兩空為說；唐玄宗御注以生事則貪、用慈自守、不與物爭、以慈為主、殆喪慈寶、慈哀者勝立說，御疏申以先唱後應、止敵不爭、攘臂表怒、引敵欲爭、執兵表殺、輕侮前敵、矜哀不求多殺；嚴遵以幸彼還、示不傷人、輕敵自專、哀慈得天助為說；李榮以先舉先動必危、積德内守、兵由彼起、息兵刑期無刑、輕侮前敵國破人亡、慈能制物為說，末復以内明煩惱、智慧方便為解；陸希聲以起戎應敵、進殺退生、慈愛為本、多殺為禍、愛民哀死致勝通釋全章；呂惠卿以道動出於迫、勝以不爭，主逆客順、主勞客逸、進驕退卑、進躁退靜，知主不知客、知進不知退為輕敵立說；蘇轍以造事應敵、有意無意於爭、無意於爭則用兵與不用均、慈寶不可喪、不得已而有哀心為說；吳澄以肇兵端與不得已應敵、進難退易、不為首兵但為應兵、不行不攘不執不仍、一有輕敵之心即有殺人喪寶之漸、慈者不戰而屈之為說；憨山謂此重明不爭之德、以釋三寶以慈為本，兵主必爭必殺、客無好殺之心，身進心不進、輕敵多殺則傷慈、天道好生助慈者勝；魏源合三章為一，謂此章明德之用、以兵明慈，慈則必儉、必不敢為先，即兵家以退為進、以弱為強之道，非為談兵而設，其本義從王弼及傅奕作「無敵」，並謂諸本作「輕敵」者乃孫吳制勝之術。諸家於「為主為客」，或訓先舉後應、或訓我身前敵；於四無，或就兵事說、或就心性說；於「輕敵」與「無敵」，經文與訓釋互異；於「哀者」，或歸於慈仁士卒、或歸於慈心之發，取徑不同。", "concepts": [ { "id": "zhu-ke-jin-tui", "name": "吾不敢為主而為客，不敢進寸而退尺", "nameTrad": "吾不敢為主而為客，不敢進寸而退尺", "question": "用兵何以不敢為主而為客？何以不敢進寸而退尺？", "questionTrad": "用兵何以不敢為主而為客？何以不敢進寸而退尺？", "intro": "此組聚於首句。河上公以主為先、客為和而不倡，謂用兵當承天而後動；以侵入境界、利人財寶為進，閉門守城為退，最重不先舉兵。王弼注僅存「言以謙退哀慈，不敢為物先用」一語，將主客進退收歸於慈與謙。成玄英以主為我身、客為前敵，謂根塵兩空、物我俱幻，既無身之能縁，亦無前塵之可染；又以進取退舍分疏，寸少況無、尺多況有，境智雙遣、有無兩忘，帶有重玄色彩。唐玄宗御注以主有動作則生事而貪、客無營為則用慈自守，善守則全勝、生事則敗亡；進雖少不能無事，退雖多不失謙讓。御疏以先唱為主、後應為客，明古者用兵常有誡令，當以慈自守、不可生事而貪；又以道退守則善勝、進兵取强則敗亡，鄙其競爭故云不敢進寸，尚其慈讓故云而退尺。嚴遵釋退尺曰「幸彼還也，恐人財殫力屈」，語最簡質，蓋以不欲傷人為本。李榮以在國先舉、在陣先動為主，先舉先動則驕盈必危，故不敢為主；和而不唱、後而不先，故言而客；以積德内守釋退尺。陸希聲以起戎為謀、應敵是務分主客，謂進雖少漸近於殺、退雖多轉近於生，引「勇於敢則殺，勇於不敢則活」為證，最切兵事。呂惠卿以主逆客順、主勞客逸、進驕退卑、進躁退靜立說，謂以順待逆、以逸待勞、以卑待驕、以靜待躁皆非所敵，從形勢立論。蘇轍以主造事、客應敵，進有意於爭、退無意於爭，語最簡明。吳澄以主肇兵端、客不得已而應敵，進寸難進、退尺易退，不為首兵但為應兵，雖為應兵亦不欲戰。憨山以兵主如春秋征伐之盟主、客如諸侯應援之師，客本意絕無好殺之心，身進而心不進，是以退心進。魏源謂慈則必不敢為先，即兵家以退為進、以弱為強之道。諸家或就兵事、或就心性、或就形勢，取徑不同，而歸於不先、不貪、以慈自守則一。", "introTrad": "此組聚於首句。河上公以主為先、客為和而不倡，謂用兵當承天而後動；以侵入境界、利人財寶為進，閉門守城為退，最重不先舉兵。王弼注僅存「言以謙退哀慈，不敢為物先用」一語，將主客進退收歸於慈與謙。成玄英以主為我身、客為前敵，謂根塵兩空、物我俱幻，既無身之能縁，亦無前塵之可染；又以進取退舍分疏，寸少況無、尺多況有，境智雙遣、有無兩忘，帶有重玄色彩。唐玄宗御注以主有動作則生事而貪、客無營為則用慈自守，善守則全勝、生事則敗亡；進雖少不能無事，退雖多不失謙讓。御疏以先唱為主、後應為客，明古者用兵常有誡令，當以慈自守、不可生事而貪；又以道退守則善勝、進兵取强則敗亡，鄙其競爭故云不敢進寸，尚其慈讓故云而退尺。嚴遵釋退尺曰「幸彼還也，恐人財殫力屈」，語最簡質，蓋以不欲傷人為本。李榮以在國先舉、在陣先動為主，先舉先動則驕盈必危，故不敢為主；和而不唱、後而不先，故言而客；以積德内守釋退尺。陸希聲以起戎為謀、應敵是務分主客，謂進雖少漸近於殺、退雖多轉近於生，引「勇於敢則殺，勇於不敢則活」為證，最切兵事。呂惠卿以主逆客順、主勞客逸、進驕退卑、進躁退靜立說，謂以順待逆、以逸待勞、以卑待驕、以靜待躁皆非所敵，從形勢立論。蘇轍以主造事、客應敵，進有意於爭、退無意於爭，語最簡明。吳澄以主肇兵端、客不得已而應敵，進寸難進、退尺易退，不為首兵但為應兵，雖為應兵亦不欲戰。憨山以兵主如春秋征伐之盟主、客如諸侯應援之師，客本意絕無好殺之心，身進而心不進，是以退心進。魏源謂慈則必不敢為先，即兵家以退為進、以弱為強之道。諸家或就兵事、或就心性、或就形勢，取徑不同，而歸於不先、不貪、以慈自守則一。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "主先客後，用兵承天而後動；侵人境界為進，閉門守城為退。", "thesisTrad": "主先客後，用兵承天而後動；侵人境界為進，閉門守城為退。", "noteIds": [ "c001", "c002", "c003", "c004" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "主先客后，用兵承天而后动；侵人境界为进，闭门守城为退。" }, "wangbi": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "言以謙退哀慈，不敢為物先用。", "thesisTrad": "言以謙退哀慈，不敢為物先用。", "noteIds": [ "c013" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "言以谦退哀慈，不敢为物先用。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "主我身、客前敵，根塵兩空、物我俱幻；進取退舍，境智雙遣、有無兩忘。", "thesisTrad": "主我身、客前敵，根塵兩空、物我俱幻；進取退舍，境智雙遣、有無兩忘。", "noteIds": [ "c017", "c019", "c020", "c021" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "主我身、客前敌，根尘两空、物我俱幻；进取退舍，境智双遣、有无两忘。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "主有動作則生事而貪，客無營為則用慈自守；進少不能無事，退多不失謙讓。御疏申以先唱後應、以道退守。", "thesisTrad": "主有動作則生事而貪，客無營為則用慈自守；進少不能無事，退多不失謙讓。御疏申以先唱後應、以道退守。", "noteIds": [ "c028", "c029", "c035", "c036", "c037" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "主有动作则生事而贪，客无营为则用慈自守；进少不能无事，退多不失谦让。御疏申以先唱后应、以道退守。" }, "yanzun": { "workType": "輯文", "workTypeTrad": "輯文", "thesis": "幸彼還也，恐人財殫力屈。", "thesisTrad": "幸彼還也，恐人財殫力屈。", "noteIds": [ "c044" ], "workTypeSimp": "辑文", "thesisSimp": "幸彼还也，恐人财殚力屈。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "先舉先動則驕盈必危，故不敢為主；和而不唱、後而不先，故為客；積德内守故退尺。", "thesisTrad": "先舉先動則驕盈必危，故不敢為主；和而不唱、後而不先，故為客；積德内守故退尺。", "noteIds": [ "c048", "c049", "c050" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "先举先动则骄盈必危，故不敢为主；和而不唱、后而不先，故为客；积德内守故退尺。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "起戎為謀、應敵是務；進近於殺、退近於生。", "thesisTrad": "起戎為謀、應敵是務；進近於殺、退近於生。", "noteIds": [ "c058" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "起戎为谋、应敌是务；进近于杀、退近于生。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "主逆客順、主勞客逸、進驕退卑、進躁退靜；以順待逆、以逸待勞，皆非所敵。", "thesisTrad": "主逆客順、主勞客逸、進驕退卑、進躁退靜；以順待逆、以逸待勞，皆非所敵。", "noteIds": [ "c059" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "主逆客顺、主劳客逸、进骄退卑、进躁退静；以顺待逆、以逸待劳，皆非所敌。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "主造事、客應敵；進有意於爭，退無意於爭。", "thesisTrad": "主造事、客應敵；進有意於爭，退無意於爭。", "noteIds": [ "c060", "c061" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "主造事、客应敌；进有意于争，退无意于争。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "主肇兵端，客不得已應敵；進寸難進，退尺易退，不為首兵但為應兵。", "thesisTrad": "主肇兵端，客不得已應敵；進寸難進，退尺易退，不為首兵但為應兵。", "noteIds": [ "c066" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "主肇兵端，客不得已应敌；进寸难进，退尺易退，不为首兵但为应兵。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "兵主以必爭必殺為主，客無好殺之心；身進而心不進，是以退心進。", "thesisTrad": "兵主以必爭必殺為主，客無好殺之心；身進而心不進，是以退心進。", "noteIds": [ "c069" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "兵主以必争必杀为主，客无好杀之心；身进而心不进，是以退心进。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "慈則必不敢為先，即兵家以退為進、以弱為強之道；校記出傅奕「用兵者有言曰」。", "thesisTrad": "慈則必不敢為先，即兵家以退為進、以弱為強之道；校記出傅奕「用兵者有言曰」。", "noteIds": [ "c071", "c072" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "慈则必不敢为先，即兵家以退为进、以弱为强之道；校记出傅奕「用兵者有言曰」。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c001", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公以陳用兵之道、疾時用兵釋首句。", "textTrad": "河上公以陳用兵之道、疾時用兵釋首句。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公以陈用兵之道、疾时用兵释首句。" }, { "noteId": "c002", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "河上公以主先、不敢先舉兵釋為主。", "textTrad": "河上公以主先、不敢先舉兵釋為主。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "河上公以主先、不敢先举兵释为主。" }, { "noteId": "c003", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "河上公以客和而不倡、承天後動釋為客。", "textTrad": "河上公以客和而不倡、承天後動釋為客。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "河上公以客和而不倡、承天后动释为客。" }, { "noteId": "c004", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "河上公以侵人為進、閉門為退釋進退。", "textTrad": "河上公以侵人為進、閉門為退釋進退。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "河上公以侵人为进、闭门为退释进退。" }, { "noteId": "c013", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "王弼以謙退哀慈、不敢為物先總釋。", "textTrad": "王弼以謙退哀慈、不敢為物先總釋。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "王弼以谦退哀慈、不敢为物先总释。" }, { "noteId": "c017", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英章義分全章為四別，首別接物運權。", "textTrad": "成玄英章義分全章為四別，首別接物運權。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英章义分全章为四别，首别接物运权。" }, { "noteId": "c019", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英以權智攝化、六根涉塵釋用兵有言。", "textTrad": "成玄英以權智攝化、六根涉塵釋用兵有言。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英以权智摄化、六根涉尘释用兵有言。" }, { "noteId": "c020", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英以主我身、客前敵、根塵兩空申之。", "textTrad": "成玄英以主我身、客前敵、根塵兩空申之。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英以主我身、客前敌、根尘两空申之。" }, { "noteId": "c021", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英以寸少況無、尺多況有、境智雙遣申之。", "textTrad": "成玄英以寸少況無、尺多況有、境智雙遣申之。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英以寸少况无、尺多况有、境智双遣申之。" }, { "noteId": "c028", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "御注以老君傷時托古陳誡釋用兵有言。", "textTrad": "御注以老君傷時托古陳誡釋用兵有言。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "御注以老君伤时托古陈诫释用兵有言。" }, { "noteId": "c029", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "御注以生事則貪、用慈自守、進少退多分釋。", "textTrad": "御注以生事則貪、用慈自守、進少退多分釋。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "御注以生事则贪、用慈自守、进少退多分释。" }, { "noteId": "c036", "relation": "御疏", "relationTrad": "御疏", "text": "御疏以先唱後應、以慈自守申主客。", "textTrad": "御疏以先唱後應、以慈自守申主客。", "relationSimp": "御疏", "textSimp": "御疏以先唱后应、以慈自守申主客。" }, { "noteId": "c037", "relation": "御疏", "relationTrad": "御疏", "text": "御疏以道退守則善勝、進取强則敗亡申進退。", "textTrad": "御疏以道退守則善勝、進取强則敗亡申進退。", "relationSimp": "御疏", "textSimp": "御疏以道退守则善胜、进取强则败亡申进退。" }, { "noteId": "c044", "relation": "輯文", "relationTrad": "輯文", "text": "嚴遵以幸彼還、恐人財殫力屈釋退尺。", "textTrad": "嚴遵以幸彼還、恐人財殫力屈釋退尺。", "relationSimp": "辑文", "textSimp": "严遵以幸彼还、恐人财殚力屈释退尺。" }, { "noteId": "c048", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮以引古兵法釋用兵有言。", "textTrad": "李榮以引古兵法釋用兵有言。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣以引古兵法释用兵有言。" }, { "noteId": "c049", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮以先舉先動必危、和而不唱釋主客。", "textTrad": "李榮以先舉先動必危、和而不唱釋主客。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣以先举先动必危、和而不唱释主客。" }, { "noteId": "c050", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮以積德内守釋退尺。", "textTrad": "李榮以積德内守釋退尺。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣以积德内守释退尺。" }, { "noteId": "c058", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "陸希聲以起戎應敵、進殺退生通釋。", "textTrad": "陸希聲以起戎應敵、進殺退生通釋。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "陆希声以起戎应敌、进杀退生通释。" }, { "noteId": "c059", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "呂惠卿以主逆客順、進驕退卑立說。", "textTrad": "呂惠卿以主逆客順、進驕退卑立說。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "吕惠卿以主逆客顺、进骄退卑立说。" }, { "noteId": "c060", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "蘇轍以主造事、客應敵分釋。", "textTrad": "蘇轍以主造事、客應敵分釋。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "苏辙以主造事、客应敌分释。" }, { "noteId": "c061", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "蘇轍以進有意於爭、退無意於爭分釋。", "textTrad": "蘇轍以進有意於爭、退無意於爭分釋。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "苏辙以进有意于争、退无意于争分释。" }, { "noteId": "c066", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄以肇兵端、不得已應敵、進難退易申之。", "textTrad": "吳澄以肇兵端、不得已應敵、進難退易申之。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄以肇兵端、不得已应敌、进难退易申之。" }, { "noteId": "c069", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "憨山以兵主必爭、客無好殺、身進心不進申之。", "textTrad": "憨山以兵主必爭、客無好殺、身進心不進申之。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "憨山以兵主必争、客无好杀、身进心不进申之。" }, { "noteId": "c071", "relation": "本義", "relationTrad": "本義", "text": "魏源以慈必不敢為先、兵家以退為進申之。", "textTrad": "魏源以慈必不敢為先、兵家以退為進申之。", "relationSimp": "本义", "textSimp": "魏源以慈必不敢为先、兵家以退为进申之。" }, { "noteId": "c072", "relation": "本義", "relationTrad": "本義", "text": "魏源校記出傅奕「用兵者有言曰」異文。", "textTrad": "魏源校記出傅奕「用兵者有言曰」異文。", "relationSimp": "本义", "textSimp": "魏源校记出傅奕「用兵者有言曰」异文。" } ], "nameSimp": "吾不敢为主而为客，不敢进寸而退尺", "questionSimp": "用兵何以不敢为主而为客？何以不敢进寸而退尺？", "introSimp": "此组聚于首句。河上公以主为先、客为和而不倡，谓用兵当承天而后动；以侵入境界、利人财宝为进，闭门守城为退，最重不先举兵。王弼注仅存「言以谦退哀慈，不敢为物先用」一语，将主客进退收归于慈与谦。成玄英以主为我身、客为前敌，谓根尘两空、物我俱幻，既无身之能縁，亦无前尘之可染；又以进取退舍分疏，寸少况无、尺多况有，境智双遣、有无两忘，带有重玄色彩。唐玄宗御注以主有动作则生事而贪、客无营为则用慈自守，善守则全胜、生事则败亡；进虽少不能无事，退虽多不失谦让。御疏以先唱为主、后应为客，明古者用兵常有诫令，当以慈自守、不可生事而贪；又以道退守则善胜、进兵取强则败亡，鄙其竞争故云不敢进寸，尚其慈让故云而退尺。严遵释退尺曰「幸彼还也，恐人财殚力屈」，语最简质，盖以不欲伤人为本。李荣以在国先举、在阵先动为主，先举先动则骄盈必危，故不敢为主；和而不唱、后而不先，故言而客；以积德内守释退尺。陆希声以起戎为谋、应敌是务分主客，谓进虽少渐近于杀、退虽多转近于生，引「勇于敢则杀，勇于不敢则活」为证，最切兵事。吕惠卿以主逆客顺、主劳客逸、进骄退卑、进躁退静立说，谓以顺待逆、以逸待劳、以卑待骄、以静待躁皆非所敌，从形势立论。苏辙以主造事、客应敌，进有意于争、退无意于争，语最简明。吴澄以主肇兵端、客不得已而应敌，进寸难进、退尺易退，不为首兵但为应兵，虽为应兵亦不欲战。憨山以兵主如春秋征伐之盟主、客如诸侯应援之师，客本意绝无好杀之心，身进而心不进，是以退心进。魏源谓慈则必不敢为先，即兵家以退为进、以弱为强之道。诸家或就兵事、或就心性、或就形势，取径不同，而归于不先、不贪、以慈自守则一。" }, { "id": "si-wu", "name": "是謂行無行，攘無臂，扔無敵，執無兵", "nameTrad": "是謂行無行，攘無臂，扔無敵，執無兵", "question": "行、攘、扔、執四事，何以皆歸於無？", "questionTrad": "行、攘、扔、執四事，何以皆歸於無？", "intro": "此組聚於次句。河上公逐事質釋：彼遂不止為天下賊，雖行誅之而不行執；雖欲大怒而若無臂可攘；雖欲仍引而若無敵可仍；雖欲執持而若無兵刃可用，蓋傷彼之民、罹罪於天，故愍忍哀痛而不忍用。王弼以「行謂行陳」釋行，謂雖行陣而無有與之抗，故行、攘、執、扔四者皆歸於無。成玄英以遣蕩有無、洞忘境觀釋行無行，以隳肢體釋攘無臂，以物境空幻釋仍無敵，以離形去智釋執無兵，純就重玄雙遣立說。唐玄宗御注以為客退尺、不與物爭，雖行應敵與無行同；仍者引也，不爭故若無敵可引；執兵所以表殺，今以慈為主，故雖執與無兵同。御疏申以行師在乎止敵、貴乎不爭；攘臂所以表怒，善戰不怒故若無臂；引敵欲有所爭，以不爭為德則無敵可引；執持兵者將欲殺敵，以慈為主自戢干戈，則雖有兵本無殺意。嚴遵釋攘無臂，謂示不傷人，先發號施令，先服者賞、後服者傷，小下者利、大下者昌，有罪者免、有能者官，若無臂而憑怒。李榮以兵由彼起、我實不行、應物而行、無心而動釋行無行；以不假臂以攘釋攘無臂；以引敵使歸釋仍無敵；以息兵、刑期無刑、慕道自歸釋執無兵。陸希聲以將前趾於順行則若無行可列、將奮臂而先登則若無臂可奮、將操其兵則若無兵、將引其敵則若無敵，四句一一對應。呂惠卿以道常出於无為，故其行常无行、其攘常无臂、其仍常无敵、其執常无兵。蘇轍以無意於爭，則雖用兵與不用均，雖在軍旅如無臂可攘、無敵可因、無兵可執。吳澄以不行則雖有行如無行、不攘則雖有臂如無臂、不執則雖有兵如無兵、不仍之則雖有敵在前如無敵。憨山以無爭心故雖行而如不在行陣、雖攘而若無臂之人，仍者相仍猶就，雖就亦似無敵可對，雖執猶若無兵可揮。魏源以無敵可扔則無列足整、無臂足攘、無兵足執，並校「扔」一作「仍」、二句互易。諸家或訓兵事、或訓心性，而皆以「無」字為眼。", "introTrad": "此組聚於次句。河上公逐事質釋：彼遂不止為天下賊，雖行誅之而不行執；雖欲大怒而若無臂可攘；雖欲仍引而若無敵可仍；雖欲執持而若無兵刃可用，蓋傷彼之民、罹罪於天，故愍忍哀痛而不忍用。王弼以「行謂行陳」釋行，謂雖行陣而無有與之抗，故行、攘、執、扔四者皆歸於無。成玄英以遣蕩有無、洞忘境觀釋行無行，以隳肢體釋攘無臂，以物境空幻釋仍無敵，以離形去智釋執無兵，純就重玄雙遣立說。唐玄宗御注以為客退尺、不與物爭，雖行應敵與無行同；仍者引也，不爭故若無敵可引；執兵所以表殺，今以慈為主，故雖執與無兵同。御疏申以行師在乎止敵、貴乎不爭；攘臂所以表怒，善戰不怒故若無臂；引敵欲有所爭，以不爭為德則無敵可引；執持兵者將欲殺敵，以慈為主自戢干戈，則雖有兵本無殺意。嚴遵釋攘無臂，謂示不傷人，先發號施令，先服者賞、後服者傷，小下者利、大下者昌，有罪者免、有能者官，若無臂而憑怒。李榮以兵由彼起、我實不行、應物而行、無心而動釋行無行；以不假臂以攘釋攘無臂；以引敵使歸釋仍無敵；以息兵、刑期無刑、慕道自歸釋執無兵。陸希聲以將前趾於順行則若無行可列、將奮臂而先登則若無臂可奮、將操其兵則若無兵、將引其敵則若無敵，四句一一對應。呂惠卿以道常出於无為，故其行常无行、其攘常无臂、其仍常无敵、其執常无兵。蘇轍以無意於爭，則雖用兵與不用均，雖在軍旅如無臂可攘、無敵可因、無兵可執。吳澄以不行則雖有行如無行、不攘則雖有臂如無臂、不執則雖有兵如無兵、不仍之則雖有敵在前如無敵。憨山以無爭心故雖行而如不在行陣、雖攘而若無臂之人，仍者相仍猶就，雖就亦似無敵可對，雖執猶若無兵可揮。魏源以無敵可扔則無列足整、無臂足攘、無兵足執，並校「扔」一作「仍」、二句互易。諸家或訓兵事、或訓心性，而皆以「無」字為眼。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "彼遂不止為天下賊，誅之而不行執；不怒、不仍、不持兵刃，愍彼傷民罹罪。", "thesisTrad": "彼遂不止為天下賊，誅之而不行執；不怒、不仍、不持兵刃，愍彼傷民罹罪。", "noteIds": [ "c005", "c006", "c007", "c008" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "彼遂不止为天下贼，诛之而不行执；不怒、不仍、不持兵刃，愍彼伤民罹罪。" }, "wangbi": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "行謂行陳；雖行陣而無有與之抗。", "thesisTrad": "行謂行陳；雖行陣而無有與之抗。", "noteIds": [ "c014" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "行谓行陈；虽行阵而无有与之抗。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "遣蕩有無、洞忘境觀；隳肢體、物境空幻、離形去智。", "thesisTrad": "遣蕩有無、洞忘境觀；隳肢體、物境空幻、離形去智。", "noteIds": [ "c022", "c023", "c024", "c025" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "遣荡有无、洞忘境观；隳肢体、物境空幻、离形去智。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "為客退尺、不與物爭故行如無行；不爭故無敵可引；以慈為主故執與無兵同。御疏申以止敵不爭、攘臂表怒、引敵欲爭、執兵表殺。", "thesisTrad": "為客退尺、不與物爭故行如無行；不爭故無敵可引；以慈為主故執與無兵同。御疏申以止敵不爭、攘臂表怒、引敵欲爭、執兵表殺。", "noteIds": [ "c030", "c031", "c032", "c038", "c039", "c040", "c041" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "为客退尺、不与物争故行如无行；不争故无敌可引；以慈为主故执与无兵同。御疏申以止敌不争、攘臂表怒、引敌欲争、执兵表杀。" }, "yanzun": { "workType": "輯文", "workTypeTrad": "輯文", "thesis": "示不傷人；先服者賞、後服者傷；若無臂而憑怒。", "thesisTrad": "示不傷人；先服者賞、後服者傷；若無臂而憑怒。", "noteIds": [ "c045" ], "workTypeSimp": "辑文", "thesisSimp": "示不伤人；先服者赏、后服者伤；若无臂而凭怒。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "兵由彼起，應物而行、無心而動；不假臂以攘；引敵使歸；息兵刑期無刑。", "thesisTrad": "兵由彼起，應物而行、無心而動；不假臂以攘；引敵使歸；息兵刑期無刑。", "noteIds": [ "c051", "c052", "c053", "c054" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "兵由彼起，应物而行、无心而动；不假臂以攘；引敌使归；息兵刑期无刑。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "若無行可列、無臂可奮、無兵、無敵，四句一一對應。", "thesisTrad": "若無行可列、無臂可奮、無兵、無敵，四句一一對應。", "noteIds": [ "c058" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "若无行可列、无臂可奋、无兵、无敌，四句一一对应。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "道常出於无為，故行常无行、攘常无臂、仍常无敵、執常无兵。", "thesisTrad": "道常出於无為，故行常无行、攘常无臂、仍常无敵、執常无兵。", "noteIds": [ "c059" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "道常出于无为，故行常无行、攘常无臂、仍常无敌、执常无兵。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "無意於爭，則雖用兵與不用均，雖在軍旅如無臂、無敵、無兵。", "thesisTrad": "無意於爭，則雖用兵與不用均，雖在軍旅如無臂、無敵、無兵。", "noteIds": [ "c062", "c063" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "无意于争，则虽用兵与不用均，虽在军旅如无臂、无敌、无兵。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "不行不攘不執不仍，則雖有行臂兵敵如無。", "thesisTrad": "不行不攘不執不仍，則雖有行臂兵敵如無。", "noteIds": [ "c066" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "不行不攘不执不仍，则虽有行臂兵敌如无。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "無爭心故雖行如不在行陣，雖攘若無臂，雖就若無敵，雖執若無兵。", "thesisTrad": "無爭心故雖行如不在行陣，雖攘若無臂，雖就若無敵，雖執若無兵。", "noteIds": [ "c069" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "无争心故虽行如不在行阵，虽攘若无臂，虽就若无敌，虽执若无兵。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "無敵可扔則無列足整、無臂足攘、無兵足執；校記「扔」一作「仍」、二句互易。", "thesisTrad": "無敵可扔則無列足整、無臂足攘、無兵足執；校記「扔」一作「仍」、二句互易。", "noteIds": [ "c071", "c072" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "无敌可扔则无列足整、无臂足攘、无兵足执；校记「扔」一作「仍」、二句互易。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c005", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "河上公以彼遂不止、誅而不執釋行無行。", "textTrad": "河上公以彼遂不止、誅而不執釋行無行。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "河上公以彼遂不止、诛而不执释行无行。" }, { "noteId": "c006", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "河上公以雖怒若無臂釋攘無臂。", "textTrad": "河上公以雖怒若無臂釋攘無臂。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "河上公以虽怒若无臂释攘无臂。" }, { "noteId": "c007", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "河上公以雖引若無敵釋仍無敵。", "textTrad": "河上公以雖引若無敵釋仍無敵。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "河上公以虽引若无敌释仍无敌。" }, { "noteId": "c008", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "河上公以傷民罹罪、不忍持兵釋執無兵。", "textTrad": "河上公以傷民罹罪、不忍持兵釋執無兵。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "河上公以伤民罹罪、不忍持兵释执无兵。" }, { "noteId": "c014", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "王弼以行陳無抗總釋四無。", "textTrad": "王弼以行陳無抗總釋四無。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "王弼以行陈无抗总释四无。" }, { "noteId": "c022", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英以遣蕩有無、洞忘境觀釋行無行。", "textTrad": "成玄英以遣蕩有無、洞忘境觀釋行無行。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英以遣荡有无、洞忘境观释行无行。" }, { "noteId": "c023", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英以隳肢體釋攘無臂。", "textTrad": "成玄英以隳肢體釋攘無臂。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英以隳肢体释攘无臂。" }, { "noteId": "c024", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英以物境空幻釋仍無敵。", "textTrad": "成玄英以物境空幻釋仍無敵。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英以物境空幻释仍无敌。" }, { "noteId": "c025", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英以離形去智釋執無兵。", "textTrad": "成玄英以離形去智釋執無兵。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英以离形去智释执无兵。" }, { "noteId": "c030", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "御注以不與物爭、行如無行申之。", "textTrad": "御注以不與物爭、行如無行申之。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "御注以不与物争、行如无行申之。" }, { "noteId": "c031", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "御注以不爭故無敵可引申之。", "textTrad": "御注以不爭故無敵可引申之。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "御注以不争故无敌可引申之。" }, { "noteId": "c032", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "御注以慈為主、執與無兵同申之。", "textTrad": "御注以慈為主、執與無兵同申之。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "御注以慈为主、执与无兵同申之。" }, { "noteId": "c038", "relation": "御疏", "relationTrad": "御疏", "text": "御疏以止敵不爭轉深。", "textTrad": "御疏以止敵不爭轉深。", "relationSimp": "御疏", "textSimp": "御疏以止敌不争转深。" }, { "noteId": "c039", "relation": "御疏", "relationTrad": "御疏", "text": "御疏以攘臂表怒、善戰不怒申攘無臂。", "textTrad": "御疏以攘臂表怒、善戰不怒申攘無臂。", "relationSimp": "御疏", "textSimp": "御疏以攘臂表怒、善战不怒申攘无臂。" }, { "noteId": "c040", "relation": "御疏", "relationTrad": "御疏", "text": "御疏以引敵欲爭、以不爭為德申仍無敵。", "textTrad": "御疏以引敵欲爭、以不爭為德申仍無敵。", "relationSimp": "御疏", "textSimp": "御疏以引敌欲争、以不争为德申仍无敌。" }, { "noteId": "c041", "relation": "御疏", "relationTrad": "御疏", "text": "御疏以執兵表殺、自戢干戈申執無兵。", "textTrad": "御疏以執兵表殺、自戢干戈申執無兵。", "relationSimp": "御疏", "textSimp": "御疏以执兵表杀、自戢干戈申执无兵。" }, { "noteId": "c045", "relation": "輯文", "relationTrad": "輯文", "text": "嚴遵以示不傷人、若無臂而憑怒釋攘無臂。", "textTrad": "嚴遵以示不傷人、若無臂而憑怒釋攘無臂。", "relationSimp": "辑文", "textSimp": "严遵以示不伤人、若无臂而凭怒释攘无臂。" }, { "noteId": "c051", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮以應物而行、無心而動釋行無行。", "textTrad": "李榮以應物而行、無心而動釋行無行。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣以应物而行、无心而动释行无行。" }, { "noteId": "c052", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮以不假臂以攘釋攘無臂。", "textTrad": "李榮以不假臂以攘釋攘無臂。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣以不假臂以攘释攘无臂。" }, { "noteId": "c053", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮以引敵使歸釋仍無敵。", "textTrad": "李榮以引敵使歸釋仍無敵。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣以引敌使归释仍无敌。" }, { "noteId": "c054", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮以息兵、刑期無刑釋執無兵。", "textTrad": "李榮以息兵、刑期無刑釋執無兵。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣以息兵、刑期无刑释执无兵。" }, { "noteId": "c058", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "陸希聲以四無一一對應。", "textTrad": "陸希聲以四無一一對應。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "陆希声以四无一一对应。" }, { "noteId": "c059", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "呂惠卿以无為一貫申四無。", "textTrad": "呂惠卿以无為一貫申四無。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "吕惠卿以无为一贯申四无。" }, { "noteId": "c062", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "蘇轍以無意於爭、用兵與不用均申行無行。", "textTrad": "蘇轍以無意於爭、用兵與不用均申行無行。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "苏辙以无意于争、用兵与不用均申行无行。" }, { "noteId": "c063", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "蘇轍以無臂、無敵、無兵申三無。", "textTrad": "蘇轍以無臂、無敵、無兵申三無。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "苏辙以无臂、无敌、无兵申三无。" }, { "noteId": "c066", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄以不行不攘不執不仍申四無。", "textTrad": "吳澄以不行不攘不執不仍申四無。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄以不行不攘不执不仍申四无。" }, { "noteId": "c069", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "憨山以無爭心申四無。", "textTrad": "憨山以無爭心申四無。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "憨山以无争心申四无。" }, { "noteId": "c071", "relation": "本義", "relationTrad": "本義", "text": "魏源以無敵可扔、無列無臂無兵申之。", "textTrad": "魏源以無敵可扔、無列無臂無兵申之。", "relationSimp": "本义", "textSimp": "魏源以无敌可扔、无列无臂无兵申之。" }, { "noteId": "c072", "relation": "本義", "relationTrad": "本義", "text": "魏源校記出「扔」「仍」與二句互易異文。", "textTrad": "魏源校記出「扔」「仍」與二句互易異文。", "relationSimp": "本义", "textSimp": "魏源校记出「扔」「仍」与二句互易异文。" } ], "nameSimp": "是谓行无行，攘无臂，扔无敌，执无兵", "questionSimp": "行、攘、扔、执四事，何以皆归于无？", "introSimp": "此组聚于次句。河上公逐事质释：彼遂不止为天下贼，虽行诛之而不行执；虽欲大怒而若无臂可攘；虽欲仍引而若无敌可仍；虽欲执持而若无兵刃可用，盖伤彼之民、罹罪于天，故愍忍哀痛而不忍用。王弼以「行谓行陈」释行，谓虽行阵而无有与之抗，故行、攘、执、扔四者皆归于无。成玄英以遣荡有无、洞忘境观释行无行，以隳肢体释攘无臂，以物境空幻释仍无敌，以离形去智释执无兵，纯就重玄双遣立说。唐玄宗御注以为客退尺、不与物争，虽行应敌与无行同；仍者引也，不争故若无敌可引；执兵所以表杀，今以慈为主，故虽执与无兵同。御疏申以行师在乎止敌、贵乎不争；攘臂所以表怒，善战不怒故若无臂；引敌欲有所争，以不争为德则无敌可引；执持兵者将欲杀敌，以慈为主自戢干戈，则虽有兵本无杀意。严遵释攘无臂，谓示不伤人，先发号施令，先服者赏、后服者伤，小下者利、大下者昌，有罪者免、有能者官，若无臂而凭怒。李荣以兵由彼起、我实不行、应物而行、无心而动释行无行；以不假臂以攘释攘无臂；以引敌使归释仍无敌；以息兵、刑期无刑、慕道自归释执无兵。陆希声以将前趾于顺行则若无行可列、将奋臂而先登则若无臂可奋、将操其兵则若无兵、将引其敌则若无敌，四句一一对应。吕惠卿以道常出于无为，故其行常无行、其攘常无臂、其仍常无敌、其执常无兵。苏辙以无意于争，则虽用兵与不用均，虽在军旅如无臂可攘、无敌可因、无兵可执。吴澄以不行则虽有行如无行、不攘则虽有臂如无臂、不执则虽有兵如无兵、不仍之则虽有敌在前如无敌。憨山以无争心故虽行而如不在行阵、虽攘而若无臂之人，仍者相仍犹就，虽就亦似无敌可对，虽执犹若无兵可挥。魏源以无敌可扔则无列足整、无臂足攘、无兵足执，并校「扔」一作「仍」、二句互易。诸家或训兵事、或训心性，而皆以「无」字为眼。" }, { "id": "qing-di-yu-wu-bao", "name": "禍莫大於輕敵，輕敵幾喪吾寶", "nameTrad": "禍莫大於輕敵，輕敵幾喪吾寶", "question": "輕敵何以成為大禍？「吾寶」何所指？", "questionTrad": "輕敵何以成為大禍？「吾寶」何所指？", "intro": "此組聚於第三句。河上公以禍亂之害莫大於欺輕敵家、侵取不休、輕戰貪財；寶者身也，欺輕敵者近喪身，語最質實。王弼注則以「無敵」立說：吾哀慈謙退，非欲以取强無敵於天下，不得已而卒至於無敵，斯乃吾之所以為大禍，寶即三寶，故曰幾亡吾寶；其注與道藏本經文「輕敵」不合，是本章一大異文。成玄英以侮敵為輕凌前境，輕染諸塵致三塗之報，故成大禍；幾者盡也，寶即前章三寶，舍慈而勇謂之侮敵，招之巨釁故盡喪三寶。唐玄宗御注以輕敵則殆喪吾以慈之寶；御疏以幾為近、亡為失、寶謂慈，輕侮前敵、好事交爭則近喪慈寶，且失慈以戰則敗亡、以守則離散。嚴遵以輕敵者自專，戰雖萬全不可輕易敵人，輕敵則奸生、失利、福去禍來，是喪自然之寶。李榮以兵主於殺不可常行於有事，若退失無為之道、進無靜寇之兵，輕侮前敵則國破人亡；國實人富、主聖臣賢是名得寶，人亡粟盡、臣辱主危則失吾寶。陸希聲以無敵於天下者是戰而勝，戰而勝者必多殺人，多殺人者莫大之禍，則近於喪吾所寶之慈；然本以慈愛不樂殺人，不得已而至無敵，非其本志，猶未大失，故曰幾亡。呂惠卿以知主不知客、知進不知退是謂輕敵，輕敵則三寶保而持之者幾於喪。蘇轍以聖人以慈為寶，輕敵則輕戰、輕戰則輕殺人，喪其所以為慈。吳澄以行三軍臨事而懼、不敢輕敵，輕敵則輕戰以至殺人而喪慈寶，雖未進戰，一有輕敵之心即已有殺人喪寶之漸。憨山以輕敵則多殺、多殺則傷慈，故幾喪吾寶。魏源逕改經文為「禍莫大於無敵，無敵幾亡吾寶」，謂兵至無敵於天下則殺人必多、乃禍莫大焉，並謂諸本作「輕敵」者直孫吳制勝之術，不足語太上慈哀之教。諸家於「輕敵」與「無敵」、於「寶」之為身、為慈、為三寶，解各不同，而歸於戒殺傷慈則一。", "introTrad": "此組聚於第三句。河上公以禍亂之害莫大於欺輕敵家、侵取不休、輕戰貪財；寶者身也，欺輕敵者近喪身，語最質實。王弼注則以「無敵」立說：吾哀慈謙退，非欲以取强無敵於天下，不得已而卒至於無敵，斯乃吾之所以為大禍，寶即三寶，故曰幾亡吾寶；其注與道藏本經文「輕敵」不合，是本章一大異文。成玄英以侮敵為輕凌前境，輕染諸塵致三塗之報，故成大禍；幾者盡也，寶即前章三寶，舍慈而勇謂之侮敵，招之巨釁故盡喪三寶。唐玄宗御注以輕敵則殆喪吾以慈之寶；御疏以幾為近、亡為失、寶謂慈，輕侮前敵、好事交爭則近喪慈寶，且失慈以戰則敗亡、以守則離散。嚴遵以輕敵者自專，戰雖萬全不可輕易敵人，輕敵則奸生、失利、福去禍來，是喪自然之寶。李榮以兵主於殺不可常行於有事，若退失無為之道、進無靜寇之兵，輕侮前敵則國破人亡；國實人富、主聖臣賢是名得寶，人亡粟盡、臣辱主危則失吾寶。陸希聲以無敵於天下者是戰而勝，戰而勝者必多殺人，多殺人者莫大之禍，則近於喪吾所寶之慈；然本以慈愛不樂殺人，不得已而至無敵，非其本志，猶未大失，故曰幾亡。呂惠卿以知主不知客、知進不知退是謂輕敵，輕敵則三寶保而持之者幾於喪。蘇轍以聖人以慈為寶，輕敵則輕戰、輕戰則輕殺人，喪其所以為慈。吳澄以行三軍臨事而懼、不敢輕敵，輕敵則輕戰以至殺人而喪慈寶，雖未進戰，一有輕敵之心即已有殺人喪寶之漸。憨山以輕敵則多殺、多殺則傷慈，故幾喪吾寶。魏源逕改經文為「禍莫大於無敵，無敵幾亡吾寶」，謂兵至無敵於天下則殺人必多、乃禍莫大焉，並謂諸本作「輕敵」者直孫吳制勝之術，不足語太上慈哀之教。諸家於「輕敵」與「無敵」、於「寶」之為身、為慈、為三寶，解各不同，而歸於戒殺傷慈則一。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "禍亂之害莫大於欺輕敵家、侵取不休、輕戰貪財；寶者身也，近喪身。", "thesisTrad": "禍亂之害莫大於欺輕敵家、侵取不休、輕戰貪財；寶者身也，近喪身。", "noteIds": [ "c009", "c010" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "祸乱之害莫大于欺轻敌家、侵取不休、轻战贪财；宝者身也，近丧身。" }, "wangbi": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "非欲取强無敵於天下，不得已而卒至無敵，斯乃大禍；寶即三寶。", "thesisTrad": "非欲取强無敵於天下，不得已而卒至無敵，斯乃大禍；寶即三寶。", "noteIds": [ "c015" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "非欲取强无敌于天下，不得已而卒至无敌，斯乃大祸；宝即三宝。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "侮敵輕凌前境，染塵致三塗之報；幾者盡也，盡喪三寶。", "thesisTrad": "侮敵輕凌前境，染塵致三塗之報；幾者盡也，盡喪三寶。", "noteIds": [ "c026" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "侮敌轻凌前境，染尘致三涂之报；几者尽也，尽丧三宝。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "輕敵則殆喪慈寶；失慈以戰則敗亡、以守則離散。", "thesisTrad": "輕敵則殆喪慈寶；失慈以戰則敗亡、以守則離散。", "noteIds": [ "c033", "c042" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "轻敌则殆丧慈宝；失慈以战则败亡、以守则离散。" }, "yanzun": { "workType": "輯文", "workTypeTrad": "輯文", "thesis": "輕敵者自專，戰雖萬全不可輕易敵人；輕敵奸生，喪自然之寶。", "thesisTrad": "輕敵者自專，戰雖萬全不可輕易敵人；輕敵奸生，喪自然之寶。", "noteIds": [ "c046" ], "workTypeSimp": "辑文", "thesisSimp": "轻敌者自专，战虽万全不可轻易敌人；轻敌奸生，丧自然之宝。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "輕侮前敵則國破人亡；得寶失寶之辨。", "thesisTrad": "輕侮前敵則國破人亡；得寶失寶之辨。", "noteIds": [ "c055" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "轻侮前敌则国破人亡；得宝失宝之辨。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "無敵而勝必多殺人，多殺人者莫大之禍；然非本志，故曰幾亡。", "thesisTrad": "無敵而勝必多殺人，多殺人者莫大之禍；然非本志，故曰幾亡。", "noteIds": [ "c058" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "无敌而胜必多杀人，多杀人者莫大之祸；然非本志，故曰几亡。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "知主不知客、知進不知退是謂輕敵；三寶幾於喪。", "thesisTrad": "知主不知客、知進不知退是謂輕敵；三寶幾於喪。", "noteIds": [ "c059" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "知主不知客、知进不知退是谓轻敌；三宝几于丧。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "以慈為寶，輕敵則輕戰輕殺人而喪慈。", "thesisTrad": "以慈為寶，輕敵則輕戰輕殺人而喪慈。", "noteIds": [ "c064" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "以慈为宝，轻敌则轻战轻杀人而丧慈。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "一有輕敵之心即已有殺人喪寶之漸。", "thesisTrad": "一有輕敵之心即已有殺人喪寶之漸。", "noteIds": [ "c067" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "一有轻敌之心即已有杀人丧宝之渐。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "輕敵則多殺，多殺則傷慈，故幾喪吾寶。", "thesisTrad": "輕敵則多殺，多殺則傷慈，故幾喪吾寶。", "noteIds": [ "c070" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "轻敌则多杀，多杀则伤慈，故几丧吾宝。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "從王弼及傅奕作「無敵」；兵至無敵則殺人必多，乃禍莫大焉；諸本作「輕敵」者乃孫吳之術。", "thesisTrad": "從王弼及傅奕作「無敵」；兵至無敵則殺人必多，乃禍莫大焉；諸本作「輕敵」者乃孫吳之術。", "noteIds": [ "c071", "c072" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "从王弼及傅奕作「无敌」；兵至无敌则杀人必多，乃祸莫大焉；诸本作「轻敌」者乃孙吴之术。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c009", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "河上公以欺輕敵家、輕戰貪財釋禍莫大。", "textTrad": "河上公以欺輕敵家、輕戰貪財釋禍莫大。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "河上公以欺轻敌家、轻战贪财释祸莫大。" }, { "noteId": "c010", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "河上公以寶為身、近喪身釋幾喪吾寶。", "textTrad": "河上公以寶為身、近喪身釋幾喪吾寶。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "河上公以宝为身、近丧身释几丧吾宝。" }, { "noteId": "c015", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "王弼以無敵為大禍、三寶為吾寶申之。", "textTrad": "王弼以無敵為大禍、三寶為吾寶申之。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "王弼以无敌为大祸、三宝为吾宝申之。" }, { "noteId": "c026", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英以侮敵染塵、盡喪三寶申之。", "textTrad": "成玄英以侮敵染塵、盡喪三寶申之。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英以侮敌染尘、尽丧三宝申之。" }, { "noteId": "c033", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "御注以輕敵殆喪慈寶申之。", "textTrad": "御注以輕敵殆喪慈寶申之。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "御注以轻敌殆丧慈宝申之。" }, { "noteId": "c042", "relation": "御疏", "relationTrad": "御疏", "text": "御疏以輕侮前敵、失慈敗亡轉深。", "textTrad": "御疏以輕侮前敵、失慈敗亡轉深。", "relationSimp": "御疏", "textSimp": "御疏以轻侮前敌、失慈败亡转深。" }, { "noteId": "c046", "relation": "輯文", "relationTrad": "輯文", "text": "嚴遵以輕敵自專、喪自然之寶申之。", "textTrad": "嚴遵以輕敵自專、喪自然之寶申之。", "relationSimp": "辑文", "textSimp": "严遵以轻敌自专、丧自然之宝申之。" }, { "noteId": "c055", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮以國破人亡、失寶申之。", "textTrad": "李榮以國破人亡、失寶申之。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣以国破人亡、失宝申之。" }, { "noteId": "c058", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "陸希聲以多殺為禍、非本志故曰幾亡申之。", "textTrad": "陸希聲以多殺為禍、非本志故曰幾亡申之。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "陆希声以多杀为祸、非本志故曰几亡申之。" }, { "noteId": "c059", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "呂惠卿以知主知進之偏為輕敵申之。", "textTrad": "呂惠卿以知主知進之偏為輕敵申之。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "吕惠卿以知主知进之偏为轻敌申之。" }, { "noteId": "c064", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "蘇轍以慈寶、輕戰輕殺申之。", "textTrad": "蘇轍以慈寶、輕戰輕殺申之。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "苏辙以慈宝、轻战轻杀申之。" }, { "noteId": "c067", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄以輕敵之心為喪寶之漸申之。", "textTrad": "吳澄以輕敵之心為喪寶之漸申之。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄以轻敌之心为丧宝之渐申之。" }, { "noteId": "c070", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "憨山以多殺傷慈釋幾喪吾寶。", "textTrad": "憨山以多殺傷慈釋幾喪吾寶。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "憨山以多杀伤慈释几丧吾宝。" }, { "noteId": "c071", "relation": "本義", "relationTrad": "本義", "text": "魏源以無敵則殺人多為大禍立說。", "textTrad": "魏源以無敵則殺人多為大禍立說。", "relationSimp": "本义", "textSimp": "魏源以无敌则杀人多为大祸立说。" }, { "noteId": "c072", "relation": "本義", "relationTrad": "本義", "text": "魏源校記出「無敵」與「輕敵」異文。", "textTrad": "魏源校記出「無敵」與「輕敵」異文。", "relationSimp": "本义", "textSimp": "魏源校记出「无敌」与「轻敌」异文。" } ], "nameSimp": "祸莫大于轻敌，轻敌几丧吾宝", "questionSimp": "轻敌何以成为大祸？「吾宝」何所指？", "introSimp": "此组聚于第三句。河上公以祸乱之害莫大于欺轻敌家、侵取不休、轻战贪财；宝者身也，欺轻敌者近丧身，语最质实。王弼注则以「无敌」立说：吾哀慈谦退，非欲以取强无敌于天下，不得已而卒至于无敌，斯乃吾之所以为大祸，宝即三宝，故曰几亡吾宝；其注与道藏本经文「轻敌」不合，是本章一大异文。成玄英以侮敌为轻凌前境，轻染诸尘致三涂之报，故成大祸；几者尽也，宝即前章三宝，舍慈而勇谓之侮敌，招之巨衅故尽丧三宝。唐玄宗御注以轻敌则殆丧吾以慈之宝；御疏以几为近、亡为失、宝谓慈，轻侮前敌、好事交争则近丧慈宝，且失慈以战则败亡、以守则离散。严遵以轻敌者自专，战虽万全不可轻易敌人，轻敌则奸生、失利、福去祸来，是丧自然之宝。李荣以兵主于杀不可常行于有事，若退失无为之道、进无静寇之兵，轻侮前敌则国破人亡；国实人富、主圣臣贤是名得宝，人亡粟尽、臣辱主危则失吾宝。陆希声以无敌于天下者是战而胜，战而胜者必多杀人，多杀人者莫大之祸，则近于丧吾所宝之慈；然本以慈爱不乐杀人，不得已而至无敌，非其本志，犹未大失，故曰几亡。吕惠卿以知主不知客、知进不知退是谓轻敌，轻敌则三宝保而持之者几于丧。苏辙以圣人以慈为宝，轻敌则轻战、轻战则轻杀人，丧其所以为慈。吴澄以行三军临事而惧、不敢轻敌，轻敌则轻战以至杀人而丧慈宝，虽未进战，一有轻敌之心即已有杀人丧宝之渐。憨山以轻敌则多杀、多杀则伤慈，故几丧吾宝。魏源迳改经文为「祸莫大于无敌，无敌几亡吾宝」，谓兵至无敌于天下则杀人必多、乃祸莫大焉，并谓诸本作「轻敌」者直孙吴制胜之术，不足语太上慈哀之教。诸家于「轻敌」与「无敌」、于「宝」之为身、为慈、为三宝，解各不同，而归于戒杀伤慈则一。" }, { "id": "kang-bing-ai-zhe", "name": "故抗兵相加，哀者勝矣", "nameTrad": "故抗兵相加，哀者勝矣", "question": "兩軍相當，何以哀者能勝？", "questionTrad": "兩軍相當，何以哀者能勝？", "intro": "此組聚於末句。河上公以抗兵為兩敵相戰，哀者慈仁、士卒不遠於死，故勝；語最簡質。王弼以抗為舉、加為當，哀者必相惜而不趣利避害，故必勝，從人情立說。成玄英以若為當、哀為慈、抗為舉，謂根塵相逼、舉眼色等相當，以大慈之心虚察前境，則能所兩空、物我清净，一切諸法皆成勝妙，純就重玄為說。唐玄宗御注以兩國舉兵相加，慈哀於人者勝；御疏申以其君用道、其將以慈，矜哀於人、不求多殺者獲勝。嚴遵以人主為國之腹心、兵為國之威神，隱之玄域、不得已而後行，喻我豪俊、悦我士卒、哀慈於人，動得天助。李榮以兩邊舉眾名曰抗兵，多少均齊故云相若，輕敵無備、貪而好殺者劣，靜必依道、動必以律、不失於慈則哀者勝；末復以内明煩惱多端、非智不破，智慧煩惱二種恒隨如抗兵相若，方便用智而不失慈悲則哀者勝。陸希聲以舉兵相加、勝負未定，能愛其民則必全其勝；愛其民者必哀其死，民知君之哀民之死，必反哀君之亡，故相率用命以致勝，始以愛民為本、終以哀死致勝，最為委曲。呂惠卿以惟以不爭為勝者莫能勝之。蘇轍以兩敵相加出於不得已則有哀心，哀心見而天人助之，雖欲不勝不可得。吳澄以抗為舉、哀者慈心之見，引蘇氏語而申之曰慈者之勝不慈，非戰而敗之，不戰而屈之即勝。憨山以抗兵乃兩敵相當、難於決勝，但有慈心哀之者則自勝，天道好生、助勝於慈。魏源以哀者慈心之所發，故天衛之而必勝，惟哀而後可以言勝。諸家皆以「哀」為慈心之發，而或就兵事、或就治道、或就天人相感，取徑不同。", "introTrad": "此組聚於末句。河上公以抗兵為兩敵相戰，哀者慈仁、士卒不遠於死，故勝；語最簡質。王弼以抗為舉、加為當，哀者必相惜而不趣利避害，故必勝，從人情立說。成玄英以若為當、哀為慈、抗為舉，謂根塵相逼、舉眼色等相當，以大慈之心虚察前境，則能所兩空、物我清净，一切諸法皆成勝妙，純就重玄為說。唐玄宗御注以兩國舉兵相加，慈哀於人者勝；御疏申以其君用道、其將以慈，矜哀於人、不求多殺者獲勝。嚴遵以人主為國之腹心、兵為國之威神，隱之玄域、不得已而後行，喻我豪俊、悦我士卒、哀慈於人，動得天助。李榮以兩邊舉眾名曰抗兵，多少均齊故云相若，輕敵無備、貪而好殺者劣，靜必依道、動必以律、不失於慈則哀者勝；末復以内明煩惱多端、非智不破，智慧煩惱二種恒隨如抗兵相若，方便用智而不失慈悲則哀者勝。陸希聲以舉兵相加、勝負未定，能愛其民則必全其勝；愛其民者必哀其死，民知君之哀民之死，必反哀君之亡，故相率用命以致勝，始以愛民為本、終以哀死致勝，最為委曲。呂惠卿以惟以不爭為勝者莫能勝之。蘇轍以兩敵相加出於不得已則有哀心，哀心見而天人助之，雖欲不勝不可得。吳澄以抗為舉、哀者慈心之見，引蘇氏語而申之曰慈者之勝不慈，非戰而敗之，不戰而屈之即勝。憨山以抗兵乃兩敵相當、難於決勝，但有慈心哀之者則自勝，天道好生、助勝於慈。魏源以哀者慈心之所發，故天衛之而必勝，惟哀而後可以言勝。諸家皆以「哀」為慈心之發，而或就兵事、或就治道、或就天人相感，取徑不同。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "兩敵相戰，哀者慈仁、士卒不遠於死，故勝。", "thesisTrad": "兩敵相戰，哀者慈仁、士卒不遠於死，故勝。", "noteIds": [ "c011", "c012" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "两敌相战，哀者慈仁、士卒不远于死，故胜。" }, "wangbi": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "抗舉加當；哀者必相惜而不趣利避害，故必勝。", "thesisTrad": "抗舉加當；哀者必相惜而不趣利避害，故必勝。", "noteIds": [ "c016" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "抗举加当；哀者必相惜而不趣利避害，故必胜。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "根塵相逼，以大慈虛察前境，能所兩空，諸法皆成勝妙。", "thesisTrad": "根塵相逼，以大慈虛察前境，能所兩空，諸法皆成勝妙。", "noteIds": [ "c027" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "根尘相逼，以大慈虚察前境，能所两空，诸法皆成胜妙。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "兩國舉兵相加，慈哀於人者勝；君用道、將以慈，不求多殺者獲勝。", "thesisTrad": "兩國舉兵相加，慈哀於人者勝；君用道、將以慈，不求多殺者獲勝。", "noteIds": [ "c034", "c043" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "两国举兵相加，慈哀于人者胜；君用道、将以慈，不求多杀者获胜。" }, "yanzun": { "workType": "輯文", "workTypeTrad": "輯文", "thesis": "人主腹心、兵者威神，不得已而行；哀慈於人，動得天助。", "thesisTrad": "人主腹心、兵者威神，不得已而行；哀慈於人，動得天助。", "noteIds": [ "c047" ], "workTypeSimp": "辑文", "thesisSimp": "人主腹心、兵者威神，不得已而行；哀慈于人，动得天助。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "抗兵相若，靜必依道、動必以律、不失於慈則哀者勝；内明智慧煩惱相若，方便用智不失慈悲則勝。", "thesisTrad": "抗兵相若，靜必依道、動必以律、不失於慈則哀者勝；内明智慧煩惱相若，方便用智不失慈悲則勝。", "noteIds": [ "c056", "c057" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "抗兵相若，静必依道、动必以律、不失于慈则哀者胜；内明智慧烦恼相若，方便用智不失慈悲则胜。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "愛民者必哀其死，民反哀君之亡，相率用命以致勝；始以愛民為本，終以哀死致勝。", "thesisTrad": "愛民者必哀其死，民反哀君之亡，相率用命以致勝；始以愛民為本，終以哀死致勝。", "noteIds": [ "c058" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "爱民者必哀其死，民反哀君之亡，相率用命以致胜；始以爱民为本，终以哀死致胜。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "惟以不爭為勝者，莫能勝之。", "thesisTrad": "惟以不爭為勝者，莫能勝之。", "noteIds": [ "c059" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "惟以不争为胜者，莫能胜之。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "出於不得已則有哀心，哀心見而天人助之。", "thesisTrad": "出於不得已則有哀心，哀心見而天人助之。", "noteIds": [ "c065" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "出于不得已则有哀心，哀心见而天人助之。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "慈者之勝不慈，非戰而敗之，不戰而屈之即勝。", "thesisTrad": "慈者之勝不慈，非戰而敗之，不戰而屈之即勝。", "noteIds": [ "c068" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "慈者之胜不慈，非战而败之，不战而屈之即胜。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "兩敵相當，但有慈心哀之者自勝；天道好生，助勝於慈。", "thesisTrad": "兩敵相當，但有慈心哀之者自勝；天道好生，助勝於慈。", "noteIds": [ "c070" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "两敌相当，但有慈心哀之者自胜；天道好生，助胜于慈。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "哀者慈心之所發，天衛之而必勝；惟哀而後可以言勝。", "thesisTrad": "哀者慈心之所發，天衛之而必勝；惟哀而後可以言勝。", "noteIds": [ "c071" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "哀者慈心之所发，天卫之而必胜；惟哀而后可以言胜。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c011", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "河上公以兩敵相戰釋抗兵相加。", "textTrad": "河上公以兩敵相戰釋抗兵相加。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "河上公以两敌相战释抗兵相加。" }, { "noteId": "c012", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "河上公以哀者慈仁、士卒不遠於死釋哀勝。", "textTrad": "河上公以哀者慈仁、士卒不遠於死釋哀勝。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "河上公以哀者慈仁、士卒不远于死释哀胜。" }, { "noteId": "c016", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "王弼以抗舉加當、哀者相惜申之。", "textTrad": "王弼以抗舉加當、哀者相惜申之。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "王弼以抗举加当、哀者相惜申之。" }, { "noteId": "c027", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英以能所兩空、諸法勝妙申之。", "textTrad": "成玄英以能所兩空、諸法勝妙申之。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英以能所两空、诸法胜妙申之。" }, { "noteId": "c034", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "御注以慈哀於人者勝申之。", "textTrad": "御注以慈哀於人者勝申之。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "御注以慈哀于人者胜申之。" }, { "noteId": "c043", "relation": "御疏", "relationTrad": "御疏", "text": "御疏以君用道、將以慈、不求多殺轉深。", "textTrad": "御疏以君用道、將以慈、不求多殺轉深。", "relationSimp": "御疏", "textSimp": "御疏以君用道、将以慈、不求多杀转深。" }, { "noteId": "c047", "relation": "輯文", "relationTrad": "輯文", "text": "嚴遵以人主腹心、兵者威神、哀慈得天助申之。", "textTrad": "嚴遵以人主腹心、兵者威神、哀慈得天助申之。", "relationSimp": "辑文", "textSimp": "严遵以人主腹心、兵者威神、哀慈得天助申之。" }, { "noteId": "c056", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮以抗兵相若、慈能制物申之。", "textTrad": "李榮以抗兵相若、慈能制物申之。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣以抗兵相若、慈能制物申之。" }, { "noteId": "c057", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮以内明煩惱、智慧慈悲申之。", "textTrad": "李榮以内明煩惱、智慧慈悲申之。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣以内明烦恼、智慧慈悲申之。" }, { "noteId": "c058", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "陸希聲以愛民哀死、相率用命申之。", "textTrad": "陸希聲以愛民哀死、相率用命申之。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "陆希声以爱民哀死、相率用命申之。" }, { "noteId": "c059", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "呂惠卿以不爭為勝、莫能勝之申之。", "textTrad": "呂惠卿以不爭為勝、莫能勝之申之。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "吕惠卿以不争为胜、莫能胜之申之。" }, { "noteId": "c065", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "蘇轍以不得已而有哀心、天人助之申之。", "textTrad": "蘇轍以不得已而有哀心、天人助之申之。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "苏辙以不得已而有哀心、天人助之申之。" }, { "noteId": "c068", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄以慈者不戰而屈之申之。", "textTrad": "吳澄以慈者不戰而屈之申之。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄以慈者不战而屈之申之。" }, { "noteId": "c070", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "憨山以天道好生、助勝於慈申之。", "textTrad": "憨山以天道好生、助勝於慈申之。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "憨山以天道好生、助胜于慈申之。" }, { "noteId": "c071", "relation": "本義", "relationTrad": "本義", "text": "魏源以哀者慈心之發、惟哀可以言勝申之。", "textTrad": "魏源以哀者慈心之發、惟哀可以言勝申之。", "relationSimp": "本义", "textSimp": "魏源以哀者慈心之发、惟哀可以言胜申之。" } ], "nameSimp": "故抗兵相加，哀者胜矣", "questionSimp": "两军相当，何以哀者能胜？", "introSimp": "此组聚于末句。河上公以抗兵为两敌相战，哀者慈仁、士卒不远于死，故胜；语最简质。王弼以抗为举、加为当，哀者必相惜而不趣利避害，故必胜，从人情立说。成玄英以若为当、哀为慈、抗为举，谓根尘相逼、举眼色等相当，以大慈之心虚察前境，则能所两空、物我清净，一切诸法皆成胜妙，纯就重玄为说。唐玄宗御注以两国举兵相加，慈哀于人者胜；御疏申以其君用道、其将以慈，矜哀于人、不求多杀者获胜。严遵以人主为国之腹心、兵为国之威神，隐之玄域、不得已而后行，喻我豪俊、悦我士卒、哀慈于人，动得天助。李荣以两边举众名曰抗兵，多少均齐故云相若，轻敌无备、贪而好杀者劣，静必依道、动必以律、不失于慈则哀者胜；末复以内明烦恼多端、非智不破，智慧烦恼二种恒随如抗兵相若，方便用智而不失慈悲则哀者胜。陆希声以举兵相加、胜负未定，能爱其民则必全其胜；爱其民者必哀其死，民知君之哀民之死，必反哀君之亡，故相率用命以致胜，始以爱民为本、终以哀死致胜，最为委曲。吕惠卿以惟以不争为胜者莫能胜之。苏辙以两敌相加出于不得已则有哀心，哀心见而天人助之，虽欲不胜不可得。吴澄以抗为举、哀者慈心之见，引苏氏语而申之曰慈者之胜不慈，非战而败之，不战而屈之即胜。憨山以抗兵乃两敌相当、难于决胜，但有慈心哀之者则自胜，天道好生、助胜于慈。魏源以哀者慈心之所发，故天卫之而必胜，惟哀而后可以言胜。诸家皆以「哀」为慈心之发，而或就兵事、或就治道、或就天人相感，取径不同。" } ], "requiredSources": [ "heshanggong", "tangxuanzong" ] }, "schema": "librebook.chapter/1", "generatedAt": "2026-10-30T11:41:46.936Z", "keyPrefix": "laozi-69", "idRules": { "chapter": "章节目录名（slug），如 01；URL 为 /laozi/01/。", "sentence": "章内局部编号 sNNN，全篇引用使用 laozi-01:sNNN；页面锚点继续使用 #sNNN。", "commentary": "章内注号 cNNN，字词注 nNNN，校记 kNNN；编号在章内稳定，跨章引用时加章节前缀。", "paragraph": "章内段落号 pNNN，与 sentence.paragraph 对应。" }, "book": { "id": "laozi", "slug": "laozi", "title": "老子", "titleSimp": "老子", "author": "老聃", "authorSimp": "老聃", "era": "春秋", "eraSimp": "春秋", "editor": "河上公、王弼等", "editorSimp": "河上公、王弼等", "edition": "王弼《老子注》", "editionSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "baseLabel": "王弼《老子注》", "baseLabelSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "separationLabel": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英義疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、嚴遵指歸、李榮注、陸希聲傳、呂惠卿傳、蘇轍老子解、吳澄道德真經注、憨山道德經解、魏源老子本義、俞樾平議、王夫之老子衍十四家", "separationLabelSimp": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英义疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、严遵指归、李荣注、陆希声传、吕惠卿传、苏辙老子解、吴澄道德真经注、憨山道德经解、魏源老子本义、俞樾平议、王夫之老子衍十四家", "intro": "《老子》八十一章，分道經、德經。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》為底本，逐章整理正文、舊注、今譯與校記；第一至八十一章已上線，全帙完竣。", "introSimp": "《老子》八十一章，分道经、德经。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》为底本，逐章整理正文、旧注、今译与校记；第一至八十一章已上线，全帙完竣。" }, "volume": { "id": "dejing", "order": 2, "title": "德經", "titleSimp": "德经" }, "chapter": { "id": "laozi-69", "slug": "69", "order": 69, "title": "第六十九章", "titleSimp": "第六十九章", "status": "published", "revision": "初校", "review": "待复核", "updated": "2026-10-30", "summary": "第六十九章〈玄用章〉四句：用兵有言：吾不敢為主而為客，不敢進寸而退尺；是謂行無行，攘無臂，扔無敵，執無兵；禍莫大於輕敵，輕敵幾喪吾寶；故抗兵相加，哀者勝矣。王夫之《老子衍》公開轉錄本此章全闕；俞樾《諸子平議》此章未列，故不列。全章借兵家之言明慈讓不爭之德：不敢先舉兵而為應敵之客，不敢進一寸而寧退一尺；行陣而似無陣可行，奮臂而似無臂可攘，引敵而似無敵可就，持兵而似無兵可執；禍莫大於輕敵，輕敵則近喪所寶；兩軍相當，懷慈哀者終勝。河上公題「玄用第六十九」，逐句為注十二條，以主先客後、承天後動釋主客，以侵人境界為進、閉門守城為退釋進退，以彼遂不止為天下賊、雖行誅之不行執釋行無行，以不怒、不仍、不持兵刃分釋三無，以欺輕敵家、輕戰貪財釋輕敵，以兩敵相戰、哀者慈仁士卒不近於死釋哀勝。王弼注四條，以「言以謙退哀慈，不敢為物先用」釋主客進退，以「行謂行陳」「言無有與之抗」釋四無，以「非欲以取强無敵於天下，不得已而卒至於無敵，斯乃吾之所以為大禍」釋輕敵喪寶，以「抗，舉也；加，當也；哀者必相惜而不趣利避害」釋哀者勝；注文就「無敵」立說，與道藏本經文「輕敵」不合，詳校記。成玄英章義二則、疏九條，章義分全章為四別：接物運權示根塵總幻、重辯前義以顯真空、舍慈之人輕敵失道、涉境運智無出大慈；疏以根塵兩空、物我俱幻釋主客，以境智雙遣、有無兩忘釋進退，以遣蕩有無、洞忘境觀、隳肢體、物境空幻、離形去智分釋四無，以輕凌前境、染塵致報、盡喪三寶釋輕敵，以能所兩空、物我清净、諸法皆成勝妙釋哀勝。唐玄宗御注七條、御疏九條，御注以生事而貪、用慈自守、進少不能無事、退多不失謙讓釋主客進退，以不與物爭、不爭為德、以慈為主釋四無，以輕敵則殆喪慈寶釋輕敵，以慈哀於人者勝釋哀勝；御疏以先唱後應、以道退守、行師止敵貴乎不爭、攘臂表怒、引敵欲爭、執兵表殺、輕侮前敵、矜哀不求多殺申之。嚴遵輯文四條，以幸彼還、恐人財殫力屈釋退尺，以示不傷人、先服者賞後服者傷、若無臂而憑怒釋攘無臂，以輕敵自專、喪自然之寶釋輕敵，以哀慈於人、動得天助釋哀勝。李榮十條，以先舉先動驕盈必危、和而不唱後而不先釋主客，以積德内守釋退尺，以兵由彼起、無心而動、不假臂以攘、引敵使歸、息兵刑期無刑分釋四無，以輕侮前敵國破人亡釋輕敵，以慈能制物釋哀勝，末以内明煩惱、智慧方便為說。陸希聲傳一段，以起戎為謀、應敵是務釋主客，以進近於殺、退近於生釋進退，以若無行可列、無臂可奮、無兵、無敵釋四無，以慈愛為本、多殺為禍、幾亡吾寶、愛民哀死致勝通釋全章。呂惠卿傳一段，以道動常出於迫而能以不爭勝立說，謂主逆客順、主勞客逸、進驕退卑、進躁退靜，以順待逆、以逸待勞、以卑待驕、以靜待躁皆非所敵；知主不知客、知進不知退是謂輕敵；惟以不爭為勝者莫能勝之。蘇轍六條，以主造事、客應敵釋主客，以進有意於爭、退無意於爭釋進退，以無意於爭則雖用兵與不用均釋行無行，以無臂可攘、無敵可因、無兵可執釋三無，以聖人以慈為寶、輕敵則輕戰輕殺人而喪慈釋輕敵，以不得已而有哀心、天人助之釋哀勝；經文作「輕敵者幾喪吾寶」。吳澄注三段，合前二章為其第五十七章，謂申言慈之寶：主肇兵端、客不得已應敵，進寸難進、退尺易退，不為首兵但為應兵，不行不攘不執不仍則雖有行臂兵敵如無；一有輕敵之心即已有殺人喪寶之漸；慈者之勝不慈，非戰而敗之，不戰而屈之。憨山解一段（本站分二條），謂此重明前章不爭之德，以釋上三寶以慈為本之意；兵主必爭必殺、客無好殺之心，進難退易、身進而心不進，戒懼不敢輕敵，輕敵多殺則傷慈，天道好生助慈者勝；舊解多在用兵上說，全不得老子主意。魏源合第六十七至六十九章為其第五十八章，本義謂此章明德之用，以兵明慈之為用，慈則必儉、必不敢為先，即兵家以退為進、以弱為強之道，非為談兵而設；從王弼及傅奕作「禍莫大於無敵，無敵幾亡吾寶」，謂兵至無敵於天下則殺人必多、乃禍莫大焉，諸本作「輕敵」者直孫吳制勝之術；校記出「扔」一作「仍」、二句互易、「相加」傅奕作「相若」諸異文。河上公題「玄用第六十九」；成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮、嚴遵、呂惠卿、蘇轍題「用兵有言章第六十九」；陸希聲本無章題；吳澄合此章與前二章為其第五十七章，魏源合第六十七至六十九章為其第五十八章。河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮、蘇轍、憨山作「仍無敵」，王弼作「扔無敵」，陸希聲、吳澄、魏源作「執無兵，仍（扔）無敵」；魏源從王弼及傅奕作「無敵幾亡吾寶」，諸本多作「輕敵幾喪吾寶」，王弼注文亦就「無敵」為說；傅奕「抗兵相若」；王弼道藏本「是謂行無行」下夾「彼逐不止」四字，疑注文闌入，今刪。並見校記。", "summarySimp": "第六十九章〈玄用章〉四句：用兵有言：吾不敢为主而为客，不敢进寸而退尺；是谓行无行，攘无臂，扔无敌，执无兵；祸莫大于轻敌，轻敌几丧吾宝；故抗兵相加，哀者胜矣。王夫之《老子衍》公开转录本此章全阙；俞樾《诸子平议》此章未列，故不列。全章借兵家之言明慈让不争之德：不敢先举兵而为应敌之客，不敢进一寸而宁退一尺；行阵而似无阵可行，奋臂而似无臂可攘，引敌而似无敌可就，持兵而似无兵可执；祸莫大于轻敌，轻敌则近丧所宝；两军相当，怀慈哀者终胜。河上公题「玄用第六十九」，逐句为注十二条，以主先客后、承天后动释主客，以侵人境界为进、闭门守城为退释进退，以彼遂不止为天下贼、虽行诛之不行执释行无行，以不怒、不仍、不持兵刃分释三无，以欺轻敌家、轻战贪财释轻敌，以两敌相战、哀者慈仁士卒不近于死释哀胜。王弼注四条，以「言以谦退哀慈，不敢为物先用」释主客进退，以「行谓行陈」「言无有与之抗」释四无，以「非欲以取强无敌于天下，不得已而卒至于无敌，斯乃吾之所以为大祸」释轻敌丧宝，以「抗，举也；加，当也；哀者必相惜而不趣利避害」释哀者胜；注文就「无敌」立说，与道藏本经文「轻敌」不合，详校记。成玄英章义二则、疏九条，章义分全章为四别：接物运权示根尘总幻、重辩前义以显真空、舍慈之人轻敌失道、涉境运智无出大慈；疏以根尘两空、物我俱幻释主客，以境智双遣、有无两忘释进退，以遣荡有无、洞忘境观、隳肢体、物境空幻、离形去智分释四无，以轻凌前境、染尘致报、尽丧三宝释轻敌，以能所两空、物我清净、诸法皆成胜妙释哀胜。唐玄宗御注七条、御疏九条，御注以生事而贪、用慈自守、进少不能无事、退多不失谦让释主客进退，以不与物争、不争为德、以慈为主释四无，以轻敌则殆丧慈宝释轻敌，以慈哀于人者胜释哀胜；御疏以先唱后应、以道退守、行师止敌贵乎不争、攘臂表怒、引敌欲争、执兵表杀、轻侮前敌、矜哀不求多杀申之。严遵辑文四条，以幸彼还、恐人财殚力屈释退尺，以示不伤人、先服者赏后服者伤、若无臂而凭怒释攘无臂，以轻敌自专、丧自然之宝释轻敌，以哀慈于人、动得天助释哀胜。李荣十条，以先举先动骄盈必危、和而不唱后而不先释主客，以积德内守释退尺，以兵由彼起、无心而动、不假臂以攘、引敌使归、息兵刑期无刑分释四无，以轻侮前敌国破人亡释轻敌，以慈能制物释哀胜，末以内明烦恼、智慧方便为说。陆希声传一段，以起戎为谋、应敌是务释主客，以进近于杀、退近于生释进退，以若无行可列、无臂可奋、无兵、无敌释四无，以慈爱为本、多杀为祸、几亡吾宝、爱民哀死致胜通释全章。吕惠卿传一段，以道动常出于迫而能以不争胜立说，谓主逆客顺、主劳客逸、进骄退卑、进躁退静，以顺待逆、以逸待劳、以卑待骄、以静待躁皆非所敌；知主不知客、知进不知退是谓轻敌；惟以不争为胜者莫能胜之。苏辙六条，以主造事、客应敌释主客，以进有意于争、退无意于争释进退，以无意于争则虽用兵与不用均释行无行，以无臂可攘、无敌可因、无兵可执释三无，以圣人以慈为宝、轻敌则轻战轻杀人而丧慈释轻敌，以不得已而有哀心、天人助之释哀胜；经文作「轻敌者几丧吾宝」。吴澄注三段，合前二章为其第五十七章，谓申言慈之宝：主肇兵端、客不得已应敌，进寸难进、退尺易退，不为首兵但为应兵，不行不攘不执不仍则虽有行臂兵敌如无；一有轻敌之心即已有杀人丧宝之渐；慈者之胜不慈，非战而败之，不战而屈之。憨山解一段（本站分二条），谓此重明前章不争之德，以释上三宝以慈为本之意；兵主必争必杀、客无好杀之心，进难退易、身进而心不进，戒惧不敢轻敌，轻敌多杀则伤慈，天道好生助慈者胜；旧解多在用兵上说，全不得老子主意。魏源合第六十七至六十九章为其第五十八章，本义谓此章明德之用，以兵明慈之为用，慈则必俭、必不敢为先，即兵家以退为进、以弱为强之道，非为谈兵而设；从王弼及傅奕作「祸莫大于无敌，无敌几亡吾宝」，谓兵至无敌于天下则杀人必多、乃祸莫大焉，诸本作「轻敌」者直孙吴制胜之术；校记出「扔」一作「仍」、二句互易、「相加」傅奕作「相若」诸异文。河上公题「玄用第六十九」；成玄英、唐玄宗、李荣、严遵、吕惠卿、苏辙题「用兵有言章第六十九」；陆希声本无章题；吴澄合此章与前二章为其第五十七章，魏源合第六十七至六十九章为其第五十八章。河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李荣、苏辙、憨山作「仍无敌」，王弼作「扔无敌」，陆希声、吴澄、魏源作「执无兵，仍（扔）无敌」；魏源从王弼及傅奕作「无敌几亡吾宝」，诸本多作「轻敌几丧吾宝」，王弼注文亦就「无敌」为说；傅奕「抗兵相若」；王弼道藏本「是谓行无行」下夹「彼逐不止」四字，疑注文阑入，今删。并见校记。", 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