{ "meta": { "book": { "id": "laozi", "title": "老子", "titleSimp": "老子", "author": "老聃", "authorSimp": "老聃", "era": "春秋", "eraSimp": "春秋", "editor": "河上公、王弼等", "editorSimp": "河上公、王弼等", "edition": "王弼《老子注》", "editionSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "slug": "laozi", "baseLabel": "王弼《老子注》", "baseLabelSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "separationLabel": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英義疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、嚴遵指歸、李榮注、陸希聲傳、呂惠卿傳、蘇轍老子解、吳澄道德真經注、憨山道德經解、魏源老子本義、俞樾平議、王夫之老子衍十四家", "separationLabelSimp": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英义疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、严遵指归、李荣注、陆希声传、吕惠卿传、苏辙老子解、吴澄道德真经注、憨山道德经解、魏源老子本义、俞樾平议、王夫之老子衍十四家", "intro": "《老子》八十一章，分道經、德經。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》為底本，逐章整理正文、舊注、今譯與校記；第一至八十一章已上線，全帙完竣。", "introSimp": "《老子》八十一章，分道经、德经。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》为底本，逐章整理正文、旧注、今译与校记；第一至八十一章已上线，全帙完竣。" }, "chapter": { "id": "laozi-76", "no": 76, "part": "德經", "partSimp": "德经", "title": "第七十六章", "titleSimp": "第七十六章", "intro": "《老子》第七十六章，河上公題「戒強第七十六」；成玄英、呂惠卿並題「人之生章第七十六」；蘇轍題「民之生章第七十六」；王弼本、陸希聲本此章無章題；憨山次為七十六章而無章題；吳澄以此章為其第六十三章，魏源亦以此章為其第六十三章。王弼通行本正文五句：人之生也柔弱，其死也堅強；萬物草木之生也柔脆，其死也枯槁；故堅強者死之徒，柔弱者生之徒；是以兵強則不勝，木強則共；強大處下，柔弱處上。全章以一身之死生、草木之榮枯為兩喻，推出「堅強者死之徒，柔弱者生之徒」之斷，再以兵、木二喻結之，末以「強大處下，柔弱處上」定上下之位，故成玄英謂此章明「柔弱之類必獲長生，剛強之徒體歸死滅」。王弼注止存四條而皆在後半：以「強兵以暴於天下者，物之所惡也，故必不得勝」釋兵強不勝，以「物所加也」釋木強則共，以「木之本也」「枝條是也」釋強大處下、柔弱處上；「人之生也柔弱」以下三句闕注，本站不為補造。河上公逐句六條，以人生含和氣抱精神、人死和氣竭精神亡釋柔弱堅強，以和氣存、和氣去釋草木之柔脆枯槁，以「以其上二事觀之」釋生死之徒，以強大之兵輕戰樂殺、毒流怨結、眾弱共一強釋兵強不勝，以木強枝葉共生其上、大木處下小物處上、天道抑強扶弱釋末二句；四部叢刊本此章別有音義三條「強，其兩反，舊其良反」「脆，七歲反」「槁，苦老反」。成玄英標章義，分全章為三別：一雙舉二喻以況剛柔，二合喻辯其勝劣，三法喻並陳重結其義；章義駢文引「調正南昌，注生名而柔弱；酆都北帝，握死籍而強梁」「堅則堅而可銷，潤則潤而無瘼」，歸於「柔弱者長生，虛心者仙矣」；其疏四條，以支節柔弱、骨肉堅強、條柯枯槁訓二喻，以和氣之歸離說生死，以「兵謂三毒六根」、枝條共壓其上說不勝，以九幽之下、三清之上說上下。唐玄宗御注三條、御疏六條，御注以和氣全、和氣散總釋生死之徒，以「見哀者勝，故知恃強者必敗」釋兵強不勝，以木本強大故處下、枝條柔弱故處上釋「共」字；御疏申言柔弱堅強為生死之戒，以氣聚散為榮枯、道存亡為生死分有識與無情，以入死之徒、出生之類結勝劣，以「用兵有言，以慈為主」轉結前義。嚴遵《指歸》德經原卷不帶此章，惟《玄德纂疏》存「嚴曰」三則，以神在身、血氣流行說柔弱，以神去於身、舌縮體伸說堅強，又推「柔弱嬰孩也，堅強少壯也」；其釋兵強謂眾弱四應、共為一強故不勝；釋強大處下謂「神明之道，小不載大，輕不載重」，強人不得為王。李榮五條，以天下莫柔弱於氣、氣莫柔弱於道說人受生必資道氣，以無情有氣說榮枯，以二理各有徒類結之，以「不以德而固，乃恃兵為強」說兵強木強，以生死之欣慼說上下。陸希聲傳一段，謂生則柔弱、死則堅強，人與萬物同歸於此，是以聖人守柔弱、惡堅強，以兵強於眾則諸侯共加其國、木強於幹則枝葉共生其上，結云「木猶如此，況於人乎，況於國乎」。呂惠卿傳一段，以道之為物無形而不爭、故以有形喻之立說，歷言兵強則恃之而驕而敵國所謀、木強則伐，又以天以炁在上地以形在下、臣以有為事上君以無為畜下解「堅強居下，柔弱處上」，歸於柔弱之能勝剛強。蘇轍四條，以沖氣在焉則體無堅強之病、至理在焉則事無堅強之累釋前段，以兵以義勝者非強、強而不義其敗必速釋兵強，以木自拱把以上必伐釋木強，以物之常理精者在上、粗者在下，其精必柔弱、其粗必強大釋末句；其題作「民之生章」，經文「人之生」作「民之生」。吳澄四條，以肌膚柔軟活動、死則冷硬強直說之，以人之德行堅強者不得其死說徒類，以用兵示弱者謀深、恃強者慮淺，歷舉秦兵過周超乘三百敗於殽、齊兵入晉桀石投人敗於鞌為恃強不勝之驗，訓「共」為兩手所圍，以近根合拱之大榦與近末之小枝分上下，末推言矜己凌人者必蹶其貴高而反處人下。憨山解二段，謂此章傷世人之難化、欲在上者當先自化，結句乃本意而上文皆借喻，以老子專以虛心無為不敢為立教之本，兵喻戒懼、木喻心虛，謂戒懼虛心、柔弱翕受者方可處於民上，堅強自用、敢於好為者終無生意；其經文「木強則共」下自注「音拱，兩手合圍也」。魏源本義一段、校記一條，裒集呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、李嘉謨之說而斷以源案，謂老子書將終，故對舉柔弱剛強之得失而下三章皆申之；其校記謂「草木」上王弼、河上有「萬物」二字，「木強則兵」之說從傅奕而自謂本之王弼，與今道藏本王弼作「共」不合。王夫之《老子衍》公開轉錄本止於第六十六章，俞樾《諸子平議》此章未列，故均不列。本站以王弼《老子注》通行本為底本，分列河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英義疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、嚴遵指歸輯文、李榮注、陸希聲傳、呂惠卿傳、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》，並附編者今譯。", "introSimp": "《老子》第七十六章，河上公题「戒强第七十六」；成玄英、吕惠卿并题「人之生章第七十六」；苏辙题「民之生章第七十六」；王弼本、陆希声本此章无章题；憨山次为七十六章而无章题；吴澄以此章为其第六十三章，魏源亦以此章为其第六十三章。王弼通行本正文五句：人之生也柔弱，其死也坚强；万物草木之生也柔脆，其死也枯槁；故坚强者死之徒，柔弱者生之徒；是以兵强则不胜，木强则共；强大处下，柔弱处上。全章以一身之死生、草木之荣枯为两喻，推出「坚强者死之徒，柔弱者生之徒」之断，再以兵、木二喻结之，末以「强大处下，柔弱处上」定上下之位，故成玄英谓此章明「柔弱之类必获长生，刚强之徒体归死灭」。王弼注止存四条而皆在后半：以「强兵以暴于天下者，物之所恶也，故必不得胜」释兵强不胜，以「物所加也」释木强则共，以「木之本也」「枝条是也」释强大处下、柔弱处上；「人之生也柔弱」以下三句阙注，本站不为补造。河上公逐句六条，以人生含和气抱精神、人死和气竭精神亡释柔弱坚强，以和气存、和气去释草木之柔脆枯槁，以「以其上二事观之」释生死之徒，以强大之兵轻战乐杀、毒流怨结、众弱共一强释兵强不胜，以木强枝叶共生其上、大木处下小物处上、天道抑强扶弱释末二句；四部丛刊本此章别有音义三条「强，其两反，旧其良反」「脆，七岁反」「槁，苦老反」。成玄英标章义，分全章为三别：一双举二喻以况刚柔，二合喻辩其胜劣，三法喻并陈重结其义；章义骈文引「调正南昌，注生名而柔弱；酆都北帝，握死籍而强梁」「坚则坚而可销，润则润而无瘼」，归于「柔弱者长生，虚心者仙矣」；其疏四条，以支节柔弱、骨肉坚强、条柯枯槁训二喻，以和气之归离说生死，以「兵谓三毒六根」、枝条共压其上说不胜，以九幽之下、三清之上说上下。唐玄宗御注三条、御疏六条，御注以和气全、和气散总释生死之徒，以「见哀者胜，故知恃强者必败」释兵强不胜，以木本强大故处下、枝条柔弱故处上释「共」字；御疏申言柔弱坚强为生死之戒，以气聚散为荣枯、道存亡为生死分有识与无情，以入死之徒、出生之类结胜劣，以「用兵有言，以慈为主」转结前义。严遵《指归》德经原卷不带此章，惟《玄德纂疏》存「严曰」三则，以神在身、血气流行说柔弱，以神去于身、舌缩体伸说坚强，又推「柔弱婴孩也，坚强少壮也」；其释兵强谓众弱四应、共为一强故不胜；释强大处下谓「神明之道，小不载大，轻不载重」，强人不得为王。李荣五条，以天下莫柔弱于气、气莫柔弱于道说人受生必资道气，以无情有气说荣枯，以二理各有徒类结之，以「不以德而固，乃恃兵为强」说兵强木强，以生死之欣戚说上下。陆希声传一段，谓生则柔弱、死则坚强，人与万物同归于此，是以圣人守柔弱、恶坚强，以兵强于众则诸侯共加其国、木强于干则枝叶共生其上，结云「木犹如此，况于人乎，况于国乎」。吕惠卿传一段，以道之为物无形而不争、故以有形喻之立说，历言兵强则恃之而骄而敌国所谋、木强则伐，又以天以炁在上地以形在下、臣以有为事上君以无为畜下解「坚强居下，柔弱处上」，归于柔弱之能胜刚强。苏辙四条，以冲气在焉则体无坚强之病、至理在焉则事无坚强之累释前段，以兵以义胜者非强、强而不义其败必速释兵强，以木自拱把以上必伐释木强，以物之常理精者在上、粗者在下，其精必柔弱、其粗必强大释末句；其题作「民之生章」，经文「人之生」作「民之生」。吴澄四条，以肌肤柔软活动、死则冷硬强直说之，以人之德行坚强者不得其死说徒类，以用兵示弱者谋深、恃强者虑浅，历举秦兵过周超乘三百败于殽、齐兵入晋桀石投人败于鞌为恃强不胜之验，训「共」为两手所围，以近根合拱之大干与近末之小枝分上下，末推言矜己凌人者必蹶其贵高而反处人下。憨山解二段，谓此章伤世人之难化、欲在上者当先自化，结句乃本意而上文皆借喻，以老子专以虚心无为不敢为立教之本，兵喻戒惧、木喻心虚，谓戒惧虚心、柔弱翕受者方可处于民上，坚强自用、敢于好为者终无生意；其经文「木强则共」下自注「音拱，两手合围也」。魏源本义一段、校记一条，裒集吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、李嘉谟之说而断以源案，谓老子书将终，故对举柔弱刚强之得失而下三章皆申之；其校记谓「草木」上王弼、河上有「万物」二字，「木强则兵」之说从傅奕而自谓本之王弼，与今道藏本王弼作「共」不合。王夫之《老子衍》公开转录本止于第六十六章，俞樾《诸子平议》此章未列，故均不列。本站以王弼《老子注》通行本为底本，分列河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英义疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、严遵指归辑文、李荣注、陆希声传、吕惠卿传、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》，并附编者今译。", "guide": "點擊任一句可展開句注；點擊字詞可看本句訓釋；按「諸家並觀」可將同一句的舊注並列對讀，本章十二家舊注。河上公逐句六條、音義三條；王弼四條，前三句闕注；成玄英章義二則、疏四條；唐玄宗御注三條、御疏六條；嚴遵輯文三條；李榮五條；陸希聲傳一段；呂惠卿傳一段；蘇轍四條；吳澄四條；憨山解二段；魏源本義一段、校記一條。王夫之《老子衍》公開轉錄本止於第六十六章；俞樾此章未列。河上公題「戒強第七十六」；成玄英、呂惠卿並題「人之生章第七十六」；蘇轍題「民之生章第七十六」；王弼本、陸希聲本無章題；憨山次為七十六章而無章題；吳澄、魏源均以此章為其第六十三章。諸本異文：蘇轍本作「民之生也柔弱」；呂惠卿、吳澄、魏源本無「萬物」二字；蘇轍、魏源此句作「柔弱」不作「柔脆」；魏源改「木強則共」為「木強則兵」；呂惠卿末句作「堅強居下」，吳澄作「故堅強處下」；陸希聲經文「強」字多作「彊」。正文從王弼通行本，異文見校記。", "guideSimp": "点击任一句可展开句注；点击字词可看本句训释；按「诸家并观」可将同一句的旧注并列对读，本章十二家旧注。河上公逐句六条、音义三条；王弼四条，前三句阙注；成玄英章义二则、疏四条；唐玄宗御注三条、御疏六条；严遵辑文三条；李荣五条；陆希声传一段；吕惠卿传一段；苏辙四条；吴澄四条；憨山解二段；魏源本义一段、校记一条。王夫之《老子衍》公开转录本止于第六十六章；俞樾此章未列。河上公题「戒强第七十六」；成玄英、吕惠卿并题「人之生章第七十六」；苏辙题「民之生章第七十六」；王弼本、陆希声本无章题；憨山次为七十六章而无章题；吴澄、魏源均以此章为其第六十三章。诸本异文：苏辙本作「民之生也柔弱」；吕惠卿、吴澄、魏源本无「万物」二字；苏辙、魏源此句作「柔弱」不作「柔脆」；魏源改「木强则共」为「木强则兵」；吕惠卿末句作「坚强居下」，吴澄作「故坚强处下」；陆希声经文「强」字多作「彊」。正文从王弼通行本，异文见校记。", "slug": "76", "order": 76, "status": "published", "revision": "初校", "review": "待复核", "updated": "2026-10-30", "summary": "第七十六章〈戒強章〉五句：人之生也柔弱，其死也堅強；萬物草木之生也柔脆，其死也枯槁；故堅強者死之徒，柔弱者生之徒；是以兵強則不勝，木強則共；強大處下，柔弱處上。王夫之《老子衍》公開轉錄本止於第六十六章；俞樾《諸子平議》此章未列，故均不列。全章以一身之死生、草木之榮枯為兩喻，推出「堅強者死之徒，柔弱者生之徒」之斷，再以兵、木二喻結之，末以「強大處下，柔弱處上」定上下之位，成玄英謂此章明「柔弱之類必獲長生，剛強之徒體歸死滅」。河上公題「戒強第七十六」，逐句為注六條，以人生含和氣、抱精神故柔弱，人死和氣竭、精神亡故堅強，以和氣存則柔脆、和氣去則枯槁釋草木之喻，以其上二事觀之知堅強者死、柔弱者生，以強大之兵輕戰樂殺、毒流怨結、眾弱共一強而攻之釋兵強不勝，以木強則枝葉共生其上、大木處下、小物處上、天道抑強扶弱自然之效釋末二句；四部叢刊本此章別有音義三條「強，其兩反，舊其良反」「脆，七歲反」「槁，苦老反」。王弼止存四條而皆在後半，以強兵以暴於天下者物之所惡、故必不得勝釋兵強不勝，以「物所加也」釋木強則共，以「木之本也」「枝條是也」釋強大處下、柔弱處上；「人之生也柔弱」以下三句闕注，本站不為補造。成玄英章義二則、疏四條，章義以前章明剛強之徒體歸死滅、柔弱之類必獲長生故次此章，分全章為三別：一雙舉二喻以況剛柔，二合喻辯其勝劣，三法喻並陳重結其義；駢文引「調正南昌，注生名而柔弱；酆都北帝，握死籍而強梁」，歸於「柔弱者長生，虛心者仙矣」；其疏全就理身說，以支節柔弱、骨肉堅強、條柯枯槁訓二喻，以和氣之歸離說生死，以兵謂三毒六根、枝條椽瓦共壓其上釋不勝，以九幽之下、三清之上分上下。唐玄宗御注三條、御疏六條，御注以生之柔弱和氣全、死之堅強和氣散總釋前段，以「見哀者勝，故知恃強者必敗」釋兵強不勝，以木本強大故處於下、枝條柔弱故處於上釋「共」字；御疏申言柔弱堅強為生死之戒，以無情之氣聚散為榮枯、有識之道存亡為生死，以入死之徒、出生之類結勝劣，引「用兵有言，以慈為主」轉結上章之義。嚴遵《指歸》德經原卷不帶此章，惟《玄德纂疏》卷十九存「嚴曰」三則，以神在身、血氣流行、骨弱筋柔說柔弱，以神去於身、形容枯槁、舌縮體伸說堅強，又推「柔弱嬰孩也，堅強少壯也」；其釋兵強謂親之者死、事之者禍，眾弱四應、共為一強故不勝；釋強大處下謂神明之道小不載大、輕不載重，強人不得為王。李榮五條，以天下莫柔弱於氣、氣莫柔弱於道說人受生必資道氣，以無情有氣說榮枯，以生死二理各有徒類結之，以不以德而固、乃恃兵為強、聚寡為眾、扶弱為強、反共攻之說兵強木強，以生為人所欣、死為物所慼說上下。陸希聲傳一段，謂生則柔弱、死則堅強，人與萬物同歸於此，是以聖人守柔弱、惡堅強，以兵強於眾則諸侯共加其國、木強於幹則枝葉共生其上，故強幹大本常處於下、柔條弱枝常處於上，結云「木猶如此，況於人乎，況於國乎」。呂惠卿傳一段，以道之為物無形而不爭、故以有形喻之立說，謂兵強則恃之而驕、而敵國之所謀，木強則伐、伐之所以共而舉之，又以天以炁在上、地以形在下，炁則柔弱、形則堅強，臣以有為事上、君以無為畜下解「堅強居下，柔弱處上」，歸於柔弱之能勝剛強。蘇轍四條，以沖氣在焉則體無堅強之病、至理在焉則事無堅強之累釋前段，以兵以義勝者非強、強而不義其敗必速釋兵強，以木自拱把以上必伐釋木強，以物之常理精者在上、粗者在下，其精必柔弱、其粗必強大釋末句。吳澄四條，以肌膚柔軟活動可以屈伸、死則冷硬強直不能屈伸說之，以人之德行堅強者不得其死說徒類，以用兵示弱者謀深而工、恃強者慮淺而驕，歷舉秦兵過周超乘三百敗於殽、齊兵入晉桀石投人敗於鞌為恃強不勝之驗，訓「共」為兩手所圍，以近根合拱之大榦、近末之小枝分上下，末推言矜己凌人者必蹶其貴高而反處人下。憨山解二段，謂此章傷世人之難化、欲在上者當先自化而後可以化民，結句乃本意而上文皆借喻，引「此土眾生，其性剛強，難調難化」，謂老子專以虛心無為不敢為立教之本，以兵喻戒懼、木喻心虛，謂戒懼虛心、柔弱翕受者方可處於民上，堅強自用、敢於好為者終無生意。魏源本義一段、校記一條，裒集呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、李嘉謨四家而斷以源案，謂老子書將終，故對舉柔弱剛強之得失，而下三章皆申之；校記謂「草木」上王弼、河上有「萬物」二字，「柔弱」一作「柔脆」，傅奕「兵強」下有「者」字，兩「徒」下傅奕有「也」字，「木強則共」河上作「共」而此從王弼作「兵」，以勝兵為韻，然今道藏本王弼正作「共」。河上公題「戒強第七十六」；成玄英、呂惠卿並題「人之生章第七十六」；蘇轍題「民之生章第七十六」；王弼本、陸希聲本、憨山本無章題；吳澄、魏源均以此章為其第六十三章。諸本異文：蘇轍經文與章題作「民之生」，餘家作「人之生」；呂惠卿、吳澄、魏源無「萬物」二字，《纂疏》本與蘇轍本「草木」下無「之」字；蘇轍、魏源、成玄英疏、唐玄宗御注所引作「柔弱」，王弼、河上公、陸希聲、呂惠卿、吳澄、憨山作「柔脆」；魏源本從傅奕作「木強則兵」，餘家作「共」；呂惠卿作「堅強居下」，吳澄與傅奕本作「故堅強處下」，陸希聲傳「強」字多作「彊」。正文從王弼通行本，異文見校記。", "summarySimp": "第七十六章〈戒强章〉五句：人之生也柔弱，其死也坚强；万物草木之生也柔脆，其死也枯槁；故坚强者死之徒，柔弱者生之徒；是以兵强则不胜，木强则共；强大处下，柔弱处上。王夫之《老子衍》公开转录本止于第六十六章；俞樾《诸子平议》此章未列，故均不列。全章以一身之死生、草木之荣枯为两喻，推出「坚强者死之徒，柔弱者生之徒」之断，再以兵、木二喻结之，末以「强大处下，柔弱处上」定上下之位，成玄英谓此章明「柔弱之类必获长生，刚强之徒体归死灭」。河上公题「戒强第七十六」，逐句为注六条，以人生含和气、抱精神故柔弱，人死和气竭、精神亡故坚强，以和气存则柔脆、和气去则枯槁释草木之喻，以其上二事观之知坚强者死、柔弱者生，以强大之兵轻战乐杀、毒流怨结、众弱共一强而攻之释兵强不胜，以木强则枝叶共生其上、大木处下、小物处上、天道抑强扶弱自然之效释末二句；四部丛刊本此章别有音义三条「强，其两反，旧其良反」「脆，七岁反」「槁，苦老反」。王弼止存四条而皆在后半，以强兵以暴于天下者物之所恶、故必不得胜释兵强不胜，以「物所加也」释木强则共，以「木之本也」「枝条是也」释强大处下、柔弱处上；「人之生也柔弱」以下三句阙注，本站不为补造。成玄英章义二则、疏四条，章义以前章明刚强之徒体归死灭、柔弱之类必获长生故次此章，分全章为三别：一双举二喻以况刚柔，二合喻辩其胜劣，三法喻并陈重结其义；骈文引「调正南昌，注生名而柔弱；酆都北帝，握死籍而强梁」，归于「柔弱者长生，虚心者仙矣」；其疏全就理身说，以支节柔弱、骨肉坚强、条柯枯槁训二喻，以和气之归离说生死，以兵谓三毒六根、枝条椽瓦共压其上释不胜，以九幽之下、三清之上分上下。唐玄宗御注三条、御疏六条，御注以生之柔弱和气全、死之坚强和气散总释前段，以「见哀者胜，故知恃强者必败」释兵强不胜，以木本强大故处于下、枝条柔弱故处于上释「共」字；御疏申言柔弱坚强为生死之戒，以无情之气聚散为荣枯、有识之道存亡为生死，以入死之徒、出生之类结胜劣，引「用兵有言，以慈为主」转结上章之义。严遵《指归》德经原卷不带此章，惟《玄德纂疏》卷十九存「严曰」三则，以神在身、血气流行、骨弱筋柔说柔弱，以神去于身、形容枯槁、舌缩体伸说坚强，又推「柔弱婴孩也，坚强少壮也」；其释兵强谓亲之者死、事之者祸，众弱四应、共为一强故不胜；释强大处下谓神明之道小不载大、轻不载重，强人不得为王。李荣五条，以天下莫柔弱于气、气莫柔弱于道说人受生必资道气，以无情有气说荣枯，以生死二理各有徒类结之，以不以德而固、乃恃兵为强、聚寡为众、扶弱为强、反共攻之说兵强木强，以生为人所欣、死为物所戚说上下。陆希声传一段，谓生则柔弱、死则坚强，人与万物同归于此，是以圣人守柔弱、恶坚强，以兵强于众则诸侯共加其国、木强于干则枝叶共生其上，故强干大本常处于下、柔条弱枝常处于上，结云「木犹如此，况于人乎，况于国乎」。吕惠卿传一段，以道之为物无形而不争、故以有形喻之立说，谓兵强则恃之而骄、而敌国之所谋，木强则伐、伐之所以共而举之，又以天以炁在上、地以形在下，炁则柔弱、形则坚强，臣以有为事上、君以无为畜下解「坚强居下，柔弱处上」，归于柔弱之能胜刚强。苏辙四条，以冲气在焉则体无坚强之病、至理在焉则事无坚强之累释前段，以兵以义胜者非强、强而不义其败必速释兵强，以木自拱把以上必伐释木强，以物之常理精者在上、粗者在下，其精必柔弱、其粗必强大释末句。吴澄四条，以肌肤柔软活动可以屈伸、死则冷硬强直不能屈伸说之，以人之德行坚强者不得其死说徒类，以用兵示弱者谋深而工、恃强者虑浅而骄，历举秦兵过周超乘三百败于殽、齐兵入晋桀石投人败于鞌为恃强不胜之验，训「共」为两手所围，以近根合拱之大干、近末之小枝分上下，末推言矜己凌人者必蹶其贵高而反处人下。憨山解二段，谓此章伤世人之难化、欲在上者当先自化而后可以化民，结句乃本意而上文皆借喻，引「此土众生，其性刚强，难调难化」，谓老子专以虚心无为不敢为立教之本，以兵喻戒惧、木喻心虚，谓戒惧虚心、柔弱翕受者方可处于民上，坚强自用、敢于好为者终无生意。魏源本义一段、校记一条，裒集吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、李嘉谟四家而断以源案，谓老子书将终，故对举柔弱刚强之得失，而下三章皆申之；校记谓「草木」上王弼、河上有「万物」二字，「柔弱」一作「柔脆」，傅奕「兵强」下有「者」字，两「徒」下傅奕有「也」字，「木强则共」河上作「共」而此从王弼作「兵」，以胜兵为韵，然今道藏本王弼正作「共」。河上公题「戒强第七十六」；成玄英、吕惠卿并题「人之生章第七十六」；苏辙题「民之生章第七十六」；王弼本、陆希声本、憨山本无章题；吴澄、魏源均以此章为其第六十三章。诸本异文：苏辙经文与章题作「民之生」，余家作「人之生」；吕惠卿、吴澄、魏源无「万物」二字，《纂疏》本与苏辙本「草木」下无「之」字；苏辙、魏源、成玄英疏、唐玄宗御注所引作「柔弱」，王弼、河上公、陆希声、吕惠卿、吴澄、憨山作「柔脆」；魏源本从傅奕作「木强则兵」，余家作「共」；吕惠卿作「坚强居下」，吴澄与傅奕本作「故坚强处下」，陆希声传「强」字多作「彊」。正文从王弼通行本，异文见校记。", "dataFile": "data/chapters/laozi-76.json", "relationsFile": "data/commentary-relations-laozi-76.json", "url": "/laozi/76/", "volumeId": "dejing", "volumeTitle": "德經", "volumeTitleSimp": "德经", "orderLabel": "第七十六" }, "edition": { "base": "王弼《老子注》", "baseEdition": "王弼《老子注》通行本（德經卷四）", "separation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、嚴遵《道德真經指歸》、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》諸本對校；河上公此章據四部叢刊本、參《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引；王弼此章據道藏本而正文從通行本；成玄英、唐玄宗御注御疏、嚴遵、李榮此章據《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引；陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄據《道藏》本卷四；王夫之《老子衍》公開轉錄本止於第六十六章；俞樾《諸子平議》此章未列", "punctuation": "數字轉錄所附現代標點，本站僅作閱讀輔助，尚未逐字復核原刻", "digital": "中華典藏網、識典古籍、大道家園公開轉錄、Kanripo 漢籍全文資料庫（僅作文字底本）", "caution": "王弼道藏本此章正文作「人之生也柔弱其死也堅強萬物草木之生也柔脆其死也枯槁故堅強者死之徒柔弱者生之徒是以兵強則不勝木強則共強大處下柔弱處上」，前三句闕注，止存「兵強則不勝」以下四條。河上公題「戒強第七十六」；成玄英、呂惠卿題「人之生章第七十六」；蘇轍題「民之生章第七十六」；王弼本、陸希聲本無章題；憨山次為七十六章而無章題；吳澄、魏源均以此章為其第六十三章。諸本異文：蘇轍「人之生」作「民之生」；呂惠卿、吳澄、魏源無「萬物」二字；蘇轍、魏源、成玄英疏「柔脆」作「柔弱」；魏源「木強則共」作「木強則兵」；呂惠卿末句作「堅強居下」；吳澄作「故堅強處下」；陸希聲「強」多作「彊」。正文從王弼通行本，異文見校記。", "baseSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "baseEditionSimp": "王弼《老子注》通行本（德经卷四）", "separationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、严遵《道德真经指归》、李荣《道德真经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》诸本对校；河上公此章据四部丛刊本、参《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引；王弼此章据道藏本而正文从通行本；成玄英、唐玄宗御注御疏、严遵、李荣此章据《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引；陆希声、吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄据《道藏》本卷四；王夫之《老子衍》公开转录本止于第六十六章；俞樾《诸子平议》此章未列", "punctuationSimp": "数字转录所附现代标点，本站仅作阅读辅助，尚未逐字复核原刻", "digitalSimp": "中华典藏网、识典古籍、大道家园公开转录、Kanripo 汉籍全文资料库（仅作文字底本）", "cautionSimp": "王弼道藏本此章正文作「人之生也柔弱其死也坚强万物草木之生也柔脆其死也枯槁故坚强者死之徒柔弱者生之徒是以兵强则不胜木强则共强大处下柔弱处上」，前三句阙注，止存「兵强则不胜」以下四条。河上公题「戒强第七十六」；成玄英、吕惠卿题「人之生章第七十六」；苏辙题「民之生章第七十六」；王弼本、陆希声本无章题；憨山次为七十六章而无章题；吴澄、魏源均以此章为其第六十三章。诸本异文：苏辙「人之生」作「民之生」；吕惠卿、吴澄、魏源无「万物」二字；苏辙、魏源、成玄英疏「柔脆」作「柔弱」；魏源「木强则共」作「木强则兵」；吕惠卿末句作「坚强居下」；吴澄作「故坚强处下」；陆希声「强」多作「彊」。正文从王弼通行本，异文见校记。" }, "license": { "historical": "公有領域", "translation": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "code": "MIT" }, "stats": { "sentences": 5, "commentaries": 47, "charNotes": 11, "collations": 7 } }, "sources": [ { "id": "heshanggong", "name": "河上公章句", "short": "河上公", "author": "河上公", "work": "老子道德經章句", "era": "漢", "years": "傳漢文帝時", "color": "#a3542c", "desc": "分章句解，兼重治身與治國；此章題「戒強第七十六」，逐句為注六條：以人生含和氣抱精神、人死和氣竭精神亡釋柔弱堅強；以和氣存、和氣去釋草木之柔脆枯槁；以上二事觀之知堅強者死、柔弱者生；以強大之兵輕戰樂殺、毒流怨結、眾弱共一強釋兵強不勝；以木強大枝葉共生其上、大木處下小物處上、天道抑強扶弱自然之效釋末二句。四部叢刊本別有音義「強，其兩反，舊其良反」「脆，七歲反」「槁，苦老反」。此章據四部叢刊本，參《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引；注六條。", "count": 6, "nameSimp": "河上公章句", "workSimp": "老子道德经章句", "authorSimp": "河上公", "eraSimp": "汉", "yearsSimp": "传汉文帝时", "descSimp": "分章句解，兼重治身与治国；此章题「戒强第七十六」，逐句为注六条：以人生含和气抱精神、人死和气竭精神亡释柔弱坚强；以和气存、和气去释草木之柔脆枯槁；以上二事观之知坚强者死、柔弱者生；以强大之兵轻战乐杀、毒流怨结、众弱共一强释兵强不胜；以木强大枝叶共生其上、大木处下小物处上、天道抑强扶弱自然之效释末二句。四部丛刊本别有音义「强，其两反，旧其良反」「脆，七岁反」「槁，苦老反」。此章据四部丛刊本，参《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引；注六条。", "shortSimp": "河上公" }, { "id": "wangbi", "name": "王弼老子注", "short": "王弼", "author": "王弼", "work": "老子道德經注", "era": "魏", "years": "226–249", "color": "#4a5a7a", "desc": "以無為本、以崇本息末為宗；此章前段無注，止存四條：強兵以暴於天下者物之所惡，故必不得勝；木強則共者，物所加也；強大處下者木之本，柔弱處上者枝條是也。王弼不釋一身草木之喻，直就兵、木、本末立言，為「共」字與「處上下」之義定後世爭論之樞紐。此章據道藏本，經注相連，今析存注文；注四條。", "count": 4, "nameSimp": "王弼老子注", "workSimp": "老子道德经注", "authorSimp": "王弼", "eraSimp": "魏", "yearsSimp": "226–249", "descSimp": "以无为本、以崇本息末为宗；此章前段无注，止存四条：强兵以暴于天下者物之所恶，故必不得胜；木强则共者，物所加也；强大处下者木之本，柔弱处上者枝条是也。王弼不释一身草木之喻，直就兵、木、本末立言，为「共」字与「处上下」之义定后世争论之枢纽。此章据道藏本，经注相连，今析存注文；注四条。", "shortSimp": "王弼" }, { "id": "chengxuanying", "name": "成玄英疏", "short": "成疏", "author": "成玄英", "work": "老子道德經義疏", "era": "唐", "years": "約 608–669", "color": "#6b7a4a", "desc": "重玄義疏，先標章義次科段疏文；此章題「人之生章第七十六」，明「柔弱之類必獲長生，剛強之徒體歸死滅」，分一章為三別：雙舉二喻以況剛柔、合喻辯其勝劣、法喻並陳重結其義。章義駢文以南昌注生、酆都握死籍對舉，歸於「柔弱者長生，虛心者仙矣」。其疏全就理身說，以和氣歸離釋生死，以兵謂三毒六根、枝條椽瓦共壓其上釋不勝，以九幽之下、三清之上分上下。章義二則、疏四條，據《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引。", "count": 6, "nameSimp": "成玄英疏", "workSimp": "老子道德经义疏", "authorSimp": "成玄英", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "约 608–669", "descSimp": "重玄义疏，先标章义次科段疏文；此章题「人之生章第七十六」，明「柔弱之类必获长生，刚强之徒体归死灭」，分一章为三别：双举二喻以况刚柔、合喻辩其胜劣、法喻并陈重结其义。章义骈文以南昌注生、酆都握死籍对举，归于「柔弱者长生，虚心者仙矣」。其疏全就理身说，以和气归离释生死，以兵谓三毒六根、枝条椽瓦共压其上释不胜，以九幽之下、三清之上分上下。章义二则、疏四条，据《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引。", "shortSimp": "成疏" }, { "id": "tangxuanzong", "name": "唐玄宗御注御疏", "short": "御注", "author": "唐玄宗", "work": "道德真經注疏", "era": "唐", "years": "685–762", "color": "#9a4b3f", "desc": "開元御注並疏，御注三條、御疏六條：御注以生之柔弱和氣全、死之堅強和氣散總釋前段，以見哀者勝知恃強者必敗釋兵強不勝，以木本強大處下、枝條柔弱處上釋「共」字；御疏申言柔弱堅強為生死之戒，以無情氣聚散為榮枯、有識道存亡為生死，以入死之徒、出生之類結勝劣，以用兵有言以慈為主轉結前義。此章據《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引御注御疏。", "count": 9, "nameSimp": "唐玄宗御注御疏", "workSimp": "道德真经注疏", "authorSimp": "唐玄宗", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "685–762", "descSimp": "开元御注并疏，御注三条、御疏六条：御注以生之柔弱和气全、死之坚强和气散总释前段，以见哀者胜知恃强者必败释兵强不胜，以木本强大处下、枝条柔弱处上释「共」字；御疏申言柔弱坚强为生死之戒，以无情气聚散为荣枯、有识道存亡为生死，以入死之徒、出生之类结胜劣，以用兵有言以慈为主转结前义。此章据《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引御注御疏。", "shortSimp": "御注" }, { "id": "yanzun", "name": "嚴遵指歸", "short": "嚴指歸", "author": "嚴遵", "work": "道德真經指歸", "era": "漢", "years": "約前 83–10", "color": "#7a5c3e", "desc": "《指歸》原卷此章早佚，惟《玄德纂疏》卷十九存「嚴曰」三則輯文：以神在身、血氣流行、骨弱筋柔說柔弱，以神去於身、形容枯槁、舌縮體伸說堅強，又以嬰孩、少壯、血氣方剛推之；其說兵強謂親之者死、事之者禍，眾弱四應共為一強故不勝；說強大處下謂神明之道小不載大、輕不載重，強人不得為王。輯文三則。", "count": 3, "nameSimp": "严遵指归", "workSimp": "道德真经指归", "authorSimp": "严遵", "eraSimp": "汉", "yearsSimp": "约前 83–10", "descSimp": "《指归》原卷此章早佚，惟《玄德纂疏》卷十九存「严曰」三则辑文：以神在身、血气流行、骨弱筋柔说柔弱，以神去于身、形容枯槁、舌缩体伸说坚强，又以婴孩、少壮、血气方刚推之；其说兵强谓亲之者死、事之者祸，众弱四应共为一强故不胜；说强大处下谓神明之道小不载大、轻不载重，强人不得为王。辑文三则。", "shortSimp": "严指归" }, { "id": "lirong", "name": "李榮注", "short": "李榮", "author": "李榮", "work": "道德真經注", "era": "唐", "years": "約 600–680", "color": "#5f6f8a", "desc": "唐初重玄家注，此章本集不存，惟《玄德纂疏》卷十九存「榮曰」五條：以天下莫柔弱於氣、氣莫柔弱於道說人受生必資道氣，存則屈伸由己、動靜任神；以無情之物有氣故生、無氣故死說榮枯；以有識無情生死二理各有徒類結之；以不以德而固乃恃兵為強、聚寡為眾扶弱為強反共攻之釋兵強木強；以生為人所欣、死為物所慼釋上下。注五條。", "count": 5, "nameSimp": "李荣注", "workSimp": "道德真经注", "authorSimp": "李荣", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "约 600–680", "descSimp": "唐初重玄家注，此章本集不存，惟《玄德纂疏》卷十九存「荣曰」五条：以天下莫柔弱于气、气莫柔弱于道说人受生必资道气，存则屈伸由己、动静任神；以无情之物有气故生、无气故死说荣枯；以有识无情生死二理各有徒类结之；以不以德而固乃恃兵为强、聚寡为众扶弱为强反共攻之释兵强木强；以生为人所欣、死为物所戚释上下。注五条。", "shortSimp": "李荣" }, { "id": "luxisheng", "name": "陸希聲傳", "short": "陸傳", "author": "陸希聲", "work": "道德經傳", "era": "唐", "years": "？–895", "color": "#8a6f3a", "desc": "唐末傳本，此章無章題，整章為傳一段：謂夫生則柔弱、死則堅強，人與萬物同歸於此，是以聖人守柔弱、惡堅強；以兵強於眾則諸侯共加其國，木強於幹則枝葉共生其上，故強幹大本常處於下、柔條弱枝常處於上，結云「木猶如此，況於人乎，況於國乎」。傳一段。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "陆希声传", "workSimp": "道德经传", "authorSimp": "陆希声", "eraSimp": "唐", "yearsSimp": "？–895", "descSimp": "唐末传本，此章无章题，整章为传一段：谓夫生则柔弱、死则坚强，人与万物同归于此，是以圣人守柔弱、恶坚强；以兵强于众则诸侯共加其国，木强于干则枝叶共生其上，故强干大本常处于下、柔条弱枝常处于上，结云「木犹如此，况于人乎，况于国乎」。传一段。", "shortSimp": "陆传" }, { "id": "lvhuiqing", "name": "呂惠卿傳", "short": "呂傳", "author": "呂惠卿", "work": "道德真經傳", "era": "宋", "years": "1032–1111", "color": "#6a7d5a", "desc": "北宋傳本，題「人之生章第七十六」，整章為傳一段：以道之為物無形而不爭、故以有形喻之立義，謂雖有形者亦以堅強而死、柔弱而生，況體無形之道而不致其柔弱；兵強則恃之而驕而敵國所謀，木強則伐；又以天以炁在上地以形在下、臣以有為事上君以無為畜下解「堅強居下，柔弱處上」，歸於柔弱之能勝剛強。傳一段。", "count": 1, "nameSimp": "吕惠卿传", "workSimp": "道德真经传", "authorSimp": "吕惠卿", "eraSimp": "宋", "yearsSimp": "1032–1111", "descSimp": "北宋传本，题「人之生章第七十六」，整章为传一段：以道之为物无形而不争、故以有形喻之立义，谓虽有形者亦以坚强而死、柔弱而生，况体无形之道而不致其柔弱；兵强则恃之而骄而敌国所谋，木强则伐；又以天以炁在上地以形在下、臣以有为事上君以无为畜下解「坚强居下，柔弱处上」，归于柔弱之能胜刚强。传一段。", "shortSimp": "吕传" }, { "id": "suzhe", "name": "蘇轍老子解", "short": "蘇解", "author": "蘇轍", "work": "老子解", "era": "宋", "years": "1039–1112", "color": "#5d7080", "desc": "宋代蜀本之學，題「民之生章第七十六」，經文「人之生」作「民之生」、「柔脆」作「柔弱」；注四條：沖氣在焉則體無堅強之病，至理在焉則事無堅強之累；兵以義勝者非強，強而不義其敗必速；木自拱把以上必伐；物之常理精者在上、粗者在下，其精必柔弱、其粗必強大。注四條。", "count": 4, "nameSimp": "苏辙老子解", "workSimp": "老子解", "authorSimp": "苏辙", "eraSimp": "宋", "yearsSimp": "1039–1112", "descSimp": "宋代蜀本之学，题「民之生章第七十六」，经文「人之生」作「民之生」、「柔脆」作「柔弱」；注四条：冲气在焉则体无坚强之病，至理在焉则事无坚强之累；兵以义胜者非强，强而不义其败必速；木自拱把以上必伐；物之常理精者在上、粗者在下，其精必柔弱、其粗必强大。注四条。", "shortSimp": "苏解" }, { "id": "wucheng", "name": "吳澄道德真經注", "short": "吳注", "author": "吳澄", "work": "道德真經注", "era": "元", "years": "1249–1333", "color": "#7b5f7a", "desc": "元注改章次，以此章為其第六十三章；經文無「萬物」二字，末句作「故堅強處下」。注四條：以肌膚柔軟活動可以屈伸、死則冷硬強直不能屈伸說之；以人之德行堅強者不得其死說徒類；以用兵示弱者謀深、恃強者慮淺，歷舉秦兵過周超乘三百敗於殽、齊兵入晉桀石投人敗於鞌為恃強不勝之驗，訓「共」為兩手所圍；以近根合拱之大榦與近末之小枝分上下，推言矜己凌人者必蹶其貴高而反處人下。注四條。", "count": 4, "nameSimp": "吴澄道德真经注", "workSimp": "道德真经注", "authorSimp": "吴澄", "eraSimp": "元", "yearsSimp": "1249–1333", "descSimp": "元注改章次，以此章为其第六十三章；经文无「万物」二字，末句作「故坚强处下」。注四条：以肌肤柔软活动可以屈伸、死则冷硬强直不能屈伸说之；以人之德行坚强者不得其死说徒类；以用兵示弱者谋深、恃强者虑浅，历举秦兵过周超乘三百败于殽、齐兵入晋桀石投人败于鞌为恃强不胜之验，训「共」为两手所围；以近根合拱之大干与近末之小枝分上下，推言矜己凌人者必蹶其贵高而反处人下。注四条。", "shortSimp": "吴注" }, { "id": "hanshan", "name": "憨山道德經解", "short": "憨山", "author": "釋德清", "work": "道德經解", "era": "明", "years": "1546–1623", "color": "#8a5f4a", "desc": "明人以禪解《老》，此章次為七十六而無章題，整段作解：謂此章傷世人之難化，欲在上者當先自化而後可以化民，結句乃本意、上文皆借喻；引「此土眾生，其性剛強，難調難化」，謂老子專以虛心無為不敢為立教之本；以兵喻戒懼、木喻心虛，謂戒懼虛心、柔弱翕受者方可處於民上，堅強自用、敢於好為者終無生意。其經文「木強則共」下自注「音拱，兩手合圍也」。解析為二段。", "count": 2, "nameSimp": "憨山道德经解", "workSimp": "道德经解", "authorSimp": "释德清", "eraSimp": "明", "yearsSimp": "1546–1623", "descSimp": "明人以禅解《老》，此章次为七十六而无章题，整段作解：谓此章伤世人之难化，欲在上者当先自化而后可以化民，结句乃本意、上文皆借喻；引「此土众生，其性刚强，难调难化」，谓老子专以虚心无为不敢为立教之本；以兵喻戒惧、木喻心虚，谓戒惧虚心、柔弱翕受者方可处于民上，坚强自用、敢于好为者终无生意。其经文「木强则共」下自注「音拱，两手合围也」。解析为二段。", "shortSimp": "憨山" }, { "id": "weiyuan", "name": "魏源老子本義", "short": "魏源", "author": "魏源", "work": "老子本義", "era": "清", "years": "1794–1857", "color": "#5a6a5a", "desc": "清人以校勘治《老》，以此章為其第六十三章；經文作「草木之生也柔弱」「木強則兵」。本義一段裒集呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、李嘉謨之說而斷以源案：老子書將終，故對舉柔弱剛強之得失，而下三章皆申之。校記一條，謂「草木」上王弼、河上有「萬物」二字，「柔弱」一作「柔脆」，傅奕「兵強」下有「者」字，傅奕兩「徒」下有「也」字，「木強則共」河上作「共」而此從王弼作「兵」以勝兵為韻。本義一段、校記一條。", "count": 2, "nameSimp": "魏源老子本义", "workSimp": "老子本义", "authorSimp": "魏源", "eraSimp": "清", "yearsSimp": "1794–1857", "descSimp": "清人以校勘治《老》，以此章为其第六十三章；经文作「草木之生也柔弱」「木强则兵」。本义一段裒集吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、李嘉谟之说而断以源案：老子书将终，故对举柔弱刚强之得失，而下三章皆申之。校记一条，谓「草木」上王弼、河上有「万物」二字，「柔弱」一作「柔脆」，傅奕「兵强」下有「者」字，傅奕两「徒」下有「也」字，「木强则共」河上作「共」而此从王弼作「兵」以胜兵为韵。本义一段、校记一条。", "shortSimp": "魏源" }, { "id": "translator", "name": "本站今譯", "short": "今譯", "author": "LibreBook 編者", "work": "今譯", "era": "當代", "years": "", "color": "#8a8a8a", "desc": "編者據舊注與上下文所作語體今譯，供閱讀參照。", "count": 5, "nameSimp": "本站今译", "workSimp": "今译", "authorSimp": "LibreBook 编者", "eraSimp": "当代", "yearsSimp": "", "descSimp": "编者据旧注与上下文所作语体今译，供阅读参照。", "shortSimp": "今译" } ], "sentences": [ { "id": "s001", "paragraph": 1, "text": "人之生也柔弱，其死也堅強。", "textSimp": "人之生也柔弱，其死也坚强。", "translation": "人初生时身体柔弱，等到死后便坚硬强直。", "translationTrad": "人初生時身體柔弱，等到死後便堅硬強直。", "noteIds": [ "c001", "c011", "c012", "c013", "c017", "c020", "c029", "c034", "c035", "c036", "c040", "c044", "c046", "c047" ], "noteCount": 14, "charNoteIds": [ "n001", "n002" ], "key": "laozi-76:s001", "n": 1 }, { "id": "s002", "paragraph": 1, "text": "萬物草木之生也柔脆，其死也枯槁。", "textSimp": "万物草木之生也柔脆，其死也枯槁。", "translation": "万物与草木生长时柔软脆嫩，等到死后便干枯槁折。", "translationTrad": "萬物與草木生長時柔軟脆嫩，等到死後便乾枯槁折。", "noteIds": [ "c002", "c011", "c012", "c017", "c021", "c030", "c034", "c035", "c036", "c040", "c044", "c046", "c047" ], "noteCount": 13, "charNoteIds": [ "n003", "n004" ], "key": "laozi-76:s002", "n": 2 }, { "id": "s003", "paragraph": 1, "text": "故堅強者死之徒，柔弱者生之徒。", "textSimp": "故坚强者死之徒，柔弱者生之徒。", "translation": "所以坚硬强直的属于近死的一类，柔软弱小的属于有生的一类。", "translationTrad": "所以堅硬強直的屬於近死的一類，柔軟弱小的屬於有生的一類。", "noteIds": [ "c003", "c011", "c012", "c014", "c017", "c022", "c026", "c031", "c034", "c035", "c036", "c041", "c044", "c046", "c047" ], "noteCount": 15, "charNoteIds": [ "n005", "n006" ], "key": "laozi-76:s003", "n": 3 }, { "id": "s004", "paragraph": 1, "text": "是以兵強則不勝，木強則共。", "textSimp": "是以兵强则不胜，木强则共。", "translation": "因此恃强用兵反而不能取胜，树木坚强就招致斧斤加伐。", "translationTrad": "因此恃強用兵反而不能取勝，樹木堅強就招致斧斤加伐。", "noteIds": [ "c004", "c005", "c007", "c008", "c011", "c012", "c015", "c018", "c019", "c023", "c024", "c027", "c032", "c034", "c035", "c037", "c038", "c042", "c045", "c046", "c047" ], "noteCount": 21, "charNoteIds": [ "n007", "n008", "n009" ], "key": "laozi-76:s004", "n": 4 }, { "id": "s005", "paragraph": 1, "text": "強大處下，柔弱處上。", "textSimp": "强大处下，柔弱处上。", "translation": "强硬的根干处在下方，柔弱的枝条反在上方。", "translationTrad": "強硬的根幹處在下方，柔弱的枝條反在上方。", "noteIds": [ "c006", "c009", "c010", "c011", "c012", "c016", "c025", "c028", "c033", "c034", "c035", "c039", "c043", "c045", "c046", "c047" ], "noteCount": 16, "charNoteIds": [ "n010", "n011" ], "key": "laozi-76:s005", "n": 5 } ], "commentaries": [ { "id": "c001", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "人之生也柔弱……其死也堅強", "kind": "note", "text": "人生含和氣，抱精神，故柔弱也。人死和氣竭，精神亡，故堅強也。", "authorNote": "《纂疏》卷十九所引如此。四部叢刊本作「人生含和氣抱精神，故柔弱也」「人死和氣竭精神亡，欲堅強也」，「欲」字與「故」小異；其下雙行云「強，其兩反，舊其良反」。", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）", "textSimp": "人生含和气，抱精神，故柔弱也。人死和气竭，精神亡，故坚强也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）（《纂疏》卷十九所引如此。四部叢刊本作「人生含和氣抱精神，故柔弱也」「人死和氣竭精神亡，欲堅強也」，「欲」字與「故」小異；其下雙行云「強，其兩反，舊其良反」。）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本，参《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "《纂疏》卷十九所引如此。四部丛刊本作「人生含和气抱精神，故柔弱也」「人死和气竭精神亡，欲坚强也」，「欲」字与「故」小异；其下双行云「强，其两反，旧其良反」。", "lemmaSimp": "人之生也柔弱……其死也坚强" }, { "id": "c002", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "萬物草木之生也柔脆……其死也枯槁", "kind": "note", "text": "萬物草木之生也柔脆，和氣存也。其死也枯槁，和氣去也。", "authorNote": "四部叢刊本經文「柔脆」下雙行音義「脆，七歲反」，「枯槁」下「槁，苦老反」，宋注之存於章句者。", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）", "textSimp": "万物草木之生也柔脆，和气存也。其死也枯槁，和气去也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）（四部叢刊本經文「柔脆」下雙行音義「脆，七歲反」，「枯槁」下「槁，苦老反」，宋注之存於章句者。）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本，参《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "四部丛刊本经文「柔脆」下双行音义「脆，七岁反」，「枯槁」下「槁，苦老反」，宋注之存于章句者。", "lemmaSimp": "万物草木之生也柔脆……其死也枯槁" }, { "id": "c003", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "故堅強者死之徒……柔弱者生之徒", "kind": "note", "text": "以其上二事觀之，知堅強者死，柔弱者生也。", "authorNote": "四部叢刊本作「以其上二事觀知之，知堅強者死，柔弱者生也」，多一「之」字。「上二事」謂人身與草木兩喻。", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）", "textSimp": "以其上二事观之，知坚强者死，柔弱者生也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）（四部叢刊本作「以其上二事觀知之，知堅強者死，柔弱者生也」，多一「之」字。「上二事」謂人身與草木兩喻。）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本，参《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "四部丛刊本作「以其上二事观知之，知坚强者死，柔弱者生也」，多一「之」字。「上二事」谓人身与草木两喻。", "lemmaSimp": "故坚强者死之徒……柔弱者生之徒" }, { "id": "c004", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "是以兵強則不勝", "kind": "note", "text": "強大之兵輕戰樂殺，毒流怨結，眾弱共一強，故不勝也。", "authorNote": "「眾弱共一強」謂眾弱之家共攻一強，四部叢刊本與《纂疏》同。此與七十三章「柔弱者勝」之義相發。", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）", "textSimp": "强大之兵轻战乐杀，毒流怨结，众弱共一强，故不胜也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）（「眾弱共一強」謂眾弱之家共攻一強，四部叢刊本與《纂疏》同。此與七十三章「柔弱者勝」之義相發。）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本，参《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "「众弱共一强」谓众弱之家共攻一强，四部丛刊本与《纂疏》同。此与七十三章「柔弱者胜」之义相发。", "lemmaSimp": "是以兵强则不胜" }, { "id": "c005", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "木強則共", "kind": "note", "text": "木強大，枝葉共生其上也。", "authorNote": "《纂疏》如此。四部叢刊本作「木強大枝弱，共生其上也」，多一「弱」字，與御注「枝條柔弱共生於上」正合，二讀皆可通。", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）", "textSimp": "木强大，枝叶共生其上也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）（《纂疏》如此。四部叢刊本作「木強大枝弱，共生其上也」，多一「弱」字，與御注「枝條柔弱共生於上」正合，二讀皆可通。）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本，参《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "《纂疏》如此。四部丛刊本作「木强大枝弱，共生其上也」，多一「弱」字，与御注「枝条柔弱共生于上」正合，二读皆可通。", "lemmaSimp": "木强则共" }, { "id": "c006", "block": 0, "source": "heshanggong", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "強大處下，柔弱處上", "kind": "note", "text": "興物造功，大木處下，小物處上。天道抑強扶弱，自然之效也。", "authorNote": "「興物造功」四字《纂疏》與四部叢刊本同，舊讀或斷為「興物造，功大木處下」，今從王注以下諸家作「興物造功」為句。", "citation": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）", "textSimp": "兴物造功，大木处下，小物处上。天道抑强扶弱，自然之效也。", "citationFull": "河上公《老子道德經章句》（四部叢刊本，參《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）（「興物造功」四字《纂疏》與四部叢刊本同，舊讀或斷為「興物造，功大木處下」，今從王注以下諸家作「興物造功」為句。）", "citationSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》（四部丛刊本，参《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "「兴物造功」四字《纂疏》与四部丛刊本同，旧读或断为「兴物造，功大木处下」，今从王注以下诸家作「兴物造功」为句。", "lemmaSimp": "强大处下，柔弱处上" }, { "id": "c007", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "是以兵強則不勝", "kind": "note", "text": "強兵以暴於天下者，物之所惡也，故必不得勝。", "authorNote": "道藏本此條上連經文「是以兵強則不勝」，今析出。「物之所惡」與七十三章「物或惡之」同旨。", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》（道藏本）", "textSimp": "强兵以暴于天下者，物之所恶也，故必不得胜。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》（道藏本）（道藏本此條上連經文「是以兵強則不勝」，今析出。「物之所惡」與七十三章「物或惡之」同旨。）", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》（道藏本）", "authorNoteSimp": "道藏本此条上连经文「是以兵强则不胜」，今析出。「物之所恶」与七十三章「物或恶之」同旨。", "lemmaSimp": "是以兵强则不胜" }, { "id": "c008", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "木強則共", "kind": "note", "text": "物所加也。", "authorNote": "王弼止以四字釋「共」：謂木強則物加其上。「加」者，枝葉共加其上歟？抑斧斤加伐歟？二說自此而分，魏源讀為伐，吳澄讀為拱把，說並見校記。", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》（道藏本）", "textSimp": "物所加也。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》（道藏本）（王弼止以四字釋「共」：謂木強則物加其上。「加」者，枝葉共加其上歟？抑斧斤加伐歟？二說自此而分，魏源讀為伐，吳澄讀為拱把，說並見校記。）", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》（道藏本）", "authorNoteSimp": "王弼止以四字释「共」：谓木强则物加其上。「加」者，枝叶共加其上欤？抑斧斤加伐欤？二说自此而分，魏源读为伐，吴澄读为拱把，说并见校记。", "lemmaSimp": "木强则共" }, { "id": "c009", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "強大處下", "kind": "note", "text": "木之本也。", "authorNote": "王弼以此三字指木之根本，謂根本強大而反在下的。", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》（道藏本）", "textSimp": "木之本也。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》（道藏本）（王弼以此三字指木之根本，謂根本強大而反在下的。）", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》（道藏本）", "authorNoteSimp": "王弼以此三字指木之根本，谓根本强大而反在下的。", "lemmaSimp": "强大处下" }, { "id": "c010", "block": 0, "source": "wangbi", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "柔弱處上", "kind": "note", "text": "枝條是也。", "authorNote": "道藏本此章王注止四條，「人之生也柔弱」至「柔弱者生之徒」三句全闕。今存其四，不為補注。", "citation": "王弼《老子道德經注》（道藏本）", "textSimp": "枝条是也。", "citationFull": "王弼《老子道德經注》（道藏本）（道藏本此章王注止四條，「人之生也柔弱」至「柔弱者生之徒」三句全闕。今存其四，不為補注。）", "citationSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》（道藏本）", "authorNoteSimp": "道藏本此章王注止四条，「人之生也柔弱」至「柔弱者生之徒」三句全阙。今存其四，不为补注。", "lemmaSimp": "柔弱处上" }, { "id": "c011", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "章義·科段", "kind": "note", "text": "人之生章，所以次前者，前章明生生之人翻致輕死，忘生之者反獲長生，故次此章，即明柔弱之類必獲長生，剛強之徒體歸死滅。欲料簡勝劣，所以次之。就此一章，義分三別：第一雙舉二喻以況剛柔，第二合喻辯其勝劣，第三法喻並陳重結其義。", "authorNote": "此成玄英章義科段，《纂疏》本以雙行小字括注出之，今析錄。「生生之人翻致輕死」承第七十五章「以其求生之厚」，「忘生之者反獲長生」承「夫唯無以生為者」。", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）", "textSimp": "人之生章，所以次前者，前章明生生之人翻致轻死，忘生之者反获长生，故次此章，即明柔弱之类必获长生，刚强之徒体归死灭。欲料简胜劣，所以次之。就此一章，义分三别：第一双举二喻以况刚柔，第二合喻辩其胜劣，第三法喻并陈重结其义。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）（此成玄英章義科段，《纂疏》本以雙行小字括注出之，今析錄。「生生之人翻致輕死」承第七十五章「以其求生之厚」，「忘生之者反獲長生」承「夫唯無以生為者」。）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "此成玄英章义科段，《纂疏》本以双行小字括注出之，今析录。「生生之人翻致轻死」承第七十五章「以其求生之厚」，「忘生之者反获长生」承「夫唯无以生为者」。", "lemmaSimp": "章义·科段" }, { "id": "c012", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "章義·引證", "kind": "note", "text": "夫調正南昌，注生名而柔弱；酆都北帝，握死籍而強梁。寰宇輕清，長保風雲之潤；地理實厚，唯聞金石之堅。堅則堅而可銷，潤則潤而無瘼。至道制則，常處下流。……木渦泛水，枯葉如風。……死而後悔，誰之過與！未若清恬保真，名利都絕，榮華劇於春夢，富貴比於浮雲，則柔弱者長生，虛心者仙矣。", "authorNote": "此則成玄英章義駢文，《纂疏》原卷字多訛脫，中間「要離」「盜跖」「晉鄙」「季倫」數聯尤難讀，今但錄其首尾可讀者，闕處以省略號標之。「南昌」謂注生之府、「酆都」謂死籍，以道教生死簿對舉剛柔。", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）", "textSimp": "夫调正南昌，注生名而柔弱；酆都北帝，握死籍而强梁。寰宇轻清，长保风云之润；地理实厚，唯闻金石之坚。坚则坚而可销，润则润而无瘼。至道制则，常处下流。……木涡泛水，枯叶如风。……死而后悔，谁之过与！未若清恬保真，名利都绝，荣华剧于春梦，富贵比于浮云，则柔弱者长生，虚心者仙矣。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）（此則成玄英章義駢文，《纂疏》原卷字多訛脫，中間「要離」「盜跖」「晉鄙」「季倫」數聯尤難讀，今但錄其首尾可讀者，闕處以省略號標之。「南昌」謂注生之府、「酆都」謂死籍，以道教生死簿對舉剛柔。）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "此则成玄英章义骈文，《纂疏》原卷字多讹脱，中间「要离」「盗跖」「晋鄙」「季伦」数联尤难读，今但录其首尾可读者，阙处以省略号标之。「南昌」谓注生之府、「酆都」谓死籍，以道教生死簿对举刚柔。", "lemmaSimp": "章义·引证" }, { "id": "c013", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "人之生也柔弱……其死也堅強", "kind": "note", "text": "人之生柔弱，其死堅強；萬物草木之生柔弱，其死枯槁。言人生存有命，則支節柔弱；及其死也，骨肉堅強。草木之類，生時軟脆，及其死也，條柯枯槁。所以生而柔軟者，和氣歸也；死而堅強者，和氣離也。舉此有識無識為喻者，意在勖勵學人，令去剛用柔也。", "authorNote": "成疏所引經文「萬物草木之生柔弱」，與王弼本「柔脆」異，說見校記。「有識無識」猶言有情無情。", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）", "textSimp": "人之生柔弱，其死坚强；万物草木之生柔弱，其死枯槁。言人生存有命，则支节柔弱；及其死也，骨肉坚强。草木之类，生时软脆，及其死也，条柯枯槁。所以生而柔软者，和气归也；死而坚强者，和气离也。举此有识无识为喻者，意在勖励学人，令去刚用柔也。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）（成疏所引經文「萬物草木之生柔弱」，與王弼本「柔脆」異，說見校記。「有識無識」猶言有情無情。）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "成疏所引经文「万物草木之生柔弱」，与王弼本「柔脆」异，说见校记。「有识无识」犹言有情无情。", "lemmaSimp": "人之生也柔弱……其死也坚强" }, { "id": "c014", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "故堅強者死之徒……柔弱者生之徒", "kind": "note", "text": "徒，類也。是知行剛強者乖於和理，故與死為類；行柔弱順於和氣，故與生為徒。此合喻也。", "authorNote": "「行柔弱順於和氣」原卷「柔弱」下疑省「者」字，今仍其舊。「此合喻也」即其科段第二別之結語。", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）", "textSimp": "徒，类也。是知行刚强者乖于和理，故与死为类；行柔弱顺于和气，故与生为徒。此合喻也。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）（「行柔弱順於和氣」原卷「柔弱」下疑省「者」字，今仍其舊。「此合喻也」即其科段第二別之結語。）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "「行柔弱顺于和气」原卷「柔弱」下疑省「者」字，今仍其旧。「此合喻也」即其科段第二别之结语。", "lemmaSimp": "故坚强者死之徒……柔弱者生之徒" }, { "id": "c015", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "是以兵強則不勝，木強則共", "kind": "note", "text": "是以兵強不勝，木強則共。兵謂三毒六根也。言人縱恣六情，強暴前境而貪取無厭者，必遭重殃大禍，故不勝也。譬如樹木粗強，故枝條共壓其上；亦猶梀棟宏壯，故椽瓦壓其上也。", "authorNote": "成玄英全就理身說「兵」，以三毒六根當之，與前章以心為「上」同其路數。「梀棟」之「梀」原卷如此，疑「榱」字之訛。", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）", "textSimp": "是以兵强不胜，木强则共。兵谓三毒六根也。言人纵恣六情，强暴前境而贪取无厌者，必遭重殃大祸，故不胜也。譬如树木粗强，故枝条共压其上；亦犹梀栋宏壮，故椽瓦压其上也。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）（成玄英全就理身說「兵」，以三毒六根當之，與前章以心為「上」同其路數。「梀棟」之「梀」原卷如此，疑「榱」字之訛。）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "成玄英全就理身说「兵」，以三毒六根当之，与前章以心为「上」同其路数。「梀栋」之「梀」原卷如此，疑「榱」字之讹。", "lemmaSimp": "是以兵强则不胜，木强则共" }, { "id": "c016", "block": 0, "source": "chengxuanying", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "強大處下，柔弱處上", "kind": "note", "text": "堅強之木居下，柔弱之條處上。故知堅強之人居九幽之下，柔弱之士處三清之上也。", "authorNote": "九幽、三清出道教天獄之說，以喻剛柔之報，與章義「南昌注生、酆都握死籍」相應。", "citation": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）", "textSimp": "坚强之木居下，柔弱之条处上。故知坚强之人居九幽之下，柔弱之士处三清之上也。", "citationFull": "成玄英《老子道德經義疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）（九幽、三清出道教天獄之說，以喻剛柔之報，與章義「南昌注生、酆都握死籍」相應。）", "citationSimp": "成玄英《老子道德经义疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "九幽、三清出道教天狱之说，以喻刚柔之报，与章义「南昌注生、酆都握死籍」相应。", "lemmaSimp": "强大处下，柔弱处上" }, { "id": "c017", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "人之生也柔弱……柔弱者生之徒", "kind": "note", "text": "人之生也柔弱，其死也堅強。萬物草木生也柔脆，其死也枯槁。故堅強者死之徒，柔弱者生之徒。生之柔弱，和氣全也；死之堅強，和氣散也。欲明守柔弱者全生保年，為強梁者亡身失性。", "authorNote": "此為御注。御注一條兼註前段三句，以「和氣全」「和氣散」總括，與河上公逐句說和氣而異其繁簡。御注所引經文作「萬物草木生也柔脆」，無「之」字。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "人之生也柔弱，其死也坚强。万物草木生也柔脆，其死也枯槁。故坚强者死之徒，柔弱者生之徒。生之柔弱，和气全也；死之坚强，和气散也。欲明守柔弱者全生保年，为强梁者亡身失性。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引御注御疏）（此為御注。御注一條兼註前段三句，以「和氣全」「和氣散」總括，與河上公逐句說和氣而異其繁簡。御注所引經文作「萬物草木生也柔脆」，無「之」字。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注。御注一条兼注前段三句，以「和气全」「和气散」总括，与河上公逐句说和气而异其繁简。御注所引经文作「万物草木生也柔脆」，无「之」字。", "lemmaSimp": "人之生也柔弱……柔弱者生之徒" }, { "id": "c018", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "是以兵強則不勝", "kind": "note", "text": "見哀者勝，故知恃強者必敗也。", "authorNote": "此為御注。「見哀者勝」承第六十九章「哀者勝矣」立說，以慈與哀為兵家之樞。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "见哀者胜，故知恃强者必败也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引御注御疏）（此為御注。「見哀者勝」承第六十九章「哀者勝矣」立說，以慈與哀為兵家之樞。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注。「见哀者胜」承第六十九章「哀者胜矣」立说，以慈与哀为兵家之枢。", "lemmaSimp": "是以兵强则不胜" }, { "id": "c019", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "木強則共", "kind": "note", "text": "木本強大，故處於下；枝條柔弱，共生於上。蓋取柔弱在上，強梁者在下也。", "authorNote": "此為御注。御注讀「共」為「共生」之共，不以「拱把」為訓，與憨山「音拱，兩手合圍也」、吳澄「共，兩手所圍也」異。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "木本强大，故处于下；枝条柔弱，共生于上。盖取柔弱在上，强梁者在下也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引御注御疏）（此為御注。御注讀「共」為「共生」之共，不以「拱把」為訓，與憨山「音拱，兩手合圍也」、吳澄「共，兩手所圍也」異。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御注。御注读「共」为「共生」之共，不以「拱把」为训，与憨山「音拱，两手合围也」、吴澄「共，两手所围也」异。", "lemmaSimp": "木强则共" }, { "id": "c020", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "人之生也柔弱……其死也堅強", "kind": "note", "text": "人之生也，和氣流行，百體以之柔弱；人之死也，和氣離散，四支以之堅強。言此者，示柔弱堅強為生死之戒也。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。「百體」「四支」以身言，與成疏「支節」「骨肉」略同而訓「戒」字為標的。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "人之生也，和气流行，百体以之柔弱；人之死也，和气离散，四支以之坚强。言此者，示柔弱坚强为生死之戒也。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。「百體」「四支」以身言，與成疏「支節」「骨肉」略同而訓「戒」字為標的。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。「百体」「四支」以身言，与成疏「支节」「骨肉」略同而训「戒」字为标的。", "lemmaSimp": "人之生也柔弱……其死也坚强" }, { "id": "c021", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "萬物草木之生也柔脆……其死也枯槁", "kind": "note", "text": "此舉喻也。萬物草木氣聚而生，故枝葉敷榮而柔脆；氣竭而死，則條幹變衰而枯槁。前明有識，此舉無情。無情者以氣聚散為榮枯，有識者以道存亡為生死。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。以有識無情分身、物兩喻，而歸於氣聚氣竭，即御注「和氣全」「和氣散」之申說。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "此举喻也。万物草木气聚而生，故枝叶敷荣而柔脆；气竭而死，则条干变衰而枯槁。前明有识，此举无情。无情者以气聚散为荣枯，有识者以道存亡为生死。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。以有識無情分身、物兩喻，而歸於氣聚氣竭，即御注「和氣全」「和氣散」之申說。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。以有识无情分身、物两喻，而归于气聚气竭，即御注「和气全」「和气散」之申说。", "lemmaSimp": "万物草木之生也柔脆……其死也枯槁" }, { "id": "c022", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "故堅強者死之徒……柔弱者生之徒", "kind": "note", "text": "此結前義也。言草木生則柔脆，死則堅強，則知人為堅強之行者，是入死之徒；為柔弱之行者，是出生之類。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。「入死之徒」「出生之類」對舉，與十章「出生入死」之「出入」相通。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "此结前义也。言草木生则柔脆，死则坚强，则知人为坚强之行者，是入死之徒；为柔弱之行者，是出生之类。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。「入死之徒」「出生之類」對舉，與十章「出生入死」之「出入」相通。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。「入死之徒」「出生之类」对举，与十章「出生入死」之「出入」相通。", "lemmaSimp": "故坚强者死之徒……柔弱者生之徒" }, { "id": "c023", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "是以兵強則不勝", "kind": "note", "text": "此下轉結前義也。用兵有言，以慈為主，故云兵恃強則敗，欲明人恃強則死爾。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。御疏引「用兵有言」即六十九章「用兵有言，吾不敢為主為客」，以見本章與上承兵慈之脈。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "此下转结前义也。用兵有言，以慈为主，故云兵恃强则败，欲明人恃强则死尔。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。御疏引「用兵有言」即六十九章「用兵有言，吾不敢為主為客」，以見本章與上承兵慈之脈。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。御疏引「用兵有言」即六十九章「用兵有言，吾不敢为主为客」，以见本章与上承兵慈之脉。", "lemmaSimp": "是以兵强则不胜" }, { "id": "c024", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "木強則共", "kind": "note", "text": "云木本強大，故處於下；枝條柔弱，共生於上。蓋取其柔弱者處上，強梁者在下，故下文云。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。「故下文云」謂下「強大處下，柔弱處上」二句，御疏以此二句只為木喻之結。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "云木本强大，故处于下；枝条柔弱，共生于上。盖取其柔弱者处上，强梁者在下，故下文云。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。「故下文云」謂下「強大處下，柔弱處上」二句，御疏以此二句只為木喻之結。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。「故下文云」谓下「强大处下，柔弱处上」二句，御疏以此二句只为木喻之结。", "lemmaSimp": "木强则共" }, { "id": "c025", "block": 0, "source": "tangxuanzong", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "強大處下，柔弱處上", "kind": "note", "text": "結上文木根本強大，即枝葉共生其上之義。欲明強梁之人常在柔弱之下爾。", "authorNote": "此為御疏。御疏於末句不別起新義，但回結木喻，與蘇轍「精者在上、粗者在下」另立一理者不同。", "citation": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引御注御疏）", "textSimp": "结上文木根本强大，即枝叶共生其上之义。欲明强梁之人常在柔弱之下尔。", "citationFull": "唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引御注御疏）（此為御疏。御疏於末句不別起新義，但回結木喻，與蘇轍「精者在上、粗者在下」另立一理者不同。）", "citationSimp": "唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引御注御疏）", "authorNoteSimp": "此为御疏。御疏于末句不别起新义，但回结木喻，与苏辙「精者在上、粗者在下」另立一理者不同。", "lemmaSimp": "强大处下，柔弱处上" }, { "id": "c026", "block": 0, "source": "yanzun", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "故堅強者死之徒……柔弱者生之徒", "kind": "note", "text": "人之生也柔弱，為神在身，血氣流行，骨弱筋柔，動止屈伸無不得也。及其死也，神去於身，形容枯槁，舌縮體伸，是堅強也。又曰：柔弱，嬰孩也；堅強，少壯也。血氣方剛，則衰老將至，骨枯筋急，食欲無味，死期不遠，強盛所致。柔弱者則曰以強矣，人之既然，草木亦爾。", "authorNote": "此則《纂疏》作「嚴曰」。《指歸》原卷此章早佚，止賴輯文。「柔弱者則曰以強矣」原卷如此，疑有訛倒，今仍其舊。以神、血氣釋生死，與河上公、成玄英同其理身之說。", "citation": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）", "textSimp": "人之生也柔弱，为神在身，血气流行，骨弱筋柔，动止屈伸无不得也。及其死也，神去于身，形容枯槁，舌缩体伸，是坚强也。又曰：柔弱，婴孩也；坚强，少壮也。血气方刚，则衰老将至，骨枯筋急，食欲无味，死期不远，强盛所致。柔弱者则曰以强矣，人之既然，草木亦尔。", "citationFull": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）（此則《纂疏》作「嚴曰」。《指歸》原卷此章早佚，止賴輯文。「柔弱者則曰以強矣」原卷如此，疑有訛倒，今仍其舊。以神、血氣釋生死，與河上公、成玄英同其理身之說。）", "citationSimp": "严遵《道德真经指归》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "此则《纂疏》作「严曰」。《指归》原卷此章早佚，止赖辑文。「柔弱者则曰以强矣」原卷如此，疑有讹倒，今仍其旧。以神、血气释生死，与河上公、成玄英同其理身之说。", "lemmaSimp": "故坚强者死之徒……柔弱者生之徒" }, { "id": "c027", "block": 0, "source": "yanzun", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "是以兵強則不勝", "kind": "note", "text": "敵四應之。兵以恃強，利人土壤，欲人財貨，夷人宗廟，喪人社稷，以顯其威。親之者死，事之者禍。生為天下病，死為天下利。眾弱四應，共為一強，故不勝也。", "authorNote": "此則《纂疏》作「嚴曰」。原卷語意連屬難定，今但依寫錄加句讀。「眾弱四應，共為一強」與河上公「眾弱共一強」同，知此說為漢唐間《老》注通行之解。", "citation": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）", "textSimp": "敌四应之。兵以恃强，利人土壤，欲人财货，夷人宗庙，丧人社稷，以显其威。亲之者死，事之者祸。生为天下病，死为天下利。众弱四应，共为一强，故不胜也。", "citationFull": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）（此則《纂疏》作「嚴曰」。原卷語意連屬難定，今但依寫錄加句讀。「眾弱四應，共為一強」與河上公「眾弱共一強」同，知此說為漢唐間《老》注通行之解。）", "citationSimp": "严遵《道德真经指归》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "此则《纂疏》作「严曰」。原卷语意连属难定，今但依写录加句读。「众弱四应，共为一强」与河上公「众弱共一强」同，知此说为汉唐间《老》注通行之解。", "lemmaSimp": "是以兵强则不胜" }, { "id": "c028", "block": 0, "source": "yanzun", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "強大處下，柔弱處上", "kind": "note", "text": "神明之道，小不載大，輕不載重。何則？強人為天下憂愁，強木處下，根本枯槁。此自明強人不得為王也。", "authorNote": "此則《纂疏》作「嚴曰」。「小不載大，輕不載重」本《莊子·逍遙遊》「覆杯水於坳堂之上」之義，以說位之上下。", "citation": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）", "textSimp": "神明之道，小不载大，轻不载重。何则？强人为天下忧愁，强木处下，根本枯槁。此自明强人不得为王也。", "citationFull": "嚴遵《道德真經指歸》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）（此則《纂疏》作「嚴曰」。「小不載大，輕不載重」本《莊子·逍遙遊》「覆杯水於坳堂之上」之義，以說位之上下。）", "citationSimp": "严遵《道德真经指归》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "此则《纂疏》作「严曰」。「小不载大，轻不载重」本《庄子·逍遥游》「复杯水于坳堂之上」之义，以说位之上下。", "lemmaSimp": "强大处下，柔弱处上" }, { "id": "c029", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s001" }, "lemma": "人之生也柔弱……其死也堅強", "kind": "note", "text": "天下莫柔弱於氣，氣莫柔弱於道。是以人受生，必資道氣。存則屈伸由己，道在則動靜任神。順心無逆，從事摩違，故言柔弱。不能保氣，氣竭則身亡；未解怡神，神逝則命殞。命殞則身亡，不能轉動，故曰堅強也。", "authorNote": "《纂疏》作「榮曰」。李榮《道德真經注》本集卷四末注「後文元闕」，此章不存，止賴《纂疏》所引。「天下莫柔弱於氣」翻用七十八章「天下莫柔弱於水」之句式。", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）", "textSimp": "天下莫柔弱于气，气莫柔弱于道。是以人受生，必资道气。存则屈伸由己，道在则动静任神。顺心无逆，从事摩违，故言柔弱。不能保气，气竭则身亡；未解怡神，神逝则命殒。命殒则身亡，不能转动，故曰坚强也。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）（《纂疏》作「榮曰」。李榮《道德真經注》本集卷四末注「後文元闕」，此章不存，止賴《纂疏》所引。「天下莫柔弱於氣」翻用七十八章「天下莫柔弱於水」之句式。）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "《纂疏》作「荣曰」。李荣《道德真经注》本集卷四末注「后文元阙」，此章不存，止赖《纂疏》所引。「天下莫柔弱于气」翻用七十八章「天下莫柔弱于水」之句式。", "lemmaSimp": "人之生也柔弱……其死也坚强" }, { "id": "c030", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s002", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "萬物草木之生也柔脆……其死也枯槁", "kind": "note", "text": "無情之物，有氣故生，無氣故死。是知有識之類，得道於焉柔弱，失道所以堅強也。", "authorNote": "以「氣」說無情、以「道」說有識，與御疏「無情者以氣聚散為榮枯，有識者以道存亡為生死」同一分疏。", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）", "textSimp": "无情之物，有气故生，无气故死。是知有识之类，得道于焉柔弱，失道所以坚强也。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）（以「氣」說無情、以「道」說有識，與御疏「無情者以氣聚散為榮枯，有識者以道存亡為生死」同一分疏。）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "以「气」说无情、以「道」说有识，与御疏「无情者以气聚散为荣枯，有识者以道存亡为生死」同一分疏。", "lemmaSimp": "万物草木之生也柔脆……其死也枯槁" }, { "id": "c031", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "故堅強者死之徒……柔弱者生之徒", "kind": "note", "text": "結上有識無情生死二理，各有徒類。", "authorNote": "李榮此條止一句，專就科段言之，與御疏「此結前義也」同其位。", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）", "textSimp": "结上有识无情生死二理，各有徒类。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）（李榮此條止一句，專就科段言之，與御疏「此結前義也」同其位。）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "李荣此条止一句，专就科段言之，与御疏「此结前义也」同其位。", "lemmaSimp": "故坚强者死之徒……柔弱者生之徒" }, { "id": "c032", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "是以兵強則不勝，木強則共", "kind": "note", "text": "是以兵強則不勝，木強則共。不以德而固，乃恃兵為強。兵強暴於天下，好殺，物之所惡，聚寡為眾，扶弱為強，反共攻之，則有不勝。是以木之強也，枝葉共生其上；柱之強也，梁棟鎮之於下。以斯曉喻，欲令務修德以柔弱，不飾兵以堅強。", "authorNote": "「聚寡為眾，扶弱為強，反共攻之」即河上公「眾弱共一強」之申說。其讀「共」為「共生」「共攻」之共，與御注同，不作「拱把」。", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）", "textSimp": "是以兵强则不胜，木强则共。不以德而固，乃恃兵为强。兵强暴于天下，好杀，物之所恶，聚寡为众，扶弱为强，反共攻之，则有不胜。是以木之强也，枝叶共生其上；柱之强也，梁栋镇之于下。以斯晓喻，欲令务修德以柔弱，不饰兵以坚强。", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）（「聚寡為眾，扶弱為強，反共攻之」即河上公「眾弱共一強」之申說。其讀「共」為「共生」「共攻」之共，與御注同，不作「拱把」。）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "「聚寡为众，扶弱为强，反共攻之」即河上公「众弱共一强」之申说。其读「共」为「共生」「共攻」之共，与御注同，不作「拱把」。", "lemmaSimp": "是以兵强则不胜，木强则共" }, { "id": "c033", "block": 0, "source": "lirong", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "強大處下，柔弱處上", "kind": "note", "text": "生者，人之所欣，柔弱者生之徒，豈非上耶？死者，物之所慼，堅強者死之徒，寧非下耶？", "authorNote": "以欣、慼二情釋上、下二字，全就理身立說，不及君臣之位，與呂惠卿「臣以有為事上」異趣。", "citation": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）", "textSimp": "生者，人之所欣，柔弱者生之徒，岂非上耶？死者，物之所戚，坚强者死之徒，宁非下耶？", "citationFull": "李榮《道德真經注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）（以欣、慼二情釋上、下二字，全就理身立說，不及君臣之位，與呂惠卿「臣以有為事上」異趣。）", "citationSimp": "李荣《道德真经注》（《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引）", "authorNoteSimp": "以欣、戚二情释上、下二字，全就理身立说，不及君臣之位，与吕惠卿「臣以有为事上」异趣。", "lemmaSimp": "强大处下，柔弱处上" }, { "id": "c034", "block": 0, "source": "luxisheng", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "全章", "kind": "note", "text": "夫生則柔弱，死則堅強，人與萬物同歸於此。是以聖人守柔弱，惡堅強。故兵強於眾則諸侯共加其國矣，木強於幹則枝葉共生其上矣。故強幹大本常處於下，柔條弱枝常處於上。木猶如此，況於人乎，況於國乎。", "authorNote": "陸希聲本此章無章題，經文與傳「強」字多作「彊」，今一律寫定。其以「諸侯共加其國」當「兵強則不勝」，正用王弼「物所加也」之義而推及國事。", "citation": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本卷四）", "textSimp": "夫生则柔弱，死则坚强，人与万物同归于此。是以圣人守柔弱，恶坚强。故兵强于众则诸侯共加其国矣，木强于干则枝叶共生其上矣。故强干大本常处于下，柔条弱枝常处于上。木犹如此，况于人乎，况于国乎。", "citationFull": "陸希聲《道德經傳》（《道藏》本卷四）（陸希聲本此章無章題，經文與傳「強」字多作「彊」，今一律寫定。其以「諸侯共加其國」當「兵強則不勝」，正用王弼「物所加也」之義而推及國事。）", "citationSimp": "陆希声《道德经传》（《道藏》本卷四）", "authorNoteSimp": "陆希声本此章无章题，经文与传「强」字多作「彊」，今一律写定。其以「诸侯共加其国」当「兵强则不胜」，正用王弼「物所加也」之义而推及国事。", "lemmaSimp": "全章" }, { "id": "c035", "block": 0, "source": "lvhuiqing", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "全章", "kind": "note", "text": "道之為物，無形而不爭，則天下之至柔弱，而人莫之喻也，故以有形喻之。人之生也柔弱，其死也堅強；草木之生也柔脆，其死也枯槁。則雖有形者亦以堅強而死、柔弱而生，而況體無形之道而不致其柔弱，其可得乎？是以兵強則恃之而驕，而敵國之所謀也；我驕而敵謀，則所以不勝也。木強則伐，伐之所以共而舉之也。非徒然也，而以位言之，則天以炁在上，地以形在下；炁則柔弱，形則堅強。臣以有為事上，君以無為畜下；有為則堅強，無為則柔弱。堅強居下，柔弱處上，物之理也。然則柔弱之能勝剛強可知矣。", "authorNote": "呂惠卿題「人之生章第七十六」，經文無「萬物」二字、末句作「堅強居下」。「炁」從原卷，即「氣」之異體。其以天地、君臣、形炁說上下，為諸家最廓充之讀法。", "citation": "呂惠卿《道德真經傳》（《道藏》本卷四）", "textSimp": "道之为物，无形而不争，则天下之至柔弱，而人莫之喻也，故以有形喻之。人之生也柔弱，其死也坚强；草木之生也柔脆，其死也枯槁。则虽有形者亦以坚强而死、柔弱而生，而况体无形之道而不致其柔弱，其可得乎？是以兵强则恃之而骄，而敌国之所谋也；我骄而敌谋，则所以不胜也。木强则伐，伐之所以共而举之也。非徒然也，而以位言之，则天以炁在上，地以形在下；炁则柔弱，形则坚强。臣以有为事上，君以无为畜下；有为则坚强，无为则柔弱。坚强居下，柔弱处上，物之理也。然则柔弱之能胜刚强可知矣。", "citationFull": "呂惠卿《道德真經傳》（《道藏》本卷四）（呂惠卿題「人之生章第七十六」，經文無「萬物」二字、末句作「堅強居下」。「炁」從原卷，即「氣」之異體。其以天地、君臣、形炁說上下，為諸家最廓充之讀法。）", "citationSimp": "吕惠卿《道德真经传》（《道藏》本卷四）", "authorNoteSimp": "吕惠卿题「人之生章第七十六」，经文无「万物」二字、末句作「坚强居下」。「炁」从原卷，即「气」之异体。其以天地、君臣、形炁说上下，为诸家最廓充之读法。", "lemmaSimp": "全章" }, { "id": "c036", "block": 0, "source": "suzhe", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "人之生也柔弱……柔弱者生之徒", "kind": "note", "text": "沖氣在焉，則體無堅強之病；至理在焉，則事無堅強之累。", "authorNote": "蘇轍題「民之生章第七十六」，經文「人之生」作「民之生」、「柔脆」作「柔弱」。此條總註前段三句，以沖氣、至理對舉，即四十二章「沖氣以為和」之義。", "citation": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本卷四）", "textSimp": "冲气在焉，则体无坚强之病；至理在焉，则事无坚强之累。", "citationFull": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本卷四）（蘇轍題「民之生章第七十六」，經文「人之生」作「民之生」、「柔脆」作「柔弱」。此條總註前段三句，以沖氣、至理對舉，即四十二章「沖氣以為和」之義。）", "citationSimp": "苏辙《老子解》（《道藏》本卷四）", "authorNoteSimp": "苏辙题「民之生章第七十六」，经文「人之生」作「民之生」、「柔脆」作「柔弱」。此条总注前段三句，以冲气、至理对举，即四十二章「冲气以为和」之义。", "lemmaSimp": "人之生也柔弱……柔弱者生之徒" }, { "id": "c037", "block": 0, "source": "suzhe", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "是以兵強則不勝", "kind": "note", "text": "兵以義勝者，非強也；強而不義，其敗必速。", "authorNote": "以「義」釋不勝之由，與御注「見哀者勝」同指慈與義，不入三毒六根之說。", "citation": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本卷四）", "textSimp": "兵以义胜者，非强也；强而不义，其败必速。", "citationFull": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本卷四）（以「義」釋不勝之由，與御注「見哀者勝」同指慈與義，不入三毒六根之說。）", "citationSimp": "苏辙《老子解》（《道藏》本卷四）", "authorNoteSimp": "以「义」释不胜之由，与御注「见哀者胜」同指慈与义，不入三毒六根之说。", "lemmaSimp": "是以兵强则不胜" }, { "id": "c038", "block": 0, "source": "suzhe", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "木強則共", "kind": "note", "text": "木自拱把以上，必伐矣。", "authorNote": "蘇轍讀「共」為「拱」，故云「拱把」，即兩手合圍之大小。此與憨山「音拱，兩手合圍也」、吳澄「共，兩手所圍也」同一讀法，而與御注、李榮「共生其上」異。", "citation": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本卷四）", "textSimp": "木自拱把以上，必伐矣。", "citationFull": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本卷四）（蘇轍讀「共」為「拱」，故云「拱把」，即兩手合圍之大小。此與憨山「音拱，兩手合圍也」、吳澄「共，兩手所圍也」同一讀法，而與御注、李榮「共生其上」異。）", "citationSimp": "苏辙《老子解》（《道藏》本卷四）", "authorNoteSimp": "苏辙读「共」为「拱」，故云「拱把」，即两手合围之大小。此与憨山「音拱，两手合围也」、吴澄「共，两手所围也」同一读法，而与御注、李荣「共生其上」异。", "lemmaSimp": "木强则共" }, { "id": "c039", "block": 0, "source": "suzhe", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "強大處下，柔弱處上", "kind": "note", "text": "物之常理，精者在上，粗者在下；其精必柔弱，其粗必強大。", "authorNote": "以精粗釋上下，別樹一義：不取根本枝條之位，而取質之精粗。吳澄「矜己凌人者必蹶」即推此理及人事。", "citation": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本卷四）", "textSimp": "物之常理，精者在上，粗者在下；其精必柔弱，其粗必强大。", "citationFull": "蘇轍《老子解》（《道藏》本卷四）（以精粗釋上下，別樹一義：不取根本枝條之位，而取質之精粗。吳澄「矜己凌人者必蹶」即推此理及人事。）", "citationSimp": "苏辙《老子解》（《道藏》本卷四）", "authorNoteSimp": "以精粗释上下，别树一义：不取根本枝条之位，而取质之精粗。吴澄「矜己凌人者必蹶」即推此理及人事。", "lemmaSimp": "强大处下，柔弱处上" }, { "id": "c040", "block": 0, "source": "wucheng", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s002" }, "lemma": "人之生也柔弱……其死也枯槁", "kind": "note", "text": "人生則肌膚柔軟而活動，可以屈伸；死則冷硬而強直，不能屈伸。草木生則枝莖軟脆，死則枯槁堅硬。因言人而並及於草木。", "authorNote": "吳澄以此章為其第六十三章；經文無「萬物」二字。其釋全就形骸上說，不加理身之喻，最質實。", "citation": "吳澄《道德真經注》（《道藏》本卷四）", "textSimp": "人生则肌肤柔软而活动，可以屈伸；死则冷硬而强直，不能屈伸。草木生则枝茎软脆，死则枯槁坚硬。因言人而并及于草木。", "citationFull": "吳澄《道德真經注》（《道藏》本卷四）（吳澄以此章為其第六十三章；經文無「萬物」二字。其釋全就形骸上說，不加理身之喻，最質實。）", "citationSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》（《道藏》本卷四）", "authorNoteSimp": "吴澄以此章为其第六十三章；经文无「万物」二字。其释全就形骸上说，不加理身之喻，最质实。", "lemmaSimp": "人之生也柔弱……其死也枯槁" }, { "id": "c041", "block": 0, "source": "wucheng", "target": { "start": "s003", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "故堅強者死之徒……柔弱者生之徒", "kind": "note", "text": "上文言人與草木生柔而死堅，推此物理，則知人之德行凡堅強者不得其死，是死之徒也；柔弱者善保其生，是生之徒也。", "authorNote": "以「德行」當堅強柔弱，是吳澄通例：每就物理推到人德，別不設喻。", "citation": "吳澄《道德真經注》（《道藏》本卷四）", "textSimp": "上文言人与草木生柔而死坚，推此物理，则知人之德行凡坚强者不得其死，是死之徒也；柔弱者善保其生，是生之徒也。", "citationFull": "吳澄《道德真經注》（《道藏》本卷四）（以「德行」當堅強柔弱，是吳澄通例：每就物理推到人德，別不設喻。）", "citationSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》（《道藏》本卷四）", "authorNoteSimp": "以「德行」当坚强柔弱，是吴澄通例：每就物理推到人德，别不设喻。", "lemmaSimp": "故坚强者死之徒……柔弱者生之徒" }, { "id": "c042", "block": 0, "source": "wucheng", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s004" }, "lemma": "是以兵強則不勝，木強則共", "kind": "note", "text": "用兵示弱者謀深而工，敵輕而玩之，故勝；恃強者慮淺而驕，敵懼而備之，故不勝。兵法始如處女，敵人開戶，示之弱也；後如脫兔，敵不及距，則能勝之矣。秦兵過周超乘三百，竟敗於殽；齊兵入晉桀石投人，竟敗於鞌。此恃強不勝之驗也。共，兩手所圍也。木之弱而搖動者，為近末之小枝；強而不搖動者，則為近根合拱之大榦也。因言兵而並及於木。", "authorNote": "「始如處女」「後如脫兔」出《孫子·九地》；「超乘」出《左傳·僖公三十三年》秦師過周北門事，「桀石投人」出《左傳·成公二年》齊晉鞌之戰。吳澄引兵事證經，為諸家所無。", "citation": "吳澄《道德真經注》（《道藏》本卷四）", "textSimp": "用兵示弱者谋深而工，敌轻而玩之，故胜；恃强者虑浅而骄，敌惧而备之，故不胜。兵法始如处女，敌人开户，示之弱也；后如脱兔，敌不及距，则能胜之矣。秦兵过周超乘三百，竟败于殽；齐兵入晋桀石投人，竟败于鞌。此恃强不胜之验也。共，两手所围也。木之弱而摇动者，为近末之小枝；强而不摇动者，则为近根合拱之大干也。因言兵而并及于木。", "citationFull": "吳澄《道德真經注》（《道藏》本卷四）（「始如處女」「後如脫兔」出《孫子·九地》；「超乘」出《左傳·僖公三十三年》秦師過周北門事，「桀石投人」出《左傳·成公二年》齊晉鞌之戰。吳澄引兵事證經，為諸家所無。）", "citationSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》（《道藏》本卷四）", "authorNoteSimp": "「始如处女」「后如脱兔」出《孙子·九地》；「超乘」出《左传·僖公三十三年》秦师过周北门事，「桀石投人」出《左传·成公二年》齐晋鞌之战。吴澄引兵事证经，为诸家所无。", "lemmaSimp": "是以兵强则不胜，木强则共" }, { "id": "c043", "block": 0, "source": "wucheng", "target": { "start": "s005", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "強大處下，柔弱處上", "kind": "note", "text": "上文言兵強者為人所勝，是處下也，不能如勝人者之處上；木強者近根之榦，是處下也，不得如小枝之處上。推此物理，則知人之德行凡堅強者矜己凌人，必蹶其貴高而反處人下矣；柔弱者為眾所尊戴，而得處人上矣。", "authorNote": "吳澄經文此句作「故堅強處下，柔弱處上」，多一「故」字而以「堅強」代「強大」。末語與七十二章「夫唯不爭，故天下莫能與之爭」同旨。", "citation": "吳澄《道德真經注》（《道藏》本卷四）", "textSimp": "上文言兵强者为人所胜，是处下也，不能如胜人者之处上；木强者近根之干，是处下也，不得如小枝之处上。推此物理，则知人之德行凡坚强者矜己凌人，必蹶其贵高而反处人下矣；柔弱者为众所尊戴，而得处人上矣。", "citationFull": "吳澄《道德真經注》（《道藏》本卷四）（吳澄經文此句作「故堅強處下，柔弱處上」，多一「故」字而以「堅強」代「強大」。末語與七十二章「夫唯不爭，故天下莫能與之爭」同旨。）", "citationSimp": "吴澄《道德真经注》（《道藏》本卷四）", "authorNoteSimp": "吴澄经文此句作「故坚强处下，柔弱处上」，多一「故」字而以「坚强」代「强大」。末语与七十二章「夫唯不争，故天下莫能与之争」同旨。", "lemmaSimp": "强大处下，柔弱处上" }, { "id": "c044", "block": 0, "source": "hanshan", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s003" }, "lemma": "人之生也柔弱……柔弱者生之徒", "kind": "note", "text": "此章傷世人之難化，欲在上者當先自化，而後可以化民也。結句乃本意，上文皆借喻以明之耳。經曰，此土眾生，其性剛強，難調難化。故老子專以虛心無為不敢，為立教之本。全篇上下，專尚柔弱而斥剛強。故此云，堅強者死之徒，柔弱者生之徒，乃借人物草木為喻。", "authorNote": "憨山以此章整段作解，今依經文析為二段。「經曰此土眾生其性剛強難調難化」引《法華經·方便品》。「虛心無為不敢」兼用六十九章「不敢為天下先」。轉錄本作簡體，今轉為繁體。", "citation": "釋德清《道德經解》（公開轉錄本）", "textSimp": "此章伤世人之难化，欲在上者当先自化，而后可以化民也。结句乃本意，上文皆借喻以明之耳。经曰，此土众生，其性刚强，难调难化。故老子专以虚心无为不敢，为立教之本。全篇上下，专尚柔弱而斥刚强。故此云，坚强者死之徒，柔弱者生之徒，乃借人物草木为喻。", "citationFull": "釋德清《道德經解》（公開轉錄本）（憨山以此章整段作解，今依經文析為二段。「經曰此土眾生其性剛強難調難化」引《法華經·方便品》。「虛心無為不敢」兼用六十九章「不敢為天下先」。轉錄本作簡體，今轉為繁體。）", "citationSimp": "释德清《道德经解》（公开转录本）", "authorNoteSimp": "憨山以此章整段作解，今依经文析为二段。「经曰此土众生其性刚强难调难化」引《法华经·方便品》。「虚心无为不敢」兼用六十九章「不敢为天下先」。转录本作简体，今转为繁体。", "lemmaSimp": "人之生也柔弱……柔弱者生之徒" }, { "id": "c045", "block": 0, "source": "hanshan", "target": { "start": "s004", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "是以兵強則不勝……柔弱處上", "kind": "note", "text": "是以兵喻戒懼，木喻心虛。言兵若臨事而懼，不敢輕敵，故能全師以自勝。是以全生為上，而多死為下也。木之枝條，以沖氣為和，故欣欣向榮，而生意自見。是以虛心柔弱在上。若成拱把，則粗幹堅強者在下矣。以此足知戒懼虛心、柔弱翕受者，方可處於民上也。若夫堅強自用，敢於好為，則終無有生意矣。此語大可畏哉。", "authorNote": "憨山經文「木強則共」下自注「音拱，兩手合圍也」，用蘇轍、吳澄之讀。「臨事而懼」出《論語·述而》，「柔弱翕受」出《易·繫辭》「翕受」之義。以「處於民上」結，仍歸治國。", "citation": "釋德清《道德經解》（公開轉錄本）", "textSimp": "是以兵喻戒惧，木喻心虚。言兵若临事而惧，不敢轻敌，故能全师以自胜。是以全生为上，而多死为下也。木之枝条，以冲气为和，故欣欣向荣，而生意自见。是以虚心柔弱在上。若成拱把，则粗干坚强者在下矣。以此足知戒惧虚心、柔弱翕受者，方可处于民上也。若夫坚强自用，敢于好为，则终无有生意矣。此语大可畏哉。", "citationFull": "釋德清《道德經解》（公開轉錄本）（憨山經文「木強則共」下自注「音拱，兩手合圍也」，用蘇轍、吳澄之讀。「臨事而懼」出《論語·述而》，「柔弱翕受」出《易·繫辭》「翕受」之義。以「處於民上」結，仍歸治國。）", "citationSimp": "释德清《道德经解》（公开转录本）", "authorNoteSimp": "憨山经文「木强则共」下自注「音拱，两手合围也」，用苏辙、吴澄之读。「临事而惧」出《论语·述而》，「柔弱翕受」出《易·系辞》「翕受」之义。以「处于民上」结，仍归治国。", "lemmaSimp": "是以兵强则不胜……柔弱处上" }, { "id": "c046", "block": 0, "source": "weiyuan", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "全章", "kind": "note", "text": "呂氏惠卿曰：道之為物，無形而不爭，則天下之至柔，而人莫之喻也，故以有形喻之。人與草木之形體，皆以堅強而死，柔弱而生。況欲體無形之道者，而不致其柔弱，其可得乎。是柔弱勝剛強之理，非但兵驕則敗、木強則伐，為然也。天以清虛在上，地以堅實在下。臣以有為事上，君以無為任下。凡物之理，莫不然也。然則體道之貴柔，明矣。蘇氏轍曰：沖氣在焉，則體無堅強之病。至理在焉，則事無堅強之累。物之常理，精者在上，粗者在下。其精必柔弱，其粗必強大也。吳氏澄曰：末二句即承上兩句而言之。蓋兵強者為人勝，是不若以弱勝者之處人上也。木強者近根之乾，是不若枝條之處上也。推此則知矜己凌人者必蹶，其貴高而柔弱者為眾所推戴矣。李氏嘉謨曰：柔弱雖非即道，而近於無為。剛強雖未離乎道，而涉於有為。無為則去道不遠，有為則吉凶悔吝隨之，益遠於道矣。源案：老子書將終，故對舉柔弱剛強之得失，而下三章皆申之。", "authorNote": "魏源以此章為其第六十三章。其本義不別出己意，但裒集呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、李嘉謨四家而斷以「源案」；所引呂惠卿「天以清虛在上，地以堅實在下」與道藏本呂注「天以炁在上，地以形在下」小異，「任下」作「畜下」。李嘉謨之書本站未收，故只附魏源所引。", "citation": "魏源《老子本義》（下篇，公開轉錄本）", "textSimp": "吕氏惠卿曰：道之为物，无形而不争，则天下之至柔，而人莫之喻也，故以有形喻之。人与草木之形体，皆以坚强而死，柔弱而生。况欲体无形之道者，而不致其柔弱，其可得乎。是柔弱胜刚强之理，非但兵骄则败、木强则伐，为然也。天以清虚在上，地以坚实在下。臣以有为事上，君以无为任下。凡物之理，莫不然也。然则体道之贵柔，明矣。苏氏辙曰：冲气在焉，则体无坚强之病。至理在焉，则事无坚强之累。物之常理，精者在上，粗者在下。其精必柔弱，其粗必强大也。吴氏澄曰：末二句即承上两句而言之。盖兵强者为人胜，是不若以弱胜者之处人上也。木强者近根之干，是不若枝条之处上也。推此则知矜己凌人者必蹶，其贵高而柔弱者为众所推戴矣。李氏嘉谟曰：柔弱虽非即道，而近于无为。刚强虽未离乎道，而涉于有为。无为则去道不远，有为则吉凶悔吝随之，益远于道矣。源案：老子书将终，故对举柔弱刚强之得失，而下三章皆申之。", "citationFull": "魏源《老子本義》（下篇，公開轉錄本）（魏源以此章為其第六十三章。其本義不別出己意，但裒集呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、李嘉謨四家而斷以「源案」；所引呂惠卿「天以清虛在上，地以堅實在下」與道藏本呂注「天以炁在上，地以形在下」小異，「任下」作「畜下」。李嘉謨之書本站未收，故只附魏源所引。）", "citationSimp": "魏源《老子本义》（下篇，公开转录本）", "authorNoteSimp": "魏源以此章为其第六十三章。其本义不别出己意，但裒集吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、李嘉谟四家而断以「源案」；所引吕惠卿「天以清虚在上，地以坚实在下」与道藏本吕注「天以炁在上，地以形在下」小异，「任下」作「畜下」。李嘉谟之书本站未收，故只附魏源所引。", "lemmaSimp": "全章" }, { "id": "c047", "block": 0, "source": "weiyuan", "target": { "start": "s001", "end": "s005" }, "lemma": "校記", "kind": "note", "text": "草木之生也柔弱：「草木」，王弼、河上公本上有「萬物」二字；「柔弱」一作「柔脆」。故堅強者死之徒，柔弱者生之徒：傅奕本兩「徒」下有「也」字。是以兵強則不勝：傅奕本「兵強」下有「者」字。木強則兵：河上公作「木強則共」，此從王弼，以「勝」「兵」為韻，言木強被伐也。強大處下：傅奕本作「堅強」，又下有「故」字。", "authorNote": "魏源校記原附經文之下以雙行小字出之，今轉寫。其自謂「此從王弼」，然今道藏本王弼正作「木強則共」，知魏源所見王弼本或經改寫；本站正文仍從王弼通行本作「共」。", "citation": "魏源《老子本義》（下篇，公開轉錄本）", "textSimp": "草木之生也柔弱：「草木」，王弼、河上公本上有「万物」二字；「柔弱」一作「柔脆」。故坚强者死之徒，柔弱者生之徒：傅奕本两「徒」下有「也」字。是以兵强则不胜：傅奕本「兵强」下有「者」字。木强则兵：河上公作「木强则共」，此从王弼，以「胜」「兵」为韵，言木强被伐也。强大处下：傅奕本作「坚强」，又下有「故」字。", "citationFull": "魏源《老子本義》（下篇，公開轉錄本）（魏源校記原附經文之下以雙行小字出之，今轉寫。其自謂「此從王弼」，然今道藏本王弼正作「木強則共」，知魏源所見王弼本或經改寫；本站正文仍從王弼通行本作「共」。）", "citationSimp": "魏源《老子本义》（下篇，公开转录本）", "authorNoteSimp": "魏源校记原附经文之下以双行小字出之，今转写。其自谓「此从王弼」，然今道藏本王弼正作「木强则共」，知魏源所见王弼本或经改写；本站正文仍从王弼通行本作「共」。", "lemmaSimp": "校记" } ], "charNotes": [ { "id": "n001", "sentenceId": "s001", "start": 4, "end": 6, "char": "柔弱", "charSimp": "柔弱", "startSimp": 4, "endSimp": 6, "pinyin": "róu ruò", "gloss": "柔軟而弱，指有生之時血氣和柔。", "glossSimp": "柔软而弱，指有生之时血气和柔。", "general": "河上公謂人生含和氣抱精神故柔弱；御注謂生之柔弱是和氣全，御疏謂和氣流行百體以之柔弱；成玄英謂存有命則支節柔弱；李榮謂人受生必資道氣，存則屈伸由己；嚴遵輯文謂神在身、血氣流行、骨弱筋柔；蘇轍以沖氣在焉則體無堅強之病；吳澄謂肌膚柔軟而活動可以屈伸；陸希聲、呂惠卿、憨山並謂柔弱者生之徒，呂惠卿更推為體道之貴柔。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓人生含和气抱精神故柔弱；御注谓生之柔弱是和气全，御疏谓和气流行百体以之柔弱；成玄英谓存有命则支节柔弱；李荣谓人受生必资道气，存则屈伸由己；严遵辑文谓神在身、血气流行、骨弱筋柔；苏辙以冲气在焉则体无坚强之病；吴澄谓肌肤柔软而活动可以屈伸；陆希声、吕惠卿、憨山并谓柔弱者生之徒，吕惠卿更推为体道之贵柔。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c001", "c011", "c013", "c017", "c020", "c026", "c029", "c034", "c035", "c036", "c040", "c044", "c046" ], "refsSimp": [ "c001", "c011", "c013", "c017", "c020", "c026", "c029", "c034", "c035", "c036", "c040", "c044", "c046" ] }, { "id": "n002", "sentenceId": "s001", "start": 10, "end": 12, "char": "堅強", "charSimp": "坚强", "startSimp": 10, "endSimp": 12, "pinyin": "jiān qiáng", "gloss": "堅硬強直，指既死之後和氣散盡。", "glossSimp": "坚硬强直，指既死之后和气散尽。", "general": "河上公謂人死和氣竭精神亡故堅強；御注謂死之堅強是和氣散，御疏謂和氣離散四支以之堅強；成玄英謂骨肉堅強由和氣離；李榮謂不能保氣、神逝命殞則不能轉動；嚴遵輯文謂神去於身、形容枯槁、舌縮體伸；吳澄謂冷硬而強直不能屈伸；陸希聲謂聖人守柔弱惡堅強。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓人死和气竭精神亡故坚强；御注谓死之坚强是和气散，御疏谓和气离散四支以之坚强；成玄英谓骨肉坚强由和气离；李荣谓不能保气、神逝命殒则不能转动；严遵辑文谓神去于身、形容枯槁、舌缩体伸；吴澄谓冷硬而强直不能屈伸；陆希声谓圣人守柔弱恶坚强。", "variants": [ "堅彊" ], "variantsSimp": [ "坚彊" ], "refs": [ "c001", "c013", "c017", "c020", "c026", "c029", "c040", "c044", "c046" ], "refsSimp": [ "c001", "c013", "c017", "c020", "c026", "c029", "c040", "c044", "c046" ] }, { "id": "n003", "sentenceId": "s002", "start": 7, "end": 9, "char": "柔脆", "charSimp": "柔脆", "startSimp": 7, "endSimp": 9, "pinyin": "róu cuì", "gloss": "柔軟脆嫩，草木方生之貌。", "glossSimp": "柔软脆嫩，草木方生之貌。", "general": "王弼本、河上公並作「柔脆」，蘇轍、魏源及成玄英疏引作「柔弱」，魏源校記謂「柔弱一作柔脆」。河上公訓為和氣存，御疏謂氣聚而生故枝葉敷榮而柔脆，吳澄謂枝莖軟脆，憨山所見經文與河上公同。「脆」河上公音「七歲反」。", "generalSimp": "王弼本、河上公并作「柔脆」，苏辙、魏源及成玄英疏引作「柔弱」，魏源校记谓「柔弱一作柔脆」。河上公训为和气存，御疏谓气聚而生故枝叶敷荣而柔脆，吴澄谓枝茎软脆，憨山所见经文与河上公同。「脆」河上公音「七岁反」。", "variants": [ "柔弱" ], "variantsSimp": [ "柔弱" ], "refs": [ "c002", "c013", "c017", "c021", "c030", "c040", "c047" ], "refsSimp": [ "c002", "c013", "c017", "c021", "c030", "c040", "c047" ] }, { "id": "n004", "sentenceId": "s002", "start": 13, "end": 15, "char": "枯槁", "charSimp": "枯槁", "startSimp": 13, "endSimp": 15, "pinyin": "kū gǎo", "gloss": "乾枯槁折，草木既死之貌。", "glossSimp": "干枯槁折，草木既死之貌。", "general": "河上公訓為和氣去；御疏謂氣竭而死則條幹變衰而枯槁；成玄英謂條柯枯槁由和氣離；李榮謂無氣故死；吳澄謂枯槁堅硬；嚴遵輯文以「形容枯槁」說人身之死。「槁」河上公音「苦老反」。", "generalSimp": "河上公训为和气去；御疏谓气竭而死则条干变衰而枯槁；成玄英谓条柯枯槁由和气离；李荣谓无气故死；吴澄谓枯槁坚硬；严遵辑文以「形容枯槁」说人身之死。「槁」河上公音「苦老反」。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c002", "c013", "c017", "c021", "c026", "c030", "c040", "c046" ], "refsSimp": [ "c002", "c013", "c017", "c021", "c026", "c030", "c040", "c046" ] }, { "id": "n005", "sentenceId": "s003", "start": 4, "end": 7, "char": "死之徒", "charSimp": "死之徒", "startSimp": 4, "endSimp": 7, "pinyin": "sǐ zhī tú", "gloss": "近死的一類。徒，類也。", "glossSimp": "近死的一类。徒，类也。", "general": "成玄英、御疏並訓「徒」為類；河上公謂以人身草木二事觀之，知堅強者死；御注以「欲明守柔弱者全生保年，為強梁者亡身失性」總括；李榮謂有識無情生死二理各有徒類；吳澄推為人之德行堅強者不得其死；憨山謂此二句乃借人物草木為喻。", "generalSimp": "成玄英、御疏并训「徒」为类；河上公谓以人身草木二事观之，知坚强者死；御注以「欲明守柔弱者全生保年，为强梁者亡身失性」总括；李荣谓有识无情生死二理各有徒类；吴澄推为人之德行坚强者不得其死；憨山谓此二句乃借人物草木为喻。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c003", "c011", "c014", "c017", "c022", "c026", "c031", "c041", "c044" ], "refsSimp": [ "c003", "c011", "c014", "c017", "c022", "c026", "c031", "c041", "c044" ] }, { "id": "n006", "sentenceId": "s003", "start": 11, "end": 14, "char": "生之徒", "charSimp": "生之徒", "startSimp": 11, "endSimp": 14, "pinyin": "shēng zhī tú", "gloss": "有生的一類，謂柔弱順氣者。", "glossSimp": "有生的一类，谓柔弱顺气者。", "general": "成玄英謂行柔弱順於和氣故與生為徒；御疏謂為柔弱之行者是出生之類；李榮以「生者人之所欣」當之；嚴遵輯文謂柔弱者曰嬰孩、血氣方剛則死期不遠；呂惠卿謂柔弱而生、堅強而死，雖有形者已然，況體無形之道。", "generalSimp": "成玄英谓行柔弱顺于和气故与生为徒；御疏谓为柔弱之行者是出生之类；李荣以「生者人之所欣」当之；严遵辑文谓柔弱者曰婴孩、血气方刚则死期不远；吕惠卿谓柔弱而生、坚强而死，虽有形者已然，况体无形之道。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c003", "c014", "c017", "c022", "c026", "c031", "c033", "c035", "c041" ], "refsSimp": [ "c003", "c014", "c017", "c022", "c026", "c031", "c033", "c035", "c041" ] }, { "id": "n007", "sentenceId": "s004", "start": 2, "end": 4, "char": "兵強", "charSimp": "兵强", "startSimp": 2, "endSimp": 4, "pinyin": "bīng qiáng", "gloss": "恃其兵之強。", "glossSimp": "恃其兵之强。", "general": "河上公謂強大之兵輕戰樂殺、毒流怨結，眾弱共一強故不勝；御注但云「見哀者勝，故知恃強者必敗」，御疏引六十九章「用兵有言，以慈為主」；王弼謂強兵以暴於天下者物之所惡；李榮謂不以德而固乃恃兵為強；蘇轍謂強而不義其敗必速；吳澄歷舉秦敗於殽、齊敗於鞌為恃強不勝之驗；憨山謂兵若臨事而懼不敢輕敵故能全師以自勝。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓强大之兵轻战乐杀、毒流怨结，众弱共一强故不胜；御注但云「见哀者胜，故知恃强者必败」，御疏引六十九章「用兵有言，以慈为主」；王弼谓强兵以暴于天下者物之所恶；李荣谓不以德而固乃恃兵为强；苏辙谓强而不义其败必速；吴澄历举秦败于殽、齐败于鞌为恃强不胜之验；憨山谓兵若临事而惧不敢轻敌故能全师以自胜。", "variants": [ "兵強者" ], "variantsSimp": [ "兵强者" ], "refs": [ "c004", "c007", "c015", "c018", "c023", "c027", "c032", "c034", "c035", "c037", "c042", "c045", "c046" ], "refsSimp": [ "c004", "c007", "c015", "c018", "c023", "c027", "c032", "c034", "c035", "c037", "c042", "c045", "c046" ] }, { "id": "n008", "sentenceId": "s004", "start": 5, "end": 7, "char": "不勝", "charSimp": "不胜", "startSimp": 5, "endSimp": 7, "pinyin": "bù shèng", "gloss": "不能取勝。", "glossSimp": "不能取胜。", "general": "傅奕本「兵強」下有「者」字，魏源校記。御注以「見哀者勝」反形之；王弼謂故必不得勝；河上公謂眾弱共一強故不勝；嚴遵輯文謂親之者死、事之者禍，眾弱四應共為一強；成玄英獨以「兵謂三毒六根」解之，謂縱恣六情強暴前境者必遭重殃大禍。", "generalSimp": "傅奕本「兵强」下有「者」字，魏源校记。御注以「见哀者胜」反形之；王弼谓故必不得胜；河上公谓众弱共一强故不胜；严遵辑文谓亲之者死、事之者祸，众弱四应共为一强；成玄英独以「兵谓三毒六根」解之，谓纵恣六情强暴前境者必遭重殃大祸。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c004", "c007", "c015", "c018", "c023", "c027", "c032", "c037", "c042", "c043" ], "refsSimp": [ "c004", "c007", "c015", "c018", "c023", "c027", "c032", "c037", "c042", "c043" ] }, { "id": "n009", "sentenceId": "s004", "start": 11, "end": 12, "char": "共", "charSimp": "共", "startSimp": 11, "endSimp": 12, "pinyin": "gōng", "gloss": "兩讀：一讀為「拱」，兩手合圍；一讀為「共生」之共，謂枝葉共加其上。", "glossSimp": "两读：一读为「拱」，两手合围；一读为「共生」之共，谓枝叶共加其上。", "general": "御注、御疏、李榮並讀為共生：木本強大故處於下，枝條柔弱共生於上；河上公四部叢刊本作「木強大枝弱，共生其上也」。蘇轍、吳澄、憨山讀為拱把：木自拱把以上必伐，共兩手所圍，成拱把則粗幹堅強者在下。王弼注「物所加也」四字，二讀可通，魏源遂據傅奕改「共」作「兵」，謂勝兵為韻。成玄英謂枝條共壓其上、椽瓦壓其上。", "generalSimp": "御注、御疏、李荣并读为共生：木本强大故处于下，枝条柔弱共生于上；河上公四部丛刊本作「木强大枝弱，共生其上也」。苏辙、吴澄、憨山读为拱把：木自拱把以上必伐，共两手所围，成拱把则粗干坚强者在下。王弼注「物所加也」四字，二读可通，魏源遂据傅奕改「共」作「兵」，谓胜兵为韵。成玄英谓枝条共压其上、椽瓦压其上。", "variants": [ "兵" ], "variantsSimp": [ "兵" ], "refs": [ "c005", "c008", "c015", "c019", "c024", "c032", "c038", "c042", "c045", "c047" ], "refsSimp": [ "c005", "c008", "c015", "c019", "c024", "c032", "c038", "c042", "c045", "c047" ] }, { "id": "n010", "sentenceId": "s005", "start": 0, "end": 2, "char": "強大", "charSimp": "强大", "startSimp": 0, "endSimp": 2, "pinyin": "qiáng dà", "gloss": "強硬粗大，謂木之根本、人之剛強。", "glossSimp": "强硬粗大，谓木之根本、人之刚强。", "general": "王弼注「木之本也」；御注、御疏以根本強大處下、枝條柔弱處上立說；陸希聲謂強幹大本常處於下；呂惠卿謂堅強居下、柔弱處上，以臣有為事上、君無為畜下明之；嚴遵謂強人為天下憂愁，強人不得為王；成玄英謂堅強之人居九幽之下；李榮以死為物之所慼、寧非下耶；憨山謂堅強自用、敢於好為則終無生意。", "generalSimp": "王弼注「木之本也」；御注、御疏以根本强大处下、枝条柔弱处上立说；陆希声谓强干大本常处于下；吕惠卿谓坚强居下、柔弱处上，以臣有为事上、君无为畜下明之；严遵谓强人为天下忧愁，强人不得为王；成玄英谓坚强之人居九幽之下；李荣以死为物之所戚、宁非下耶；憨山谓坚强自用、敢于好为则终无生意。", "variants": [ "堅強居下", "故堅強處下" ], "variantsSimp": [ "坚强居下", "故坚强处下" ], "refs": [ "c006", "c009", "c016", "c019", "c024", "c025", "c028", "c033", "c034", "c035", "c043", "c045", "c046" ], "refsSimp": [ "c006", "c009", "c016", "c019", "c024", "c025", "c028", "c033", "c034", "c035", "c043", "c045", "c046" ] }, { "id": "n011", "sentenceId": "s005", "start": 5, "end": 7, "char": "柔弱", "charSimp": "柔弱", "startSimp": 5, "endSimp": 7, "pinyin": "róu ruò", "gloss": "柔軟弱小，謂木之枝條、人之謙下。", "glossSimp": "柔软弱小，谓木之枝条、人之谦下。", "general": "王弼注「枝條是也」；河上公謂興物造功大木處下小物處上，天道抑強扶弱自然之效；御疏謂欲明強梁之人常在柔弱之下；陸希聲謂柔條弱枝常處於上；吳澄謂柔弱者為眾所尊戴而得處人上；蘇轍別以精粗釋之，謂精者在上、其精必柔弱；成玄英謂柔弱之士處三清之上；憨山謂戒懼虛心、柔弱翕受者方可處於民上。", "generalSimp": "王弼注「枝条是也」；河上公谓兴物造功大木处下小物处上，天道抑强扶弱自然之效；御疏谓欲明强梁之人常在柔弱之下；陆希声谓柔条弱枝常处于上；吴澄谓柔弱者为众所尊戴而得处人上；苏辙别以精粗释之，谓精者在上、其精必柔弱；成玄英谓柔弱之士处三清之上；憨山谓戒惧虚心、柔弱翕受者方可处于民上。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c006", "c010", "c016", "c025", "c033", "c034", "c035", "c039", "c043", "c045", "c046" ], "refsSimp": [ "c006", "c010", "c016", "c025", "c033", "c034", "c035", "c039", "c043", "c045", "c046" ] } ], "glossary": { "戒強第七十六": "河上公本章章題全稱。", "戒強": "河上公本章章題，取「以強梁為可戒」之義。", "人之生章": "成玄英、呂惠卿本章章題。", "人之生章第七十六": "成玄英、呂惠卿本章章題全稱。", "民之生章": "蘇轍本章章題，其經文「人之生」亦作「民之生」。", "民之生章第七十六": "蘇轍本章章題全稱。", "右第六十三章": "吳澄、魏源本章章次；二人分章與王弼本異，故並以此章為其第六十三章。", "柔弱": "柔軟弱弱，謂有生之時血氣和柔。", "堅強": "堅硬強直，謂既死之後和氣散盡。陸希聲本多作「堅彊」。", "柔脆": "柔軟脆嫩，草木方生之貌。蘇轍、魏源本作「柔弱」。", "枯槁": "乾枯槁折，草木既死之貌。", "徒": "類也。成玄英、唐玄宗御疏並訓「徒」為「類」。", "死之徒": "近死的一類，謂行堅強者。", "生之徒": "有生的一類，謂行柔弱者。", "兵強": "恃其兵之強。", "不勝": "不能取勝。傅奕本「兵強」下有「者」字。", "共": "兩讀：讀為「拱」則指兩手合圍之木，讀為「共生」之共則指枝葉共加其上。", "兩手所圍": "吳澄訓「共」之語，即拱把之大。", "拱把": "樹木粗可兩手合圍之時，蘇轍謂「木自拱把以上必伐矣」。", "強大": "強硬粗大，謂木之根本與人之剛強。", "處下": "居於下位，謂根本與剛強者。", "處上": "居於上位，謂枝條與柔弱者。", "和氣": "生人之氣。河上公、成玄英、御注御疏並以此釋柔弱堅強之故。", "百體": "周身骨肉。御疏「和氣流行，百體以之柔弱」。", "四支": "四肢。御疏「和氣離散，四支以之堅強」。", "有識": "有情之類，謂人。御疏「前明有識，此舉無情」。", "無情": "無識知者，謂草木。御疏「無情者以氣聚散為榮枯」。", "支節": "肢節。成疏「人生存有命，則支節柔弱」。", "條柯": "枝莖。成疏「草木之類，生時軟脆，及其死也，條柯枯槁」。", "敷榮": "枝葉開盛。御疏「氣聚而生，故枝葉敷榮而柔脆」。", "條幹變衰": "枝幹改而枯衰。御疏「氣竭而死，則條幹變衰而枯槁」。", "全生保年": "御注語，謂守柔弱則生全年永。", "亡身失性": "御注語，謂為強梁則身喪性失。", "生死之戒": "御疏語，謂柔弱堅強之辨所以為生死之警戒。", "見哀者勝": "御注語，承六十九章「抗兵相若，哀者勝矣」，以慈與哀為兵家之樞。", "用兵有言": "御疏引六十九章「用兵有言，吾不敢為主為客」，以證兵以慈為主。", "物之所惡": "王弼注語，謂強兵暴於天下則為物所共惡。", "物所加也": "王弼釋「木強則共」四字，謂外物加其上。", "木之本也": "王弼釋「強大處下」，謂根本強大而反處下。", "枝條是也": "王弼釋「柔弱處上」，謂處上者即柔弱之枝條。", "雙舉二喻以況剛柔": "成玄英科段第一別，謂一身與草木兩喻並舉。", "合喻辯其勝劣": "成玄英科段第二別，謂結言生死之徒類。", "法喻並陳重結其義": "成玄英科段第三別，謂兵、木二法與喻並陳。", "料簡勝劣": "成玄英章義語，謂簡別剛柔之優劣，故次此章於七十五章後。", "生生之人翻致輕死": "成玄英章義語，承七十五章「以其求生之厚」。", "忘生之者反獲長生": "成玄英章義語，承七十五章「夫唯無以生為者」。", "調正南昌": "成玄英章義駢文語，南昌謂道教注生之府。", "酆都北帝": "成玄英章義駢文語，酆都謂北帝握死籍之府。", "風雲之潤": "成玄英章義駢文語，喻柔弱得全。", "金石之堅": "成玄英章義駢文語，喻剛強可銷。", "堅則堅而可銷": "成玄英章義語，謂至堅者終可銷鑠。", "潤則潤而無瘼": "成玄英章義語，謂長潤者無病。瘼，病也。", "柔弱者長生，虛心者仙矣": "成玄英章義結語，歸柔弱於長生、虛心於仙。", "和氣歸": "成疏語，謂生而柔軟由和氣之歸。", "和氣離": "成疏語，謂死而堅強由和氣之離。", "去剛用柔": "成疏語，謂舉有識無識為喻意在勖勵學人。", "乖於和理": "成疏語，謂行剛強者背於和理，故與死為類。", "三毒六根": "成疏釋「兵」之語，以身心之毒代士卒之兵。", "縱恣六情": "成疏語，謂六情強暴前境而貪取無厭。", "枝條共壓其上": "成疏語，以木之粗強者受枝條共壓。", "椽瓦壓其上也": "成疏語，「亦猶梀棟宏壯，故椽瓦壓其上」。梀，原卷疑「榱」之訛。", "九幽之下": "成疏語，道教謂極下之幽府，以喻堅強者之位。", "三清之上": "成疏語，道教謂極上之清境，以喻柔弱之士。", "神在身": "嚴遵輯文語，謂柔弱由神在人身、血氣流行。", "骨弱筋柔": "嚴遵輯文語。", "舌縮體伸": "嚴遵輯文語，謂死後形容之狀，即「堅強」。", "柔弱嬰孩也，堅強少壯也": "嚴遵輯文語，以年齒喻剛柔之漸。", "血氣方剛": "嚴遵輯文語，謂少壯則衰老將至。", "夷人宗廟": "嚴遵輯文語，謂恃強之兵毀人宗廟。", "喪人社稷": "嚴遵輯文語。", "眾弱四應": "嚴遵輯文語，謂眾弱之家四方相應以攻一強。", "小不載大，輕不載重": "嚴遵輯文語，本《莊子·逍遙遊》杯水坳堂之義。", "強人不得為王": "嚴遵輯文語。", "莫柔弱於氣": "李榮注語，翻用七十八章「莫柔弱於水」之句式。", "屈伸由己": "李榮注語，謂道氣存則身無不遂。", "動靜任神": "李榮注語。", "順心無逆": "李榮注語，「順心無逆，從事摩違」。摩違，猶牴觸。", "怡神": "李榮注語，謂養神。", "命殞": "李榮注語，謂神逝而命隕。", "聚寡為眾": "李榮注語，謂集寡弱以攻強。", "務修德以柔弱": "李榮注語，謂本章之旨。", "飾兵以堅強": "李榮注語，與上句對。", "生者人之所欣": "李榮注語，以欣慼釋上下。", "死者物之所慼": "李榮注語。", "同歸於此": "陸希聲傳語，謂人與萬物同歸生死柔弱堅強之理。", "守柔弱惡堅強": "陸希聲傳語。", "諸侯共加其國": "陸希聲傳語，以說「兵強則不勝」。", "強幹大本": "陸希聲傳語，謂木之粗大者常處下。", "柔條弱枝": "陸希聲傳語，謂木之柔弱者常處上。", "況於人乎，況於國乎": "陸希聲傳結語，由木及人與國。", "無形而不爭": "呂惠卿傳語，以道之無形立柔弱之宗。", "以有形喻之": "呂惠卿傳語，謂借人身草木有形者說無形之道。", "我驕而敵謀": "呂惠卿傳語，謂兵強則恃之而驕，敵國乘之。", "木強則伐": "呂惠卿傳語，謂伐木所以「共而舉之」。", "天以炁在上": "呂惠卿傳語，「炁」即「氣」之異體。", "臣以有為事上": "呂惠卿傳語，以臣君釋柔弱堅強之居上下。", "君以無為畜下": "呂惠卿傳語。魏源引作「君以無為任下」。", "沖氣": "蘇轍注語，謂四十二章沖氣以為和之沖氣。", "至理": "蘇轍注語，謂事之本理。", "兵以義勝": "蘇轍注語，謂義不在強。", "精者在上": "蘇轍注語，以精粗釋柔弱強大之居上下。", "肌膚柔軟而活動": "吳澄注語，全就形骸說柔弱。", "冷硬而強直": "吳澄注語。", "不得其死": "吳澄注語，謂堅強者不能盡其天年。", "示弱者謀深": "吳澄注語，引兵法以說不勝之由。", "始如處女": "吳澄注引《孫子·九地》「始如處女，敵人開戶」。", "後如脫兔": "吳澄注引《孫子·九地》「後如脫兔，敵不及距」。", "超乘三百": "吳澄注事，出《左傳·僖公三十三年》秦過周北門超乘者三百乘，卒敗於殽。", "桀石投人": "吳澄注事，出《左傳·成公二年》齊逢丑父、晉戰於鞌事，齊師敗績。", "合拱之大榦": "吳澄注語，謂近根兩手圍之粗幹。", "近末之小枝": "吳澄注語，謂枝梢之弱而搖動者。", "矜己凌人": "吳澄注語，謂堅強者必蹶其貴高。", "為眾所尊戴": "吳澄注語，謂柔弱者得處人上。", "先自化而後化民": "憨山解語，謂本章為上者設。", "結句乃本意": "憨山解語，謂「強大處下，柔弱處上」為一章主意。", "此土眾生，其性剛強": "憨山引《法華經·方便品》語。", "虛心無為不敢": "憨山解語，「不敢」兼用六十九章「不敢為天下先」。", "兵喻戒懼": "憨山解語，以兵說臨事而懼。", "木喻心虛": "憨山解語，以枝條沖氣說虛心之生意。", "臨事而懼": "憨山用《論語·述而》語。", "柔弱翕受": "憨山解語，「翕受」取《易·繫辭》坤德之義。", "堅強自用": "憨山解語，謂敢於好為則無生意。", "體道之貴柔": "魏源引呂惠卿語。", "李嘉謨": "魏源《本義》所引宋人李氏嘉謨之說，其書本站未收，故只附魏源所引一條。", "吉凶悔吝": "魏源引李嘉謨語，出《易·繫辭》。", "老子書將終": "魏源源案語，謂七十六至七十八章對舉柔弱剛強之得失。", "勝兵為韻": "魏源校記語，謂「木強則兵」與「不勝」為韻，故改「共」作「兵」。", "彊": "「強」之異體，陸希聲本經傳多用之。" }, "collations": [ { "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "章次與章題", "text": "河上公題「戒強第七十六」；成玄英、呂惠卿並題「人之生章第七十六」；蘇轍題「民之生章第七十六」；王弼本、陸希聲本、憨山本此章無章題（憨山次為七十六章）；吳澄以此章為其第六十三章，魏源亦以此章為其第六十三章。本站從王弼本分章。", "source": "河上公《老子道德經章句》、王弼《老子道德經注》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、嚴遵《道德真經指歸》、李榮《道德真經注》、陸希聲《道德經傳》、呂惠卿《道德真經傳》、蘇轍《老子解》、吳澄《道德真經注》、釋德清《道德經解》、魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "河上公题「戒强第七十六」；成玄英、吕惠卿并题「人之生章第七十六」；苏辙题「民之生章第七十六」；王弼本、陆希声本、憨山本此章无章题（憨山次为七十六章）；吴澄以此章为其第六十三章，魏源亦以此章为其第六十三章。本站从王弼本分章。", "headwordSimp": "章次与章题", "sourceSimp": "河上公《老子道德经章句》、王弼《老子道德经注》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、严遵《道德真经指归》、李荣《道德真经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、释德清《道德经解》、魏源《老子本义》", "id": "k001" }, { "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "「人之生」與「民之生」", "text": 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}, { "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "「柔脆」與「柔弱」", "text": "王弼本、河上公本、陸希聲本、呂惠卿本、吳澄本、憨山本作「生也柔脆」；蘇轍本作「生也柔弱」，魏源本作「草木之生也柔弱」，其校記謂「柔弱一作柔脆」；成玄英疏、唐玄宗御注所引經文亦作「柔弱」。本站從王弼作「柔脆」，與上句「柔弱」互為文勢。", "source": "王弼《老子道德經注》、河上公《老子道德經章句》、成玄英《老子道德經義疏》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、蘇轍《老子解》、魏源《老子本義》", "textSimp": "王弼本、河上公本、陆希声本、吕惠卿本、吴澄本、憨山本作「生也柔脆」；苏辙本作「生也柔弱」，魏源本作「草木之生也柔弱」，其校记谓「柔弱一作柔脆」；成玄英疏、唐玄宗御注所引经文亦作「柔弱」。本站从王弼作「柔脆」，与上句「柔弱」互为文势。", "headwordSimp": "「柔脆」与「柔弱」", "sourceSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》、河上公《老子道德经章句》、成玄英《老子道德经义疏》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、苏辙《老子解》、魏源《老子本义》", "id": "k004" }, { "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "「兵強」下之「者」字", "text": "王弼本、河上公本、陸希聲本、呂惠卿本、蘇轍本、吳澄本、憨山本並作「是以兵強則不勝」；傅奕本「兵強」下有「者」字（魏源校記）。唐玄宗御疏引作「兵恃強則敗」，非經文之異，乃疏語櫽括。", "source": "王弼《老子道德經注》、河上公《老子道德經章句》、唐玄宗《道德真經注疏》、魏源《老子本義》、陸希聲《道德經傳》", "textSimp": "王弼本、河上公本、陆希声本、吕惠卿本、苏辙本、吴澄本、憨山本并作「是以兵强则不胜」；傅奕本「兵强」下有「者」字（魏源校记）。唐玄宗御疏引作「兵恃强则败」，非经文之异，乃疏语櫽括。", "headwordSimp": "「兵强」下之「者」字", "sourceSimp": "王弼《老子道德经注》、河上公《老子道德经章句》、唐玄宗《道德真经注疏》、魏源《老子本义》、陆希声《道德经传》", "id": "k005" }, { "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": 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"王弼《老子道德经注》、陆希声《道德经传》、吕惠卿《道德真经传》、苏辙《老子解》、吴澄《道德真经注》、魏源《老子本义》", "id": "k007" } ], "glossarySimp": { "戒强第七十六": "河上公本章章题全称。", "戒强": "河上公本章章题，取「以强梁为可戒」之义。", "人之生章": "成玄英、吕惠卿本章章题。", "人之生章第七十六": "成玄英、吕惠卿本章章题全称。", "民之生章": "苏辙本章章题，其经文「人之生」亦作「民之生」。", "民之生章第七十六": "苏辙本章章题全称。", "右第六十三章": "吴澄、魏源本章章次；二人分章与王弼本异，故并以此章为其第六十三章。", "柔弱": "柔软弱弱，谓有生之时血气和柔。", "坚强": "坚硬强直，谓既死之后和气散尽。陆希声本多作「坚彊」。", "柔脆": "柔软脆嫩，草木方生之貌。苏辙、魏源本作「柔弱」。", "枯槁": "干枯槁折，草木既死之貌。", "徒": "类也。成玄英、唐玄宗御疏并训「徒」为「类」。", "死之徒": "近死的一类，谓行坚强者。", "生之徒": "有生的一类，谓行柔弱者。", "兵强": "恃其兵之强。", "不胜": "不能取胜。傅奕本「兵强」下有「者」字。", "共": "两读：读为「拱」则指两手合围之木，读为「共生」之共则指枝叶共加其上。", "两手所围": "吴澄训「共」之语，即拱把之大。", "拱把": "树木粗可两手合围之时，苏辙谓「木自拱把以上必伐矣」。", "强大": "强硬粗大，谓木之根本与人之刚强。", "处下": "居于下位，谓根本与刚强者。", "处上": "居于上位，谓枝条与柔弱者。", "和气": "生人之气。河上公、成玄英、御注御疏并以此释柔弱坚强之故。", "百体": "周身骨肉。御疏「和气流行，百体以之柔弱」。", "四支": "四肢。御疏「和气离散，四支以之坚强」。", "有识": "有情之类，谓人。御疏「前明有识，此举无情」。", "无情": "无识知者，谓草木。御疏「无情者以气聚散为荣枯」。", "支节": "肢节。成疏「人生存有命，则支节柔弱」。", "条柯": "枝茎。成疏「草木之类，生时软脆，及其死也，条柯枯槁」。", "敷荣": "枝叶开盛。御疏「气聚而生，故枝叶敷荣而柔脆」。", "条干变衰": "枝干改而枯衰。御疏「气竭而死，则条干变衰而枯槁」。", "全生保年": "御注语，谓守柔弱则生全年永。", "亡身失性": "御注语，谓为强梁则身丧性失。", "生死之戒": "御疏语，谓柔弱坚强之辨所以为生死之警戒。", "见哀者胜": "御注语，承六十九章「抗兵相若，哀者胜矣」，以慈与哀为兵家之枢。", "用兵有言": "御疏引六十九章「用兵有言，吾不敢为主为客」，以证兵以慈为主。", "物之所恶": "王弼注语，谓强兵暴于天下则为物所共恶。", "物所加也": "王弼释「木强则共」四字，谓外物加其上。", "木之本也": "王弼释「强大处下」，谓根本强大而反处下。", "枝条是也": "王弼释「柔弱处上」，谓处上者即柔弱之枝条。", "双举二喻以况刚柔": "成玄英科段第一别，谓一身与草木两喻并举。", "合喻辩其胜劣": "成玄英科段第二别，谓结言生死之徒类。", "法喻并陈重结其义": "成玄英科段第三别，谓兵、木二法与喻并陈。", "料简胜劣": "成玄英章义语，谓简别刚柔之优劣，故次此章于七十五章后。", "生生之人翻致轻死": "成玄英章义语，承七十五章「以其求生之厚」。", "忘生之者反获长生": "成玄英章义语，承七十五章「夫唯无以生为者」。", "调正南昌": "成玄英章义骈文语，南昌谓道教注生之府。", "酆都北帝": "成玄英章义骈文语，酆都谓北帝握死籍之府。", "风云之润": "成玄英章义骈文语，喻柔弱得全。", "金石之坚": "成玄英章义骈文语，喻刚强可销。", "坚则坚而可销": "成玄英章义语，谓至坚者终可销铄。", "润则润而无瘼": "成玄英章义语，谓长润者无病。瘼，病也。", "柔弱者长生，虚心者仙矣": "成玄英章义结语，归柔弱于长生、虚心于仙。", "和气归": "成疏语，谓生而柔软由和气之归。", "和气离": "成疏语，谓死而坚强由和气之离。", "去刚用柔": "成疏语，谓举有识无识为喻意在勖励学人。", "乖于和理": "成疏语，谓行刚强者背于和理，故与死为类。", "三毒六根": "成疏释「兵」之语，以身心之毒代士卒之兵。", "纵恣六情": "成疏语，谓六情强暴前境而贪取无厌。", "枝条共压其上": "成疏语，以木之粗强者受枝条共压。", "椽瓦压其上也": "成疏语，「亦犹梀栋宏壮，故椽瓦压其上」。梀，原卷疑「榱」之讹。", "九幽之下": "成疏语，道教谓极下之幽府，以喻坚强者之位。", "三清之上": "成疏语，道教谓极上之清境，以喻柔弱之士。", "神在身": "严遵辑文语，谓柔弱由神在人身、血气流行。", "骨弱筋柔": "严遵辑文语。", "舌缩体伸": "严遵辑文语，谓死后形容之状，即「坚强」。", "柔弱婴孩也，坚强少壮也": "严遵辑文语，以年齿喻刚柔之渐。", "血气方刚": "严遵辑文语，谓少壮则衰老将至。", "夷人宗庙": "严遵辑文语，谓恃强之兵毁人宗庙。", "丧人社稷": "严遵辑文语。", "众弱四应": "严遵辑文语，谓众弱之家四方相应以攻一强。", "小不载大，轻不载重": "严遵辑文语，本《庄子·逍遥游》杯水坳堂之义。", "强人不得为王": "严遵辑文语。", "莫柔弱于气": "李荣注语，翻用七十八章「莫柔弱于水」之句式。", "屈伸由己": "李荣注语，谓道气存则身无不遂。", "动静任神": "李荣注语。", "顺心无逆": "李荣注语，「顺心无逆，从事摩违」。摩违，犹抵触。", "怡神": "李荣注语，谓养神。", "命殒": "李荣注语，谓神逝而命陨。", "聚寡为众": "李荣注语，谓集寡弱以攻强。", "务修德以柔弱": "李荣注语，谓本章之旨。", "饰兵以坚强": "李荣注语，与上句对。", "生者人之所欣": "李荣注语，以欣戚释上下。", "死者物之所戚": "李荣注语。", "同归于此": "陆希声传语，谓人与万物同归生死柔弱坚强之理。", "守柔弱恶坚强": "陆希声传语。", "诸侯共加其国": "陆希声传语，以说「兵强则不胜」。", "强干大本": "陆希声传语，谓木之粗大者常处下。", "柔条弱枝": "陆希声传语，谓木之柔弱者常处上。", "况于人乎，况于国乎": "陆希声传结语，由木及人与国。", "无形而不争": "吕惠卿传语，以道之无形立柔弱之宗。", "以有形喻之": "吕惠卿传语，谓借人身草木有形者说无形之道。", "我骄而敌谋": "吕惠卿传语，谓兵强则恃之而骄，敌国乘之。", "木强则伐": "吕惠卿传语，谓伐木所以「共而举之」。", "天以炁在上": "吕惠卿传语，「炁」即「气」之异体。", "臣以有为事上": "吕惠卿传语，以臣君释柔弱坚强之居上下。", "君以无为畜下": "吕惠卿传语。魏源引作「君以无为任下」。", "冲气": "苏辙注语，谓四十二章冲气以为和之冲气。", "至理": "苏辙注语，谓事之本理。", "兵以义胜": "苏辙注语，谓义不在强。", "精者在上": "苏辙注语，以精粗释柔弱强大之居上下。", "肌肤柔软而活动": "吴澄注语，全就形骸说柔弱。", "冷硬而强直": "吴澄注语。", "不得其死": "吴澄注语，谓坚强者不能尽其天年。", "示弱者谋深": "吴澄注语，引兵法以说不胜之由。", "始如处女": "吴澄注引《孙子·九地》「始如处女，敌人开户」。", "后如脱兔": "吴澄注引《孙子·九地》「后如脱兔，敌不及距」。", "超乘三百": "吴澄注事，出《左传·僖公三十三年》秦过周北门超乘者三百乘，卒败于殽。", "桀石投人": "吴澄注事，出《左传·成公二年》齐逢丑父、晋战于鞌事，齐师败绩。", "合拱之大干": "吴澄注语，谓近根两手围之粗干。", "近末之小枝": "吴澄注语，谓枝梢之弱而摇动者。", "矜己凌人": "吴澄注语，谓坚强者必蹶其贵高。", "为众所尊戴": "吴澄注语，谓柔弱者得处人上。", "先自化而后化民": "憨山解语，谓本章为上者设。", "结句乃本意": "憨山解语，谓「强大处下，柔弱处上」为一章主意。", "此土众生，其性刚强": "憨山引《法华经·方便品》语。", "虚心无为不敢": "憨山解语，「不敢」兼用六十九章「不敢为天下先」。", "兵喻戒惧": "憨山解语，以兵说临事而惧。", "木喻心虚": "憨山解语，以枝条冲气说虚心之生意。", "临事而惧": "憨山用《论语·述而》语。", "柔弱翕受": "憨山解语，「翕受」取《易·系辞》坤德之义。", "坚强自用": "憨山解语，谓敢于好为则无生意。", "体道之贵柔": "魏源引吕惠卿语。", "李嘉谟": "魏源《本义》所引宋人李氏嘉谟之说，其书本站未收，故只附魏源所引一条。", "吉凶悔吝": "魏源引李嘉谟语，出《易·系辞》。", "老子书将终": "魏源源案语，谓七十六至七十八章对举柔弱刚强之得失。", "胜兵为韵": "魏源校记语，谓「木强则兵」与「不胜」为韵，故改「共」作「兵」。", "彊": "「强」之异体，陆希声本经传多用之。" }, "lexicon": { "note": "由构建脚本从字词注与常用字表生成，供义位词典和开放数据集使用；occurrence 统计按繁体与简体正文分别匹配后合并。", "entries": [ { "order": 1, "id": "n001", "noteId": "n001", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "柔弱", "headwordSimp": "柔弱", "pinyin": "róu ruò", "gloss": "柔軟而弱，指有生之時血氣和柔。", "glossSimp": "柔软而弱，指有生之时血气和柔。", "general": "河上公謂人生含和氣抱精神故柔弱；御注謂生之柔弱是和氣全，御疏謂和氣流行百體以之柔弱；成玄英謂存有命則支節柔弱；李榮謂人受生必資道氣，存則屈伸由己；嚴遵輯文謂神在身、血氣流行、骨弱筋柔；蘇轍以沖氣在焉則體無堅強之病；吳澄謂肌膚柔軟而活動可以屈伸；陸希聲、呂惠卿、憨山並謂柔弱者生之徒，呂惠卿更推為體道之貴柔。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓人生含和气抱精神故柔弱；御注谓生之柔弱是和气全，御疏谓和气流行百体以之柔弱；成玄英谓存有命则支节柔弱；李荣谓人受生必资道气，存则屈伸由己；严遵辑文谓神在身、血气流行、骨弱筋柔；苏辙以冲气在焉则体无坚强之病；吴澄谓肌肤柔软而活动可以屈伸；陆希声、吕惠卿、憨山并谓柔弱者生之徒，吕惠卿更推为体道之贵柔。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c001", "c011", "c013", "c017", "c020", "c026", "c029", "c034", "c035", "c036", "c040", "c044", "c046" ], "refsSimp": [ "c001", "c011", "c013", "c017", "c020", "c026", "c029", "c034", "c035", "c036", "c040", "c044", "c046" ], "forms": [ { "form": "柔弱", "formSimp": "柔弱", "kind": "headword", "count": 3, "sentenceIds": [ "s001", "s003", "s005" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001", "s003", "s005" ], "occurrenceCount": 3 }, { "order": 2, "id": "n002", "noteId": "n002", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "堅強", "headwordSimp": "坚强", "pinyin": "jiān qiáng", "gloss": "堅硬強直，指既死之後和氣散盡。", "glossSimp": "坚硬强直，指既死之后和气散尽。", "general": "河上公謂人死和氣竭精神亡故堅強；御注謂死之堅強是和氣散，御疏謂和氣離散四支以之堅強；成玄英謂骨肉堅強由和氣離；李榮謂不能保氣、神逝命殞則不能轉動；嚴遵輯文謂神去於身、形容枯槁、舌縮體伸；吳澄謂冷硬而強直不能屈伸；陸希聲謂聖人守柔弱惡堅強。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓人死和气竭精神亡故坚强；御注谓死之坚强是和气散，御疏谓和气离散四支以之坚强；成玄英谓骨肉坚强由和气离；李荣谓不能保气、神逝命殒则不能转动；严遵辑文谓神去于身、形容枯槁、舌缩体伸；吴澄谓冷硬而强直不能屈伸；陆希声谓圣人守柔弱恶坚强。", "variants": [ "堅彊" ], "variantsSimp": [ "坚彊" ], "refs": [ "c001", "c013", "c017", "c020", "c026", "c029", "c040", "c044", "c046" ], "refsSimp": [ "c001", "c013", "c017", "c020", "c026", "c029", "c040", "c044", "c046" ], "forms": [ { "form": "堅強", "formSimp": "坚强", "kind": "headword", "count": 2, "sentenceIds": [ "s001", "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001", "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 2 }, { "order": 3, "id": "n003", "noteId": "n003", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "柔脆", "headwordSimp": "柔脆", "pinyin": "róu cuì", "gloss": "柔軟脆嫩，草木方生之貌。", "glossSimp": "柔软脆嫩，草木方生之貌。", "general": "王弼本、河上公並作「柔脆」，蘇轍、魏源及成玄英疏引作「柔弱」，魏源校記謂「柔弱一作柔脆」。河上公訓為和氣存，御疏謂氣聚而生故枝葉敷榮而柔脆，吳澄謂枝莖軟脆，憨山所見經文與河上公同。「脆」河上公音「七歲反」。", "generalSimp": "王弼本、河上公并作「柔脆」，苏辙、魏源及成玄英疏引作「柔弱」，魏源校记谓「柔弱一作柔脆」。河上公训为和气存，御疏谓气聚而生故枝叶敷荣而柔脆，吴澄谓枝茎软脆，憨山所见经文与河上公同。「脆」河上公音「七岁反」。", "variants": [ "柔弱" ], "variantsSimp": [ "柔弱" ], "refs": [ "c002", "c013", "c017", "c021", "c030", "c040", "c047" ], "refsSimp": [ "c002", "c013", "c017", "c021", "c030", "c040", "c047" ], "forms": [ { "form": "柔脆", "formSimp": "柔脆", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] }, { "form": "柔弱", "formSimp": "柔弱", "kind": "variant", "count": 3, "sentenceIds": [ "s001", "s003", "s005" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001", "s002", "s003", "s005" ], "occurrenceCount": 4 }, { "order": 4, "id": "n004", "noteId": "n004", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "枯槁", "headwordSimp": "枯槁", "pinyin": "kū gǎo", "gloss": "乾枯槁折，草木既死之貌。", "glossSimp": "干枯槁折，草木既死之貌。", "general": "河上公訓為和氣去；御疏謂氣竭而死則條幹變衰而枯槁；成玄英謂條柯枯槁由和氣離；李榮謂無氣故死；吳澄謂枯槁堅硬；嚴遵輯文以「形容枯槁」說人身之死。「槁」河上公音「苦老反」。", "generalSimp": "河上公训为和气去；御疏谓气竭而死则条干变衰而枯槁；成玄英谓条柯枯槁由和气离；李荣谓无气故死；吴澄谓枯槁坚硬；严遵辑文以「形容枯槁」说人身之死。「槁」河上公音「苦老反」。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c002", "c013", "c017", "c021", "c026", "c030", "c040", "c046" ], "refsSimp": [ "c002", "c013", "c017", "c021", "c026", "c030", "c040", "c046" ], "forms": [ { "form": "枯槁", "formSimp": "枯槁", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 5, "id": "n005", "noteId": "n005", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "死之徒", "headwordSimp": "死之徒", "pinyin": "sǐ zhī tú", "gloss": "近死的一類。徒，類也。", "glossSimp": "近死的一类。徒，类也。", "general": "成玄英、御疏並訓「徒」為類；河上公謂以人身草木二事觀之，知堅強者死；御注以「欲明守柔弱者全生保年，為強梁者亡身失性」總括；李榮謂有識無情生死二理各有徒類；吳澄推為人之德行堅強者不得其死；憨山謂此二句乃借人物草木為喻。", "generalSimp": "成玄英、御疏并训「徒」为类；河上公谓以人身草木二事观之，知坚强者死；御注以「欲明守柔弱者全生保年，为强梁者亡身失性」总括；李荣谓有识无情生死二理各有徒类；吴澄推为人之德行坚强者不得其死；憨山谓此二句乃借人物草木为喻。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c003", "c011", "c014", "c017", "c022", "c026", "c031", "c041", "c044" ], "refsSimp": [ "c003", "c011", "c014", "c017", "c022", "c026", "c031", "c041", "c044" ], "forms": [ { "form": "死之徒", "formSimp": "死之徒", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 6, "id": "n006", "noteId": "n006", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "生之徒", "headwordSimp": "生之徒", "pinyin": "shēng zhī tú", "gloss": "有生的一類，謂柔弱順氣者。", "glossSimp": "有生的一类，谓柔弱顺气者。", "general": "成玄英謂行柔弱順於和氣故與生為徒；御疏謂為柔弱之行者是出生之類；李榮以「生者人之所欣」當之；嚴遵輯文謂柔弱者曰嬰孩、血氣方剛則死期不遠；呂惠卿謂柔弱而生、堅強而死，雖有形者已然，況體無形之道。", "generalSimp": "成玄英谓行柔弱顺于和气故与生为徒；御疏谓为柔弱之行者是出生之类；李荣以「生者人之所欣」当之；严遵辑文谓柔弱者曰婴孩、血气方刚则死期不远；吕惠卿谓柔弱而生、坚强而死，虽有形者已然，况体无形之道。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c003", "c014", "c017", "c022", "c026", "c031", "c033", "c035", "c041" ], "refsSimp": [ "c003", "c014", "c017", "c022", "c026", "c031", "c033", "c035", "c041" ], "forms": [ { "form": "生之徒", "formSimp": "生之徒", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 7, "id": "n007", "noteId": "n007", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "兵強", "headwordSimp": "兵强", "pinyin": "bīng qiáng", "gloss": "恃其兵之強。", "glossSimp": "恃其兵之强。", "general": "河上公謂強大之兵輕戰樂殺、毒流怨結，眾弱共一強故不勝；御注但云「見哀者勝，故知恃強者必敗」，御疏引六十九章「用兵有言，以慈為主」；王弼謂強兵以暴於天下者物之所惡；李榮謂不以德而固乃恃兵為強；蘇轍謂強而不義其敗必速；吳澄歷舉秦敗於殽、齊敗於鞌為恃強不勝之驗；憨山謂兵若臨事而懼不敢輕敵故能全師以自勝。", "generalSimp": "河上公谓强大之兵轻战乐杀、毒流怨结，众弱共一强故不胜；御注但云「见哀者胜，故知恃强者必败」，御疏引六十九章「用兵有言，以慈为主」；王弼谓强兵以暴于天下者物之所恶；李荣谓不以德而固乃恃兵为强；苏辙谓强而不义其败必速；吴澄历举秦败于殽、齐败于鞌为恃强不胜之验；憨山谓兵若临事而惧不敢轻敌故能全师以自胜。", "variants": [ "兵強者" ], "variantsSimp": [ "兵强者" ], "refs": [ "c004", "c007", "c015", "c018", "c023", "c027", "c032", "c034", "c035", "c037", "c042", "c045", "c046" ], "refsSimp": [ "c004", "c007", "c015", "c018", "c023", "c027", "c032", "c034", "c035", "c037", "c042", "c045", "c046" ], "forms": [ { "form": "兵強", "formSimp": "兵强", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 8, "id": "n008", "noteId": "n008", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "不勝", "headwordSimp": "不胜", "pinyin": "bù shèng", "gloss": "不能取勝。", "glossSimp": "不能取胜。", "general": "傅奕本「兵強」下有「者」字，魏源校記。御注以「見哀者勝」反形之；王弼謂故必不得勝；河上公謂眾弱共一強故不勝；嚴遵輯文謂親之者死、事之者禍，眾弱四應共為一強；成玄英獨以「兵謂三毒六根」解之，謂縱恣六情強暴前境者必遭重殃大禍。", "generalSimp": "傅奕本「兵强」下有「者」字，魏源校记。御注以「见哀者胜」反形之；王弼谓故必不得胜；河上公谓众弱共一强故不胜；严遵辑文谓亲之者死、事之者祸，众弱四应共为一强；成玄英独以「兵谓三毒六根」解之，谓纵恣六情强暴前境者必遭重殃大祸。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c004", "c007", "c015", "c018", "c023", "c027", "c032", "c037", "c042", "c043" ], "refsSimp": [ "c004", "c007", "c015", "c018", "c023", "c027", "c032", "c037", "c042", "c043" ], "forms": [ { "form": "不勝", "formSimp": "不胜", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 9, "id": "n009", "noteId": "n009", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "共", "headwordSimp": "共", "pinyin": "gōng", "gloss": "兩讀：一讀為「拱」，兩手合圍；一讀為「共生」之共，謂枝葉共加其上。", "glossSimp": "两读：一读为「拱」，两手合围；一读为「共生」之共，谓枝叶共加其上。", "general": "御注、御疏、李榮並讀為共生：木本強大故處於下，枝條柔弱共生於上；河上公四部叢刊本作「木強大枝弱，共生其上也」。蘇轍、吳澄、憨山讀為拱把：木自拱把以上必伐，共兩手所圍，成拱把則粗幹堅強者在下。王弼注「物所加也」四字，二讀可通，魏源遂據傅奕改「共」作「兵」，謂勝兵為韻。成玄英謂枝條共壓其上、椽瓦壓其上。", "generalSimp": "御注、御疏、李荣并读为共生：木本强大故处于下，枝条柔弱共生于上；河上公四部丛刊本作「木强大枝弱，共生其上也」。苏辙、吴澄、憨山读为拱把：木自拱把以上必伐，共两手所围，成拱把则粗干坚强者在下。王弼注「物所加也」四字，二读可通，魏源遂据傅奕改「共」作「兵」，谓胜兵为韵。成玄英谓枝条共压其上、椽瓦压其上。", "variants": [ "兵" ], "variantsSimp": [ "兵" ], "refs": [ "c005", "c008", "c015", "c019", "c024", "c032", "c038", "c042", "c045", "c047" ], "refsSimp": [ "c005", "c008", "c015", "c019", "c024", "c032", "c038", "c042", "c045", "c047" ], "forms": [ { "form": "共", "formSimp": "共", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] }, { "form": "兵", "formSimp": "兵", "kind": "variant", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 10, "id": "n010", "noteId": "n010", "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "強大", "headwordSimp": "强大", "pinyin": "qiáng dà", "gloss": "強硬粗大，謂木之根本、人之剛強。", "glossSimp": "强硬粗大，谓木之根本、人之刚强。", "general": "王弼注「木之本也」；御注、御疏以根本強大處下、枝條柔弱處上立說；陸希聲謂強幹大本常處於下；呂惠卿謂堅強居下、柔弱處上，以臣有為事上、君無為畜下明之；嚴遵謂強人為天下憂愁，強人不得為王；成玄英謂堅強之人居九幽之下；李榮以死為物之所慼、寧非下耶；憨山謂堅強自用、敢於好為則終無生意。", "generalSimp": "王弼注「木之本也」；御注、御疏以根本强大处下、枝条柔弱处上立说；陆希声谓强干大本常处于下；吕惠卿谓坚强居下、柔弱处上，以臣有为事上、君无为畜下明之；严遵谓强人为天下忧愁，强人不得为王；成玄英谓坚强之人居九幽之下；李荣以死为物之所戚、宁非下耶；憨山谓坚强自用、敢于好为则终无生意。", "variants": [ "堅強居下", "故堅強處下" ], "variantsSimp": [ "坚强居下", "故坚强处下" ], "refs": [ "c006", "c009", "c016", "c019", "c024", "c025", "c028", "c033", "c034", "c035", "c043", "c045", "c046" ], "refsSimp": [ "c006", "c009", "c016", "c019", "c024", "c025", "c028", "c033", "c034", "c035", "c043", "c045", "c046" ], "forms": [ { "form": "強大", "formSimp": "强大", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s005" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s005" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 11, "id": "n011", "noteId": "n011", "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "柔弱", "headwordSimp": "柔弱", "pinyin": "róu ruò", "gloss": "柔軟弱小，謂木之枝條、人之謙下。", "glossSimp": "柔软弱小，谓木之枝条、人之谦下。", "general": "王弼注「枝條是也」；河上公謂興物造功大木處下小物處上，天道抑強扶弱自然之效；御疏謂欲明強梁之人常在柔弱之下；陸希聲謂柔條弱枝常處於上；吳澄謂柔弱者為眾所尊戴而得處人上；蘇轍別以精粗釋之，謂精者在上、其精必柔弱；成玄英謂柔弱之士處三清之上；憨山謂戒懼虛心、柔弱翕受者方可處於民上。", "generalSimp": "王弼注「枝条是也」；河上公谓兴物造功大木处下小物处上，天道抑强扶弱自然之效；御疏谓欲明强梁之人常在柔弱之下；陆希声谓柔条弱枝常处于上；吴澄谓柔弱者为众所尊戴而得处人上；苏辙别以精粗释之，谓精者在上、其精必柔弱；成玄英谓柔弱之士处三清之上；憨山谓戒惧虚心、柔弱翕受者方可处于民上。", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [ "c006", "c010", "c016", "c025", "c033", "c034", "c035", "c039", "c043", "c045", "c046" ], "refsSimp": [ "c006", "c010", "c016", "c025", "c033", "c034", "c035", "c039", "c043", "c045", "c046" ], "forms": [ { "form": "柔弱", "formSimp": "柔弱", "kind": "headword", "count": 3, "sentenceIds": [ "s001", "s003", "s005" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001", "s003", "s005" ], "occurrenceCount": 3 } ], "glossaryEntries": [ { "order": 12, "id": "g001", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "戒強第七十六", "headwordSimp": "戒强第七十六", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "河上公本章章題全稱。", "glossSimp": "河上公本章章题全称。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "戒強第七十六", "formSimp": "戒强第七十六", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 13, "id": "g002", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "戒強", "headwordSimp": "戒强", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "河上公本章章題，取「以強梁為可戒」之義。", "glossSimp": "河上公本章章题，取「以强梁为可戒」之义。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "戒強", "formSimp": "戒强", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 14, "id": "g003", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "人之生章", "headwordSimp": "人之生章", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "成玄英、呂惠卿本章章題。", "glossSimp": "成玄英、吕惠卿本章章题。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "人之生章", "formSimp": "人之生章", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 15, "id": "g004", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "人之生章第七十六", "headwordSimp": "人之生章第七十六", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "成玄英、呂惠卿本章章題全稱。", "glossSimp": "成玄英、吕惠卿本章章题全称。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "人之生章第七十六", "formSimp": "人之生章第七十六", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 16, "id": "g005", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "民之生章", "headwordSimp": "民之生章", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "蘇轍本章章題，其經文「人之生」亦作「民之生」。", "glossSimp": "苏辙本章章题，其经文「人之生」亦作「民之生」。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "民之生章", "formSimp": "民之生章", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 17, "id": "g006", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "民之生章第七十六", "headwordSimp": "民之生章第七十六", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "蘇轍本章章題全稱。", "glossSimp": "苏辙本章章题全称。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "民之生章第七十六", "formSimp": "民之生章第七十六", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 18, "id": "g007", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "右第六十三章", "headwordSimp": "右第六十三章", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "吳澄、魏源本章章次；二人分章與王弼本異，故並以此章為其第六十三章。", "glossSimp": "吴澄、魏源本章章次；二人分章与王弼本异，故并以此章为其第六十三章。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "右第六十三章", "formSimp": "右第六十三章", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 19, "id": "g008", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "柔弱", "headwordSimp": "柔弱", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "柔軟弱弱，謂有生之時血氣和柔。", "glossSimp": "柔软弱弱，谓有生之时血气和柔。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "柔弱", "formSimp": "柔弱", "kind": "headword", "count": 3, "sentenceIds": [ "s001", "s003", "s005" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001", "s003", "s005" ], "occurrenceCount": 3 }, { "order": 20, "id": "g009", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s001", "headword": "堅強", "headwordSimp": "坚强", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "堅硬強直，謂既死之後和氣散盡。陸希聲本多作「堅彊」。", "glossSimp": "坚硬强直，谓既死之后和气散尽。陆希声本多作「坚彊」。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "堅強", "formSimp": "坚强", "kind": "headword", "count": 2, "sentenceIds": [ "s001", "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s001", "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 2 }, { "order": 21, "id": "g010", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "柔脆", "headwordSimp": "柔脆", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "柔軟脆嫩，草木方生之貌。蘇轍、魏源本作「柔弱」。", "glossSimp": "柔软脆嫩，草木方生之貌。苏辙、魏源本作「柔弱」。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "柔脆", "formSimp": "柔脆", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 22, "id": "g011", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s002", "headword": "枯槁", "headwordSimp": "枯槁", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "乾枯槁折，草木既死之貌。", "glossSimp": "干枯槁折，草木既死之貌。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "枯槁", "formSimp": "枯槁", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s002" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s002" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 23, "id": "g012", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "徒", "headwordSimp": "徒", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "類也。成玄英、唐玄宗御疏並訓「徒」為「類」。", "glossSimp": "类也。成玄英、唐玄宗御疏并训「徒」为「类」。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "徒", "formSimp": "徒", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 24, "id": "g013", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "死之徒", "headwordSimp": "死之徒", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "近死的一類，謂行堅強者。", "glossSimp": "近死的一类，谓行坚强者。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "死之徒", "formSimp": "死之徒", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 25, "id": "g014", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s003", "headword": "生之徒", "headwordSimp": "生之徒", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "有生的一類，謂行柔弱者。", "glossSimp": "有生的一类，谓行柔弱者。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "生之徒", "formSimp": "生之徒", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s003" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s003" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 26, "id": "g015", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "兵強", "headwordSimp": "兵强", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "恃其兵之強。", "glossSimp": "恃其兵之强。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "兵強", "formSimp": "兵强", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 27, "id": "g016", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "不勝", "headwordSimp": "不胜", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "不能取勝。傅奕本「兵強」下有「者」字。", "glossSimp": "不能取胜。傅奕本「兵强」下有「者」字。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "不勝", "formSimp": "不胜", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 28, "id": "g017", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s004", "headword": "共", "headwordSimp": "共", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "兩讀：讀為「拱」則指兩手合圍之木，讀為「共生」之共則指枝葉共加其上。", "glossSimp": "两读：读为「拱」则指两手合围之木，读为「共生」之共则指枝叶共加其上。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "共", "formSimp": "共", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s004" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s004" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 29, "id": "g018", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "兩手所圍", "headwordSimp": "两手所围", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "吳澄訓「共」之語，即拱把之大。", "glossSimp": "吴澄训「共」之语，即拱把之大。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "兩手所圍", "formSimp": "两手所围", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 30, "id": "g019", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "拱把", "headwordSimp": "拱把", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "樹木粗可兩手合圍之時，蘇轍謂「木自拱把以上必伐矣」。", "glossSimp": "树木粗可两手合围之时，苏辙谓「木自拱把以上必伐矣」。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "拱把", "formSimp": "拱把", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 31, "id": "g020", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "強大", "headwordSimp": "强大", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "強硬粗大，謂木之根本與人之剛強。", "glossSimp": "强硬粗大，谓木之根本与人之刚强。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "強大", "formSimp": "强大", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s005" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s005" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 32, "id": "g021", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "處下", "headwordSimp": "处下", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "居於下位，謂根本與剛強者。", "glossSimp": "居于下位，谓根本与刚强者。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "處下", "formSimp": "处下", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s005" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s005" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 33, "id": "g022", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "s005", "headword": "處上", "headwordSimp": "处上", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "居於上位，謂枝條與柔弱者。", "glossSimp": "居于上位，谓枝条与柔弱者。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "處上", "formSimp": "处上", "kind": "headword", "count": 1, "sentenceIds": [ "s005" ] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [ "s005" ], "occurrenceCount": 1 }, { "order": 34, "id": "g023", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "和氣", "headwordSimp": "和气", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "生人之氣。河上公、成玄英、御注御疏並以此釋柔弱堅強之故。", "glossSimp": "生人之气。河上公、成玄英、御注御疏并以此释柔弱坚强之故。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "和氣", "formSimp": "和气", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 35, "id": "g024", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "百體", "headwordSimp": "百体", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "周身骨肉。御疏「和氣流行，百體以之柔弱」。", "glossSimp": "周身骨肉。御疏「和气流行，百体以之柔弱」。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "百體", "formSimp": "百体", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 36, "id": "g025", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "四支", "headwordSimp": "四支", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "四肢。御疏「和氣離散，四支以之堅強」。", "glossSimp": "四肢。御疏「和气离散，四支以之坚强」。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "四支", "formSimp": "四支", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 37, "id": "g026", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "有識", "headwordSimp": "有识", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "有情之類，謂人。御疏「前明有識，此舉無情」。", "glossSimp": "有情之类，谓人。御疏「前明有识，此举无情」。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "有識", "formSimp": "有识", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 38, "id": "g027", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "無情", "headwordSimp": "无情", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "無識知者，謂草木。御疏「無情者以氣聚散為榮枯」。", "glossSimp": "无识知者，谓草木。御疏「无情者以气聚散为荣枯」。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "無情", "formSimp": "无情", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 39, "id": "g028", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "支節", "headwordSimp": "支节", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "肢節。成疏「人生存有命，則支節柔弱」。", "glossSimp": "肢节。成疏「人生存有命，则支节柔弱」。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "支節", "formSimp": "支节", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 40, "id": "g029", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "條柯", "headwordSimp": "条柯", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "枝莖。成疏「草木之類，生時軟脆，及其死也，條柯枯槁」。", "glossSimp": "枝茎。成疏「草木之类，生时软脆，及其死也，条柯枯槁」。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "條柯", "formSimp": "条柯", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 41, "id": "g030", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "敷榮", "headwordSimp": "敷荣", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "枝葉開盛。御疏「氣聚而生，故枝葉敷榮而柔脆」。", "glossSimp": "枝叶开盛。御疏「气聚而生，故枝叶敷荣而柔脆」。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "敷榮", "formSimp": "敷荣", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 42, "id": "g031", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "條幹變衰", "headwordSimp": "条干变衰", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "枝幹改而枯衰。御疏「氣竭而死，則條幹變衰而枯槁」。", "glossSimp": "枝干改而枯衰。御疏「气竭而死，则条干变衰而枯槁」。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "條幹變衰", "formSimp": "条干变衰", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 43, "id": "g032", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "全生保年", "headwordSimp": "全生保年", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "御注語，謂守柔弱則生全年永。", "glossSimp": "御注语，谓守柔弱则生全年永。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "全生保年", "formSimp": "全生保年", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 44, "id": "g033", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "亡身失性", "headwordSimp": "亡身失性", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "御注語，謂為強梁則身喪性失。", "glossSimp": "御注语，谓为强梁则身丧性失。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "亡身失性", "formSimp": "亡身失性", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 45, "id": "g034", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "生死之戒", "headwordSimp": "生死之戒", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "御疏語，謂柔弱堅強之辨所以為生死之警戒。", "glossSimp": "御疏语，谓柔弱坚强之辨所以为生死之警戒。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "生死之戒", "formSimp": "生死之戒", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 46, "id": "g035", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "見哀者勝", "headwordSimp": "见哀者胜", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "御注語，承六十九章「抗兵相若，哀者勝矣」，以慈與哀為兵家之樞。", "glossSimp": "御注语，承六十九章「抗兵相若，哀者胜矣」，以慈与哀为兵家之枢。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "見哀者勝", "formSimp": "见哀者胜", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 47, "id": "g036", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "用兵有言", "headwordSimp": "用兵有言", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "御疏引六十九章「用兵有言，吾不敢為主為客」，以證兵以慈為主。", "glossSimp": "御疏引六十九章「用兵有言，吾不敢为主为客」，以证兵以慈为主。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "用兵有言", "formSimp": "用兵有言", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 48, "id": "g037", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "物之所惡", "headwordSimp": "物之所恶", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "王弼注語，謂強兵暴於天下則為物所共惡。", "glossSimp": "王弼注语，谓强兵暴于天下则为物所共恶。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "物之所惡", "formSimp": "物之所恶", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 49, "id": "g038", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "物所加也", "headwordSimp": "物所加也", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "王弼釋「木強則共」四字，謂外物加其上。", "glossSimp": "王弼释「木强则共」四字，谓外物加其上。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "物所加也", "formSimp": "物所加也", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 50, "id": "g039", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "木之本也", "headwordSimp": "木之本也", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "王弼釋「強大處下」，謂根本強大而反處下。", "glossSimp": "王弼释「强大处下」，谓根本强大而反处下。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "木之本也", "formSimp": "木之本也", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 51, "id": "g040", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "枝條是也", "headwordSimp": "枝条是也", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "王弼釋「柔弱處上」，謂處上者即柔弱之枝條。", "glossSimp": "王弼释「柔弱处上」，谓处上者即柔弱之枝条。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "枝條是也", "formSimp": "枝条是也", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 52, "id": "g041", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "雙舉二喻以況剛柔", "headwordSimp": "双举二喻以况刚柔", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "成玄英科段第一別，謂一身與草木兩喻並舉。", "glossSimp": "成玄英科段第一别，谓一身与草木两喻并举。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "雙舉二喻以況剛柔", "formSimp": "双举二喻以况刚柔", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 53, "id": "g042", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "合喻辯其勝劣", "headwordSimp": "合喻辩其胜劣", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "成玄英科段第二別，謂結言生死之徒類。", "glossSimp": "成玄英科段第二别，谓结言生死之徒类。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "合喻辯其勝劣", "formSimp": "合喻辩其胜劣", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 54, "id": "g043", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "法喻並陳重結其義", "headwordSimp": "法喻并陈重结其义", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "成玄英科段第三別，謂兵、木二法與喻並陳。", "glossSimp": "成玄英科段第三别，谓兵、木二法与喻并陈。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "法喻並陳重結其義", "formSimp": "法喻并陈重结其义", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 55, "id": "g044", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "料簡勝劣", "headwordSimp": "料简胜劣", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "成玄英章義語，謂簡別剛柔之優劣，故次此章於七十五章後。", "glossSimp": "成玄英章义语，谓简别刚柔之优劣，故次此章于七十五章后。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "料簡勝劣", "formSimp": "料简胜劣", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 56, "id": "g045", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "生生之人翻致輕死", "headwordSimp": "生生之人翻致轻死", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "成玄英章義語，承七十五章「以其求生之厚」。", "glossSimp": "成玄英章义语，承七十五章「以其求生之厚」。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "生生之人翻致輕死", "formSimp": "生生之人翻致轻死", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 57, "id": "g046", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "忘生之者反獲長生", "headwordSimp": "忘生之者反获长生", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "成玄英章義語，承七十五章「夫唯無以生為者」。", "glossSimp": "成玄英章义语，承七十五章「夫唯无以生为者」。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "忘生之者反獲長生", "formSimp": "忘生之者反获长生", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 58, "id": "g047", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "調正南昌", "headwordSimp": "调正南昌", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "成玄英章義駢文語，南昌謂道教注生之府。", "glossSimp": "成玄英章义骈文语，南昌谓道教注生之府。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "調正南昌", "formSimp": "调正南昌", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 59, "id": "g048", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "酆都北帝", "headwordSimp": "酆都北帝", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "成玄英章義駢文語，酆都謂北帝握死籍之府。", "glossSimp": "成玄英章义骈文语，酆都谓北帝握死籍之府。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "酆都北帝", "formSimp": "酆都北帝", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 60, "id": "g049", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "風雲之潤", "headwordSimp": "风云之润", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "成玄英章義駢文語，喻柔弱得全。", "glossSimp": "成玄英章义骈文语，喻柔弱得全。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "風雲之潤", "formSimp": "风云之润", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 61, "id": "g050", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "金石之堅", "headwordSimp": "金石之坚", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "成玄英章義駢文語，喻剛強可銷。", "glossSimp": "成玄英章义骈文语，喻刚强可销。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "金石之堅", "formSimp": "金石之坚", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 62, "id": "g051", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "堅則堅而可銷", "headwordSimp": "坚则坚而可销", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "成玄英章義語，謂至堅者終可銷鑠。", "glossSimp": "成玄英章义语，谓至坚者终可销铄。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "堅則堅而可銷", "formSimp": "坚则坚而可销", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 63, "id": "g052", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "潤則潤而無瘼", "headwordSimp": "润则润而无瘼", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "成玄英章義語，謂長潤者無病。瘼，病也。", "glossSimp": "成玄英章义语，谓长润者无病。瘼，病也。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "潤則潤而無瘼", "formSimp": "润则润而无瘼", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 64, "id": "g053", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "柔弱者長生，虛心者仙矣", "headwordSimp": "柔弱者长生，虚心者仙矣", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "成玄英章義結語，歸柔弱於長生、虛心於仙。", "glossSimp": "成玄英章义结语，归柔弱于长生、虚心于仙。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "柔弱者長生，虛心者仙矣", "formSimp": "柔弱者长生，虚心者仙矣", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 65, "id": "g054", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "和氣歸", "headwordSimp": "和气归", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "成疏語，謂生而柔軟由和氣之歸。", "glossSimp": "成疏语，谓生而柔软由和气之归。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "和氣歸", "formSimp": "和气归", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 66, "id": "g055", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "和氣離", "headwordSimp": "和气离", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "成疏語，謂死而堅強由和氣之離。", "glossSimp": "成疏语，谓死而坚强由和气之离。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "和氣離", "formSimp": "和气离", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 67, "id": "g056", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "去剛用柔", "headwordSimp": "去刚用柔", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "成疏語，謂舉有識無識為喻意在勖勵學人。", "glossSimp": "成疏语，谓举有识无识为喻意在勖励学人。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "去剛用柔", "formSimp": "去刚用柔", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 68, "id": "g057", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "乖於和理", "headwordSimp": "乖于和理", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "成疏語，謂行剛強者背於和理，故與死為類。", "glossSimp": "成疏语，谓行刚强者背于和理，故与死为类。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "乖於和理", "formSimp": "乖于和理", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 69, "id": "g058", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "三毒六根", "headwordSimp": "三毒六根", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "成疏釋「兵」之語，以身心之毒代士卒之兵。", "glossSimp": "成疏释「兵」之语，以身心之毒代士卒之兵。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "三毒六根", "formSimp": "三毒六根", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 70, "id": "g059", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "縱恣六情", "headwordSimp": "纵恣六情", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "成疏語，謂六情強暴前境而貪取無厭。", "glossSimp": "成疏语，谓六情强暴前境而贪取无厌。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "縱恣六情", "formSimp": "纵恣六情", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 71, "id": "g060", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "枝條共壓其上", "headwordSimp": "枝条共压其上", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "成疏語，以木之粗強者受枝條共壓。", "glossSimp": "成疏语，以木之粗强者受枝条共压。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "枝條共壓其上", "formSimp": "枝条共压其上", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 72, "id": "g061", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "椽瓦壓其上也", "headwordSimp": "椽瓦压其上也", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "成疏語，「亦猶梀棟宏壯，故椽瓦壓其上」。梀，原卷疑「榱」之訛。", "glossSimp": "成疏语，「亦犹梀栋宏壮，故椽瓦压其上」。梀，原卷疑「榱」之讹。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "椽瓦壓其上也", "formSimp": "椽瓦压其上也", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 73, "id": "g062", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "九幽之下", "headwordSimp": "九幽之下", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "成疏語，道教謂極下之幽府，以喻堅強者之位。", "glossSimp": "成疏语，道教谓极下之幽府，以喻坚强者之位。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "九幽之下", "formSimp": "九幽之下", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 74, "id": "g063", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "三清之上", "headwordSimp": "三清之上", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "成疏語，道教謂極上之清境，以喻柔弱之士。", "glossSimp": "成疏语，道教谓极上之清境，以喻柔弱之士。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "三清之上", "formSimp": "三清之上", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 75, "id": "g064", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "神在身", "headwordSimp": "神在身", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "嚴遵輯文語，謂柔弱由神在人身、血氣流行。", "glossSimp": "严遵辑文语，谓柔弱由神在人身、血气流行。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "神在身", "formSimp": "神在身", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 76, "id": "g065", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "骨弱筋柔", "headwordSimp": "骨弱筋柔", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "嚴遵輯文語。", "glossSimp": "严遵辑文语。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "骨弱筋柔", "formSimp": "骨弱筋柔", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 77, "id": "g066", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "舌縮體伸", "headwordSimp": "舌缩体伸", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "嚴遵輯文語，謂死後形容之狀，即「堅強」。", "glossSimp": "严遵辑文语，谓死后形容之状，即「坚强」。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "舌縮體伸", "formSimp": "舌缩体伸", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 78, "id": "g067", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "柔弱嬰孩也，堅強少壯也", "headwordSimp": "柔弱婴孩也，坚强少壮也", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "嚴遵輯文語，以年齒喻剛柔之漸。", "glossSimp": "严遵辑文语，以年齿喻刚柔之渐。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "柔弱嬰孩也，堅強少壯也", "formSimp": "柔弱婴孩也，坚强少壮也", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 79, "id": "g068", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "血氣方剛", "headwordSimp": "血气方刚", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "嚴遵輯文語，謂少壯則衰老將至。", "glossSimp": "严遵辑文语，谓少壮则衰老将至。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "血氣方剛", "formSimp": "血气方刚", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 80, "id": "g069", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "夷人宗廟", "headwordSimp": "夷人宗庙", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "嚴遵輯文語，謂恃強之兵毀人宗廟。", "glossSimp": "严遵辑文语，谓恃强之兵毁人宗庙。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "夷人宗廟", "formSimp": "夷人宗庙", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 81, "id": "g070", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "喪人社稷", "headwordSimp": "丧人社稷", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "嚴遵輯文語。", "glossSimp": "严遵辑文语。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "喪人社稷", "formSimp": "丧人社稷", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 82, "id": "g071", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "眾弱四應", "headwordSimp": "众弱四应", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "嚴遵輯文語，謂眾弱之家四方相應以攻一強。", "glossSimp": "严遵辑文语，谓众弱之家四方相应以攻一强。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "眾弱四應", "formSimp": "众弱四应", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 83, "id": "g072", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "小不載大，輕不載重", "headwordSimp": "小不载大，轻不载重", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "嚴遵輯文語，本《莊子·逍遙遊》杯水坳堂之義。", "glossSimp": "严遵辑文语，本《庄子·逍遥游》杯水坳堂之义。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "小不載大，輕不載重", "formSimp": "小不载大，轻不载重", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 84, "id": "g073", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "強人不得為王", "headwordSimp": "强人不得为王", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "嚴遵輯文語。", "glossSimp": "严遵辑文语。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "強人不得為王", "formSimp": "强人不得为王", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 85, "id": "g074", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "莫柔弱於氣", "headwordSimp": "莫柔弱于气", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "李榮注語，翻用七十八章「莫柔弱於水」之句式。", "glossSimp": "李荣注语，翻用七十八章「莫柔弱于水」之句式。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "莫柔弱於氣", "formSimp": "莫柔弱于气", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 86, "id": "g075", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "屈伸由己", "headwordSimp": "屈伸由己", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "李榮注語，謂道氣存則身無不遂。", "glossSimp": "李荣注语，谓道气存则身无不遂。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "屈伸由己", "formSimp": "屈伸由己", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 87, "id": "g076", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "動靜任神", "headwordSimp": "动静任神", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "李榮注語。", "glossSimp": "李荣注语。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "動靜任神", "formSimp": "动静任神", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 88, "id": "g077", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "順心無逆", "headwordSimp": "顺心无逆", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "李榮注語，「順心無逆，從事摩違」。摩違，猶牴觸。", "glossSimp": "李荣注语，「顺心无逆，从事摩违」。摩违，犹抵触。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "順心無逆", "formSimp": "顺心无逆", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 89, "id": "g078", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "怡神", "headwordSimp": "怡神", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "李榮注語，謂養神。", "glossSimp": "李荣注语，谓养神。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "怡神", "formSimp": "怡神", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 90, "id": "g079", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "命殞", "headwordSimp": "命殒", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "李榮注語，謂神逝而命隕。", "glossSimp": "李荣注语，谓神逝而命陨。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "命殞", "formSimp": "命殒", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 91, "id": "g080", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "聚寡為眾", "headwordSimp": "聚寡为众", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "李榮注語，謂集寡弱以攻強。", "glossSimp": "李荣注语，谓集寡弱以攻强。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "聚寡為眾", "formSimp": "聚寡为众", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 92, "id": "g081", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "務修德以柔弱", "headwordSimp": "务修德以柔弱", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "李榮注語，謂本章之旨。", "glossSimp": "李荣注语，谓本章之旨。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "務修德以柔弱", "formSimp": "务修德以柔弱", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 93, "id": "g082", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "飾兵以堅強", "headwordSimp": "饰兵以坚强", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "李榮注語，與上句對。", "glossSimp": "李荣注语，与上句对。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "飾兵以堅強", "formSimp": "饰兵以坚强", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 94, "id": "g083", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "生者人之所欣", "headwordSimp": "生者人之所欣", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "李榮注語，以欣慼釋上下。", "glossSimp": "李荣注语，以欣戚释上下。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "生者人之所欣", "formSimp": "生者人之所欣", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 95, "id": "g084", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "死者物之所慼", "headwordSimp": "死者物之所戚", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "李榮注語。", "glossSimp": "李荣注语。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "死者物之所慼", "formSimp": "死者物之所戚", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 96, "id": "g085", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "同歸於此", "headwordSimp": "同归于此", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "陸希聲傳語，謂人與萬物同歸生死柔弱堅強之理。", "glossSimp": "陆希声传语，谓人与万物同归生死柔弱坚强之理。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "同歸於此", "formSimp": "同归于此", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 97, "id": "g086", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "守柔弱惡堅強", "headwordSimp": "守柔弱恶坚强", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "陸希聲傳語。", "glossSimp": "陆希声传语。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "守柔弱惡堅強", "formSimp": "守柔弱恶坚强", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 98, "id": "g087", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "諸侯共加其國", "headwordSimp": "诸侯共加其国", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "陸希聲傳語，以說「兵強則不勝」。", "glossSimp": "陆希声传语，以说「兵强则不胜」。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "諸侯共加其國", "formSimp": "诸侯共加其国", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 99, "id": "g088", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "強幹大本", "headwordSimp": "强干大本", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "陸希聲傳語，謂木之粗大者常處下。", "glossSimp": "陆希声传语，谓木之粗大者常处下。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "強幹大本", "formSimp": "强干大本", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 100, "id": "g089", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "柔條弱枝", "headwordSimp": "柔条弱枝", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "陸希聲傳語，謂木之柔弱者常處上。", "glossSimp": "陆希声传语，谓木之柔弱者常处上。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "柔條弱枝", "formSimp": "柔条弱枝", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 101, "id": "g090", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "況於人乎，況於國乎", "headwordSimp": "况于人乎，况于国乎", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "陸希聲傳結語，由木及人與國。", "glossSimp": "陆希声传结语，由木及人与国。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "況於人乎，況於國乎", "formSimp": "况于人乎，况于国乎", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 102, "id": "g091", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "無形而不爭", "headwordSimp": "无形而不争", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "呂惠卿傳語，以道之無形立柔弱之宗。", "glossSimp": "吕惠卿传语，以道之无形立柔弱之宗。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "無形而不爭", "formSimp": "无形而不争", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 103, "id": "g092", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "以有形喻之", "headwordSimp": "以有形喻之", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "呂惠卿傳語，謂借人身草木有形者說無形之道。", "glossSimp": "吕惠卿传语，谓借人身草木有形者说无形之道。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "以有形喻之", "formSimp": "以有形喻之", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 104, "id": "g093", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "我驕而敵謀", "headwordSimp": "我骄而敌谋", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "呂惠卿傳語，謂兵強則恃之而驕，敵國乘之。", "glossSimp": "吕惠卿传语，谓兵强则恃之而骄，敌国乘之。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "我驕而敵謀", "formSimp": "我骄而敌谋", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 105, "id": "g094", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "木強則伐", "headwordSimp": "木强则伐", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "呂惠卿傳語，謂伐木所以「共而舉之」。", "glossSimp": "吕惠卿传语，谓伐木所以「共而举之」。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "木強則伐", "formSimp": "木强则伐", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 106, "id": "g095", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "天以炁在上", "headwordSimp": "天以炁在上", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "呂惠卿傳語，「炁」即「氣」之異體。", "glossSimp": "吕惠卿传语，「炁」即「气」之异体。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "天以炁在上", "formSimp": "天以炁在上", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 107, "id": "g096", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "臣以有為事上", "headwordSimp": "臣以有为事上", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "呂惠卿傳語，以臣君釋柔弱堅強之居上下。", "glossSimp": "吕惠卿传语，以臣君释柔弱坚强之居上下。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "臣以有為事上", "formSimp": "臣以有为事上", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 108, "id": "g097", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "君以無為畜下", "headwordSimp": "君以无为畜下", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "呂惠卿傳語。魏源引作「君以無為任下」。", "glossSimp": "吕惠卿传语。魏源引作「君以无为任下」。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "君以無為畜下", "formSimp": "君以无为畜下", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 109, "id": "g098", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "沖氣", "headwordSimp": "冲气", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "蘇轍注語，謂四十二章沖氣以為和之沖氣。", "glossSimp": "苏辙注语，谓四十二章冲气以为和之冲气。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "沖氣", "formSimp": "冲气", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 110, "id": "g099", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "至理", "headwordSimp": "至理", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "蘇轍注語，謂事之本理。", "glossSimp": "苏辙注语，谓事之本理。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "至理", "formSimp": "至理", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 111, "id": "g100", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "兵以義勝", "headwordSimp": "兵以义胜", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "蘇轍注語，謂義不在強。", "glossSimp": "苏辙注语，谓义不在强。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "兵以義勝", "formSimp": "兵以义胜", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 112, "id": "g101", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "精者在上", "headwordSimp": "精者在上", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "蘇轍注語，以精粗釋柔弱強大之居上下。", "glossSimp": "苏辙注语，以精粗释柔弱强大之居上下。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "精者在上", "formSimp": "精者在上", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 113, "id": "g102", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "肌膚柔軟而活動", "headwordSimp": "肌肤柔软而活动", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "吳澄注語，全就形骸說柔弱。", "glossSimp": "吴澄注语，全就形骸说柔弱。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "肌膚柔軟而活動", "formSimp": "肌肤柔软而活动", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 114, "id": "g103", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "冷硬而強直", "headwordSimp": "冷硬而强直", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "吳澄注語。", "glossSimp": "吴澄注语。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "冷硬而強直", "formSimp": "冷硬而强直", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 115, "id": "g104", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "不得其死", "headwordSimp": "不得其死", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "吳澄注語，謂堅強者不能盡其天年。", "glossSimp": "吴澄注语，谓坚强者不能尽其天年。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "不得其死", "formSimp": "不得其死", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 116, "id": "g105", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "示弱者謀深", "headwordSimp": "示弱者谋深", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "吳澄注語，引兵法以說不勝之由。", "glossSimp": "吴澄注语，引兵法以说不胜之由。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "示弱者謀深", "formSimp": "示弱者谋深", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 117, "id": "g106", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "始如處女", "headwordSimp": "始如处女", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "吳澄注引《孫子·九地》「始如處女，敵人開戶」。", "glossSimp": "吴澄注引《孙子·九地》「始如处女，敌人开户」。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "始如處女", "formSimp": "始如处女", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 118, "id": "g107", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "後如脫兔", "headwordSimp": "后如脱兔", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "吳澄注引《孫子·九地》「後如脫兔，敵不及距」。", "glossSimp": "吴澄注引《孙子·九地》「后如脱兔，敌不及距」。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "後如脫兔", "formSimp": "后如脱兔", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 119, "id": "g108", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "超乘三百", "headwordSimp": "超乘三百", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "吳澄注事，出《左傳·僖公三十三年》秦過周北門超乘者三百乘，卒敗於殽。", "glossSimp": "吴澄注事，出《左传·僖公三十三年》秦过周北门超乘者三百乘，卒败于殽。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "超乘三百", "formSimp": "超乘三百", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 120, "id": "g109", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "桀石投人", "headwordSimp": "桀石投人", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "吳澄注事，出《左傳·成公二年》齊逢丑父、晉戰於鞌事，齊師敗績。", "glossSimp": "吴澄注事，出《左传·成公二年》齐逢丑父、晋战于鞌事，齐师败绩。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "桀石投人", "formSimp": "桀石投人", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 121, "id": "g110", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "合拱之大榦", "headwordSimp": "合拱之大干", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "吳澄注語，謂近根兩手圍之粗幹。", "glossSimp": "吴澄注语，谓近根两手围之粗干。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "合拱之大榦", "formSimp": "合拱之大干", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 122, "id": "g111", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "近末之小枝", "headwordSimp": "近末之小枝", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "吳澄注語，謂枝梢之弱而搖動者。", "glossSimp": "吴澄注语，谓枝梢之弱而摇动者。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "近末之小枝", "formSimp": "近末之小枝", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 123, "id": "g112", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "矜己凌人", "headwordSimp": "矜己凌人", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "吳澄注語，謂堅強者必蹶其貴高。", "glossSimp": "吴澄注语，谓坚强者必蹶其贵高。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "矜己凌人", "formSimp": "矜己凌人", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 124, "id": "g113", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "為眾所尊戴", "headwordSimp": "为众所尊戴", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "吳澄注語，謂柔弱者得處人上。", "glossSimp": "吴澄注语，谓柔弱者得处人上。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "為眾所尊戴", "formSimp": "为众所尊戴", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 125, "id": "g114", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "先自化而後化民", "headwordSimp": "先自化而后化民", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "憨山解語，謂本章為上者設。", "glossSimp": "憨山解语，谓本章为上者设。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "先自化而後化民", "formSimp": "先自化而后化民", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 126, "id": "g115", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "結句乃本意", "headwordSimp": "结句乃本意", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "憨山解語，謂「強大處下，柔弱處上」為一章主意。", "glossSimp": "憨山解语，谓「强大处下，柔弱处上」为一章主意。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "結句乃本意", "formSimp": "结句乃本意", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 127, "id": "g116", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "此土眾生，其性剛強", "headwordSimp": "此土众生，其性刚强", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "憨山引《法華經·方便品》語。", "glossSimp": "憨山引《法华经·方便品》语。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "此土眾生，其性剛強", "formSimp": "此土众生，其性刚强", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 128, "id": "g117", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "虛心無為不敢", "headwordSimp": "虚心无为不敢", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "憨山解語，「不敢」兼用六十九章「不敢為天下先」。", "glossSimp": "憨山解语，「不敢」兼用六十九章「不敢为天下先」。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "虛心無為不敢", "formSimp": "虚心无为不敢", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 129, "id": "g118", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "兵喻戒懼", "headwordSimp": "兵喻戒惧", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "憨山解語，以兵說臨事而懼。", "glossSimp": "憨山解语，以兵说临事而惧。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "兵喻戒懼", "formSimp": "兵喻戒惧", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 130, "id": "g119", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "木喻心虛", "headwordSimp": "木喻心虚", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "憨山解語，以枝條沖氣說虛心之生意。", "glossSimp": "憨山解语，以枝条冲气说虚心之生意。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "木喻心虛", "formSimp": "木喻心虚", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 131, "id": "g120", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "臨事而懼", "headwordSimp": "临事而惧", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "憨山用《論語·述而》語。", "glossSimp": "憨山用《论语·述而》语。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "臨事而懼", "formSimp": "临事而惧", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 132, "id": "g121", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "柔弱翕受", "headwordSimp": "柔弱翕受", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "憨山解語，「翕受」取《易·繫辭》坤德之義。", "glossSimp": "憨山解语，「翕受」取《易·系辞》坤德之义。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "柔弱翕受", "formSimp": "柔弱翕受", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 133, "id": "g122", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "堅強自用", "headwordSimp": "坚强自用", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "憨山解語，謂敢於好為則無生意。", "glossSimp": "憨山解语，谓敢于好为则无生意。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "堅強自用", "formSimp": "坚强自用", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 134, "id": "g123", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "體道之貴柔", "headwordSimp": "体道之贵柔", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "魏源引呂惠卿語。", "glossSimp": "魏源引吕惠卿语。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "體道之貴柔", "formSimp": "体道之贵柔", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 135, "id": "g124", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "李嘉謨", "headwordSimp": "李嘉谟", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "魏源《本義》所引宋人李氏嘉謨之說，其書本站未收，故只附魏源所引一條。", "glossSimp": "魏源《本义》所引宋人李氏嘉谟之说，其书本站未收，故只附魏源所引一条。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "李嘉謨", "formSimp": "李嘉谟", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 136, "id": "g125", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "吉凶悔吝", "headwordSimp": "吉凶悔吝", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "魏源引李嘉謨語，出《易·繫辭》。", "glossSimp": "魏源引李嘉谟语，出《易·系辞》。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "吉凶悔吝", "formSimp": "吉凶悔吝", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 137, "id": "g126", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "老子書將終", "headwordSimp": "老子书将终", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "魏源源案語，謂七十六至七十八章對舉柔弱剛強之得失。", "glossSimp": "魏源源案语，谓七十六至七十八章对举柔弱刚强之得失。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "老子書將終", "formSimp": "老子书将终", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 138, "id": "g127", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "勝兵為韻", "headwordSimp": "胜兵为韵", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "魏源校記語，謂「木強則兵」與「不勝」為韻，故改「共」作「兵」。", "glossSimp": "魏源校记语，谓「木强则兵」与「不胜」为韵，故改「共」作「兵」。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "勝兵為韻", "formSimp": "胜兵为韵", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 }, { "order": 139, "id": "g128", "noteId": "", "sentenceId": "", "headword": "彊", "headwordSimp": "彊", "pinyin": "", "gloss": "「強」之異體，陸希聲本經傳多用之。", "glossSimp": "「强」之异体，陆希声本经传多用之。", "general": "", "generalSimp": "", "variants": [], "variantsSimp": [], "refs": [], "refsSimp": [], "forms": [ { "form": "彊", "formSimp": "彊", "kind": "headword", "count": 0, "sentenceIds": [] } ], "occurrenceSentenceIds": [], "occurrenceCount": 0 } ] }, "relations": { "version": "1.0.0", "note": "第七十六章五句的十二家對照，為德經第三十九章。河上公此章據四部叢刊本、參《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引；王弼據道藏本而正文從通行本，其前三句闕注；成玄英、唐玄宗御注御疏、嚴遵、李榮據《玄德纂疏》卷十九所引；陸希聲、呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄據《道藏》本卷四；憨山、魏源據公開轉錄本。王夫之《老子衍》公開轉錄本止於第六十六章；俞樾《諸子平議》此章未列，故均不列。河上公題「戒強第七十六」；成玄英、呂惠卿並題「人之生章第七十六」；蘇轍題「民之生章第七十六」；王弼本、陸希聲本無章題；吳澄、魏源均以此章為其第六十三章。全章五句：首二句雙舉一身與草木之喻以況剛柔，第三句合二喻而判生死之徒，四、五句以兵、木二法申之，末以強大處下、柔弱處上定其位。河上公逐句質釋，以和氣之存亡竭去說柔弱堅強與柔脆枯槁，以眾弱共一強說兵強不勝，以木強枝葉共生其上說末二句；王弼止存四條，全就兵、木、本末立言，「物所加也」四字遂為後世兩讀之樞；成玄英立三別科段，章義以南昌注生、酆都握死籍對舉剛柔，其疏則專以理身說兵，謂兵即三毒六根，又以九幽、三清分上下；唐玄宗御注以和氣全散總括前段，御疏辨無情以氣聚散為榮枯、有識以道存亡為生死，讀「共」為枝條共生於上；嚴遵輯文以神去身、血氣竭說堅強，以眾弱四應共為一強說不勝，以「小不載大，輕不載重」說強人不得為王；李榮以莫柔弱於氣、莫柔弱於道立論，以欣慼釋上下；陸希聲由木喻推至人與國；呂惠卿以道之無形不起喻，以天地形炁、臣君有無為說，讀作「堅強居下」；蘇轍以沖氣、至理、義勝、拱把、精粗五節說之；吳澄全就形骸與物理立言，引殽、鞌兵事為恃強不勝之驗，訓「共」為兩手所圍；憨山以兵喻戒懼、木喻心虛，謂結句乃本意而上文皆借喻；魏源裒集呂、蘇、吳、李嘉謨四家而斷以源案，又據傅奕改「共」為「兵」，謂以勝兵為韻。諸家於「共」字有共生、拱把兩讀，於上下或主根本枝條、或主精粗清濁，於兵或指士卒、或指六根，取徑不同而皆以柔弱為生之徒、堅強為死之徒。", "concepts": [ { "id": "ren-sheng-rou-ruo-si-qiang", "name": "人之生也柔弱，其死也堅強", "nameTrad": "人之生也柔弱，其死也堅強", "question": "一身之死生，何以足為剛柔之證？", "questionTrad": "一身之死生，何以足為剛柔之證？", "intro": "此組聚於首二句。河上公以人生含和氣抱精神故柔弱、人死和氣竭精神亡故堅強，全就氣之存亡立說。成玄英標章義「柔弱之類必獲長生，剛強之徒體歸死滅」，其疏歷言支節柔弱、骨肉堅強、條柯枯槁，結云舉有識無識為喻意在勖勵學人令去剛用柔。唐玄宗御注以和氣全、和氣散總括，御疏分層：柔弱堅強為生死之戒，無情以氣聚散為榮枯，有識以道存亡為生死。嚴遵輯文以神在身則血氣流行、骨弱筋柔，神去於身則形容枯槁、舌縮體伸，又以嬰孩、少壯推其漸。李榮推到氣與道之源，謂天下莫柔弱於氣、氣莫柔弱於道，人受生必資道氣，不能保氣則氣竭身亡。陸希聲謂人與萬物同歸於此，是以聖人守柔弱、惡堅強。呂惠卿以道之無形不爭而立喻，謂雖有形者亦以堅強而死、柔弱而生，況體無形之道而不致其柔弱。蘇轍以沖氣在焉則體無堅強之病總括前段。吳澄全就形骸說，謂肌膚柔軟活動可以屈伸、死則冷硬強直不能屈伸。憨山謂此章傷世人之難化、欲在上者當先自化，乃借人物草木為喻。魏源裒呂、蘇、吳、李之說，斷以體道之貴柔。諸家於此段或主氣、或主神、或主道，皆以身之死生為柔弱堅強最切之驗。", "introTrad": "此組聚於首二句。河上公以人生含和氣抱精神故柔弱、人死和氣竭精神亡故堅強，全就氣之存亡立說。成玄英標章義「柔弱之類必獲長生，剛強之徒體歸死滅」，其疏歷言支節柔弱、骨肉堅強、條柯枯槁，結云舉有識無識為喻意在勖勵學人令去剛用柔。唐玄宗御注以和氣全、和氣散總括，御疏分層：柔弱堅強為生死之戒，無情以氣聚散為榮枯，有識以道存亡為生死。嚴遵輯文以神在身則血氣流行、骨弱筋柔，神去於身則形容枯槁、舌縮體伸，又以嬰孩、少壯推其漸。李榮推到氣與道之源，謂天下莫柔弱於氣、氣莫柔弱於道，人受生必資道氣，不能保氣則氣竭身亡。陸希聲謂人與萬物同歸於此，是以聖人守柔弱、惡堅強。呂惠卿以道之無形不爭而立喻，謂雖有形者亦以堅強而死、柔弱而生，況體無形之道而不致其柔弱。蘇轍以沖氣在焉則體無堅強之病總括前段。吳澄全就形骸說，謂肌膚柔軟活動可以屈伸、死則冷硬強直不能屈伸。憨山謂此章傷世人之難化、欲在上者當先自化，乃借人物草木為喻。魏源裒呂、蘇、吳、李之說，斷以體道之貴柔。諸家於此段或主氣、或主神、或主道，皆以身之死生為柔弱堅強最切之驗。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "人生含和氣抱精神故柔弱，人死和氣竭精神亡故堅強。", "thesisTrad": "人生含和氣抱精神故柔弱，人死和氣竭精神亡故堅強。", "noteIds": [ "c001", "c002" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "人生含和气抱精神故柔弱，人死和气竭精神亡故坚强。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "存有命則支節柔弱，死則骨肉堅強；舉有識無識為喻，勖學人去剛用柔。", "thesisTrad": "存有命則支節柔弱，死則骨肉堅強；舉有識無識為喻，勖學人去剛用柔。", "noteIds": [ "c011", "c012", "c013" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "存有命则支节柔弱，死则骨肉坚强；举有识无识为喻，勖学人去刚用柔。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "生之柔弱和氣全，死之堅強和氣散；無情以氣聚散為榮枯，有識以道存亡為生死。", "thesisTrad": "生之柔弱和氣全，死之堅強和氣散；無情以氣聚散為榮枯，有識以道存亡為生死。", "noteIds": [ "c017", "c020", "c021" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "生之柔弱和气全，死之坚强和气散；无情以气聚散为荣枯，有识以道存亡为生死。" }, "yanzun": { "workType": "輯文", "workTypeTrad": "輯文", "thesis": "神在身則血氣流行、骨弱筋柔，神去於身則形容枯槁、舌縮體伸。", "thesisTrad": "神在身則血氣流行、骨弱筋柔，神去於身則形容枯槁、舌縮體伸。", "noteIds": [ "c026" ], "workTypeSimp": "辑文", "thesisSimp": "神在身则血气流行、骨弱筋柔，神去于身则形容枯槁、舌缩体伸。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "人受生必資道氣，存則屈伸由己；不能保氣、未解怡神則命殞身喪。", "thesisTrad": "人受生必資道氣，存則屈伸由己；不能保氣、未解怡神則命殞身喪。", "noteIds": [ "c029", "c030" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "人受生必资道气，存则屈伸由己；不能保气、未解怡神则命殒身丧。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "生則柔弱、死則堅強，人與萬物同歸於此，是以聖人守柔弱、惡堅強。", "thesisTrad": "生則柔弱、死則堅強，人與萬物同歸於此，是以聖人守柔弱、惡堅強。", "noteIds": [ "c034" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "生则柔弱、死则坚强，人与万物同归于此，是以圣人守柔弱、恶坚强。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "道無形而不爭，故以有形喻之；有形者尚以堅強而死，況體無形之道。", "thesisTrad": "道無形而不爭，故以有形喻之；有形者尚以堅強而死，況體無形之道。", "noteIds": [ "c035" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "道无形而不争，故以有形喻之；有形者尚以坚强而死，况体无形之道。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "沖氣在焉則體無堅強之病，至理在焉則事無堅強之累。", "thesisTrad": "沖氣在焉則體無堅強之病，至理在焉則事無堅強之累。", "noteIds": [ "c036" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "冲气在焉则体无坚强之病，至理在焉则事无坚强之累。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "肌膚柔軟活動可以屈伸，死則冷硬強直；因言人而並及草木。", "thesisTrad": "肌膚柔軟活動可以屈伸，死則冷硬強直；因言人而並及草木。", "noteIds": [ "c040" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "肌肤柔软活动可以屈伸，死则冷硬强直；因言人而并及草木。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "傷世人之難化，欲在上者先自化，乃借人物草木為喻。", "thesisTrad": "傷世人之難化，欲在上者先自化，乃借人物草木為喻。", "noteIds": [ "c044" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "伤世人之难化，欲在上者先自化，乃借人物草木为喻。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "裒呂、蘇、吳、李嘉謨之說，斷以體道之貴柔；老子書將終，故對舉剛柔得失。", "thesisTrad": "裒呂、蘇、吳、李嘉謨之說，斷以體道之貴柔；老子書將終，故對舉剛柔得失。", "noteIds": [ "c046", "c047" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "裒吕、苏、吴、李嘉谟之说，断以体道之贵柔；老子书将终，故对举刚柔得失。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c001", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公以和氣之抱、竭說一身之柔弱堅強。", "textTrad": "河上公以和氣之抱、竭說一身之柔弱堅強。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公以和气之抱、竭说一身之柔弱坚强。" }, { "noteId": "c011", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英立三別，以雙舉二喻為第一別。", "textTrad": "成玄英立三別，以雙舉二喻為第一別。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英立三别，以双举二喻为第一别。" }, { "noteId": "c012", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "章義駢文以南昌注生、酆都握死籍對舉剛柔。", "textTrad": "章義駢文以南昌注生、酆都握死籍對舉剛柔。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "章义骈文以南昌注生、酆都握死籍对举刚柔。" }, { "noteId": "c017", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "御注以一氣之全散括前段三句。", "textTrad": "御注以一氣之全散括前段三句。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "御注以一气之全散括前段三句。" }, { "noteId": "c021", "relation": "御疏", "relationTrad": "御疏", "text": "御疏分無情氣聚散、有識道存亡兩層。", "textTrad": "御疏分無情氣聚散、有識道存亡兩層。", "relationSimp": "御疏", "textSimp": "御疏分无情气聚散、有识道存亡两层。" }, { "noteId": "c026", "relation": "轉深", "relationTrad": "轉深", "text": "嚴遵輯文自神與血氣推之，並以嬰孩少壯為漸。", "textTrad": "嚴遵輯文自神與血氣推之，並以嬰孩少壯為漸。", "relationSimp": "转深", "textSimp": "严遵辑文自神与血气推之，并以婴孩少壮为渐。" }, { "noteId": "c029", "relation": "轉進", "relationTrad": "轉進", "text": "李榮由氣推道，謂人受生必資道氣。", "textTrad": "李榮由氣推道，謂人受生必資道氣。", "relationSimp": "转进", "textSimp": "李荣由气推道，谓人受生必资道气。" }, { "noteId": "c035", "relation": "異解", "relationTrad": "異解", "text": "呂惠卿以無形之道待此喻，謂喻止為道設。", "textTrad": "呂惠卿以無形之道待此喻，謂喻止為道設。", "relationSimp": "异解", "textSimp": "吕惠卿以无形之道待此喻，谓喻止为道设。" }, { "noteId": "c040", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄只就肌膚屈伸說，不別設理身之喻。", "textTrad": "吳澄只就肌膚屈伸說，不別設理身之喻。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄只就肌肤屈伸说，不别设理身之喻。" }, { "noteId": "c044", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "憨山謂上文皆借喻、結句乃本意。", "textTrad": "憨山謂上文皆借喻、結句乃本意。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "憨山谓上文皆借喻、结句乃本意。" } ], "nameSimp": "人之生也柔弱，其死也坚强", "questionSimp": "一身之死生，何以足为刚柔之证？", "introSimp": "此组聚于首二句。河上公以人生含和气抱精神故柔弱、人死和气竭精神亡故坚强，全就气之存亡立说。成玄英标章义「柔弱之类必获长生，刚强之徒体归死灭」，其疏历言支节柔弱、骨肉坚强、条柯枯槁，结云举有识无识为喻意在勖励学人令去刚用柔。唐玄宗御注以和气全、和气散总括，御疏分层：柔弱坚强为生死之戒，无情以气聚散为荣枯，有识以道存亡为生死。严遵辑文以神在身则血气流行、骨弱筋柔，神去于身则形容枯槁、舌缩体伸，又以婴孩、少壮推其渐。李荣推到气与道之源，谓天下莫柔弱于气、气莫柔弱于道，人受生必资道气，不能保气则气竭身亡。陆希声谓人与万物同归于此，是以圣人守柔弱、恶坚强。吕惠卿以道之无形不争而立喻，谓虽有形者亦以坚强而死、柔弱而生，况体无形之道而不致其柔弱。苏辙以冲气在焉则体无坚强之病总括前段。吴澄全就形骸说，谓肌肤柔软活动可以屈伸、死则冷硬强直不能屈伸。憨山谓此章伤世人之难化、欲在上者当先自化，乃借人物草木为喻。魏源裒吕、苏、吴、李之说，断以体道之贵柔。诸家于此段或主气、或主神、或主道，皆以身之死生为柔弱坚强最切之验。" }, { "id": "jian-qiang-si-tu-rou-ruo-sheng-tu", "name": "堅強者死之徒，柔弱者生之徒", "nameTrad": "堅強者死之徒，柔弱者生之徒", "question": "剛柔既分，如何便是生死兩類？", "questionTrad": "剛柔既分，如何便是生死兩類？", "intro": "此組聚於第三句，是全章斷語。河上公只以「以其上二事觀之」一句收身、物兩喻，最質直。成玄英訓「徒，類也」，謂行剛強者乖於和理故與死為類、行柔弱順於和氣故與生為徒，其科段以此為「合喻辯其勝劣」。唐玄宗御注於此申言「守柔弱者全生保年，為強梁者亡身失性」，御疏謂草木生柔死堅，則知人為堅強之行是入死之徒、為柔弱之行是出生之類。嚴遵輯文通篇以神、氣、血氣說徒類，謂血氣方剛則死期不遠。李榮止一句結上二理。陸希聲謂人與萬物同歸。呂惠卿據此推出「雖有形者亦以堅強而死、柔弱而生」。蘇轍以沖氣、至理免「病」「累」，說同而詞異。吳澄推到人之德行，謂堅強者不得其死、柔弱者善保其生。憨山直指二句為借喻所結。魏源引李嘉謨，謂柔弱近於無為、剛強涉於有為，有為則吉凶悔吝隨之，是徒類之說由養生轉入涉世之得失。", "introTrad": "此組聚於第三句，是全章斷語。河上公只以「以其上二事觀之」一句收身、物兩喻，最質直。成玄英訓「徒，類也」，謂行剛強者乖於和理故與死為類、行柔弱順於和氣故與生為徒，其科段以此為「合喻辯其勝劣」。唐玄宗御注於此申言「守柔弱者全生保年，為強梁者亡身失性」，御疏謂草木生柔死堅，則知人為堅強之行是入死之徒、為柔弱之行是出生之類。嚴遵輯文通篇以神、氣、血氣說徒類，謂血氣方剛則死期不遠。李榮止一句結上二理。陸希聲謂人與萬物同歸。呂惠卿據此推出「雖有形者亦以堅強而死、柔弱而生」。蘇轍以沖氣、至理免「病」「累」，說同而詞異。吳澄推到人之德行，謂堅強者不得其死、柔弱者善保其生。憨山直指二句為借喻所結。魏源引李嘉謨，謂柔弱近於無為、剛強涉於有為，有為則吉凶悔吝隨之，是徒類之說由養生轉入涉世之得失。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "以其上二事觀之，知堅強者死、柔弱者生。", "thesisTrad": "以其上二事觀之，知堅強者死、柔弱者生。", "noteIds": [ "c003" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "以其上二事观之，知坚强者死、柔弱者生。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "徒，類也。行剛強者乖於和理，與死為類；行柔弱順於和氣，與生為徒。", "thesisTrad": "徒，類也。行剛強者乖於和理，與死為類；行柔弱順於和氣，與生為徒。", "noteIds": [ "c014" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "徒，类也。行刚强者乖于和理，与死为类；行柔弱顺于和气，与生为徒。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "守柔弱者全生保年，為強梁者亡身失性；為堅強之行是入死之徒。", "thesisTrad": "守柔弱者全生保年，為強梁者亡身失性；為堅強之行是入死之徒。", "noteIds": [ "c017", "c022" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "守柔弱者全生保年，为强梁者亡身失性；为坚强之行是入死之徒。" }, "yanzun": { "workType": "輯文", "workTypeTrad": "輯文", "thesis": "血氣方剛則衰老將至，死期不遠，強盛所致。", "thesisTrad": "血氣方剛則衰老將至，死期不遠，強盛所致。", "noteIds": [ "c026" ], "workTypeSimp": "辑文", "thesisSimp": "血气方刚则衰老将至，死期不远，强盛所致。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "結上有識無情生死二理，各有徒類。", "thesisTrad": "結上有識無情生死二理，各有徒類。", "noteIds": [ "c031" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "结上有识无情生死二理，各有徒类。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "人與萬物同歸於生死柔弱堅強之理。", "thesisTrad": "人與萬物同歸於生死柔弱堅強之理。", "noteIds": [ "c034" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "人与万物同归于生死柔弱坚强之理。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "雖有形者亦以堅強而死、柔弱而生，況體無形之道。", "thesisTrad": "雖有形者亦以堅強而死、柔弱而生，況體無形之道。", "noteIds": [ "c035" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "虽有形者亦以坚强而死、柔弱而生，况体无形之道。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "沖氣在焉則體無堅強之病，至理在焉則事無堅強之累。", "thesisTrad": "沖氣在焉則體無堅強之病，至理在焉則事無堅強之累。", "noteIds": [ "c036" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "冲气在焉则体无坚强之病，至理在焉则事无坚强之累。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "推此物理，人之德行堅強者不得其死，柔弱者善保其生。", "thesisTrad": "推此物理，人之德行堅強者不得其死，柔弱者善保其生。", "noteIds": [ "c041" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "推此物理，人之德行坚强者不得其死，柔弱者善保其生。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "全篇專尚柔弱而斥剛強，故借人物草木為喻以結此二句。", "thesisTrad": "全篇專尚柔弱而斥剛強，故借人物草木為喻以結此二句。", "noteIds": [ "c044" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "全篇专尚柔弱而斥刚强，故借人物草木为喻以结此二句。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "引李嘉謨：柔弱近於無為，剛強涉於有為，有為則吉凶悔吝隨之。", "thesisTrad": "引李嘉謨：柔弱近於無為，剛強涉於有為，有為則吉凶悔吝隨之。", "noteIds": [ "c046" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "引李嘉谟：柔弱近于无为，刚强涉于有为，有为则吉凶悔吝随之。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c003", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "河上公止以二事觀之收束兩喻。", "textTrad": "河上公止以二事觀之收束兩喻。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "河上公止以二事观之收束两喻。" }, { "noteId": "c014", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英訓徒為類，以和理之順乖定生死。", "textTrad": "成玄英訓徒為類，以和理之順乖定生死。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英训徒为类，以和理之顺乖定生死。" }, { "noteId": "c011", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "此句當其科段第二別「合喻辯其勝劣」。", "textTrad": "此句當其科段第二別「合喻辯其勝劣」。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "此句当其科段第二别「合喻辩其胜劣」。" }, { "noteId": "c017", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "御注由徒類推出全生保年與亡身失性之判。", "textTrad": "御注由徒類推出全生保年與亡身失性之判。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "御注由徒类推出全生保年与亡身失性之判。" }, { "noteId": "c022", "relation": "御疏", "relationTrad": "御疏", "text": "御疏以入死之徒、出生之類對舉。", "textTrad": "御疏以入死之徒、出生之類對舉。", "relationSimp": "御疏", "textSimp": "御疏以入死之徒、出生之类对举。" }, { "noteId": "c026", "relation": "輯文", "relationTrad": "輯文", "text": "嚴遵輯文以嬰孩、少壯明剛柔之漸。", "textTrad": "嚴遵輯文以嬰孩、少壯明剛柔之漸。", "relationSimp": "辑文", "textSimp": "严遵辑文以婴孩、少壮明刚柔之渐。" }, { "noteId": "c031", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "李榮只一句結上二理，更不枝蔓。", "textTrad": "李榮只一句結上二理，更不枝蔓。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "李荣只一句结上二理，更不枝蔓。" }, { "noteId": "c041", "relation": "轉進", "relationTrad": "轉進", "text": "吳澄自物理推到人之德行不得其死。", "textTrad": "吳澄自物理推到人之德行不得其死。", "relationSimp": "转进", "textSimp": "吴澄自物理推到人之德行不得其死。" }, { "noteId": "c046", "relation": "本義", "relationTrad": "本義", "text": "魏源引李嘉謨，由養生轉入有為之悔吝。", "textTrad": "魏源引李嘉謨，由養生轉入有為之悔吝。", "relationSimp": "本义", "textSimp": "魏源引李嘉谟，由养生转入有为之悔吝。" } ], "nameSimp": "坚强者死之徒，柔弱者生之徒", "questionSimp": "刚柔既分，如何便是生死两类？", "introSimp": "此组聚于第三句，是全章断语。河上公只以「以其上二事观之」一句收身、物两喻，最质直。成玄英训「徒，类也」，谓行刚强者乖于和理故与死为类、行柔弱顺于和气故与生为徒，其科段以此为「合喻辩其胜劣」。唐玄宗御注于此申言「守柔弱者全生保年，为强梁者亡身失性」，御疏谓草木生柔死坚，则知人为坚强之行是入死之徒、为柔弱之行是出生之类。严遵辑文通篇以神、气、血气说徒类，谓血气方刚则死期不远。李荣止一句结上二理。陆希声谓人与万物同归。吕惠卿据此推出「虽有形者亦以坚强而死、柔弱而生」。苏辙以冲气、至理免「病」「累」，说同而词异。吴澄推到人之德行，谓坚强者不得其死、柔弱者善保其生。憨山直指二句为借喻所结。魏源引李嘉谟，谓柔弱近于无为、刚强涉于有为，有为则吉凶悔吝随之，是徒类之说由养生转入涉世之得失。" }, { "id": "bing-qiang-ze-bu-sheng", "name": "兵強則不勝", "nameTrad": "兵強則不勝", "question": "恃強之兵，何以必於不勝？", "questionTrad": "恃強之兵，何以必於不勝？", "intro": "此組聚於第四句上半，是本章由喻入法之處。王弼以「強兵以暴於天下者，物之所惡也，故必不得勝」立說，把不勝之由放在天下共惡之上。河上公言其情狀：強大之兵輕戰樂殺，毒流怨結，故眾弱共為一強而攻之。嚴遵輯文鋪舉利人土壤、欲人財貨、夷人宗廟、喪人社稷四條，謂親之者死、事之者禍。李榮謂不以德而固、乃恃兵為強，聚寡為眾、扶弱為強，反共攻之則有不勝。成玄英別開一讀，以「兵謂三毒六根」，謂縱恣六情強暴前境者必遭重殃大禍。唐玄宗御注止八字：「見哀者勝，故知恃強者必敗也」，御疏引六十九章「用兵有言，以慈為主」為證，是與上章最分明的關連。蘇轍以義釋勝：兵以義勝者非強，強而不義其敗必速。呂惠卿描其心術：兵強則恃之而驕，而敵國之所謀，我驕而敵謀，則所以不勝。陸希聲謂兵強於眾則諸侯共加其國，全用王弼「物所加」之義。吳澄歷舉秦過周超乘三百敗於殽、齊入晉桀石投人敗於鞌，以兵事證經。憨山反而說兵若臨事而懼、不敢輕敵，故能全師以自勝。魏源則據傅奕校「兵強」下「者」字，又以「兵驕則敗」括呂惠卿之說。", "introTrad": "此組聚於第四句上半，是本章由喻入法之處。王弼以「強兵以暴於天下者，物之所惡也，故必不得勝」立說，把不勝之由放在天下共惡之上。河上公言其情狀：強大之兵輕戰樂殺，毒流怨結，故眾弱共為一強而攻之。嚴遵輯文鋪舉利人土壤、欲人財貨、夷人宗廟、喪人社稷四條，謂親之者死、事之者禍。李榮謂不以德而固、乃恃兵為強，聚寡為眾、扶弱為強，反共攻之則有不勝。成玄英別開一讀，以「兵謂三毒六根」，謂縱恣六情強暴前境者必遭重殃大禍。唐玄宗御注止八字：「見哀者勝，故知恃強者必敗也」，御疏引六十九章「用兵有言，以慈為主」為證，是與上章最分明的關連。蘇轍以義釋勝：兵以義勝者非強，強而不義其敗必速。呂惠卿描其心術：兵強則恃之而驕，而敵國之所謀，我驕而敵謀，則所以不勝。陸希聲謂兵強於眾則諸侯共加其國，全用王弼「物所加」之義。吳澄歷舉秦過周超乘三百敗於殽、齊入晉桀石投人敗於鞌，以兵事證經。憨山反而說兵若臨事而懼、不敢輕敵，故能全師以自勝。魏源則據傅奕校「兵強」下「者」字，又以「兵驕則敗」括呂惠卿之說。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "強大之兵輕戰樂殺，毒流怨結，眾弱共一強，故不勝。", "thesisTrad": "強大之兵輕戰樂殺，毒流怨結，眾弱共一強，故不勝。", "noteIds": [ "c004" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "强大之兵轻战乐杀，毒流怨结，众弱共一强，故不胜。" }, "wangbi": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "強兵以暴於天下者，物之所惡也，故必不得勝。", "thesisTrad": "強兵以暴於天下者，物之所惡也，故必不得勝。", "noteIds": [ "c007" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "强兵以暴于天下者，物之所恶也，故必不得胜。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "兵謂三毒六根，縱恣六情強暴前境者必遭重殃大禍。", "thesisTrad": "兵謂三毒六根，縱恣六情強暴前境者必遭重殃大禍。", "noteIds": [ "c015" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "兵谓三毒六根，纵恣六情强暴前境者必遭重殃大祸。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "見哀者勝，故知恃強者必敗；用兵有言，以慈為主。", "thesisTrad": "見哀者勝，故知恃強者必敗；用兵有言，以慈為主。", "noteIds": [ "c018", "c023" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "见哀者胜，故知恃强者必败；用兵有言，以慈为主。" }, "yanzun": { "workType": "輯文", "workTypeTrad": "輯文", "thesis": "兵以恃強，夷人宗廟、喪人社稷以顯其威，眾弱四應共為一強故不勝。", "thesisTrad": "兵以恃強，夷人宗廟、喪人社稷以顯其威，眾弱四應共為一強故不勝。", "noteIds": [ "c027" ], "workTypeSimp": "辑文", "thesisSimp": "兵以恃强，夷人宗庙、丧人社稷以显其威，众弱四应共为一强故不胜。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "不以德而固，乃恃兵為強；聚寡為眾、扶弱為強，反共攻之。", "thesisTrad": "不以德而固，乃恃兵為強；聚寡為眾、扶弱為強，反共攻之。", "noteIds": [ "c032" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "不以德而固，乃恃兵为强；聚寡为众、扶弱为强，反共攻之。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "兵強於眾，則諸侯共加其國矣。", "thesisTrad": "兵強於眾，則諸侯共加其國矣。", "noteIds": [ "c034" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "兵强于众，则诸侯共加其国矣。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "兵強則恃之而驕，我驕而敵謀，此其所以不勝。", "thesisTrad": "兵強則恃之而驕，我驕而敵謀，此其所以不勝。", "noteIds": [ "c035" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "兵强则恃之而骄，我骄而敌谋，此其所以不胜。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "兵以義勝者非強，強而不義，其敗必速。", "thesisTrad": "兵以義勝者非強，強而不義，其敗必速。", "noteIds": [ "c037" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "兵以义胜者非强，强而不义，其败必速。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "示弱者謀深而敵輕之故勝，恃強者慮淺而敵懼之故不勝，殽、鞌其驗。", "thesisTrad": "示弱者謀深而敵輕之故勝，恃強者慮淺而敵懼之故不勝，殽、鞌其驗。", "noteIds": [ "c042" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "示弱者谋深而敌轻之故胜，恃强者虑浅而敌惧之故不胜，殽、鞌其验。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "兵若臨事而懼、不敢輕敵，故能全師以自勝。", "thesisTrad": "兵若臨事而懼、不敢輕敵，故能全師以自勝。", "noteIds": [ "c045" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "兵若临事而惧、不敢轻敌，故能全师以自胜。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "以「兵驕則敗」括呂惠卿之說，又據傅奕校「兵強」下「者」字。", "thesisTrad": "以「兵驕則敗」括呂惠卿之說，又據傅奕校「兵強」下「者」字。", "noteIds": [ "c046", "c047" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "以「兵骄则败」括吕惠卿之说，又据傅奕校「兵强」下「者」字。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c007", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "王弼以物之所惡定不勝之由。", "textTrad": "王弼以物之所惡定不勝之由。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "王弼以物之所恶定不胜之由。" }, { "noteId": "c004", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "河上公寫輕戰樂殺、毒流怨結之狀。", "textTrad": "河上公寫輕戰樂殺、毒流怨結之狀。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "河上公写轻战乐杀、毒流怨结之状。" }, { "noteId": "c027", "relation": "輯文", "relationTrad": "輯文", "text": "嚴遵輯文鋪四條惡政，謂眾弱四應共為一強。", "textTrad": "嚴遵輯文鋪四條惡政，謂眾弱四應共為一強。", "relationSimp": "辑文", "textSimp": "严遵辑文铺四条恶政，谓众弱四应共为一强。" }, { "noteId": "c018", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "御注以見哀者勝一語轉到上章兵慈之義。", "textTrad": "御注以見哀者勝一語轉到上章兵慈之義。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "御注以见哀者胜一语转到上章兵慈之义。" }, { "noteId": "c023", "relation": "御疏", "relationTrad": "御疏", "text": "御疏明引六十九章用兵有言以慈為主。", "textTrad": "御疏明引六十九章用兵有言以慈為主。", "relationSimp": "御疏", "textSimp": "御疏明引六十九章用兵有言以慈为主。" }, { "noteId": "c015", "relation": "別解", "relationTrad": "別解", "text": "成玄英以三毒六根當兵，全就理身說不勝。", "textTrad": "成玄英以三毒六根當兵，全就理身說不勝。", "relationSimp": "别解", "textSimp": "成玄英以三毒六根当兵，全就理身说不胜。" }, { "noteId": "c032", "relation": "申說", "relationTrad": "申說", "text": "李榮謂以德固與恃兵強之相反，勸務修德。", "textTrad": "李榮謂以德固與恃兵強之相反，勸務修德。", "relationSimp": "申说", "textSimp": "李荣谓以德固与恃兵强之相反，劝务修德。" }, { "noteId": "c034", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "陸希聲以諸侯共加其國，正演王弼物所加之義。", "textTrad": "陸希聲以諸侯共加其國，正演王弼物所加之義。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "陆希声以诸侯共加其国，正演王弼物所加之义。" }, { "noteId": "c035", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "呂惠卿移其因於驕與敵謀。", "textTrad": "呂惠卿移其因於驕與敵謀。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "吕惠卿移其因于骄与敌谋。" }, { "noteId": "c037", "relation": "異解", "relationTrad": "異解", "text": "蘇轍謂強而不義其敗必速。", "textTrad": "蘇轍謂強而不義其敗必速。", "relationSimp": "异解", "textSimp": "苏辙谓强而不义其败必速。" }, { "noteId": "c042", "relation": "申說", "relationTrad": "申說", "text": "吳澄引殽、鞌兩役為恃強不勝之驗。", "textTrad": "吳澄引殽、鞌兩役為恃強不勝之驗。", "relationSimp": "申说", "textSimp": "吴澄引殽、鞌两役为恃强不胜之验。" }, { "noteId": "c045", "relation": "異解", "relationTrad": "異解", "text": "憨山從臨事而懼說全師自勝，是為柔弱之兵立證。", "textTrad": "憨山從臨事而懼說全師自勝，是為柔弱之兵立證。", "relationSimp": "异解", "textSimp": "憨山从临事而惧说全师自胜，是为柔弱之兵立证。" } ], "nameSimp": "兵强则不胜", "questionSimp": "恃强之兵，何以必于不胜？", "introSimp": "此组聚于第四句上半，是本章由喻入法之处。王弼以「强兵以暴于天下者，物之所恶也，故必不得胜」立说，把不胜之由放在天下共恶之上。河上公言其情状：强大之兵轻战乐杀，毒流怨结，故众弱共为一强而攻之。严遵辑文铺举利人土壤、欲人财货、夷人宗庙、丧人社稷四条，谓亲之者死、事之者祸。李荣谓不以德而固、乃恃兵为强，聚寡为众、扶弱为强，反共攻之则有不胜。成玄英别开一读，以「兵谓三毒六根」，谓纵恣六情强暴前境者必遭重殃大祸。唐玄宗御注止八字：「见哀者胜，故知恃强者必败也」，御疏引六十九章「用兵有言，以慈为主」为证，是与上章最分明的关连。苏辙以义释胜：兵以义胜者非强，强而不义其败必速。吕惠卿描其心术：兵强则恃之而骄，而敌国之所谋，我骄而敌谋，则所以不胜。陆希声谓兵强于众则诸侯共加其国，全用王弼「物所加」之义。吴澄历举秦过周超乘三百败于殽、齐入晋桀石投人败于鞌，以兵事证经。憨山反而说兵若临事而惧、不敢轻敌，故能全师以自胜。魏源则据傅奕校「兵强」下「者」字，又以「兵骄则败」括吕惠卿之说。" }, { "id": "mu-qiang-ze-gong-liang-du", "name": "木強則共——共生與拱把兩讀", "nameTrad": "木強則共——共生與拱把兩讀", "question": "一個「共」字，何以生出兩家之說？", "questionTrad": "一個「共」字，何以生出兩家之說？", "intro": "此組專校第四句下半。王弼注「物所加也」四字，本未明言讀法，遂啟後世兩途。其一出唐玄宗御注御疏與李榮：木本強大故處於下，枝條柔弱共生於上，「共」讀如本字，謂枝葉共集其上；河上公四部叢刊本「木強大枝弱，共生其上也」正與此讀相合。其二出蘇轍「木自拱把以上必伐矣」、吳澄「共，兩手所圍也」與憨山自注「音拱，兩手合圍也」，以「共」為「拱」，言木既合拱則見伐。成玄英疏調其間，謂樹木粗強故枝條共壓其上、榱棟宏壯故椽瓦壓其上，仍以「共」為共聚之義而取其壓覆。呂惠卿「木強則伐，伐之所以共而舉之」則兼兩讀。魏源據傅奕逕改作「木強則兵」，自謂從王弼，以「勝」「兵」為韻，謂言木強被伐；然今道藏本王弼正作「共」，其說未必合於本文。陸希聲「木強於幹則枝葉共生其上」用第一讀，吳澄「近根合拱之大榦」用第二讀，二說俱存於本章字詞注。", "introTrad": "此組專校第四句下半。王弼注「物所加也」四字，本未明言讀法，遂啟後世兩途。其一出唐玄宗御注御疏與李榮：木本強大故處於下，枝條柔弱共生於上，「共」讀如本字，謂枝葉共集其上；河上公四部叢刊本「木強大枝弱，共生其上也」正與此讀相合。其二出蘇轍「木自拱把以上必伐矣」、吳澄「共，兩手所圍也」與憨山自注「音拱，兩手合圍也」，以「共」為「拱」，言木既合拱則見伐。成玄英疏調其間，謂樹木粗強故枝條共壓其上、榱棟宏壯故椽瓦壓其上，仍以「共」為共聚之義而取其壓覆。呂惠卿「木強則伐，伐之所以共而舉之」則兼兩讀。魏源據傅奕逕改作「木強則兵」，自謂從王弼，以「勝」「兵」為韻，謂言木強被伐；然今道藏本王弼正作「共」，其說未必合於本文。陸希聲「木強於幹則枝葉共生其上」用第一讀，吳澄「近根合拱之大榦」用第二讀，二說俱存於本章字詞注。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "木強大，枝葉共生其上。四部叢刊本作「木強大枝弱，共生其上也」。", "thesisTrad": "木強大，枝葉共生其上。四部叢刊本作「木強大枝弱，共生其上也」。", "noteIds": [ "c005" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "木强大，枝叶共生其上。四部丛刊本作「木强大枝弱，共生其上也」。" }, "wangbi": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "物所加也。四字未明讀法，為後世兩讀所自出。", "thesisTrad": "物所加也。四字未明讀法，為後世兩讀所自出。", "noteIds": [ "c008" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "物所加也。四字未明读法，为后世两读所自出。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "樹木粗強故枝條共壓其上，亦猶榱棟宏壯故椽瓦壓其上。", "thesisTrad": "樹木粗強故枝條共壓其上，亦猶榱棟宏壯故椽瓦壓其上。", "noteIds": [ "c015" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "树木粗强故枝条共压其上，亦犹榱栋宏壮故椽瓦压其上。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御注", "workTypeTrad": "御注", "thesis": "木本強大故處於下，枝條柔弱共生於上，蓋取柔弱在上、強梁者在下。", "thesisTrad": "木本強大故處於下，枝條柔弱共生於上，蓋取柔弱在上、強梁者在下。", "noteIds": [ "c019", "c024" ], "workTypeSimp": "御注", "thesisSimp": "木本强大故处于下，枝条柔弱共生于上，盖取柔弱在上、强梁者在下。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "木之強也枝葉共生其上，柱之強也梁棟鎮之於下。", "thesisTrad": "木之強也枝葉共生其上，柱之強也梁棟鎮之於下。", "noteIds": [ "c032" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "木之强也枝叶共生其上，柱之强也梁栋镇之于下。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "木強於幹則枝葉共生其上矣。", "thesisTrad": "木強於幹則枝葉共生其上矣。", "noteIds": [ "c034" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "木强于干则枝叶共生其上矣。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "木強則伐，伐之所以共而舉之也。", "thesisTrad": "木強則伐，伐之所以共而舉之也。", "noteIds": [ "c035" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "木强则伐，伐之所以共而举之也。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "木自拱把以上，必伐矣。", "thesisTrad": "木自拱把以上，必伐矣。", "noteIds": [ "c038" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "木自拱把以上，必伐矣。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "共，兩手所圍也；強而不搖動者為近根合拱之大榦。", "thesisTrad": "共，兩手所圍也；強而不搖動者為近根合拱之大榦。", "noteIds": [ "c042" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "共，两手所围也；强而不摇动者为近根合拱之大干。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "若成拱把，則粗幹堅強者在下矣；經文自注「音拱，兩手合圍也」。", "thesisTrad": "若成拱把，則粗幹堅強者在下矣；經文自注「音拱，兩手合圍也」。", "noteIds": [ "c045" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "若成拱把，则粗干坚强者在下矣；经文自注「音拱，两手合围也」。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "改作「木強則兵」，謂河上作共，此從王弼，以勝兵為韻，言木強被伐。", "thesisTrad": "改作「木強則兵」，謂河上作共，此從王弼，以勝兵為韻，言木強被伐。", "noteIds": [ "c047" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "改作「木强则兵」，谓河上作共，此从王弼，以胜兵为韵，言木强被伐。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c008", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "王弼「物所加也」四字兩義可通，是此讀之爭所由起。", "textTrad": "王弼「物所加也」四字兩義可通，是此讀之爭所由起。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "王弼「物所加也」四字两义可通，是此读之争所由起。" }, { "noteId": "c019", "relation": "御注", "relationTrad": "御注", "text": "御注以枝條柔弱共生於上釋「共」。", "textTrad": "御注以枝條柔弱共生於上釋「共」。", "relationSimp": "御注", "textSimp": "御注以枝条柔弱共生于上释「共」。" }, { "noteId": "c005", "relation": "承前", "relationTrad": "承前", "text": "河上公四部叢刊本「木強大枝弱共生其上」與御注同其讀。", "textTrad": "河上公四部叢刊本「木強大枝弱共生其上」與御注同其讀。", "relationSimp": "承前", "textSimp": "河上公四部丛刊本「木强大枝弱共生其上」与御注同其读。" }, { "noteId": "c038", "relation": "異解", "relationTrad": "異解", "text": "蘇轍以拱把以上必伐，別開一讀。", "textTrad": "蘇轍以拱把以上必伐，別開一讀。", "relationSimp": "异解", "textSimp": "苏辙以拱把以上必伐，别开一读。" }, { "noteId": "c042", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄明訓「共，兩手所圍也」，說遂定。", "textTrad": "吳澄明訓「共，兩手所圍也」，說遂定。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄明训「共，两手所围也」，说遂定。" }, { "noteId": "c045", "relation": "承前", "relationTrad": "承前", "text": "憨山於經文下自注「音拱，兩手合圍也」。", "textTrad": "憨山於經文下自注「音拱，兩手合圍也」。", "relationSimp": "承前", "textSimp": "憨山于经文下自注「音拱，两手合围也」。" }, { "noteId": "c015", "relation": "別解", "relationTrad": "別解", "text": "成玄英取共壓、椽瓦壓之義，仍用共聚而取其壓覆。", "textTrad": "成玄英取共壓、椽瓦壓之義，仍用共聚而取其壓覆。", "relationSimp": "别解", "textSimp": "成玄英取共压、椽瓦压之义，仍用共聚而取其压覆。" }, { "noteId": "c035", "relation": "別解", "relationTrad": "別解", "text": "呂惠卿云木強則伐、伐之所以共而舉之，伐與共並立。", "textTrad": "呂惠卿云木強則伐、伐之所以共而舉之，伐與共並立。", "relationSimp": "别解", "textSimp": "吕惠卿云木强则伐、伐之所以共而举之，伐与共并立。" }, { "noteId": "c047", "relation": "按語", "relationTrad": "按語", "text": "魏源逕改「共」作「兵」，以韻腳為據，與道藏本王弼不合。", "textTrad": "魏源逕改「共」作「兵」，以韻腳為據，與道藏本王弼不合。", "relationSimp": "按语", "textSimp": "魏源迳改「共」作「兵」，以韵脚为据，与道藏本王弼不合。" } ], "nameSimp": "木强则共——共生与拱把两读", "questionSimp": "一个「共」字，何以生出两家之说？", "introSimp": "此组专校第四句下半。王弼注「物所加也」四字，本未明言读法，遂启后世两途。其一出唐玄宗御注御疏与李荣：木本强大故处于下，枝条柔弱共生于上，「共」读如本字，谓枝叶共集其上；河上公四部丛刊本「木强大枝弱，共生其上也」正与此读相合。其二出苏辙「木自拱把以上必伐矣」、吴澄「共，两手所围也」与憨山自注「音拱，两手合围也」，以「共」为「拱」，言木既合拱则见伐。成玄英疏调其间，谓树木粗强故枝条共压其上、榱栋宏壮故椽瓦压其上，仍以「共」为共聚之义而取其压覆。吕惠卿「木强则伐，伐之所以共而举之」则兼两读。魏源据傅奕迳改作「木强则兵」，自谓从王弼，以「胜」「兵」为韵，谓言木强被伐；然今道藏本王弼正作「共」，其说未必合于本文。陆希声「木强于干则枝叶共生其上」用第一读，吴澄「近根合拱之大干」用第二读，二说俱存于本章字词注。" }, { "id": "qiang-da-chu-xia-rou-ruo-chu-shang", "name": "強大處下，柔弱處上", "nameTrad": "強大處下，柔弱處上", "question": "同是一木，何以強者在下而弱者反在上？", "questionTrad": "同是一木，何以強者在下而弱者反在上？", "intro": "此組聚於末句，為一章之結。王弼以「木之本也」「枝條是也」六字分指兩處，只就木言之。河上公推到天道：興物造功，大木處下，小物處上，天道抑強扶弱，自然之效。唐玄宗御疏回結木喻，謂欲明強梁之人常在柔弱之下，不別起新義。成玄英以九幽之下、三清之上說之，全就理身與道教位業立言。李榮以生死之欣慼定上下，最簡。嚴遵輯文引「神明之道，小不載大，輕不載重」，謂強人不得為王，是由此句說到君位。陸希聲謂強幹大本常處於下、柔條弱枝常處於上，木猶如此，況於人乎，況於國乎。呂惠卿大加廓充：天以炁在上、地以形在下，臣以有為事上、君以無為畜下，有為則堅強、無為則柔弱，故堅強居下、柔弱處上，為物之理。蘇轍別以精粗釋之，謂精者在上、粗者在下，其精必柔弱、其粗必強大，一變根本枝條之說。吳澄由兵、木兩層推到人德，謂矜己凌人者必蹶其貴高而反處人下，柔弱者為眾所尊戴而得處人上。憨山謂結句乃本意、上文皆借喻，以戒懼虛心、柔弱翕受者方可處於民上。魏源引呂、蘇、吳三家而斷以源案，謂老子書將終，故對舉柔弱剛強之得失，而下三章皆申之。異文亦萃於此：呂惠卿作「堅強居下」，吳澄作「故堅強處下」，傅奕本同而多「故」字。", "introTrad": "此組聚於末句，為一章之結。王弼以「木之本也」「枝條是也」六字分指兩處，只就木言之。河上公推到天道：興物造功，大木處下，小物處上，天道抑強扶弱，自然之效。唐玄宗御疏回結木喻，謂欲明強梁之人常在柔弱之下，不別起新義。成玄英以九幽之下、三清之上說之，全就理身與道教位業立言。李榮以生死之欣慼定上下，最簡。嚴遵輯文引「神明之道，小不載大，輕不載重」，謂強人不得為王，是由此句說到君位。陸希聲謂強幹大本常處於下、柔條弱枝常處於上，木猶如此，況於人乎，況於國乎。呂惠卿大加廓充：天以炁在上、地以形在下，臣以有為事上、君以無為畜下，有為則堅強、無為則柔弱，故堅強居下、柔弱處上，為物之理。蘇轍別以精粗釋之，謂精者在上、粗者在下，其精必柔弱、其粗必強大，一變根本枝條之說。吳澄由兵、木兩層推到人德，謂矜己凌人者必蹶其貴高而反處人下，柔弱者為眾所尊戴而得處人上。憨山謂結句乃本意、上文皆借喻，以戒懼虛心、柔弱翕受者方可處於民上。魏源引呂、蘇、吳三家而斷以源案，謂老子書將終，故對舉柔弱剛強之得失，而下三章皆申之。異文亦萃於此：呂惠卿作「堅強居下」，吳澄作「故堅強處下」，傅奕本同而多「故」字。", "positions": { "heshanggong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "興物造功，大木處下，小物處上，天道抑強扶弱自然之效。", "thesisTrad": "興物造功，大木處下，小物處上，天道抑強扶弱自然之效。", "noteIds": [ "c006" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "兴物造功，大木处下，小物处上，天道抑强扶弱自然之效。" }, "wangbi": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "強大處下，木之本也；柔弱處上，枝條是也。", "thesisTrad": "強大處下，木之本也；柔弱處上，枝條是也。", "noteIds": [ "c009", "c010" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "强大处下，木之本也；柔弱处上，枝条是也。" }, "chengxuanying": { "workType": "疏", "workTypeTrad": "疏", "thesis": "堅強之木居下，柔弱之條處上；故知堅強之人居九幽之下，柔弱之士處三清之上。", "thesisTrad": "堅強之木居下，柔弱之條處上；故知堅強之人居九幽之下，柔弱之士處三清之上。", "noteIds": [ "c016" ], "workTypeSimp": "疏", "thesisSimp": "坚强之木居下，柔弱之条处上；故知坚强之人居九幽之下，柔弱之士处三清之上。" }, "tangxuanzong": { "workType": "御疏", "workTypeTrad": "御疏", "thesis": "結上文木根本強大之義，欲明強梁之人常在柔弱之下。", "thesisTrad": "結上文木根本強大之義，欲明強梁之人常在柔弱之下。", "noteIds": [ "c025" ], "workTypeSimp": "御疏", "thesisSimp": "结上文木根本强大之义，欲明强梁之人常在柔弱之下。" }, "yanzun": { "workType": "輯文", "workTypeTrad": "輯文", "thesis": "神明之道，小不載大，輕不載重；強人不得為王。", "thesisTrad": "神明之道，小不載大，輕不載重；強人不得為王。", "noteIds": [ "c028" ], "workTypeSimp": "辑文", "thesisSimp": "神明之道，小不载大，轻不载重；强人不得为王。" }, "lirong": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "生者人之所欣，柔弱者生之徒，豈非上耶；死者物之所慼，寧非下耶。", "thesisTrad": "生者人之所欣，柔弱者生之徒，豈非上耶；死者物之所慼，寧非下耶。", "noteIds": [ "c033" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "生者人之所欣，柔弱者生之徒，岂非上耶；死者物之所戚，宁非下耶。" }, "luxisheng": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "強幹大本常處於下，柔條弱枝常處於上；木猶如此，況於人乎，況於國乎。", "thesisTrad": "強幹大本常處於下，柔條弱枝常處於上；木猶如此，況於人乎，況於國乎。", "noteIds": [ "c034" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "强干大本常处于下，柔条弱枝常处于上；木犹如此，况于人乎，况于国乎。" }, "lvhuiqing": { "workType": "傳", "workTypeTrad": "傳", "thesis": "天以炁在上、地以形在下，臣以有為事上、君以無為畜下，堅強居下、柔弱處上，物之理也。", "thesisTrad": "天以炁在上、地以形在下，臣以有為事上、君以無為畜下，堅強居下、柔弱處上，物之理也。", "noteIds": [ "c035" ], "workTypeSimp": "传", "thesisSimp": "天以炁在上、地以形在下，臣以有为事上、君以无为畜下，坚强居下、柔弱处上，物之理也。" }, "suzhe": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "物之常理，精者在上、粗者在下；其精必柔弱，其粗必強大。", "thesisTrad": "物之常理，精者在上、粗者在下；其精必柔弱，其粗必強大。", "noteIds": [ "c039" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "物之常理，精者在上、粗者在下；其精必柔弱，其粗必强大。" }, "wucheng": { "workType": "注", "workTypeTrad": "注", "thesis": "矜己凌人者必蹶其貴高而反處人下，柔弱者為眾所尊戴而得處人上。", "thesisTrad": "矜己凌人者必蹶其貴高而反處人下，柔弱者為眾所尊戴而得處人上。", "noteIds": [ "c043" ], "workTypeSimp": "注", "thesisSimp": "矜己凌人者必蹶其贵高而反处人下，柔弱者为众所尊戴而得处人上。" }, "hanshan": { "workType": "解", "workTypeTrad": "解", "thesis": "戒懼虛心、柔弱翕受者，方可處於民上；結句乃本意。", "thesisTrad": "戒懼虛心、柔弱翕受者，方可處於民上；結句乃本意。", "noteIds": [ "c045" ], "workTypeSimp": "解", "thesisSimp": "戒惧虚心、柔弱翕受者，方可处于民上；结句乃本意。" }, "weiyuan": { "workType": "本義", "workTypeTrad": "本義", "thesis": "引吳澄「末二句即承上兩句而言之」，源案謂老子書將終故對舉剛柔。", "thesisTrad": "引吳澄「末二句即承上兩句而言之」，源案謂老子書將終故對舉剛柔。", "noteIds": [ "c046", "c047" ], "workTypeSimp": "本义", "thesisSimp": "引吴澄「末二句即承上两句而言之」，源案谓老子书将终故对举刚柔。" } }, "chain": [ { "noteId": "c009", "relation": "立論", "relationTrad": "立論", "text": "王弼只以木之本、枝條是也指其實，更不說破人事。", "textTrad": "王弼只以木之本、枝條是也指其實，更不說破人事。", "relationSimp": "立论", "textSimp": "王弼只以木之本、枝条是也指其实，更不说破人事。" }, { "noteId": "c006", "relation": "轉進", "relationTrad": "轉進", "text": "河上公以天道抑強扶弱為自然之效。", "textTrad": "河上公以天道抑強扶弱為自然之效。", "relationSimp": "转进", "textSimp": "河上公以天道抑强扶弱为自然之效。" }, { "noteId": "c025", "relation": "御疏", "relationTrad": "御疏", "text": "御疏不別起義，但回結木喻以明強梁者常在柔弱之下。", "textTrad": "御疏不別起義，但回結木喻以明強梁者常在柔弱之下。", "relationSimp": "御疏", "textSimp": "御疏不别起义，但回结木喻以明强梁者常在柔弱之下。" }, { "noteId": "c016", "relation": "疏", "relationTrad": "疏", "text": "成玄英以九幽、三清分剛柔之位。", "textTrad": "成玄英以九幽、三清分剛柔之位。", "relationSimp": "疏", "textSimp": "成玄英以九幽、三清分刚柔之位。" }, { "noteId": "c028", "relation": "輯文", "relationTrad": "輯文", "text": "嚴遵輯文以小不載大、輕不載重，明強人不得為王。", "textTrad": "嚴遵輯文以小不載大、輕不載重，明強人不得為王。", "relationSimp": "辑文", "textSimp": "严遵辑文以小不载大、轻不载重，明强人不得为王。" }, { "noteId": "c034", "relation": "傳", "relationTrad": "傳", "text": "陸希聲結云木猶如此，況於人乎，況於國乎。", "textTrad": "陸希聲結云木猶如此，況於人乎，況於國乎。", "relationSimp": "传", "textSimp": "陆希声结云木犹如此，况于人乎，况于国乎。" }, { "noteId": "c035", "relation": "轉深", "relationTrad": "轉深", "text": "呂惠卿以天地形炁、臣君有無廣其義。", "textTrad": "呂惠卿以天地形炁、臣君有無廣其義。", "relationSimp": "转深", "textSimp": "吕惠卿以天地形炁、臣君有无广其义。" }, { "noteId": "c039", "relation": "異解", "relationTrad": "異解", "text": "蘇轍舍根本枝條而取精粗上下，別樹一義。", "textTrad": "蘇轍舍根本枝條而取精粗上下，別樹一義。", "relationSimp": "异解", "textSimp": "苏辙舍根本枝条而取精粗上下，别树一义。" }, { "noteId": "c043", "relation": "注", "relationTrad": "注", "text": "吳澄謂矜己凌人者必蹶其貴高。", "textTrad": "吳澄謂矜己凌人者必蹶其貴高。", "relationSimp": "注", "textSimp": "吴澄谓矜己凌人者必蹶其贵高。" }, { "noteId": "c045", "relation": "解", "relationTrad": "解", "text": "憨山以處於民上結，謂戒懼虛心者方可臨人。", "textTrad": "憨山以處於民上結，謂戒懼虛心者方可臨人。", "relationSimp": "解", "textSimp": "憨山以处于民上结，谓戒惧虚心者方可临人。" }, { "noteId": "c046", "relation": "本義", "relationTrad": "本義", "text": "魏源源案以此章當書將終，下三章皆申剛柔之得失。", "textTrad": "魏源源案以此章當書將終，下三章皆申剛柔之得失。", "relationSimp": "本义", "textSimp": "魏源源案以此章当书将终，下三章皆申刚柔之得失。" } ], "nameSimp": "强大处下，柔弱处上", "questionSimp": "同是一木，何以强者在下而弱者反在上？", "introSimp": "此组聚于末句，为一章之结。王弼以「木之本也」「枝条是也」六字分指两处，只就木言之。河上公推到天道：兴物造功，大木处下，小物处上，天道抑强扶弱，自然之效。唐玄宗御疏回结木喻，谓欲明强梁之人常在柔弱之下，不别起新义。成玄英以九幽之下、三清之上说之，全就理身与道教位业立言。李荣以生死之欣戚定上下，最简。严遵辑文引「神明之道，小不载大，轻不载重」，谓强人不得为王，是由此句说到君位。陆希声谓强干大本常处于下、柔条弱枝常处于上，木犹如此，况于人乎，况于国乎。吕惠卿大加廓充：天以炁在上、地以形在下，臣以有为事上、君以无为畜下，有为则坚强、无为则柔弱，故坚强居下、柔弱处上，为物之理。苏辙别以精粗释之，谓精者在上、粗者在下，其精必柔弱、其粗必强大，一变根本枝条之说。吴澄由兵、木两层推到人德，谓矜己凌人者必蹶其贵高而反处人下，柔弱者为众所尊戴而得处人上。憨山谓结句乃本意、上文皆借喻，以戒惧虚心、柔弱翕受者方可处于民上。魏源引吕、苏、吴三家而断以源案，谓老子书将终，故对举柔弱刚强之得失，而下三章皆申之。异文亦萃于此：吕惠卿作「坚强居下」，吴澄作「故坚强处下」，傅奕本同而多「故」字。" } ], "requiredSources": [ "heshanggong", "tangxuanzong" ] }, "schema": "librebook.chapter/1", "generatedAt": "2026-10-30T11:41:46.945Z", "keyPrefix": "laozi-76", "idRules": { "chapter": "章节目录名（slug），如 01；URL 为 /laozi/01/。", "sentence": "章内局部编号 sNNN，全篇引用使用 laozi-01:sNNN；页面锚点继续使用 #sNNN。", "commentary": "章内注号 cNNN，字词注 nNNN，校记 kNNN；编号在章内稳定，跨章引用时加章节前缀。", "paragraph": "章内段落号 pNNN，与 sentence.paragraph 对应。" }, "book": { "id": "laozi", "slug": "laozi", "title": "老子", "titleSimp": "老子", "author": "老聃", "authorSimp": "老聃", "era": "春秋", "eraSimp": "春秋", "editor": "河上公、王弼等", "editorSimp": "河上公、王弼等", "edition": "王弼《老子注》", "editionSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "baseLabel": "王弼《老子注》", "baseLabelSimp": "王弼《老子注》", "separationLabel": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英義疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、嚴遵指歸、李榮注、陸希聲傳、呂惠卿傳、蘇轍老子解、吳澄道德真經注、憨山道德經解、魏源老子本義、俞樾平議、王夫之老子衍十四家", "separationLabelSimp": "河上公章句、王弼注、成玄英义疏、唐玄宗御注御疏、严遵指归、李荣注、陆希声传、吕惠卿传、苏辙老子解、吴澄道德真经注、憨山道德经解、魏源老子本义、俞樾平议、王夫之老子衍十四家", "intro": "《老子》八十一章，分道經、德經。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》為底本，逐章整理正文、舊注、今譯與校記；第一至八十一章已上線，全帙完竣。", "introSimp": "《老子》八十一章，分道经、德经。LibreBook 以王弼《老子注》为底本，逐章整理正文、旧注、今译与校记；第一至八十一章已上线，全帙完竣。" }, "volume": { "id": "dejing", "order": 2, "title": "德經", "titleSimp": "德经" }, "chapter": { "id": "laozi-76", "slug": "76", "order": 76, "title": "第七十六章", "titleSimp": "第七十六章", "status": "published", "revision": "初校", "review": "待复核", "updated": "2026-10-30", "summary": "第七十六章〈戒強章〉五句：人之生也柔弱，其死也堅強；萬物草木之生也柔脆，其死也枯槁；故堅強者死之徒，柔弱者生之徒；是以兵強則不勝，木強則共；強大處下，柔弱處上。王夫之《老子衍》公開轉錄本止於第六十六章；俞樾《諸子平議》此章未列，故均不列。全章以一身之死生、草木之榮枯為兩喻，推出「堅強者死之徒，柔弱者生之徒」之斷，再以兵、木二喻結之，末以「強大處下，柔弱處上」定上下之位，成玄英謂此章明「柔弱之類必獲長生，剛強之徒體歸死滅」。河上公題「戒強第七十六」，逐句為注六條，以人生含和氣、抱精神故柔弱，人死和氣竭、精神亡故堅強，以和氣存則柔脆、和氣去則枯槁釋草木之喻，以其上二事觀之知堅強者死、柔弱者生，以強大之兵輕戰樂殺、毒流怨結、眾弱共一強而攻之釋兵強不勝，以木強則枝葉共生其上、大木處下、小物處上、天道抑強扶弱自然之效釋末二句；四部叢刊本此章別有音義三條「強，其兩反，舊其良反」「脆，七歲反」「槁，苦老反」。王弼止存四條而皆在後半，以強兵以暴於天下者物之所惡、故必不得勝釋兵強不勝，以「物所加也」釋木強則共，以「木之本也」「枝條是也」釋強大處下、柔弱處上；「人之生也柔弱」以下三句闕注，本站不為補造。成玄英章義二則、疏四條，章義以前章明剛強之徒體歸死滅、柔弱之類必獲長生故次此章，分全章為三別：一雙舉二喻以況剛柔，二合喻辯其勝劣，三法喻並陳重結其義；駢文引「調正南昌，注生名而柔弱；酆都北帝，握死籍而強梁」，歸於「柔弱者長生，虛心者仙矣」；其疏全就理身說，以支節柔弱、骨肉堅強、條柯枯槁訓二喻，以和氣之歸離說生死，以兵謂三毒六根、枝條椽瓦共壓其上釋不勝，以九幽之下、三清之上分上下。唐玄宗御注三條、御疏六條，御注以生之柔弱和氣全、死之堅強和氣散總釋前段，以「見哀者勝，故知恃強者必敗」釋兵強不勝，以木本強大故處於下、枝條柔弱故處於上釋「共」字；御疏申言柔弱堅強為生死之戒，以無情之氣聚散為榮枯、有識之道存亡為生死，以入死之徒、出生之類結勝劣，引「用兵有言，以慈為主」轉結上章之義。嚴遵《指歸》德經原卷不帶此章，惟《玄德纂疏》卷十九存「嚴曰」三則，以神在身、血氣流行、骨弱筋柔說柔弱，以神去於身、形容枯槁、舌縮體伸說堅強，又推「柔弱嬰孩也，堅強少壯也」；其釋兵強謂親之者死、事之者禍，眾弱四應、共為一強故不勝；釋強大處下謂神明之道小不載大、輕不載重，強人不得為王。李榮五條，以天下莫柔弱於氣、氣莫柔弱於道說人受生必資道氣，以無情有氣說榮枯，以生死二理各有徒類結之，以不以德而固、乃恃兵為強、聚寡為眾、扶弱為強、反共攻之說兵強木強，以生為人所欣、死為物所慼說上下。陸希聲傳一段，謂生則柔弱、死則堅強，人與萬物同歸於此，是以聖人守柔弱、惡堅強，以兵強於眾則諸侯共加其國、木強於幹則枝葉共生其上，故強幹大本常處於下、柔條弱枝常處於上，結云「木猶如此，況於人乎，況於國乎」。呂惠卿傳一段，以道之為物無形而不爭、故以有形喻之立說，謂兵強則恃之而驕、而敵國之所謀，木強則伐、伐之所以共而舉之，又以天以炁在上、地以形在下，炁則柔弱、形則堅強，臣以有為事上、君以無為畜下解「堅強居下，柔弱處上」，歸於柔弱之能勝剛強。蘇轍四條，以沖氣在焉則體無堅強之病、至理在焉則事無堅強之累釋前段，以兵以義勝者非強、強而不義其敗必速釋兵強，以木自拱把以上必伐釋木強，以物之常理精者在上、粗者在下，其精必柔弱、其粗必強大釋末句。吳澄四條，以肌膚柔軟活動可以屈伸、死則冷硬強直不能屈伸說之，以人之德行堅強者不得其死說徒類，以用兵示弱者謀深而工、恃強者慮淺而驕，歷舉秦兵過周超乘三百敗於殽、齊兵入晉桀石投人敗於鞌為恃強不勝之驗，訓「共」為兩手所圍，以近根合拱之大榦、近末之小枝分上下，末推言矜己凌人者必蹶其貴高而反處人下。憨山解二段，謂此章傷世人之難化、欲在上者當先自化而後可以化民，結句乃本意而上文皆借喻，引「此土眾生，其性剛強，難調難化」，謂老子專以虛心無為不敢為立教之本，以兵喻戒懼、木喻心虛，謂戒懼虛心、柔弱翕受者方可處於民上，堅強自用、敢於好為者終無生意。魏源本義一段、校記一條，裒集呂惠卿、蘇轍、吳澄、李嘉謨四家而斷以源案，謂老子書將終，故對舉柔弱剛強之得失，而下三章皆申之；校記謂「草木」上王弼、河上有「萬物」二字，「柔弱」一作「柔脆」，傅奕「兵強」下有「者」字，兩「徒」下傅奕有「也」字，「木強則共」河上作「共」而此從王弼作「兵」，以勝兵為韻，然今道藏本王弼正作「共」。河上公題「戒強第七十六」；成玄英、呂惠卿並題「人之生章第七十六」；蘇轍題「民之生章第七十六」；王弼本、陸希聲本、憨山本無章題；吳澄、魏源均以此章為其第六十三章。諸本異文：蘇轍經文與章題作「民之生」，餘家作「人之生」；呂惠卿、吳澄、魏源無「萬物」二字，《纂疏》本與蘇轍本「草木」下無「之」字；蘇轍、魏源、成玄英疏、唐玄宗御注所引作「柔弱」，王弼、河上公、陸希聲、呂惠卿、吳澄、憨山作「柔脆」；魏源本從傅奕作「木強則兵」，餘家作「共」；呂惠卿作「堅強居下」，吳澄與傅奕本作「故堅強處下」，陸希聲傳「強」字多作「彊」。正文從王弼通行本，異文見校記。", "summarySimp": "第七十六章〈戒强章〉五句：人之生也柔弱，其死也坚强；万物草木之生也柔脆，其死也枯槁；故坚强者死之徒，柔弱者生之徒；是以兵强则不胜，木强则共；强大处下，柔弱处上。王夫之《老子衍》公开转录本止于第六十六章；俞樾《诸子平议》此章未列，故均不列。全章以一身之死生、草木之荣枯为两喻，推出「坚强者死之徒，柔弱者生之徒」之断，再以兵、木二喻结之，末以「强大处下，柔弱处上」定上下之位，成玄英谓此章明「柔弱之类必获长生，刚强之徒体归死灭」。河上公题「戒强第七十六」，逐句为注六条，以人生含和气、抱精神故柔弱，人死和气竭、精神亡故坚强，以和气存则柔脆、和气去则枯槁释草木之喻，以其上二事观之知坚强者死、柔弱者生，以强大之兵轻战乐杀、毒流怨结、众弱共一强而攻之释兵强不胜，以木强则枝叶共生其上、大木处下、小物处上、天道抑强扶弱自然之效释末二句；四部丛刊本此章别有音义三条「强，其两反，旧其良反」「脆，七岁反」「槁，苦老反」。王弼止存四条而皆在后半，以强兵以暴于天下者物之所恶、故必不得胜释兵强不胜，以「物所加也」释木强则共，以「木之本也」「枝条是也」释强大处下、柔弱处上；「人之生也柔弱」以下三句阙注，本站不为补造。成玄英章义二则、疏四条，章义以前章明刚强之徒体归死灭、柔弱之类必获长生故次此章，分全章为三别：一双举二喻以况刚柔，二合喻辩其胜劣，三法喻并陈重结其义；骈文引「调正南昌，注生名而柔弱；酆都北帝，握死籍而强梁」，归于「柔弱者长生，虚心者仙矣」；其疏全就理身说，以支节柔弱、骨肉坚强、条柯枯槁训二喻，以和气之归离说生死，以兵谓三毒六根、枝条椽瓦共压其上释不胜，以九幽之下、三清之上分上下。唐玄宗御注三条、御疏六条，御注以生之柔弱和气全、死之坚强和气散总释前段，以「见哀者胜，故知恃强者必败」释兵强不胜，以木本强大故处于下、枝条柔弱故处于上释「共」字；御疏申言柔弱坚强为生死之戒，以无情之气聚散为荣枯、有识之道存亡为生死，以入死之徒、出生之类结胜劣，引「用兵有言，以慈为主」转结上章之义。严遵《指归》德经原卷不带此章，惟《玄德纂疏》卷十九存「严曰」三则，以神在身、血气流行、骨弱筋柔说柔弱，以神去于身、形容枯槁、舌缩体伸说坚强，又推「柔弱婴孩也，坚强少壮也」；其释兵强谓亲之者死、事之者祸，众弱四应、共为一强故不胜；释强大处下谓神明之道小不载大、轻不载重，强人不得为王。李荣五条，以天下莫柔弱于气、气莫柔弱于道说人受生必资道气，以无情有气说荣枯，以生死二理各有徒类结之，以不以德而固、乃恃兵为强、聚寡为众、扶弱为强、反共攻之说兵强木强，以生为人所欣、死为物所戚说上下。陆希声传一段，谓生则柔弱、死则坚强，人与万物同归于此，是以圣人守柔弱、恶坚强，以兵强于众则诸侯共加其国、木强于干则枝叶共生其上，故强干大本常处于下、柔条弱枝常处于上，结云「木犹如此，况于人乎，况于国乎」。吕惠卿传一段，以道之为物无形而不争、故以有形喻之立说，谓兵强则恃之而骄、而敌国之所谋，木强则伐、伐之所以共而举之，又以天以炁在上、地以形在下，炁则柔弱、形则坚强，臣以有为事上、君以无为畜下解「坚强居下，柔弱处上」，归于柔弱之能胜刚强。苏辙四条，以冲气在焉则体无坚强之病、至理在焉则事无坚强之累释前段，以兵以义胜者非强、强而不义其败必速释兵强，以木自拱把以上必伐释木强，以物之常理精者在上、粗者在下，其精必柔弱、其粗必强大释末句。吴澄四条，以肌肤柔软活动可以屈伸、死则冷硬强直不能屈伸说之，以人之德行坚强者不得其死说徒类，以用兵示弱者谋深而工、恃强者虑浅而骄，历举秦兵过周超乘三百败于殽、齐兵入晋桀石投人败于鞌为恃强不胜之验，训「共」为两手所围，以近根合拱之大干、近末之小枝分上下，末推言矜己凌人者必蹶其贵高而反处人下。憨山解二段，谓此章伤世人之难化、欲在上者当先自化而后可以化民，结句乃本意而上文皆借喻，引「此土众生，其性刚强，难调难化」，谓老子专以虚心无为不敢为立教之本，以兵喻戒惧、木喻心虚，谓戒惧虚心、柔弱翕受者方可处于民上，坚强自用、敢于好为者终无生意。魏源本义一段、校记一条，裒集吕惠卿、苏辙、吴澄、李嘉谟四家而断以源案，谓老子书将终，故对举柔弱刚强之得失，而下三章皆申之；校记谓「草木」上王弼、河上有「万物」二字，「柔弱」一作「柔脆」，傅奕「兵强」下有「者」字，两「徒」下傅奕有「也」字，「木强则共」河上作「共」而此从王弼作「兵」，以胜兵为韵，然今道藏本王弼正作「共」。河上公题「戒强第七十六」；成玄英、吕惠卿并题「人之生章第七十六」；苏辙题「民之生章第七十六」；王弼本、陆希声本、憨山本无章题；吴澄、魏源均以此章为其第六十三章。诸本异文：苏辙经文与章题作「民之生」，余家作「人之生」；吕惠卿、吴澄、魏源无「万物」二字，《纂疏》本与苏辙本「草木」下无「之」字；苏辙、魏源、成玄英疏、唐玄宗御注所引作「柔弱」，王弼、河上公、陆希声、吕惠卿、吴澄、憨山作「柔脆」；魏源本从傅奕作「木强则兵」，余家作「共」；吕惠卿作「坚强居下」，吴澄与傅奕本作「故坚强处下」，陆希声传「强」字多作「彊」。正文从王弼通行本，异文见校记。", 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