{ "meta": { "book": { "id": "laozi", "title": "老子", "titleSimp": "老子", "author": "老聃", "authorSimp": "老聃", "era": "春秋", "eraSimp": "春秋", "editor": "河上公、王弼等", "editorSimp": "河上公、王弼等", "edition": "王弼《老子注》", "editionSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "slug": "laozi", "baseLabel": "王弼《老子注》", "baseLabelSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "separationLabel": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英義疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、嚴遵指歸、李榮注、陸希聲傳、呂惠卿傳、蘇轍老子解、吳澄道德真經注、憨山道德經解、魏源老子本義、俞樾平議、王夫之老子衍十四家", "separationLabelSimp": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英义疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、严遵指归、李荣注、陆希声传、吕惠卿传、苏辙老子解、吴澄道德真经注、憨山道德经解、魏源老子本义、俞樾平议、王夫之老子衍十四家", "intro": "《老子》八十一章，分道經、德經。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》為底本，逐章整理正文、舊注、今譯與校記；第一至八十一章已上線，全帙完竣。", "introSimp": "《老子》八十一章，分道经、德经。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》为底本，逐章整理正文、旧注、今译与校记；第一至八十一章已上线，全帙完竣。" }, "chapter": { "id": "laozi-75", "no": 75, "part": "德經", "partSimp": "德经", "title": "第七十五章", "titleSimp": "第七十五章", "intro": "《老子》第七十五章，河上公題「貪損第七十五」；成玄英題「人之飢章第七十五」；呂惠卿、蘇轍並題「民之飢章第七十五」；王弼本、陸希聲本此章無章題；憨山次為七十五章而無章題；吳澄以此章為其第六十二章，魏源亦以此章為其第六十二章。王弼通行本正文四句：民之飢，以其上食稅之多，是以飢；民之難治，以其上之有為，是以難治；民之輕死，以其求生之厚，是以輕死；夫唯無以生為者，是賢於貴生。全章三句皆責之在上者，歷言民之飢源於取之多、民之難治源於事之繁、民之輕死源於養之厚，末以「無以生為」收之，謂不厚養其生者反勝於珍貴其生者。王弼注止一條而總括全章：言民之所以僻、治之所以亂，皆由上，不由其下，民從上也。河上公逐句四條，以人民飢寒由君上稅食下太多、民皆化上為貪叛道違德釋飢，以民不可治由君上多欲好有為釋難治，以人民輕犯死由求生活之道太厚、貪利以自危釋輕死，以無以生為務者爵祿不干於意、財利不入於身、天子不得臣、諸侯不得使釋賢於貴生。成玄英標章義，分全章為三別：一明眾生所以無德、為耽染有為，二明眾生所以殘年、為資生太甚，三示忘生之美以勖學人；章義引文景恩流、成康化美、漢曰措刑、訟息刑清以明無為之效；其疏全就理身說，以飢為內無德、上為心、稅為聚斂、食為滋味，謂心緣前境多貪滋味故壞德，以百行馳騖、心耽有為釋難治，以迷情顛倒、多貪六塵、厚資四大釋輕死，以坐忘無相、膻臊榮利釋無以生為。唐玄宗御注四條、御疏四條，以賦稅太多弊國本釋飢，以有為則難理、詐興多釋難治，以違分求生大厚釋輕死，以養過其分、分過則生亡釋賢於貴生；御疏申言人者國之本，政煩賦重則國本斯弊，無為而人自化，有為則政煩人擾、動生大偽，不顧刑網以徇所求，生有涯而安分則足，不厚生而生全、求厚生而生喪。嚴遵《指歸》道經原卷早缺，此章惟《玄德纂疏》存「嚴曰」三則，以民化上有為、情偽難治，以求生太厚之故輕入死地，以自然之道常與物反、無身者生、有身者死、無以生為可以長生；「民之飢」一句無輯文。李榮四條，以百姓飢窮、四民困乏由稅重賦多，以有為撓物、無為正身，以重生之人制浮情於正性、輕死之輩溺邪識於愛流、事積亂心、味多爽口，以觀身非有、悟理無生、與虛淨合德、雖不養生而生自養。陸希聲傳一段，以古者公田籍而不稅、後世什一而稅為天下之中，以古之在上無為無欲故民少事、今之上有為有欲故民多事，以過理生生必得其死，以無以其生為生者外其身而身存。呂惠卿傳一段，以一夫之耕足以食數口、織而衣耕而食是謂同德，歷舉三「非以其上……耶」反復申義，歸於聖人無事而民自富、無欲而民自樸，以踶跂好知、爭歸於利釋生生之厚而至於輕死，以聖人不自見以外其身、不自貴以遺其生。蘇轍三條：上以有為導民、民亦以有為應之，故事多而難治；上以利欲先民、民亦爭厚其生，故雖死而求利不厭；貴生之極必至於輕死，惟無以生為而生自全矣；「民之飢」一句無注。吳澄三條，以食為君所食於民者、稅為民之所出以供上之食者，以有為以智術御下、姦詐欺上，以輕為易、生生之厚為求生之心太重、賢猶勝、貴生為貴重其生，謂保養太過將欲不死而適以易死，至人順其自然無所容心、外其身而身存。憨山解二段，以此釋上章民不畏死之所以、教治天下者當以淡泊無欲為本，以取之有制猶可免於飢寒、取之太多則奪民之食以自奉，凡賊盜起於飢寒，法令茲彰、盜賊多有，民之輕死良由在上求生之厚，又謂此句影前當有一上字方盡其妙，以知養生之主則欲自消而心自靜、天下治矣，並謂當熟讀《莊子》《養生主》《馬蹄》《胠篋》諸篇便是注解。魏源本義一段、校記一條，謂此承上章而申言，引王弼、呂惠卿、張爾岐之說，斷以源案：我自厚其生則人亦各欲厚其生，人各欲厚其生而不得，夫安得不輕死；民之輕棄其生由於生生之厚，而民之厚生由於上之自厚其生，有以誘之而又奪之。王夫之《老子衍》公開轉錄本止於第六十六章，俞樾《諸子平議》此章未列，故均不列。本站以王弼《老子注》通行本為底本，分列河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英義疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、嚴遵指歸輯文、李榮注、陸希聲傳、呂惠卿傳、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》，並附編者今譯。", "introSimp": "《老子》第七十五章，河上公题「贪损第七十五」；成玄英题「人之饥章第七十五」；吕惠卿、苏辙并题「民之饥章第七十五」；王弼本、陆希声本此章无章题；憨山次为七十五章而无章题；吴澄以此章为其第六十二章，魏源亦以此章为其第六十二章。王弼通行本正文四句：民之饥，以其上食税之多，是以饥；民之难治，以其上之有为，是以难治；民之轻死，以其求生之厚，是以轻死；夫唯无以生为者，是贤于贵生。全章三句皆责之在上者，历言民之饥源于取之多、民之难治源于事之繁、民之轻死源于养之厚，末以「无以生为」收之，谓不厚养其生者反胜于珍贵其生者。王弼注止一条而总括全章：言民之所以僻、治之所以乱，皆由上，不由其下，民从上也。河上公逐句四条，以人民饥寒由君上税食下太多、民皆化上为贪叛道违德释饥，以民不可治由君上多欲好有为释难治，以人民轻犯死由求生活之道太厚、贪利以自危释轻死，以无以生为务者爵禄不干于意、财利不入于身、天子不得臣、诸侯不得使释贤于贵生。成玄英标章义，分全章为三别：一明众生所以无德、为耽染有为，二明众生所以残年、为资生太甚，三示忘生之美以勖学人；章义引文景恩流、成康化美、汉曰措刑、讼息刑清以明无为之效；其疏全就理身说，以饥为内无德、上为心、税为聚敛、食为滋味，谓心缘前境多贪滋味故坏德，以百行驰骛、心耽有为释难治，以迷情颠倒、多贪六尘、厚资四大释轻死，以坐忘无相、膻臊荣利释无以生为。唐玄宗御注四条、御疏四条，以赋税太多弊国本释饥，以有为则难理、诈兴多释难治，以违分求生大厚释轻死，以养过其分、分过则生亡释贤于贵生；御疏申言人者国之本，政烦赋重则国本斯弊，无为而人自化，有为则政烦人扰、动生大伪，不顾刑网以徇所求，生有涯而安分则足，不厚生而生全、求厚生而生丧。严遵《指归》道经原卷早缺，此章惟《玄德纂疏》存「严曰」三则，以民化上有为、情伪难治，以求生太厚之故轻入死地，以自然之道常与物反、无身者生、有身者死、无以生为可以长生；「民之饥」一句无辑文。李荣四条，以百姓饥穷、四民困乏由税重赋多，以有为挠物、无为正身，以重生之人制浮情于正性、轻死之辈溺邪识于爱流、事积乱心、味多爽口，以观身非有、悟理无生、与虚净合德、虽不养生而生自养。陆希声传一段，以古者公田籍而不税、后世什一而税为天下之中，以古之在上无为无欲故民少事、今之上有为有欲故民多事，以过理生生必得其死，以无以其生为生者外其身而身存。吕惠卿传一段，以一夫之耕足以食数口、织而衣耕而食是谓同德，历举三「非以其上……耶」反复申义，归于圣人无事而民自富、无欲而民自朴，以踶跂好知、争归于利释生生之厚而至于轻死，以圣人不自见以外其身、不自贵以遗其生。苏辙三条：上以有为导民、民亦以有为应之，故事多而难治；上以利欲先民、民亦争厚其生，故虽死而求利不厌；贵生之极必至于轻死，惟无以生为而生自全矣；「民之饥」一句无注。吴澄三条，以食为君所食于民者、税为民之所出以供上之食者，以有为以智术御下、奸诈欺上，以轻为易、生生之厚为求生之心太重、贤犹胜、贵生为贵重其生，谓保养太过将欲不死而适以易死，至人顺其自然无所容心、外其身而身存。憨山解二段，以此释上章民不畏死之所以、教治天下者当以淡泊无欲为本，以取之有制犹可免于饥寒、取之太多则夺民之食以自奉，凡贼盗起于饥寒，法令兹彰、盗贼多有，民之轻死良由在上求生之厚，又谓此句影前当有一上字方尽其妙，以知养生之主则欲自消而心自静、天下治矣，并谓当熟读《庄子》《养生主》《马蹄》《胠箧》诸篇便是注解。魏源本义一段、校记一条，谓此承上章而申言，引王弼、吕惠卿、张尔岐之说，断以源案：我自厚其生则人亦各欲厚其生，人各欲厚其生而不得，夫安得不轻死；民之轻弃其生由于生生之厚，而民之厚生由于上之自厚其生，有以诱之而又夺之。王夫之《老子衍》公开转录本止于第六十六章，俞樾《诸子平议》此章未列，故均不列。本站以王弼《老子注》通行本为底本，分列河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英义疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、严遵指归辑文、李荣注、陆希声传、吕惠卿传、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》，并附编者今译。", "guide": "點擊任一句可展開句注；點擊字詞可看本句訓釋；按「諸家並觀」可將同一句的舊注並列對讀，本章十二家舊注。河上公逐句四條；王弼注一條；成玄英章義二則、疏四條；唐玄宗御注四條、御疏四條；嚴遵輯文三條；李榮四條；陸希聲傳一段；呂惠卿傳一段；蘇轍三條；吳澄三條；憨山解二段；魏源本義一段、校記一條。王夫之《老子衍》公開轉錄本止於第六十六章；俞樾此章未列。河上公題「貪損第七十五」；成玄英題「人之飢章第七十五」；呂惠卿、蘇轍並題「民之飢章第七十五」；王弼本、陸希聲本無章題；憨山次為七十五章而無章題；吳澄、魏源均以此章為其第六十二章。諸本異文：陸希聲經文「飢」皆作幾聲之「饑」（二字簡體無別）；呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄及成玄英疏作「人之輕死」，呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、魏源又作「以其生生之厚」，呂惠卿兼無「夫」字；陸希聲、吳澄末句作「是賢於貴生也」，魏源作「是賢於貴生焉」。正文從王弼通行本，異文見校記。", "guideSimp": "点击任一句可展开句注；点击字词可看本句训释；按「诸家并观」可将同一句的旧注并列对读，本章十二家旧注。河上公逐句四条；王弼注一条；成玄英章义二则、疏四条；唐玄宗御注四条、御疏四条；严遵辑文三条；李荣四条；陆希声传一段；吕惠卿传一段；苏辙三条；吴澄三条；憨山解二段；魏源本义一段、校记一条。王夫之《老子衍》公开转录本止于第六十六章；俞樾此章未列。河上公题「贪损第七十五」；成玄英题「人之饥章第七十五」；吕惠卿、苏辙并题「民之饥章第七十五」；王弼本、陆希声本无章题；憨山次为七十五章而无章题；吴澄、魏源均以此章为其第六十二章。诸本异文：陆希声经文「饥」皆作几声之「饥」（二字简体无别）；吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄及成玄英疏作「人之轻死」，吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、魏源又作「以其生生之厚」，吕惠卿兼无「夫」字；陆希声、吴澄末句作「是贤于贵生也」，魏源作「是贤于贵生焉」。正文从王弼通行本，异文见校记。", "slug": "75", "order": 75, "status": "published", "revision": "初校", "review": "待复核", "updated": "2026-10-30", "summary": "第七十五章〈貪損章〉四句：民之飢，以其上食稅之多，是以飢；民之難治，以其上之有為，是以難治；民之輕死，以其求生之厚，是以輕死；夫唯無以生為者，是賢於貴生。王夫之《老子衍》公開轉錄本止於第六十六章；俞樾《諸子平議》此章未列，故均不列。全章三句一氣皆責在上：在上者取民太多則民飢，以智術有為御下則民難治，自上厚生之風導民於利則民輕死；末以「無以生為」為歸，謂惟不以奉養其生為務者乃賢於貴生。河上公題「貪損第七十五」，逐句為注四條，以人民飢寒由君上稅食下太多、民皆化上為貪、叛道違德故飢，以民之不可治由君上多欲好有為，以人民輕犯死者由求生活之道太厚、貪利以自危，以獨無以生為務者爵祿不干於意、財利不入於身、天子不得臣、諸侯不得使則賢於貴生。王弼止一條總注，謂民之所以僻、治之所以亂皆由上、不由其下，民從上也。成玄英章義二則、疏四條，章義以前章明眾生為罪既深必招苦報、次此章明所以獲苦報為耽著有為，分全章為三別：一明眾生所以無德為耽染有為，二明眾生所以殘年為資生太甚，三示忘生之美以勖學人；引證以道術相忘、江湖放曠，文景恩流、成康化美、漢曰措刑、楛矢東來、神膠西至、鄉貢八蠶之綿、田收再熟之稻，以明無為之效；其疏全就理身說，以飢為內無德、上為心、心為五藏百行之主、稅為聚斂、食為滋味，謂心緣前境、多貪滋味故壞德，以百行馳騖、心耽有為釋難治，謂心若無為則諸行易治、是知萬境唯在一心，以迷情顛倒、不知物我俱幻、多貪六塵、厚資四大釋生生之厚而輕入死地，以賢為善，謂玄悟之士非滅色空焉能坐忘而生無相，故膻臊榮利、厭穢風塵，獨不以生為生者是善能攝貴生之人。唐玄宗御注四條、御疏四條，御注以君上食用賦稅太多致人飢乏不足，以有為則難理、詐興多，以違分求生大厚，以自然之分足則生全、養過其分則分過而生亡，故無以厚其生為者賢於貴生；御疏申言夫人者國之本、政煩賦重則國本斯弊、弊則危矣，以蠢爾蒼生資君以理、為理之本諒在無為、有為則政煩而人擾、動生大偽，以人輕入死地喪其生皆以違分求生、養生太厚、不顧刑網以徇所求，以夫生也有涯、安分則足、營生於至當之外則惑、不厚生而生全、求厚生而生喪。嚴遵輯文三則，以其民化上有為、情偽難治，以求生太厚之故輕入死地，以自然之道常與物反、無身者生、有身者死、生而趨利者為死之元、無生去利者為生之始、無以人為可以康寧、無以生為可以長生。李榮四條，以百姓飢窮、四民困乏非佗由、稅重賦多，以有為撓物所以難治、無為正身自然易化，以重生之人制浮情於正性、輕死之輩溺邪識於愛流、厚者積也多也、事積則亂心、味多則爽口、縱欲喪身輕之死地，以達至道者觀身非有、悟理無生、與虛淨而合德、雖不養生而生自養，賢德也、貴者重也。陸希聲傳一段，以古者公田籍而不稅、後世什一而稅亦天下之中，今之在上取民太多則民不得不饑；以古之在上無為無欲故民少事各遂其性，今也有為有欲故民多事不得安其生；以民之生有常理不可厚，苟厚其生必過於理，過理生生必得其死；以無以其生為生者外其身而身存，故賢於貴其生者遠矣。呂惠卿傳一段，以一夫之耕足以食數口、織而衣耕而食是謂同德、甘其食美其服安其俗樂其居，歷舉三「非以其上……耶」反復申三句之義；以聖人無事而民自富、無欲而民自樸、無為而民自化、好靜而民自正，則食稅之多而飢、有為而難治、生生之厚而輕死皆無有也；謂生生之厚而至於輕死，以其踶跂好知、爭歸於利而不可止；末以聖人不自見以外其身、不自貴以遺其生結之。蘇轍三條，以上以有為導民、民亦以有為應之故事多而難治，以上以利欲先民、民亦爭厚其生故雖死而求利不厭，以貴生之極必至於輕死、惟無以生為而生自全。吳澄三條，以食謂君所食於民者、稅則民之所出以供上之食者、上多取於民則民飢且貧，以有為以智術御其下、下亦以姦詐欺其上故難治，以轻為易、生生之厚為求生之心太重、賢猶勝、貴生即生生之厚，謂求生之心重、保養太過，將欲不死而適以易死，至人非不愛生、順其自然、無所容心，外其身而身存，賢於重用其心以貴生而反易死。憨山解二段，以此釋上章民不畏死之所以、教治天下者當以淡泊無欲為本，以無君子莫治野人、無野人莫養君子見上下同一命根，以一夫之耕不足以養父母妻子、取之太多則奪民之食以自奉、凡賊盜起於飢寒，以法令茲彰、盜賊多有此民所以愈難治，以民之輕死良由在上求生之厚以致之，以但知生之可貴而以養生為事、不知有生之主，苟知養生之主則不見有身之可愛、有生之可貴，欲自消而心自靜、天下治矣，並引《莊子》《養生主》《馬蹄》《胠篋》諸篇為此章注解。魏源本義一段、校記一條，以此承上章而申言，稅即租也，引王弼「皆由上、不由下」、呂惠卿「無事而民自富」、張爾岐「在上則不多取多事以病其下，在下不敢扞網為奸以累其上」諸說，斷以源案：我自厚其生則人亦各欲厚其生，人各欲厚其生而不得，夫安得不輕死；民之輕棄其生由於生生之厚，而民之厚生由於上之自厚其生，有以誘之而又奪之；末語為老氏宗旨，因言俗弊而遂及之。校記謂傅奕「飢」「治」「死」下各多「者」字、三「以其」下傅奕多「也」字，傅奕作「以其上求生之厚也」，一本無「夫」字，傅奕「生為」下有「貴」字，「是賢於貴生焉」各本無「焉」字、傅奕「焉」作「也」，此二句從《淮南子》。河上公題「貪損第七十五」；成玄英題「人之飢章第七十五」；呂惠卿、蘇轍並題「民之飢章第七十五」；王弼本、陸希聲本無章題；憨山次為七十五章而無章題；吳澄、魏源均以此章為其第六十二章。諸本異文：陸希聲本經文、傳悉作「饑」，餘家作「飢」，二字簡體並作「饥」；呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄作「人之輕死」，成玄英疏、李榮注及河上公注所引亦作「人」；王弼、河上公注、陸希聲、憨山作「以其求生之厚」，呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、成玄英疏、李榮注、魏源作「以其生生之厚」，傅奕作「以其上求生之厚也」；唐玄宗御注作「無以厚其生為」，呂惠卿本經文作「惟無以生為者」；陸希聲、吳澄作「是賢於貴生也」，魏源作「是賢於貴生焉」。正文從王弼通行本，異文見校記。", "summarySimp": "第七十五章〈贪损章〉四句：民之饥，以其上食税之多，是以饥；民之难治，以其上之有为，是以难治；民之轻死，以其求生之厚，是以轻死；夫唯无以生为者，是贤于贵生。王夫之《老子衍》公开转录本止于第六十六章；俞樾《诸子平议》此章未列，故均不列。全章三句一气皆责在上：在上者取民太多则民饥，以智术有为御下则民难治，自上厚生之风导民于利则民轻死；末以「无以生为」为归，谓惟不以奉养其生为务者乃贤于贵生。河上公题「贪损第七十五」，逐句为注四条，以人民饥寒由君上税食下太多、民皆化上为贪、叛道违德故饥，以民之不可治由君上多欲好有为，以人民轻犯死者由求生活之道太厚、贪利以自危，以独无以生为务者爵禄不干于意、财利不入于身、天子不得臣、诸侯不得使则贤于贵生。王弼止一条总注，谓民之所以僻、治之所以乱皆由上、不由其下，民从上也。成玄英章义二则、疏四条，章义以前章明众生为罪既深必招苦报、次此章明所以获苦报为耽着有为，分全章为三别：一明众生所以无德为耽染有为，二明众生所以残年为资生太甚，三示忘生之美以勖学人；引证以道术相忘、江湖放旷，文景恩流、成康化美、汉曰措刑、楛矢东来、神胶西至、乡贡八蚕之绵、田收再熟之稻，以明无为之效；其疏全就理身说，以饥为内无德、上为心、心为五藏百行之主、税为聚敛、食为滋味，谓心缘前境、多贪滋味故坏德，以百行驰骛、心耽有为释难治，谓心若无为则诸行易治、是知万境唯在一心，以迷情颠倒、不知物我俱幻、多贪六尘、厚资四大释生生之厚而轻入死地，以贤为善，谓玄悟之士非灭色空焉能坐忘而生无相，故膻臊荣利、厌秽风尘，独不以生为生者是善能摄贵生之人。唐玄宗御注四条、御疏四条，御注以君上食用赋税太多致人饥乏不足，以有为则难理、诈兴多，以违分求生大厚，以自然之分足则生全、养过其分则分过而生亡，故无以厚其生为者贤于贵生；御疏申言夫人者国之本、政烦赋重则国本斯弊、弊则危矣，以蠢尔苍生资君以理、为理之本谅在无为、有为则政烦而人扰、动生大伪，以人轻入死地丧其生皆以违分求生、养生太厚、不顾刑网以徇所求，以夫生也有涯、安分则足、营生于至当之外则惑、不厚生而生全、求厚生而生丧。严遵辑文三则，以其民化上有为、情伪难治，以求生太厚之故轻入死地，以自然之道常与物反、无身者生、有身者死、生而趋利者为死之元、无生去利者为生之始、无以人为可以康宁、无以生为可以长生。李荣四条，以百姓饥穷、四民困乏非佗由、税重赋多，以有为挠物所以难治、无为正身自然易化，以重生之人制浮情于正性、轻死之辈溺邪识于爱流、厚者积也多也、事积则乱心、味多则爽口、纵欲丧身轻之死地，以达至道者观身非有、悟理无生、与虚净而合德、虽不养生而生自养，贤德也、贵者重也。陆希声传一段，以古者公田籍而不税、后世什一而税亦天下之中，今之在上取民太多则民不得不饥；以古之在上无为无欲故民少事各遂其性，今也有为有欲故民多事不得安其生；以民之生有常理不可厚，苟厚其生必过于理，过理生生必得其死；以无以其生为生者外其身而身存，故贤于贵其生者远矣。吕惠卿传一段，以一夫之耕足以食数口、织而衣耕而食是谓同德、甘其食美其服安其俗乐其居，历举三「非以其上……耶」反复申三句之义；以圣人无事而民自富、无欲而民自朴、无为而民自化、好静而民自正，则食税之多而饥、有为而难治、生生之厚而轻死皆无有也；谓生生之厚而至于轻死，以其踶跂好知、争归于利而不可止；末以圣人不自见以外其身、不自贵以遗其生结之。苏辙三条，以上以有为导民、民亦以有为应之故事多而难治，以上以利欲先民、民亦争厚其生故虽死而求利不厌，以贵生之极必至于轻死、惟无以生为而生自全。吴澄三条，以食谓君所食于民者、税则民之所出以供上之食者、上多取于民则民饥且贫，以有为以智术御其下、下亦以奸诈欺其上故难治，以轻为易、生生之厚为求生之心太重、贤犹胜、贵生即生生之厚，谓求生之心重、保养太过，将欲不死而适以易死，至人非不爱生、顺其自然、无所容心，外其身而身存，贤于重用其心以贵生而反易死。憨山解二段，以此释上章民不畏死之所以、教治天下者当以淡泊无欲为本，以无君子莫治野人、无野人莫养君子见上下同一命根，以一夫之耕不足以养父母妻子、取之太多则夺民之食以自奉、凡贼盗起于饥寒，以法令兹彰、盗贼多有此民所以愈难治，以民之轻死良由在上求生之厚以致之，以但知生之可贵而以养生为事、不知有生之主，苟知养生之主则不见有身之可爱、有生之可贵，欲自消而心自静、天下治矣，并引《庄子》《养生主》《马蹄》《胠箧》诸篇为此章注解。魏源本义一段、校记一条，以此承上章而申言，税即租也，引王弼「皆由上、不由下」、吕惠卿「无事而民自富」、张尔岐「在上则不多取多事以病其下，在下不敢扞网为奸以累其上」诸说，断以源案：我自厚其生则人亦各欲厚其生，人各欲厚其生而不得，夫安得不轻死；民之轻弃其生由于生生之厚，而民之厚生由于上之自厚其生，有以诱之而又夺之；末语为老氏宗旨，因言俗弊而遂及之。校记谓傅奕「饥」「治」「死」下各多「者」字、三「以其」下傅奕多「也」字，傅奕作「以其上求生之厚也」，一本无「夫」字，傅奕「生为」下有「贵」字，「是贤于贵生焉」各本无「焉」字、傅奕「焉」作「也」，此二句从《淮南子》。河上公题「贪损第七十五」；成玄英题「人之饥章第七十五」；吕惠卿、苏辙并题「民之饥章第七十五」；王弼本、陆希声本无章题；憨山次为七十五章而无章题；吴澄、魏源均以此章为其第六十二章。诸本异文：陆希声本经文、传悉作「饥」，余家作「饥」，二字简体并作「饥」；吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄作「人之轻死」，成玄英疏、李荣注及河上公注所引亦作「人」；王弼、河上公注、陆希声、憨山作「以其求生之厚」，吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、成玄英疏、李荣注、魏源作「以其生生之厚」，傅奕作「以其上求生之厚也」；唐玄宗御注作「无以厚其生为」，吕惠卿本经文作「惟无以生为者」；陆希声、吴澄作「是贤于贵生也」，魏源作「是贤于贵生焉」。正文从王弼通行本，异文见校记。", "dataFile": "data/chapters/laozi-75.json", "relationsFile": "data/commentary-relations-laozi-75.json", "url": "/laozi/75/", "volumeId": "dejing", "volumeTitle": "德經", "volumeTitleSimp": "德经", "orderLabel": "第七十五" }, "edition": { "base": "王弼《老子注》", "baseEdition": "王弼《老子注》通行本（德經卷四）", "separation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、嚴遵《道德真經指歸》、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》諸本對校；河上公此章據四部叢刊本、參《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引；王弼此章據道藏本而正文從通行本；成玄英、唐玄宗御注御疏、嚴遵、李榮此章據《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引；陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄據《道藏》本卷四；王夫之《老子衍》公開轉錄本止於第六十六章；俞樾《諸子平議》此章未列", "punctuation": "數字轉錄所附現代標點，本站僅作閱讀輔助，尚未逐字復核原刻", "digital": "中華典藏網、識典古籍、大道家園公開轉錄、Kanripo 漢籍全文資料庫（僅作文字底本）", "caution": "王弼道藏本此章正文作「民之飢以其上食稅之多是以飢民之難治以其上之有為是以難治民之輕死以其求生之厚是以輕死夫唯無以生為者是賢於貴生」，與通行本合，止有一條總注。河上公題「貪損第七十五」；成玄英題「人之飢章第七十五」；呂惠卿、蘇轍並題「民之飢章第七十五」；王弼本、陸希聲本無章題；憨山次為七十五章而無章題；吳澄、魏源均以此章為其第六十二章。諸本異文：陸希聲「飢」皆作幾聲之「饑」（二字簡體無別）；呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄及成玄英疏作「人之輕死」，呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、魏源作「以其生生之厚」；呂惠卿無「夫」字；陸希聲、吳澄末句作「也」，魏源作「焉」。正文從王弼通行本，異文見校記。", "baseSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "baseEditionSimp": "王弼《老子注》通行本（德经卷四）", "separationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、严遵《道德真经指归》、李荣《道德真经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》诸本对校；河上公此章据四部丛刊本、参《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引；王弼此章据道藏本而正文从通行本；成玄英、唐玄宗御注御疏、严遵、李荣此章据《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引；陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄据《道藏》本卷四；王夫之《老子衍》公开转录本止于第六十六章；俞樾《诸子平议》此章未列", "punctuationSimp": "数字转录所附现代标点，本站仅作阅读辅助，尚未逐字复核原刻", "digitalSimp": "中华典藏网、识典古籍、大道家园公开转录、Kanripo 汉籍全文资料库（仅作文字底本）", "cautionSimp": "王弼道藏本此章正文作「民之饥以其上食税之多是以饥民之难治以其上之有为是以难治民之轻死以其求生之厚是以轻死夫唯无以生为者是贤于贵生」，与通行本合，止有一条总注。河上公题「贪损第七十五」；成玄英题「人之饥章第七十五」；吕惠卿、苏辙并题「民之饥章第七十五」；王弼本、陆希声本无章题；憨山次为七十五章而无章题；吴澄、魏源均以此章为其第六十二章。诸本异文：陆希声「饥」皆作几声之「饥」（二字简体无别）；吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄及成玄英疏作「人之轻死」，吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、魏源作「以其生生之厚」；吕惠卿无「夫」字；陆希声、吴澄末句作「也」，魏源作「焉」。正文从王弼通行本，异文见校记。" }, "license": { "historical": "公有領域", "translation": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "code": "MIT" }, "stats": { "sentences": 4, "commentaries": 38, "charNotes": 11, "collations": 7 } }, "sources": [ { "id": "heshanggong", "name": "河上公章句", "short": "河上公", "author": "河上公", "work": "老子道德經章句", "era": "漢", "years": "傳漢文帝時", "color": "#a3542c", "desc": "分章句解，兼重治身與治國；此章題「貪損第七十五」，逐句為注四條：以人民飢寒由君上稅食下太多、民皆化上為貪叛道違德釋飢；以民不可治由君上多欲好有為釋難治；以人民輕犯死由求生活之道太厚、貪利以自危釋輕死；以獨無以生為務者爵祿不干於意、財利不入於身、天子不得臣、諸侯不得使則賢於貴生。此章據四部叢刊本，參《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引；注四條。", "count": 4, "nameSimp": "河上公章句", "workSimp": "老子道德经章句", "authorSimp": "河上公", "eraSimp": "汉", "yearsSimp": "传汉文帝时", "descSimp": "分章句解，兼重治身与治国；此章题「贪损第七十五」，逐句为注四条：以人民饥寒由君上税食下太多、民皆化上为贪叛道违德释饥；以民不可治由君上多欲好有为释难治；以人民轻犯死由求生活之道太厚、贪利以自危释轻死；以独无以生为务者爵禄不干于意、财利不入于身、天子不得臣、诸侯不得使则贤于贵生。此章据四部丛刊本，参《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引；注四条。", "shortSimp": "河上公" }, { "id": "wangbi", "name": "王弼老子注", "short": "王弼", "author": "王弼", "work": "老子道德經注", "era": "魏", "years": "226–249", "color": "#4a5a7a", "desc": "以無為本、以崇本息末為宗；此章僅一條總注：言民之所以僻、治之所以亂，皆由上，不由其下，民從上也。王弼不逐句訓詁，直以「由上」二字綱維全章，為諸家立說之樞紐。此章據道藏本，經注相連，今析存注文；注一條。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "王弼老子注", "workSimp": "老子道德经注", "authorSimp": "王弼", "eraSimp": "魏", "yearsSimp": "226–249", "descSimp": "以无为本、以崇本息末为宗；此章仅一条总注：言民之所以僻、治之所以乱，皆由上，不由其下，民从上也。王弼不逐句训诂，直以「由上」二字纲维全章，为诸家立说之枢纽。此章据道藏本，经注相连，今析存注文；注一条。", "shortSimp": "王弼" }, { "id": "chengxuanying", "name": "成玄英疏", "short": "成疏", "author": "成玄英", "work": "老子道德經義疏", "era": "唐", "years": "約 608–669", "color": "#6b7a4a", "desc": "以重玄雙遣為宗；此章《玄德纂疏》卷十九存章義與疏。章義分全章為三別：一明眾生所以無德、為耽染有為，二明眾生所以殘年、為資生太甚，三示忘生之美以勖學人；又引文景恩流、成康化美、漢曰措刑、楛矢神膠、訟息刑清以明無為之效。其疏全就理身說：以飢為內無德、上為心、稅為聚斂、食為滋味，謂心緣前境多貪滋味故壞德；以百行馳騖、心耽有為釋難治；以迷情顛倒、多貪六塵、厚資四大釋輕死；以坐忘無相、膻臊榮利釋無以生為。章義二則、疏四條。", "count": 6, "nameSimp": "成玄英疏", "workSimp": "老子道德经义疏", "authorSimp": "成玄英", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "约 608–669", "descSimp": "以重玄双遣为宗；此章《玄德纂疏》卷十九存章义与疏。章义分全章为三别：一明众生所以无德、为耽染有为，二明众生所以残年、为资生太甚，三示忘生之美以勖学人；又引文景恩流、成康化美、汉曰措刑、楛矢神胶、讼息刑清以明无为之效。其疏全就理身说：以饥为内无德、上为心、税为聚敛、食为滋味，谓心缘前境多贪滋味故坏德；以百行驰骛、心耽有为释难治；以迷情颠倒、多贪六尘、厚资四大释轻死；以坐忘无相、膻臊荣利释无以生为。章义二则、疏四条。", "shortSimp": "成疏" }, { "id": "tangxuanzong", "name": "唐玄宗御注御疏", "short": "御注", "author": "唐玄宗", "work": "道德真經注疏", "era": "唐", "years": "685–762", "color": "#9a4b3f", "desc": "御注簡質、御疏詳申，以理國修身並重；此章御注四條、御疏四條，分列。御注以君上食用賦稅太多致人飢乏不足，以有為則難理、詐興多，以違分求生大厚，以養過其分、分過則生亡而無以厚其生為者賢於貴生。御疏申言夫人者國之本，政煩賦重則國本斯弊、弊則危矣；為理之本諒在無為，有為則政煩而人擾、動生大偽；人輕入死地喪其生，皆以不顧刑網以徇所求；生有涯而安分則足，不厚生而生全、求厚生而生喪。此章據《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引。", "count": 8, "nameSimp": "唐玄宗御注御疏", "workSimp": "道德真经注疏", "authorSimp": "唐玄宗", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "685–762", "descSimp": "御注简质、御疏详申，以理国修身并重；此章御注四条、御疏四条，分列。御注以君上食用赋税太多致人饥乏不足，以有为则难理、诈兴多，以违分求生大厚，以养过其分、分过则生亡而无以厚其生为者贤于贵生。御疏申言夫人者国之本，政烦赋重则国本斯弊、弊则危矣；为理之本谅在无为，有为则政烦而人扰、动生大伪；人轻入死地丧其生，皆以不顾刑网以徇所求；生有涯而安分则足，不厚生而生全、求厚生而生丧。此章据《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引。", "shortSimp": "御注" }, { "id": "yanzun", "name": "嚴遵指歸", "short": "嚴指歸", "author": "嚴遵", "work": "道德真經指歸", "era": "漢", "years": "約前 83–10", "color": "#7a5c3e", "desc": "以自然無為、道德性命為宗；此章原卷早缺，《玄德纂疏》卷十九存「嚴曰」三則：以民化上有為、情偽難治釋難治；以求生太厚之故輕入死地釋輕死；以自然之道常與物反、無身者生、有身者死、無以人為可以康寧、無以生為可以長生釋無以生為。「民之飢」一句無輯文。輯文三條。", "count": 3, "nameSimp": "严遵指归", "workSimp": "道德真经指归", "authorSimp": "严遵", "eraSimp": "汉", "yearsSimp": "约前 83–10", "descSimp": "以自然无为、道德性命为宗；此章原卷早缺，《玄德纂疏》卷十九存「严曰」三则：以民化上有为、情伪难治释难治；以求生太厚之故轻入死地释轻死；以自然之道常与物反、无身者生、有身者死、无以人为可以康宁、无以生为可以长生释无以生为。「民之饥」一句无辑文。辑文三条。", "shortSimp": "严指归" }, { "id": "lirong", "name": "李榮注", "short": "李榮", "author": "李榮", "work": "道德真經注", "era": "唐", "years": "約 600–680", "color": "#5f6f8a", "desc": "以道本德用、修身治國並說為宗；此章四注：以百姓飢窮、四民困乏非佗由也、稅重賦多釋飢；以有為撓物所以難治、無為正身自然易化釋難治；以重生之人制浮情於正性、輕死之輩溺邪識於愛流、事積則亂心、味多則爽口、縱欲喪身釋輕死；以厚養過其分遂致傷生、達至道者觀身非有、悟理無生、與虛淨而合德、雖不養生而生自養釋賢於貴生，並訓賢為德、貴為重。此章據《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引。", "count": 4, "nameSimp": "李荣注", "workSimp": "道德真经注", "authorSimp": "李荣", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "约 600–680", "descSimp": "以道本德用、修身治国并说为宗；此章四注：以百姓饥穷、四民困乏非佗由也、税重赋多释饥；以有为挠物所以难治、无为正身自然易化释难治；以重生之人制浮情于正性、轻死之辈溺邪识于爱流、事积则乱心、味多则爽口、纵欲丧身释轻死；以厚养过其分遂致伤生、达至道者观身非有、悟理无生、与虚净而合德、虽不养生而生自养释贤于贵生，并训贤为德、贵为重。此章据《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引。", "shortSimp": "李荣" }, { "id": "luxisheng", "name": "陸希聲傳", "short": "陸傳", "author": "陸希聲", "work": "道德經傳", "era": "唐", "years": "？–895", "color": "#8a6f3a", "desc": "以體用、本末說經，長於政教；此章傳一段：古者公田籍而不稅，後世什一而稅，為天下之中，今之在上取民食稅之多則民不得不飢；古之在上者無為無欲故其民少事各遂其性，今也其上有為有欲故其民多事不得安其生，至於難以致治；民之生有常理不可厚，苟厚其生必過於理，過理生生必得其死；夫唯無以其生為生者，外其身而身存，則賢於貴其生者遠矣。傳一段。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "陆希声传", "workSimp": "道德经传", "authorSimp": "陆希声", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "？–895", "descSimp": "以体用、本末说经，长于政教；此章传一段：古者公田籍而不税，后世什一而税，为天下之中，今之在上取民食税之多则民不得不饥；古之在上者无为无欲故其民少事各遂其性，今也其上有为有欲故其民多事不得安其生，至于难以致治；民之生有常理不可厚，苟厚其生必过于理，过理生生必得其死；夫唯无以其生为生者，外其身而身存，则贤于贵其生者远矣。传一段。", "shortSimp": "陆传" }, { "id": "lvhuiqing", "name": "呂惠卿傳", "short": "呂傳", "author": "呂惠卿", "work": "道德真經傳", "era": "宋", "years": "1032–1111", "color": "#6a7d5a", "desc": "以道體無知、守母為本；此章題「民之飢章第七十五」，傳一段：以一夫之耕足以食數口、織而衣耕而食是謂同德，歷舉三「非以其上……耶」反復申三句之義；歸於聖人無事而民自富、無欲而民自樸、無為而民自化、好靜而民自正，則食稅之多而飢、有為而難治、生生之厚而輕死皆無有也；謂生生之厚而至於輕死，以其踶跂好知、爭歸於利而不可止；末以聖人不自見以外其身、不自貴以遺其生結之。傳一段。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "吕惠卿传", "workSimp": "道德真经传", "authorSimp": "吕惠卿", "eraSimp": "宋", "yearsSimp": "1032–1111", "descSimp": "以道体无知、守母为本；此章题「民之饥章第七十五」，传一段：以一夫之耕足以食数口、织而衣耕而食是谓同德，历举三「非以其上……耶」反复申三句之义；归于圣人无事而民自富、无欲而民自朴、无为而民自化、好静而民自正，则食税之多而饥、有为而难治、生生之厚而轻死皆无有也；谓生生之厚而至于轻死，以其踶跂好知、争归于利而不可止；末以圣人不自见以外其身、不自贵以遗其生结之。传一段。", "shortSimp": "吕传" }, { "id": "suzhe", "name": "蘇轍老子解", "short": "蘇解", "author": "蘇轍", "work": "老子解", "era": "宋", "years": "1039–1112", "color": "#5d7080", "desc": "以體道無知、無所施設為宗；此章題「民之飢章第七十五」，三條：上以有為導民，民亦以有為應之，故事多而難治；上以利欲先民，民亦爭厚其生，故雖死而求利不厭；貴生之極必至於輕死，惟無以生為而生自全矣。「民之飢」一句無注。解三條。", "count": 3, "nameSimp": "苏辙老子解", "workSimp": "老子解", "authorSimp": "苏辙", "eraSimp": "宋", "yearsSimp": "1039–1112", "descSimp": "以体道无知、无所施设为宗；此章题「民之饥章第七十五」，三条：上以有为导民，民亦以有为应之，故事多而难治；上以利欲先民，民亦争厚其生，故虽死而求利不厌；贵生之极必至于轻死，惟无以生为而生自全矣。「民之饥」一句无注。解三条。", "shortSimp": "苏解" }, { "id": "wucheng", "name": "吳澄道德真經注", "short": "吳注", "author": "吳澄", "work": "道德真經注", "era": "元", "years": "1249–1333", "color": "#7b5f7a", "desc": "以理氣、斂退說經，兼重字義訓詁；此章為其第六十二章。注三條：以食謂君所食於民者、稅則民之所出以供上之食者，上多取於民則民飢且貧；以有為以智術御其下、下亦以姦詐欺其上故難治；以輕為易、生生之厚為求生之心太重、賢猶勝、貴生為貴重其生，謂保養太過將欲不死而適以易死，至人非不愛生、順其自然、無所容心，若無以生為者然，外其身而身存。注三條。", "count": 3, "nameSimp": "吴澄道德真经注", "workSimp": "道德真经注", "authorSimp": "吴澄", "eraSimp": "元", "yearsSimp": "1249–1333", "descSimp": "以理气、敛退说经，兼重字义训诂；此章为其第六十二章。注三条：以食谓君所食于民者、税则民之所出以供上之食者，上多取于民则民饥且贫；以有为以智术御其下、下亦以奸诈欺其上故难治；以轻为易、生生之厚为求生之心太重、贤犹胜、贵生为贵重其生，谓保养太过将欲不死而适以易死，至人非不爱生、顺其自然、无所容心，若无以生为者然，外其身而身存。注三条。", "shortSimp": "吴注" }, { "id": "hanshan", "name": "憨山道德經解", "short": "憨山", "author": "釋德清", "work": "道德經解", "era": "明", "years": "1546–1623", "color": "#8a5f4a", "desc": "以真修、復性為本，兼重教化；此章次為七十五章而無章題，整段作解，今析為二段：謂此釋上章民不畏死之所以、教治天下者當以淡泊無欲為本，以無君子莫治野人、無野人莫養君子見上下同一命根，取之有制猶可免於飢寒，太多則奪民之食以自奉，凡賊盜起於飢寒，法令茲彰、盜賊多有，民之輕死良由在上求生之厚；又以厚為重、謂此句影前當有一上字方盡其妙，以但知生之可貴、以養生為事而不知有生之主，苟知養生之主則欲自消而心自靜、天下治矣，並謂當熟讀《莊子》《養生主》《馬蹄》《胠篋》諸篇便是注解。解二段。", "count": 2, "nameSimp": "憨山道德经解", "workSimp": "道德经解", "authorSimp": "释德清", "eraSimp": "明", "yearsSimp": "1546–1623", "descSimp": "以真修、复性为本，兼重教化；此章次为七十五章而无章题，整段作解，今析为二段：谓此释上章民不畏死之所以、教治天下者当以淡泊无欲为本，以无君子莫治野人、无野人莫养君子见上下同一命根，取之有制犹可免于饥寒，太多则夺民之食以自奉，凡贼盗起于饥寒，法令兹彰、盗贼多有，民之轻死良由在上求生之厚；又以厚为重、谓此句影前当有一上字方尽其妙，以但知生之可贵、以养生为事而不知有生之主，苟知养生之主则欲自消而心自静、天下治矣，并谓当熟读《庄子》《养生主》《马蹄》《胠箧》诸篇便是注解。解二段。", "shortSimp": "憨山" }, { "id": "weiyuan", "name": "魏源老子本義", "short": "魏源", "author": "魏源", "work": "老子本義", "era": "清", "years": "1794–1857", "color": "#5a6a5a", "desc": "以不盈務內為宗，博引諸家而斷以源案；此章為其第六十二章。本義一段：謂此承上章「民不畏死，奈何以死懼之」而申言，稅即租也，引王弼「皆由上不由下」、呂惠卿「無事而民自富」、張爾岐「在上不多取多事以病其下」諸說，斷以源案：我自厚其生則人亦各欲厚其生，人各欲厚其生而不得，夫安得不輕死；民之輕棄其生由於生生之厚，而民之厚生由於上之自厚其生，有以誘之而又奪之。校記一條：歷記傅奕「飢」「治」「死」下各有「者」字、「以其生生之厚」傅奕作「以其上求生之厚也」、一本無「夫」字、傅奕「生為」下有「貴」字、末句作「是賢於貴生焉」而各本無「焉」字。本義一段、校記一條。", "count": 2, "nameSimp": "魏源老子本义", "workSimp": "老子本义", "authorSimp": "魏源", "eraSimp": "清", "yearsSimp": "1794–1857", "descSimp": "以不盈务内为宗，博引诸家而断以源案；此章为其第六十二章。本义一段：谓此承上章「民不畏死，奈何以死惧之」而申言，税即租也，引王弼「皆由上不由下」、吕惠卿「无事而民自富」、张尔岐「在上不多取多事以病其下」诸说，断以源案：我自厚其生则人亦各欲厚其生，人各欲厚其生而不得，夫安得不轻死；民之轻弃其生由于生生之厚，而民之厚生由于上之自厚其生，有以诱之而又夺之。校记一条：历记傅奕「饥」「治」「死」下各有「者」字、「以其生生之厚」傅奕作「以其上求生之厚也」、一本无「夫」字、傅奕「生为」下有「贵」字、末句作「是贤于贵生焉」而各本无「焉」字。本义一段、校记一条。", "shortSimp": "魏源" }, { "id": "translator", "name": "本站今譯", "short": "今譯", "author": "LibreBook 編者", "work": "今譯", "era": "當代", "years": "", "color": "#8a8a8a", "desc": "編者據舊注與上下文所作語體今譯，供閱讀參照。", "count": 4, "nameSimp": "本站今译", "workSimp": "今译", "authorSimp": "LibreBook 编者", "eraSimp": "当代", "yearsSimp": "", "descSimp": "编者据旧注与上下文所作语体今译，供阅读参照。", "shortSimp": "今译" } ], "sentences": [ { "id": "s001", "paragraph": 1, "text": "民之飢，以其上食稅之多，是以飢。", "textSimp": "民之饥，以其上食税之多，是以饥。", "translation": "人民饥饿，是由于在上者索取的赋税太多，因此便饥饿了。", "translationTrad": "人民飢餓，是由於在上者索取的賦稅太多，因此便飢餓了。", "noteIds": [ "c001", "c005", "c006", "c007", "c008", "c012", "c016", "c023", "c027", "c028", "c032", "c035", "c037", "c038" ], "noteCount": 14, "charNoteIds": [ "n001", "n002", "n003" ], "key": "laozi-75:s001", "n": 1 }, { "id": "s002", "paragraph": 1, "text": "民之難治，以其上之有為，是以難治。", "textSimp": "民之难治，以其上之有为，是以难治。", "translation": "人民难于治理，是由于在上者事事有为，因此便难于治理。", "translationTrad": "人民難於治理，是由於在上者事事有為，因此便難於治理。", "noteIds": [ "c002", "c005", "c006", "c007", "c009", "c013", "c017", "c020", "c024", "c027", "c028", "c029", "c033", "c035", "c037", "c038" ], "noteCount": 16, "charNoteIds": [ "n004", "n005", "n006" ], "key": "laozi-75:s002", "n": 2 }, { "id": "s003", "paragraph": 1, "text": "民之輕死，以其求生之厚，是以輕死。", "textSimp": "民之轻死，以其求生之厚，是以轻死。", "translation": "人民轻于犯死，是由于求养其生太过厚重，因此便轻于赴死。", "translationTrad": "人民輕於犯死，是由於求養其生太過厚重，因此便輕於赴死。", "noteIds": [ "c003", "c005", "c006", "c007", "c010", "c014", "c018", "c021", "c025", "c027", "c028", "c030", "c034", "c036", "c037", "c038" ], "noteCount": 16, "charNoteIds": [ "n007", "n008", "n009" ], "key": "laozi-75:s003", "n": 3 }, { "id": "s004", "paragraph": 1, "text": "夫唯無以生為者，是賢於貴生。", "textSimp": "夫唯无以生为者，是贤于贵生。", "translation": "只有不把厚养其生当作要务的人，这就胜过珍贵其生的人了。", "translationTrad": "只有不把厚養其生當作要務的人，這就勝過珍貴其生的人了。", "noteIds": [ "c004", "c005", "c006", "c007", "c011", "c015", "c019", "c022", "c026", "c027", "c028", "c031", "c034", "c036", "c037", "c038" ], "noteCount": 16, "charNoteIds": [ "n010", "n011" ], "key": "laozi-75:s004", "n": 4 } ], "commentaries": [ { "id": "c001", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "民之飢……是以飢", "kind": "note", "text": "人民所以飢寒者，以其君上稅食下太多，故是以飢爾。是以民皆化上為貪，叛道違德，故飢也。", "authorNote": "此注據《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引；四部叢刊本作「人民所以飢深者」。後語謂民皆化上為貪，與下二句相通。", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）", "textSimp": "人民所以饥寒者，以其君上税食下太多，故是以饥尔。是以民皆化上为贪，叛道违德，故饥也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）（此注據《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引；四部叢刊本作「人民所以飢深者」。後語謂民皆化上為貪，與下二句相通。）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本，参《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "此注据《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引；四部丛刊本作「人民所以饥深者」。后语谓民皆化上为贪，与下二句相通。", "lemmaSimp": "民之饥……是以饥" }, { "id": "c002", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "民之難治……是以難治", "kind": "note", "text": "民之不可治者，以其君上多欲好有為也。是以難治。", "authorNote": "四部叢刊本此句下又有「是以其民化上有為，情偽難治」二語，與《纂疏》所引嚴遵輯文同，今不取入河上公注。", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）", "textSimp": "民之不可治者，以其君上多欲好有为也。是以难治。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）（四部叢刊本此句下又有「是以其民化上有為，情偽難治」二語，與《纂疏》所引嚴遵輯文同，今不取入河上公注。）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本，参《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "四部丛刊本此句下又有「是以其民化上有为，情伪难治」二语，与《纂疏》所引严遵辑文同，今不取入河上公注。", "lemmaSimp": "民之难治……是以难治" }, { "id": "c003", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "民之輕死……是以輕死", "kind": "note", "text": "人民所以輕犯死者，以其求生活之道太厚，貪利以自危也。是以輕死。", "authorNote": "《纂疏》本此條上引經文作「人之輕死，以其求生之厚」；四部叢刊本同。", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）", "textSimp": "人民所以轻犯死者，以其求生活之道太厚，贪利以自危也。是以轻死。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）（《纂疏》本此條上引經文作「人之輕死，以其求生之厚」；四部叢刊本同。）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本，参《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "《纂疏》本此条上引经文作「人之轻死，以其求生之厚」；四部丛刊本同。", "lemmaSimp": "民之轻死……是以轻死" }, { "id": "c004", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "夫唯無以生為者……是賢於貴生", "kind": "note", "text": "夫唯獨無以生為務者，爵祿不干於意，財利不入於身，天子不得臣，諸侯不得使，則賢於貴生也。", "authorNote": "此注以「爵祿不干於意」說無以生為，治身、治國兩義並具。", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）", "textSimp": "夫唯独无以生为务者，爵禄不干于意，财利不入于身，天子不得臣，诸侯不得使，则贤于贵生也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）（此注以「爵祿不干於意」說無以生為，治身、治國兩義並具。）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本，参《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "此注以「爵禄不干于意」说无以生为，治身、治国两义并具。", "lemmaSimp": "夫唯无以生为者……是贤于贵生" }, { "id": "c005", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "全章", "kind": "note", "text": "言民之所以僻，治之所以亂，皆由上，不由其下也。民從上也。", "authorNote": "王弼本此章止一條總注，歷貫三句而結以「民從上」；道藏本經注相連，今析存注文。", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》（道藏本）", "textSimp": "言民之所以僻，治之所以乱，皆由上，不由其下也。民从上也。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》（道藏本）（王弼本此章止一條總注，歷貫三句而結以「民從上」；道藏本經注相連，今析存注文。）", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》（道藏本）", "authorNoteSimp": "王弼本此章止一条总注，历贯三句而结以「民从上」；道藏本经注相连，今析存注文。", "lemmaSimp": "全章" }, { "id": "c006", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "章義·科段", "kind": "note", "text": "人之飢章所以次前者，前章明眾生為罪既深，必招苦報，故次此章，即明所以獲斯苦報，為耽著有為。故此章中具明有為之狀。就此一章義開三別：第一明眾生所以無德，為耽染有為；第二明眾生所以殘年，為資生太甚；第三示忘生之美，以勖學人。", "authorNote": "此成玄英章義科段，《纂疏》本以雙行小字括注出之，今析錄。", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）", "textSimp": "人之饥章所以次前者，前章明众生为罪既深，必招苦报，故次此章，即明所以获斯苦报，为耽着有为。故此章中具明有为之状。就此一章义开三别：第一明众生所以无德，为耽染有为；第二明众生所以残年，为资生太甚；第三示忘生之美，以勖学人。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）（此成玄英章義科段，《纂疏》本以雙行小字括注出之，今析錄。）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "此成玄英章义科段，《纂疏》本以双行小字括注出之，今析录。", "lemmaSimp": "章义·科段" }, { "id": "c007", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "章義·引證", "kind": "note", "text": "夫道術相忘，人斯得趣，江湖放曠，魚也自全。至如文景恩流，成康化美，固周稱大賫，漢曰措刑，楛矢東來，神膠西至，四人安泰，百姓無為，鄉貢八蠶之綿，田收再熟之稻，和風靡於晨夕，甘露下於軒庭，太子德富於青宮，公卿道弼於丹闕，天平地正，訟息刑清。", "authorNote": "「固周稱大賫」原卷如此，疑即《書》「大賚于四海」之文，今仍其舊。《纂疏》本此則續引「堯人比屋而可封」而下數句，原卷字多訛脫，今不取。", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）", "textSimp": "夫道术相忘，人斯得趣，江湖放旷，鱼也自全。至如文景恩流，成康化美，固周称大赍，汉曰措刑，楛矢东来，神胶西至，四人安泰，百姓无为，乡贡八蚕之绵，田收再熟之稻，和风靡于晨夕，甘露下于轩庭，太子德富于青宫，公卿道弼于丹阙，天平地正，讼息刑清。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）（「固周稱大賫」原卷如此，疑即《書》「大賚于四海」之文，今仍其舊。《纂疏》本此則續引「堯人比屋而可封」而下數句，原卷字多訛脫，今不取。）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "「固周称大赍」原卷如此，疑即《书》「大赉于四海」之文，今仍其旧。《纂疏》本此则续引「尧人比屋而可封」而下数句，原卷字多讹脱，今不取。", "lemmaSimp": "章义·引证" }, { "id": "c008", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "民之飢……是以飢", "kind": "note", "text": "飢，謂內無德也。上，心也。心為五藏百行之主，故稱為上也。稅者，聚斂也。食者，滋味也。言修行人所以壞德者，為心緣前境，多貪滋味故也。是以飢，結前義也。", "authorNote": "《纂疏》本此條上引經文作「民之飢，上其食稅之多」，疑有奪文，今但錄其釋語。成玄英此章全就理身說，以「上」為心、以「稅」為聚斂、以「食」為滋味。", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）", "textSimp": "饥，谓内无德也。上，心也。心为五藏百行之主，故称为上也。税者，聚敛也。食者，滋味也。言修行人所以坏德者，为心缘前境，多贪滋味故也。是以饥，结前义也。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）（《纂疏》本此條上引經文作「民之飢，上其食稅之多」，疑有奪文，今但錄其釋語。成玄英此章全就理身說，以「上」為心、以「稅」為聚斂、以「食」為滋味。）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "《纂疏》本此条上引经文作「民之饥，上其食税之多」，疑有夺文，今但录其释语。成玄英此章全就理身说，以「上」为心、以「税」为聚敛、以「食」为滋味。", "lemmaSimp": "民之饥……是以饥" }, { "id": "c009", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "民之難治……是以難治", "kind": "note", "text": "百姓之難治，以其上有為，所以百行馳騖，紛然難理。只為心耽有為，故心若無為，則諸行易治也。是知萬境唯在一心。是以難治，結前也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）", "textSimp": "百姓之难治，以其上有为，所以百行驰骛，纷然难理。只为心耽有为，故心若无为，则诸行易治也。是知万境唯在一心。是以难治，结前也。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）", "lemmaSimp": "民之难治……是以难治" }, { "id": "c010", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "民之輕死……是以輕死", "kind": "note", "text": "人之輕死，以其生生之厚。修行人所以不終天年而輕入死地者，以其迷情顛倒，未能悟達，不知物我俱幻，即生無生，既而多貪六塵，厚資四大故也。是以輕死，結前義也。", "authorNote": "成疏所引經文作「人之輕死，以其生生之厚」，與王弼本「民之輕死，以其求生之厚」異，說見校記。", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）", "textSimp": "人之轻死，以其生生之厚。修行人所以不终天年而轻入死地者，以其迷情颠倒，未能悟达，不知物我俱幻，即生无生，既而多贪六尘，厚资四大故也。是以轻死，结前义也。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）（成疏所引經文作「人之輕死，以其生生之厚」，與王弼本「民之輕死，以其求生之厚」異，說見校記。）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "成疏所引经文作「人之轻死，以其生生之厚」，与王弼本「民之轻死，以其求生之厚」异，说见校记。", "lemmaSimp": "民之轻死……是以轻死" }, { "id": "c011", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "夫唯無以生為者……是賢於貴生", "kind": "note", "text": "賢，善也。玄悟之士，非滅色空，焉能坐忘而生無相？是以膻臊榮利，厭穢風塵，故獨不以生為生者，是善能攝貴生之人也。", "authorNote": "《纂疏》本「攝」下原卷有一訛字，今據文意省。", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）", "textSimp": "贤，善也。玄悟之士，非灭色空，焉能坐忘而生无相？是以膻臊荣利，厌秽风尘，故独不以生为生者，是善能摄贵生之人也。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）（《纂疏》本「攝」下原卷有一訛字，今據文意省。）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "《纂疏》本「摄」下原卷有一讹字，今据文意省。", "lemmaSimp": "夫唯无以生为者……是贤于贵生" }, { "id": "c012", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "民之飢……是以飢", "kind": "note", "text": "天下之人所以飢乏不足，以其君上食用賦稅之太多。", "authorNote": "此為御注。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "天下之人所以饥乏不足，以其君上食用赋税之太多。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引御注御疏）（此為御注。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注。", "lemmaSimp": "民之饥……是以饥" }, { "id": "c013", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "民之難治……是以難治", "kind": "note", "text": "天下之人所以難治化，為其君上有為則難理，詐興多爾。", "authorNote": "此為御注。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "天下之人所以难治化，为其君上有为则难理，诈兴多尔。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引御注御疏）（此為御注。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注。", "lemmaSimp": "民之难治……是以难治" }, { "id": "c014", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "民之輕死……是以輕死", "kind": "note", "text": "天下人輕死者，以其違分求生大厚之故，是以輕死爾。", "authorNote": "此為御注。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "天下人轻死者，以其违分求生大厚之故，是以轻死尔。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引御注御疏）（此為御注。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注。", "lemmaSimp": "民之轻死……是以轻死" }, { "id": "c015", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "夫唯無以生為者……是賢於貴生", "kind": "note", "text": "自然之分足則生全，若養過其分，分過則生亡，故夫唯無以厚其生為者，是賢於貴生乎。", "authorNote": "此為御注。御注作「無以厚其生為」，較經文多一「厚」字。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "自然之分足则生全，若养过其分，分过则生亡，故夫唯无以厚其生为者，是贤于贵生乎。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引御注御疏）（此為御注。御注作「無以厚其生為」，較經文多一「厚」字。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注。御注作「无以厚其生为」，较经文多一「厚」字。", "lemmaSimp": "夫唯无以生为者……是贤于贵生" }, { "id": "c016", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "民之飢……是以飢", "kind": "note", "text": "夫人，國之本也。若政煩賦重而人貧乏，則國本斯弊，弊則危矣。是以下人不足，由君上食用賦稅之太多，是以令其飢乏爾。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "夫人，国之本也。若政烦赋重而人贫乏，则国本斯弊，弊则危矣。是以下人不足，由君上食用赋税之太多，是以令其饥乏尔。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "民之饥……是以饥" }, { "id": "c017", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "民之難治……是以難治", "kind": "note", "text": "蠢爾蒼生，資君以理。為理之本，諒在無為，故我無為而人自化。今人所以難理者，由君上之有為。有為則政煩而人擾，動生大偽，是以難理。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "蠢尔苍生，资君以理。为理之本，谅在无为，故我无为而人自化。今人所以难理者，由君上之有为。有为则政烦而人扰，动生大伪，是以难理。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "民之难治……是以难治" }, { "id": "c018", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "民之輕死……是以輕死", "kind": "note", "text": "人之所以輕入死地喪其生者，皆以其違分求生，養生太厚，不顧刑網以徇所求，是以輕死。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "人之所以轻入死地丧其生者，皆以其违分求生，养生太厚，不顾刑网以徇所求，是以轻死。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "民之轻死……是以轻死" }, { "id": "c019", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "夫唯無以生為者……是賢於貴生", "kind": "note", "text": "夫生也有涯，安分則足，既不可違，亦不可加。若營生於至當之外，則惑矣。故不厚生而生全，求厚生而生喪。故知夫無以生為憂者，是賢勝於矜貴其生之人。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "夫生也有涯，安分则足，既不可违，亦不可加。若营生于至当之外，则惑矣。故不厚生而生全，求厚生而生丧。故知夫无以生为忧者，是贤胜于矜贵其生之人。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。", "lemmaSimp": "夫唯无以生为者……是贤于贵生" }, { "id": "c020", "block": 0, "source": "yanzun", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "民之難治……是以難治", "kind": "note", "text": "是以其民化上有為，情偽難治也。", "authorNote": "《纂疏》卷十九作「嚴曰」。四部叢刊本河上公注「是以難治」下亦引此二語，知為漢唐間《老》注通行之說。", "citation": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）", "textSimp": "是以其民化上有为，情伪难治也。", "citationFull": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）（《纂疏》卷十九作「嚴曰」。四部叢刊本河上公注「是以難治」下亦引此二語，知為漢唐間《老》注通行之說。）", "citationSimp": "严遵《道德真经指归》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "《纂疏》卷十九作「严曰」。四部丛刊本河上公注「是以难治」下亦引此二语，知为汉唐间《老》注通行之说。", "lemmaSimp": "民之难治……是以难治" }, { "id": "c021", "block": 0, "source": "yanzun", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "民之輕死……是以輕死", "kind": "note", "text": "以求生太厚之故，輕入死地也。", "authorNote": "「輕入死地」，《纂疏》本「入」作「人」，四部叢刊本「是以輕死」下注語正作「故輕入死地也」，今據改。", "citation": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）", "textSimp": "以求生太厚之故，轻入死地也。", "citationFull": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）（「輕入死地」，《纂疏》本「入」作「人」，四部叢刊本「是以輕死」下注語正作「故輕入死地也」，今據改。）", "citationSimp": "严遵《道德真经指归》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "「轻入死地」，《纂疏》本「入」作「人」，四部丛刊本「是以轻死」下注语正作「故轻入死地也」，今据改。", "lemmaSimp": "民之轻死……是以轻死" }, { "id": "c022", "block": 0, "source": "yanzun", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "夫唯無以生為者……是賢於貴生", "kind": "note", "text": "自然之道，常與物反。無身者生，有身者死。生而趨利者，為死之元；無生去利者，為生之始。無以人為，可以康寧；無以生為，可以長生也。", "authorNote": "此則「無以人為」與「無以生為」並舉，人、生互文，可補經文「夫唯無以生為者」之義。", "citation": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）", "textSimp": "自然之道，常与物反。无身者生，有身者死。生而趋利者，为死之元；无生去利者，为生之始。无以人为，可以康宁；无以生为，可以长生也。", "citationFull": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）（此則「無以人為」與「無以生為」並舉，人、生互文，可補經文「夫唯無以生為者」之義。）", "citationSimp": "严遵《道德真经指归》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "此则「无以人为」与「无以生为」并举，人、生互文，可补经文「夫唯无以生为者」之义。", "lemmaSimp": "夫唯无以生为者……是贤于贵生" }, { "id": "c023", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "民之飢……是以飢", "kind": "note", "text": "百姓飢窮，四民困乏，非佗由也，稅重賦多。", "authorNote": "「非佗由也」猶言非其他緣由。", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）", "textSimp": "百姓饥穷，四民困乏，非佗由也，税重赋多。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）（「非佗由也」猶言非其他緣由。）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "「非佗由也」犹言非其他缘由。", "lemmaSimp": "民之饥……是以饥" }, { "id": "c024", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "民之難治……是以難治", "kind": "note", "text": "有為撓物，所以難治；無為正身，自然易化。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）", "textSimp": "有为挠物，所以难治；无为正身，自然易化。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）", "lemmaSimp": "民之难治……是以难治" }, { "id": "c025", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "民之輕死……是以輕死", "kind": "note", "text": "重生之人，制浮情於正性；輕死之輩，溺邪識於愛流。取彼有生之生命，以養虛假之身故，言生生之厚。厚者，積也，多也。事積則亂心，味多則爽口。不能重慎以保長生，縱欲喪身，輕之死地也。", "authorNote": "原卷「虛」作「虚」、「净」作「浄」（二字簡體無別），今從本站繁體標準。「輕之死地」原卷如此。", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）", "textSimp": "重生之人，制浮情于正性；轻死之辈，溺邪识于爱流。取彼有生之生命，以养虚假之身故，言生生之厚。厚者，积也，多也。事积则乱心，味多则爽口。不能重慎以保长生，纵欲丧身，轻之死地也。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）（原卷「虛」作「虚」、「净」作「浄」（二字簡體無別），今從本站繁體標準。「輕之死地」原卷如此。）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "原卷「虚」作「虚」、「净」作「浄」（二字简体无别），今从本站繁体标准。「轻之死地」原卷如此。", "lemmaSimp": "民之轻死……是以轻死" }, { "id": "c026", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "夫唯無以生為者……是賢於貴生", "kind": "note", "text": "天以生為有，而厚養過其分，遂致傷生，此未能重生也。達至道者，觀身非有，悟理無生，不見虛假之形，自祛染愛之累，與虛淨而合德，共至道而同根。雖不養生，而生自養，此所為能重生也。賢，德也；貴，重也。", "authorNote": "此注以「觀身非有、悟理無生」說無以生為，末以「賢，德也；貴，重也」訓字。", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）", "textSimp": "天以生为有，而厚养过其分，遂致伤生，此未能重生也。达至道者，观身非有，悟理无生，不见虚假之形，自祛染爱之累，与虚净而合德，共至道而同根。虽不养生，而生自养，此所为能重生也。贤，德也；贵，重也。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）（此注以「觀身非有、悟理無生」說無以生為，末以「賢，德也；貴，重也」訓字。）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "此注以「观身非有、悟理无生」说无以生为，末以「贤，德也；贵，重也」训字。", "lemmaSimp": "夫唯无以生为者……是贤于贵生" }, { "id": "c027", "block": 0, "source": "luxisheng", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "全章", "kind": "note", "text": "古者公田籍而不稅，後世什一而稅，亦天下之中也。今之在上取民食稅之多，則民不得不饑矣。古之在上者無為無欲，是以其民少事，各遂其性；今也其上有為有欲，是以其民多事，不得安其生，故至於難以致治也。民之生也，蓋有常理，不可厚也；苟厚其生，必過於理；過理生生，必得其死，是以輕至於死，由於生生。夫唯無以其生為生者，是以外其身而身存也。外其身而身存，則賢於貴其生者遠矣。", "authorNote": "陸希聲本經文「飢」皆作幾聲之「饑」（二字簡體無別），末句作「是賢於貴生也」；傳以「難以致治」當經文「難治」，說與諸家小異。", "citation": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本卷四）", "textSimp": "古者公田籍而不税，后世什一而税，亦天下之中也。今之在上取民食税之多，则民不得不饥矣。古之在上者无为无欲，是以其民少事，各遂其性；今也其上有为有欲，是以其民多事，不得安其生，故至于难以致治也。民之生也，盖有常理，不可厚也；苟厚其生，必过于理；过理生生，必得其死，是以轻至于死，由于生生。夫唯无以其生为生者，是以外其身而身存也。外其身而身存，则贤于贵其生者远矣。", "citationFull": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本卷四）（陸希聲本經文「飢」皆作幾聲之「饑」（二字簡體無別），末句作「是賢於貴生也」；傳以「難以致治」當經文「難治」，說與諸家小異。）", "citationSimp": "陆希声《道德经传》（《道藏》本卷四）", "authorNoteSimp": "陆希声本经文「饥」皆作几声之「饥」（二字简体无别），末句作「是贤于贵生也」；传以「难以致治」当经文「难治」，说与诸家小异。", "lemmaSimp": "全章" }, { "id": "c028", "block": 0, "source": "lvhuiqing", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "全章", "kind": "note", "text": "一夫之耕，足以食數口，則奚至於飢哉？而至於飢者，非以其上食稅之多故飢耶？織而衣，耕而食，是謂同德，奚難治哉？而至於難治者，非以其上之有為故難治耶？甘其食，美其服，安其俗，樂其居，則奚至於輕死哉？而至於輕死者，非以其生生之厚故輕死耶？是以聖人無事而民自富，無欲而民自樸，則至於食稅之多而飢，無有也；無為而民自化，好靜而民自正，則至於有為而難治，無有也；自富、自樸、自化、自正而不飢，以難治，則至於生生之厚而輕死，無有也。蓋所以生生之厚而至於輕死者，以其踶跂好知、爭歸於利而不可止故也。夫唯生生之厚遂至於輕死，則無以生為者賢於貴生可知矣。是故聖人不自見以外其身，不自貴以遺其生，知其無以生為而已矣。", "authorNote": "道藏本「無」「无」錯出，今統一作「無」；「不飢，以難治」上疑有奪字，今仍其舊。呂惠卿本經文作「人之輕死，以其生生之厚」、「惟無以生為者」。", "citation": "呂惠卿《道德真經傳》（《道藏》本卷四）", "textSimp": "一夫之耕，足以食数口，则奚至于饥哉？而至于饥者，非以其上食税之多故饥耶？织而衣，耕而食，是谓同德，奚难治哉？而至于难治者，非以其上之有为故难治耶？甘其食，美其服，安其俗，乐其居，则奚至于轻死哉？而至于轻死者，非以其生生之厚故轻死耶？是以圣人无事而民自富，无欲而民自朴，则至于食税之多而饥，无有也；无为而民自化，好静而民自正，则至于有为而难治，无有也；自富、自朴、自化、自正而不饥，以难治，则至于生生之厚而轻死，无有也。盖所以生生之厚而至于轻死者，以其踶跂好知、争归于利而不可止故也。夫唯生生之厚遂至于轻死，则无以生为者贤于贵生可知矣。是故圣人不自见以外其身，不自贵以遗其生，知其无以生为而已矣。", "citationFull": "呂惠卿《道德真經傳》（《道藏》本卷四）（道藏本「無」「无」錯出，今統一作「無」；「不飢，以難治」上疑有奪字，今仍其舊。呂惠卿本經文作「人之輕死，以其生生之厚」、「惟無以生為者」。）", "citationSimp": "吕惠卿《道德真经传》（《道藏》本卷四）", "authorNoteSimp": "道藏本「无」「无」错出，今统一作「无」；「不饥，以难治」上疑有夺字，今仍其旧。吕惠卿本经文作「人之轻死，以其生生之厚」、「惟无以生为者」。", "lemmaSimp": "全章" }, { "id": "c029", "block": 0, "source": "suzhe", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "民之難治……是以難治", "kind": "note", "text": "上以有為導民，民亦以有為應之，故事多而難治。", "authorNote": "蘇轍本此章「民之飢」二句連屬，而注惟釋「難治」，「民之飢」一句無注。", "citation": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本卷四）", "textSimp": "上以有为导民，民亦以有为应之，故事多而难治。", "citationFull": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本卷四）（蘇轍本此章「民之飢」二句連屬，而注惟釋「難治」，「民之飢」一句無注。）", "citationSimp": "苏辙《老子解》（《道藏》本卷四）", "authorNoteSimp": "苏辙本此章「民之饥」二句连属，而注惟释「难治」，「民之饥」一句无注。", "lemmaSimp": "民之难治……是以难治" }, { "id": "c030", "block": 0, "source": "suzhe", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "民之輕死……是以輕死", "kind": "note", "text": "上以利欲先民，民亦爭厚其生，故雖死而求利不厭。", "authorNote": "蘇轍本經文作「人之輕死，以其生生之厚」。", "citation": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本卷四）", "textSimp": "上以利欲先民，民亦争厚其生，故虽死而求利不厌。", "citationFull": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本卷四）（蘇轍本經文作「人之輕死，以其生生之厚」。）", "citationSimp": "苏辙《老子解》（《道藏》本卷四）", "authorNoteSimp": "苏辙本经文作「人之轻死，以其生生之厚」。", "lemmaSimp": "民之轻死……是以轻死" }, { "id": "c031", "block": 0, "source": "suzhe", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "夫唯無以生為者……是賢於貴生", "kind": "note", "text": "貴生之極，必至於輕死；惟無以生為而生自全矣。", "authorNote": "蘇轍本經文「夫唯」作「夫惟」。", "citation": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本卷四）", "textSimp": "贵生之极，必至于轻死；惟无以生为而生自全矣。", "citationFull": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本卷四）（蘇轍本經文「夫唯」作「夫惟」。）", "citationSimp": "苏辙《老子解》（《道藏》本卷四）", "authorNoteSimp": "苏辙本经文「夫唯」作「夫惟」。", "lemmaSimp": "夫唯无以生为者……是贤于贵生" }, { "id": "c032", "block": 0, "source": "wucheng", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "民之飢……是以飢", "kind": "note", "text": "食，謂君所食於民者；稅，則民之所出以供上之食者也。上多取於民，則民飢且貧矣。", "authorNote": "吳澄以此章為其第六十二章，與上章合。", "citation": "吳澄《道德真經注》（《道藏》本卷四）", "textSimp": "食，谓君所食于民者；税，则民之所出以供上之食者也。上多取于民，则民饥且贫矣。", "citationFull": "吳澄《道德真經注》（《道藏》本卷四）（吳澄以此章為其第六十二章，與上章合。）", "citationSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》（《道藏》本卷四）", "authorNoteSimp": "吴澄以此章为其第六十二章，与上章合。", "lemmaSimp": "民之饥……是以饥" }, { "id": "c033", "block": 0, "source": "wucheng", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "民之難治……是以難治", "kind": "note", "text": "上有為以智術御其下，下亦以姦詐欺其上，故難治也。", "authorNote": "", "citation": "吳澄《道德真經注》（《道藏》本卷四）", "textSimp": "上有为以智术御其下，下亦以奸诈欺其上，故难治也。", "citationFull": "吳澄《道德真經注》（《道藏》本卷四）", "citationSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》（《道藏》本卷四）", "lemmaSimp": "民之难治……是以难治" }, { "id": "c034", "block": 0, "source": "wucheng", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "民之輕死……是賢於貴生", "kind": "note", "text": "輕，易也。生生之厚，求生之心太重也。賢，猶勝也。貴生，貴重其生，即生生之厚。求生之心重，保養太過，將欲不死而適以易死。至人非不愛生，順其自然，無所容心，若無以生為者然，外其身而身存，賢於重用其心以貴生而反易死也。", "authorNote": "吳澄本此二句經文連屬，故注合釋；經文作「人之輕死，以其生生之厚」、「夫惟無以生為者」、「是賢於貴生也」。", "citation": "吳澄《道德真經注》（《道藏》本卷四）", "textSimp": "轻，易也。生生之厚，求生之心太重也。贤，犹胜也。贵生，贵重其生，即生生之厚。求生之心重，保养太过，将欲不死而适以易死。至人非不爱生，顺其自然，无所容心，若无以生为者然，外其身而身存，贤于重用其心以贵生而反易死也。", "citationFull": "吳澄《道德真經注》（《道藏》本卷四）（吳澄本此二句經文連屬，故注合釋；經文作「人之輕死，以其生生之厚」、「夫惟無以生為者」、「是賢於貴生也」。）", "citationSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》（《道藏》本卷四）", "authorNoteSimp": "吴澄本此二句经文连属，故注合释；经文作「人之轻死，以其生生之厚」、「夫惟无以生为者」、「是贤于贵生也」。", "lemmaSimp": "民之轻死……是贤于贵生" }, { "id": "c035", "block": 0, "source": "hanshan", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "民之飢……是以難治", "kind": "note", "text": "此釋上章民不畏死之所以，教治天下者當以淡泊無欲為本也。凡厥有生，以食為命。故無君子莫治野人，無野人莫養君子，是則上下同一命根也。然在上之食，必取稅下民。一夫之耕，不足以養父母妻子。若取之有制，猶可免於飢寒；若取之太多，則奪民之食以自奉，使民不免於死亡。凡賊盜起於飢寒也。民既飢矣，求生不得，而必至於姦盜詐偽，無不敢為之者，雖有大威，亦不畏之矣。是則民之為盜，由上有以驅之也。既驅民以致盜，然後用智術法以治之，故法令茲彰，盜賊多有，此民所以愈難治。雖有斧銊之誅，民將輕死而犯之矣。", "authorNote": "憨山此章整段作解，今依經文析為二段；轉錄本作簡體，今轉為繁體，「法令茲彰」仍其舊。", "citation": "釋德清《道德經解》（公開轉錄本）", "textSimp": "此释上章民不畏死之所以，教治天下者当以淡泊无欲为本也。凡厥有生，以食为命。故无君子莫治野人，无野人莫养君子，是则上下同一命根也。然在上之食，必取税下民。一夫之耕，不足以养父母妻子。若取之有制，犹可免于饥寒；若取之太多，则夺民之食以自奉，使民不免于死亡。凡贼盗起于饥寒也。民既饥矣，求生不得，而必至于奸盗诈伪，无不敢为之者，虽有大威，亦不畏之矣。是则民之为盗，由上有以驱之也。既驱民以致盗，然后用智术法以治之，故法令兹彰，盗贼多有，此民所以愈难治。虽有斧𫓰之诛，民将轻死而犯之矣。", "citationFull": "釋德清《道德經解》（公開轉錄本）（憨山此章整段作解，今依經文析為二段；轉錄本作簡體，今轉為繁體，「法令茲彰」仍其舊。）", "citationSimp": "释德清《道德经解》（公开转录本）", "authorNoteSimp": "憨山此章整段作解，今依经文析为二段；转录本作简体，今转为繁体，「法令兹彰」仍其旧。", "lemmaSimp": "民之饥……是以难治" }, { "id": "c036", "block": 0, "source": "hanshan", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "民之輕死……是賢於貴生", "kind": "note", "text": "由是推之，民之輕死，良由在上求生之厚以致之，非別故也。厚，重也。此句影前當有一上字，方盡其妙。然重於求生，以但知生之可貴，而以養生為事，不知有生之主。苟知養生之主，則自不見有身之可愛、有生之可貴，欲自消而心自靜，天下治矣。所謂我無為而民自化，我好靜而民自正，我無事而民自富，我無欲而民自樸。故曰夫惟無以生為者，是賢於貴生。賢，猶勝也。此中妙處，難盡形容。當熟讀《莊子》《養生主》《馬蹄》《胠篋》諸篇，便是注解。又當通前四章反復參玩，方見老子吃緊處。", "authorNote": "憨山謂「以其求生之厚」一句影前當有一上字，可與傅奕「以其上求生之厚也」相參。", "citation": "釋德清《道德經解》（公開轉錄本）", "textSimp": "由是推之，民之轻死，良由在上求生之厚以致之，非别故也。厚，重也。此句影前当有一上字，方尽其妙。然重于求生，以但知生之可贵，而以养生为事，不知有生之主。苟知养生之主，则自不见有身之可爱、有生之可贵，欲自消而心自静，天下治矣。所谓我无为而民自化，我好静而民自正，我无事而民自富，我无欲而民自朴。故曰夫惟无以生为者，是贤于贵生。贤，犹胜也。此中妙处，难尽形容。当熟读《庄子》《养生主》《马蹄》《胠箧》诸篇，便是注解。又当通前四章反复参玩，方见老子吃紧处。", "citationFull": "釋德清《道德經解》（公開轉錄本）（憨山謂「以其求生之厚」一句影前當有一上字，可與傅奕「以其上求生之厚也」相參。）", "citationSimp": "释德清《道德经解》（公开转录本）", "authorNoteSimp": "憨山谓「以其求生之厚」一句影前当有一上字，可与傅奕「以其上求生之厚也」相参。", "lemmaSimp": "民之轻死……是贤于贵生" }, { "id": "c037", "block": 0, "source": "weiyuan", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "全章", "kind": "note", "text": "此承上章「民不畏死，奈何以死懼之」而申言也。稅，租也。王氏弼曰：此言民之所以僻，治之所以亂，皆由上，不由下也，民從上也。呂氏惠卿曰：聖人在上，無事而民自富，無欲而民自樸，則至於食稅之多而飢者無有也；無為而民自化，好靜而民自立，則至於有為而難治者無有也；尚安有生生之厚而至於輕死者乎。張氏爾岐曰：夫惟無以生為者，在上則不多取多事以病其下，在下不敢扞網為奸以累其上，是賢於貴生矣。源案：我自厚其生，則人亦各欲厚其生；人各欲厚其生而不得，夫安得不輕死乎？則是民之輕棄其生，由於生生之厚；而民之厚生，由於上之自厚其生，有以誘之而又奪之也。則無以生為者，其賢於貴生可知矣。末語老氏宗旨，故因言俗弊而遂及之，而其意則深遠矣。", "authorNote": "魏源以此章為其第六十二章。所引呂惠卿「好靜而民自立」與道藏本吕注「好靜而民自正」小異；「為奸」從原錄，不作「為姦」。", "citation": "魏源《老子本義》（下篇，公開轉錄本）", "textSimp": "此承上章「民不畏死，奈何以死惧之」而申言也。税，租也。王氏弼曰：此言民之所以僻，治之所以乱，皆由上，不由下也，民从上也。吕氏惠卿曰：圣人在上，无事而民自富，无欲而民自朴，则至于食税之多而饥者无有也；无为而民自化，好静而民自立，则至于有为而难治者无有也；尚安有生生之厚而至于轻死者乎。张氏尔岐曰：夫惟无以生为者，在上则不多取多事以病其下，在下不敢扞网为奸以累其上，是贤于贵生矣。源案：我自厚其生，则人亦各欲厚其生；人各欲厚其生而不得，夫安得不轻死乎？则是民之轻弃其生，由于生生之厚；而民之厚生，由于上之自厚其生，有以诱之而又夺之也。则无以生为者，其贤于贵生可知矣。末语老氏宗旨，故因言俗弊而遂及之，而其意则深远矣。", "citationFull": "魏源《老子本義》（下篇，公開轉錄本）（魏源以此章為其第六十二章。所引呂惠卿「好靜而民自立」與道藏本吕注「好靜而民自正」小異；「為奸」從原錄，不作「為姦」。）", "citationSimp": "魏源《老子本义》（下篇，公开转录本）", "authorNoteSimp": "魏源以此章为其第六十二章。所引吕惠卿「好静而民自立」与道藏本吕注「好静而民自正」小异；「为奸」从原录，不作「为奸」。", "lemmaSimp": "全章" }, { "id": "c038", "block": 0, "source": "weiyuan", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "校記", "kind": "note", "text": "民之飢，傅奕「飢」下有「者」字；「以其上食稅之多」傅奕下有「也」字。民之難治，傅奕「治」下有「者」字；「以其上之有為」傅奕下有「也」字。民之輕死，傅奕「死」下有「者」字；「以其生生之厚」傅奕作「以其上求生之厚也」。夫惟，一本無「夫」字；無以生為者，傅奕「生為」下有「貴」字。是賢於貴生焉，各本無「焉」字，傅奕「焉」作「也」，此二句從《淮南子》。", "authorNote": "魏源校記原附經文之下以雙行小字出之，今轉寫；其本正文與王弼本多不合，本站正文仍從王弼通行本。", "citation": "魏源《老子本義》（下篇，公開轉錄本）", "textSimp": "民之饥，傅奕「饥」下有「者」字；「以其上食税之多」傅奕下有「也」字。民之难治，傅奕「治」下有「者」字；「以其上之有为」傅奕下有「也」字。民之轻死，傅奕「死」下有「者」字；「以其生生之厚」傅奕作「以其上求生之厚也」。夫惟，一本无「夫」字；无以生为者，傅奕「生为」下有「贵」字。是贤于贵生焉，各本无「焉」字，傅奕「焉」作「也」，此二句从《淮南子》。", "citationFull": "魏源《老子本義》（下篇，公開轉錄本）（魏源校記原附經文之下以雙行小字出之，今轉寫；其本正文與王弼本多不合，本站正文仍從王弼通行本。）", "citationSimp": "魏源《老子本义》（下篇，公开转录本）", "authorNoteSimp": "魏源校记原附经文之下以双行小字出之，今转写；其本正文与王弼本多不合，本站正文仍从王弼通行本。", "lemmaSimp": "校记" } ], "charNotes": [ { "id": "n001", "sentenceId": "s001", "start": 0, "end": 3, "char": "民之飢", "charSimp": "民之饥", "startSimp": 0, "endSimp": 3, "pinyin": "mín zhī jī", "gloss": "人民飢餓。", "glossSimp": "人民饥饿。", "general": "河上公謂人民飢寒由君上稅食下太多、民皆化上為貪；王弼謂民之所以僻皆由上；成玄英謂飢即內無德；唐玄宗御注謂乏不足由賦稅太多，御疏謂人者國之本、政煩賦重則國本斯弊；李榮謂百姓飢窮由稅重賦多；陸希聲謂今之在上取民太多則民不得不饑；呂惠卿謂一夫之耕足以食數口，非上取之多則奚至於飢；憨山謂取之有制猶可免飢寒、太多則奪民之食以自奉；魏源引王弼、張爾岐謂在上者不多取則民不飢。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓人民饥寒由君上税食下太多、民皆化上为贪；王弼谓民之所以僻皆由上；成玄英谓饥即内无德；唐玄宗御注谓乏不足由赋税太多，御疏谓人者国之本、政烦赋重则国本斯弊；李荣谓百姓饥穷由税重赋多；陆希声谓今之在上取民太多则民不得不饥；吕惠卿谓一夫之耕足以食数口，非上取之多则奚至于饥；憨山谓取之有制犹可免饥寒、太多则夺民之食以自奉；魏源引王弼、张尔岐谓在上者不多取则民不饥。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c001", "c005", "c008", "c012", "c016", "c023", "c027", "c028", "c032", "c035", "c037" ], "refsSimp": [ "c001", "c005", "c008", "c012", "c016", "c023", "c027", "c028", "c032", "c035", "c037" ] }, { "id": "n002", "sentenceId": "s001", "start": 4, "end": 7, "char": "以其上", "charSimp": "以其上", "startSimp": 4, "endSimp": 7, "pinyin": "yǐ qí shàng", "gloss": "由於在上位者。", "glossSimp": "由于在上位者。", "general": "王弼以「皆由上，不由其下，民從上」總括全章，故三句「以其上」皆責在上者。成玄英獨以「上」為心，謂心為五藏百行之主；唐玄宗謂君上食用賦稅太多；吳澄分「食」為君所食於民者、「稅」為民之所出以供上之食者；憨山謂上下同一命根、在上之食必取稅下民；魏源謂民之厚生由於上之自厚其生。", "generalSimp": "王弼以「皆由上，不由其下，民从上」总括全章，故三句「以其上」皆责在上者。成玄英独以「上」为心，谓心为五藏百行之主；唐玄宗谓君上食用赋税太多；吴澄分「食」为君所食于民者、「税」为民之所出以供上之食者；憨山谓上下同一命根、在上之食必取税下民；魏源谓民之厚生由于上之自厚其生。", "variants": [ "上" ], "variantsSimp": [ "上" ], "refs": [ "c005", "c008", "c012", "c016", "c027", "c032", "c035", "c037" ], "refsSimp": [ "c005", "c008", "c012", "c016", "c027", "c032", "c035", "c037" ] }, { "id": "n003", "sentenceId": "s001", "start": 7, "end": 11, "char": "食稅之多", "charSimp": "食税之多", "startSimp": 7, "endSimp": 11, "pinyin": "shí shuì zhī duō", "gloss": "索取、耗用賦稅太多。", "glossSimp": "索取、耗用赋税太多。", "general": "河上公謂君上稅食下太多；成玄英以「稅者聚斂、食者滋味」就理身說之；唐玄宗謂食用賦稅之太多；李榮謂稅重賦多；陸希聲以古者公田籍而不稅、後世什一而稅為天下之中；吳澄以食為君所食於民、稅為民之所出；憨山以一夫之耕不足以養父母妻子形其太多；魏源訓「稅，租也」。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓君上税食下太多；成玄英以「税者聚敛、食者滋味」就理身说之；唐玄宗谓食用赋税之太多；李荣谓税重赋多；陆希声以古者公田籍而不税、后世什一而税为天下之中；吴澄以食为君所食于民、税为民之所出；憨山以一夫之耕不足以养父母妻子形其太多；魏源训「税，租也」。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c001", "c008", "c012", "c023", "c027", "c028", "c032", "c035", "c037" ], "refsSimp": [ "c001", "c008", "c012", "c023", "c027", "c028", "c032", "c035", "c037" ] }, { "id": "n004", "sentenceId": "s002", "start": 0, "end": 4, "char": "民之難治", "charSimp": "民之难治", "startSimp": 0, "endSimp": 4, "pinyin": "mín zhī nán zhì", "gloss": "人民難於治理。", "glossSimp": "人民难于治理。", "general": "河上公謂民不可治由君上多欲好有為；成玄英謂百行馳騖、紛然難理，只為心耽有為；唐玄宗謂有為則難理、詐興多，御疏謂有為則政煩而人擾、動生大偽；嚴遵輯文謂其民化上有為、情偽難治；李榮謂有為撓物所以難治；陸希聲謂其民多事不得安其生，故至於難以致治；呂惠卿謂織而衣、耕而食是謂同德，奚難治哉；蘇轍謂上以有為導民、民亦以有為應之，故事多而難治；吳澄謂上以智術御其下、下以姦詐欺其上；憨山謂法令茲彰、盜賊多有，此民所以愈難治。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓民不可治由君上多欲好有为；成玄英谓百行驰骛、纷然难理，只为心耽有为；唐玄宗谓有为则难理、诈兴多，御疏谓有为则政烦而人扰、动生大伪；严遵辑文谓其民化上有为、情伪难治；李荣谓有为挠物所以难治；陆希声谓其民多事不得安其生，故至于难以致治；吕惠卿谓织而衣、耕而食是谓同德，奚难治哉；苏辙谓上以有为导民、民亦以有为应之，故事多而难治；吴澄谓上以智术御其下、下以奸诈欺其上；憨山谓法令兹彰、盗贼多有，此民所以愈难治。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c002", "c009", "c013", "c017", "c020", "c024", "c027", "c028", "c029", "c033", "c035" ], "refsSimp": [ "c002", "c009", "c013", "c017", "c020", "c024", "c027", "c028", "c029", "c033", "c035" ] }, { "id": "n005", "sentenceId": "s002", "start": 9, "end": 11, "char": "有為", "charSimp": "有为", "startSimp": 9, "endSimp": 11, "pinyin": "yǒu wéi", "gloss": "有所作為，指政煩多事。", "glossSimp": "有所作为，指政烦多事。", "general": "王弼以「由上」貫之；河上公謂君上多欲好有為；成玄英謂心耽有為、心若無為則諸行易治；唐玄宗御注謂君上有為則難理，御疏謂為理之本諒在無為、故我無為而人自化；李榮謂無為正身自然易化；陸希聲謂古之在上無為無欲故民少事；呂惠卿歸於無事而民自富、無為而民自化；蘇轍謂上以有為導民；憨山謂我無為而民自化、我無事而民自富。", "generalSimp": "王弼以「由上」贯之；河上公谓君上多欲好有为；成玄英谓心耽有为、心若无为则诸行易治；唐玄宗御注谓君上有为则难理，御疏谓为理之本谅在无为、故我无为而人自化；李荣谓无为正身自然易化；陆希声谓古之在上无为无欲故民少事；吕惠卿归于无事而民自富、无为而民自化；苏辙谓上以有为导民；憨山谓我无为而民自化、我无事而民自富。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c002", "c005", "c009", "c013", "c017", "c020", "c024", "c027", "c028", "c029", "c033", "c035" ], "refsSimp": [ "c002", "c005", "c009", "c013", "c017", "c020", "c024", "c027", "c028", "c029", "c033", "c035" ] }, { "id": "n006", "sentenceId": "s002", "start": 12, "end": 16, "char": "是以難治", "charSimp": "是以难治", "startSimp": 12, "endSimp": 16, "pinyin": "shì yǐ nán zhì", "gloss": "因此就難於治理。", "glossSimp": "因此就难于治理。", "general": "三句「是以」並承上「以其」而言，河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山、魏源皆以在上者為因、民之難治為果。成玄英謂「是以難治，結前也」；魏源謂此承上章「民不畏死」而申言。", "generalSimp": "三句「是以」并承上「以其」而言，河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李荣、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、憨山、魏源皆以在上者为因、民之难治为果。成玄英谓「是以难治，结前也」；魏源谓此承上章「民不畏死」而申言。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c002", "c009", "c013", "c017", "c020", "c024", "c027", "c028", "c029", "c033", "c037" ], "refsSimp": [ "c002", "c009", "c013", "c017", "c020", "c024", "c027", "c028", "c029", "c033", "c037" ] }, { "id": "n007", "sentenceId": "s003", "start": 0, "end": 4, "char": "民之輕死", "charSimp": "民之轻死", "startSimp": 0, "endSimp": 4, "pinyin": "mín zhī qīng sǐ", "gloss": "人民輕於犯死。", "glossSimp": "人民轻于犯死。", "general": "河上公謂人民輕犯死由求生活之道太厚、貪利以自危；成玄英謂修行人不終天年而輕入死地，以迷情顛倒、多貪六塵、厚資四大；唐玄宗謂違分求生大厚，御疏謂不顧刑網以徇所求；嚴遵謂求生太厚之故輕入死地；李榮謂輕死之輩溺邪識於愛流、縱欲喪身；陸希聲謂過理生生必得其死；呂惠卿謂甘其食、美其服、安其俗、樂其居則奚至於輕死；蘇轍謂民亦爭厚其生，故雖死而求利不厭；吳澄訓「輕，易也」；憨山謂民之輕死良由在上求生之厚。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓人民轻犯死由求生活之道太厚、贪利以自危；成玄英谓修行人不终天年而轻入死地，以迷情颠倒、多贪六尘、厚资四大；唐玄宗谓违分求生大厚，御疏谓不顾刑网以徇所求；严遵谓求生太厚之故轻入死地；李荣谓轻死之辈溺邪识于爱流、纵欲丧身；陆希声谓过理生生必得其死；吕惠卿谓甘其食、美其服、安其俗、乐其居则奚至于轻死；苏辙谓民亦争厚其生，故虽死而求利不厌；吴澄训「轻，易也」；憨山谓民之轻死良由在上求生之厚。", "variants": [ "人之輕死" ], "variantsSimp": [ "人之轻死" ], "refs": [ "c003", "c010", "c014", "c018", "c021", "c025", "c027", "c028", "c030", "c034", "c036" ], "refsSimp": [ "c003", "c010", "c014", "c018", "c021", "c025", "c027", "c028", "c030", "c034", "c036" ] }, { "id": "n008", "sentenceId": "s003", "start": 7, "end": 11, "char": "求生之厚", "charSimp": "求生之厚", "startSimp": 7, "endSimp": 11, "pinyin": "qiú shēng zhī hòu", "gloss": "奉養其生太過厚重。", "glossSimp": "奉养其生太过厚重。", "general": "王弼本、河上公、陸希聲、憨山、魏源校記所見諸本作「以其求生之厚」，呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、成玄英疏、魏源本作「以其生生之厚」，傅奕作「以其上求生之厚也」。吳澄謂生生之厚即求生之心太重、保養太過，將欲不死而適以易死；李榮訓厚為積、為多，謂事積則亂心、味多則爽口；憨山謂厚，重也，此句影前當有一上字方盡其妙；魏源斷以民之厚生由於上之自厚其生。", "generalSimp": "王弼本、河上公、陆希声、憨山、魏源校记所见诸本作「以其求生之厚」，吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、成玄英疏、魏源本作「以其生生之厚」，傅奕作「以其上求生之厚也」。吴澄谓生生之厚即求生之心太重、保养太过，将欲不死而适以易死；李荣训厚为积、为多，谓事积则乱心、味多则爽口；憨山谓厚，重也，此句影前当有一上字方尽其妙；魏源断以民之厚生由于上之自厚其生。", "variants": [ "生生之厚" ], "variantsSimp": [ "生生之厚" ], "refs": [ "c003", "c010", "c014", "c018", "c021", "c025", "c027", "c028", "c030", "c034", "c036", "c037", "c038" ], "refsSimp": [ "c003", "c010", "c014", "c018", "c021", "c025", "c027", "c028", "c030", "c034", "c036", "c037", "c038" ] }, { "id": "n009", "sentenceId": "s003", "start": 12, "end": 16, "char": "是以輕死", "charSimp": "是以轻死", "startSimp": 12, "endSimp": 16, "pinyin": "shì yǐ qīng sǐ", "gloss": "因此就輕於赴死。", "glossSimp": "因此就轻于赴死。", "general": "三句之果皆歸於上。河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、嚴遵、李榮、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山、魏源同以「求生之厚」為致輕死之由；蘇轍謂貴生之極必至於輕死；魏源謂民之輕棄其生由於生生之厚。", "generalSimp": "三句之果皆归于上。河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、严遵、李荣、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、憨山、魏源同以「求生之厚」为致轻死之由；苏辙谓贵生之极必至于轻死；魏源谓民之轻弃其生由于生生之厚。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c003", "c010", "c014", "c018", "c021", "c025", "c027", "c028", "c030", "c034", "c036", "c037" ], "refsSimp": [ "c003", "c010", "c014", "c018", "c021", "c025", "c027", "c028", "c030", "c034", "c036", "c037" ] }, { "id": "n010", "sentenceId": "s004", "start": 2, "end": 6, "char": "無以生為", "charSimp": "无以生为", "startSimp": 2, "endSimp": 6, "pinyin": "wú yǐ shēng wéi", "gloss": "不把奉養其生當作要務。", "glossSimp": "不把奉养其生当作要务。", "general": "河上公謂獨無以生為務者爵祿不干於意、財利不入於身；王弼總以「由上」言之；成玄英謂獨不以生為生者是善能攝貴生之人；唐玄宗御注作「無以厚其生為」，御疏謂不厚生而生全、求厚生而生喪；嚴遵謂無以人為可以康寧、無以生為可以長生；李榮謂雖不養生而生自養；陸希聲謂無以其生為生者外其身而身存；呂惠卿謂聖人不自見以外其身、不自貴以遺其生；蘇轍謂惟無以生為而生自全矣；吳澄謂至人順其自然、無所容心；憨山謂知養生之主則欲自消而心自靜；魏源引張爾岐謂在上不多取多事以病其下。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓独无以生为务者爵禄不干于意、财利不入于身；王弼总以「由上」言之；成玄英谓独不以生为生者是善能摄贵生之人；唐玄宗御注作「无以厚其生为」，御疏谓不厚生而生全、求厚生而生丧；严遵谓无以人为可以康宁、无以生为可以长生；李荣谓虽不养生而生自养；陆希声谓无以其生为生者外其身而身存；吕惠卿谓圣人不自见以外其身、不自贵以遗其生；苏辙谓惟无以生为而生自全矣；吴澄谓至人顺其自然、无所容心；憨山谓知养生之主则欲自消而心自静；魏源引张尔岐谓在上不多取多事以病其下。", "variants": [ "無以其生為生", "無以厚其生為" ], "variantsSimp": [ "无以其生为生", "无以厚其生为" ], "refs": [ "c004", "c005", "c011", "c015", "c019", "c022", "c026", "c027", "c028", "c031", "c034", "c036", "c037" ], "refsSimp": [ "c004", "c005", "c011", "c015", "c019", "c022", "c026", "c027", "c028", "c031", "c034", "c036", "c037" ] }, { "id": "n011", "sentenceId": "s004", "start": 9, "end": 13, "char": "賢於貴生", "charSimp": "贤于贵生", "startSimp": 9, "endSimp": 13, "pinyin": "xián yú guì shēng", "gloss": "勝過珍貴其生的人。", "glossSimp": "胜过珍贵其生的人。", "general": "李榮訓「賢，德也；貴，重也」；吳澄、憨山訓「賢，猶勝也」，吳澄謂貴生即貴重其生、生生之厚；成玄英訓「賢，善也」；河上公以天子不得臣、諸侯不得使當之；嚴遵以無身者生、無以生為可以長生當之；呂惠卿謂生生之厚遂至於輕死，則無以生為者賢於貴生可知矣；陸希聲謂外其身而身存則賢於貴其生者遠矣；魏源本作「是賢於貴生焉」，校記謂各本無「焉」字、傅奕「焉」作「也」，此二句從《淮南子》。", "generalSimp": "李荣训「贤，德也；贵，重也」；吴澄、憨山训「贤，犹胜也」，吴澄谓贵生即贵重其生、生生之厚；成玄英训「贤，善也」；河上公以天子不得臣、诸侯不得使当之；严遵以无身者生、无以生为可以长生当之；吕惠卿谓生生之厚遂至于轻死，则无以生为者贤于贵生可知矣；陆希声谓外其身而身存则贤于贵其生者远矣；魏源本作「是贤于贵生焉」，校记谓各本无「焉」字、傅奕「焉」作「也」，此二句从《淮南子》。", "variants": [ "也", "焉" ], "variantsSimp": [ "也", "焉" ], "refs": [ "c004", "c011", "c015", "c019", "c022", "c026", "c027", "c028", "c031", "c034", "c036", "c037", "c038" ], "refsSimp": [ "c004", "c011", "c015", "c019", "c022", "c026", "c027", "c028", "c031", "c034", "c036", "c037", "c038" ] } ], "glossary": { "貪損第七十五": "河上公本章章題全稱。", "人之飢章": "成玄英本章章題。", "人之飢章第七十五": "成玄英本章章題全稱。", "民之飢章": "呂惠卿、蘇轍本章章題。", "民之飢章第七十五": "呂惠卿、蘇轍本章章題全稱。", "民之飢": "人民飢餓。", "以其上": "由於在上位者。", "食稅之多": "索取、耗用賦稅太多。", "食稅": "指在上者取於民之賦稅。", "民之難治": "人民難於治理。", "有為": "有所作為，指政煩多事。", "是以難治": "因此就難於治理。", "民之輕死": "人民輕於犯死。", "求生之厚": "奉養其生太過厚重。", "生生之厚": "與「求生之厚」異文，謂求生之心太重。", "是以輕死": "因此就輕於赴死。", "無以生為": "不把奉養其生當作要務。", "賢於貴生": "勝過珍貴其生的人。", "貴生": "珍貴其生、貴重其生。", "飢": "飢餓；陸希聲本皆作幾聲之「饑」，二字簡體無別。", "饑": "陸希聲本用字，當經文「飢」。", "稅": "租也，民之所出以供上之食者。", "僻": "邪僻；王弼「民之所以僻」。", "民從上": "王弼語，謂民之善惡皆隨在上者。", "內無德": "成玄英語，以「飢」喻修行人德不充。", "上，心也": "成玄英語，謂心為五藏百行之主，故稱上。", "聚斂": "成玄英以訓「稅」。", "滋味": "成玄英以訓「食」。", "心緣前境": "成玄英語，謂心攀緣外境。", "百行馳騖": "成玄英語，謂諸般心行紛然外馳。", "萬境唯在一心": "成玄英語，全章理身說之綱。", "迷情顛倒": "成玄英語，謂未悟物我俱幻。", "六塵": "成玄英語，色聲香味觸法。", "厚資四大": "成玄英語，過分奉養地水火風之身。", "坐忘而生無相": "成玄英語，謂忘身而生無相之智。", "膻臊榮利": "成玄英語，謂視榮利如膻臊而厭之。", "違分求生": "唐玄宗語，謂越過分限以求奉其生。", "國本斯弊": "唐玄宗語，謂民為國本、本弊則危。", "動生大偽": "唐玄宗語，謂政煩人擾則姦偽並生。", "不顧刑網": "唐玄宗語，謂徇其所求而不憚刑罰。", "安分則足": "唐玄宗語，謂生有涯、安分則無不足。", "不厚生而生全": "唐玄宗語，謂不厚養其生反得全生。", "情偽": "嚴遵語，謂真偽相亂。", "輕入死地": "嚴遵語，謂輕易陷入死地。", "無身者生": "嚴遵語，謂不有其身者反得生。", "康寧": "嚴遵語，謂安和寧靜。", "撓物": "李榮語，謂攪擾萬物。", "正性": "李榮語，謂本正之性。", "邪識": "李榮語，謂邪妄之識。", "愛流": "李榮語，謂情愛之流。", "爽口": "李榮語，謂滋味過多而傷口。", "觀身非有": "李榮語，謂觀身無實有。", "悟理無生": "李榮語，謂悟諸法無生之理。", "與虛淨而合德": "李榮語，謂與虛靜清淨同其德。", "公田籍而不稅": "陸希聲語，謂古者助法籍民力而不斂其稅。", "什一而稅": "陸希聲語，謂十分取一為天下之中。", "外其身而身存": "陸希聲、吳澄語，謂置其身於度外而身反得存。", "同德": "呂惠卿語，謂織而衣、耕而食上下同其德。", "踶跂好知": "呂惠卿語，出《莊子·馬蹄》，謂厲意爭先、偏好知巧。", "不自見以外其身": "呂惠卿語，謂不自我顯現以置其身於度外。", "以有為導民": "蘇轍語，謂在上者以有為倡導於下。", "利欲先民": "蘇轍語，謂在上者以利欲居民之先。", "智術御下": "吳澄語，謂以權智術數駕馭其下。", "姦詐欺上": "吳澄語，謂下以姦偽誅詐應其上。", "保養太過": "吳澄語，謂將欲不死而適以易死。", "無所容心": "吳澄語，謂至人順其自然。", "命根": "憨山語，謂上下同以食為命。", "法令茲彰": "憨山語，謂法令愈明則盜賊多有。", "斧銊之誅": "憨山語，謂刑殺之誅。", "養生之主": "憨山語，謂主宰養生者，即性真。", "扞網為奸": "魏源引張爾岐語，謂觸犯法網為姦。", "有以誘之而又奪之": "魏源語，謂在上者既誘民厚生又奪其所生。", "傅奕": "魏源校記所據唐傅奕古本《老子》。", "淮南子": "魏源末二句所從之書。", "玄德纂疏": "唐道教注疏彙編，存成玄英、唐玄宗、嚴遵、李榮等佚文。", "輯文": "輯錄佚文。", "四部叢刊本": "河上公此章所用底本。", 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"王弼《老子道德經注》、河上公《老子道德經章句》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "王弼、河上公注、陆希声、憨山作「以其求生之厚」；吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、成玄英疏、李荣注、魏源作「以其生生之厚」；魏源校记谓傅奕作「以其上求生之厚也」；憨山谓「此句影前当有一上字，方尽其妙」，与傅奕本合。本站从王弼作「以其求生之厚」。", "headwordSimp": "「以其求生之厚」与「以其生生之厚」", "sourceSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》、河上公《老子道德经章句》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、李荣《道德真经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》", "id": "k004" }, { "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "「夫唯無以生為者」", "text": "王弼、河上公、成玄英、陸希聲、呂惠卿注、魏源作「夫唯無以生為者」；呂惠卿本經文作「惟無以生為者」，無「夫」字；蘇轍、吳澄、憨山作「夫惟無以生為者」；唐玄宗御注作「無以厚其生為」，多一「厚」字；魏源校記謂一本無「夫」字、傅奕「生為」下有「貴」字。本站從王弼。", "source": "王弼《老子道德經注》、河上公《老子道德經章句》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "王弼、河上公、成玄英、陆希声、吕惠卿注、魏源作「夫唯无以生为者」；吕惠卿本经文作「惟无以生为者」，无「夫」字；苏辙、吴澄、憨山作「夫惟无以生为者」；唐玄宗御注作「无以厚其生为」，多一「厚」字；魏源校记谓一本无「夫」字、傅奕「生为」下有「贵」字。本站从王弼。", "headwordSimp": "「夫唯无以生为者」", "sourceSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》、河上公《老子道德经章句》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》", "id": "k005" }, { "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "「是賢於貴生」與「是賢於貴生也」「焉」", "text": "王弼、河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、呂惠卿、蘇轍作「是賢於貴生」；陸希聲、吳澄作「是賢於貴生也」；魏源作「是賢於貴生焉」，其校記謂各本無「焉」字、傅奕「焉」作「也」，此二句從《淮南子》。本站從王弼作「是賢於貴生」。", "source": "王弼《老子道德經注》、河上公《老子道德經章句》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "王弼、河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、吕惠卿、苏辙作「是贤于贵生」；陆希声、吴澄作「是贤于贵生也」；魏源作「是贤于贵生焉」，其校记谓各本无「焉」字、傅奕「焉」作「也」，此二句从《淮南子》。本站从王弼作「是贤于贵生」。", "headwordSimp": "「是贤于贵生」与「是贤于贵生也」「焉」", "sourceSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》、河上公《老子道德经章句》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、魏源《老子本义》", "id": "k006" }, { "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "出處、注數與王夫之俞樾缺佚", "text": "河上公據四部叢刊本、參《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引；王弼據道藏本而正文從通行本；成玄英、唐玄宗御注御疏、嚴遵、李榮據《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引；陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄據《道藏》本卷四；憨山、魏源據公開轉錄本。嚴遵《指歸》道經原卷早缺，此章惟存「嚴曰」三則，「民之飢」一句無輯文；王夫之《老子衍》公開轉錄本止於第六十六章；俞樾《諸子平議》此章未列，故均不列。河上公四條、王弼一條、成玄英章義二則與疏四條、唐玄宗御注四條與御疏四條、嚴遵輯文三條、李榮四條、陸希聲一段、呂惠卿一段、蘇轍三條、吳澄三條、憨山二段、魏源本義一段與校記一條。", "source": "河上公《老子道德經章句》、王弼《老子道德經注》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、嚴遵《道德真經指歸》、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "河上公据四部丛刊本、参《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引；王弼据道藏本而正文从通行本；成玄英、唐玄宗御注御疏、严遵、李荣据《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引；陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄据《道藏》本卷四；憨山、魏源据公开转录本。严遵《指归》道经原卷早缺，此章惟存「严曰」三则，「民之饥」一句无辑文；王夫之《老子衍》公开转录本止于第六十六章；俞樾《诸子平议》此章未列，故均不列。河上公四条、王弼一条、成玄英章义二则与疏四条、唐玄宗御注四条与御疏四条、严遵辑文三条、李荣四条、陆希声一段、吕惠卿一段、苏辙三条、吴澄三条、憨山二段、魏源本义一段与校记一条。", "headwordSimp": "出处、注数与王夫之俞樾缺佚", "sourceSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》、王弼《老子道德经注》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、严遵《道德真经指归》、李荣《道德真经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》", "id": "k007" } ], "glossarySimp": { "贪损第七十五": "河上公本章章题全称。", "人之饥章": "成玄英本章章题。", "人之饥章第七十五": "成玄英本章章题全称。", "民之饥章": "吕惠卿、苏辙本章章题。", "民之饥章第七十五": "吕惠卿、苏辙本章章题全称。", "民之饥": "人民饥饿。", "以其上": "由于在上位者。", "食税之多": "索取、耗用赋税太多。", "食税": "指在上者取于民之赋税。", "民之难治": "人民难于治理。", "有为": "有所作为，指政烦多事。", "是以难治": "因此就难于治理。", "民之轻死": "人民轻于犯死。", "求生之厚": "奉养其生太过厚重。", "生生之厚": "与「求生之厚」异文，谓求生之心太重。", "是以轻死": "因此就轻于赴死。", "无以生为": "不把奉养其生当作要务。", "贤于贵生": "胜过珍贵其生的人。", "贵生": "珍贵其生、贵重其生。", "饥": "陆希声本用字，当经文「饥」。", "税": "租也，民之所出以供上之食者。", "僻": "邪僻；王弼「民之所以僻」。", "民从上": "王弼语，谓民之善恶皆随在上者。", "内无德": "成玄英语，以「饥」喻修行人德不充。", "上，心也": "成玄英语，谓心为五藏百行之主，故称上。", "聚敛": "成玄英以训「税」。", "滋味": "成玄英以训「食」。", "心缘前境": "成玄英语，谓心攀缘外境。", "百行驰骛": "成玄英语，谓诸般心行纷然外驰。", "万境唯在一心": "成玄英语，全章理身说之纲。", "迷情颠倒": "成玄英语，谓未悟物我俱幻。", "六尘": "成玄英语，色声香味触法。", "厚资四大": "成玄英语，过分奉养地水火风之身。", "坐忘而生无相": "成玄英语，谓忘身而生无相之智。", "膻臊荣利": "成玄英语，谓视荣利如膻臊而厌之。", "违分求生": "唐玄宗语，谓越过分限以求奉其生。", "国本斯弊": "唐玄宗语，谓民为国本、本弊则危。", "动生大伪": "唐玄宗语，谓政烦人扰则奸伪并生。", "不顾刑网": "唐玄宗语，谓徇其所求而不惮刑罚。", "安分则足": "唐玄宗语，谓生有涯、安分则无不足。", "不厚生而生全": "唐玄宗语，谓不厚养其生反得全生。", "情伪": "严遵语，谓真伪相乱。", "轻入死地": "严遵语，谓轻易陷入死地。", "无身者生": "严遵语，谓不有其身者反得生。", "康宁": "严遵语，谓安和宁静。", "挠物": "李荣语，谓搅扰万物。", "正性": "李荣语，谓本正之性。", "邪识": "李荣语，谓邪妄之识。", "爱流": "李荣语，谓情爱之流。", "爽口": "李荣语，谓滋味过多而伤口。", "观身非有": "李荣语，谓观身无实有。", "悟理无生": "李荣语，谓悟诸法无生之理。", "与虚净而合德": "李荣语，谓与虚静清净同其德。", "公田籍而不税": "陆希声语，谓古者助法籍民力而不敛其税。", "什一而税": "陆希声语，谓十分取一为天下之中。", "外其身而身存": "陆希声、吴澄语，谓置其身于度外而身反得存。", "同德": "吕惠卿语，谓织而衣、耕而食上下同其德。", "踶跂好知": "吕惠卿语，出《庄子·马蹄》，谓厉意争先、偏好知巧。", "不自见以外其身": "吕惠卿语，谓不自我显现以置其身于度外。", "以有为导民": "苏辙语，谓在上者以有为倡导于下。", "利欲先民": "苏辙语，谓在上者以利欲居民之先。", "智术御下": "吴澄语，谓以权智术数驾驭其下。", "奸诈欺上": "吴澄语，谓下以奸伪诛诈应其上。", "保养太过": "吴澄语，谓将欲不死而适以易死。", "无所容心": "吴澄语，谓至人顺其自然。", "命根": "憨山语，谓上下同以食为命。", "法令兹彰": "憨山语，谓法令愈明则盗贼多有。", "斧𫓰之诛": "憨山语，谓刑杀之诛。", "养生之主": "憨山语，谓主宰养生者，即性真。", "扞网为奸": "魏源引张尔岐语，谓触犯法网为奸。", "有以诱之而又夺之": "魏源语，谓在上者既诱民厚生又夺其所生。", "傅奕": "魏源校记所据唐傅奕古本《老子》。", "淮南子": "魏源末二句所从之书。", "玄德纂疏": "唐道教注疏汇编，存成玄英、唐玄宗、严遵、李荣等佚文。", "辑文": "辑录佚文。", "四部丛刊本": "河上公此章所用底本。", "道藏本": "王弼、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄此章所用底本。" }, "lexicon": { "note": "由构建脚本从字词注与常用字表生成，供义位词典和开放数据集使用；occurrence 统计按繁体与简体正文分别匹配后合并。", "entries": [ { "order": 1, "id": "n001", "noteId": "n001", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "民之飢", "headwordSimp": "民之饥", "pinyin": "mín zhī jī", "gloss": "人民飢餓。", "glossSimp": "人民饥饿。", "general": "河上公謂人民飢寒由君上稅食下太多、民皆化上為貪；王弼謂民之所以僻皆由上；成玄英謂飢即內無德；唐玄宗御注謂乏不足由賦稅太多，御疏謂人者國之本、政煩賦重則國本斯弊；李榮謂百姓飢窮由稅重賦多；陸希聲謂今之在上取民太多則民不得不饑；呂惠卿謂一夫之耕足以食數口，非上取之多則奚至於飢；憨山謂取之有制猶可免飢寒、太多則奪民之食以自奉；魏源引王弼、張爾岐謂在上者不多取則民不飢。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓人民饥寒由君上税食下太多、民皆化上为贪；王弼谓民之所以僻皆由上；成玄英谓饥即内无德；唐玄宗御注谓乏不足由赋税太多，御疏谓人者国之本、政烦赋重则国本斯弊；李荣谓百姓饥穷由税重赋多；陆希声谓今之在上取民太多则民不得不饥；吕惠卿谓一夫之耕足以食数口，非上取之多则奚至于饥；憨山谓取之有制犹可免饥寒、太多则夺民之食以自奉；魏源引王弼、张尔岐谓在上者不多取则民不饥。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c001", "c005", "c008", "c012", "c016", "c023", "c027", "c028", "c032", "c035", "c037" ], "refsSimp": [ "c001", "c005", "c008", "c012", "c016", "c023", "c027", "c028", "c032", "c035", "c037" ], "forms": [ { "form": "民之飢", "formSimp": "民之饥", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 2, "id": "n002", "noteId": "n002", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "以其上", "headwordSimp": "以其上", "pinyin": "yǐ qí shàng", "gloss": "由於在上位者。", "glossSimp": "由于在上位者。", "general": "王弼以「皆由上，不由其下，民從上」總括全章，故三句「以其上」皆責在上者。成玄英獨以「上」為心，謂心為五藏百行之主；唐玄宗謂君上食用賦稅太多；吳澄分「食」為君所食於民者、「稅」為民之所出以供上之食者；憨山謂上下同一命根、在上之食必取稅下民；魏源謂民之厚生由於上之自厚其生。", "generalSimp": "王弼以「皆由上，不由其下，民从上」总括全章，故三句「以其上」皆责在上者。成玄英独以「上」为心，谓心为五藏百行之主；唐玄宗谓君上食用赋税太多；吴澄分「食」为君所食于民者、「税」为民之所出以供上之食者；憨山谓上下同一命根、在上之食必取税下民；魏源谓民之厚生由于上之自厚其生。", "variants": [ "上" ], "variantsSimp": [ "上" ], "refs": [ "c005", "c008", "c012", "c016", "c027", "c032", "c035", "c037" ], "refsSimp": [ "c005", "c008", "c012", "c016", "c027", "c032", "c035", "c037" ], "forms": [ { "form": "以其上", "formSimp": "以其上", "kind": "headword", "count": 2, "sentenceIds": [ "s001", "s002" ] }, { "form": "上", "formSimp": "上", "kind": "variant", "count": 2, "sentenceIds": [ "s001", "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001", "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 2 }, { "order": 3, "id": "n003", "noteId": "n003", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "食稅之多", "headwordSimp": "食税之多", "pinyin": "shí shuì zhī duō", "gloss": "索取、耗用賦稅太多。", "glossSimp": "索取、耗用赋税太多。", "general": "河上公謂君上稅食下太多；成玄英以「稅者聚斂、食者滋味」就理身說之；唐玄宗謂食用賦稅之太多；李榮謂稅重賦多；陸希聲以古者公田籍而不稅、後世什一而稅為天下之中；吳澄以食為君所食於民、稅為民之所出；憨山以一夫之耕不足以養父母妻子形其太多；魏源訓「稅，租也」。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓君上税食下太多；成玄英以「税者聚敛、食者滋味」就理身说之；唐玄宗谓食用赋税之太多；李荣谓税重赋多；陆希声以古者公田籍而不税、后世什一而税为天下之中；吴澄以食为君所食于民、税为民之所出；憨山以一夫之耕不足以养父母妻子形其太多；魏源训「税，租也」。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c001", "c008", "c012", "c023", "c027", "c028", "c032", "c035", "c037" ], "refsSimp": [ "c001", "c008", "c012", "c023", "c027", "c028", "c032", "c035", "c037" ], "forms": [ { "form": "食稅之多", "formSimp": "食税之多", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 4, "id": "n004", "noteId": "n004", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "民之難治", "headwordSimp": "民之难治", "pinyin": "mín zhī nán zhì", "gloss": "人民難於治理。", "glossSimp": "人民难于治理。", "general": "河上公謂民不可治由君上多欲好有為；成玄英謂百行馳騖、紛然難理，只為心耽有為；唐玄宗謂有為則難理、詐興多，御疏謂有為則政煩而人擾、動生大偽；嚴遵輯文謂其民化上有為、情偽難治；李榮謂有為撓物所以難治；陸希聲謂其民多事不得安其生，故至於難以致治；呂惠卿謂織而衣、耕而食是謂同德，奚難治哉；蘇轍謂上以有為導民、民亦以有為應之，故事多而難治；吳澄謂上以智術御其下、下以姦詐欺其上；憨山謂法令茲彰、盜賊多有，此民所以愈難治。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓民不可治由君上多欲好有为；成玄英谓百行驰骛、纷然难理，只为心耽有为；唐玄宗谓有为则难理、诈兴多，御疏谓有为则政烦而人扰、动生大伪；严遵辑文谓其民化上有为、情伪难治；李荣谓有为挠物所以难治；陆希声谓其民多事不得安其生，故至于难以致治；吕惠卿谓织而衣、耕而食是谓同德，奚难治哉；苏辙谓上以有为导民、民亦以有为应之，故事多而难治；吴澄谓上以智术御其下、下以奸诈欺其上；憨山谓法令兹彰、盗贼多有，此民所以愈难治。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c002", "c009", "c013", "c017", "c020", "c024", "c027", "c028", "c029", "c033", "c035" ], "refsSimp": [ "c002", "c009", "c013", "c017", "c020", "c024", "c027", "c028", "c029", "c033", "c035" ], "forms": [ { "form": "民之難治", "formSimp": "民之难治", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 5, "id": "n005", "noteId": "n005", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "有為", "headwordSimp": "有为", "pinyin": "yǒu wéi", "gloss": "有所作為，指政煩多事。", "glossSimp": "有所作为，指政烦多事。", "general": "王弼以「由上」貫之；河上公謂君上多欲好有為；成玄英謂心耽有為、心若無為則諸行易治；唐玄宗御注謂君上有為則難理，御疏謂為理之本諒在無為、故我無為而人自化；李榮謂無為正身自然易化；陸希聲謂古之在上無為無欲故民少事；呂惠卿歸於無事而民自富、無為而民自化；蘇轍謂上以有為導民；憨山謂我無為而民自化、我無事而民自富。", "generalSimp": "王弼以「由上」贯之；河上公谓君上多欲好有为；成玄英谓心耽有为、心若无为则诸行易治；唐玄宗御注谓君上有为则难理，御疏谓为理之本谅在无为、故我无为而人自化；李荣谓无为正身自然易化；陆希声谓古之在上无为无欲故民少事；吕惠卿归于无事而民自富、无为而民自化；苏辙谓上以有为导民；憨山谓我无为而民自化、我无事而民自富。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c002", "c005", "c009", "c013", "c017", "c020", "c024", "c027", "c028", "c029", "c033", "c035" ], "refsSimp": [ "c002", "c005", "c009", "c013", "c017", "c020", "c024", "c027", "c028", "c029", "c033", "c035" ], "forms": [ { "form": "有為", "formSimp": "有为", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 6, "id": "n006", "noteId": "n006", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "是以難治", "headwordSimp": "是以难治", "pinyin": "shì yǐ nán zhì", "gloss": "因此就難於治理。", "glossSimp": "因此就难于治理。", "general": "三句「是以」並承上「以其」而言，河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李榮、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山、魏源皆以在上者為因、民之難治為果。成玄英謂「是以難治，結前也」；魏源謂此承上章「民不畏死」而申言。", "generalSimp": "三句「是以」并承上「以其」而言，河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、李荣、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、憨山、魏源皆以在上者为因、民之难治为果。成玄英谓「是以难治，结前也」；魏源谓此承上章「民不畏死」而申言。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c002", "c009", "c013", "c017", "c020", "c024", "c027", "c028", "c029", "c033", "c037" ], "refsSimp": [ "c002", "c009", "c013", "c017", "c020", "c024", "c027", "c028", "c029", "c033", "c037" ], "forms": [ { "form": "是以難治", "formSimp": "是以难治", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 7, "id": "n007", "noteId": "n007", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "民之輕死", "headwordSimp": "民之轻死", "pinyin": "mín zhī qīng sǐ", "gloss": "人民輕於犯死。", "glossSimp": "人民轻于犯死。", "general": "河上公謂人民輕犯死由求生活之道太厚、貪利以自危；成玄英謂修行人不終天年而輕入死地，以迷情顛倒、多貪六塵、厚資四大；唐玄宗謂違分求生大厚，御疏謂不顧刑網以徇所求；嚴遵謂求生太厚之故輕入死地；李榮謂輕死之輩溺邪識於愛流、縱欲喪身；陸希聲謂過理生生必得其死；呂惠卿謂甘其食、美其服、安其俗、樂其居則奚至於輕死；蘇轍謂民亦爭厚其生，故雖死而求利不厭；吳澄訓「輕，易也」；憨山謂民之輕死良由在上求生之厚。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓人民轻犯死由求生活之道太厚、贪利以自危；成玄英谓修行人不终天年而轻入死地，以迷情颠倒、多贪六尘、厚资四大；唐玄宗谓违分求生大厚，御疏谓不顾刑网以徇所求；严遵谓求生太厚之故轻入死地；李荣谓轻死之辈溺邪识于爱流、纵欲丧身；陆希声谓过理生生必得其死；吕惠卿谓甘其食、美其服、安其俗、乐其居则奚至于轻死；苏辙谓民亦争厚其生，故虽死而求利不厌；吴澄训「轻，易也」；憨山谓民之轻死良由在上求生之厚。", "variants": [ "人之輕死" ], "variantsSimp": [ "人之轻死" ], "refs": [ "c003", "c010", "c014", "c018", "c021", "c025", "c027", "c028", "c030", "c034", "c036" ], "refsSimp": [ "c003", "c010", "c014", "c018", "c021", "c025", "c027", "c028", "c030", "c034", "c036" ], "forms": [ { "form": "民之輕死", "formSimp": "民之轻死", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 8, "id": "n008", "noteId": "n008", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "求生之厚", "headwordSimp": "求生之厚", "pinyin": "qiú shēng zhī hòu", "gloss": "奉養其生太過厚重。", "glossSimp": "奉养其生太过厚重。", "general": "王弼本、河上公、陸希聲、憨山、魏源校記所見諸本作「以其求生之厚」，呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、成玄英疏、魏源本作「以其生生之厚」，傅奕作「以其上求生之厚也」。吳澄謂生生之厚即求生之心太重、保養太過，將欲不死而適以易死；李榮訓厚為積、為多，謂事積則亂心、味多則爽口；憨山謂厚，重也，此句影前當有一上字方盡其妙；魏源斷以民之厚生由於上之自厚其生。", "generalSimp": "王弼本、河上公、陆希声、憨山、魏源校记所见诸本作「以其求生之厚」，吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、成玄英疏、魏源本作「以其生生之厚」，傅奕作「以其上求生之厚也」。吴澄谓生生之厚即求生之心太重、保养太过，将欲不死而适以易死；李荣训厚为积、为多，谓事积则乱心、味多则爽口；憨山谓厚，重也，此句影前当有一上字方尽其妙；魏源断以民之厚生由于上之自厚其生。", "variants": [ "生生之厚" ], "variantsSimp": [ "生生之厚" ], "refs": [ "c003", "c010", "c014", "c018", "c021", "c025", "c027", "c028", "c030", "c034", "c036", "c037", "c038" ], "refsSimp": [ "c003", "c010", "c014", "c018", "c021", "c025", "c027", "c028", "c030", "c034", "c036", "c037", "c038" ], "forms": [ { "form": "求生之厚", "formSimp": "求生之厚", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 9, "id": "n009", "noteId": "n009", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "是以輕死", "headwordSimp": "是以轻死", "pinyin": "shì yǐ qīng sǐ", "gloss": "因此就輕於赴死。", "glossSimp": "因此就轻于赴死。", "general": "三句之果皆歸於上。河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、嚴遵、李榮、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、憨山、魏源同以「求生之厚」為致輕死之由；蘇轍謂貴生之極必至於輕死；魏源謂民之輕棄其生由於生生之厚。", "generalSimp": "三句之果皆归于上。河上公、成玄英、唐玄宗、严遵、李荣、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、憨山、魏源同以「求生之厚」为致轻死之由；苏辙谓贵生之极必至于轻死；魏源谓民之轻弃其生由于生生之厚。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c003", "c010", "c014", "c018", "c021", "c025", "c027", "c028", "c030", "c034", "c036", "c037" ], "refsSimp": [ "c003", "c010", "c014", "c018", "c021", "c025", "c027", "c028", "c030", "c034", "c036", "c037" ], "forms": [ { "form": "是以輕死", "formSimp": "是以轻死", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 10, "id": "n010", "noteId": "n010", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "無以生為", "headwordSimp": "无以生为", "pinyin": "wú yǐ shēng wéi", "gloss": "不把奉養其生當作要務。", "glossSimp": "不把奉养其生当作要务。", "general": "河上公謂獨無以生為務者爵祿不干於意、財利不入於身；王弼總以「由上」言之；成玄英謂獨不以生為生者是善能攝貴生之人；唐玄宗御注作「無以厚其生為」，御疏謂不厚生而生全、求厚生而生喪；嚴遵謂無以人為可以康寧、無以生為可以長生；李榮謂雖不養生而生自養；陸希聲謂無以其生為生者外其身而身存；呂惠卿謂聖人不自見以外其身、不自貴以遺其生；蘇轍謂惟無以生為而生自全矣；吳澄謂至人順其自然、無所容心；憨山謂知養生之主則欲自消而心自靜；魏源引張爾岐謂在上不多取多事以病其下。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓独无以生为务者爵禄不干于意、财利不入于身；王弼总以「由上」言之；成玄英谓独不以生为生者是善能摄贵生之人；唐玄宗御注作「无以厚其生为」，御疏谓不厚生而生全、求厚生而生丧；严遵谓无以人为可以康宁、无以生为可以长生；李荣谓虽不养生而生自养；陆希声谓无以其生为生者外其身而身存；吕惠卿谓圣人不自见以外其身、不自贵以遗其生；苏辙谓惟无以生为而生自全矣；吴澄谓至人顺其自然、无所容心；憨山谓知养生之主则欲自消而心自静；魏源引张尔岐谓在上不多取多事以病其下。", "variants": [ "無以其生為生", "無以厚其生為" ], "variantsSimp": [ "无以其生为生", "无以厚其生为" ], "refs": [ "c004", "c005", "c011", "c015", "c019", "c022", "c026", "c027", "c028", "c031", "c034", "c036", "c037" ], "refsSimp": [ "c004", "c005", "c011", "c015", "c019", "c022", "c026", "c027", "c028", "c031", "c034", "c036", "c037" ], "forms": [ { "form": "無以生為", "formSimp": "无以生为", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 11, "id": "n011", "noteId": "n011", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "賢於貴生", "headwordSimp": "贤于贵生", "pinyin": "xián yú guì shēng", "gloss": "勝過珍貴其生的人。", "glossSimp": "胜过珍贵其生的人。", "general": "李榮訓「賢，德也；貴，重也」；吳澄、憨山訓「賢，猶勝也」，吳澄謂貴生即貴重其生、生生之厚；成玄英訓「賢，善也」；河上公以天子不得臣、諸侯不得使當之；嚴遵以無身者生、無以生為可以長生當之；呂惠卿謂生生之厚遂至於輕死，則無以生為者賢於貴生可知矣；陸希聲謂外其身而身存則賢於貴其生者遠矣；魏源本作「是賢於貴生焉」，校記謂各本無「焉」字、傅奕「焉」作「也」，此二句從《淮南子》。", "generalSimp": "李荣训「贤，德也；贵，重也」；吴澄、憨山训「贤，犹胜也」，吴澄谓贵生即贵重其生、生生之厚；成玄英训「贤，善也」；河上公以天子不得臣、诸侯不得使当之；严遵以无身者生、无以生为可以长生当之；吕惠卿谓生生之厚遂至于轻死，则无以生为者贤于贵生可知矣；陆希声谓外其身而身存则贤于贵其生者远矣；魏源本作「是贤于贵生焉」，校记谓各本无「焉」字、傅奕「焉」作「也」，此二句从《淮南子》。", "variants": [ "也", "焉" ], "variantsSimp": [ "也", "焉" ], "refs": [ "c004", "c011", "c015", "c019", "c022", "c026", "c027", "c028", "c031", "c034", "c036", "c037", "c038" ], "refsSimp": [ "c004", "c011", "c015", "c019", "c022", "c026", "c027", "c028", "c031", "c034", "c036", "c037", "c038" ], "forms": [ { "form": "賢於貴生", "formSimp": "贤于贵生", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 } ], "glossaryEntries": [ { "order": 12, "id": "g001", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "貪損第七十五", "headwordSimp": "贪损第七十五", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "河上公本章章題全稱。", "glossSimp": "河上公本章章题全称。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "貪損第七十五", "formSimp": "贪损第七十五", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 13, "id": "g002", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "人之飢章", "headwordSimp": "人之饥章", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "成玄英本章章題。", "glossSimp": "成玄英本章章题。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "人之飢章", "formSimp": "人之饥章", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 14, "id": "g003", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "人之飢章第七十五", "headwordSimp": "人之饥章第七十五", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "成玄英本章章題全稱。", "glossSimp": "成玄英本章章题全称。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "人之飢章第七十五", "formSimp": "人之饥章第七十五", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 15, "id": "g004", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "民之飢章", "headwordSimp": "民之饥章", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "呂惠卿、蘇轍本章章題。", "glossSimp": "吕惠卿、苏辙本章章题。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "民之飢章", "formSimp": "民之饥章", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 16, "id": "g005", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "民之飢章第七十五", "headwordSimp": "民之饥章第七十五", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "呂惠卿、蘇轍本章章題全稱。", "glossSimp": "吕惠卿、苏辙本章章题全称。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "民之飢章第七十五", "formSimp": "民之饥章第七十五", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 17, "id": "g006", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "民之飢", "headwordSimp": "民之饥", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "人民飢餓。", "glossSimp": "人民饥饿。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "民之飢", "formSimp": "民之饥", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 18, "id": "g007", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "以其上", "headwordSimp": "以其上", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "由於在上位者。", "glossSimp": "由于在上位者。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "以其上", "formSimp": "以其上", "kind": "headword", "count": 2, "sentenceIds": [ "s001", "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001", "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 2 }, { "order": 19, "id": "g008", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "食稅之多", "headwordSimp": "食税之多", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "索取、耗用賦稅太多。", "glossSimp": "索取、耗用赋税太多。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "食稅之多", "formSimp": "食税之多", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 20, "id": "g009", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "食稅", "headwordSimp": "食税", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "指在上者取於民之賦稅。", "glossSimp": "指在上者取于民之赋税。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "食稅", "formSimp": "食税", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 21, "id": "g010", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "民之難治", "headwordSimp": "民之难治", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "人民難於治理。", "glossSimp": "人民难于治理。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "民之難治", "formSimp": "民之难治", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 22, "id": "g011", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "有為", "headwordSimp": "有为", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "有所作為，指政煩多事。", "glossSimp": "有所作为，指政烦多事。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "有為", "formSimp": "有为", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 23, "id": "g012", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "是以難治", "headwordSimp": "是以难治", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "因此就難於治理。", "glossSimp": "因此就难于治理。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "是以難治", "formSimp": "是以难治", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 24, "id": "g013", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "民之輕死", "headwordSimp": "民之轻死", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "人民輕於犯死。", "glossSimp": "人民轻于犯死。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "民之輕死", "formSimp": "民之轻死", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 25, "id": "g014", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "求生之厚", "headwordSimp": "求生之厚", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "奉養其生太過厚重。", "glossSimp": "奉养其生太过厚重。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "求生之厚", "formSimp": "求生之厚", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 26, "id": "g015", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "生生之厚", "headwordSimp": "生生之厚", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "與「求生之厚」異文，謂求生之心太重。", "glossSimp": "与「求生之厚」异文，谓求生之心太重。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "生生之厚", "formSimp": "生生之厚", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 27, "id": "g016", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "是以輕死", "headwordSimp": "是以轻死", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "因此就輕於赴死。", "glossSimp": "因此就轻于赴死。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "是以輕死", "formSimp": "是以轻死", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 28, "id": "g017", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "無以生為", "headwordSimp": "无以生为", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "不把奉養其生當作要務。", "glossSimp": "不把奉养其生当作要务。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "無以生為", "formSimp": "无以生为", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 29, "id": "g018", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "賢於貴生", "headwordSimp": "贤于贵生", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "勝過珍貴其生的人。", "glossSimp": "胜过珍贵其生的人。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "賢於貴生", "formSimp": "贤于贵生", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 30, "id": "g019", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "貴生", "headwordSimp": "贵生", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "珍貴其生、貴重其生。", "glossSimp": "珍贵其生、贵重其生。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "貴生", "formSimp": "贵生", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 31, "id": "g020", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "飢", "headwordSimp": "饥", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "飢餓；陸希聲本皆作幾聲之「饑」，二字簡體無別。", "glossSimp": "陆希声本用字，当经文「饥」。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "飢", "formSimp": "饥", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 32, "id": "g021", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "饑", "headwordSimp": "税", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "陸希聲本用字，當經文「飢」。", "glossSimp": "租也，民之所出以供上之食者。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "饑", "formSimp": "税", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 33, "id": "g022", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "稅", "headwordSimp": "僻", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "租也，民之所出以供上之食者。", "glossSimp": "邪僻；王弼「民之所以僻」。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "稅", "formSimp": "僻", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s001" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 34, "id": "g023", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "僻", "headwordSimp": "民从上", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "邪僻；王弼「民之所以僻」。", "glossSimp": "王弼语，谓民之善恶皆随在上者。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "僻", "formSimp": "民从上", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 35, "id": "g024", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "民從上", "headwordSimp": "内无德", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "王弼語，謂民之善惡皆隨在上者。", "glossSimp": "成玄英语，以「饥」喻修行人德不充。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "民從上", "formSimp": "内无德", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 36, "id": "g025", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "內無德", "headwordSimp": "上，心也", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "成玄英語，以「飢」喻修行人德不充。", "glossSimp": "成玄英语，谓心为五藏百行之主，故称上。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "內無德", "formSimp": "上，心也", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 37, "id": "g026", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "上，心也", "headwordSimp": "聚敛", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "成玄英語，謂心為五藏百行之主，故稱上。", "glossSimp": "成玄英以训「税」。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "上，心也", "formSimp": "聚敛", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 38, "id": "g027", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "聚斂", "headwordSimp": "滋味", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "成玄英以訓「稅」。", "glossSimp": "成玄英以训「食」。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "聚斂", "formSimp": "滋味", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 39, "id": "g028", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "滋味", "headwordSimp": "心缘前境", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "成玄英以訓「食」。", "glossSimp": "成玄英语，谓心攀缘外境。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "滋味", "formSimp": "心缘前境", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 40, "id": "g029", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "心緣前境", "headwordSimp": "百行驰骛", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "成玄英語，謂心攀緣外境。", "glossSimp": "成玄英语，谓诸般心行纷然外驰。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "心緣前境", "formSimp": "百行驰骛", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 41, "id": "g030", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "百行馳騖", "headwordSimp": "万境唯在一心", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "成玄英語，謂諸般心行紛然外馳。", "glossSimp": "成玄英语，全章理身说之纲。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "百行馳騖", "formSimp": "万境唯在一心", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 42, "id": "g031", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "萬境唯在一心", "headwordSimp": "迷情颠倒", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "成玄英語，全章理身說之綱。", "glossSimp": "成玄英语，谓未悟物我俱幻。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "萬境唯在一心", "formSimp": "迷情颠倒", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 43, "id": "g032", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "迷情顛倒", "headwordSimp": "六尘", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "成玄英語，謂未悟物我俱幻。", "glossSimp": "成玄英语，色声香味触法。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "迷情顛倒", "formSimp": "六尘", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 44, "id": "g033", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "六塵", "headwordSimp": "厚资四大", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "成玄英語，色聲香味觸法。", "glossSimp": "成玄英语，过分奉养地水火风之身。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "六塵", "formSimp": "厚资四大", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 45, "id": "g034", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "厚資四大", "headwordSimp": "坐忘而生无相", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "成玄英語，過分奉養地水火風之身。", "glossSimp": "成玄英语，谓忘身而生无相之智。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "厚資四大", "formSimp": "坐忘而生无相", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 46, "id": "g035", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "坐忘而生無相", "headwordSimp": "膻臊荣利", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "成玄英語，謂忘身而生無相之智。", "glossSimp": "成玄英语，谓视荣利如膻臊而厌之。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "坐忘而生無相", "formSimp": "膻臊荣利", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 47, "id": "g036", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "膻臊榮利", "headwordSimp": "违分求生", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "成玄英語，謂視榮利如膻臊而厭之。", "glossSimp": "唐玄宗语，谓越过分限以求奉其生。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "膻臊榮利", "formSimp": "违分求生", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 48, "id": "g037", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "違分求生", "headwordSimp": "国本斯弊", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "唐玄宗語，謂越過分限以求奉其生。", "glossSimp": "唐玄宗语，谓民为国本、本弊则危。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "違分求生", "formSimp": "国本斯弊", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 49, "id": "g038", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "國本斯弊", "headwordSimp": "动生大伪", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "唐玄宗語，謂民為國本、本弊則危。", "glossSimp": "唐玄宗语，谓政烦人扰则奸伪并生。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "國本斯弊", "formSimp": "动生大伪", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 50, "id": "g039", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "動生大偽", "headwordSimp": "不顾刑网", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "唐玄宗語，謂政煩人擾則姦偽並生。", "glossSimp": "唐玄宗语，谓徇其所求而不惮刑罚。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "動生大偽", "formSimp": "不顾刑网", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 51, "id": "g040", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "不顧刑網", "headwordSimp": "安分则足", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "唐玄宗語，謂徇其所求而不憚刑罰。", "glossSimp": "唐玄宗语，谓生有涯、安分则无不足。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "不顧刑網", "formSimp": "安分则足", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 52, "id": "g041", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "安分則足", "headwordSimp": "不厚生而生全", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "唐玄宗語，謂生有涯、安分則無不足。", "glossSimp": "唐玄宗语，谓不厚养其生反得全生。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "安分則足", "formSimp": "不厚生而生全", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 53, "id": "g042", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "不厚生而生全", "headwordSimp": "情伪", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "唐玄宗語，謂不厚養其生反得全生。", "glossSimp": "严遵语，谓真伪相乱。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "不厚生而生全", "formSimp": "情伪", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 54, "id": "g043", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "情偽", "headwordSimp": "轻入死地", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "嚴遵語，謂真偽相亂。", "glossSimp": "严遵语，谓轻易陷入死地。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "情偽", "formSimp": "轻入死地", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 55, "id": "g044", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "輕入死地", "headwordSimp": "无身者生", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "嚴遵語，謂輕易陷入死地。", "glossSimp": "严遵语，谓不有其身者反得生。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "輕入死地", "formSimp": "无身者生", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 56, "id": "g045", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "無身者生", "headwordSimp": "康宁", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "嚴遵語，謂不有其身者反得生。", "glossSimp": "严遵语，谓安和宁静。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "無身者生", "formSimp": "康宁", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 57, "id": "g046", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "康寧", "headwordSimp": "挠物", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "嚴遵語，謂安和寧靜。", "glossSimp": "李荣语，谓搅扰万物。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "康寧", "formSimp": "挠物", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 58, "id": "g047", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "撓物", "headwordSimp": "正性", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "李榮語，謂攪擾萬物。", "glossSimp": "李荣语，谓本正之性。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "撓物", "formSimp": "正性", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 59, "id": "g048", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "正性", "headwordSimp": "邪识", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "李榮語，謂本正之性。", "glossSimp": "李荣语，谓邪妄之识。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "正性", "formSimp": "邪识", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 60, "id": "g049", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "邪識", "headwordSimp": "爱流", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "李榮語，謂邪妄之識。", "glossSimp": "李荣语，谓情爱之流。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "邪識", "formSimp": "爱流", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 61, "id": "g050", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "愛流", "headwordSimp": "爽口", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "李榮語，謂情愛之流。", "glossSimp": "李荣语，谓滋味过多而伤口。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "愛流", "formSimp": "爽口", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 62, "id": "g051", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "爽口", "headwordSimp": "观身非有", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "李榮語，謂滋味過多而傷口。", "glossSimp": "李荣语，谓观身无实有。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "爽口", "formSimp": "观身非有", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 63, "id": "g052", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "觀身非有", "headwordSimp": "悟理无生", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "李榮語，謂觀身無實有。", "glossSimp": "李荣语，谓悟诸法无生之理。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "觀身非有", "formSimp": "悟理无生", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 64, "id": "g053", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "悟理無生", "headwordSimp": "与虚净而合德", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "李榮語，謂悟諸法無生之理。", "glossSimp": "李荣语，谓与虚静清净同其德。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "悟理無生", "formSimp": "与虚净而合德", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 65, "id": "g054", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "與虛淨而合德", "headwordSimp": "公田籍而不税", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "李榮語，謂與虛靜清淨同其德。", "glossSimp": "陆希声语，谓古者助法籍民力而不敛其税。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "與虛淨而合德", "formSimp": "公田籍而不税", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 66, "id": "g055", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "公田籍而不稅", "headwordSimp": "什一而税", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "陸希聲語，謂古者助法籍民力而不斂其稅。", "glossSimp": "陆希声语，谓十分取一为天下之中。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "公田籍而不稅", "formSimp": "什一而税", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 67, "id": "g056", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "什一而稅", "headwordSimp": "外其身而身存", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "陸希聲語，謂十分取一為天下之中。", "glossSimp": "陆希声、吴澄语，谓置其身于度外而身反得存。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "什一而稅", "formSimp": "外其身而身存", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 68, "id": "g057", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "外其身而身存", "headwordSimp": "同德", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "陸希聲、吳澄語，謂置其身於度外而身反得存。", "glossSimp": "吕惠卿语，谓织而衣、耕而食上下同其德。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "外其身而身存", "formSimp": "同德", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 69, "id": "g058", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "同德", "headwordSimp": "踶跂好知", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "呂惠卿語，謂織而衣、耕而食上下同其德。", "glossSimp": "吕惠卿语，出《庄子·马蹄》，谓厉意争先、偏好知巧。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "同德", "formSimp": "踶跂好知", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 70, "id": "g059", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "踶跂好知", "headwordSimp": "不自见以外其身", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "呂惠卿語，出《莊子·馬蹄》，謂厲意爭先、偏好知巧。", "glossSimp": "吕惠卿语，谓不自我显现以置其身于度外。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "踶跂好知", "formSimp": "不自见以外其身", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 71, "id": "g060", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "不自見以外其身", "headwordSimp": "以有为导民", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "呂惠卿語，謂不自我顯現以置其身於度外。", "glossSimp": "苏辙语，谓在上者以有为倡导于下。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "不自見以外其身", "formSimp": "以有为导民", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 72, "id": "g061", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "以有為導民", "headwordSimp": "利欲先民", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "蘇轍語，謂在上者以有為倡導於下。", "glossSimp": "苏辙语，谓在上者以利欲居民之先。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "以有為導民", "formSimp": "利欲先民", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 73, "id": "g062", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "利欲先民", "headwordSimp": "智术御下", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "蘇轍語，謂在上者以利欲居民之先。", "glossSimp": "吴澄语，谓以权智术数驾驭其下。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "利欲先民", "formSimp": "智术御下", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 74, "id": "g063", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "智術御下", "headwordSimp": "奸诈欺上", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "吳澄語，謂以權智術數駕馭其下。", "glossSimp": "吴澄语，谓下以奸伪诛诈应其上。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "智術御下", "formSimp": "奸诈欺上", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 75, "id": "g064", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "姦詐欺上", "headwordSimp": "保养太过", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "吳澄語，謂下以姦偽誅詐應其上。", "glossSimp": "吴澄语，谓将欲不死而适以易死。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "姦詐欺上", "formSimp": "保养太过", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 76, "id": "g065", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "保養太過", "headwordSimp": "无所容心", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "吳澄語，謂將欲不死而適以易死。", "glossSimp": "吴澄语，谓至人顺其自然。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "保養太過", "formSimp": "无所容心", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 77, "id": "g066", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "無所容心", "headwordSimp": "命根", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "吳澄語，謂至人順其自然。", "glossSimp": "憨山语，谓上下同以食为命。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "無所容心", "formSimp": "命根", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 78, "id": "g067", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "命根", "headwordSimp": "法令兹彰", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "憨山語，謂上下同以食為命。", "glossSimp": "憨山语，谓法令愈明则盗贼多有。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "命根", "formSimp": "法令兹彰", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 79, "id": "g068", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "法令茲彰", "headwordSimp": "斧𫓰之诛", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "憨山語，謂法令愈明則盜賊多有。", "glossSimp": "憨山语，谓刑杀之诛。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "法令茲彰", "formSimp": "斧𫓰之诛", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 80, "id": "g069", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "斧銊之誅", "headwordSimp": "养生之主", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "憨山語，謂刑殺之誅。", "glossSimp": "憨山语，谓主宰养生者，即性真。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "斧銊之誅", "formSimp": "养生之主", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 81, "id": "g070", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "養生之主", "headwordSimp": "扞网为奸", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "憨山語，謂主宰養生者，即性真。", "glossSimp": "魏源引张尔岐语，谓触犯法网为奸。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "養生之主", "formSimp": "扞网为奸", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 82, "id": "g071", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "扞網為奸", "headwordSimp": "有以诱之而又夺之", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "魏源引張爾岐語，謂觸犯法網為姦。", "glossSimp": "魏源语，谓在上者既诱民厚生又夺其所生。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "扞網為奸", "formSimp": "有以诱之而又夺之", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 83, "id": "g072", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "有以誘之而又奪之", "headwordSimp": "傅奕", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "魏源語，謂在上者既誘民厚生又奪其所生。", "glossSimp": "魏源校记所据唐傅奕古本《老子》。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "有以誘之而又奪之", "formSimp": "傅奕", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 84, "id": "g073", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "傅奕", "headwordSimp": "淮南子", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "魏源校記所據唐傅奕古本《老子》。", "glossSimp": "魏源末二句所从之书。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "傅奕", "formSimp": "淮南子", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 85, "id": "g074", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "淮南子", "headwordSimp": "玄德纂疏", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "魏源末二句所從之書。", "glossSimp": "唐道教注疏汇编，存成玄英、唐玄宗、严遵、李荣等佚文。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "淮南子", "formSimp": "玄德纂疏", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 86, "id": "g075", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "玄德纂疏", "headwordSimp": "辑文", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "唐道教注疏彙編，存成玄英、唐玄宗、嚴遵、李榮等佚文。", "glossSimp": "辑录佚文。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "玄德纂疏", "formSimp": "辑文", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 87, "id": "g076", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "輯文", "headwordSimp": "四部丛刊本", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "輯錄佚文。", "glossSimp": "河上公此章所用底本。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "輯文", "formSimp": "四部丛刊本", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 88, "id": "g077", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "四部叢刊本", "headwordSimp": "道藏本", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "河上公此章所用底本。", "glossSimp": "王弼、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄此章所用底本。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "四部叢刊本", "formSimp": "道藏本", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 89, "id": "g078", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "道藏本", "headwordSimp": "道藏本", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "王弼、陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄此章所用底本。", "glossSimp": "王弼、陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄此章所用底本。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "道藏本", "formSimp": "道藏本", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 } ] }, "relations": { "version": "1.0.0", "note": "第七十五章四句的十二家對照，為德經第三十八章。河上公此章據四部叢刊本、參《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引；王弼據道藏本而正文從通行本；成玄英、唐玄宗御注御疏、嚴遵、李榮據《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引；陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄據《道藏》本卷四；憨山、魏源據公開轉錄本。王夫之《老子衍》公開轉錄本止於第六十六章；俞樾《諸子平議》此章未列，故均不列。河上公題「貪損第七十五」；成玄英題「人之飢章第七十五」；呂惠卿、蘇轍並題「民之飢章第七十五」；王弼本、陸希聲本無章題；吳澄、魏源均以此章為其第六十二章。全章四句：首句言民飢由上取之多，次句言民難治由上之事繁，三句言民輕死由上之厚生，末句言無以生為者反賢於貴生者。河上公逐句質釋，以君上稅食下太多、民皆化上為貪釋飢，以君上多欲好有為釋難治，以求生活之道太厚、貪利以自危釋輕死，以爵祿不干於意、天子不得臣釋賢於貴生；王弼止一條總注，以「皆由上、不由其下、民從上」綱維全章；成玄英分章義三別而以理身說貫疏，以「上」為心、以「稅」為聚斂、以「食」為滋味，全章歸於萬境在一心；唐玄宗御注就賦稅、有為、違分、養過其分四節立說，御疏申言人者國本、無為而人自化、不顧刑網以徇所求、不厚生而生全；嚴遵僅存三則，以情偽難治、輕入死地、無以生為可以長生為說；李榮以稅重賦多、有為撓物、事積亂心味多爽口、觀身非有悟理無生歷說四句；陸希聲以公田籍而不稅、什一而稅為中制，以過理生生必得其死，以無以其生為生者外其身而身存；呂惠卿以三「非以其上……耶」反復申義，歸於無事無欲而民自富自樸，以踶跂好知、爭歸於利為生生之厚之本；蘇轍三條以有為導民、利欲先民、貴生之極必至於輕死為說；吳澄以食稅之義、智術姦詐欺應相因、求生之心太重將欲不死而適以易死為說；憨山以此釋上章民不畏死之所以，以凡賊盜起於飢寒、法令茲彰、盜賊多有為難治之本，又謂「以其求生之厚」影前當有一上字；魏源博引王弼、呂惠卿、張爾岐而斷以源案，謂民之厚生由於上之自厚其生，有以誘之而又奪之。諸家於「上」或指君上、或指心，於「求生之厚」或作「生生之厚」、或據傅奕補「上」字，於末句或就刑政言、或就理身言，取徑不同而皆以「責在上者」為一致。", "concepts": [ { "id": "min-ji-yi-shang-shui-shui-zhi-duo", "name": "民之飢，以其上食稅之多", "nameTrad": "民之飢，以其上食稅之多", "question": "民飢之責，何以專歸於在上者？", "questionTrad": "民飢之責，何以專歸於在上者？", "intro": "此組聚於首句。河上公以人民飢寒專由君上稅食下太多，並謂民皆化上為貪、叛道違德而後飢，已預伏下二句。王弼止以「民之所以僻、治之所以亂皆由上、不由其下、民從上也」一條總括，為全章立綱。成玄英標章義，以前章明眾生為罪既深次此章明耽著有為，分三別，其疏則全就理身說，以飢為內無德、上為心、稅為聚斂、食為滋味，謂心緣前境、多貪滋味故壞德。唐玄宗御注以君上食用賦稅太多致人飢乏不足，御疏申言夫人者國之本，政煩賦重則人貧乏、國本斯弊、弊則危矣。李榮謂百姓飢窮、四民困乏非佗由也，稅重賦多而已。陸希聲考古者公田籍而不稅、後世什一而稅為天下之中，今之在上取民太多則民不得不饑。呂惠卿以一夫之耕足以食數口設問，反復以「非以其上食稅之多故飢耶」申之。吳澄分「食」為君所食於民者、「稅」為民之所出以供上之食者，謂上多取於民則民飢且貧。憨山謂無君子莫治野人、無野人莫養君子，上下同一命根，取之有制猶可免於飢寒，太多則奪民之食以自奉，凡賊盜起於飢寒。魏源引王弼、呂惠卿、張爾岐之說，斷以源案：在上者自厚其生，有以誘之而又奪之。諸家或就徵斂言、或就教化言、或就理身言，皆以「上」為致病之主。", "introTrad": "此組聚於首句。河上公以人民飢寒專由君上稅食下太多，並謂民皆化上為貪、叛道違德而後飢，已預伏下二句。王弼止以「民之所以僻、治之所以亂皆由上、不由其下、民從上也」一條總括，為全章立綱。成玄英標章義，以前章明眾生為罪既深次此章明耽著有為，分三別，其疏則全就理身說，以飢為內無德、上為心、稅為聚斂、食為滋味，謂心緣前境、多貪滋味故壞德。唐玄宗御注以君上食用賦稅太多致人飢乏不足，御疏申言夫人者國之本，政煩賦重則人貧乏、國本斯弊、弊則危矣。李榮謂百姓飢窮、四民困乏非佗由也，稅重賦多而已。陸希聲考古者公田籍而不稅、後世什一而稅為天下之中，今之在上取民太多則民不得不饑。呂惠卿以一夫之耕足以食數口設問，反復以「非以其上食稅之多故飢耶」申之。吳澄分「食」為君所食於民者、「稅」為民之所出以供上之食者，謂上多取於民則民飢且貧。憨山謂無君子莫治野人、無野人莫養君子，上下同一命根，取之有制猶可免於飢寒，太多則奪民之食以自奉，凡賊盜起於飢寒。魏源引王弼、呂惠卿、張爾岐之說，斷以源案：在上者自厚其生，有以誘之而又奪之。諸家或就徵斂言、或就教化言、或就理身言，皆以「上」為致病之主。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "人民飢寒由君上稅食下太多，民皆化上為貪、叛道違德故飢。", "thesisTrad": "人民飢寒由君上稅食下太多，民皆化上為貪、叛道違德故飢。", "noteIds": [ "c001" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "人民饥寒由君上税食下太多，民皆化上为贪、叛道违德故饥。" }, "wangbi": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "民之所以僻、治之所以亂皆由上，不由其下，民從上也。", "thesisTrad": "民之所以僻、治之所以亂皆由上，不由其下，民從上也。", "noteIds": [ "c005" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "民之所以僻、治之所以乱皆由上，不由其下，民从上也。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "飢謂內無德，上謂心；稅為聚斂、食為滋味，心緣前境故壞德。", "thesisTrad": "飢謂內無德，上謂心；稅為聚斂、食為滋味，心緣前境故壞德。", "noteIds": [ "c006", "c007", "c008" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "饥谓内无德，上谓心；税为聚敛、食为滋味，心缘前境故坏德。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "人者國之本，政煩賦重則國本斯弊，饑乏由君上食用賦稅太多。", "thesisTrad": "人者國之本，政煩賦重則國本斯弊，饑乏由君上食用賦稅太多。", "noteIds": [ "c012", "c016" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "人者国之本，政烦赋重则国本斯弊，饥乏由君上食用赋税太多。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "百姓飢窮、四民困乏，非佗由也，稅重賦多。", "thesisTrad": "百姓飢窮、四民困乏，非佗由也，稅重賦多。", "noteIds": [ "c023" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "百姓饥穷、四民困乏，非佗由也，税重赋多。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "古者什一為天下之中，今在上取民太多則民不得不饑。", "thesisTrad": "古者什一為天下之中，今在上取民太多則民不得不饑。", "noteIds": [ "c027" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "古者什一为天下之中，今在上取民太多则民不得不饥。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "一夫之耕足以食數口，民之飢非以其上食稅之多耶。", "thesisTrad": "一夫之耕足以食數口，民之飢非以其上食稅之多耶。", "noteIds": [ "c028" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "一夫之耕足以食数口，民之饥非以其上食税之多耶。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "食謂君所食於民者，稅謂民之所出以供上者，上多取則民飢且貧。", "thesisTrad": "食謂君所食於民者，稅謂民之所出以供上者，上多取則民飢且貧。", "noteIds": [ "c032" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "食谓君所食于民者，税谓民之所出以供上者，上多取则民饥且贫。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "上下同一命根，取之太多則奪民之食以自奉，凡賊盜起於飢寒。", "thesisTrad": "上下同一命根，取之太多則奪民之食以自奉，凡賊盜起於飢寒。", "noteIds": [ "c035" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "上下同一命根，取之太多则夺民之食以自奉，凡贼盗起于饥寒。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "稅即租也；民之厚生由於上之自厚其生，有以誘之而又奪之。", "thesisTrad": "稅即租也；民之厚生由於上之自厚其生，有以誘之而又奪之。", "noteIds": [ "c037" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "税即租也；民之厚生由于上之自厚其生，有以诱之而又夺之。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c001", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公以君上稅食下太多釋民飢，並謂民皆化上為貪、叛道違德。", "textTrad": "河上公以君上稅食下太多釋民飢，並謂民皆化上為貪、叛道違德。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公以君上税食下太多释民饥，并谓民皆化上为贪、叛道违德。" }, { "noteId": "c005", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "王弼總舉全章，謂民之僻、治之亂皆由上而不由下。", "textTrad": "王弼總舉全章，謂民之僻、治之亂皆由上而不由下。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "王弼总举全章，谓民之僻、治之乱皆由上而不由下。" }, { "noteId": "c006", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英標章義三別，以此章明眾生耽染有為。", "textTrad": "成玄英標章義三別，以此章明眾生耽染有為。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英标章义三别，以此章明众生耽染有为。" }, { "noteId": "c008", "relation": "轉深", "relationTrad": "轉深", "text": "成疏以「上」為心、以「稅」為聚斂，全章由理國轉入理身。", "textTrad": "成疏以「上」為心、以「稅」為聚斂，全章由理國轉入理身。", "relationSimp": "转深", "textSimp": "成疏以「上」为心、以「税」为聚敛，全章由理国转入理身。" }, { "noteId": "c012", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "御注以君上食用賦稅太多致人飢乏不足。", "textTrad": "御注以君上食用賦稅太多致人飢乏不足。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "御注以君上食用赋税太多致人饥乏不足。" }, { "noteId": "c016", "relation": "御疏", "relationTrad": "御疏", "text": "御疏申言夫人者國之本，政煩賦重則國本斯弊、弊則危矣。", "textTrad": "御疏申言夫人者國之本，政煩賦重則國本斯弊、弊則危矣。", "relationSimp": "御疏", "textSimp": "御疏申言夫人者国之本，政烦赋重则国本斯弊、弊则危矣。" }, { "noteId": "c023", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮以百姓飢窮、四民困乏專歸於稅重賦多。", "textTrad": "李榮以百姓飢窮、四民困乏專歸於稅重賦多。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣以百姓饥穷、四民困乏专归于税重赋多。" }, { "noteId": "c027", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "陸希聲以什一為天下之中，謂今之在上取民太多則民不得不饑。", "textTrad": "陸希聲以什一為天下之中，謂今之在上取民太多則民不得不饑。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "陆希声以什一为天下之中，谓今之在上取民太多则民不得不饥。" }, { "noteId": "c028", "relation": "申說", "relationTrad": "申說", "text": "呂惠卿以一夫之耕足以食數口設問，反復以「非以其上……耶」申之。", "textTrad": "呂惠卿以一夫之耕足以食數口設問，反復以「非以其上……耶」申之。", "relationSimp": "申说", "textSimp": "吕惠卿以一夫之耕足以食数口设问，反复以「非以其上……耶」申之。" }, { "noteId": "c032", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄分別食、稅之義，謂上多取於民則民飢且貧。", "textTrad": "吳澄分別食、稅之義，謂上多取於民則民飢且貧。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄分别食、税之义，谓上多取于民则民饥且贫。" }, { "noteId": "c035", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "憨山以命根說上下相待，奪民食以自奉則盜起於飢寒。", "textTrad": "憨山以命根說上下相待，奪民食以自奉則盜起於飢寒。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "憨山以命根说上下相待，夺民食以自奉则盗起于饥寒。" }, { "noteId": "c037", "relation": "本義", "relationTrad": "本義", "text": "魏源引王弼、張爾岐，斷以在上者自厚其生、有以誘之而又奪之。", "textTrad": "魏源引王弼、張爾岐，斷以在上者自厚其生、有以誘之而又奪之。", "relationSimp": "本义", "textSimp": "魏源引王弼、张尔岐，断以在上者自厚其生、有以诱之而又夺之。" } ], "nameSimp": "民之饥，以其上食税之多", "questionSimp": "民饥之责，何以专归于在上者？", "introSimp": "此组聚于首句。河上公以人民饥寒专由君上税食下太多，并谓民皆化上为贪、叛道违德而后饥，已预伏下二句。王弼止以「民之所以僻、治之所以乱皆由上、不由其下、民从上也」一条总括，为全章立纲。成玄英标章义，以前章明众生为罪既深次此章明耽着有为，分三别，其疏则全就理身说，以饥为内无德、上为心、税为聚敛、食为滋味，谓心缘前境、多贪滋味故坏德。唐玄宗御注以君上食用赋税太多致人饥乏不足，御疏申言夫人者国之本，政烦赋重则人贫乏、国本斯弊、弊则危矣。李荣谓百姓饥穷、四民困乏非佗由也，税重赋多而已。陆希声考古者公田籍而不税、后世什一而税为天下之中，今之在上取民太多则民不得不饥。吕惠卿以一夫之耕足以食数口设问，反复以「非以其上食税之多故饥耶」申之。吴澄分「食」为君所食于民者、「税」为民之所出以供上之食者，谓上多取于民则民饥且贫。憨山谓无君子莫治野人、无野人莫养君子，上下同一命根，取之有制犹可免于饥寒，太多则夺民之食以自奉，凡贼盗起于饥寒。魏源引王弼、吕惠卿、张尔岐之说，断以源案：在上者自厚其生，有以诱之而又夺之。诸家或就征敛言、或就教化言、或就理身言，皆以「上」为致病之主。" }, { "id": "you-wei-yu-min-nan-zhi", "name": "民之難治，以其上之有為", "nameTrad": "民之難治，以其上之有為", "question": "有為之政何以反致難治？", "questionTrad": "有為之政何以反致難治？", "intro": "此組聚於第二句。河上公以民不可治由君上多欲好有為。成玄英謂百姓之難治以百行馳騖、紛然難理，只為心耽有為，心若無為則諸行易治，是知萬境唯在一心。唐玄宗御注以有為則難理、詐興多，御疏申言為理之本諒在無為、故我無為而人自化，有為則政煩而人擾、動生大偽。嚴遵輯文謂是以其民化上有為、情偽難治，四部叢刊本河上公注下亦引此二語。李榮以有為撓物所以難治、無為正身自然易化，正與御疏之旨相表裏。陸希聲以古之在上無為無欲故其民少事各遂其性，今也其上有為有欲故其民多事不得安其生，至於難以致治。呂惠卿以織而衣、耕而食是謂同德，奚難治哉，歸於無為而民自化、好靜而民自正。蘇轍謂上以有為導民、民亦以有為應之，故事多而難治，以應之二字點出上下相激。吳澄謂上有為以智術御其下、下亦以姦詐欺其上，故難治，就智術、姦偽立說。憨山謂既驅民以致盜而後用智術法以治之，故法令茲彰、盜賊多有，此民所以愈難治。魏源引呂惠卿無事而民自富之說，謂尚安有生生之厚而至於輕死者乎。諸家或以政煩、或以智術、或以心耽為難治之本，皆以「民之難治」非民之罪。", "introTrad": "此組聚於第二句。河上公以民不可治由君上多欲好有為。成玄英謂百姓之難治以百行馳騖、紛然難理，只為心耽有為，心若無為則諸行易治，是知萬境唯在一心。唐玄宗御注以有為則難理、詐興多，御疏申言為理之本諒在無為、故我無為而人自化，有為則政煩而人擾、動生大偽。嚴遵輯文謂是以其民化上有為、情偽難治，四部叢刊本河上公注下亦引此二語。李榮以有為撓物所以難治、無為正身自然易化，正與御疏之旨相表裏。陸希聲以古之在上無為無欲故其民少事各遂其性，今也其上有為有欲故其民多事不得安其生，至於難以致治。呂惠卿以織而衣、耕而食是謂同德，奚難治哉，歸於無為而民自化、好靜而民自正。蘇轍謂上以有為導民、民亦以有為應之，故事多而難治，以應之二字點出上下相激。吳澄謂上有為以智術御其下、下亦以姦詐欺其上，故難治，就智術、姦偽立說。憨山謂既驅民以致盜而後用智術法以治之，故法令茲彰、盜賊多有，此民所以愈難治。魏源引呂惠卿無事而民自富之說，謂尚安有生生之厚而至於輕死者乎。諸家或以政煩、或以智術、或以心耽為難治之本，皆以「民之難治」非民之罪。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "民之不可治，以其君上多欲好有為。", "thesisTrad": "民之不可治，以其君上多欲好有為。", "noteIds": [ "c002" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "民之不可治，以其君上多欲好有为。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "百行馳騖由心耽有為，心若無為則諸行易治。", "thesisTrad": "百行馳騖由心耽有為，心若無為則諸行易治。", "noteIds": [ "c009" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "百行驰骛由心耽有为，心若无为则诸行易治。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "為理之本諒在無為；有為則政煩人擾、動生大偽。", "thesisTrad": "為理之本諒在無為；有為則政煩人擾、動生大偽。", "noteIds": [ "c013", "c017" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "为理之本谅在无为；有为则政烦人扰、动生大伪。" }, "yanzun": { "workType": "輯文", "workTypeTrad": "輯文", "thesis": "其民化上有為，情偽難治。", "thesisTrad": "其民化上有為，情偽難治。", "noteIds": [ "c020" ], "workTypeSimp": "辑文", "thesisSimp": "其民化上有为，情伪难治。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "有為撓物所以難治，無為正身自然易化。", "thesisTrad": "有為撓物所以難治，無為正身自然易化。", "noteIds": [ "c024" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "有为挠物所以难治，无为正身自然易化。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "上有為有欲則民多事不得安其生，故至於難以致治。", "thesisTrad": "上有為有欲則民多事不得安其生，故至於難以致治。", "noteIds": [ "c027" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "上有为有欲则民多事不得安其生，故至于难以致治。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "織而衣、耕而食是謂同德；無為而民自化則難治無有。", "thesisTrad": "織而衣、耕而食是謂同德；無為而民自化則難治無有。", "noteIds": [ "c028" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "织而衣、耕而食是谓同德；无为而民自化则难治无有。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "上以有為導民，民亦以有為應之，故事多而難治。", "thesisTrad": "上以有為導民，民亦以有為應之，故事多而難治。", "noteIds": [ "c029" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "上以有为导民，民亦以有为应之，故事多而难治。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "上以智術御其下，下以姦詐欺其上，故難治。", "thesisTrad": "上以智術御其下，下以姦詐欺其上，故難治。", "noteIds": [ "c033" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "上以智术御其下，下以奸诈欺其上，故难治。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "驅民致盜而後用智術法，法令茲彰則盜賊多有、愈難治。", "thesisTrad": "驅民致盜而後用智術法，法令茲彰則盜賊多有、愈難治。", "noteIds": [ "c035" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "驱民致盗而后用智术法，法令兹彰则盗贼多有、愈难治。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "無事無欲則民自富自樸，尚安有生生之厚而至於輕死。", "thesisTrad": "無事無欲則民自富自樸，尚安有生生之厚而至於輕死。", "noteIds": [ "c037" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "无事无欲则民自富自朴，尚安有生生之厚而至于轻死。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c002", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公以君上多欲好有為釋民之難治。", "textTrad": "河上公以君上多欲好有為釋民之難治。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公以君上多欲好有为释民之难治。" }, { "noteId": "c020", "relation": "輯文", "relationTrad": "輯文", "text": "嚴遵謂民化上有為、情偽難治，與四部叢刊本所附注語相同。", "textTrad": "嚴遵謂民化上有為、情偽難治，與四部叢刊本所附注語相同。", "relationSimp": "辑文", "textSimp": "严遵谓民化上有为、情伪难治，与四部丛刊本所附注语相同。" }, { "noteId": "c013", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "御注以君上有為則難理、詐興多。", "textTrad": "御注以君上有為則難理、詐興多。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "御注以君上有为则难理、诈兴多。" }, { "noteId": "c017", "relation": "御疏", "relationTrad": "御疏", "text": "御疏申言為理之本諒在無為，有為則政煩而人擾、動生大偽。", "textTrad": "御疏申言為理之本諒在無為，有為則政煩而人擾、動生大偽。", "relationSimp": "御疏", "textSimp": "御疏申言为理之本谅在无为，有为则政烦而人扰、动生大伪。" }, { "noteId": "c024", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮以有為撓物、無為正身對說治與難治。", "textTrad": "李榮以有為撓物、無為正身對說治與難治。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣以有为挠物、无为正身对说治与难治。" }, { "noteId": "c009", "relation": "別解", "relationTrad": "別解", "text": "成疏以心耽有為釋難治，謂萬境唯在一心。", "textTrad": "成疏以心耽有為釋難治，謂萬境唯在一心。", "relationSimp": "别解", "textSimp": "成疏以心耽有为释难治，谓万境唯在一心。" }, { "noteId": "c027", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "陸希聲以古今上下無為有為之異，釋民少事與民多事。", "textTrad": "陸希聲以古今上下無為有為之異，釋民少事與民多事。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "陆希声以古今上下无为有为之异，释民少事与民多事。" }, { "noteId": "c029", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "蘇轍以「民亦以有為應之」點出上下相激。", "textTrad": "蘇轍以「民亦以有為應之」點出上下相激。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "苏辙以「民亦以有为应之」点出上下相激。" }, { "noteId": "c033", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄就智術御下、姦詐欺上立說，轉入治術之弊。", "textTrad": "吳澄就智術御下、姦詐欺上立說，轉入治術之弊。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄就智术御下、奸诈欺上立说，转入治术之弊。" }, { "noteId": "c035", "relation": "轉深", "relationTrad": "轉深", "text": "憨山謂既驅民以致盜而後用智術法，法令茲彰則民愈難治。", "textTrad": "憨山謂既驅民以致盜而後用智術法，法令茲彰則民愈難治。", "relationSimp": "转深", "textSimp": "憨山谓既驱民以致盗而后用智术法，法令兹彰则民愈难治。" } ], "nameSimp": "民之难治，以其上之有为", "questionSimp": "有为之政何以反致难治？", "introSimp": "此组聚于第二句。河上公以民不可治由君上多欲好有为。成玄英谓百姓之难治以百行驰骛、纷然难理，只为心耽有为，心若无为则诸行易治，是知万境唯在一心。唐玄宗御注以有为则难理、诈兴多，御疏申言为理之本谅在无为、故我无为而人自化，有为则政烦而人扰、动生大伪。严遵辑文谓是以其民化上有为、情伪难治，四部丛刊本河上公注下亦引此二语。李荣以有为挠物所以难治、无为正身自然易化，正与御疏之旨相表里。陆希声以古之在上无为无欲故其民少事各遂其性，今也其上有为有欲故其民多事不得安其生，至于难以致治。吕惠卿以织而衣、耕而食是谓同德，奚难治哉，归于无为而民自化、好静而民自正。苏辙谓上以有为导民、民亦以有为应之，故事多而难治，以应之二字点出上下相激。吴澄谓上有为以智术御其下、下亦以奸诈欺其上，故难治，就智术、奸伪立说。憨山谓既驱民以致盗而后用智术法以治之，故法令兹彰、盗贼多有，此民所以愈难治。魏源引吕惠卿无事而民自富之说，谓尚安有生生之厚而至于轻死者乎。诸家或以政烦、或以智术、或以心耽为难治之本，皆以「民之难治」非民之罪。" }, { "id": "qiu-sheng-zhi-hou-yu-min-qing-si", "name": "求生之厚與民之輕死", "nameTrad": "求生之厚與民之輕死", "question": "奉養其生愈厚，何以反致輕於赴死？", "questionTrad": "奉養其生愈厚，何以反致輕於赴死？", "intro": "此組聚於第三句，兼及「求生之厚」與「生生之厚」之異文。王弼本、河上公注、陸希聲、憨山作「以其求生之厚」，呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、成玄英疏、李榮、魏源作「以其生生之厚」，傅奕作「以其上求生之厚也」。河上公以人民輕犯死由求生活之道太厚、貪利以自危。成玄英謂修行人不終天年而輕入死地，以其迷情顛倒、不知物我俱幻、多貪六塵、厚資四大。唐玄宗御注以違分求生大厚，御疏謂不顧刑網以徇所求。嚴遵以求生太厚之故輕入死地。李榮謂重生之人制浮情於正性、輕死之輩溺邪識於愛流，取彼有生之生命以養虛假之身，訓厚為積、為多，謂事積則亂心、味多則爽口。陸希聲謂民之生有常理不可厚，苟厚其生必過於理，過理生生必得其死。呂惠卿以甘其食、美其服、安其俗、樂其居則奚至於輕死，謂生生之厚而至於輕死，以其踶跂好知、爭歸於利而不可止。蘇轍謂上以利欲先民、民亦爭厚其生，故雖死而求利不厭。吳澄訓輕為易，謂求生之心太重、保養太過，將欲不死而適以易死。憨山謂民之輕死良由在上求生之厚，又謂此句影前當有一上字方盡其妙。魏源斷以民之輕棄其生由於生生之厚，而民之厚生由於上之自厚其生。諸家於「厚」或就貪利言、或就縱欲言、或就政令言，皆以厚生適足致死。", "introTrad": "此組聚於第三句，兼及「求生之厚」與「生生之厚」之異文。王弼本、河上公注、陸希聲、憨山作「以其求生之厚」，呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、成玄英疏、李榮、魏源作「以其生生之厚」，傅奕作「以其上求生之厚也」。河上公以人民輕犯死由求生活之道太厚、貪利以自危。成玄英謂修行人不終天年而輕入死地，以其迷情顛倒、不知物我俱幻、多貪六塵、厚資四大。唐玄宗御注以違分求生大厚，御疏謂不顧刑網以徇所求。嚴遵以求生太厚之故輕入死地。李榮謂重生之人制浮情於正性、輕死之輩溺邪識於愛流，取彼有生之生命以養虛假之身，訓厚為積、為多，謂事積則亂心、味多則爽口。陸希聲謂民之生有常理不可厚，苟厚其生必過於理，過理生生必得其死。呂惠卿以甘其食、美其服、安其俗、樂其居則奚至於輕死，謂生生之厚而至於輕死，以其踶跂好知、爭歸於利而不可止。蘇轍謂上以利欲先民、民亦爭厚其生，故雖死而求利不厭。吳澄訓輕為易，謂求生之心太重、保養太過，將欲不死而適以易死。憨山謂民之輕死良由在上求生之厚，又謂此句影前當有一上字方盡其妙。魏源斷以民之輕棄其生由於生生之厚，而民之厚生由於上之自厚其生。諸家於「厚」或就貪利言、或就縱欲言、或就政令言，皆以厚生適足致死。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "求生活之道太厚、貪利以自危，故輕犯死。", "thesisTrad": "求生活之道太厚、貪利以自危，故輕犯死。", "noteIds": [ "c003" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "求生活之道太厚、贪利以自危，故轻犯死。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "迷情顛倒、多貪六塵、厚資四大，故不終天年而輕入死地。", "thesisTrad": "迷情顛倒、多貪六塵、厚資四大，故不終天年而輕入死地。", "noteIds": [ "c010" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "迷情颠倒、多贪六尘、厚资四大，故不终天年而轻入死地。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "違分求生大厚，不顧刑網以徇所求，是以輕死。", "thesisTrad": "違分求生大厚，不顧刑網以徇所求，是以輕死。", "noteIds": [ "c014", "c018" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "违分求生大厚，不顾刑网以徇所求，是以轻死。" }, "yanzun": { "workType": "輯文", "workTypeTrad": "輯文", "thesis": "以求生太厚之故，輕入死地。", "thesisTrad": "以求生太厚之故，輕入死地。", "noteIds": [ "c021" ], "workTypeSimp": "辑文", "thesisSimp": "以求生太厚之故，轻入死地。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "溺邪識於愛流，事積亂心、味多爽口，縱欲喪身。", "thesisTrad": "溺邪識於愛流，事積亂心、味多爽口，縱欲喪身。", "noteIds": [ "c025" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "溺邪识于爱流，事积乱心、味多爽口，纵欲丧身。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "民之生有常理，過理生生必得其死。", "thesisTrad": "民之生有常理，過理生生必得其死。", "noteIds": [ "c027" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "民之生有常理，过理生生必得其死。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "踶跂好知、爭歸於利而不可止，故生生之厚而至於輕死。", "thesisTrad": "踶跂好知、爭歸於利而不可止，故生生之厚而至於輕死。", "noteIds": [ "c028" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "踶跂好知、争归于利而不可止，故生生之厚而至于轻死。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "上以利欲先民，民亦爭厚其生，雖死而求利不厭。", "thesisTrad": "上以利欲先民，民亦爭厚其生，雖死而求利不厭。", "noteIds": [ "c030" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "上以利欲先民，民亦争厚其生，虽死而求利不厌。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "輕，易也；求生之心太重、保養太過，將欲不死而適以易死。", "thesisTrad": "輕，易也；求生之心太重、保養太過，將欲不死而適以易死。", "noteIds": [ "c034" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "轻，易也；求生之心太重、保养太过，将欲不死而适以易死。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "民之輕死良由在上求生之厚；此句影前當有一上字。", "thesisTrad": "民之輕死良由在上求生之厚；此句影前當有一上字。", "noteIds": [ "c036" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "民之轻死良由在上求生之厚；此句影前当有一上字。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "民之輕棄其生由於生生之厚，而民之厚生由於上之自厚其生。", "thesisTrad": "民之輕棄其生由於生生之厚，而民之厚生由於上之自厚其生。", "noteIds": [ "c037", "c038" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "民之轻弃其生由于生生之厚，而民之厚生由于上之自厚其生。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c003", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公以求生活之道太厚、貪利以自危釋輕死。", "textTrad": "河上公以求生活之道太厚、貪利以自危釋輕死。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公以求生活之道太厚、贪利以自危释轻死。" }, { "noteId": "c014", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "御注以違分求生大厚釋輕死。", "textTrad": "御注以違分求生大厚釋輕死。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "御注以违分求生大厚释轻死。" }, { "noteId": "c018", "relation": "御疏", "relationTrad": "御疏", "text": "御疏申言養生太厚則不顧刑網以徇所求。", "textTrad": "御疏申言養生太厚則不顧刑網以徇所求。", "relationSimp": "御疏", "textSimp": "御疏申言养生太厚则不顾刑网以徇所求。" }, { "noteId": "c021", "relation": "輯文", "relationTrad": "輯文", "text": "嚴遵謂求生太厚之故，輕入死地。", "textTrad": "嚴遵謂求生太厚之故，輕入死地。", "relationSimp": "辑文", "textSimp": "严遵谓求生太厚之故，轻入死地。" }, { "noteId": "c025", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮訓厚為積、為多，謂事積亂心、味多爽口、縱欲喪身。", "textTrad": "李榮訓厚為積、為多，謂事積亂心、味多爽口、縱欲喪身。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣训厚为积、为多，谓事积乱心、味多爽口、纵欲丧身。" }, { "noteId": "c010", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成疏以迷情顛倒、多貪六塵、厚資四大釋輕入死地。", "textTrad": "成疏以迷情顛倒、多貪六塵、厚資四大釋輕入死地。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成疏以迷情颠倒、多贪六尘、厚资四大释轻入死地。" }, { "noteId": "c027", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "陸希聲謂民之生有常理，過理生生必得其死。", "textTrad": "陸希聲謂民之生有常理，過理生生必得其死。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "陆希声谓民之生有常理，过理生生必得其死。" }, { "noteId": "c030", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "蘇轍謂上以利欲先民，民爭厚其生，雖死而不厭。", "textTrad": "蘇轍謂上以利欲先民，民爭厚其生，雖死而不厭。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "苏辙谓上以利欲先民，民争厚其生，虽死而不厌。" }, { "noteId": "c028", "relation": "申說", "relationTrad": "申說", "text": "呂惠卿以踶跂好知、爭歸於利為生生之厚之根源。", "textTrad": "呂惠卿以踶跂好知、爭歸於利為生生之厚之根源。", "relationSimp": "申说", "textSimp": "吕惠卿以踶跂好知、争归于利为生生之厚之根源。" }, { "noteId": "c034", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄訓輕為易，謂保養太過將欲不死而適以易死。", "textTrad": "吳澄訓輕為易，謂保養太過將欲不死而適以易死。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄训轻为易，谓保养太过将欲不死而适以易死。" }, { "noteId": "c036", "relation": "按語", "relationTrad": "按語", "text": "憨山謂「以其求生之厚」影前當有一上字，方盡其妙。", "textTrad": "憨山謂「以其求生之厚」影前當有一上字，方盡其妙。", "relationSimp": "按语", "textSimp": "憨山谓「以其求生之厚」影前当有一上字，方尽其妙。" }, { "noteId": "c038", "relation": "本義", "relationTrad": "本義", "text": "魏源校記存傅奕「以其上求生之厚也」，正文則作「生生之厚」。", "textTrad": "魏源校記存傅奕「以其上求生之厚也」，正文則作「生生之厚」。", "relationSimp": "本义", "textSimp": "魏源校记存傅奕「以其上求生之厚也」，正文则作「生生之厚」。" } ], "nameSimp": "求生之厚与民之轻死", "questionSimp": "奉养其生愈厚，何以反致轻于赴死？", "introSimp": "此组聚于第三句，兼及「求生之厚」与「生生之厚」之异文。王弼本、河上公注、陆希声、憨山作「以其求生之厚」，吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、成玄英疏、李荣、魏源作「以其生生之厚」，傅奕作「以其上求生之厚也」。河上公以人民轻犯死由求生活之道太厚、贪利以自危。成玄英谓修行人不终天年而轻入死地，以其迷情颠倒、不知物我俱幻、多贪六尘、厚资四大。唐玄宗御注以违分求生大厚，御疏谓不顾刑网以徇所求。严遵以求生太厚之故轻入死地。李荣谓重生之人制浮情于正性、轻死之辈溺邪识于爱流，取彼有生之生命以养虚假之身，训厚为积、为多，谓事积则乱心、味多则爽口。陆希声谓民之生有常理不可厚，苟厚其生必过于理，过理生生必得其死。吕惠卿以甘其食、美其服、安其俗、乐其居则奚至于轻死，谓生生之厚而至于轻死，以其踶跂好知、争归于利而不可止。苏辙谓上以利欲先民、民亦争厚其生，故虽死而求利不厌。吴澄训轻为易，谓求生之心太重、保养太过，将欲不死而适以易死。憨山谓民之轻死良由在上求生之厚，又谓此句影前当有一上字方尽其妙。魏源断以民之轻弃其生由于生生之厚，而民之厚生由于上之自厚其生。诸家于「厚」或就贪利言、或就纵欲言、或就政令言，皆以厚生适足致死。" }, { "id": "wu-yi-sheng-wei-xian-yu-gui-sheng", "name": "無以生為，是賢於貴生", "nameTrad": "無以生為，是賢於貴生", "question": "無以生為何以反勝於貴生？", "questionTrad": "無以生為何以反勝於貴生？", "intro": "此組聚於末句，為全章歸趣。河上公以獨無以生為務者爵祿不干於意、財利不入於身、天子不得臣、諸侯不得使當之。王弼總注謂皆由上、民從上，末句之賢亦自上之無為出。成玄英訓賢為善，謂玄悟之士非滅色空不能坐忘而生無相，故膻臊榮利、厭穢風塵，獨不以生為生者為善能攝貴生之人。唐玄宗御注以自然之分足則生全、養過其分則分過而生亡，御疏申言生有涯而安分則足，不厚生而生全、求厚生而生喪。嚴遵謂自然之道常與物反、無身者生、有身者死，無以人為可以康寧、無以生為可以長生。李榮謂厚養過其分遂致傷生，達至道者觀身非有、悟理無生、與虛淨而合德，雖不養生而生自養，此所能重生，並訓賢為德、貴為重。陸希聲謂無以其生為生者外其身而身存，故賢於貴其生者遠矣。呂惠卿謂聖人不自見以外其身、不自貴以遺其生，知其無以生為而已矣。蘇轍以貴生之極必至於輕死、惟無以生為而生自全矣一語斷之。吳澄謂至人非不愛生，順其自然、無所容心，外其身而身存，賢於重用其心以貴生而反易死。憨山謂但知生之可貴而以養生為事，不知有生之主；苟知養生之主，則欲自消而心自靜，天下治矣，並引《莊子》《養生主》《馬蹄》《胠篋》為注解。魏源引張爾岐謂在上不多取多事以病其下、在下不敢扞網為奸以累其上，是賢於貴生，末語老氏宗旨而其意深遠。諸家或以治國言、或以理身言，皆以不厚生者反能全生。", "introTrad": "此組聚於末句，為全章歸趣。河上公以獨無以生為務者爵祿不干於意、財利不入於身、天子不得臣、諸侯不得使當之。王弼總注謂皆由上、民從上，末句之賢亦自上之無為出。成玄英訓賢為善，謂玄悟之士非滅色空不能坐忘而生無相，故膻臊榮利、厭穢風塵，獨不以生為生者為善能攝貴生之人。唐玄宗御注以自然之分足則生全、養過其分則分過而生亡，御疏申言生有涯而安分則足，不厚生而生全、求厚生而生喪。嚴遵謂自然之道常與物反、無身者生、有身者死，無以人為可以康寧、無以生為可以長生。李榮謂厚養過其分遂致傷生，達至道者觀身非有、悟理無生、與虛淨而合德，雖不養生而生自養，此所能重生，並訓賢為德、貴為重。陸希聲謂無以其生為生者外其身而身存，故賢於貴其生者遠矣。呂惠卿謂聖人不自見以外其身、不自貴以遺其生，知其無以生為而已矣。蘇轍以貴生之極必至於輕死、惟無以生為而生自全矣一語斷之。吳澄謂至人非不愛生，順其自然、無所容心，外其身而身存，賢於重用其心以貴生而反易死。憨山謂但知生之可貴而以養生為事，不知有生之主；苟知養生之主，則欲自消而心自靜，天下治矣，並引《莊子》《養生主》《馬蹄》《胠篋》為注解。魏源引張爾岐謂在上不多取多事以病其下、在下不敢扞網為奸以累其上，是賢於貴生，末語老氏宗旨而其意深遠。諸家或以治國言、或以理身言，皆以不厚生者反能全生。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "無以生為務者爵祿不干於意，天子不得臣、諸侯不得使。", "thesisTrad": "無以生為務者爵祿不干於意，天子不得臣、諸侯不得使。", "noteIds": [ "c004" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "无以生为务者爵禄不干于意，天子不得臣、诸侯不得使。" }, "wangbi": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "民僻治亂皆由上，上之無以生為即所以治民。", "thesisTrad": "民僻治亂皆由上，上之無以生為即所以治民。", "noteIds": [ "c005" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "民僻治乱皆由上，上之无以生为即所以治民。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "玄悟之士坐忘無相、膻臊榮利，故不以生為生者善能攝貴生。", "thesisTrad": "玄悟之士坐忘無相、膻臊榮利，故不以生為生者善能攝貴生。", "noteIds": [ "c011" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "玄悟之士坐忘无相、膻臊荣利，故不以生为生者善能摄贵生。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "分足則生全，養過其分則生亡；不厚生而生全。", "thesisTrad": "分足則生全，養過其分則生亡；不厚生而生全。", "noteIds": [ "c015", "c019" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "分足则生全，养过其分则生亡；不厚生而生全。" }, "yanzun": { "workType": "輯文", "workTypeTrad": "輯文", "thesis": "自然之道常與物反，無身者生；無以生為可以長生。", "thesisTrad": "自然之道常與物反，無身者生；無以生為可以長生。", "noteIds": [ "c022" ], "workTypeSimp": "辑文", "thesisSimp": "自然之道常与物反，无身者生；无以生为可以长生。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "觀身非有、悟理無生，雖不養生而生自養，是為重生。", "thesisTrad": "觀身非有、悟理無生，雖不養生而生自養，是為重生。", "noteIds": [ "c026" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "观身非有、悟理无生，虽不养生而生自养，是为重生。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "無以其生為生者外其身而身存，故賢於貴其生者遠矣。", "thesisTrad": "無以其生為生者外其身而身存，故賢於貴其生者遠矣。", "noteIds": [ "c027" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "无以其生为生者外其身而身存，故贤于贵其生者远矣。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "聖人不自見以外其身、不自貴以遺其生。", "thesisTrad": "聖人不自見以外其身、不自貴以遺其生。", "noteIds": [ "c028" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "圣人不自见以外其身、不自贵以遗其生。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "貴生之極必至於輕死，惟無以生為而生自全。", "thesisTrad": "貴生之極必至於輕死，惟無以生為而生自全。", "noteIds": [ "c031" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "贵生之极必至于轻死，惟无以生为而生自全。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "至人順其自然、無所容心，外其身而身存。", "thesisTrad": "至人順其自然、無所容心，外其身而身存。", "noteIds": [ "c034" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "至人顺其自然、无所容心，外其身而身存。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "知養生之主則欲自消而心自靜，天下治矣。", "thesisTrad": "知養生之主則欲自消而心自靜，天下治矣。", "noteIds": [ "c036" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "知养生之主则欲自消而心自静，天下治矣。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "在上不多取多事以病其下，是賢於貴生；末語老氏宗旨。", "thesisTrad": "在上不多取多事以病其下，是賢於貴生；末語老氏宗旨。", "noteIds": [ "c037" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "在上不多取多事以病其下，是贤于贵生；末语老氏宗旨。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c004", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公以爵祿不干於意、天子不得臣當無以生為。", "textTrad": "河上公以爵祿不干於意、天子不得臣當無以生為。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公以爵禄不干于意、天子不得臣当无以生为。" }, { "noteId": "c005", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "王弼以「皆由上」結之，謂末句之賢亦自上之無為出。", "textTrad": "王弼以「皆由上」結之，謂末句之賢亦自上之無為出。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "王弼以「皆由上」结之，谓末句之贤亦自上之无为出。" }, { "noteId": "c015", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "御注以分足生全、養過其分則生亡說無以厚其生為。", "textTrad": "御注以分足生全、養過其分則生亡說無以厚其生為。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "御注以分足生全、养过其分则生亡说无以厚其生为。" }, { "noteId": "c019", "relation": "御疏", "relationTrad": "御疏", "text": "御疏申言生有涯、安分則足，不厚生而生全、求厚生而生喪。", "textTrad": "御疏申言生有涯、安分則足，不厚生而生全、求厚生而生喪。", "relationSimp": "御疏", "textSimp": "御疏申言生有涯、安分则足，不厚生而生全、求厚生而生丧。" }, { "noteId": "c022", "relation": "輯文", "relationTrad": "輯文", "text": "嚴遵以自然之道常與物反、無身者生，無以生為可以長生。", "textTrad": "嚴遵以自然之道常與物反、無身者生，無以生為可以長生。", "relationSimp": "辑文", "textSimp": "严遵以自然之道常与物反、无身者生，无以生为可以长生。" }, { "noteId": "c026", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮以觀身非有、悟理無生，雖不養生而生自養為重生。", "textTrad": "李榮以觀身非有、悟理無生，雖不養生而生自養為重生。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣以观身非有、悟理无生，虽不养生而生自养为重生。" }, { "noteId": "c011", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成疏訓賢為善，謂坐忘無相者獨不以生為生。", "textTrad": "成疏訓賢為善，謂坐忘無相者獨不以生為生。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成疏训贤为善，谓坐忘无相者独不以生为生。" }, { "noteId": "c027", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "陸希聲以無以其生為生者外其身而身存。", "textTrad": "陸希聲以無以其生為生者外其身而身存。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "陆希声以无以其生为生者外其身而身存。" }, { "noteId": "c031", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "蘇轍以貴生之極必至於輕死，惟無以生為而生自全。", "textTrad": "蘇轍以貴生之極必至於輕死，惟無以生為而生自全。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "苏辙以贵生之极必至于轻死，惟无以生为而生自全。" }, { "noteId": "c034", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄謂至人非不愛生、順其自然，賢於重用其心以貴生。", "textTrad": "吳澄謂至人非不愛生、順其自然，賢於重用其心以貴生。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄谓至人非不爱生、顺其自然，贤于重用其心以贵生。" }, { "noteId": "c036", "relation": "轉深", "relationTrad": "轉深", "text": "憨山轉入「養生之主」，謂知主則欲消心靜而天下治。", "textTrad": "憨山轉入「養生之主」，謂知主則欲消心靜而天下治。", "relationSimp": "转深", "textSimp": "憨山转入「养生之主」，谓知主则欲消心静而天下治。" }, { "noteId": "c037", "relation": "本義", "relationTrad": "本義", "text": "魏源引張爾岐，謂不多取多事則上下相安，是賢於貴生。", "textTrad": "魏源引張爾岐，謂不多取多事則上下相安，是賢於貴生。", "relationSimp": "本义", "textSimp": "魏源引张尔岐，谓不多取多事则上下相安，是贤于贵生。" } ], "nameSimp": "无以生为，是贤于贵生", "questionSimp": "无以生为何以反胜于贵生？", "introSimp": "此组聚于末句，为全章归趣。河上公以独无以生为务者爵禄不干于意、财利不入于身、天子不得臣、诸侯不得使当之。王弼总注谓皆由上、民从上，末句之贤亦自上之无为出。成玄英训贤为善，谓玄悟之士非灭色空不能坐忘而生无相，故膻臊荣利、厌秽风尘，独不以生为生者为善能摄贵生之人。唐玄宗御注以自然之分足则生全、养过其分则分过而生亡，御疏申言生有涯而安分则足，不厚生而生全、求厚生而生丧。严遵谓自然之道常与物反、无身者生、有身者死，无以人为可以康宁、无以生为可以长生。李荣谓厚养过其分遂致伤生，达至道者观身非有、悟理无生、与虚净而合德，虽不养生而生自养，此所能重生，并训贤为德、贵为重。陆希声谓无以其生为生者外其身而身存，故贤于贵其生者远矣。吕惠卿谓圣人不自见以外其身、不自贵以遗其生，知其无以生为而已矣。苏辙以贵生之极必至于轻死、惟无以生为而生自全矣一语断之。吴澄谓至人非不爱生，顺其自然、无所容心，外其身而身存，贤于重用其心以贵生而反易死。憨山谓但知生之可贵而以养生为事，不知有生之主；苟知养生之主，则欲自消而心自静，天下治矣，并引《庄子》《养生主》《马蹄》《胠箧》为注解。魏源引张尔岐谓在上不多取多事以病其下、在下不敢扞网为奸以累其上，是贤于贵生，末语老氏宗旨而其意深远。诸家或以治国言、或以理身言，皆以不厚生者反能全生。" }, { "id": "shang-xin-ye-li-shen-yi", "name": "「上，心也」——本章的理身一脈", "nameTrad": "「上，心也」——本章的理身一脈", "question": "三句「以其上」之「上」，只是君上，還是亦指一心？", "questionTrad": "三句「以其上」之「上」，只是君上，還是亦指一心？", "intro": "此組不散於一句，專聚於諸家由理國轉入理身之一脈。成玄英《義疏》最為明顯：以飢為內無德，以「上」為心，謂心為五藏百行之主故稱上，以稅為聚斂、以食為滋味，全章皆作理身說讀，且三疏俱以「結前」相承，謂萬境唯在一心。李榮注以「有為撓物、無為正身」並舉，又以「事積則亂心、味多則爽口」言厚生之害，末以觀身非有、悟理無生、與虛淨而合德收之，正與成疏相發。嚴遵輯文謂無身者生、有身者死，無以人為可以康寧、無以生為可以長生，以理身之長生當治國之安民。呂惠卿傳以「不自見以外其身、不自貴以遺其生」結全章，謂聖人之無以生為只是不自貴以遺其生，已從政教轉入心術。求之舊注，河上公末句注但言爵祿不干於意、財利不入於身、天子不得臣、諸侯不得使，已就一身之受養立說；唐玄宗御注以養過其分則分過而生亡當之，御疏更申之曰夫生也有涯、安分則足，不厚生而生全、求厚生而生喪，幾純作理身之誡。二家於經文本義未嘗離治國，然一及財利之入身，一及分過之生亡，俱開成疏之先路。憨山解謂但知生之可貴而以養生為事，不知有生之主；苟知養生之主，則不見有身之可愛、有生之可貴，欲自消而心自靜，天下治矣，並謂當熟讀《莊子》《養生主》《馬蹄》《胠篋》諸篇便是注解，最足見以理身釋此章之極。王弼「民從上」一語本就刑政立說，然「上」既為五藏百行之主，則治國與治身同出一機，此成玄英之所以得即經文而轉其義。本站兩存其說，正文從王弼而於校記存諸本異文。", "introTrad": "此組不散於一句，專聚於諸家由理國轉入理身之一脈。成玄英《義疏》最為明顯：以飢為內無德，以「上」為心，謂心為五藏百行之主故稱上，以稅為聚斂、以食為滋味，全章皆作理身說讀，且三疏俱以「結前」相承，謂萬境唯在一心。李榮注以「有為撓物、無為正身」並舉，又以「事積則亂心、味多則爽口」言厚生之害，末以觀身非有、悟理無生、與虛淨而合德收之，正與成疏相發。嚴遵輯文謂無身者生、有身者死，無以人為可以康寧、無以生為可以長生，以理身之長生當治國之安民。呂惠卿傳以「不自見以外其身、不自貴以遺其生」結全章，謂聖人之無以生為只是不自貴以遺其生，已從政教轉入心術。求之舊注，河上公末句注但言爵祿不干於意、財利不入於身、天子不得臣、諸侯不得使，已就一身之受養立說；唐玄宗御注以養過其分則分過而生亡當之，御疏更申之曰夫生也有涯、安分則足，不厚生而生全、求厚生而生喪，幾純作理身之誡。二家於經文本義未嘗離治國，然一及財利之入身，一及分過之生亡，俱開成疏之先路。憨山解謂但知生之可貴而以養生為事，不知有生之主；苟知養生之主，則不見有身之可愛、有生之可貴，欲自消而心自靜，天下治矣，並謂當熟讀《莊子》《養生主》《馬蹄》《胠篋》諸篇便是注解，最足見以理身釋此章之極。王弼「民從上」一語本就刑政立說，然「上」既為五藏百行之主，則治國與治身同出一機，此成玄英之所以得即經文而轉其義。本站兩存其說，正文從王弼而於校記存諸本異文。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "爵祿不干於意、財利不入於身，獨無以生為務者賢於貴生。", "thesisTrad": "爵祿不干於意、財利不入於身，獨無以生為務者賢於貴生。", "noteIds": [ "c004" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "爵禄不干于意、财利不入于身，独无以生为务者贤于贵生。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "養過其分則分過而生亡；生有涯而安分則足，不厚生而生全。", "thesisTrad": "養過其分則分過而生亡；生有涯而安分則足，不厚生而生全。", "noteIds": [ "c015", "c019" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "养过其分则分过而生亡；生有涯而安分则足，不厚生而生全。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "上，心也；心為五藏百行之主，萬境唯在一心。", "thesisTrad": "上，心也；心為五藏百行之主，萬境唯在一心。", "noteIds": [ "c008", "c009" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "上，心也；心为五藏百行之主，万境唯在一心。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "無為正身、事積亂心，觀身非有而生自養。", "thesisTrad": "無為正身、事積亂心，觀身非有而生自養。", "noteIds": [ "c025", "c026" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "无为正身、事积乱心，观身非有而生自养。" }, "yanzun": { "workType": "輯文", "workTypeTrad": "輯文", "thesis": "無身者生，有身者死；無以生為可以長生。", "thesisTrad": "無身者生，有身者死；無以生為可以長生。", "noteIds": [ "c022" ], "workTypeSimp": "辑文", "thesisSimp": "无身者生，有身者死；无以生为可以长生。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "不自見以外其身，不自貴以遺其生。", "thesisTrad": "不自見以外其身，不自貴以遺其生。", "noteIds": [ "c028" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "不自见以外其身，不自贵以遗其生。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "知養生之主則欲自消而心自靜，天下治矣。", "thesisTrad": "知養生之主則欲自消而心自靜，天下治矣。", "noteIds": [ "c036" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "知养生之主则欲自消而心自静，天下治矣。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c008", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "成玄英以「上，心也」訓經文，全章遂成理身之說。", "textTrad": "成玄英以「上，心也」訓經文，全章遂成理身之說。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "成玄英以「上，心也」训经文，全章遂成理身之说。" }, { "noteId": "c009", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成疏謂心若無為則諸行易治，是知萬境唯在一心。", "textTrad": "成疏謂心若無為則諸行易治，是知萬境唯在一心。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成疏谓心若无为则诸行易治，是知万境唯在一心。" }, { "noteId": "c004", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "河上公以爵祿不干於意、財利不入於身釋無以生為，已就一身言。", "textTrad": "河上公以爵祿不干於意、財利不入於身釋無以生為，已就一身言。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "河上公以爵禄不干于意、财利不入于身释无以生为，已就一身言。" }, { "noteId": "c019", "relation": "御疏", "relationTrad": "御疏", "text": "御疏以生有涯、安分則足，謂不厚生而生全、求厚生而生喪。", "textTrad": "御疏以生有涯、安分則足，謂不厚生而生全、求厚生而生喪。", "relationSimp": "御疏", "textSimp": "御疏以生有涯、安分则足，谓不厚生而生全、求厚生而生丧。" }, { "noteId": "c025", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮以事積亂心、味多爽口言厚生之害。", "textTrad": "李榮以事積亂心、味多爽口言厚生之害。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣以事积乱心、味多爽口言厚生之害。" }, { "noteId": "c026", "relation": "轉進", "relationTrad": "轉進", "text": "李榮以觀身非有、悟理無生、與虛淨合德收全章。", "textTrad": "李榮以觀身非有、悟理無生、與虛淨合德收全章。", "relationSimp": "转进", "textSimp": "李荣以观身非有、悟理无生、与虚净合德收全章。" }, { "noteId": "c022", "relation": "輯文", "relationTrad": "輯文", "text": "嚴遵以無身者生、無以生為可以長生立說。", "textTrad": "嚴遵以無身者生、無以生為可以長生立說。", "relationSimp": "辑文", "textSimp": "严遵以无身者生、无以生为可以长生立说。" }, { "noteId": "c028", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "呂惠卿以不自見、不自貴結章，由政教轉入心術。", "textTrad": "呂惠卿以不自見、不自貴結章，由政教轉入心術。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "吕惠卿以不自见、不自贵结章，由政教转入心术。" }, { "noteId": "c036", "relation": "轉深", "relationTrad": "轉深", "text": "憨山直指養生之主，並引《莊子》數篇為此章注解。", "textTrad": "憨山直指養生之主，並引《莊子》數篇為此章注解。", "relationSimp": "转深", "textSimp": "憨山直指养生之主，并引《庄子》数篇为此章注解。" } ], "nameSimp": "「上，心也」——本章的理身一脉", "questionSimp": "三句「以其上」之「上」，只是君上，还是亦指一心？", "introSimp": "此组不散于一句，专聚于诸家由理国转入理身之一脉。成玄英《义疏》最为明显：以饥为内无德，以「上」为心，谓心为五藏百行之主故称上，以税为聚敛、以食为滋味，全章皆作理身说读，且三疏俱以「结前」相承，谓万境唯在一心。李荣注以「有为挠物、无为正身」并举，又以「事积则乱心、味多则爽口」言厚生之害，末以观身非有、悟理无生、与虚净而合德收之，正与成疏相发。严遵辑文谓无身者生、有身者死，无以人为可以康宁、无以生为可以长生，以理身之长生当治国之安民。吕惠卿传以「不自见以外其身、不自贵以遗其生」结全章，谓圣人之无以生为只是不自贵以遗其生，已从政教转入心术。求之旧注，河上公末句注但言爵禄不干于意、财利不入于身、天子不得臣、诸侯不得使，已就一身之受养立说；唐玄宗御注以养过其分则分过而生亡当之，御疏更申之曰夫生也有涯、安分则足，不厚生而生全、求厚生而生丧，几纯作理身之诫。二家于经文本义未尝离治国，然一及财利之入身，一及分过之生亡，俱开成疏之先路。憨山解谓但知生之可贵而以养生为事，不知有生之主；苟知养生之主，则不见有身之可爱、有生之可贵，欲自消而心自静，天下治矣，并谓当熟读《庄子》《养生主》《马蹄》《胠箧》诸篇便是注解，最足见以理身释此章之极。王弼「民从上」一语本就刑政立说，然「上」既为五藏百行之主，则治国与治身同出一机，此成玄英之所以得即经文而转其义。本站两存其说，正文从王弼而于校记存诸本异文。" } ], "requiredSources": [ "heshanggong", "tangxuanzong" ] }, "schema": "librebook.chapter/1", "generatedAt": "2026-10-30T11:41:46.942Z", "keyPrefix": "laozi-75", "idRules": { "chapter": "章节目录名（slug），如 01；URL 为 /laozi/01/。", "sentence": "章内局部编号 sNNN，全篇引用使用 laozi-01:sNNN；页面锚点继续使用 #sNNN。", "commentary": "章内注号 cNNN，字词注 nNNN，校记 kNNN；编号在章内稳定，跨章引用时加章节前缀。", "paragraph": "章内段落号 pNNN，与 sentence.paragraph 对应。" }, "book": { "id": "laozi", "slug": "laozi", "title": "老子", "titleSimp": "老子", "author": "老聃", "authorSimp": "老聃", "era": "春秋", "eraSimp": "春秋", "editor": "河上公、王弼等", "editorSimp": "河上公、王弼等", "edition": "王弼《老子注》", "editionSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "baseLabel": "王弼《老子注》", "baseLabelSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "separationLabel": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英義疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、嚴遵指歸、李榮注、陸希聲傳、呂惠卿傳、蘇轍老子解、吳澄道德真經注、憨山道德經解、魏源老子本義、俞樾平議、王夫之老子衍十四家", "separationLabelSimp": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英义疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、严遵指归、李荣注、陆希声传、吕惠卿传、苏辙老子解、吴澄道德真经注、憨山道德经解、魏源老子本义、俞樾平议、王夫之老子衍十四家", "intro": "《老子》八十一章，分道經、德經。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》為底本，逐章整理正文、舊注、今譯與校記；第一至八十一章已上線，全帙完竣。", "introSimp": "《老子》八十一章，分道经、德经。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》为底本，逐章整理正文、旧注、今译与校记；第一至八十一章已上线，全帙完竣。" }, "volume": { "id": "dejing", "order": 2, "title": "德經", "titleSimp": "德经" }, "chapter": { "id": "laozi-75", "slug": "75", "order": 75, "title": "第七十五章", "titleSimp": "第七十五章", "status": "published", "revision": "初校", "review": "待复核", "updated": "2026-10-30", "summary": "第七十五章〈貪損章〉四句：民之飢，以其上食稅之多，是以飢；民之難治，以其上之有為，是以難治；民之輕死，以其求生之厚，是以輕死；夫唯無以生為者，是賢於貴生。王夫之《老子衍》公開轉錄本止於第六十六章；俞樾《諸子平議》此章未列，故均不列。全章三句一氣皆責在上：在上者取民太多則民飢，以智術有為御下則民難治，自上厚生之風導民於利則民輕死；末以「無以生為」為歸，謂惟不以奉養其生為務者乃賢於貴生。河上公題「貪損第七十五」，逐句為注四條，以人民飢寒由君上稅食下太多、民皆化上為貪、叛道違德故飢，以民之不可治由君上多欲好有為，以人民輕犯死者由求生活之道太厚、貪利以自危，以獨無以生為務者爵祿不干於意、財利不入於身、天子不得臣、諸侯不得使則賢於貴生。王弼止一條總注，謂民之所以僻、治之所以亂皆由上、不由其下，民從上也。成玄英章義二則、疏四條，章義以前章明眾生為罪既深必招苦報、次此章明所以獲苦報為耽著有為，分全章為三別：一明眾生所以無德為耽染有為，二明眾生所以殘年為資生太甚，三示忘生之美以勖學人；引證以道術相忘、江湖放曠，文景恩流、成康化美、漢曰措刑、楛矢東來、神膠西至、鄉貢八蠶之綿、田收再熟之稻，以明無為之效；其疏全就理身說，以飢為內無德、上為心、心為五藏百行之主、稅為聚斂、食為滋味，謂心緣前境、多貪滋味故壞德，以百行馳騖、心耽有為釋難治，謂心若無為則諸行易治、是知萬境唯在一心，以迷情顛倒、不知物我俱幻、多貪六塵、厚資四大釋生生之厚而輕入死地，以賢為善，謂玄悟之士非滅色空焉能坐忘而生無相，故膻臊榮利、厭穢風塵，獨不以生為生者是善能攝貴生之人。唐玄宗御注四條、御疏四條，御注以君上食用賦稅太多致人飢乏不足，以有為則難理、詐興多，以違分求生大厚，以自然之分足則生全、養過其分則分過而生亡，故無以厚其生為者賢於貴生；御疏申言夫人者國之本、政煩賦重則國本斯弊、弊則危矣，以蠢爾蒼生資君以理、為理之本諒在無為、有為則政煩而人擾、動生大偽，以人輕入死地喪其生皆以違分求生、養生太厚、不顧刑網以徇所求，以夫生也有涯、安分則足、營生於至當之外則惑、不厚生而生全、求厚生而生喪。嚴遵輯文三則，以其民化上有為、情偽難治，以求生太厚之故輕入死地，以自然之道常與物反、無身者生、有身者死、生而趨利者為死之元、無生去利者為生之始、無以人為可以康寧、無以生為可以長生。李榮四條，以百姓飢窮、四民困乏非佗由、稅重賦多，以有為撓物所以難治、無為正身自然易化，以重生之人制浮情於正性、輕死之輩溺邪識於愛流、厚者積也多也、事積則亂心、味多則爽口、縱欲喪身輕之死地，以達至道者觀身非有、悟理無生、與虛淨而合德、雖不養生而生自養，賢德也、貴者重也。陸希聲傳一段，以古者公田籍而不稅、後世什一而稅亦天下之中，今之在上取民太多則民不得不饑；以古之在上無為無欲故民少事各遂其性，今也有為有欲故民多事不得安其生；以民之生有常理不可厚，苟厚其生必過於理，過理生生必得其死；以無以其生為生者外其身而身存，故賢於貴其生者遠矣。呂惠卿傳一段，以一夫之耕足以食數口、織而衣耕而食是謂同德、甘其食美其服安其俗樂其居，歷舉三「非以其上……耶」反復申三句之義；以聖人無事而民自富、無欲而民自樸、無為而民自化、好靜而民自正，則食稅之多而飢、有為而難治、生生之厚而輕死皆無有也；謂生生之厚而至於輕死，以其踶跂好知、爭歸於利而不可止；末以聖人不自見以外其身、不自貴以遺其生結之。蘇轍三條，以上以有為導民、民亦以有為應之故事多而難治，以上以利欲先民、民亦爭厚其生故雖死而求利不厭，以貴生之極必至於輕死、惟無以生為而生自全。吳澄三條，以食謂君所食於民者、稅則民之所出以供上之食者、上多取於民則民飢且貧，以有為以智術御其下、下亦以姦詐欺其上故難治，以轻為易、生生之厚為求生之心太重、賢猶勝、貴生即生生之厚，謂求生之心重、保養太過，將欲不死而適以易死，至人非不愛生、順其自然、無所容心，外其身而身存，賢於重用其心以貴生而反易死。憨山解二段，以此釋上章民不畏死之所以、教治天下者當以淡泊無欲為本，以無君子莫治野人、無野人莫養君子見上下同一命根，以一夫之耕不足以養父母妻子、取之太多則奪民之食以自奉、凡賊盜起於飢寒，以法令茲彰、盜賊多有此民所以愈難治，以民之輕死良由在上求生之厚以致之，以但知生之可貴而以養生為事、不知有生之主，苟知養生之主則不見有身之可愛、有生之可貴，欲自消而心自靜、天下治矣，並引《莊子》《養生主》《馬蹄》《胠篋》諸篇為此章注解。魏源本義一段、校記一條，以此承上章而申言，稅即租也，引王弼「皆由上、不由下」、呂惠卿「無事而民自富」、張爾岐「在上則不多取多事以病其下，在下不敢扞網為奸以累其上」諸說，斷以源案：我自厚其生則人亦各欲厚其生，人各欲厚其生而不得，夫安得不輕死；民之輕棄其生由於生生之厚，而民之厚生由於上之自厚其生，有以誘之而又奪之；末語為老氏宗旨，因言俗弊而遂及之。校記謂傅奕「飢」「治」「死」下各多「者」字、三「以其」下傅奕多「也」字，傅奕作「以其上求生之厚也」，一本無「夫」字，傅奕「生為」下有「貴」字，「是賢於貴生焉」各本無「焉」字、傅奕「焉」作「也」，此二句從《淮南子》。河上公題「貪損第七十五」；成玄英題「人之飢章第七十五」；呂惠卿、蘇轍並題「民之飢章第七十五」；王弼本、陸希聲本無章題；憨山次為七十五章而無章題；吳澄、魏源均以此章為其第六十二章。諸本異文：陸希聲本經文、傳悉作「饑」，餘家作「飢」，二字簡體並作「饥」；呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄作「人之輕死」，成玄英疏、李榮注及河上公注所引亦作「人」；王弼、河上公注、陸希聲、憨山作「以其求生之厚」，呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、成玄英疏、李榮注、魏源作「以其生生之厚」，傅奕作「以其上求生之厚也」；唐玄宗御注作「無以厚其生為」，呂惠卿本經文作「惟無以生為者」；陸希聲、吳澄作「是賢於貴生也」，魏源作「是賢於貴生焉」。正文從王弼通行本，異文見校記。", "summarySimp": "第七十五章〈贪损章〉四句：民之饥，以其上食税之多，是以饥；民之难治，以其上之有为，是以难治；民之轻死，以其求生之厚，是以轻死；夫唯无以生为者，是贤于贵生。王夫之《老子衍》公开转录本止于第六十六章；俞樾《诸子平议》此章未列，故均不列。全章三句一气皆责在上：在上者取民太多则民饥，以智术有为御下则民难治，自上厚生之风导民于利则民轻死；末以「无以生为」为归，谓惟不以奉养其生为务者乃贤于贵生。河上公题「贪损第七十五」，逐句为注四条，以人民饥寒由君上税食下太多、民皆化上为贪、叛道违德故饥，以民之不可治由君上多欲好有为，以人民轻犯死者由求生活之道太厚、贪利以自危，以独无以生为务者爵禄不干于意、财利不入于身、天子不得臣、诸侯不得使则贤于贵生。王弼止一条总注，谓民之所以僻、治之所以乱皆由上、不由其下，民从上也。成玄英章义二则、疏四条，章义以前章明众生为罪既深必招苦报、次此章明所以获苦报为耽着有为，分全章为三别：一明众生所以无德为耽染有为，二明众生所以残年为资生太甚，三示忘生之美以勖学人；引证以道术相忘、江湖放旷，文景恩流、成康化美、汉曰措刑、楛矢东来、神胶西至、乡贡八蚕之绵、田收再熟之稻，以明无为之效；其疏全就理身说，以饥为内无德、上为心、心为五藏百行之主、税为聚敛、食为滋味，谓心缘前境、多贪滋味故坏德，以百行驰骛、心耽有为释难治，谓心若无为则诸行易治、是知万境唯在一心，以迷情颠倒、不知物我俱幻、多贪六尘、厚资四大释生生之厚而轻入死地，以贤为善，谓玄悟之士非灭色空焉能坐忘而生无相，故膻臊荣利、厌秽风尘，独不以生为生者是善能摄贵生之人。唐玄宗御注四条、御疏四条，御注以君上食用赋税太多致人饥乏不足，以有为则难理、诈兴多，以违分求生大厚，以自然之分足则生全、养过其分则分过而生亡，故无以厚其生为者贤于贵生；御疏申言夫人者国之本、政烦赋重则国本斯弊、弊则危矣，以蠢尔苍生资君以理、为理之本谅在无为、有为则政烦而人扰、动生大伪，以人轻入死地丧其生皆以违分求生、养生太厚、不顾刑网以徇所求，以夫生也有涯、安分则足、营生于至当之外则惑、不厚生而生全、求厚生而生丧。严遵辑文三则，以其民化上有为、情伪难治，以求生太厚之故轻入死地，以自然之道常与物反、无身者生、有身者死、生而趋利者为死之元、无生去利者为生之始、无以人为可以康宁、无以生为可以长生。李荣四条，以百姓饥穷、四民困乏非佗由、税重赋多，以有为挠物所以难治、无为正身自然易化，以重生之人制浮情于正性、轻死之辈溺邪识于爱流、厚者积也多也、事积则乱心、味多则爽口、纵欲丧身轻之死地，以达至道者观身非有、悟理无生、与虚净而合德、虽不养生而生自养，贤德也、贵者重也。陆希声传一段，以古者公田籍而不税、后世什一而税亦天下之中，今之在上取民太多则民不得不饥；以古之在上无为无欲故民少事各遂其性，今也有为有欲故民多事不得安其生；以民之生有常理不可厚，苟厚其生必过于理，过理生生必得其死；以无以其生为生者外其身而身存，故贤于贵其生者远矣。吕惠卿传一段，以一夫之耕足以食数口、织而衣耕而食是谓同德、甘其食美其服安其俗乐其居，历举三「非以其上……耶」反复申三句之义；以圣人无事而民自富、无欲而民自朴、无为而民自化、好静而民自正，则食税之多而饥、有为而难治、生生之厚而轻死皆无有也；谓生生之厚而至于轻死，以其踶跂好知、争归于利而不可止；末以圣人不自见以外其身、不自贵以遗其生结之。苏辙三条，以上以有为导民、民亦以有为应之故事多而难治，以上以利欲先民、民亦争厚其生故虽死而求利不厌，以贵生之极必至于轻死、惟无以生为而生自全。吴澄三条，以食谓君所食于民者、税则民之所出以供上之食者、上多取于民则民饥且贫，以有为以智术御其下、下亦以奸诈欺其上故难治，以轻为易、生生之厚为求生之心太重、贤犹胜、贵生即生生之厚，谓求生之心重、保养太过，将欲不死而适以易死，至人非不爱生、顺其自然、无所容心，外其身而身存，贤于重用其心以贵生而反易死。憨山解二段，以此释上章民不畏死之所以、教治天下者当以淡泊无欲为本，以无君子莫治野人、无野人莫养君子见上下同一命根，以一夫之耕不足以养父母妻子、取之太多则夺民之食以自奉、凡贼盗起于饥寒，以法令兹彰、盗贼多有此民所以愈难治，以民之轻死良由在上求生之厚以致之，以但知生之可贵而以养生为事、不知有生之主，苟知养生之主则不见有身之可爱、有生之可贵，欲自消而心自静、天下治矣，并引《庄子》《养生主》《马蹄》《胠箧》诸篇为此章注解。魏源本义一段、校记一条，以此承上章而申言，税即租也，引王弼「皆由上、不由下」、吕惠卿「无事而民自富」、张尔岐「在上则不多取多事以病其下，在下不敢扞网为奸以累其上」诸说，断以源案：我自厚其生则人亦各欲厚其生，人各欲厚其生而不得，夫安得不轻死；民之轻弃其生由于生生之厚，而民之厚生由于上之自厚其生，有以诱之而又夺之；末语为老氏宗旨，因言俗弊而遂及之。校记谓傅奕「饥」「治」「死」下各多「者」字、三「以其」下傅奕多「也」字，傅奕作「以其上求生之厚也」，一本无「夫」字，傅奕「生为」下有「贵」字，「是贤于贵生焉」各本无「焉」字、傅奕「焉」作「也」，此二句从《淮南子》。河上公题「贪损第七十五」；成玄英题「人之饥章第七十五」；吕惠卿、苏辙并题「民之饥章第七十五」；王弼本、陆希声本无章题；憨山次为七十五章而无章题；吴澄、魏源均以此章为其第六十二章。诸本异文：陆希声本经文、传悉作「饥」，余家作「饥」，二字简体并作「饥」；吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄作「人之轻死」，成玄英疏、李荣注及河上公注所引亦作「人」；王弼、河上公注、陆希声、憨山作「以其求生之厚」，吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、成玄英疏、李荣注、魏源作「以其生生之厚」，傅奕作「以其上求生之厚也」；唐玄宗御注作「无以厚其生为」，吕惠卿本经文作「惟无以生为者」；陆希声、吴澄作「是贤于贵生也」，魏源作「是贤于贵生焉」。正文从王弼通行本，异文见校记。", 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